lux

gĕnĭtālis, e, adj. [id.], of or belonging to generation or birth, causing generation or birth, fruitful, generative, genital ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: genialis, genetivus).

Adj.:

genitalia materiaï Corpora,

generative principles, elements, Lucr. 2, 62:

corpora quatuor,

the four elements, Ov. M. 15, 239:

semina,

Lucr. 5, 851; Verg. G. 2, 324:

partes (corporis),

genital parts, Lucr. 4, 1044; Col. 6, 26, 2:

membra,

Ov. Am. 2, 3, 3:

loca,

Col. 6, 36, 2:

arvum,

Verg. G. 3, 136; cf.

vulvae,

Col. 7, 9, 5;

so of plants: membra,

id. 3, 10, 12: locus, id. § 14; cf. id. 3, 6, 1:

profluvium,

Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 143; cf. id. 7, 14, 12, § 61:

foedera,

matrimony, Stat. Th. 3, 300:

menses,

the months of pregnancy in which the child may be born, Gell. 3, 16, 4:

ros,

fertilizing, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 38:

hora anni,

i. e. in the spring, id. 9, 35, 54, § 107: dies, birth-day (usually dies natalis), Tac. A. 16, 14; also,

lux,

Stat. S. 2, 3, 62:

solum,

birth-place, natal soil, Vell. 2, 15, 1:

sedes,

Prud. Cath. 10 fin. terra, Amm. 27, 5 fin.: dii, the gods that produce everything: Romulus in caelo cum dis genitalibus aevum Degit, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 764 (Ann. v. 119 Vahl.); imitated by Aus. Per. Iliad. 4; Num. ap. Eckh. D. N. V. 7, p. 139: sterilitas, barrenness, Trebat. ap. Gell. 4, 2, 9.—

Subst.

Gĕnĭtālis, is, f., a surname of Diana, as presiding over births:

sive tu (Diana) Lucina probas vocari Seu Genitalis,

Hor. C. S. 16.—

gĕ-nĭtāle, is, n. (sc. membrum;

v. above, I.),

Cels. 4, 1; Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93; 37, 10, 57, § 157; Arn. 5, 18 et saep.; in plur., id. 11, 49, 110, § 263; Quint. 1, 6, 36; Juv. 6, 514. —Hence, adv.: gĕnĭtālĭter, in a fertilizing manner, fruitfully, Lucr. 4, 1258.

gĕnĭtālis, e, adj. [id.], of or belonging to generation or birth, causing generation or birth, fruitful, generative, genital ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: genialis, genetivus).

Adj.:

genitalia materiaï Corpora,

generative principles, elements, Lucr. 2, 62:

corpora quatuor,

the four elements, Ov. M. 15, 239:

semina,

Lucr. 5, 851; Verg. G. 2, 324:

partes (corporis),

genital parts, Lucr. 4, 1044; Col. 6, 26, 2:

membra,

Ov. Am. 2, 3, 3:

loca,

Col. 6, 36, 2:

arvum,

Verg. G. 3, 136; cf.

vulvae,

Col. 7, 9, 5;

so of plants: membra,

id. 3, 10, 12: locus, id. § 14; cf. id. 3, 6, 1:

profluvium,

Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 143; cf. id. 7, 14, 12, § 61:

foedera,

matrimony, Stat. Th. 3, 300:

menses,

the months of pregnancy in which the child may be born, Gell. 3, 16, 4:

ros,

fertilizing, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 38:

hora anni,

i. e. in the spring, id. 9, 35, 54, § 107: dies, birth-day (usually dies natalis), Tac. A. 16, 14; also,

lux,

Stat. S. 2, 3, 62:

solum,

birth-place, natal soil, Vell. 2, 15, 1:

sedes,

Prud. Cath. 10 fin. terra, Amm. 27, 5 fin.: dii, the gods that produce everything: Romulus in caelo cum dis genitalibus aevum Degit, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 764 (Ann. v. 119 Vahl.); imitated by Aus. Per. Iliad. 4; Num. ap. Eckh. D. N. V. 7, p. 139: sterilitas, barrenness, Trebat. ap. Gell. 4, 2, 9.—

Subst.

