-
1 bolěti
bolěti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `ache'Page in Trubačev: II 187-189Old Church Slavic:Russian:bolét' `ache' [verb], bolít [3sg];bolét' `be ill' [verb], boléet [3sg]Ukrainian:bolíty `ache' [verb], bolít' [3sg];bolíty `be in pain, be ill' [verb], bolíje [3sg]Czech:Slovak:Polish:boleć `ache' [verb]Slovincian:bùo̯lĕc `ache' [verb]Upper Sorbian:boleć `ache' [verb]Lower Sorbian:bóleś `ache' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:bòljeti `ache, hurt' [verb], bòlīm;Čak. bolȉti `ache, hurt' [verb], bolĩ [3sg];Čak. bolȅt (Orbanići) `hurt' [verb], bolĩ [3sg]Slovene:bolẹ́ti `ache' [verb], bolím [1sg]Bulgarian:bolí `aches' [3sg];boljá `be ill' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰol(H)-eh₁-Page in Pokorny: 125Comments: The possibility exists that we had *bʰle(H)u- (Gk. φλαυ̃ρος `inferior, bad', OIc. blauđr `timid'?) alongside *bʰel(H)- (cf. Pokorny 125, 159).Other cognates:OIc. bǫlva `curse' [verb]Notes:The possibility exists that we had *bʰle(H)u- (Gk. φλαυ̃ρος `inferior, bad', OIc. blauðr `timid'?) alongside *bʰel(H)- (cf. Pokorny 125, 159). -
2 gàdъ
gàdъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: aPage in Trubačev: VI 81-82Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:gȁd `loathing, nausea' [m o];Čak. gȁd (Vrgada) `repulsion, repulsive person' [m o]Slovene:gàd `adder' [m o]Bulgarian:Lithuanian:gė́da `shame, disgrace' [f ā]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: gwoh₁dʰPage in Pokorny: 484Other cognates: -
3 čekati
čekati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wait, await, expect'Page in Trubačev: IV 36-37Church Slavic:Russian:čekát' (S., W. dial.) `wait, await' [verb]Ukrainian:čekáty `wait, await' [verb]Czech:Old Czech:čkáti `wait, await' [verb]Polish:czekać `wait, await' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:čȅkati `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȅkām [1sg];Čak. čȅkati (Vrgada) `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȅkå̄š [2sg];Čak. čȅkat (Orbanići) `wait' [verb], čȅkan [1sg]Macedonian:čéka `wait, await' [verb]Comments: Stang (1961: 68-69) has suggested that čekati is cognate with OPr. kackint `attain', Lith. kàkti `be sufficient' (cf. Toporov PJ 1980: 162-163 for the semantic development). In Slavic, we may originally have had * čekti alongside the intensive *čěkati. According to an older etymology (cf. Vasmer s.v. čekát'), * čeka- is a reduplicated variant of the root * keh₂- that we find in Lat. cārus `dear', MHG huore `whore' (note, however, that according to Schrijver (1996: 98, 112), the -r- belongs to the root here). It seems to me that Stang's scenario is preferable because it offers a solutio for the variation *ček-/čak-. -
4 dȅvętь
dȅvętь Grammatical information: num. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `nine'Page in Trubačev: IV 222-223Old Church Slavic:devętь `nine' [num i]Russian:dévjat' `nine' [num i], devjatí [Gens]Czech:devět `nine' [num]Slovak:Polish:dziewięć `nine' [num i]Slovincian:ʒìe̯vjinc `nine' [num]Serbo-Croatian:dȅvēt `nine' [num];Čak. dȅvet (Vrgada, Orbanići) `nine' [num]Slovene:devę̑t `nine' [num]Bulgarian:dévet `nine' [num]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: deu̯inLithuanian:devynì `nine' [num]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁neunIE meaning: ninePage in Pokorny: 318Comments: For Balto-Slavic one would expect *dou̯in, with *eu > *ou before a vowel. The e vocalism may have been reintroduced on the basis of the ordinal * deuno- prior to the development *eu > * iou before consonant (Hamp 1976, Kortlandt 1979: 57). The ordinal was later reshaped into *deu̯ino-. In view of OPr. newīnts `nine', it is possible that the numeral still had initial *n- at the end of the Balto-Slavic period, but German influence cannot be excluded.Other cognates:Skt. náva `nine' [num]; -
5 drьkolь
