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i'm+uncertain+whether+to+go+or+not

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1 uncertain

[ʌn'sɜːtn]
aggettivo

1) (unsure) [ person] incerto, insicuro

to be uncertain about — non essere certo o sicuro di

to be uncertain whether to stay — non sapere se restare

2) (not predictable, not known) [future, outcome] incerto

it is uncertain whether there will be a chairman — non si sa se ci sarà un presidente

3) (changeable) [temper, weather] instabile, variabile

4) in no uncertain terms [ state] senza mezzi termini

* * *

adjective

1) ((of a person) not sure; not definitely knowing: I'm uncertain of my future plans; The government is uncertain what is the best thing to do.) incerto

2) (not definitely known or settled: My plans are still uncertain; The uncertain weather delayed our departure.) incerto

•

- uncertainly

* * *
uncertain /ʌnˈsɜ:tn/
a.

1 incerto; dubbio: uncertain weather, tempo incerto; an uncertain future [result, outcome], un futuro [risultato, esito] incerto; It is uncertain whether the concert will take place, non è sicuro che il concerto abbia luogo

2 incerto; indeciso: I'm uncertain whether to go or not, sono indeciso se andare o no; I am uncertain which of the boys he means, non so con certezza a quale dei ragazzi si riferisca; She was uncertain what to do next, non era sicura di cosa fare dopo; I am uncertain about his intentions, non so bene quali siano le sue intenzioni

3 insicuro: She is too young and uncertain to cope with such a situation, è troppo giovane e insicura per gestire una simile situazione

● (antiq.) an uncertain temper, un carattere irascibile □ of uncertain age, ( di persona) di una certa età (o di età indefinibile); ( di reperto, oggetto, ecc.) di età incerta □ in no uncertain terms, esplicitamente; chiaramente: I didn't like his plan and I told him so in no uncertain terms, non mi piaceva il suo piano e gliel'ho detto chiaramente
uncertainly avv.
* * *
[ʌn'sɜːtn]
aggettivo

1) (unsure) [ person] incerto, insicuro

to be uncertain about — non essere certo o sicuro di

to be uncertain whether to stay — non sapere se restare

2) (not predictable, not known) [future, outcome] incerto

it is uncertain whether there will be a chairman — non si sa se ci sarà un presidente

3) (changeable) [temper, weather] instabile, variabile

4) in no uncertain terms [ state] senza mezzi termini

English-Italian dictionary > uncertain
2 whether

whether [ˈweðə^r]

conjunction

   a. ( = if) si

• I don't know whether or not it's true je ne sais pas si c'est vrai ou non

• I don't know whether to go or not je ne sais pas si je dois y aller ou non

• I doubt whether... je doute que... + subj

• I'm not sure whether... je ne suis pas sûr que... + subj

   b. ( = regardless of) que + subj

• whether it rains or (whether it) snows, I'm going out qu'il pleuve ou qu'il neige subj, je sors

• whether or not you go que tu y ailles ou non

   c. ( = either) soit

• whether today or tomorrow soit aujourd'hui soit demain

• whether before or after soit avant soit après

* * *
['weðə(r)], US ['hweðər]
Note: When whether is used to mean if, it is translated by si: I wonder whether she got my letter = je me demande si elle a reçu ma lettre. See 1 in the entry below

whether often occurs after verbs such as ask, doubt, decide, know, say, see and wonder, with adjectives such as doubtful, sure, and with nouns like doubt, question. You can find further examples at these entries

In whether...or not sentences whether is translated by que and the verb that follows is in the subjunctive: whether you agree or not = que vous soyez d'accord ou non. See 2 in the entry below

conjunction

1) (when outcome is uncertain: if) si

I wasn't sure whether to answer or not ou whether or not to answer — je ne savais pas s'il fallait répondre, je n'étais pas sûr qu'il faille répondre

I wonder whether it's true — je me demande si c'est vrai

the question is whether anyone is interested — le problème est de savoir si quelqu'un est intéressé

she was worried about whether to invite them — elle se demandait si elle devait les inviter

2) (when outcome is fixed: no matter if)

you're going to school whether you like it or not! — tu iras à l'école que cela te plaise ou non!

whether you have children or not, this book should interest you — que vous ayez des enfants ou non, ce livre devrait vous intéresser

whether or not people are happy is of little importance — que les gens soient heureux ou non ce n'est pas très important

everyone, whether students or townspeople, celebrates — tout le monde, que ce soient les étudiants ou les habitants de la ville, fait la fête

English-French dictionary > whether
3 uncertain

uncertain

A adj

1 [person] ( unsure) incertain ; to be uncertain about ne pas être certain de ; to be uncertain about what to do ne pas être certain de ce que l'on doit faire ; to be uncertain whether to stay or to leave ne pas savoir si l'on doit partir ou rester ;

2 (not predictable, not known) [future, market, outcome] incertain ; it is uncertain whether there will be a chairperson il n'est pas certain qu'il y ait un président ;

3 ( changeable) [temper, economic conditions] instable ; [weather] variable.

B in no uncertain terms adv phr [state] en termes on ne peut plus clairs ; [express oneself] de façon très directe.

Big English-French dictionary > uncertain
4 whether

whether

❢ When whether is used to mean if, it is translated by si: I wonder whether she got my letter = je me demande si elle a reçu ma lettre. See 1 in the entry below. whether often occurs after verbs such as ask, doubt, decide, know, say, see and wonder, with adjectives such as doubtful, sure, and with nouns like doubt, question. You can find further examples at these entries.

In whether…or not sentences whether is translated by que and the verb that follows is in the subjunctive: whether you agree or not = que vous soyez d'accord ou non. See 2 in the entry below. conj

1 (when outcome is uncertain: if) si ; I wasn't sure whether to answer or not ou whether or not to answer je ne savais pas s'il fallait répondre, je n'étais pas sûr qu'il fallait répondre ; I wonder whether it's true je me demande si c'est vrai ; you can't tell whether she's joking or not c'est impossible de savoir si elle plaisante ; they can't decide whether to buy or rent ils n'arrivent pas à décider s'ils doivent acheter ou louer ; can you check whether it's cooked? est-ce que tu peux vérifier si c'est cuit? ; it's not clear whether they've reached an agreement c'est difficile de savoir s'ils sont tombés d'accord ; the question is whether anyone is interested le problème est de savoir si quelqu'un est intéressé ; she was worried about whether to invite them elle se demandait si elle devait les inviter ;

2 (when outcome is fixed: no matter if) you're going to school whether you like it or not! tu iras à l'école que cela te plaise ou non! ; whether you have children or not, this book should interest you que vous ayez des enfants ou non, ce livre devrait vous intéresser ; whether or not people are happy is of little importance que les gens soient heureux ou non ce n'est pas très important ; they need an adult whether it be a parent or teacher ils ont besoin d'un adulte que ce soit un parent ou un professeur ; everyone, whether students or townspeople, celebrates tout le monde, que ce soient les étudiants ou les habitants de la ville, fait la fête.

Big English-French dictionary > whether
5 uncertain

uncertain [‚ʌn'sɜ:tən]

adjective

(a) (unsure) incertain;

∎ we were uncertain whether to continue or we should continue nous ne savions pas trop si nous devions continuer;

∎ they were uncertain how to begin ils ne savaient pas trop comment commencer;

∎ I feel uncertain about him j'ai des doutes à son sujet;

∎ to be uncertain about sth être inquiet au sujet de ou incertain de qch

(b) (unpredictable → result, outcome) incertain, aléatoire; (→ weather) incertain;

∎ it's uncertain whether we'll succeed or not il n'est pas sûr ou certain que nous réussissions;

∎ in no uncertain terms en termes on ne peut plus clairs, sans mâcher ses mots

(c) (unknown) inconnu, incertain;

∎ the cause of her death is still uncertain la cause de sa mort reste inconnue, on ignore encore la cause de sa mort

(d) (unsteady → voice, steps) hésitant, mal assuré

(e) (undecided → plans) incertain, pas sûr

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > uncertain
6 uncertain

adjective

1) (not sure)

be uncertain [whether...] — sich (Dat.) nicht sicher sein[, ob...]

2) (not clear) ungewiss [Ergebnis, Zukunft, Schicksal]

of uncertain age/origin — unbestimmten Alters/unbestimmter Herkunft

it is still uncertain whether... — es ist noch ungewiss, ob...

it is uncertain who was the inventor — der Erfinder ist nicht [genau] bekannt

3) (unsteady) unsicher [Schritte]

4) (changeable) unbeständig [Charakter, Wetter]

5) (ambiguous) vage

in no uncertain terms — ganz eindeutig

* * *

adjective

1) ((of a person) not sure; not definitely knowing: I'm uncertain of my future plans; The government is uncertain what is the best thing to do.) ungewiß

2) (not definitely known or settled: My plans are still uncertain; The uncertain weather delayed our departure.) unsicher

•

- academic.ru/93112/uncertainly">uncertainly

* * *

un·cer·tain

[ʌnˈsɜ:t^ən, AM -ˈsɜ:r-]

adj

1. (unsure) unsicher

in no \uncertain terms klar und deutlich

▪ to be \uncertain of sth sich dat einer S. gen nicht sicher sein

▪ to be \uncertain whether/when/why/what... nicht sicher sein, ob/wann/warum/was...