Gĕnĭtālis, is, f., a surname of Diana, as presiding over births:

sive tu (Diana) Lucina probas vocari Seu Genitalis,

Hor. C. S. 16.—

gĕ-nĭtāle, is, n. (sc. membrum;

v. above, I.),

Cels. 4, 1; Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93; 37, 10, 57, § 157; Arn. 5, 18 et saep.; in plur., id. 11, 49, 110, § 263; Quint. 1, 6, 36; Juv. 6, 514. —Hence, adv.: gĕnĭtālĭter, in a fertilizing manner, fruitfully, Lucr. 4, 1258.

gĕnĭtālis, e, adj. [id.], of or belonging to generation or birth, causing generation or birth, fruitful, generative, genital ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: genialis, genetivus).

Adj.:

genitalia materiaï Corpora,

generative principles, elements, Lucr. 2, 62:

corpora quatuor,

the four elements, Ov. M. 15, 239:

semina,

Lucr. 5, 851; Verg. G. 2, 324:

partes (corporis),

genital parts, Lucr. 4, 1044; Col. 6, 26, 2:

membra,

Ov. Am. 2, 3, 3:

loca,

Col. 6, 36, 2:

arvum,

Verg. G. 3, 136; cf.

vulvae,

Col. 7, 9, 5;

so of plants: membra,

id. 3, 10, 12: locus, id. § 14; cf. id. 3, 6, 1:

profluvium,

Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 143; cf. id. 7, 14, 12, § 61:

foedera,

matrimony, Stat. Th. 3, 300:

menses,

the months of pregnancy in which the child may be born, Gell. 3, 16, 4:

ros,

fertilizing, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 38:

hora anni,

i. e. in the spring, id. 9, 35, 54, § 107: dies, birth-day (usually dies natalis), Tac. A. 16, 14; also,

lux,

Stat. S. 2, 3, 62:

solum,

birth-place, natal soil, Vell. 2, 15, 1:

sedes,

Prud. Cath. 10 fin. terra, Amm. 27, 5 fin.: dii, the gods that produce everything: Romulus in caelo cum dis genitalibus aevum Degit, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 764 (Ann. v. 119 Vahl.); imitated by Aus. Per. Iliad. 4; Num. ap. Eckh. D. N. V. 7, p. 139: sterilitas, barrenness, Trebat. ap. Gell. 4, 2, 9.—

Subst.

Gĕnĭtālis, is, f., a surname of Diana, as presiding over births:

sive tu (Diana) Lucina probas vocari Seu Genitalis,

Hor. C. S. 16.—

gĕ-nĭtāle, is, n. (sc. membrum;

v. above, I.),

Cels. 4, 1; Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93; 37, 10, 57, § 157; Arn. 5, 18 et saep.; in plur., id. 11, 49, 110, § 263; Quint. 1, 6, 36; Juv. 6, 514. —Hence, adv.: gĕnĭtālĭter, in a fertilizing manner, fruitfully, Lucr. 4, 1258.

grātus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. har-jami, love, desire; Gr. chairô, charma, charis].

Pass., beloved, dear, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable (syn.: acceptus, jucundus, optatus, dulcis, blandus, suavis; in this signif. in ante-Aug. prose, viz. in Cic. and Cæs., only of things; gratiosus, mostly of persons).

Of things:

non ille (amor tuus) quidem mihi ignotus, sed tamen gratus et optatus: dicerem jucundus, nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1; cf.:

illud tamen dicam, mihi id, quod fecisti, esse gratissimum. Tale enim tuum judicium non potest mihi non summe esse jucundum. Quod cum ita sit, esse gratum necesse est,

id. ib. 13, 8, 2:

ista veritas, etiam si jucunda non est, mihi tamen grata est,

id. Att. 3, 24, 2; cf. also: cujus officia jucundiora licet saepe mihi fuerint, numquam tamen gratiora, id. Fam. 4, 6, 1:

quae omnia mihi jucunda, hoc extremum etiam gratum fuit,

id. ib. 10, 3, 1;

so corresp. or connected with jucundus,

id. ib. 1, 17, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51; id. Cat. 4, 1, 1; Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 14; Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 1; 8, 23, 5:

quid est, quod aut populo Romano gratius esse debeat aut sociis exterisque nationibus optatius esse possit,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 7; so with optatus cf. above, the passage Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1: quod approbaris, id gratum acceptumque habendum. id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45; cf.:

mihi pol grata acceptaque hujus est benignitas,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 49; Cat. 96, 1:

munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

Nep. Hann. 7;

rarely in the contrary order: quorum mihi Dona accepta et grata habeo, tuaque ingrata,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56: Tox. Credidi gratum fore Beneficium meum apud te. Do. Immo equidem gratiam tibi habeo, id. Pers. 4, 7, 8; cf.:

grata tibi esse mea officia non miror: cognovi enim te gratissimum omnium, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

quam multi, ut Galli, ut Poeni homines immolare et pium et diis immortalibus gratissimum esse duxerunt!

Cic. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5; Cic. ap. Non. 398, 28 (Rep. 6, 2 Mos.); cf. in comp.:

sedere in his scholis gratius erat quam ire per solitudines, etc.,

Plin. 26, 2, 6, § 11; cf.

also: hedera est gratissima Baccho,

Ov. F. 3, 767:

dapibus supremi Grata testudo Jovis,

Hor. C. 1, 32, 14:

eoque erat cujusque gratior in re publica virtus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; 2, 35:

o diva, gratum quae regis Antium,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 1; cf.:

grato sub antro,

id. ib. 1, 5, 3:

locus,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 46:

tempus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 198:

hora,

id. ib. 1, 4, 14:

dies,

id. C. 4, 5, 7:

lux,

id. S. 1, 5, 39:

nox,

id. Carm. Sec. 23:

carmina,

id. C. 1, 15, 14; 3, 11, 23:

artes,

id. ib. 4, 13, 22:

error mentis,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 140:

protervitas,

id. C. 1, 19, 7 et saep.:

feceris, si de re publica quid sentias explicaris, nobis gratum omnibus,

will do us all a favor, Cic. Rep. 1, 21 fin.; cf.:

quamobrem utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

id. Lael. 4, 16:

quod si eum interfecerit, multis sese nobilibus gratum esse facturum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 20:

quapropter gratissimum mihi feceris, si curaris, ut, etc.... Hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes,

a very great favor... no greater favor, Cic. Fam. 13, 44:

is adulescens ita locatus est, ut, quae rebus grata erant, gratiora verbis faceret,

Liv. 45, 13, 13:

gratum elocuta consiliantibus Junone divis,

something pleasant, Hor. C. 3, 3, 17.—

Of living beings.

With dat.:

Herophile Phoebo grata,

Tib. 2, 5, 68; cf.:

vates diis gratissima,

Ov. F. 1, 585; and:

superis deorum gratus (Mercurius) et imis,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 20:

donec gratus eram tibi,

id. ib. 3, 9, 1; cf. Prop. 1, 2, 31:

gratus Alexandro regi Magno fuit ille Choerilus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 232; Suet. Caes. 27:

cui (Maecenati) cum se gratum et acceptum in modum amici videret,

id. Gramm. 21:

filio ejus Fausto gratissimus fuit,

id. ib. 12:

(cervus) gratus erat tibi,

Ov. M. 10, 121.—

Absol.:

olim gratus eram,

Prop. 1, 12, 7; Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

conviva,

id. S. 2, 2, 119:

comitum gratissime,

Ov. M. 14, 221; cf.:

juvenum gratissime Crantor,

id. ib. 12, 367:

o mihi de fratris longe gratissime natis,

id. ib. 12, 586:

quaestor consulibus suis non minus jucundus et gratus quam usui fuit,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 5.—Hence, subst.: grātus, i, m., a favorite, darling:

quam (classem) non amicorum sed gratorum appellabat,

Suet. Tib. 46 fin.

