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longer-lasting

  • 61 stand

    [stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
    1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stát
    2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) vstát
    3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stát
    4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) platit
    5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stát
    6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) stát (si)
    7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) být
    8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) postavit
    9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) podřídit se; snášet
    10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) zaplatit
    2. noun
    1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) stanoviště; bojovné stanovisko
    2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) stojan
    3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) stánek
    4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) tribuna
    5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) svědecká lavice
    - standing 3. noun
    1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) trvání
    2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) postavení
    4. adjective
    ((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) náhradní
    5. adverb
    (travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) jako náhradník
    - standing-room
    - make someone's hair stand on end
    - stand aside
    - stand back
    - stand by
    - stand down
    - stand fast/firm
    - stand for
    - stand in
    - stand on one's own two feet
    - stand on one's own feet
    - stand out
    - stand over
    - stand up for
    - stand up to
    * * *
    • vydržet
    • vystát
    • postavit
    • stoj
    • stand/stood/stood
    • stojí
    • stát
    • stativ

    English-Czech dictionary > stand

  • 62 stand

    [stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
    1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stáť
    2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) vstať
    3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stáť
    4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) platiť
    5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stáť
    6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) stáť
    7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) kandidovať
    8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) postaviť
    9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) stáť; zniesť
    10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) zaplatiť
    2. noun
    1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) stanovisko; postoj
    2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) stojan
    3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) stánok
    4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) tribúna
    5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) svedecká lavica
    - standing 3. noun
    1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) trvajúci dlho
    2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) postavenie
    4. adjective
    ((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) náhradný
    5. adverb
    (travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) ako náhradník
    - standing-room
    - make someone's hair stand on end
    - stand aside
    - stand back
    - stand by
    - stand down
    - stand fast/firm
    - stand for
    - stand in
    - stand on one's own two feet
    - stand on one's own feet
    - stand out
    - stand over
    - stand up for
    - stand up to
    * * *
    • vanút
    • ustálit sa
    • vystavovat
    • vzdorovat
    • vylúhovat sa
    • zaplatit
    • zastavenie
    • zastávka
    • zniet
    • znášat
    • sledovat kurz
    • stojan
    • stát
    • stanovisko
    • stanovište
    • stolcek
    • stojaté postavenie
    • strpiet
    • statív
    • stoj
    • stánok
    • trvat
    • úroda
    • usadit sa
    • tribúna
    • pripustit
    • prenajímat
    • hladisko
    • držat
    • expozícia
    • hrat z ruky
    • byt zoradený
    • byt v platnosti
    • byt k dispozícii
    • byt stály
    • byt pripravený
    • byt situovaný
    • byt platný
    • celit
    • byt chovaný v stajni
    • byt vysoký
    • byt stojatý
    • rozkladat sa
    • regál
    • rozhodovat
    • platit
    • oplodnovat
    • pódium
    • podstavec
    • pozícia
    • policka
    • poloha
    • pozícia v stoji
    • podriadit sa
    • požiciavat
    • postavit
    • kúpit
    • kotvište
    • mat platnost
    • mat polohu
    • neblednút
    • nepúštat
    • natiahnut
    • obrana
    • odolat

    English-Slovak dictionary > stand

  • 63 stand

    [stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
    1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) στέκομαι
    2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) στέκομαι,σηκώνομαι όρθιος
    3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) στέκω
    4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) παραμένω,ισχύω
    5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) στέκω
    6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) στέκω,υφίσταμαι,είμαι σε κατάσταση
    7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) θέτω υποψηφιότητα
    8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) στήνω(όρθιο),ακουμπώ,βάζω
    9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) δικάζομαι/υποφέρω,ανέχομαι
    10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) κερνώ
    2. noun
    1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) θέση
    2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) βάθρο,στήριγμα,βάση
    3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) πάγκος,περίπτερο
    4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) εξέδρα
    5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) θέση εξεταζόμενου μάρτυρα
    - standing 3. noun
    1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) διάρκεια
    2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) (κοινωνική κλπ.)θέση,υπόληψη
    4. adjective
    ((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) σε κατάσταση αναμονής
    5. adverb
    (travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) σε κατάσταση αναμονής
    - standing-room
    - make someone's hair stand on end
    - stand aside
    - stand back
    - stand by
    - stand down
    - stand fast/firm
    - stand for
    - stand in
    - stand on one's own two feet
    - stand on one's own feet
    - stand out
    - stand over
    - stand up for
    - stand up to