2. (unpredictable) ungewiss

the weather is rather \uncertain at the moment das Wetter ist im Moment ziemlich unbeständig

an \uncertain future eine ungewisse Zukunft

3. (volatile) unzuverlässig, unstet

an \uncertain mood eine angespannte Stimmung

an \uncertain temper ein launenhaftes Gemüt

* * *
[ʌn'sɜːtn]
adj

1) (= unsure, unsteady) unsicher; light undeutlich, schwach

I was uncertain as to what to do — ich war unsicher, was ich tun sollte

to be uncertain whether... — sich (dat) nicht sicher sein, ob...

to be uncertain of or about sth — sich (dat) einer Sache (gen)

he's still uncertain of the contract — er ist noch im Ungewissen über den Vertrag

2) (= unknown) date, result ungewiss; origins unbestimmt

a woman of uncertain age (hum) — eine Frau von unbestimmtem Alter

3) (= unreliable) weather, prices unbeständig; temper unberechenbar; judgement unverlässlich, unzuverlässig

4) (= unclear) vage

in no uncertain terms — klar und deutlich, unzweideutig

* * *

uncertain adj (adv uncertainly)

1. unsicher, ungewiss, unbestimmt:

his arrival is uncertain

2. nicht sicher:

be uncertain of ( oder about) sth sich einer Sache nicht sicher sein

3. zweifelhaft, undeutlich, vage (Antwort etc): → term A 2

4. unzuverlässig (Freund etc)

5. unbeständig, veränderlich (Wetter etc), (auch Wesen etc) launenhaft

6. unsicher, verwirrt (Blick etc)

* * *

adjective

1) (not sure)

be uncertain [whether...] — sich (Dat.) nicht sicher sein[, ob...]

2) (not clear) ungewiss [Ergebnis, Zukunft, Schicksal]

of uncertain age/origin — unbestimmten Alters/unbestimmter Herkunft

it is still uncertain whether... — es ist noch ungewiss, ob...

it is uncertain who was the inventor — der Erfinder ist nicht [genau] bekannt

3) (unsteady) unsicher [Schritte]

4) (changeable) unbeständig [Charakter, Wetter]

5) (ambiguous) vage

in no uncertain terms — ganz eindeutig

* * *

adj.

entketten adj.

unsicher adj.

English-german dictionary > uncertain
7 uncertain

adjective

1) ((of a person) not sure; not definitely knowing: I'm uncertain of my future plans; The government is uncertain what is the best thing to do.) incierto

2) (not definitely known or settled: My plans are still uncertain; The uncertain weather delayed our departure.) incierto

•

- uncertainly

uncertain adj

1. inseguro

I'm rather uncertain about what to do no estoy muy seguro de qué hacer

2. incierto

the future is uncertain el futuro es incierto

uncertain

tr[ʌn'sɜːtən]

adjective

1 (not certain) incierto,-a, dudoso,-a

2 (unspecified) indeterminado,-a

3 (indecisive) indeciso,-a

4 (changeable) variable

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be uncertain of/about/as to something no estar seguro de algo

■ he is still uncertain as to his participation aún no sabe seguro si va a participar, aún no está seguro de si va a participar

in no uncertain terms claramente, sin rodeos, sin titubeos

uncertain [.ʌn'sərtən] adj

1) indefinite: indeterminado

2) unsure: incierto, dudoso

3) changeable: inestable, variable

uncertain weather: tiempo inestable

4) hesitant: indeciso

5) vague: poco claro

uncertain

adj.

• aleatorio, -a adj.

• ambiguo, -a adj.

• dudoso, -a adj.

• incierto, -a adj.

• inseguro, -a adj.

'ʌn'sɜːrtṇ, ʌn'sɜːtṇ
adjective

1)

a) ( unsure) (pred)

to be uncertain ABOUT/OF something — no estar* seguro de algo

we're uncertain (as to) whether we should go — no estamos seguros de si debemos ir (o no)

b) ( hesitant) <voice/movement> vacilante

2)

a) ( doubtful) <prospects/future> incierto

it is uncertain who will win — no está claro quién va a ganar

b) (changeable, unreliable) <weather/situation> inestable

3) ( vague)

in no uncertain terms — muy claramente, inequívocamente

[ʌn'sɜːtn]
ADJ
1) (=unsure)

for a moment he looked uncertain — por un momento pareció no estar seguro

• to be uncertain about/of sth — no estar seguro de algo

she is uncertain about the future/what to do next/how to proceed — no está segura sobre el futuro/de qué hacer ahora/de cómo proceder

• I am uncertain as to whether she was involved in the accident — no estoy seguro si ella estuvo implicada en el accidente

• I am uncertain whether to accept — no estoy seguro si aceptar

2) (=doubtful) [future, outcome, destiny] incierto

the fate of the refugees remains uncertain — la suerte de los refugiados sigue siendo incierta or sigue sin conocerse

in no uncertain terms — sin dejar lugar a dudas, claramente

3) (=changeable) [conditions] inestable; [weather, temper] variable

we live in uncertain times — vivimos en unos tiempos muy inestables

4) (=indecisive) [voice] indeciso; [smile] tímido, indeciso; [step] vacilante

5) (=indeterminate) indeterminado

a smartly-dressed man of uncertain age — un hombre elegantemente vestido de edad indeterminada

* * *
['ʌn'sɜːrtṇ, ʌn'sɜːtṇ]
adjective

1)

a) ( unsure) (pred)

to be uncertain ABOUT/OF something — no estar* seguro de algo

we're uncertain (as to) whether we should go — no estamos seguros de si debemos ir (o no)

b) ( hesitant) <voice/movement> vacilante

2)

a) ( doubtful) <prospects/future> incierto

it is uncertain who will win — no está claro quién va a ganar

b) (changeable, unreliable) <weather/situation> inestable

3) ( vague)

in no uncertain terms — muy claramente, inequívocamente

English-spanish dictionary > uncertain
8 whether

{'weðə}
I. cj дали (или не)
to be in doubt WHETHER не съм сигурен дали
WHETHER or no/not дали... или (не), във всеки случай, така или иначе, и в единия, и в другия случай
II. pron ост. кой от двамата

* * *

{'weъ} cj дали (или не); to be in doubt whether не съм сигурен дал(2) {'weъ} pron ост. кой от двамата.

* * *

cj дали;whether; cj дали (или не); to be in doubt whether не съм сигурен дали; whether or no/not 1) дали... или

* * *
1. i. cj дали (или не) 2. ii. pron ост. кой от двамата 3. to be in doubt whether не съм сигурен дали 4. whether or no/not дали... или (не), във всеки случай, така или иначе, и в единия, и в другия случай
* * *

whether[´weðə] I. cj 1. дали (или не); to be in doubt ( uncertain, anxious) \whether не съм сигурен (загрижен съм) дали; 2. независимо дали, така или иначе; beers of all kinds \whether bottled or draught бира от всякакъв вид, както бутилирана, така и наливна; \whether or no ( not) и в единия, и в другия случай; така или иначе; II. pron ост. кой от двамата.

English-Bulgarian dictionary > whether
9 FARA

go

* * *

(fer; fór, fórum; farinn), v.

1) to move, pass along, go;

gekk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went;

fara heim (heiman), to go home (from home);

fara á fund e-s to visit one;

fjöld ek fór, I travelled much;

hann sagði, hversu orð fóru með þeim, what words passed between them;

absol., to go begging (ómagar, er þar eigu at fara í því þingi);

2) with ‘ferð, leið’ or the like added in acc., gen., or dat.;

fara leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, proceed on one’s journey (= fara ferðar sinnar or ferða sinna, fara ferð sina, fara för sina, förum sínum);

fara þessa ferð, to make this journey;

fara fullum dagleiðum, to travel a full days journeys;

fara stefnuför, to go a-summoning;

fara bónorðsför, to go a-wooing;

fara sigrför, to go on the path of victory, to triumph;

fara góða för, to make a lucky journey;

fig., fara ósigr, to be defeated;

fara mikinn skaða, to suffer great damage;

fara hneykju, skömm, to incur disgrace;

fara erendleysu, to fail in one’s errand;

with the road in acc. (fara fjöll ok dala);

3) fara búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode;

fara eldi ok arni, to move one’s hearth and fire;

4) fara einn saman, to go alone;

fara eigi ein saman, to go with child (= fara með barni);

5) with infin.;

fara sofa, to go to sleep (allir menn vóru sofa farnir);

fara vega, to go to fight;

fara leita, to go seeking (var leita farit);

6) with an a., etc.;

fara villr, to go astray;

fara haltr, to walk lame;

fara vanstiltr, to go out of one’s mind;

fara duldr e-s, to be unaware of;

fara andvígr e-m, to give battle;

fara leyniliga (leynt), to be kept secret;

eigi má þetta svá fara, this cannot go on in that way;

fjarri ferr þat, far from it, by no means;

fór þat fjarri, at ek vilda, I was far from desiring it;

7) to turn out, end;

fór þat sem líkligt var, it turned out as was likely (viz. ended ill);

svá fór, at, the end was, that;

ef svá ferr sem ek get til, if it turns out as I guess;

á sómu leið fór um aðra sendimenn, it went the same way with the other messengers;

8) to fare well, ill;

biðja e-n vel fara, to bid one farewell;

9) to suit, fit, esp. of clothes, hair (ekki þykkir mér kyrtill þinn fara betr en stakkr minn; hárit fór vel);

impers., fór illa á hestinum, it sat ill on the horse;

10) impers., e-m ferr vel, illa, one behaves or acts well, ill;

honum hafa öll málin verst farit, he has behaved worst in the whole matter;

e-m ferr vinveittliga, one behaves in a friendly way;

11) fara e-t höndum, to touch with the hands, esp. of a healing touch, = fara höndum um e-t (bið hann fara höndum meinit);

fara land herskildi, brandi, to visit a land with ‘warshield’, with fire, to ravage or devastate it (gekk síðan á land upp með liði sínu ok fór alit herskildi);

12) to overtake (Án hrísmagi var þeirra skjótastr ok gat farit sveininn);

tunglit ferr sólina, the moon overtakes the sun;

áðr hana Fenrir fari, before F. overtakes her;

13) to ill-treat, treat cruelly;

menn sá ek þá, er mjök höfðu hungri farit hörund, that had chastened their flesh with much fasting;