drьkolь; drьkolьje Grammatical information: m. i; n. io Proto-Slavic meaning: `stick, club'Page in Trubačev: V 139-140Old Church Slavic:Russian:drekól'e `staves' [n io]Czech:drkolí (Jungmann) `wooden rattle, club' [n io] \{1\}Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:dŕkoɫ `truncheon, baton' [m o];dŕkǝlj `truncheon, baton' [m jo]Page in Pokorny: 214Comments: In all likelihood a compound of drъ `wood' (-> *dȇrvo) and * kol- `stab' (-> * kolti). Unlike the ESSJa, I have reconstructed * drьkolь, * drьkolьje because the evidence points to ь. I agree, however, that the form originally may have had *ъ (cf. Vaillant 1928).Notes: -
6 drьkolьje
drьkolь; drьkolьje Grammatical information: m. i; n. io Proto-Slavic meaning: `stick, club'Page in Trubačev: V 139-140Old Church Slavic:Russian:drekól'e `staves' [n io]Czech:drkolí (Jungmann) `wooden rattle, club' [n io] \{1\}Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:dŕkoɫ `truncheon, baton' [m o];dŕkǝlj `truncheon, baton' [m jo]Page in Pokorny: 214Comments: In all likelihood a compound of drъ `wood' (-> *dȇrvo) and * kol- `stab' (-> * kolti). Unlike the ESSJa, I have reconstructed * drьkolь, * drьkolьje because the evidence points to ь. I agree, however, that the form originally may have had *ъ (cf. Vaillant 1928).Notes: -
7 edìnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
8 edьnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
9 ěrъka
ěrъka Grammatical information: f. āPage in Trubačev: VIII 179-180Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȁrka `spring corn, hen that has laid eggs for the first time' [f ā];jȃrka `spring maize' [f ā];Čak. jãrka (Orbanići) `species of grain' [f ā]Slovene:jȃrka `summer fruit (e.g. of spring rye or wheat), young hen' [f ā]Bulgarian:járka `young chicken' [f ā] -
10 jьměti
jьměti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c \{1\} Proto-Slavic meaning: `have'Page in Trubačev: VIII 226-227Old Church Slavic:Russian:imét' `have (of abstract possession)' [verb], iméju [1sg]Ukrainian:imíty (dial.) `have' [verb];míty (dial.) `have' [verb]Czech:míti `have' [verb]Old Czech:Polish:mieć `have' [verb];imieć (arch.) `have' [verb]Old Polish:imieć `have' [verb];jemieć `have' [verb];jmieć `have' [verb]Slovincian:mjìe̯c `have' [verb], mȯ́u̯m [1sg]Upper Sorbian:měć `have' [verb]Lower Sorbian:měś `have' [verb]Polabian:Serbo-Croatian:Čak. imȅt (Orbanići) `have' [verb], ȉman [1sg]Slovene:imẹ́ti `have' [verb], imȃm [1sg]Bulgarian:ímam `have' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁m-Page in Pokorny: 310Other cognates:Notes: -
11 kъ(n)
kъ(n) Grammatical information: prep. Proto-Slavic meaning: `to'Page in Trubačev: XIII 173-174Old Church Slavic:kъ `to' [prep]Russian:Czech:k(e/u) `to' [prep]Slovak:Polish:ku `to' [prep]Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:k `to' [prep]Bulgarian:kăm `to' [prep]Macedonian:Notes:\{1\} By the beginning of the 18th century, the variant ku had ousted k, which still occurs dialectally. -
12 līcè
līcè Grammatical information: n. jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `cheek, face'Page in Trubačev: XV 75-78Old Church Slavic:Russian:licó `face, person' [n o]Old Russian:Czech:líce `face, (lit.) cheek' [n o]Old Czech:líce `cheek' [n o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:líce `face, appearance' [n o];Čak. līcȅ (Vrgada: obs.) `face, appearance' [n o], lȉca [Nom p];Čak. līcȅ (Novi) `face, appearance' [n o], líca [Nom p];Čak. līcȅ (Orbanići) `cheek' [n o], lĩca [Nom p]Slovene:líce `cheek, face' [n o]Bulgarian:licé `face, appearance, person' [n o]Old Prussian:laygnan (EV) `cheek'Comments: Since the third palatalization is generally considered not to have operated after *ei, one may advance the hypothesis that the root originally had zero grade.Other cognates: -
13 ȍpakъ