Act., thankful, grateful; thankworthy, deserving or procuring thanks (beneficii memor):

cognovi te gratissimum omnium: nec enim tu mihi habuisti modo gratiam, verum etiam cumulatissime retulisti,

Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1; cf. id. Leg. 1, 18, 49:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, cum te re ipsa atque animo scirem esse gratissimum, tamen, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

si bene de me meritis gratum me praebeo, etc.,

id. Planc. 38, 91 (v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 508); cf.:

ut grati ac memores beneficii esse videantur,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

Hegesaratus, magnis meis beneficiis ornatus in consulatu suo, memor et gratus fuit,

id. Fam. 13, 25; cf. also id. Att. 9, 11, A, 3:

tu quam gratus erga me fueris, ipse existimare potes,

id. Fam. 5, 5, 2; cf.: ut quam gratissimus erga te esse cognoscerer, id. ib. 1, 5, 1; Quint. 11, 2, 12: gratiorem me esse in te, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 1:

si quod adest gratum juvat,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 13; id. C. 1, 12, 39:

laudo vos, Quirites, cum gratissimis animis prosequimini nomen clarissimi adolescentis,

Cic. Phil. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 30, and 10, 3, 7:

tu, quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, gratā sume manu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 23:

quod tamen nunc faciam: tum, cum gratum mihi esse potuit, nolui,

i. e. might have procured me thanks, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

est istuc datum Profecto, ut grata mihi sint, quae facio, omnia,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 6 Ruhnk.; cf.:

didicisse, quam sit re pulchrum, beneficio gratum, fama gloriosum, tyrannum occidere,

productive of gratitude, Cic. Phil. 2, 46, 117:

pro quibus beneficiis vix satis gratus videar,

Sall. H. 2, 41, 5 Dietsch.— Hence, adv.: grātē.

(Acc. to I. = jucunde.) With pleasure, agreeably, willingly (rare in the class. period):

praeterita grate meminit et, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

liberti pupillorum grate facient, si, etc.,

Dig. 26, 10, 3:

insignis haec munificentia... nec a debitoribus magis quam a creditoribus gratius excepta,

Just. 12, 11, 2:

gratissime provocari,

Macr. S. 7, 2.—

(Acc. to II.) Thankfully, gratefully (class.):

aliquid et grate et pie facere,

Cic. Planc. 41, 98; cf.:

quid pie, quid grate, quid humaniter, aut fecerit aut tulerit,

id. de Or. 2, 11, 46; Suet. Aug. 66:

natales grate numeras,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:

beneficium qui dat, vult accipi grate,

Sen. Ben. 2, 31:

aliquid recipere,

Suet. Ner. 22; and in sup.:

id munus inter censoria opera gratissime acceptum est,

Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 214.

grăvis, e, adj. [Sanscr. gurus (root gar-); Gr. barus, heavy; gravis, for gar-uis; cf. also Brutus]. With respect to weight, heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome; or pass., loaded, laden, burdened (opp. levis, light; in most of its significations corresp. to the Gr. barus; cf. onerosus, onerarius).

Lit. Absol. or with abl.

In gen.: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; so,

tellus,

Ov. M. 7, 355:

corpora,

Lucr. 2, 225 sq.; cf. id. 5, 450 sq.:

limus,

id. 5, 496:

in eo etiam cavillatus est, aestate grave esse aureum amiculum, hieme frigidum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83:

navigia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8, 4; cf.:

tot ora navium gravi Rostrata duci pondere,

Hor. Epod. 4, 17:

cum gravius dorso (aselli) subiit onus,

id. S. 1, 9, 21:

sarcina,

id. Ep. 1, 13, 6: inflexi grave robur aratri, Verg. G. 1, 162:

cujus (tibicinae) Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26: terra, burdened (by the heavy body), Ov. M. 12, 118:

naves hostilibus spoliis graves,

heavily laden, Liv. 29, 35, 5; cf.:

agmen grave praedā,

id. 21, 5, 8;

for which also simply: grave agmen,

id. 31, 39, 2:

miles,

heavy-armed, Tac. A. 12, 35:

gravis aere dextra,

Verg. E. 1, 36:

cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo,

i. e. filled, full, id. A. 6, 516 (an imitation of Maximo saltu superavit Gravidus armatis equus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; v. gravidus, II. b):

graves imbre nubes,

Liv. 28, 15, 11:

graves fructu vites,

Quint. 8, 3, 8:

gravis vinculis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 10.—

In partic.

