ictus+l

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* * *

ictus, a, um, Part., from ico.

ictus, ūs ( gen. sing. icti, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17), m. [ico], a blow, stroke, stab, thrust, bite, sting (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

pro ictu gladiatoris,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

neque ictu comminus neque conjectione telorum,

id. Caecin. 15, 43:

scutis uno ictu pilorum transfixis et colligatis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

non caecis ictibus procul ex improviso vulnerabantur,

Liv. 34, 14, 11:

ictu scorpionis exanimato altero,

Caes. B. G. 7, 25, 3:

prope funeratus Arboris ictu,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 8:

ictus moenium cum terribili sonitu editi,

Liv. 38, 5, 3:

apri,

Ov. M. 8, 362; Hor. C. 3, 22, 7:

serpentum,

Plin. 23, 1, 11, § 14:

Lesbium servate pedem meique Pollicis ictum,

a striking, playing on the lyre, Hor. C. 4, 6, 36:

alae,

the stroke of a wing, Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 9:

pennarum,

id. 6, 12, 13, § 32:

Phaethon ictu fulminis deflagravit,

a stroke of lightning, lightning, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

fulmineus,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 11; Ov. M. 14, 618.— Poet., of the beating rays of the sun:

tum spissa ramis laurea fervidos Excludet ictus,

Hor. C. 2, 15, 10:

solis,

Ov. M. 3, 183; 6, 49:

Phoebei,

id. ib. 5, 389 (al. ignes):

Phoebi,

Luc. 7, 214:

longe Ejaculatur aquas atque ictibus aëra rumpit,

with jets of water, Ov. M. 4, 124: saxaque cum saxis et habentem semina flammae Materiem jactant, ea concipit ictibus ignem, by their blows, i. e. collision, id. ib. 15, 348.—

In partic.

In prosody or in music, a beating time, a beat:

et pedum et digitorum ictu intervalla signant,

Quint. 9, 4, 51:

modulantium pedum,

Plin. 2, 95, 96, § 209:

unde etiam trimetris accrescere jussit Nomen iambeis, cum senos redderet ictus Primus ad extremum similis sibi,

Hor. A. P. 253.—

A beat of the pulse:

ictus creber aut languidus,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 219.—

In mal. part.:

multorum,

Juv. 6, 126.—

Trop., a stroke, blow, attack, shot, etc.:

sublata erat de foro fides, non ictu aliquo novae calamitatis, sed suspicione, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

nec illum habet ictum, quo pellat animum,

id. Fin. 2, 10, 32:

sub ictu nostro positum,

i. e. in our power, Sen. Ben. 2, 29; cf.:

stare sub ictu Fortunae,

Luc. 5, 729:

tua innocentia sub ictu est,

i. e. in imminent danger, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 9 fin.; cf. the opposite: Deum extra ictum sua divinitas posuit, beyond shot, i. e. out of danger, id. Ben. 1, 7:

eodem ictu temporis,

i. e. moment, Gell. 14, 1, 27; cf.:

singulis veluti ictibus bella transigere,

by separate attacks, Tac. H. 2, 38:

quae (legiones) si amnem Araxen ponte transgrederentur, sub ictum dabantur,

would have come to close quarters, id. A. 13, 39 fin.; cf.:

laetis ostentat ad Urbem Per campos superesse vim, Romamque sub ictu,

near at hand, before the eyes, Sil. 4, 42.—

(Cf. icio, II. A.) Ictus foederis, the conclusion of a treaty, Luc. 5, 372; Val. Max. 2, 7, 1.

blow, bite, stroke, bolt, thrust.

blow, wound, stabbing, thrust

ī̆cĭo and ī̆co), īci, ictum (forms in use, only pres. icit, iciunt, icere; perf. icit, icisse; pluperf. iceram, iceras; fut. perf. icero; pass. pres. icitur, icimur; perf. ictus est; and part. ictus, a, um; pres. ĭco, Prisc. 886 P.;

but īcit,

Lucr. 3, 160; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 50; pres. icio, Gell. 4, 17, 8; Prisc. 877 P.), 3, v. a. [Gr. ip-, iptomai, to injure; ips, a worm; ikria, scaffolding; cf. Ikaros, en-ipê], to strike, hit, smite, stab, sting (cf.: ferio, percutio, verbero, pulso).

Lit. (rare but class.).

In gen.:

exim corpus propellit et icit,

Lucr. 3, 160:

unde icimur ictu,

id. 4, 1050:

femur,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 42:

caput telis (musca),

Cat. 116, 4: vidulum fuscinā, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 124, 1:

cum Ptolemaeus in proelio telo venenato ictus esset,

Cic. Div. 2, 66, 135; cf.:

lapide ictus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22, 2:

ibi in turba ictus Remus, cecidit,

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus,

Juv. 5, 125.—

Esp. of lightning, etc., to strike:

cum Summanus e caelo ictus esset,

Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16:

ictae limen domus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 34:

fulmine laurus sola non icitur,

Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 134; cf.:

fulmen lauri fruticem non icit,

id. 2, 55, 56, § 146;

so in a figure, of a thunderbolt: ut vos iisdem ignibus circumsaepti me primum ictum pro vobis et fumantem videretis,

Cic. Har. Resp. 21, 45; cf.: exin candida se radiis dedit icta foras lux (i. e. Aurora), struck with rays, irradiated, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 93 Vahl.).—

With a homogeneous object: Icere colaphum, to give a box on the ear:

hei, colaphum icit,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 65.—

Trop.

In partic., icere foedus, like ferire and percutere foedus (v. ferio and percutio, I. B. fin.), to make a covenant or league:

foedus, quod meo sanguine in pactione provinciarum iceras, frangere noluisti,

Cic. Pis. 12, 28:

cum Gaditanis foedus icisse dicitur,

id. Balb. 15, 34; Cael. ap. Prisc. p. 886 P.:

orsi a foedere quod nobiscum icerant,

Tac. 12, 62 —

(Perh. not ante - Aug.) Desideriis icta fidelibus Quaerit patria Caesarem, smitten, tormented, Hor. C. 4, 5, 15:

novā re consules icti,

disturbed, Liv. 27, 9, 8; cf. id. 34, 17, 5:

conscientiā ictus,

id. 33, 28, 1:

metu icta,

id. 1, 16 et saep.:

haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,

panic - stricken, id. 8, 9, 12:

domestico vulnere ictus,

by family affliction, Tac. Agr. 29:

si existunt, qui magnitudinem multum ultra se positam non icturi appetant,

reach, attain, Sen. Const. Sap. 3 med. —

Poet.:

saltat Milonius, ut semel icto Accessit fervor capiti numerusque lucernis,

i. e. smitten with wine, tipsy, Hor. S. 2, 1, 25.