    English-Greek dictionary > stand

  • 64 durable

    Англо-русский синонимический словарь > durable

  • 65 длительный

    long имя прилагательное:
    prolonged (длительный, затянувшийся)
    long-time (длительный, долгосрочный)

    Русско-английский синонимический словарь > длительный

  • 66 lentus

    lentus, a, um, adj. [cf. lenis], pliant, flexible, tough, tenacious, sticky, viscous (syn.: flexilis, tardus, serus).
    I.
    Lit.:

    viburna,

    Verg. E. 1, 26:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 3, 38:

    genistae,

    id. G. 2, 12:

    rami,

    id. ib. 4, 558:

    flagellum,

    Phaedr. 3, 6, 6:

    verbera,

    i. e. produced with the limber whip, Verg. G. 3, 208:

    argentum,

    id. A. 7, 634; Cat. 61, 106; Tib. 4, 1, 171:

    lentior salicis virgis,

    Ov. M. 13, 800:

    gluten visco et pice lentius,

    tougher, more tenacious, Verg. G. 4, 41:

    ita istaec nimis lenta vincla sunt escaria,

    adhesive, tenacious, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 18; cf.:

    lentis adhaerens brachiis,

    Her. Epod. 15, 6:

    quoniam mas (aron) esset in coquendo lentior,

    Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 143.—
    B.
    Transf., slow, sluggish, immovable:

    tellus lenta gelu,

    Prop. 4 (5), 3, 39:

    amnis,

    Plin. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

    in lento luctantur marmore tonsae,

    sluggish, motionless, Verg. A. 7, 28:

    lento pilo,

    Tib. 4, 1, 90:

    asinus,

    Phaedr. 1, 15, 7:

    uteri pondera lenta,

    immovable, heavy, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 96 (100):

    herba durior et in coquendo lentior,

    slower, longer, Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 143:

    venenum,

    Tac. A. 6, 32:

    remedia,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13; Suet. Tib. 73:

    miserum populum Romanum, qui sub tam lentis maxillis erit,

    id. ib. 21:

    lentaque fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 7, 47:

    funus matris,

    slow in coming, id. 6, 565.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Lasting or continuing long:

    militiae,

    Tib. 1, 3, 82:

    amor,

    id. 1, 4, 81:

    spes,

    Ov. H. 2, 9:

    tranquillitatis lentissimae taedium,

    Sen. Ep. 70:

    lentus abesto,

    remain long away, Ov. R. Am. 243:

    vivacitas adeo lenta,

    persistent, Plin. 8, 27, 41, § 100.—
    B.
    Slow, lingering, lazy:

    lentus in dicendo,

    drawling, Cic. Brut. 48:

    mortis genus,

    Suet. Caes. 87:

    si lentus pigrā muniret castra dolabra,

    Juv. 8, 248:

    ira deorum,

    id. 13, 100.—
    (β).
    With gen.:

    lentus coepti,

    Sil. 3, 176.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    nec Idalia lenta incaluisse sagitta,

    Sil. 5, 19.—
    2.
    Of bad payers, slow, backward:

    infitiatores,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10:

    negotium,

    tedious, id. Att. 1, 12; 1, 13 fin.
    C.
    Of character, easy, calm, indifferent, unconcerned, phlegmatic, sluggish, obstinate:

    ut multa verba feci, ut lenta materies fuit,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 4:

    genus ridiculi patientis ac lenti,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 69:

    nimium patiens et lentus existimor,

    id. ib. 2, 75:

    Hannibalem lenti spectamus,

    Liv. 22, 14:

    lentus in suo dolore,

    Tac. A. 3, 70:

    tu, Tityre, lentus in umbra,

    at ease, Verg. E. 1, 4: lentissima pectora, insensible, cold (to love), Ov. H. 15, 169.—
    * D.
    (Pliant, hence) Ready, willing, Lucil. ap. Non. 22, 32, and 338, 13.—Hence, adv.: lentē, slowly, without haste, leisurely.
    1.
    Lit.:

    lente ac paulatim proceditur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 80:

    currere,

    Ov. Am. 1, 13, 40:

    corpora lente augescunt, cito exstinguuntur,

    Tac. Agr. 3:

    Nilus evagari incipit, lente primo, deinde vehementius,

    Plin. 18, 18, 47, § 167. — Comp.:

    ipse cum reliquis copiis lentius subsequitur,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 40.— Sup.:

    asinus lentissime mandit,

    Col. 2, 15.—
    * b.
    Transf., pliantly, readily:

    arida ligna lentius serrae cedunt,

    Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 227. —
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Calmly, dispassionately, indifferently:

    aliquid lente ferre,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 338, 9:

    agere,

    Liv. 1, 10: respondere, to answer [p. 1051] cooly, phlegmatically, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287. — Comp.:

    sed haec videri possunt odiosiora, cum lentius disputantur,

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10:

    quid lentius, celerius dicendum,

    Quint. 1, 8, 1.—
    b.
    In a good sense, calmly, considerately, attentively:

    nisi eum (librum) lente ac fastidiose probavissem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 1, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lentus

  • 67 survival

    1. n выживание; выживаемость
    2. n срок существования; долговечность
    3. n пережиток
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. emergency (adj.) emergency; lifesaving; supporting; sustaining
    2. living (noun) living; maintenance; subsistence
    3. staying alive (noun) clinging to life; continuation; durability; endurance; lasting; living longer; staying; staying alive
    Антонимический ряд:

    English-Russian base dictionary > survival

  • 68 Irish Beetle Finish

    A finish given to linen fabrics which produces a soft, full, thready feel with glossy surface. The cloth remains fresh and bright much longer than fabrics finished by any other method. No filling mixtures, except a little starch, is used, so that the finish is a lasting one and is not affected by heat or cold, or by dry or damp atmosphere. The cloth is wound on iron or wooden beams and is subjected to a rapid succession of elastic blows from a series of hammers. After beetling a gloss is given to the fabric by calendering.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Irish Beetle Finish

  • 69 stand

    [stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
    1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) être debout
    2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) se mettre debout
    3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) rester
    4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) maintenir
    5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) s'élever
    6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) dans l'état oû, dans ces conditions
    7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) être candidat (à)
    8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) poser (droit/debout)
    9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) supporter
    10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) offrir
    2. noun
    1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) poste
    2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) support
    3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) étalage
    4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) tribune
    5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) barre
    - standing 3. noun
    1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) durée
    2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) importance
    4. adjective
    ((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) sans garantie
    5. adverb
    (travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) sans garantie
    - standing-room - make someone's hair stand on end - stand aside - stand back - stand by - stand down - stand fast/firm - stand for - stand in - stand on one's own two feet - stand on one's own feet - stand out - stand over - stand up for - stand up to

    English-French dictionary > stand

  • 70 stand

    [stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
    1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) ficar em pé
    2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) levantar-se
    3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) ficar
    4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) permanecer
    5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) ficar
    6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) estar
    7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) candidatar-se
    8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) pôr em pé
    9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) agüentar, submeter-se a
    10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) oferecer
    2. noun
    1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) posição
    2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) suporte
    3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) estande
    4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) tribuna, arquibancada
    5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) barra
    - standing 3. noun
    1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) duração
    2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) reputação
    4. adjective
    ((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) sem reserva, em lista de espera
    5. adverb
    (travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) sem reserva
    - standing-room - make someone's hair stand on end - stand aside - stand back - stand by - stand down - stand fast/firm - stand for - stand in - stand on one's own two feet - stand on one's own feet - stand out - stand over - stand up for - stand up to

    English-Portuguese (Brazil) dictionary > stand

  • 71 Catholic church

       The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.
       In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.
       Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.
       The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.
       With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.
       After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.
       Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Catholic church