With respect to value or number, heavy, great. So, aes grave, heavy money, money of the oldest standard, in which an as weighed a full pound: grave aes dictum a pondere, quia deni asses, singuli pondo libras, efficiebant denarium, etc., Paul. ex Fest. p. 98 Müll.:

et quia nondum argentum signatum erat, aes grave plaustris quidam (ex patribus) ad aerarium convehentes, etc.,

Liv. 4, 60, 6; 10, 46, 5; 22, 33, 2 et saep.:

populus Romanus ne argento quidem signato ante Pyrrhum regem devictum usus est: librales appendebantur asses. Quare aeris gravis poena dicta,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42: argentum, i. e. uncoined = rude:

placet argentum grave rustici patris sine ullo opere et nomine artificis,

Sen. Tranq. 1, 4:

notavit aliquos, quod pecunias levioribus usuris mutuati graviore fenore collocassent,

at a higher rate, Suet. Aug. 39; cf.:

in graviore annona,

id. ib. 25: grave pretium, a high price, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 314, 25.—With respect to number: graves pavonum greges, great or numerous flocks, Varr. ap. Non. 314, 31. —

For the usual gravidus, with young, pregnant ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

regina sacerdos Marte gravis,

Verg. A. 1, 274; cf.

uterus (shortly after: gravidus tumet venter),

Ov. M. 10, 495:

balaenae utero graves (shortly before, gravidae),

Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 13.—

Transf.

Of hearing or sound, deep, grave, low, bass (opp. acutus, treble):

vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. id. ib. 3, 57, 216:

qui (sonus) acuta cum gravibus temperans, varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 17; 42: sonus, 2, 8, 15; 5, 10, 125; 11, 3, 41; Ov. M. 12, 203:

tenor,

Quint. 1, 5, 26:

syllaba,

i. e. unaccented, id. 1, 5, 22 sq.; 12, 10, 33.—

Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive:

an gravis hirsutis cubet hircus in alis,

rank, Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

chelydri,

Verg. G. 3, 415:

ellebori,

id. ib. 3, 451:

odor calthae,

strong, Plin. 21, 6, 15, § 28; cf.:

herba odore suaviter gravi,

id. 25, 9, 70, § 118; cf.

117: habrotonum odore jucunde gravi floret,

id. 21, 10, 34, § 60: absynthium ut bibam gravem, i. e. bitter, Varr. ap. Non. 19, 27, and 314, 14.—

Of the state of the body or health, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe; sick:

(Cleanthes) negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 24; so,

genera cibi graviora,

Cels. 2, 18:

gravissima bubula (caro),

id. ib.:

pisces gravissimi,

id. ib.:

neque ex salubri loco in gravem, neque ex gravi in salubrem transitus satis tutus est,

id. 1, 3; cf.:

solum caelumque juxta grave,

Tac. H. 5, 7:

solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra,

Verg. E. 10, 75:

anni tempore gravissimo et caloribus maximis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 1; cf.:

gravis auctumnus in Apulia circumque Brundisium ex saluberrimis Galliae et Hispaniae regionibus, omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

grave tempus et forte annus pestilens erat urbi agrisque,

Liv. 3, 6, 1; cf. also id. 3, 8, 1:

aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 377:

morbo gravis,

sick, id. ib. 3, 95; cf.:

gravis vulnere,

Liv. 21, 48, 4:

aetate et viribus gravior,

id. 2, 19, 6:

gravior de vulnere,

Val. Fl. 6, 65:

non insueta graves tentabunt pabula fetas,

sick, feeble, Verg. E. 1, 50; so absol.:

aut abit in somnum gravis,

heavy, languid, Lucr. 3, 1066.

Trop.

In a bad sense, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant (syn.: molestus, difficilis, arduus): qui labores morte finisset graves, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115:

quod numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse senserim... quibus nihil est in ipsis opis ad bene beateque vivendum, iis omnis aetas gravis est,