ī̆cĭo and ī̆co), īci, ictum (forms in use, only pres. icit, iciunt, icere; perf. icit, icisse; pluperf. iceram, iceras; fut. perf. icero; pass. pres. icitur, icimur; perf. ictus est; and part. ictus, a, um; pres. ĭco, Prisc. 886 P.;

but īcit,

Lucr. 3, 160; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 50; pres. icio, Gell. 4, 17, 8; Prisc. 877 P.), 3, v. a. [Gr. ip-, iptomai, to injure; ips, a worm; ikria, scaffolding; cf. Ikaros, en-ipê], to strike, hit, smite, stab, sting (cf.: ferio, percutio, verbero, pulso).

Lit. (rare but class.).

In gen.:

exim corpus propellit et icit,

Lucr. 3, 160:

unde icimur ictu,

id. 4, 1050:

femur,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 42:

caput telis (musca),

Cat. 116, 4: vidulum fuscinā, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 124, 1:

cum Ptolemaeus in proelio telo venenato ictus esset,

Cic. Div. 2, 66, 135; cf.:

lapide ictus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22, 2:

ibi in turba ictus Remus, cecidit,

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus,

Juv. 5, 125.—

Esp. of lightning, etc., to strike:

cum Summanus e caelo ictus esset,

Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16:

ictae limen domus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 34:

fulmine laurus sola non icitur,

Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 134; cf.:

fulmen lauri fruticem non icit,

id. 2, 55, 56, § 146;

so in a figure, of a thunderbolt: ut vos iisdem ignibus circumsaepti me primum ictum pro vobis et fumantem videretis,

Cic. Har. Resp. 21, 45; cf.: exin candida se radiis dedit icta foras lux (i. e. Aurora), struck with rays, irradiated, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 93 Vahl.).—

With a homogeneous object: Icere colaphum, to give a box on the ear:

hei, colaphum icit,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 65.—

Trop.

In partic., icere foedus, like ferire and percutere foedus (v. ferio and percutio, I. B. fin.), to make a covenant or league:

foedus, quod meo sanguine in pactione provinciarum iceras, frangere noluisti,

Cic. Pis. 12, 28:

cum Gaditanis foedus icisse dicitur,

id. Balb. 15, 34; Cael. ap. Prisc. p. 886 P.:

orsi a foedere quod nobiscum icerant,

Tac. 12, 62 —

(Perh. not ante - Aug.) Desideriis icta fidelibus Quaerit patria Caesarem, smitten, tormented, Hor. C. 4, 5, 15:

novā re consules icti,

disturbed, Liv. 27, 9, 8; cf. id. 34, 17, 5:

conscientiā ictus,

id. 33, 28, 1:

metu icta,

id. 1, 16 et saep.:

haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,

panic - stricken, id. 8, 9, 12:

domestico vulnere ictus,

by family affliction, Tac. Agr. 29:

si existunt, qui magnitudinem multum ultra se positam non icturi appetant,

reach, attain, Sen. Const. Sap. 3 med. —

Poet.:

saltat Milonius, ut semel icto Accessit fervor capiti numerusque lucernis,

i. e. smitten with wine, tipsy, Hor. S. 2, 1, 25.

fulmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from fulgimen, v. fulgeo], lightning that strikes or sets on fire, a thunderbolt (opp. fulgur, lightning).

Lit.:

placet Stoicis, eos anhelitus terrae cum se in nubem induerint ejusque tenuissimam quamque partem coeperint dividere atque dirumpere, tum et fulgores et tonitrua exsistere: si autem nubium conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse fulmen,

Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44; cf. Sen. Q. N. 2, 16:

non enim te puto esse eum, qui Jovi fulmen fabricatos esse Cyclopas in Aetna putes,

Cic. Div. 2, 19, 43:

inter fulmina et tonitrua,

id. Phil. 5, 6, 15; cf.

under II.: Phaëthon ictu fulminis deflagravit,

id. Off. 3, 25, 94; cf.:

Romulus lactens fulmine ictus,

id. ib. 2, 21, 47 (for which more usually:

e caelo ictus,

Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16):

fulmine tactus,

Ov. Tr. 2, 144:

fulminis ictu concidere,

id. ib. 2, 20, 45:

fulmine percussus,

id. N. D. 3, 22, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 35, 84:

fulmina emittere... fulmen jacere,

id. ib. 2, 19, 44 sq.:

fulminis ictus evadere,

Juv. 12, 17:

fulmine justo ruere,

id. 8, 92:

ideo plurima aestate fiunt fulmina, qua plurimum calidi est,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 57, 2:

validum,

Lucr. 6, 228:

igniferum,

id. 6, 379:

caducum,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 44:

qualem ministrum fulminis alitem, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 4, 1:

quem (Periclem) fulminibus et caelesti fragori comparant comici,

Quint. 12, 10, 24; cf.

fulgeo, I. B.: ipse Pater corusca fulmina molitur dextra,

Verg. G. 1, 330:

fulmen erat, Genitor quae plurima caelo deicit,

id. A. 8, 427:

fulmina pauper creditur atque deos,

Juv. 3, 145.—Respecting the nature of lightnings, and their religious interpretation [p. 791] among the Etruscans and Romans, cf. Sen. Q. N. 2, 12 sq.; Plin. 2, 51, 52, § 137; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 43; 230.—

