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121 πρῶτος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `foremost, first' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. Boeot. πρᾶτος.Compounds: As 1. member very productive, e.g. πρωτό-γονος `first-born' (ep. poet. Il.).Derivatives: 1. Superlative πρώτ-ιστα (adv.) `first of all', - ιστος (ep. poet. Il.), Dor. (Thera) πράτιστος `the very first' (Seiler Steigerungsformen 105). 2. πρωτ-εῖον n. `first prize, first rank' (Att.); - ειος `of the first rank'. 3. - εύω `to be first' (Att.) with the backformation πρωτεύς adjunct to λαός (Tim. Pers. 248; cf. Wil. ad loc.). Several shortnames, e.g. Πρωτ-εύς m. Seagod (Od. etc.; Bosshardt 128f.), - τέας, - τίων, Πρατ-ίνας, - ύλος etc. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 387). -- On Πρω-τεσί-λαος, - λεως (Il. etc.) s. Risch $ 71 a.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [814] XX [unknown]Etymology: As with the cardinals (cf. οἶος, εἷς and Kretschmer Einl. 10ff.) deviate also with the ordinals, a. even stronger, the expressions for the singular from one another. In Greek πρῶτος, πρᾶτος as innovation joined the sequence τρίτος, τέταρτος etc.; the initial syllable is explained in diff. ways. Most obvious is to compare, πρῶ-, πρᾶ-(τος) with Lith. pìr-mas, Skt. pū́r-va-, Av. paur-va- as representing a zero grade pr̥̄-, i.e. *pr̥H-; the variation πρω-: πρᾱ- can, if not old (Lejeune BSL 29, 117ff.), be explained as partial adaptation to πρό, πρότερος though it is not clear how this would have come about. DELG says that *pr̥H- can give both πρᾱ- and πρω-, but the first requires *pr̥h₂-, the second *pr̥h₃-, so the two cannot come from the same form. A basis *πρό-ατος, for πρῶτος possible, is not possible for πρᾶτος. Schwyzer 361 and 250 w. lit.; s. also on πρῳ̃ ρα and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 563. Older lit. in Bq. Cf. Beekes Development 214f.Page in Frisk: 2,609-610Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρῶτος
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122 πτέρνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `heel', also metaph. of the lower part of several objects etc. (ep. Ion. poet., Arist., hell.).Other forms: second. - νᾰ(LXX).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. πτερνο-κοπίς f. "heel-pusher", nickname (middl. a. new com.; Wackernagel Unt. 196); *ὑπό-πτερνος `under the heel' in ὑποπτερν-ίς, - ίδος f. `base, underlay' (Ph. a. Hero Bel.).Derivatives: πτερν-ίς, - ίδος f. `foot of a bowl' (middl. com.), - ίζω `to hit with the heel, trip one up, to supplant someone out of his position, to provide a shoe with a new heel' (LXX, Com. Adesp.) with - ιστής m. (Ph.), - ισμός m. (LXX). -- On itself stands, with unclear meaning development, πτέρνιξ, - ῐκος m. `main stem of a cactus' (Arist.), beside which τέρνακα τῆς κάκτου τοῦ φυτοῦ καυλόν H., s.v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [823] *tpersnā `heel'Etymology: Old designation of the heel also used of the haunch (Lat.) or the loin (Hitt.): Lat. perna, Germ., e.g. Goth. fairzna f., Hitt. paršina-(= paršna-; with paršnāi- `squat down'), IE * persnā. Beside it in Indo-Iran. with secondary vowellength (soc. vr̥ddhiformation; Benveniste BSL 50, 41 f.) Skt. pā́rṣṇi- f., Av. pāšna- n. `heel'. Initial πτ-, then, is unoriginal and unxplained as in πτίσσω, πτόλεμος and πτόλις (s. vv. w. lit.); it will represent an original * tpersn-. WP. 2, 50f., Pok. 823, W.-Hofmann s. perna, Mayrhofer s. pā́rṣniḥ; older lit. in Bq. -- On late πτέρνα `ham' s. πέρνα.Page in Frisk: 2,611-612Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτέρνη
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123 σβέννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `quench, to extinguish, to be extinguished, extinct (IA.).Other forms: - ύω (Pi., Hp. a. o.), aor. σβέσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. σβεσθῆναι (IA.), fut. σβέσω (A., E. a. o.); midd. σβέννυμαι (Hes.), aor. σβῆναι (Il.), fut. σβήσομαι (Pl. a. o.), perf. ἔσβηκα (A.), ἔσβεσμαι (Parm. a.o.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. ἀπο- and κατα- (on the use in Hom. Graz Le feu dans l'Il. et l'Od.259ff.).Derivatives: σβέ-σις ( ἀπό-, κατά- σβέννυμι) f. `extinction, putting out' (Arist. etc.), σβεσ-τήρ, - τῆρος m. `extinguisher' (Plu.; not quite certain), - τήριος `useful for extinguishing' (Th. etc.), - τικός `id.' (Arist. etc.); ἄ-σβεσ-τος `unextinguishable' (Hom. a.o.; σβεστός Nonn.), f. (sc. τίτανος) `unslaked lime' (Dsc., Plu. a. o.) with ἀσβεστ-ήριοι and - ωσις H. as explanation of κονιαταί resp. κονίασις. -- Deviating the aor. κατα-σβῶσαι (Herod.). -- Besides some H.glossen: ζείναμεν (- υμεν?) σβέννυμεν, ἐζίνα (for - είν-) ἐπεσβέννυεν, ἀποζίννυται (cod. - ξ-; for - ζείν-) ἀποσβέννυται; ζόασον σβέσον; ζοάσ\< εις\> σ[ε]βέσεις.Etymology: The above formal system is as a whole built on the root σβεσ- in σβέσ-σαι and ἄ-σβεσ-τος. To the aorist σβέσ(σ)αι joined σβέννυμι from *σβέσ-νυ-μι (on the phonetics Schwyzer 697), σβέσω, σβεσθῆναι, ἔσβεσμαι. To this came as innovation ἔσβην, σβῆναι (after ἔστην, ἐκάην, ἐάγην etc.), to which came σβήσομαι, ἔσβηκα. On itself stands κατα-σβῶσαι, which may have an old lengthened grade (cf. below), but which can also with ζόασον, ζοάσεις (s. ab.) be understood as an iterativ (from *σβοῆσαι) of uncertain date. Cf. (with partly diff. view) Schwyzer 719 and 743 w. n. 1. From the byforms with ζ-, ζείναμεν etc., one can conclude for σβέσ(σ)αι, σβέννυμι to an IE * sgʷes-, which cannot be separated from other verbs for `extinguish': Lith. gęs-tù, gès-ti `extinguish, die out', caus. ges-aũ, -ýti `extinguish', Slav., e.g. OCS u-gašǫ, u-gasiti `extinguish' (IE * gʷōs-; also in - σβῶσαι?; s. ab.), Toch. AB käs- `extinguish'; prob. also Skt. jásate `is extinguished', jāsayati `exhaust'. Hitt. kišt-'be extinguished, perish' (e.g. 3. sg. kištari) is however incompatable with the labiovelar in σβέννυμι. If we posit a pure velar g, which is possible for all other languages, σβέννυμαι must be separated. -- Through the initial σ- Greek is distinguished from its cognates. Prob. it concerns a prefix (after Prellwitz s. v. a mutilated ἐξ-). Diff. Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.2 I 590) and Schwyzer 743 n. 1 (to be rejected). -- Further forms from the diff. languages with uncertain hypotheses and older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 693f. (Pok. 479f.); s. also Fraenkel Wb. s. gèsti, Vasmer s. gasítь, W.-Hofmann s. sēgnis.Page in Frisk: 2,685-686Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σβέννυμι
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124 σκινδαλμός
σκινδαλμός, σκινδάλαμοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `splinter, hair-splitting etc.' (Dsc., Alciphr.), also σκινδάλαμος (Ar., Luc. a.o.), also σχινδαλμός, σχιδαλαμός a.o. (v. l. Hp. Mul. 2, 133).Derivatives: Besides σκινδύλιον n. `shingle' (Delph. IIa), ἀνα-σχινδυλεύω `to pierce' (Pl.), - σκινδυλεύω, - σκινδαλεύω (H., EM, Phryn.), after σκυλεύω, σκαλεύω a.o.; σχινδύλησις f. `split' (Hp. ap. Gal.). 2. On σκιδαρόν ἀραιόν H. s.v. 3. On σκοῖδος s.v. On all the words under C in Frisk s. Hiersche Ten. asp. 215ff. w. lit.; there also on the initial σχ-.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S, V)Etymology: The group has nothing to do with σχίζω: σχίζω never has σκ-, and it never has - νδ-. The variation κ\/χ is Pre-Greek, but the χ may also have been taken from σχίζω. The suffix - αλμ- is not IE, but it is Pre-Greek, cf. ὀφθαλμός (s. v.); thus Beekes Devel. 193f., FS Kortlandt. The second α is a secondary prop vowel, which is requent in Pre-Greek (Furnée 378-385). The suffix - υλ- too is Pre-Greek. On the other forms I have no opinion ( σκοιδ-, σκινδυλ-; not in Furnée).See also: s. σχίζω.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκινδαλμός
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125 σκινδάλαμος