Cic. de Sen. 2, 4; cf.:

onus officii,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; id. Rep. 1, 23:

et facilior et minus aliis gravis aut molesta vita est otiosorum,

id. Off. 1, 21, 70; id. Rep. 1, 4:

miserior graviorque fortuna,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

haec si gravia aut acerba videantur, multo illa gravius aestimare debere, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 14 fin.:

velim si tibi grave non erit, me certiorem facias,

Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

grave est homini pudenti petere aliquid magnum,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 4:

est in populum Romanum grave, non posse, etc.,

id. Balb. 7, 24:

verbum gravius,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret... quod si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 1 and 4:

gravissimum supplicium,

id. ib. 1, 31, 15:

habemus senatusconsultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

edictum,

Liv. 29, 21, 5:

gravioribus bellis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40:

gravis esse alicui,

id. Fam. 13, 76, 2; cf.:

adversarius imperii,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86:

gravior hostis,

Liv. 10, 18, 6:

senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant, ne sint iis odiosi et graves,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43:

gravis popularibus esse coepit,

Liv. 44, 30, 5.—Prov.:

gravis malae conscientiae lux est,

Sen. Ep. 122.—

In a good sense, weighty, important, grave; with respect to character, of weight or authority, eminent, venerable, great:

numquam erit alienis gravis, qui suis se concinnat levem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

ea (honestas) certe omni pondere gravior habenda est quam reliqua omnia,

id. Off. 3, 8, 35; id. Deiot. 2, 5:

cum gravibus seriisque rebus satisfecerimus,

id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

auctoritas clarissimi viri et in rei publicae maximis gravissimisque causis cogniti,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf. causa, Lucil. ap. Non. 315, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 3; Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:

gravius erit tuum unum verbum ad eam rem, quam centum mea,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 107:

ut potentia senatus atque auctoritas minueretur: quae tamen gravis et magna remanebat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

sententiis non tam gravibus et severis quam concinnis et venustis,

id. Brut. 95, 325:

gravior oratio,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 227:

nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 6, 16:

inceptis gravibus et magna professis,

Hor. A. P. 14:

exemplum grave praebet ales, etc.,

id. C. 4, 11, 26:

non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloria clariores, aut auctoritate graviores, aut humanitate politiores,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

et esse et videri omnium gravissimus et severissimus,

id. ib. 2, 56, 228:

homo prudens et gravis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 38:

neque oratio abhorrens a persona hominis gravissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 15 fin.:

auctor,

id. Pis. 6, 14:

testis,

id. Fam. 2, 2:

non idem apud graves viros, quod leviores (decet),

Quint. 11, 1, 45:

vir bonus et gravis,

id. 11, 3, 184:

gravissimi sapientiae magistri,

id. 12, 1, 36:

tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere,

Verg. A. 1, 151:

gravissima civitas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3:

gravem atque opulentam civitatem vineis et pluteis cepit,

an important city, Liv. 34, 17, 12.— Hence, adv.: grăvĭter.

Weightily, heavily, ponderously (very rare):

aëra per purum graviter simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 302; cf.:

graviter cadere,

id. 1, 741; Ov. P. 1, 7, 49.—

Transf.

Of tones, deeply:

natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; Lucr. 4, 543.—Far more freq.,

Vehemently, strongly, violently:

graviter crepuerunt fores,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52; so,

spirantibus flabris,

Lucr. 6, 428; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 2:

pertentat tremor terras,

Lucr. 6, 287:

ferire aliquem,

Verg. A. 12, 295:

conquassari omnia,

Lucr. 5, 105; cf.:

quae gravissime afflictae erant naves,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31, 2.—

Trop.

Vehemently, violently, deeply, severely; harshly, unpleasantly, disagreeably:

graviter aegrotare,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 32:

se habere,

id. Att. 7, 2, 3:

neque is sum, qui gravissime ex vobis mortis periculo terrear,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 2:

gravissime dolere,

id. ib. 5, 54 fin.:

quem ego amarem graviter,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 87; cf.: placere occoepit graviter, postquam est mortua, [p. 829] Caecil. ap. Non. 314, 19:

tibi edepol iratus sum graviter,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 2:

cives gravissime dissentientes,

Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27:

si me meis civibus injuria suspectum tam graviter atque offensum viderem,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

graviter angi,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

tulit hoc commune dedecus jam familiae graviter filius,

with chagrin, vexation, id. Clu. 6, 16; cf.:

graviter et acerbe aliquid ferre,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:

graviter accipere aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 211; Tac. A. 13, 36; cf.:

adolescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

nolo in illum gravius dicere,

more harshly, id. Ad. 1, 2, 60; cf.:

de amplissimis viris gravissime acerbissimeque decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4; id. B. G. 3, 16, 4; cf.