Trop., a thunderbolt, i. q. destructive power, crushing calamity:

non dubitaverim me gravissimis tempestatibus ac paene fulminibus ipsis obvium ferre conservandorum civium causa,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4 (so we should read, and not fluminibus; cf. the passage quoted above from Cic. Div. 2, 19, 43; besides, if the figure were that of waves, it would be expressed not by fluminibus, but by fluctibus; v. fluctus, II. B.); cf.:

fulmina fortunae contemnere,

id. Tusc. 2, 27, 66:

juro per mea mala, has me in illo (puero) vidisse virtutes ingenii, ut prorsus posset hinc esse tanti fulminis (i. e. mortis pueri) metus, quod observatum fere est, celerius occidere festinatam maturitatem,

Quint. 6 praef. § 10; cf. Liv. 45, 41, 1:

quam fulmine justo Et Capito et Numitor ruerint, damnante senatu,

Juv. 8, 92; cf. Liv. 6, 39, 7.—Of oratory:

ain' tandem? insanire tibi videris (Paetus), quod imitere verborum meorum, ut scribis, fulmina? etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

(stilus) nec acumine posteriorum nec fulmine utens superiorum (al. flumine),

id. Or. 6, 21.— Poet.:

fulmen habent acres in aduncis dentibus apri,

i. e. destructive power, Ov. M. 10, 550; cf. id. ib. 1, 305:

(aper) Erectus setis et aduncae fulmine malae,

Stat. Th. 2, 470; see fulmineus, II.: tune illum (Hannibalem), cum frons propior lumenque corusco Igne micat, tune illa viri, quae vertice fundit, Fulmina pertuleris, fiery flashings (of the eye), Sil. 11, 342.—Applied to the Scipios, as heroes and conquerors of the Carthaginians:

Scipiades, belli fulmen, Carthaginis horror,

Lucr. 3, 1034;

imitated: duo fulmina belli Scipiadae,

Verg. A. 6, 843:

ubi nunc sunt fulmina gentis Scipiadae?

Sil. 7, 106:

duo fulmina nostri imperii, Cn. et P. Scipiones,

these two thunderbolts of our empire, Cic. Balb. 15, 34.—Prov.:

Fulmen est, ubi cum potestate habitat iracundia,

Pub. Syr. 184 Rib.

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densus, a, um, adj. [kindred with dasus, daulos (i. e. dasulos); cf. Lat. dumus, old form dusmus, and dumetum], thick, dense, i. e. consisting of parts crowded together. opp. to rarus (on the contrary, crassus, thick, is opp. to thin, fluid; and spissus, close, compact, with the predominant idea of impenetrability; cf. also: angustus, artus, solidus—class. and freq., esp. in poets and historians; in Cic. very rare).

Lit.

In space:

ne dum variantia rerum Tanta queat densis rarisque ex ignibus esse,

Lucr. 1, 654; cf. Verg. G. 1, 419 (for which densatus et laxatus aër, Quint. 5, 9, 16); and:

(terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo,

Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.: densa et glutinosa terra, Col. praef. § 24: silva, poëta ap. Cic. Att. 12, 15; cf.:

densiores silvae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

densissimae silvae,

id. ib. 4, 38, 3:

lucus densissimae opacitatis,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 10:

denso corpore nubes,

Lucr. 6, 361; cf.:

denso agmine,

id. 6, 100; so,

agmen (sc. navium),

Verg. A. 5, 834:

densum umeris vulgus,

Hor. Od. 2, 13, 32 et saep.:

tunicae,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77:

zmaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68:

litus,

sandy, Ov. M. 2, 576; cf. Verg. G. 2, 275:

aequor,

i. e. frozen. Luc. 2, 640:

aër,

Hor. Od. 2, 7, 14; cf.

caelum,

Cels. 1 praef.; 3, 22:

nimbi,

Ov. M. 1, 269:

caligo,

Verg. A. 12, 466; cf.:

densissima nox,

pitch-dark night, Ov. M. 15, 31: umbra, Catull. 65, 13; Hor. Od. 1, 7, 20 et saep.—

Without distinction, corresp. with crassus,

Lucr. 6, 246 al. —

Poet. with abl., thickly set with, covered with, full of: loca silvestribus sepibus densa, poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 42 fin.; cf.:

specus virgis ac vimine,

Ov. M. 3, 29:

vallis piceis et acuta cupressu,

id. ib. 3, 155:

Thybris verticibus,

id. F. 6, 502:

ficus pomis,

id. ib. 2, 253:

corpora setis,

id. M. 13, 846; cf. id. Am. 3, 1, 32:

femina crinibus emptis,

id. A. A. 3, 165:

funale lampadibus,

id. M. 12, 247: trames [p. 547] caligine opaca (coupled with obscurus), id. ib. 10, 54 et saep.—

Transf., of the parts themselves which are crowded together, thick, close, set close:

superiorem partem collis densissimis castris (sc. trinis) compleverant,

pitched very near together, Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

sepes,

id. ib. 2, 22:

frutices,

Ov. M. 1, 122:

ilex,

id. F. 2, 165 et saep.:

hostes,

Verg. A. 2, 511:

ministri,

id. M. 2, 717:

densior suboles,

Verg. G. 3, 308:

dens (pectinis),

Tib. 1, 9, 68:

comae,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 42; cf.

pilae,

id. F. 2, 348 et saep.— Poet.:

densorum turba malorum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 41.—

In time, of things which take place in close succession, thick, frequent, continuous (mostly poet.):

ictus,

Verg. A. 5, 459; cf.

plagae,

Hor. Od. 3, 5, 31:

Aquilo,

strong, powerful, Verg. G. 3, 196:

silentia,

deep, profound, Val. Fl. 3, 604:

amores,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

pericula,

Ov. P. 4, 7, 15:

usus,

id. ib. 4, 3, 15:

ictus,

Amm. 15, 5, 31. —

Trop. of speech, condensed, concise:

vox atrox in ira, et aspera ac densa,

coarse, Quint. 11, 3, 63:

tanta vis in eo (sc. Demosthene) tam densa omnia, etc.,

id. 10, 1, 76; cf. transf. to the writer himself: densior ille (sc. Demosthenes), hic (sc. Cicero) copiosior, ib. § 106: densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides, ib. § 73: (Euripides) sententiis densus, ib. § 68.— Adv.: densē (very rare).