σκινδαλμός, σκινδάλαμοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `splinter, hair-splitting etc.' (Dsc., Alciphr.), also σκινδάλαμος (Ar., Luc. a.o.), also σχινδαλμός, σχιδαλαμός a.o. (v. l. Hp. Mul. 2, 133).Derivatives: Besides σκινδύλιον n. `shingle' (Delph. IIa), ἀνα-σχινδυλεύω `to pierce' (Pl.), - σκινδυλεύω, - σκινδαλεύω (H., EM, Phryn.), after σκυλεύω, σκαλεύω a.o.; σχινδύλησις f. `split' (Hp. ap. Gal.). 2. On σκιδαρόν ἀραιόν H. s.v. 3. On σκοῖδος s.v. On all the words under C in Frisk s. Hiersche Ten. asp. 215ff. w. lit.; there also on the initial σχ-.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S, V)Etymology: The group has nothing to do with σχίζω: σχίζω never has σκ-, and it never has - νδ-. The variation κ\/χ is Pre-Greek, but the χ may also have been taken from σχίζω. The suffix - αλμ- is not IE, but it is Pre-Greek, cf. ὀφθαλμός (s. v.); thus Beekes Devel. 193f., FS Kortlandt. The second α is a secondary prop vowel, which is requent in Pre-Greek (Furnée 378-385). The suffix - υλ- too is Pre-Greek. On the other forms I have no opinion ( σκοιδ-, σκινδυλ-; not in Furnée).See also: s. σχίζω.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκινδάλαμος
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126 σκῦτος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `prepared skin, leather, leather thong' (ξ 34).Compounds: Compp., e.g. σκυτο-τόμος m. `leather-worker, cobbler' (H 221); as 2. member in δωδεκά-σκυτος `consisting of twelve leather strips' (Pl.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σκυτ-άριον n., - ίς f. (hell. a. late). 2. adj. - ινος `leathern' (IA.), - ικός `belonging to leather(-work)', ἡ -ικη τέχνη `cobbler's job' (Pl., Arist. a. o.), - ώδης `leather-like' (Arist.). 3. subst. - εύς m. `cobbler' (Att.) with - εῖον, - εύω, - εία, - ευσις (Hp., Att. etc.; Bosshardt 50). 4. verb - όομαι in ἐσκυτωμένος `coated with leather' (Att. inscr., Plb. a. o.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No immediate non-Greek agreement. The other languages have several comparable words for `skin v. t.', but all without initial s-: with long vowel as in σκῦτος the Germ. word for `skin', e.g. OHG hūt, PGm * hūði-, IE * kūt-i-; with short vowel Lat. cŭtis `skin', Lith. kutỹs `pouch around the body, money-bag'; with diphthong (full grade) OPr. keuto `skin', IE * keutā, Lith. kiáutas `case, envelop, shell'; further forms in WP. 2, 549f., Pok. 952, W.-Hofmann s. cutis. If prop. *'cover', one may consider further connection with σκῦλα, ἐπισκύνιον; s. vv. All kinds of combinations in Specht Ursprung 208, 226 a. 237. Cf. also κεύθω. -- Lat. scūtum `shield' is ambivalent; s. W.-Hofmann s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,744-745Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκῦτος
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127 σομφός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `spongy, loose, porous', also metaphor. of sounds (Hp., Alex., Arist. etc.).Derivatives: σομφ-ώδης `id.' (Thphr. a. o.), - ότης f. `porosity' (Arist.), - όομαι `to become spongy' (Aët.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Of old (s. Curtius 380) connected with the Germ. word for `fungus, tadstool' in OHG. svamp, - bes, svam, - mes, OSwed. svamper, OWNo. suǫppr, Goth. swamm (acc.), OE. svamm m. (with varying final; not convincing Specht Ursprung 268 f.); on the initial cf. σέλας. Wanderwort?; DELG thinks that a `Wanderwort' as for σπόγγοςis inprobable. Cf. Hester Lingua 13, 1965, 376. -- WP. 2, 534f., Pok. 1052; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,753-754Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σομφός
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128 σοῦσον 2
σοῦσον 2.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `cable (of a ship)'Other forms: as v. l. beside οὖσον φ 390 (for ὅπλον) and Antim. Fr. 57, 2 W. ( Coll. Alex. p. 250); οὖσον n. `id.' (Lyc., Alex. Aet., H.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. The variating initial goes back on a scriptio continua in φ 390.Page in Frisk: 2,754Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σοῦσον 2
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