ȍpakъ; ȍpako; ȍpaky \{1\} Grammatical information: adv. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `the other way round'Old Church Slavic:Russian:ópak(o) (dial.) `back, backwards, the other way round' [adv]Czech:Old Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:ȍpāk `the other way round' [adj/adv];Čak. ȍpå̄k (Vrgada) `the other way round' [adj/adv]Slovene:opȃk `backwards, the other way round' [adv], opáka [Gens]Bulgarian:ópak `backwards, the other way round' [adv]Indo-European reconstruction: h₂epo-h₃ekw-Comments: The quantitative variation in the second syllable reflects accentual mobility, as pretonic long vowels were shortened but posttonic long vowels were not. The laryngeal of the second syllable had been lost with compensatory lengthening at an earlier stage.Other cognates:Skt. ápāka- (RV+) `located behind, distant, aside' [adj];Skt. ápākā́ (RV) `behind' [adv];Skt. apākā́t (RV) `behind' [adv];OIc. ǫfugr `turned the wrong way, wrong' [adj] -
14 ȍpako
ȍpakъ; ȍpako; ȍpaky \{1\} Grammatical information: adv. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `the other way round'Old Church Slavic:Russian:ópak(o) (dial.) `back, backwards, the other way round' [adv]Czech:Old Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:ȍpāk `the other way round' [adj/adv];Čak. ȍpå̄k (Vrgada) `the other way round' [adj/adv]Slovene:opȃk `backwards, the other way round' [adv], opáka [Gens]Bulgarian:ópak `backwards, the other way round' [adv]Indo-European reconstruction: h₂epo-h₃ekw-Comments: The quantitative variation in the second syllable reflects accentual mobility, as pretonic long vowels were shortened but posttonic long vowels were not. The laryngeal of the second syllable had been lost with compensatory lengthening at an earlier stage.Other cognates:Skt. ápāka- (RV+) `located behind, distant, aside' [adj];Skt. ápākā́ (RV) `behind' [adv];Skt. apākā́t (RV) `behind' [adv];OIc. ǫfugr `turned the wrong way, wrong' [adj] -
15 ȍpaky
ȍpakъ; ȍpako; ȍpaky \{1\} Grammatical information: adv. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `the other way round'Old Church Slavic:Russian:ópak(o) (dial.) `back, backwards, the other way round' [adv]Czech:Old Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:ȍpāk `the other way round' [adj/adv];Čak. ȍpå̄k (Vrgada) `the other way round' [adj/adv]Slovene:opȃk `backwards, the other way round' [adv], opáka [Gens]Bulgarian:ópak `backwards, the other way round' [adv]Indo-European reconstruction: h₂epo-h₃ekw-Comments: The quantitative variation in the second syllable reflects accentual mobility, as pretonic long vowels were shortened but posttonic long vowels were not. The laryngeal of the second syllable had been lost with compensatory lengthening at an earlier stage.Other cognates:Skt. ápāka- (RV+) `located behind, distant, aside' [adj];Skt. ápākā́ (RV) `behind' [adv];Skt. apākā́t (RV) `behind' [adv];OIc. ǫfugr `turned the wrong way, wrong' [adj] -
16 orlьja
orlьja Grammatical information: f. iā Proto-Slavic meaning: `field, arable land'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 177-179Old Russian:Ukrainian:rilljá `ploughed field' [f jā]Czech:rolí (S. dial.) `field, arable land' [n io]Old Czech:rolí `field, arable land' [f iā]Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₂e/orh₃-iH-Page in Pokorny: 62Comments: I assume that the root-final laryngeal had been lost in pretonic position before the word-initial metathesis of liquids. The fact that we find no lengthening is also connected with non-initial stress. Note that in forms such as *ràdlo AP (a) originates from Hirt's law. -
17 vъtorъjь
vъtorъjь Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `second, secondaryOld Church Slavic:Russian:vtorój `second, secondary' [num o] \{2\}Ukrainian:vtóryj `second, secondary' [num o]Polish:wtóry (arch.) `second, secondary' [num o]Slovene:vtóri `second' [num o]Indo-European reconstruction: (h1)ui-tor-o-Comments: The PIE form may have had initial *h₁- < *d- as a result of dissimilation before a following dental. It is not very likely that the PIE form was *n-toro-, with an unparallelled zero grade of the root reflected in Lith. añtras `second', etc.Other cognates:Skt. vitarám (RV) `again, further' [adv];Notes:
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