In space, thickly, closely, close together:

caesae alni,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:

calcatum quam densissime,

Vitr. 5, 12 med.:

milites densius se commovebant,

Amm. 24, 6, 8.—

(Acc. to no. I. B. 2.) In time, frequently, rapidly, one after the other:

quod in perpetuitate dicendi eluceat aliquando, idem apud alios densius, apud alios fortasse rarius,

Cic. Or. 2, 7:

nulla tamen subeunt mihi tempora densius istis,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 11:

replicatis quaestionibus dense,

Amm. 29, 3 fin.

ex-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 (ante-class. perf. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27;

sync. expostus,

Verg. A. 10, 694; Stat. Th. 7, 197), v. a., to put or set out, to set forth, expose (class.; most freq. in the trop. signif.; cf.: expedio, explano, explico).

Lit.

In gen.:

stravit pelliculis haedinis lectulos et exposuit vasa Samia,

set out, Cic. Mur. 36, 75:

vasa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35:

apparatum in porticibus,

Suet. Caes. 10; cf.:

aliquid in publico,

Plin. 35, 7, 33, § 52; cf. id. 15, 5, 6, § 21:

herbam in sole,

Col. 12, 28, 1:

aliquem ictu,

to put out, turn out, Plaut. Truc. 3, 1, 14:

cubito,

id. Cas. 4, 4, 27.—

In partic.

Of children, to expose:

puellam ad necem,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 18; id. Cas. prol. 41; Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37; Cic. Rep. 2, 2; Liv. 1, 4, 5; cf. id. 1, 6, 3:

ad januam matris,

Suet. Claud. 27 al. —

Naut. t. t.

To set on shore, to land, disembark:

milites ex navibus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 37, 1;

for which: socios de puppibus,

Verg. A. 10, 288:

milites in terram,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23, 2:

expositis omnibus copiis,

id. ib. 3, 29, 2; 1, 31 fin.; Liv. 24, 40, 9:

ibi in terram,

id. 34, 8, 7; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 44; cf.:

in litora,

Liv. 37, 28, 8:

aegra mancipia in insulam,

Suet. Claud. 25; but also with abl.:

in Africa,

Liv. 28, 44, 10 Drak. N. cr.:

in terra,

Vell. 2, 79, 4:

in litore,

Suet. Caes. 4; Just. 22, 5; Liv. 2, 22, 3; 26, 17, 2; Sen. Ep. 53, 2:

in portu,

Just. 18, 1, 3:

ibi Themistoclem,

Nep. Them. 8, 7:

ad eum locum milites,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6, 3:

quibus regionibus exercitum exposuisset,

id. ib. 3, 29 fin.:

expositum peregrinis arenis os,

Ov. M. 11, 56:

quartā vix demum exponimur horā,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: advexi frumentum;

exposui, vendo meum, etc.,

have unloaded, unpacked, opened, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

merces,

Dig. 14, 2, 10.—

To throw on the ground, throw down:

paene exposivit cubito,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 34.—

To throw overboard:

si propter necessitatem adversae tempestatis expositum onus fuerit,

Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 8.—

Mercant. t. t.: pecuniam, to offer a sum to one, place at one's disposal, to be ready to pay:

de Oppio bene curasti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3 (for which, aperuisti, id. ib. 5, 1, 2).—

Pregn., to leave exposed or unprotected, to expose, lay open (not ante-Aug.):

ad ictus,

Liv. 9, 35, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31:

ille ad omnes ictus expositus,

id. 9, 5, 9:

ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur,

Tac. H. 3, 5:

exercitum hosti,

Flor. 3, 11; Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67:

ceteris animalibus imbecillitatem hominum,

Lact. 3, 23, 10; id. Epit. 9, 1; Val. Max. 7, 1, ext. 2:

piscibus beluisque,

Petr. 115:

exposito solibus loco,

Plin. 15, 5, 6, § 21.— Pass. absol.: (iracundi) simplices videntur, quia expositi sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 16, 3.

Trop.

In gen.:

totam causam, judices, explicemus atque ante oculos expositam consideremus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 34; cf.:

vitam alterius in oculis conspectuque omnium exponere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:

disciplina puerilis publice exposita,

id. Rep. 4, 3:

orationem,

to publish, id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; cf.:

capita exposita nec explicata,

id. Brut. 44, 164:

erant huic studio maxima exposita praemia,

id. de Or. 1, 4, 15:

praemium,

to set forth, propose, id. Quint. 23, 74: vitam suam exponere ad imitandum juventuti, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 104, 3:

factum expositum ad imitandum,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

exposita ad exemplum nostra re publica,

id. Rep. 1, 46:

opprobrio ad omnium convicia exposito,

Suet. Caes. 49:

expositum ad invidiam nomen,

Tac. H. 2, 53:

nomen Dei,

to prostitute, dishonor, Lact. 1, 7.—

In partic., of speech, to set forth, exhibit, relate, explain, expound; constr. with acc. and inf., or a rel. clause as object, or with de:

coepit rationem hujus operis scientissime Gallus exponere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

talis coetus, qualem exposui,

id. ib. 1, 26:

quae adhuc exposui,

id. ib. 2, 23:

obscura dilucide,

id. Fin. 4, 1, 1:

rem pluribus verbis,

id. ib. 3, 4, 15:

rem breviter,

id. Cat. 3, 1, 3:

mandata in senatu,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 49:

narrationem,

id. Or. 62, 210:

sententias ejus disputationis hoc libro,

id. Lael. 1, 3:

artes rhetoricas,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

disputationem alicui,

id. Rep. 1, 8:

sermonem de amicitia alicui,

id. Lael. 1, 3:

eadem multitudini,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 4:

expone igitur primum animos remanere post mortem, tum docebis, etc.,

explain, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

apud eosdem (censores), qui magistratu abierint, edant et exponant, quid in magistratu gesserint,

id. Leg. 3, 20, 47:

ex memoria alicui quid senatus censuerit,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 13:

ab initio, res quemadmodum gesta sit,

id. Rosc. Am. 5, 14; id. Rep. 1, 26; cf.:

hoc de quo modo exposuit Antonius,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

expone nunc de reprehendendo,

id. Part. Or. 12, 44.—In abl. neutr. absol.:

Caesar contione advocata... exposito, quid iniquitas loci posset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52, 2 Oud.; so,

exposito quod nuntiatum erat,

Curt. 4, 13:

quasi gesta bello expositurus,

Tac. A. 15, 72: summum bonum exposuit vacuitatem doloris, i. q. definivit, be defined, Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14 Madv.; cf. ib. 5, 8, 22; and, expositio, ib. § 21.—Hence, expŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., qs. publicly set out; hence, open, free, accessible.