14) to put an end to, destroy;

fara sér (sjálfr), to kill oneself;

fara lífi (fjörvi) e-s, to deprive one of life;

þú hefir sigr vegit ok Fáfni (dat.) um farit, killed F.;

15) to forfeit (fara löndum ok lausafé);

16) refl., farast;

17) with preps. and advs.:

fara af klæðum, to take off one’s clothes;

fara at e-m, to make an attack upon, to assault (eigi mundi í annat sinn vænna at fara at jarlinum);

fara at e-u, to mind, pay heed to;

ekki fer ek at, þótt þú hafir svelt þik til fjár (it does not matter to me, I do not care, though);

to deal with a thing, proceed in a certain way;

svá skal at sókn fara, thus is the pleading to be proceeded with;

fara at lögum, úlögum, to proceed lawfully, unlawfully;

fara mjúkliga at, to proceed gently;

hér skulu við fara at með ráðum, act with, deliberation;

impers. with dat., to do, behave;

illa hefir mér at farit, I have done my business badly; to go in pusuit (search) of (víkingar nökkurir þeir sem fóru at féföngum);

fara at fuglaveiðum, to go a-fowling;

fara at fé, to tend sheep;

fara á e-n, to come upon one;

sigu saman augu, þá er dauðinn fór á, when death seized him;

fara á hæl or hæli, to step back, retreat;

fara eptir e-m, to follow one;

fara eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (Snorri goði fór eptir líkinu; fara eptir vatni); to accommodate oneself to, conform to (engi vildi eptir öðrum fara);

þau orð er eptir fara, the following words;

fara fram, to go on, take place;

ef eigi ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes place;

veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast went on well;

spyrr, hvat þar fœri fram, he asked, what was going on there;

fara fram ráðum e-s, to follow one’s advice;

allt mun þat sínu fram fara, it will take its own course;

kváðu þat engu gegna ok fóru sínu fram, took their own way;

segir honum, hversu þeir fóru fram, how they acted;

fara e-t fram, to do., perform a thing;

spyrr hann, hvat nú sé fram faranda, what is to be done;

fara fyrir e-t, to pass for, be taken for (fari sá fyrir níðing, er);

fara hjá sér, to be beside oneself;

fara í e-t, to go into (fara í tunnu);

fara í sæng, rekkju, to go to bed;

fara í sess sinn, sæti sitt, to take one’s seat;

fara í klæði, to put on clothes, dress;

fara í vápn, brynju, to put on armour;

fara í lag, to go right or straight again (þá fóru brýnn hans í lag);

fara í vöxt, to increase;

fara í þurð, to wane;

fara í hernað, víking, to go a-freebooting;

nú ferr í úvænt efni, now matters look hopeless;

to happen, occur (alit þat, er í hafði farit um nóttina);

fara með e-t, to wield handle, manage;

fór Hroptr með Gungni, H. wielded (the spear) Gungnir;

fara með goðorð, to hold a goðorð;

fara með sök, to manage a lawsuit;

to practice, deal in;

fara með rán, to deal in robbery;

fara með spott ok háð, to go scoffing and mocking;

fara með galdra ok fjölkyngi, to practice sorcery;

to deal with, treat, handle (þú munt bezt ok hógligast með hann fara);

fara af hljóði með e-t, to keep matters secret;

fara með e-m, to go with one, follow one (ek skal með yðr fara með allan minn styrk);

fara með e-u, to do (so and so) with a thing, to deal with, manage;

hvernig þeir skyldu fara með vápnum sínum, what they were to do with their weapons;

sá maðr, er með arfinum ferr, who manages the inheritance;

fara með málum sínum, to manage one’s case;

fara vel með sínum háttum, to bear oneself well;

undarliga fara munkar þessir með sér, these monks behave strangely;

fara með barni, to go with child;

impers., ferr með þeim heldr fáliga, they are on indifferent terms;

fara ór landi, to leave the country;

fara ór klæðum, fötum, to take off one’s clothes, undress;

fara saman, to go together; to shake, shudder;

fór en forna fold öll saman, shivered all through;

to concur, agree (hversu má þat saman f);

fara til svefns, to go to sleep (= fara at sofa);

fara um e-t, to travel over (fara um fjall);

fara höndum um e-n, to stroke or touch one with the hands (hann fór höndum um þá, er sjúkir vóru);

fara mörgum orðum um e-t, to dilate upon a subject;

fara myrkt um e-t, to keep a matter dark;

fara undan, to excuse oneself (from doing a thing), to decline, refuse (hvat berr til, at þú ferr undan at gera mér veizluna);

borð fara upp, the tables are removed;

fara út, to go from Norway to Iceland; to come to a close, run out (fóru svá út þessir fimm vetr);

fara útan, to go abroad (from Iceland);

fara við e-n, to treat one, deal with one in a certain way;

margs á, ek minnast, hve við mik fóruð, I have many things to remember of your dealings with me;

fara yfir e-t, to go through;

nú er yfir farit um landnám, now an account of the settlements has been given;

skjótt yfir at fara, to be brief.

* * *

pret. fóra, 2nd pers. fórt, mod. fórst, pl. fóru; pres. ferr, 2nd pers. ferr, in mod. pronunciation ferð; pret. subj. færa; imperat. far and farðu (= far þú); sup. farit; part. farinn; with the suffixed neg. fór-a, Am. 45; farið-a ( depart not), Hkr. i. 115 MS. (in a verse). [In the Icel. scarcely any other verb is in so freq. use as fara, as it denotes any motion; not so in other Teut. idioms; in Ulf. faran is only used once, viz. Luke x. 7; Goth. farjan means to sail, and this seems to be the original sense of fara (vide far); A. S. faran; the Germ. fahren and Engl. fare are used in a limited sense; in the Engl. Bible this word never occurs (Cruden); Swed. fara; Dan. fare.]

A. NEUT. to go, fare, travel, in the widest sense; gékk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went, Hkr. i. 100; né ek flý þó ek ferr, I fly not though I fare, Edda (in a verse); létt er lauss at fara (a proverb), Sl. 37: the saying, verðr hverr með sjálfum sér lengst at fara, Gísl. 25; cp. ‘dass von sich selbst der Mensch nicht scheiden kann’ (Göthe’s Tasso), or the Lat. ‘patriae quis exul se quoque fugit?’ usually in the sense to go, to depart, heill þú farir, heill þú aptr komir, Vþm. 4; but also to come, far þú hingat til mín, come here, Nj. 2.

2. to travel, go forth or through, pass, or the like; þú skalt fara í Kirkjubæ, Nj. 74; fara ór landi, to fare forth from one’s country, Fms. v. 24; kjóll ferr austan, Vsp. 51; Surtr ferr sunnan, 52; snjór var mikill, ok íllt at fara, and ill to pass, Fms. ix. 491; fóru þeir út eptir ánni, Eg. 81; siðan fór Egill fram með skóginum, 531; þeim sem hann vildi at færi … Njáll hét at fara, Nj. 49; fara munu vér, Eg. 579; Egill fór til þess er hann kom til Álfs. 577, Fms. xi. 122; fara þeir nú af melinum á sléttuna. Eg. 747; fara heiman, to fare forth from one’s home, K. Þ. K. 6; alls mik fara tíðir, Vþm. 1; fjölð ek fór, far I fared, i. e. travelled far, 3: the phrase, fara utan, to fare outwards, go abroad (from Iceland), passim; fara vestr um haf, to fare westward over the sea, i. e. to the British Isles, Hkr. i. 101; fara á fund e-s, to visit one, Ld. 62; fara at heimboði, to go to a feast, id.; fara fæti, to fare a-foot, go walking, Hkr.; absol. fara, to travel, beg, hence föru-maðr, a vagrant, beggar; in olden times the poor went their rounds from house to house within a certain district, cp. Grág. i. 85; ómagar er þar eigu at fara í því þingi eðr um þau þing, id.; ómagar skolu fara, 119; omegð þá er þar ferr, 296: in mod. usage, fara um and um-ferð, begging, going round.

β. with prep.: fara at e-m, to make an inroad upon one, Nj. 93, 94, 102 (cp. at-för); fara á e-n, to mount, e. g. fara á bak, to mount on horseback; metaph., dauðinn fór á, death seized him, Fms. xi. 150; f. saman, to go together, Edda 121, Grág. ii. 256; f. saman also means to shudder. Germ. zusammenfahren, Hým. 24: metaph. to concur, agree, hversu má þat saman f., Nj. 192; þeim þótti þat mjök saman f., Fms. iv. 382; fara á hæl, or á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. step back. retreat, xi. 278, Eg. 296; fara undan, metaph. to excuse oneself, refuse (v. undan), Nj. 23, Fms. x. 227; fara fyrir, to proceed; fara eptir, to follow.

3. with ferð, leið or the like added, in acc. or gen. to go one’s way; fara leiðar sinnar, to proceed on one’s journey, Eg. 81, 477, Fms. i. 10, Grág. ii. 119; fara ferðar sinnar, or ferða sinna, id.. Eg. 180, Fms. iv. 125; fara derð sina, id.. Eg. 568; fara förum sínum, or för sinní, id., K. Þ. K. 80, 90; fara dagfari ok náttfari, to travel day and night, Fms. i. 203; fara fullum dagleiðum, to go full days-journeys, Grág. i. 91; or in a more special sense, fara þessa ferð, to make this journey, Fas. ii. 117; f. stefnu-för, to go a-summoning; f. bónorðs-för, to go a-courting, Nj. 148; f. sigr-för, to go on the way of victory, to triumph, Eg. 21; fara sendi-för, to go on a message, 540.

β. in a metaph. sense; fara hneykju-för, to be shamefully beaten, Hrafn. 19 (MS.); fara ósigr, to be defeated, Eg. 287; fara mikinn skaða, to ‘fare’ (i. e. suffer) great damage, Karl. 43; fara því verrum förum, fara skömm, hneykju, erendleysu, úsæmð, to get the worst of it, Fms. viii. 125.