also: severe et graviter et prisce agere,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

ut non gravius accepturi viderentur, si nuntiarentur omnibus eo loco mortem oppetendam esse,

more sorrowfully, Liv. 9, 4, 6.—

In an impressive or dignified manner, impressively, gravely, seriously, with propriety or dignity:

his de rebus tantis tamque atrocibus neque satis me commode dicere neque satis graviter conqueri neque satis libere vociferari posse intelligo. Nam commoditati ingenium, gravitati aetas, libertati tempora sunt impedimento,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 9:

(Scipio) utrumque egit graviter,

with dignity, id. Lael. 21, 77:

res gestas narrare graviter,

id. Or. 9, 30; cf.:

locum graviter et copiose tractare,

id. Fin. 4, 2, 5.

herbĭdus, a, um, adj. [herba].

Full of grass or herbs, grassy:

campi,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16; Liv. 9, 2, 7:

Epiros,

Ov. M. 8, 282:

segetes,

full of weeds, Col. 1, 6, 22:

potus,

obtained from herbs, Plin. 24, 6, 19, § 28:

insulae herbidae omnes harundine et junco,

Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 5:

ripae,

Amm. 14, 3, 4.—

Like grass, grassy, grass-colored:

folium herbidi coloris,

Plin. 12, 14, 31, § 56:

lux,

Prud. Psych. 863.

histŏrĭa, ae, f., = historia, a narrative of past events, history (syn.: annales, fasti).

Lit.:

historia testis temporum, lux veritatis, vita memoriae, magistra vitae, nuntia vetustatis, qua voce alia nisi oratoris immortalitati commendatur?

Cic. de Or. 2, 9, 36:

erat enim historia (initio) nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 12, 51 sq.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 2, 5 sq.; Gell. 5, 18; Plin. Ep. 5, 8;

v. the art. annalis: videtisne, quantum munds sit oratoris historia?... Nam quis nescit, primam esse historiae legem, ne quid falsi dicere audeat? deinde ne quid veri non audeat? ne qua suspicio gratiae sit in scribendo? ne qua simultatis? etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 15, 62 sq.:

huic generi historia finitima est, in qua et narratur ornate et regio saepe aut pugna describitur: interponuntur etiam contiones et hortationes, sed in his tracta quaedam et fluens expetitur, non haec contorta et acris oratio,

id. Or. 20, 66:

nihil est in historia pura et illustri brevitate dulcius,

id. Brut. 75, 262:

Italici belli et civilis historia,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 2; id. Leg. 1, 2, 5:

historia nec institui potest nisi praeparato otio, nec exiguo tempore absolvi,

id. ib. 1, 3, 9:

apud Herodotum, patrem historiae,

id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

hic (Sallustius) historiae major est auctor,

Quint. 2, 5, 19:

obscura est historia Romana,

Cic. Rep. 2, 18; cf.:

cum historiae cuidam tamquam vanae repugnaret,

Quint. 1, 8, 20:

si historiae lectione discipulos instruxerit,

id. 2, 5, 1:

res memoranda novis annalibus atque recenti historia,

Juv. 2, 103:

quidquid Graecia mendax audet in historia,

id. 10, 175:

auctor historiae Graecae gravissimus,

Gell. 1, 11 init.:

Sabinus, secutus quosdam historiae scriptores, dicit, etc.,

id. 7, 7, 8:

certus Romanae Historiae auctor,

Val. Max. 1, 7, 6.— Prov.: historiam scribere, to inform one's self accurately of any thing, to see a thing for one's self:

in scirpo nodum quaeris: quin nos hinc domum Redimus, nisi si historiam scripturi sumus?

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 23.—In plur.:

simiae improbitatem historiis Graecis mandatam esse demiror,

Cic. Div. 2, 32, 69:

concessum est rhetoribus ementiri in historiis,

id. Brut. 11, 42:

nihil in historiis supra Pontificum annales haberemus,

Quint. 10, 2, 7; 12, 4, 1:

historiarum scriptor,

id. 3, 8, 49; so,

scriptores,

Juv. 7, 98:

non orationes modo, sed etiam historias legere,

Quint. 3, 8, 67; cf. id. 2, 18, 5:

tuque pedestribus Dices historiis proelia Caesaris,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 10.—

Transf., in gen.. a narrative, account, tale, story.