  • 72 ὑπερήμερος

    A over the day for payment, after which the debtor became liable to have his goods seized, Lex ap. D.21.10, Syngr. ap. eund.35.12, IG5(2).6.44 (Tegea, iv B. C.);

    ὑ. γενέσθαι τινί D.47.75

    ;

    ὑ. γενόμενος ἑπτὰ μνῶν Antipho 5.63

    , cf. Lys. 23.14; τὸ ὑπεράμερον τῶν ὀδέων the penalty for unpunctual delivery of.., IG42(1).109 ii 150 (Epid., iii B. C.); λαβὼν ὑπερήμερόν τινα, i.e. having a right to distrain upon him, D.21.81;

    ἑάλω ὑ. Ach.Tat.4.42

    : c. gen.,

    ὑ. τῆς προθεσμίας Luc.Pisc.52

    ; also of the debt,

    τῆς δίκης ὑ. γίγνεσθαι Plu.2.548d

    ; ὑ. δικαιωτής adjourning the penalty, ib.549d.
    II metaph., ὑ. μοι τῶν γάμων αἱ παρθένοι past the time of marriage, Anaxandr.68; ὑ. τῆς ζωῆς past the term of life, Luc. Philops.25; ὑ. τῆς ἀκροάσεως too old to listen, Philostr.Ep.68.
    2 of things, τοῦ ἰδίου βίου φθέγξασθαί τι ὑ. lasting beyond one's own life, Longin.14.3; ὡς ὑ. γίγνεσθαι τἀληθὲς τοῦ ἑκάστου βίου the search for truth lasts longer than the individual's life, Luc.Herm.67.
    b time-expired,