4. with the road in acc.; hann fór Vánar-skarð, Landn. 226; f. sjó-veg, land-veg, K. Þ. K. 24; fór mörg lönd ok stórar merkr, Fas. ii. 540; fara sömu leið, Fms. i. 70; f. sama veg, Luke x. 31; f. fjöll ok dala, Barl. 104; fara út-leið, þjóð-leið, Fms. iv. 260; also, fara um veg, fara um fjall, to cross a fell, Hm. 3; fara liði, to march, Fms. i. 110.

II. in a more indefinite sense, to go; fara búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode, Ld. 56, Hkr. ii. 177, Nj. 151, Vigl. 30; fara búferla, to more one’s household, Grág. ii. 409; fara vöflunarförum, to go a-begging, i. 163, 294, ii. 482.

2. the phrases, fara eldi ok arni, a law term, to move one’s hearth and fire. Grág. ii. 253; fara eldi um land, a heathen rite for taking possession of land, defined in Landn. 276. cp. Eb. 8, Landn. 189, 284.

3. fara einn-saman, to be alone. Grág. ii. 9; the phrase, f. eigi einn-saman, to be not alone, i. e. with child, Fms. iii. 109; or, fór hón með svein þann, Bs. i. 437; cp. ganga með barni.

4. adding an adj., to denote gait, pace, or the like; fara snúðigt, to stride haughtily, Nj. 100; fara mikinn, to rush on, 143; fara flatt, to fall flat, tumble, Bárð. 177; fara hægt, to walk slowly.

β. fara til svefns, to go to sleep, Nj. 35; f. í sæti sitt, to go to one’s seat, 129; f. í sess, Vþm. 9; f. á bekk, 19; fara á sæng, to go to bed, N. G. L. i. 30; fara í rúmið, id. (mod.); fara í mannjöfnuð, Ísl. ii. 214; fara í lag, to be put straight, Eg. 306; fara í vöxt, to wax, increase, Fms. ix. 430, Al. 141; fara í þurð, to wane, Ld. 122, l. 1 (MS.); fara í úefni, to go to the wrong side, Sturl. iii. 210; fara at skakka, to be odd ( not even). Sturl. ii. 258; fara at sölum, to be put out for sale, Grág. ii. 204.

5. fara at fuglum, to go a-fowling, Orkn. (in a verse); fara at fugla-veiðum, id., Bb. 3. 36; fara í hernað, í víking, to go a-freebooting, Fms. i. 33, Landn. 31; fara at fé, to watch sheep, Ld. 240; fara at fé-föngum, to go a-fetching booty, Fms. vii. 78.

β. with infin., denoting one’s ‘doing’ or ‘being;’ fara sofa, to go to sleep, Eg. 377; fara vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 54, Gm. 23; fara at róa, Vígl. 22; fara leita, to go seeking, Fms. x. 240; fara að búa, to set up a household, Bb. 2. 6; fara að hátta, to go to bed.

γ. akin to this is the mod. use of fara with an infin. following in the sense to begin, as in the East Angl. counties of Engl. it ‘fares’ to …, i. e. it begins, is likely to be or to do so and so; það fer að birta, það er farit að dimma, it ‘fares’ to grow dark; það fer að hvessa, it ‘fares’ to blow; fer að rigna, it ‘fares’ to rain. etc.:—no instance of this usage is recorded in old Icel., but the Engl. usage shews that it must be old.

δ. with an adj. etc.; fara villr, to go astray, Sks. 565; fara haltr, to go lame, Fms. x. 420; fara vanstiltr, to go out of one’s mind, 264; fara hjá sér, to be beside oneself, Eb. 270; fara apr, to feel chilly, Fms. vi. 237 (in a verse); fara duldr e-s, to be unaware of, Skálda 187 (in a verse); fara andvígr e-m, to give battle, Stor. 8; fara leyniliga, to go secretly, be kept hidden, Nj. 49.

6. to pass; fór sú skipan til Íslands, Fms. x. 23; fara þessi mál til þings, Nj. 100; hversu orð fóru með þeim, how words passed between them, 90; fóru þau orð um, the runner went abroad, Fms. i. 12; ferr orð er um munn líðr (a saying), iv. 279; þá fór ferligt úorðan, a bad report went abroad, Hom. 115.

7. fara fram, to go on, take place; ferr þetta fram, Ld. 258; ef eigi ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes place, K. Þ. K. 64; ferr svá fram, and so things went on without a break, Nj. 11, Eg. 711; veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast went on well, Nj. 11, 51; spyrr hvat þar færi fram, he asked what there was going on. Band. 17; fór allt á sömu leið sem fyrr, it went on all the same as before, Fms. iv. 112; fara fram ráðum e-s, to follow one’s advice, Nj. 5, 66, Fms. vii. 318; allt mun þat sínu fram f., it will take its own course, Nj. 259; nú er því ferr fram um hríð, it went on so for a while, Fms. xi. 108; a law term, to be produced, gögn fara fram til varnar, Grág. i. 65; dómar fara út, the court is set (vide dómr), Grág., Nj., passim.

8. borð fara upp brott, the tables are removed (vide borð), Eg. 247, 551; eigi má þetta svá f., this cannot go on in that way, Nj. 87; fjarri ferr þat, far from it, by no means, 134; fór þat fjarri at ek vilda, Ld. 12; fór þat ok svá til, and so if came to pass, Fms. x. 212.

9. to turn out, end; hversu ætlar þú fara hesta-atið, Nj. 90; fór þat sem likligt var, it turned out as was likely (i. e. ended ill). Eg. 46; svá fór, at …, the end was, that …, Grett. 81 new Ed.; ef svá ferr sem ek get til, if it turns out as I guess, Dropl. 30, Vígl. 21; ef svá ferr sem mín orð horfa til, Fms. v. 24; ef svá ferr sem mik varir, if it comes to pass as it seems to me, vi. 350; svá fór um sjóferð þá, Bjarni 202; á sömu leið fór um aðra sendi-menn, Eg. 537; to depart, die, þar fór nýtr maðr, Fs. 39; fara danða-yrði, to pass the death-weird, to die, Ýt. 8.

10. to fare well, ill, in addressing; fari þér vel, fare ye well, Nj. 7; biðja e-n vel fara, to bid one farewell, Eg. 22, Ld. 62; far heill ok sæll, Fms. vii. 197: in a bad sense, far þú nú þar, ill betide thee! Hbl. 60; far (impers.) manna armastr, Eg. 553; Jökull bað hann fara bræla armastan, Finnb. 306; fari þér í svá gramendr allir, Dropl. 23.

11. fara í fat, í brynju (acc.), etc., to dress, undress; but fara ór fötum (dat.), to undress, Fms. x. 16, xi. 132, vii. 202, Nj. 143, Gh. 16, etc.

III. metaph.,

1. to suit, fit, esp. of clothes, hair, or the like; ekki þykkir mér kyrtill þinn fara betr en stakkr minn, Fas. ii. 343; hárið fór vel, Nj. 30; jarpr á hár ok fór vel hárit, Fms. ii. 7; gult hár sem silki ok fór fagrliga, vi. 438, Fs. 88; klæði sem bezt farandi, Eb. 256; var sú konan bezt f., the most graceful, lady-like, Ísl. ii. 438; fór ílla á hestinum, it sat ill on the horse, Bs. i. 712.

2. impers. it goes so and so with one, i. e. one behaves so and so: e-m ferr vel, ílla, etc., one behaves well, ill, etc.; honum hafa öll málin verst farit, he has behaved worst in the whole matter, Nj. 210; bezta ferr þér, Fms. vii. 33; vel mun þér fara, Nj. 55; at honum fari vel, 64; þer hefir vel farit til mín, Finnb. 238; e-m ferr vinveittliga, one behaves in a friendly way, Nj. 217; ferr þér þá bezt jafnan ok höfðinglegast er mest liggr við, 228; mun honum nokkurn veg vel f., Hrafn. 10; údrengiliga hefir þér farit til vár, Ld. 48; ferr þér illa, Nj. 57; hversu Gunnari fór, how ( well) G. behaved, 119.

3. fara at e-u, to deal with a thing (i. e. proceed) so and so; svá skal at sókn fara, thus is the pleading to be proceeded with, Grág. i. 323; svá skal at því f. at beiða …, 7; fara at lögum, or úlögum at e-u, to proceed lawfully or unlawfully, 126; hversu at skyldi f., how they were to proceed, Nj. 114; fara mjúklega at, to proceed gently, Fms. vii. 18; hér skulu vér f. at með ráðum, to act with deliberation, Eg. 582; Flosi fór at öngu óðara ( took matters calmly), en hann væri heima, Nj. 220.

β. impers. with dat., to do, behave; ílla hefir mér at farit, I have done my business badly, Hrafn. 8; veit Guð hversu hverjum manni mun at f., Fms. x. 212: in mod. phrases, to become, ironically, þér ferr það, or þér ferst það, it becomes thee, i. e. ‘tis too bad of thee.

γ. hví ferr konungrinn nú svá (viz. at), Fms. i. 35; er slíkt úsæmiliga farit, so shamefully done, Nj. 82; hér ferr vænt at, here things go merrily, 232; karlmannliga er farit, manfully done, 144.

δ. to mind, care about; ekki ferr ek at, þótt þú hafir svelt þik til fjár, it does not matter to me, I do not care, though …, Nj. 18; ekki munu vit at því fara ( never mind that), segir Helgi, 133.

ε. fara eptir, to be in proportion; hér eptir fór vöxtr ok afl, his strength and stature were in proportion, Clar.