In abstr.:

historiam veterem atque antiquam haec mea senectus sustinet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 100:

si quid in ea epistula fuit historia dignum, scribe quam primum, ne ignoremus,

Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1:

et quia narrationum tres accepimus species: fabulam... argumentum... historiam, in qua est gestae rei expositio, etc.,

Quint. 2, 4, 2:

maxima de nihilo nascitur historia,

Prop. 2, 1, 16:

hactenus historiae: nunc ad tua devehar astra,

id. 4 (5), 1, 119; cf.:

satis historiarum est,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 50:

amarae,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 89; id. C. 3, 7, 20; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 44.—Hence: Naturalis Historia, the title of the encyclopœdical work of Pliny the Elder. —Historia, a surname of C. Julius Hyginus, Suet. Gramm. 20.—

Concr., a subject of discourse:

tu quoque uti fieres nobilis historia,

Prop. 1, 15, 24.

ī̆cĭo and ī̆co), īci, ictum (forms in use, only pres. icit, iciunt, icere; perf. icit, icisse; pluperf. iceram, iceras; fut. perf. icero; pass. pres. icitur, icimur; perf. ictus est; and part. ictus, a, um; pres. ĭco, Prisc. 886 P.;

but īcit,

Lucr. 3, 160; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 50; pres. icio, Gell. 4, 17, 8; Prisc. 877 P.), 3, v. a. [Gr. ip-, iptomai, to injure; ips, a worm; ikria, scaffolding; cf. Ikaros, en-ipê], to strike, hit, smite, stab, sting (cf.: ferio, percutio, verbero, pulso).

Lit. (rare but class.).

In gen.:

exim corpus propellit et icit,

Lucr. 3, 160:

unde icimur ictu,

id. 4, 1050:

femur,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 42:

caput telis (musca),

Cat. 116, 4: vidulum fuscinā, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 124, 1:

cum Ptolemaeus in proelio telo venenato ictus esset,

Cic. Div. 2, 66, 135; cf.:

lapide ictus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22, 2:

ibi in turba ictus Remus, cecidit,

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus,

Juv. 5, 125.—

Esp. of lightning, etc., to strike:

cum Summanus e caelo ictus esset,

Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16:

ictae limen domus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 34:

fulmine laurus sola non icitur,

Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 134; cf.:

fulmen lauri fruticem non icit,

id. 2, 55, 56, § 146;

so in a figure, of a thunderbolt: ut vos iisdem ignibus circumsaepti me primum ictum pro vobis et fumantem videretis,

Cic. Har. Resp. 21, 45; cf.: exin candida se radiis dedit icta foras lux (i. e. Aurora), struck with rays, irradiated, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 93 Vahl.).—

With a homogeneous object: Icere colaphum, to give a box on the ear:

hei, colaphum icit,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 65.—

Trop.

In partic., icere foedus, like ferire and percutere foedus (v. ferio and percutio, I. B. fin.), to make a covenant or league:

foedus, quod meo sanguine in pactione provinciarum iceras, frangere noluisti,

Cic. Pis. 12, 28:

cum Gaditanis foedus icisse dicitur,

id. Balb. 15, 34; Cael. ap. Prisc. p. 886 P.:

orsi a foedere quod nobiscum icerant,

Tac. 12, 62 —

(Perh. not ante - Aug.) Desideriis icta fidelibus Quaerit patria Caesarem, smitten, tormented, Hor. C. 4, 5, 15:

novā re consules icti,

disturbed, Liv. 27, 9, 8; cf. id. 34, 17, 5:

conscientiā ictus,

id. 33, 28, 1:

metu icta,

id. 1, 16 et saep.:

haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,

panic - stricken, id. 8, 9, 12:

domestico vulnere ictus,

by family affliction, Tac. Agr. 29:

si existunt, qui magnitudinem multum ultra se positam non icturi appetant,

reach, attain, Sen. Const. Sap. 3 med. —

Poet.:

saltat Milonius, ut semel icto Accessit fervor capiti numerusque lucernis,

i. e. smitten with wine, tipsy, Hor. S. 2, 1, 25.