    μήπω τοῦ πένθους ὑπερημέρου.. γεγονότος Ph.2.169

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπερήμερος

  • 73 من

    مِن \ by: (showing how sth. is done): We hold things by the handle. We know people by name. We learn by experience. We earn money by working. from: showing the time that sth. started: I waited from six o’clock till eight, showing where sth. began or was obtained Are men descended from monkeys? He read aloud from the newspaper, showing cause He suffered from stomach pains, showing the lower limit of costs, numbers, etc. New bicycles cost from $60 to $90 each, showing a change The price rose from 20 pence to 25 pence, showing difference I don’t know one from the other, showing the place that one has left He arrived from Glasgow. of: (after a noun) showing contents, amount, kind, etc.: a cup of coffee (a cup that contains coffee); a cupful of coffee (enough coffee to fill a cup); a pound of sugar (sugar that weighs a pound); a piece of bread (not a whole loaf), (after an adj. or verb) concerning; about: I’m sure of it. She’s afraid of mice, (after a verb) showing a cause He died of hunger, (after an adj.) showing who did sth. and how he did it It was kind of your father to invite me (Your father was kind...), (after a participle) showing how sth. is formed a dress made of silk. than: used in comparing two objects; here the second subject and verb are always left out: I like you better than him (I like you better than I like him), used in comparing two subjects; it is better to put in the second verb, although some writers leave it out He is taller than I (am). He runs faster than I (do). \ مِن أَجْل \ because of: as a result of: Because of his illness, he could not travel. for: because of: He jumped for joy. She was sent to prison for stealing. for sb. to do sth.: that sb. should do sth.: I’m anxious for him to pass his exams. sake, for the sake of, for sb.’s sake: for the desire of: Why ruin your health for the sake of a little pleasure?, for the good of; so as to help: Soldiers die for the sake of their county (or for their country’s sake). Don’t take any risks for my sake. towards: as a help to: He gave me $5 towards the cost of my bicycle. \ مِن أَجْل ذلك \ hence: (often with no verb) for this reason: My car broke down; hence my late arrival. \ مِن أحدث طِراز \ up to date: up to the present moment; modern; knowing or showing the latest facts: Give me an up-to-date report on political events in South America. \ مِن أَصْل \ out: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ preferably: if possible: Any day suits me, but preferably not Sunday. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ had better: would be wise to: You had better try again tomorrow. \ See Also الأَجْدى لِـ \ مِن الآن \ hence: from now: A week hence I shall be in Rome. \ مِن... إلى \ from... to...: (without a or the) showing passage of time, distance in space, or repeated action: He visits me from time to time. He went from house to house in search of work. \ مِن آن إلى آخر \ every now and again, every now and then: again and again, but with no regular space between. \ مِن الآن فَصَاعِدًا \ henceforth, henceforward: from now on; in future. on: onwards: From now on I shall be more careful. \ مِن البداية إلى النهاية \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن بَعْدُ \ since: after; during the period after: I saw him on Tuesday, but I haven’t seen him since. I’ve been thinking about him ever since. \ مِن بَعيد \ from afar: from a great distance. \ مِن بَين \ out of: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن ثَمَّ \ subsequently: afterwards: He became ill in the winter, and subsequently died. \ مِن جَانِبٍ إِلَى آخر \ across: form one side to the other: Run across before a car comes. The river is half a mile across. over: so that a different side is upwards: Turn the page over. Roll the body over. \ مِن جَديد \ afresh: again; making a new beginning: Tear up this page and start afresh. \ مِن جَمِيع الجهَات \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن جَمِيع الوُجوه تقريبًا \ to all intents and purposes: in regard to all that matters: To all intents and purposes, the work is finished (though a few unimportant points remain to be dealt with). \ مِن جِهة \ in respect of, with respect to, respecting: concerning: a bill in respect of car repairs. on the part of: in the case of; so far as sb. is concerned: There was no mistake on her part (If there was a mistake, it was not hers). \ مِن جهة ومِن الجهة الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن الحديد \ iron: made of iron; as strong as iron: an iron bar; an iron will. \ مِن حُسن التوفيق \ happily: fortunately: Happily, he was not hurt in the accident. a good job: a fortunate thing: It’s a good job that you crossed before the bridge fell. fortunately: adv. as the result of good fortune: He fell down but fortunately did not hurt himself. \ See Also لحسن الحظ (لِحُسْنِ الحَظّ)‏ \ مِن حَوْل \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن حَيْثُ شَخْصُهُ \ personally: as a person (in regard to character); socially: I like him personally, but I dislike his political ideas. \ مِن حِين لآخَر \ occasional: happening sometimes, but not regularly: We had an occasional quarrel. now and again, now and then: sometimes. \ مِن خِلال \ through: from one side to the other; from one end to the other: He drove a nail through (the board). A river ran through (the town). Water runs through pipes. I looked through the window, but I couldn’t see far through the mist. I read through my notes. \ مِن الدرجة الأولى \ first-class, first-rate: of the best quality: He is a first-class photographer. \ مِن سُخْرِية الأقدار \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِنَ الشرق \ eastern: belonging to the east. \ مِن صُنْعِ اليَد \ hand-made: made by hand, not by a machine: Hand-made shoes. \ مِن الضروريّ أن كما \ must: (p.t.. had to, neg.. needn’t, don’t/didn’t need to; don’t/didn’t have to) need to: You must go now, mustn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t go yet. \ مِن الطبيعيّ \ it goes without saying (that): naturally; of course: The invitation was sent to me; but