4. fara með e-t, to wield, handle, manage; fór Hroptr með Gungni, H. wielded Gungni ( the spear), Kormak; f. með Gríðar-völ, to wield the staff G., Þd. 9: as a law term, to wield, possess; fara með goðorð, to keep a goðorð, esp. during the session of parliament, Dropl. 8, Grág. and Nj. passim; fara með sök, to manage a lawsuit, Grág., Nj.; or, fara við sök, id., Nj. 86.

β. metaph. to practise, deal in; fara með rán, to deal in robbing, Nj. 73; fara með spott ok háð, to go sporting and mocking, 66; f. með fals ok dár, Pass. 16. 5; fara með galdra ok fjölkyngi, K. Þ. K. 76; f. með hindr-vitni, Grett. 111; cp. the phrase, farðu ekki með það, don’t talk such nonsense.

γ. to deal with, treat, handle; þú munt bezt ok hógligast með hann fara, thou wilt deal with him most kindly and most gently, Nj. 219; fara af hljóði með e-t, to keep matters secret, id.; Ingimundr fór vel með sögum (better than sögur, acc.), Ing. dealt well with stories, was a good historian. Sturl. i. 9.

δ. with dat.; fara með e-u, to do so and so with a thing, manage it; hversu þeir skyldi fara með vápnum sínum, how they were to do with their weapons, Fms. ix. 509; sá maðr er með arfinum ferr, who manages the arfr, Grág. i. 217; ef þeir fara annan veg með því fé, 216; fara með málum sínum, to manage one’s case, 46; meðan hann ferr svá með sem mælt er, 93; Gunnarr fór með öllu ( acted in all) sem honum var ráð til kennt, Nj. 100; ef svá er með farit, Ld. 152; f. vel með sínum háttum, to bear oneself well, behave well, Eg. 65; Hrafn fór með sér vel, H. bore himself well, Fms. vi. 109; undarliga fara munkar þessir með sér, they behave strangely, 188; við förum kynlega með okkrum málum, Nj. 130; vant þyki mér með slíku at fara, difficult matters to have to do with, 75; f. málum á hendr e-m, to bring an action against one, Ld. 138; fara sókn ( to proceed) sem at þingadómi, Grág. i. 463; fara svá öllu máli um sem …, 40, ii. 348; fara með hlátri ok gapi, to go laughing and scoffing, Nj. 220; cp. β above.

IV. fara um, yfir e-t, to pass over slightly; nú er yfir farit um landnám, shortly told, touched upon, Landn. 320; skjótt yfir at f., to be brief, 656 A. 12; fara myrkt um e-t, to mystify a thing, Ld. 322; fara mörgum orðum um e-t, to dilate upon a subject, Fbr. 124, Nj. 248, Fms. ix. 264.

β. in the phrase, fara höndum um e-t, to go with the hands about a thing, to touch it, Germ. befühlen, esp. medic. of a healing touch; jafnan fengu menn heilsubót af handlögum hans, af því er hann fór höndum um þá er sjúkir vóru, Játv. 24; ok pá fór hann höndum um hann, Bs. i. 644; þá lét Arnoddr fara aðra höndina um hann, ok fann at hann var berfættr ok í línklæðum. Dropl. 30; cp. fóru hendr hvítar hennar um þessar görvar, Fas. i. 248 (in a verse): note the curious mod. phrase, það fer að fara um mig, I began to feel uneasy, as from a cold touch or the like.

γ. impers. with dat.; eigi ferr þér nær Gunnari, en Merði mundi við þik, thou camest not nearer to G. than Mord would to thee, i. e. thou art just as far from being a match for G. as Mord is to thee, Nj. 37; þá ferr honum sem öðrum, it came to pass with him as with others, 172; þá mun mér first um fara, I shall fall much short of that, Fms. vi. 362; því betr er þeim ferr öllum verr at, the worse they fare the better I am pleased, Nj. 217.

V. reflex., esp. of a journey, to fare well; fórsk þeim vel, they fared well, Eg. 392, Fms. xi. 22; honum fersk vel vegrinn, he proceeded well on his journey, ii. 81; hafði allt farizt vel at, all had fared well, they had had a prosperous journey, Íb. 10; fórsk þeim þá seint um daginn, they proceeded slowly, Eg. 544; mönnum fórsk eigi vel um fenit, Fms. vii. 149; hversu þeim hafði farizk, Nj. 90; at þeim færisk vel, Ísl. ii. 343, 208, v. l.: the phrase, hamri fórsk í hægri hönd, he grasped the hammer in his right hand, Bragi; farask lönd undir, to subdue lands, Hkr. i. 134, v. l. (in a verse).

2. recipr., farask hjá, to go beside one another, miss one another, pass without meeting, Nj. 9; farask á mis, id., farask í móti, to march against one another, of two hosts; þat bar svá til at hvárigir vissu til annarra ok fórusk þó í móti, Fms. viii. 63, x. 46, Fas. ii. 515.

VI. part.,

1. act., koma farandi, to come of a sudden or by chance; þá kómu hjarðsveinar þar at farandi, some shepherds just came, Eg. 380; Moses kom farandi til fólksins, Sks. 574; koma inn farandi, 369, Fbr. 25.

2. pass. farinn, in the phrase, á förnum vegi, on ‘wayfaring,’ i. e. in travelling, passing by; finna e-n á förnum vegi, Nj. 258, K. Þ. K. 6; kveðja fjárins á förnum vegi, Grág. i. 403; also, fara um farinn veg, to pass on one’s journey; of the sun. sól var skamt farin, the sun was little advanced, i. e. early in the morning, Fms. xi. 267, viii. 146; þá var dagr alljós ok sól farin, broad day and sun high in the sky, Eg. 219; also impers., sól (dat.) var skamt farit, Úlf. 4. 10: the phrase, aldri farinn, stricken in years, Sturl. i. 212; vel farinn í andliti, well-favoured, Ld. 274; vel at orði farinn, well spoken, eloquent, Fms. xi. 193; mod., vel orði, máli farinn, and so Ld. 122; gone, þar eru baugar farnir, Grág. ii. 172; þó fætrnir sé farnir, Fas. iii. 308.

β. impers. in the phrase, e-m er þannig farit, one is so and so; veðri var þannig farit, at …, the winter was such, that …, Fms. xi. 34; veðri var svá farit at myrkt var um at litask, i. e. the weather was gloomy, Grett. 111; hversu landinu er farit, what is the condition of the country, Sks. 181; henni er þannig farit, at hón er mikil ey, löng …, ( the island) is so shapen, that it is large and long, Hkr. ii. 188; er eigi einn veg farit úgæfu okkari, our ill-luck is not of one piece, Nj. 183: metaph. of state, disposition, character, er hánum vel farit, he is a well-favoured man, 15; undarliga er yðr farit, ye are strange men, 154; honum var svá farit, at hann var vesal-menni, Boll. 352: adding the prepp. at, til, þeim var úlíkt farit at í mörgu, they were at variance in many respects, Hkr. iii. 97; nú er annan veg til farit, now matters are altered, Nj. 226; nú er svá til farit, at ek vil …, now the case is, that I wish …, Eg. 714; hér er þannig til farit, … at leiðin, 582; þar var þannig til farit, Fms. xi. 34. ☞ Hence comes the mod. form varið (v instead of f), which also occurs in MSS. of the 15th century—veðri var svá varit, Sd. 181; ér honum vel varið, Lv. 80, Ld. 266, v. l.; svá er til varið, Sks. 223, 224,—all of them paper MSS. The phrase, e-m er nær farit, one is pressed; svá var honum nær farit af öllu samt, vökum ok föstu, he was nearly overcome from want of sleep and fasting.

B. TRANS.

I. with acc.:

1. to visit; fara land herskildi, brandi, etc., to visit a land with ‘war-shield,’ fire, etc., i. e. devastate it; gékk siðan á land upp með liði sínu, ok fór allt herskildi, Fms. i. 131; land þetta mundi herskildi farit, ok leggjask undir útlenda höfðingja, iv. 357; (hann) lét Halland farit brandi, vii. 4 (in a verse); hann fór lvist eldi, 41 (in a verse); hann hefir farit öll eylönd brandi, 46 (in a verse); fara hungri hörund, to emaciate the body, of an ascetic, Sl. 71.

2. to overtake, with acc.; hann gat ekki farit hann, he could not overtake ( catch) him, 623. 17; tunglit ferr sólina, the moon overtakes the sun, Rb. 116; áðr hana Fenrir fari, before Fenrir overtakes her, Vþm. 46, 47; knegut oss fálur fara, ye witches cannot take us, Hkv. Hjörv. 13; hann gat farit fjóra menn af liði Steinólfs, ok drap þá alla, … hann gat farit þá hjá Steinólfsdal, Gullþ. 29; hann reið eptir þeim, ok gat farit þá út hjá Svelgsá, milli ok Hóla, Eb. 180; Án hrísmagi var þeirra skjótastr ok getr farit sveininn, Ld. 242; viku þeir þá enn undan sem skjótast svá at Danir gátu eigi farit þá, Fms. (Knytl. S.) xi. 377 (MS., in the Ed. wrongly altered to náð þeim); hérinn hljóp undan, ok gátu hundarnir ekki farit hann (Ed. fráit wrongly), Fas. iii. 374; ok renna allir eptir þeim manni er víg vakti, … ok verðr hann farinn, Gþl. 146: cp. the phrase, vera farinn, to dwell, live, to be found here and there; þótt hann sé firr um farinn, Hm. 33.