Lit.:

limen,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 24:

census,

open to all, id. ib. 2, 2, 152:

numen (with nulli negatum),

Luc. 5, 103; cf.:

(homo) obvius et expositus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2.—As subst.: ex-pŏsĭta, ōrum, n., the open parts, those exposed to view:

frontem ejus tantum novi et exposita, quae ostendit etiam transeuntibus,

Sen. Ep. 55, 6.—

Trop.

Accessible, affable:

mores,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 246.—

Of authors, intelligible, lucid:

optimos quidem, sed tamen eorum candidissimum quemque et maxime expositum velim,

Quint. 2, 5, 19.—

In a bad sense, common, vulgar:

qui nihil expositum soleat deducere, etc.,

Juv. 7, 54.— Adv.: expŏ-sĭte, plainly, clearly:

non exposite et aperte ostendere, sed reconditā significatione,

Gell. 3, 2, 14.

ex-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 (ante-class. perf. exposivit, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27;

sync. expostus,

Verg. A. 10, 694; Stat. Th. 7, 197), v. a., to put or set out, to set forth, expose (class.; most freq. in the trop. signif.; cf.: expedio, explano, explico).

Lit.

In gen.:

stravit pelliculis haedinis lectulos et exposuit vasa Samia,

set out, Cic. Mur. 36, 75:

vasa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35:

apparatum in porticibus,

Suet. Caes. 10; cf.:

aliquid in publico,

Plin. 35, 7, 33, § 52; cf. id. 15, 5, 6, § 21:

herbam in sole,

Col. 12, 28, 1:

aliquem ictu,

to put out, turn out, Plaut. Truc. 3, 1, 14:

cubito,

id. Cas. 4, 4, 27.—

In partic.

Of children, to expose:

puellam ad necem,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 18; id. Cas. prol. 41; Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37; Cic. Rep. 2, 2; Liv. 1, 4, 5; cf. id. 1, 6, 3:

ad januam matris,

Suet. Claud. 27 al. —

Naut. t. t.

To set on shore, to land, disembark:

milites ex navibus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 37, 1;

for which: socios de puppibus,

Verg. A. 10, 288:

milites in terram,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23, 2:

expositis omnibus copiis,

id. ib. 3, 29, 2; 1, 31 fin.; Liv. 24, 40, 9:

ibi in terram,

id. 34, 8, 7; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 44; cf.:

in litora,

Liv. 37, 28, 8:

aegra mancipia in insulam,

Suet. Claud. 25; but also with abl.:

in Africa,

Liv. 28, 44, 10 Drak. N. cr.:

in terra,

Vell. 2, 79, 4:

in litore,

Suet. Caes. 4; Just. 22, 5; Liv. 2, 22, 3; 26, 17, 2; Sen. Ep. 53, 2:

in portu,

Just. 18, 1, 3:

ibi Themistoclem,

Nep. Them. 8, 7:

ad eum locum milites,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6, 3:

quibus regionibus exercitum exposuisset,

id. ib. 3, 29 fin.:

expositum peregrinis arenis os,

Ov. M. 11, 56:

quartā vix demum exponimur horā,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: advexi frumentum;

exposui, vendo meum, etc.,

have unloaded, unpacked, opened, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

merces,

Dig. 14, 2, 10.—

To throw on the ground, throw down:

paene exposivit cubito,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 34.—

To throw overboard:

si propter necessitatem adversae tempestatis expositum onus fuerit,

Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 8.—

Mercant. t. t.: pecuniam, to offer a sum to one, place at one's disposal, to be ready to pay:

de Oppio bene curasti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3 (for which, aperuisti, id. ib. 5, 1, 2).—

Pregn., to leave exposed or unprotected, to expose, lay open (not ante-Aug.):

ad ictus,

Liv. 9, 35, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31:

ille ad omnes ictus expositus,

id. 9, 5, 9:

ne inermes provinciae barbaris nationibus exponerentur,

Tac. H. 3, 5:

exercitum hosti,

Flor. 3, 11; Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67:

ceteris animalibus imbecillitatem hominum,

Lact. 3, 23, 10; id. Epit. 9, 1; Val. Max. 7, 1, ext. 2:

piscibus beluisque,

Petr. 115:

exposito solibus loco,

Plin. 15, 5, 6, § 21.— Pass. absol.: (iracundi) simplices videntur, quia expositi sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 16, 3.

Trop.

In gen.:

totam causam, judices, explicemus atque ante oculos expositam consideremus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 34; cf.:

vitam alterius in oculis conspectuque omnium exponere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:

disciplina puerilis publice exposita,

id. Rep. 4, 3:

orationem,

to publish, id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; cf.:

capita exposita nec explicata,

id. Brut. 44, 164:

erant huic studio maxima exposita praemia,

id. de Or. 1, 4, 15:

praemium,

to set forth, propose, id. Quint. 23, 74: vitam suam exponere ad imitandum juventuti, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 104, 3:

factum expositum ad imitandum,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

exposita ad exemplum nostra re publica,

id. Rep. 1, 46:

opprobrio ad omnium convicia exposito,

Suet. Caes. 49:

expositum ad invidiam nomen,

Tac. H. 2, 53:

nomen Dei,

to prostitute, dishonor, Lact. 1, 7.—

In partic., of speech, to set forth, exhibit, relate, explain, expound; constr. with acc. and inf., or a rel. clause as object, or with de:

coepit rationem hujus operis scientissime Gallus exponere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

talis coetus, qualem exposui,

id. ib. 1, 26:

quae adhuc exposui,

id. ib. 2, 23:

obscura dilucide,

id. Fin. 4, 1, 1:

rem pluribus verbis,

id. ib. 3, 4, 15:

rem breviter,

id. Cat. 3, 1, 3:

mandata in senatu,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 49:

narrationem,

id. Or. 62, 210:

sententias ejus disputationis hoc libro,

id. Lael. 1, 3:

artes rhetoricas,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

disputationem alicui,

id. Rep. 1, 8:

sermonem de amicitia alicui,

id. Lael. 1, 3:

eadem multitudini,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 4:

expone igitur primum animos remanere post mortem, tum docebis, etc.,

explain, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

apud eosdem (censores), qui magistratu abierint, edant et exponant, quid in magistratu gesserint,

id. Leg. 3, 20, 47:

ex memoria alicui quid senatus censuerit,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 13:

ab initio, res quemadmodum gesta sit,

id. Rosc. Am. 5, 14; id. Rep. 1, 26; cf.:

hoc de quo modo exposuit Antonius,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

expone nunc de reprehendendo,

id. Part. Or. 12, 44.—In abl. neutr. absol.:

Caesar contione advocata... exposito, quid iniquitas loci posset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 52, 2 Oud.; so,

exposito quod nuntiatum erat,

Curt. 4, 13:

quasi gesta bello expositurus,

Tac. A. 15, 72: summum bonum exposuit vacuitatem doloris, i. q. definivit, be defined, Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14 Madv.; cf. ib. 5, 8, 22; and, expositio, ib. § 21.—Hence, expŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., qs. publicly set out; hence, open, free, accessible.

Lit.:

limen,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 24:

census,

open to all, id. ib. 2, 2, 152:

numen (with nulli negatum),

Luc. 5, 103; cf.:

(homo) obvius et expositus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2.—As subst.: ex-pŏsĭta, ōrum, n., the open parts, those exposed to view:

frontem ejus tantum novi et exposita, quae ostendit etiam transeuntibus,

Sen. Ep. 55, 6.—

Trop.

Accessible, affable:

mores,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 246.—

Of authors, intelligible, lucid:

optimos quidem, sed tamen eorum candidissimum quemque et maxime expositum velim,

Quint. 2, 5, 19.—

In a bad sense, common, vulgar:

qui nihil expositum soleat deducere, etc.,

Juv. 7, 54.— Adv.: expŏ-sĭte, plainly, clearly:

non exposite et aperte ostendere, sed reconditā significatione,

Gell. 3, 2, 14.

rĕ-pello, reppuli (less correctly repuli), rĕpulsum, 3, v. a., to drive, crowd, or thrust back; to reject, repulse, repel, etc., = reicere (freq. and class.; syn.: reicio, repono, removeo).

Lit.:

eum ego meis Dictis malis his foribus atque hac reppuli, rejeci hominem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 19:

aliquem foribus,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 90:

foribus tam saepe repulsus,

Ov. Am. 3, 11, 9:

homines inermos armis,

Cic. Caecin. 12, 33:

adversarius, qui sit et feriendus et repellendus,

id. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

aliquem ab hoc templo,

id. Phil. 14, 3, 8:

homines a templi aditu,

id. Dom. 21, 54:

Sabinos a moenibus urbis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

hostes a ponte,

Caes. B. C. 1, 16;

ab castris,

id. ib. 1, 75:

a citeriore ripā,

Front. Strat. 1, 4, 10:

aliquem inde,

Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

hostes in silvas,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28 fin.:

in oppidum,

id. ib. 3, 22 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 14 fin.— Absol.:

nostri acriter in eos impetu facto, repulerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17. —Of impersonal objects (mostly poet.):

reppulit mihi manum,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 14; cf. Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 72:

telum aere repulsum,

repelled, Verg. A. 2, 545:

mensas,

to push back, Ov. M. 6, 661; cf.

aras,

id. ib. 9, 164:

repagula,

to shove back, id. ib. 2, 157:

tellurem mediā undā,

crowds back, id. ib. 15, 292:

navem a terrā, Auct. B. Alex. 20: serpentes,

Amm. 14, 2, 5. — Poet., of the apparent pushing back or away of the starting-point, in flying up or sailing away:

Oceani spretos pede reppulit amnes,

Verg. G. 4, 233; cf.:

cum subito juvenis, pedibus tellure repulsā, Arduus in nubes abiit,

spurning the ground, Ov. M. 4, 710:

impressā tellurem reppulit hastā,

id. ib. 2, 786;

6, 512: aera repulsa,

i. e. cymbals struck together, Tib. 1, 3, 24; 1, 8, 22; cf.:

aera Aere repulsa,

Ov. M. 3, 533.—

Trop., to drive away, reject, remove; to keep off, hold back, ward off, repulse, etc.:

repelli oratorem a gubernaculis civitatum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 46:

aliquem a consulatu,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 27:

ab hoc conatu,

id. Or. 11, 36:

a cognitione legum,

id. Balb. 14, 32:

ab impediendo ac laedendo,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 14, 55:

ab hac spe repulsi Nervii,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42:

repulsum ab amicitiā,

Sall. J. 102, 13:

fracti bello fatisque repulsi,

Verg. A. 2, 13:

repulsus ille veritatis viribus,

Phaedr. 1, 1, 9:

hinc quoque repulsus,

Nep. Lys. 3:

per colloquia repulsus a Lepido,

Vell. 2, 63, 1. —

Of suitors for office,

Cic. Planc. 21, 51:

haud repulsus abibis,

Sall. J. 110, 8; Liv. 39, 32. —

Of lovers: saepe roges aliquid, saepe repulsus eas,

Prop. 2, 4, 2 (12):

proci repulsi,

Ov. M. 13, 735:

aliquam ad meretricium quaestum,

to drive, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 43.—

Of abstract objects: dolorem a se repellere,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

furores Clodii a cervicibus vestris,

id. Mil. 28, 77:

illius alterum consulatum a re publicā,

id. Att. 7, 18, 2:

quod tamen a verā longe ratione repulsum'st,

removed, Lucr. 1, 880; cf. id. 2, 645; 5, 406:

tegimenta ad defendendos ictus ac repellendos,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9; 6, 767: cute ictus, Ov. M. 3, 64:

pericula,

Cic. Mur. 14, 30; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2:

vim (opp. inferre),

Cic. Mil. 19, 51:

crimen (with transferre),

Quint. 4, 2, 26:

temptamina,

Ov. M. 7, 735:

facinus,

id. ib. 15, 777:

fraudem,

id. A. A. 3, 491:

verba,

id. P. 4, 1, 19:

ver hiemem repellit,

id. M. 10, 165:

conubia nostra,

to reject, disdain, Verg. A. 4, 214 amorem, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 76:

preces,

id. M. 14, 377:

diadema,

to refuse, reject, Vell. 2, 56, 4; Suet. Caes. 79; cf.