it goes without saying that my wife is included. \ مِن الطراز القديم \ old-fashioned: (of people) holding on to old ideas and customs; (of things) not modern; no longer used. \ مِن طَرَف لآخر \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن عَجيب التَّقادِير \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِن عَلى ظهر السفينة \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن غَيْر \ without: not with; not having: Without doubt, this is the best. I did it without his help. He took my bicycle without asking me. \ مِن غَيْر حَرَج \ freely: readily: They freely accepted my advice. \ مِنَ الفراء \ fur: animal skin, with the fur on it, used as clothing: a coat with a collar of fur; a fur hat. \ مِنَ الفِراش \ up: out of bed: I get up at 6.30 every morning. We stayed up very late last night. \ مِن فَضْلِك \ kindly: please!: kindly close the door!. please: (when asking) giving a polite order: Please stop that noise. A cup of coffee, please, asking for a favour or for permission Will you help me, please? Please, may I use your pen?. \ مِن فَوْق \ over: across, from one side of sth. to the other: He jumped over the fence. The gate was locked, so he climbed over. \ مِن فَوق سَطْح المَرْكَب \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن قَبْل \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; a short while ago. already: before this time: She’s already married. before: at an earlier time (than): I have been here before. beforehand: before; early; in readiness: If you want your dinner early, warn the cook beforehand. \ مِن قِبَل \ by: (showing who or what did sth.): He was bitten by a dog. \ مِن قَلْبٍ مُخْلص \ heartily: thoroughly: I heartily agree with you. \ مِنَ المُؤسِف \ pity: (with a) an unfortunate fact or happening: It’s a pity that you can’t go with us to the cinema. \ مِنَ المُحَتَّم \ bound, (bind, bound) to: certain to: He’s bound to win. \ See Also المُؤَكَّد أَنّ \ مِنَ المُحْتَمَل \ likely: (usu. with very, most, more or quite) probably: She’s very likely right. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired. \ مِن مُدّةٍ قريبة \ the other day: a few days ago: I met your son the other day. \ مِن المَرْتَبَة أو الدَّرَجة الثّانِية \ second-class: of the next level below that of top quality: The less comfortable second-class seats were much cheaper than the first-class ones. \ مِن المَفْروض أنّ \ be supposed to: to have a duty to; be expected to: You’re supposed to be working now, not playing. You’re not supposed to be here (You ought not be here). \ مِن مَكانٍ لآخَر \ about: from place to place in: We wandered about the town. \ مِن المُمْكِن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (with an if clause, showing a possibility that depends on sth. else) would be able to: She could buy it if you lent her the money. possibly: perhaps: Possibly you can help. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired.. \ مِنَ المُمْكِن أن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (showing a simple possibility): You could telephone her (if you wanted to). might: expressing a weak possibility (future, present or past): She might do that tomorrow; she might be doing it at this moment; she might even have done it already (but I doubt that she has done it or ever will do it). \ مِنْ ناحية... مِنَ الناحية الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن النّاحية النظريّة \ in theory: as an idea; according to ideas: Your plan may work in theory, but it will not work in practice. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ earl: the title of a British nobleman. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ noble: of high rank: a woman of noble birth. \ See Also الأشراف \ مِنْ نِتاج الوَطَن \ home-grown: (of food) grown in one’s own country, not in another country: home-grown vegetables. \ مِنْ نُسْخَتَين \ in duplicate: on two separate copies: Please complete this list in duplicate. \ مِنْ نَسْل \ descendant: sb. who is descended from a person: a descendant of Queen Victoria. \ See Also ذرية (ذُرِّيَّة)‏ \ مِنْ نَفْس البَلَد \ countryman, countrymen: (usu. fellow countryman) a person of the same nation as another. \ مِنْ نوع راق \ classical: of proved and lasting value: classical music. \ مَنْ هُم أَعْلَى مقَامًا \ betters, one’s betters: those who have more experience or higher rank than onself: Treat your betters with more respect. \ See Also أَرْفَع شَأنًا مِن \ مِن هُنَا \ away: (with verbs of movement) to a distance: Go away! We drove the dog away. by: past: Please let me (get) by. He smiled as he went by. \ مَن هو أَعْلَى دَرَجَةً \ superior: sb. of higher rank: You must obey your superiors. \ مِن واجبه أن \ up to: the duty of: It’s up to his father to punish him. \ مِن وَاحِد إلى آخَر \ over: across, from one person to another: She handed over the keys to a friend. \ مِن الواضح \ much: (in comparison; before most, etc.) without doubt; clearly: He is much the most experienced player in the team. \ مِن وَراءِ ظَهْرِه \ behind sb.’s back: when someone is not present: He tells untrue stories about me behind my back. \ مِن وَقْت لاِخَر \ now and again: sometimes. off and on, on and off: not continuously; at one time and another: It has been raining off and on the whole day. sometimes: at certain times but not always: Sometimes I win and sometimes I don’t. England sometimes has a hot summer, but not often.

    Arabic-English dictionary > من

  • 74 Knowledge

       It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)
       It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.
       But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)
       Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).
       Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])
       Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....
       This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)
       Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)
       Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)
       "Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.
       Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge

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