II. with dat. to destroy, make to perish; f. sér, to make away with oneself; kona hans fór sér í dísar-sal, she killed herself, Fas. i. 527; hón varð stygg ok vildi fara sér, Landn. (Hb.) 55; ef þér gangit fyrir hamra ofan ok farit yðr sjálfir, Fms. viii. 53; hví ætla menn at hann mundi vilja f. sér sjálfr, iii. 59; fara lífi, fjörvi, öndu, id.; skal hann heldr eta, en fara öndu sinni, than starve oneself to death, K. Þ. K. 130; ok verðr þá þínu fjörvi um farit, Lv. 57, Ýt. 20, Fas. i. 426 (in a verse), cp. Hkv. Hjörv. 13; mínu fjörvi at fara, Fm. 5; þú hefir sigr vegit, ok Fáfni (dat.) um farit, 23; farit hafði hann allri ætt Geirmímis, Hkv. 1. 14; ok létu hans fjörvi farit, Sól. 22; hann hafði farit mörgum manni, O. H. L. 11.

β. to forfeit; fara sýknu sinni, Grág. i. 98; fara löndum ok lausafé, ii. 167.

2. reflex. to perish (but esp. freq. in the sense to be drowned, perish in the sea); farask af sulti, to die of hunger, Fms. ii. 226; fellr fjöldi manns í díkit ok farask þar, v. 281; fórusk sex hundruð Vinda skipa, xi. 369; alls fórusk níu menn, Ísl. ii. 385; mun heimr farask, Eluc. 43; þá er himin ok jörð hefir farisk, Edda 12; farask af hita, mæði, Fms. ix. 47; fórsk þar byrðingrinn, 307; hvar þess er menn farask, Grág. i. 219; heldr enn at fólk Guðs farisk af mínum völdum, Sks. 732: of cattle, ef fé hins hefir troðisk eðr farisk á þá lund sem nú var tínt, Grág. ii. 286.

β. metaph., fersk nú vinátta ykkur, your friendship is done with, Band. 12.

γ. the phrase, farask fyrir, to come to naught, Nj. 131; at síðr mun fyrir farask nokkut stórræði, Ísl. ii. 340; en fyrir fórusk málagjöldin af konungi, the payment never took place, Fms. v. 278; lét ek þetta verk fyrir farask, vii. 158; þá mun þat fyrir farask, Fs. 20; en fyrir fórsk þat þó þau misseri, Sd. 150: in mod. usage (N. T.), to perish.

δ. in act. rarely, and perhaps only a misspelling: frá því er féit fór (fórsk better), K. Þ. K. 132; fóru (better fórusk, were drowned) margir Íslenzkir menn, Bs. i. 436.

3. part. farinn, as adj. gone, undone; nú eru vér farnir, nema …, Lv. 83; hans tafl var mjök svá farit, his game was almost lost, Fas. i. 523; þá er farnir vóru forstöðumenn Tróju, when the defenders of Troy were dead and gone, Ver. 36; tungl farit, a ‘dead moon,’ i. e. new moon, Rb. 34; farinn af sulti ok mæði, Fms. viii. 53; farinn at e-u, ruined in a thing, having lost it; farnir at hamingju, luckless, iv. 73; f. at vistum, xi. 33; f. at lausa-fé;. iii. 117: in some cases uncertain whether the participle does not belong to A.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FARA
10 dudoso

adj.

1 doubtful, insecure, in doubt, hesitant.

2 doubtful, uncertain, unlikely, improbable.

3 dubious, arguable, doubtable, doubtful.

4 of dubious origin, fishy, louche.

* * *

dudoso

► adjetivo

1 (incierto) doubtful, uncertain

2 (vacilante) hesitant, undecided

3 (sospechoso) suspicious, dubious

4 (poco seguro) questionable

* * *

(f. - dudosa)

adj.

1) doubtful

2) dubious

3) questionable

* * *
dudoso, -a
1. ADJ

1) (=incierto) [diagnóstico, futuro] doubtful, uncertain; [resultado] indecisive

de origen dudoso — of doubtful o uncertain origin

aún es dudosa su colaboración — it's still uncertain whether he will collaborate, his collaboration is still uncertain

2) (=vacilante) [persona] hesitant

estar dudoso — to be undecided, be in two minds

3) (=sospechoso) [actuación, dinero, reputación] dubious

el empleo de tácticas dudosas — the use of suspect o dubious tactics

2.

SM / F

el voto de los dudosos — the "undecided" vote

* * *

- sa adjetivo

a) ( incierto) doubtful

lo veo dudoso — it's doubtful, I doubt it

su participación aún está dudosa — it is still uncertain whether they will take part

b) <costumbres/moral> dubious, questionable; < victoria> dubious; < decisión> dubious

de dudoso gusto — in dubious taste

c) ( indeciso) hesitant, undecided

* * *

= suspect, dodgy [dodgier -comp., dodgiest -sup.], doubtful, dubious, questionable, suspicious, suspicious, unconvinced, dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.], uncleared, iffy [iffier -comp., iffiest -sup.], rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.], borderline, fishy [fishier -comp., fishiest -sup.], fly-by-night, dubious-sounding.

Ex. The utility, in information service terms, of a narrow technical education is suspect.

Ex. The statistical procedures from Czchekoslovakia and Romania have been pretty dodgy and unsatisfactory.

Ex. Without AACR is doubtful whether computerised cataloguing would have been implemented so relatively painlessly and successfully = Sin las RCAA es dudoso que la catalogación automatizada se hubiera implementado tan fácilmente y con tanto éxito, relativamente hablando.

Ex. On no account should the schedules of a classification scheme be modified in order to gain some dubious advantage of this kind.

Ex. It was questionable if the talent available was fit for the rather specific purposes of SLIS.

Ex. This can make them reluctant to accept or suspicious of outside help.

Ex. This program can also discover misconfigured or faulty applications that generate suspicious data traffic.

Ex. Many educators still remain unconvinced of the value of school libraries in the school.

Ex. Predicting the future is dicey.

Ex. Its relation to cognitive impairment is as yet uncleared.

Ex. I think we have some chance to get Friday in, but Saturday is dead meat without any doubt whatsoever and Sunday is pretty iffy.

Ex. The English is a little rocky on this lovely web site but we have it on good word that the original French is très bien.

Ex. An indication that the Commission would be prepared to accept a borderline project would provide a useful lever when the application is passed to the UK Government.

Ex. This is when children are not really concerned with scientific truth; they believe in Father Christmas anyway, even if there lurks the suspicion that there is something rather fishy about it all.

Ex. What I was reading about looked like a really genuine and reliable way of earning good money that didn't involve some fly-by-night, get-rich-quick scheme.

Ex. But I seem to get an awful lot of people trying to interest me in dubious-sounding business propositions.

----

* con dudosa reputación = disreputable.

* conseguido de manera dudosa = ill-gotten.

* estar dudoso = be doubtful.

* proceder dudoso = unfair practice.

* que parece dudoso = dubious-sounding.

* ser dudoso = be doubtful.

* * *

- sa adjetivo

a) ( incierto) doubtful

lo veo dudoso — it's doubtful, I doubt it

su participación aún está dudosa — it is still uncertain whether they will take part

b) <costumbres/moral> dubious, questionable; < victoria> dubious; < decisión> dubious

de dudoso gusto — in dubious taste

c) ( indeciso) hesitant, undecided

* * *

= suspect, dodgy [dodgier -comp., dodgiest -sup.], doubtful, dubious, questionable, suspicious, suspicious, unconvinced, dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.], uncleared, iffy [iffier -comp., iffiest -sup.], rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.], borderline, fishy [fishier -comp., fishiest -sup.], fly-by-night, dubious-sounding.

Ex: The utility, in information service terms, of a narrow technical education is suspect.

Ex: The statistical procedures from Czchekoslovakia and Romania have been pretty dodgy and unsatisfactory.

Ex: Without AACR is doubtful whether computerised cataloguing would have been implemented so relatively painlessly and successfully = Sin las RCAA es dudoso que la catalogación automatizada se hubiera implementado tan fácilmente y con tanto éxito, relativamente hablando.

Ex: On no account should the schedules of a classification scheme be modified in order to gain some dubious advantage of this kind.

Ex: It was questionable if the talent available was fit for the rather specific purposes of SLIS.

Ex: This can make them reluctant to accept or suspicious of outside help.

Ex: This program can also discover misconfigured or faulty applications that generate suspicious data traffic.

Ex: Many educators still remain unconvinced of the value of school libraries in the school.

Ex: Predicting the future is dicey.

Ex: Its relation to cognitive impairment is as yet uncleared.

Ex: I think we have some chance to get Friday in, but Saturday is dead meat without any doubt whatsoever and Sunday is pretty iffy.

Ex: The English is a little rocky on this lovely web site but we have it on good word that the original French is très bien.

Ex: An indication that the Commission would be prepared to accept a borderline project would provide a useful lever when the application is passed to the UK Government.

Ex: This is when children are not really concerned with scientific truth; they believe in Father Christmas anyway, even if there lurks the suspicion that there is something rather fishy about it all.

Ex: What I was reading about looked like a really genuine and reliable way of earning good money that didn't involve some fly-by-night, get-rich-quick scheme.

Ex: But I seem to get an awful lot of people trying to interest me in dubious-sounding business propositions.

* con dudosa reputación = disreputable.

* conseguido de manera dudosa = ill-gotten.

* estar dudoso = be doubtful.

* proceder dudoso = unfair practice.

* que parece dudoso = dubious-sounding.

* ser dudoso = be doubtful.