dictaturam,

Vell. 2, 89, 5:

ut contumelia repellatur,

be discarded, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 137.— Hence, rĕpulsus, a, um, P. a., removed, remote; once in Cato: ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior, publicis negotiis repulsior, Cato ap. Fest. p. 286, and ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 287 Müll.

tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 ( perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:

tuĕris,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

tuimur,

Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449;

6, 934: tuamur,

id. 4, 361:

tuantur,

id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.);

alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly,

To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:

e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,

Lucr. 4, 312:

ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,

id. 4, 434:

caeli templa,

id. 6, 1228 al.:

tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713:

talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,

id. ib. 4, 362:

transversa tuentibus hircis,

id. E. 3, 8:

acerba tuens,

looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794:

torva,

id. ib. 6, 467.—

With object-clause:

quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,

Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—

Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:

curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140:

omnia,

id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65:

concordiam,

id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1:

dignitatem,

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,

id. Brut. 20, 80:

personam in re publicā,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1:

tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,

to keep in good order, id. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum,

id. Ep. 6, 29, 10:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60:

se, vitam corpusque tueri,

to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest,

id. Deiot. 8, 22:

se ac suos tueri,

Liv. 5, 4, 5:

sex legiones (re suā),

Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45:

armentum paleis,

Col. 6, 3, 3:

se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere,

to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.:

tuemini castra et defendite diligenter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 94:

suos fines,

id. B. G. 4, 8:

portus,

id. ib. 5, 8:

oppidum unius legionis praesidio,

id. B. C. 2, 23:

oram maritimam,

id. ib. 3, 34:

impedimenta,

to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.:

fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis,

Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:

domum a furibus,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra:

quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:

liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus:

tueri se adversus Romanos,

Liv. 25, 11, 7:

nostra adversus vim atque injuriam,

id. 7, 31, 3:

adversus Philippum tueri Athenas,

id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6:

arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri,

Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.:

Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur,

Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus):

Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

Sall. J. 74, 3.

Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:

censores vectigalia tuento,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS,

Inscr. Orell. 4788.—

tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:

majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361:

consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi,

Dig. 27, 10, 7:

voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur,

ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear).

Lit.

Absol.:

nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta... contra tuam cupiditatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.:

me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368:

tutus bos rura perambulat,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 17:

quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset?

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

mare tutum praestare,

id. Fl. 13, 31:

sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 54:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 5:

via fugae,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.:

commodior ac tutior receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

perfugium,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8:

tutum iter et patens,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 7:

tutissima custodia,

Liv. 31, 23, 9:

praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum,

Lucr. 5, 874:

vitam consistere tutam,

id. 6, 11:

tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25:

tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā!

id. S. 1, 2, 47:

non est tua tuta voluntas,

not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53:

in audaces non est audacia tuta,

id. ib. 10, 544:

externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus,

Curt. 6, 7, 1:

vel tutioris audentiae est,

Quint. 12, prooem. §

4: cogitatio tutior,

id. 10, 7, 19:

fuit brevitas illa tutissima,

id. 10, 1, 39:

regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni,

i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).— Poet., with gen.:

(pars ratium) tuta fugae,

Luc. 9, 346.—

With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:

ab insidiis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 117:

a periculo,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

ab hoste,

Ov. H. 11, 44:

ab hospite,

id. M. 1, 144:

a conjuge,

id. ib. 8, 316:

a ferro,

id. ib. 13, 498:

a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,

Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—

With ad and acc.:

turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 39:

ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,

Liv. 25, 38, 14:

testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,

id. 36, 32, 6.—

With adversus:

adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,

Cels. 5, 23, 3:

quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,

Curt. 7, 9, 2:

loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,

Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1:

per quem tutior adversus casus steti,

Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2:

quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,

Just. 10, 1, 7.—

With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—

Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:

si dicere palam parum tutum est,

Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33:

o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,

Prop. 1, 15, 42:

tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48:

nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,

id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—

As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:

tuta et parvula laudo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42:

trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,

Ov. M. 10, 714:

in tuto ut collocetur,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11:

esse in tuto,

id. ib. 4, 3, 30:

ut sitis in tuto,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7:

in tutum receptus est,

Liv. 2, 19, 6.—

Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;

syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,

Hor. A. P. 28:

tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,

id. ib. 266:

non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36:

id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

Liv. 22, 38, 13:

celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,

id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.

Form tute (very rare):

crede huic tute,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102:

eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,

Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9:

tute cauteque agere,

id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—

Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):

pervenire,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179:

dimicare,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

tuto et libere decernere,

id. B. C. 1, 2:

ut tuto sim,

in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3:

ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —

Comp.:

ut in vadis consisterent tutius,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

tutius et facilius receptus daretur,

id. B. C. 2, 30:

tutius ac facilius id tractatur,

Quint. 5, 5, 1:

usitatis tutius utimur,

id. 1, 5, 71:

ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem,

Sall. J. 14, 11.—

Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—

Form tutissimo:

quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.:

tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.

tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 ( perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:

tuĕris,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

tuimur,

Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449;

6, 934: tuamur,

id. 4, 361:

tuantur,

id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.);

alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly,

To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:

e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,

Lucr. 4, 312:

ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,

id. 4, 434:

caeli templa,

id. 6, 1228 al.:

tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713:

talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,

id. ib. 4, 362:

transversa tuentibus hircis,

id. E. 3, 8:

acerba tuens,

looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794:

torva,

id. ib. 6, 467.—

With object-clause:

quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,

Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—

Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:

curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140:

omnia,

id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65:

concordiam,

id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1:

dignitatem,

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,

id. Brut. 20, 80:

personam in re publicā,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1:

tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,

to keep in good order, id. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum,

id. Ep. 6, 29, 10:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60:

se, vitam corpusque tueri,

to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest,

id. Deiot. 8, 22:

se ac suos tueri,

Liv. 5, 4, 5:

sex legiones (re suā),

Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45:

armentum paleis,

Col. 6, 3, 3:

se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere,

to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.:

tuemini castra et defendite diligenter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 94:

suos fines,

id. B. G. 4, 8:

portus,

id. ib. 5, 8:

oppidum unius legionis praesidio,

id. B. C. 2, 23:

oram maritimam,

id. ib. 3, 34:

impedimenta,

to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.:

fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis,

Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:

domum a furibus,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra:

quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:

liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus:

tueri se adversus Romanos,

Liv. 25, 11, 7:

nostra adversus vim atque injuriam,

id. 7, 31, 3:

adversus Philippum tueri Athenas,

id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6:

arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri,

Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.:

Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur,

Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus):

Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

Sall. J. 74, 3.

Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:

censores vectigalia tuento,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS,

Inscr. Orell. 4788.—

tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:

majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361:

consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi,

Dig. 27, 10, 7:

voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur,

ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear).

Lit.

Absol.:

nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta... contra tuam cupiditatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.:

me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368:

tutus bos rura perambulat,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 17:

quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset?

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

mare tutum praestare,

id. Fl. 13, 31:

sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 54:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 5:

via fugae,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.:

commodior ac tutior receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

perfugium,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8:

tutum iter et patens,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 7:

tutissima custodia,

Liv. 31, 23, 9:

praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum,

Lucr. 5, 874:

vitam consistere tutam,

id. 6, 11:

tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25:

tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā!

id. S. 1, 2, 47:

non est tua tuta voluntas,

not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53:

in audaces non est audacia tuta,

id. ib. 10, 544:

externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus,

Curt. 6, 7, 1:

vel tutioris audentiae est,

Quint. 12, prooem. §

4: cogitatio tutior,

id. 10, 7, 19:

fuit brevitas illa tutissima,

id. 10, 1, 39:

regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni,

i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).— Poet., with gen.:

(pars ratium) tuta fugae,

Luc. 9, 346.—

With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:

ab insidiis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 117:

a periculo,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

ab hoste,

Ov. H. 11, 44:

ab hospite,

id. M. 1, 144:

a conjuge,

id. ib. 8, 316:

a ferro,

id. ib. 13, 498:

a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,

Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—

With ad and acc.:

turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 39:

ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,

Liv. 25, 38, 14:

testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,

id. 36, 32, 6.—

With adversus:

adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,

Cels. 5, 23, 3:

quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,

Curt. 7, 9, 2:

loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,

Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1:

per quem tutior adversus casus steti,

Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2:

quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,

Just. 10, 1, 7.—

With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—

Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:

si dicere palam parum tutum est,

Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33:

o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,

Prop. 1, 15, 42:

tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48:

nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,

id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—

As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:

tuta et parvula laudo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42:

trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,

Ov. M. 10, 714:

in tuto ut collocetur,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11:

esse in tuto,

id. ib. 4, 3, 30:

ut sitis in tuto,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7:

in tutum receptus est,

Liv. 2, 19, 6.—

Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;

syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,

Hor. A. P. 28:

tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,

id. ib. 266:

non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36:

id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

Liv. 22, 38, 13:

celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,

id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.

Form tute (very rare):

crede huic tute,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102:

eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,

Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9:

tute cauteque agere,

id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—

Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):

pervenire,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179:

dimicare,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

tuto et libere decernere,

id. B. C. 1, 2:

ut tuto sim,

in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3:

ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —

Comp.:

ut in vadis consisterent tutius,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

tutius et facilius receptus daretur,

id. B. C. 2, 30:

tutius ac facilius id tractatur,

Quint. 5, 5, 1:

usitatis tutius utimur,

id. 1, 5, 71:

ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem,

Sall. J. 14, 11.—

Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—

Form tutissimo:

quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.:

tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.

vulnus ( voln-), ĕris, n. [root vul-; cf. vultur; akin to vello], a wound (cf.: ictus, cicatrix).

Lit.:

cave faxit volnus tibi jam,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 51:

qui abstergerem volnera?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 9:

vulnus in latere,

Cic. Mil. 24, 65:

multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so,

inferre,

id. B. C. 2, 6:

accipere,

id. B. G. 1, 48:

claudicare ex vulnere ob rem publicam accepto,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:

sustinere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45:

excipere,

Cic. Sest. 10, 23:

alicui infligere,

id. Phil. 2, 21, 52:

vulneribus defessus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

gravi vulnere ictus,

Liv. 2, 47, 2:

vulneribus confectus,

id. 24, 26, 14:

ego factum modo vulnus habebo,

Ov. Am. 1, 2, 30:

facile ex volnere est recreatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154.—

Transf., of things, a wound, i. e. a hole, cut, incision, notch, rent, crack ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

vulneribus donec paulatim evicta (ornus) supremum Congemuit,

Verg. A. 2, 630; cf. Ov. M. 9, 383; 14, 392; Juv. 6, 247; Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 142:

aratri,

Ov. M. 2, 286.—

Trop., a wound, blow, misfortune, calamity, defeat:

fortunae gravissimo percussus vulnere,

Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 4; Luc. 8, 72:

hoc tam gravi vulnere etiam illa, quae consanuisse videbantur, recrudescunt,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

quae hic rei publicae vulnera imponebat, eadem ille sanabat,

id. Fin. 4, 24, 66:

vulnera imposita provinciae sanare,

id. Att. 5, 17, 6:

inusta rei publicae (with scelera),

id. Sest. 7, 17:

non vulnus super vulnus, sed multiplex clades,

Liv. 22, 54, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.—Esp., in the phrase vulnus accipere, to be defeated, to suffer great loss, Just. 1, 8, 10; 2, 11, 19; cf. id. 42, 4, 10.— Of pain, grief, sorrow, Lucr. 2, 639; Verg. A. 12, 160; Ov. M. 5, 426.—Of the wounds of love, Lucr. 1, 34; Prop. 2, 22 (3, 15), 7; 2, 25 (3, 20), 46; Verg. A. 4, 2; Hor. C. 1, 27, 12; id. Epod. 11, 17:

dulcia vulnera sagittae,

App. M. 4, p. 156, 29.