* * *

dudoso -sa

adjective

1 (incierto) doubtful

lo veo dudoso it's doubtful, I doubt it

su participación aún está dudosa it is still uncertain whether they will take part

es dudoso que cumpla su promesa it's doubtful o I doubt whether he'll keep his promise

2 ‹costumbres/moral› dubious, questionable; ‹victoria› dubious

una campaña publicitaria de dudoso gusto an advertising campaign in dubious o doubtful taste

una decisión dudosa a doubtful o dubious decision

3 (indeciso) hesitant, undecided

* * *

dudoso
◊ -sa adjetivo

a) ( incierto) doubtful;

◊ lo veo dudoso I doubt it

b) ( cuestionable) dubious

c) ( indeciso) hesitant, undecided

dudoso,-a adjetivo
1 (poco probable) unlikely, doubtful
(incierto) los orígenes de la creación son dudosos, the origins of creation are uncertain
(con pocas garantías) la atribución a Velázquez es dudosa, the attribution to Velazquez is doubtful
2 (indeciso, vacilante) undecided: estaba dudoso, he was hesitant
3 (turbio) dubious
' dudoso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dudosa
- incierto
- oscuro
English:
bad debt
- borderline
- doubtful
- dubious
- moot
- questionable
- touch
- uncertain
- border

* * *

dudoso, -a adj

1. [improbable] doubtful;

una palabra de origen dudoso a word of doubtful origin;

lo veo dudoso I doubt it;

ser dudoso (que) to be doubtful (whether), to be unlikely (that);

es dudoso que asista a la reunión it's unlikely (that) he'll attend the meeting, it's doubtful whether he'll attend the meeting

2. [vacilante] hesitant, indecisive;

estaba dudoso sobre qué hacer she was unsure about what to do

3. [sospechoso] questionable, dubious;

un individuo de dudosa reputación an individual of dubious reputation;

una broma de gusto dudoso a joke in questionable taste;

un penalti dudoso a dubious penalty

* * *

dudoso

adj

1 ( incierto) doubtful, dubious

2 ( indeciso) hesitant

* * *

dudoso, -sa adj

1) : doubtful

2) : dubious, questionable

♦ dudosamente adv

* * *

dudoso adj (en general) doubtful

estoy dudoso, no sé qué coche elegir I'm doubtful, I don't know which car to choose

Spanish-English dictionary > dudoso
11 ungewiss

Adj. uncertain; (unentschieden) undecided; es ist noch ungewiss, ob / wie / wann etc. it’s still uncertain (as to) whether / how / when etc.; jemanden im Ungewissen lassen not let s.o. know, keep s.o. guessing; ( sich [Dat]) im Ungewissen über etw. sein / bleiben be / remain uncertain ( oder unsure oder in the dark) about s.th.; Sprung ins Ungewisse leap in the dark; eine Fahrt ins Ungewisse a journey into the unknown

* * *

uncertain; indecisive; precarious

* * *
ụn|ge|wiss
adj
uncertain; (= vage) vague
ein Sprung/eine Reise ins Ungewisse (fig) — a leap/a journey into the unknown

im Ungewissen lassen — to leave sb in the dark (about sth)

im Ungewissen bleiben/sein — to stay/be in the dark

* * *

un·ge·wiss^RR

[ˈʊngəvɪs]

adj

1. (nicht feststehend) uncertain

eine \ungewisse Zukunft an uncertain future

▪ noch \ungewiss sein, ob/wie... to be still uncertain, whether/how...

ein Sprung ins U\ungewisse a leap into the unknown

2. (unentschlossen) uncertain, unsure

▪ sich dat noch \ungewiss sein to be still uncertain

sich dat über etw akk im U \ungewissen sein to be uncertain [or unsure] about sth

jdn [über etw akk] im U \ungewissen lassen to leave sb in the dark [about sth] fam

etw im U\ungewissen lassen to leave sth vague [or indefinite

3. (geh: unbestimmbar) indefinable

Augen von \ungewisser Farbe eyes of an indefinable colour [or AM -or]

* * *

Adjektiv uncertain

jemanden [über etwas (Akk.)] im Ungewissen lassen — leave somebody in the dark or keep somebody guessing [about something]

* * *

ungewiss adj uncertain; (unentschieden) undecided;

es ist noch ungewiss, ob/wie/wann etc it’s still uncertain (as to) whether/how/when etc;

jemanden im Ungewissen not let sb know, keep sb guessing;

(

sich [dat])

im Ungewissen über etwas sein/bleiben be/remain uncertain ( oder unsure oder in the dark) about sth;

Sprung ins Ungewisse leap in the dark;

eine Fahrt ins Ungewisse a journey into the unknown

* * *

Adjektiv uncertain

jemanden [über etwas (Akk.)] im Ungewissen lassen — leave somebody in the dark or keep somebody guessing [about something]

* * *

adj.

contingent adj. adv.

in the air adv.

uncertainly adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > ungewiss
12 Zweifel

m; -s, -; doubt (an + Dat about); (Ungewissheit) uncertainty; berechtigter Zweifel reasonable doubt; große / leise Zweifel grave / slight doubts; außer Zweifel beyond doubt; ohne Zweifel without (a) doubt, undoubtedly; es bestehen oder gibt Zweifel an seiner Ehrlichkeit / ob er ehrlich ist there are doubts about his honesty / about ( oder as to) whether he is honest; es besteht kein Zweifel ( daran), dass... there’s absolutely no doubt ( oder question) that...; kein Zweifel, das stimmt there’s no doubt about it, it’s right; Zweifel haben oder hegen an (+ Dat) have (one’s) doubts about; Zweifel an sich selbst haben have lost faith in oneself; ich habe nicht den geringsten Zweifel, dass... I have not the slightest doubt ( oder no doubt whatsoever) that...; ich habe da meine Zweifel I have my doubts, I’m not so sure; mir kommen Zweifel I’m beginning to have my doubts; keinen Zweifel daran lassen, dass... make it quite plain that..., leave no room for doubt that...; jemanden über etw. im Zweifel lassen leave s.o. in doubt as to s.th. ( oder wondering about s.th.); im Zweifel sein be doubtful, have one’s doubts ( über + Akk about); ich bin mir ( noch) im Zweifel, ob ich gehen soll I’m (still) doubtful about ( oder in two minds as to) whether I should go or not; in Zweifel ziehen (call into) question, throw ( oder call) into doubt; über jeden Zweifel erhaben beyond (any shadow of a) doubt; von Zweifeln geplagt plagued by doubts

* * *

der Zweifel

discredit; doubt; disbelief

* * *
Zwei|fel ['tsvaifl]
m -s, -
doubt
außer Zwéífel — beyond doubt

im Zwéífel — in doubt

ohne Zwéífel — without doubt, doubtless

kein Zwéífel, er ist der Sieger — there's no doubt about it, he's the winner

außer Zwéífel stehen — to be beyond doubt

über allen Zwéífel erhaben — beyond all (shadow of a) doubt

da kann es gar keinen Zwéífel geben — there can be no doubt about it

es besteht kein Zwéífel, dass... — there is no doubt that...

haben — to have one's doubts about sth

da habe ich meine Zwéífel — I have my doubts, I'm doubtful

etw in Zwéífel ziehen — to call sth into question, to challenge sth

ich bin mir im Zwéífel, ob ich das tun soll — I'm in two minds (Brit) or double-minded (US) or I'm doubtful whether I should do that

* * *

der

(a feeling of not being sure and sometimes of being suspicious: There is some doubt as to what happened; I have doubts about that place.) doubt

* * *

Zwei·fel

<-s, ->

[ˈtsvaifl̩]

m doubt; (Bedenken a.) reservation

leiser/banger Zweifel stieg in ihm auf he began to have slight/severe misgivings

jds \Zweifel ausräumen to dispel sb's doubts

jds \Zweifel beheben [o beseitigen] to dispel sb's doubts

es bestehen \Zweifel an etw dat there are doubts about sth

darüber besteht kein \Zweifel there can be no doubt about that

es besteht kein \Zweifel [mehr] [daran], dass... there is no [longer any] doubt that...

seine \Zweifel haben, ob... to have one's doubts [about [or as to]] [or to be doubtful] whether...

da habe ich meine \Zweifel! I'm not sure about that!

\Zweifel hegen to entertain doubts

bei jdm regt sich der \Zweifel sb begins to doubt

sich dat [noch] im \Zweifel sein to be [still] in two minds

ich bin mir im \Zweifel, ob der Mann auf dem Foto der ist, den ich bei dem Überfall gesehen habe I'm not quite sure whether the man in the photo is really the one I saw at the hold-up

jdm kommen \Zweifel sb begins to doubt [or to have his/her doubts]

jdn im \Zweifel lassen to leave sb in doubt

ich habe ihn über meine Absichten nicht im \Zweifel gelassen I left him in no doubt as to my intentions

außer \Zweifel stehen to be beyond [all] doubt; (stärker) to be beyond the shadow of a doubt

außer \Zweifel stehen, dass... to be beyond [all] doubt that...

für mich steht es außer \Zweifel, dass... I have absolutely no doubt that...

etw in \Zweifel ziehen to doubt [or question] sth

eine Aussage in \Zweifel ziehen to call a testimony in[to] question, to challenge a testimony

kein [o ohne] \Zweifel without [a] doubt, no doubt about it fam

es ist ohne \Zweifel dasselbe it's undoubtedly [or unquestionably] the same, it's the same, and no mistake

* * *

der; Zweifels, Zweifel: doubt (an + Dat. about)

Zweifel bekommen — become doubtful

ich habe da so meine Zweifel — I have my doubts about that

ich bin mir noch im Zweifel, ob... — I am still uncertain whether...

etwas in Zweifel ziehen — question something

[für jemanden] außer Zweifel stehen — be beyond doubt [as far as somebody is concerned]

über jeden od. allen Zweifel erhaben sein — be beyond any shadow of a doubt

kein Zweifel,... — there is/was no doubt about it,...

ohne Zweifel — without [any] doubt

im Zweifel — in case of doubt; if in doubt

* * *

Zweifel m; -s, -; doubt (

an +dat about); (Ungewissheit) uncertainty;

berechtigter Zweifel reasonable doubt;

große/leise Zweifel grave/slight doubts;

außer Zweifel beyond doubt;

ohne Zweifel without (a) doubt, undoubtedly;

es bestehen oder

gibt Zweifel an seiner Ehrlichkeit/ob er ehrlich ist there are doubts about his honesty/about ( oder as to) whether he is honest;

es besteht kein Zweifel (daran), dass … there’s absolutely no doubt ( oder question) that …;

kein Zweifel, das stimmt there’s no doubt about it, it’s right;

Zweifel haben oder

hegen an (+dat) have (one’s) doubts about;

Zweifel an sich selbst haben have lost faith in oneself;

ich habe nicht den geringsten Zweifel, dass … I have not the slightest doubt ( oder no doubt whatsoever) that …;

ich habe da meine Zweifel I have my doubts, I’m not so sure;

mir kommen Zweifel I’m beginning to have my doubts;

keinen Zweifel daran lassen, dass … make it quite plain that …, leave no room for doubt that …;

jemanden über etwas im Zweifel lassen leave sb in doubt as to sth ( oder wondering about sth);

im Zweifel sein be doubtful, have one’s doubts (

über +akk about);

ich bin mir (noch) im Zweifel, ob ich gehen soll I’m (still) doubtful about ( oder in two minds as to) whether I should go or not;

in Zweifel ziehen (call into) question, throw ( oder call) into doubt;

über jeden Zweifel erhaben beyond (any shadow of a) doubt;

von Zweifeln geplagt plagued by doubts

* * *

der; Zweifels, Zweifel: doubt (an + Dat. about)

Zweifel bekommen — become doubtful

ich habe da so meine Zweifel — I have my doubts about that

ich bin mir noch im Zweifel, ob... — I am still uncertain whether...

etwas in Zweifel ziehen — question something

[für jemanden] außer Zweifel stehen — be beyond doubt [as far as somebody is concerned]

über jeden od. allen Zweifel erhaben sein — be beyond any shadow of a doubt

kein Zweifel,... — there is/was no doubt about it,...

ohne Zweifel — without [any] doubt

im Zweifel — in case of doubt; if in doubt

* * *

- m.

doubt n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Zweifel
13 dubbio

(pl -bbi) 1. adj doubtful

( equivoco) dubious

2. m doubt

essere in dubbio fra hesitate between

mettere qualcosa in dubbio doubt something

senza dubbio undoubtedly, without a doubt

* * *

dubbio¹ s.m.

1 doubt, uncertainty: senza dubbio, no doubt (o without doubt o undoubtedly); è fuor di dubbio che..., it is beyond doubt that...; non c'è dubbio che tu abbia buone intenzioni, no doubt you mean well; ho i miei dubbi, I have my doubts; non ho alcun dubbio sulla tua onestà, I have no doubts about (o as to) your honesty; dissipare, chiarire un dubbio, to remove (o to dispel), to clear up a doubt; essere in dubbio sul da farsi, to be in doubt (o to be doubtful o to be uncertain) (about) what to do; sono in dubbio se chiamarlo o scrivergli, I'm not sure whether to call him or to write to him; la sua rielezione è in dubbio, his reelection is doubtful; nel dubbio ti conviene partire subito, if you aren't sure you should leave straight away; rimanere nel dubbio, to remain in doubt; voglio sapere tutto piuttosto che rimanere nel dubbio, I want to find out everything rather than remain in doubt (o in uncertainty); lasciare in dubbio, to leave doubtful; mettere in dubbio, to (call into) question; metto in dubbio la sua buona fede, I question his good faith; metto in dubbio le sue parole, I challenge what he says; mi viene un dubbio, I'm not sure (o I'm wondering); nutrire dubbi in merito a qlco., to have one's doubts about sthg.; sollevare un dubbio, to raise a doubt

2 ( sospetto) misgiving, suspicion, apprehension, doubt: avevo il dubbio che l'avesse rubato, I suspected that she had stolen it; ho il dubbio che tu non sia sincero, I question (o doubt) your sincerity; ho molti dubbi su di lui, I have many misgivings about him.

dubbio² agg.

1 ( incerto) doubtful, uncertain: il risultato è ancora dubbio, the result is still in doubt (o uncertain) // di dubbio gusto, in doubtful taste; una battuta di dubbio gusto, a joke in doubtful taste

2 ( ambiguo) ambiguous, unreliable; ( sospetto) dubious, doubtful: un amico dubbio, a dubious friend; parole dubbie, ambiguous words; è un caso dubbio, it's a problematic (o doubtful) case; una persona di dubbia fama, a person of dubious reputation; sguardo dubbio, sinister look.

* * *
['dubbjo] dubbio -bia, -bi, -bie
1. sm

(incertezza) doubt

mettere in dubbio — (affermazione, buona fede) to doubt, question, (esito, successo) to put in doubt

ha messo in dubbio la mia onestà — he questioned my honesty

avere il dubbio che — to suspect (that), be afraid that

ho il dubbio che sia stato lui — I suspect that it was him

ho i miei dubbi in proposito — I have my doubts about it

essere in dubbio — (risultato) to be doubtful o uncertain

sono in dubbio se partire o no — I don't know whether to go or not

essere in dubbio fra — to hesitate between

nutrire seri dubbi su qc — to have grave doubts about sth

senza dubbio — doubtless, no doubt, undoubtedly

è senza dubbio uno dei suoi quadri più belli — it's undoubtedly one of his finest paintings

senza alcun dubbio — without a doubt

esprimere un dubbio su — to express (one's) doubts about

2. agg

1) (incerto: gen) doubtful, (avvenire) uncertain

2) (equivoco, discutibile: qualità, gusto) dubious, questionable

uno scherzo di dubbio gusto — a joke in poor taste

di dubbia provenienza — of dubious origin

* * *
1.
pl. -bi, - bie ['dubbjo, bi, bje] aggettivo

1) (poco certo) [ risultato] doubtful; [ successo] uncertain

2) (ambiguo) [significato, risposta] ambiguous

3) (inattendibile) [ autenticità] questionable

essere dubbio — [ onestà] to be in doubt

4) (discutibile) [persona, reputazione] dubious; [ affare] shady

scherzo di dubbio gusto — joke in rather bad taste
2.
sostantivo maschile

1) (incertezza) doubt

senza dubbio — no o without doubt

senza alcun dubbio — beyond (all) doubt, without (a) doubt

non avere -bi (che) — to have no doubt (that)

lasciare qcn. nel dubbio — to leave sb. in a state of uncertainty

mettere in dubbio qcs. — to put sth. in doubt, to cast doubt on sth., to doubt sth.

essere in dubbio — [ persona] to be doubtful, to have misgivings ( riguardo, in merito a about); [ risultato] to be in doubt

nel dubbio — if o when in doubt

nel dubbio, ho preferito non dire nulla — not being sure I preferred not to say anything

2) (sospetto) doubt

avere o nutrire -bi su to have one's doubts about; ho dei o i miei -bi! — I have my doubts

3) filos. relig. doubt

* * *

dubbio

pl. -bi, - bie /'dubbjo, bi, bje/

I aggettivo

1 (poco certo) [ risultato] doubtful; [ successo] uncertain

2 (ambiguo) [ significato, risposta] ambiguous

3 (inattendibile) [ autenticità] questionable; essere dubbio [ onestà] to be in doubt

4 (discutibile) [ persona, reputazione] dubious; [ affare] shady; scherzo di dubbio gusto joke in rather bad taste

II sostantivo maschile

1 (incertezza) doubt; senza dubbio no o without doubt; senza alcun dubbio beyond (all) doubt, without (a) doubt; non avere -bi (che) to have no doubt (that); lasciare qcn. nel dubbio to leave sb. in a state of uncertainty; mettere in dubbio qcs. to put sth. in doubt, to cast doubt on sth., to doubt sth.; essere in dubbio [ persona] to be doubtful, to have misgivings ( riguardo, in merito a about); [ risultato] to be in doubt; nel dubbio if o when in doubt; nel dubbio, ho preferito non dire nulla not being sure I preferred not to say anything

2 (sospetto) doubt; avere o nutrire -bi su to have one's doubts about; ho dei o i miei -bi! I have my doubts

3 filos. relig. doubt.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > dubbio
14 no

nəu
1. нареч.
1) нет no, I don't want ≈ нет, не хочу
2) не no less than whether or no
3) усил. перед not, nor усиливает отрицание He never stirred from his ground;
no, not an inch. ≈ Он никогда не покидал своей земли, не сдвигался даже на дюйм.
2. мест.;
отр.
1) никакой, нет he has no children ≈ у него нет детей
2) (совсем) не
3) очень мало;
почти не
4) означает запрещение, отсутствие
5) с отглагольным существительным или герундием означает невозможность ∙ no cross, no crown посл. ≈ без труда нет плода;
горя бояться, счастья не видать no matter ≈ безразлично, неважно no odds ≈ неважно, не имеет значения no man's land
3. сущ.
1) отрицание
2) отказ, отклонение
3) мн. голосующие против отрицание, нет - two noes makes a yes два отрицания равны утверждению отказ - he will not take no for an answer он не примет отказа pl голоса против - the noes have it большинство против никакой;
нет - he has no money у него нет денег - there will be no difficulty никаких трудностей не будет никакой, ни один - no man никто, ни один человек - no man alive никто на свете - no sensible man would say that ни один разумный человек этого не скажет - no one example will suffice никакой отдельно взятый пример сам по себе не убедителен - no one man ни один человек, взятый отдельно - no one man can do this в одиночку это никому не под силу - no two men think alike нет двух людей, мыслящих одинаково, каждый мыслит по-своему - no two ways about it не может быть двух мнений насчет этого;
другого выхода нет (совсем) не - a question of no great importance вопрос, не имеющий особого значения - he is no fool он (вовсе) не дурак, он совсем не глуп - a teacher of no mean ability талантливый преподаватель - to the no small admiration of the learned readers к немалому восторгу просвещенных читателей - he showed no great skill он не проявил большой ловкости - I have no great regard for him особого уважения он у меня не вызывает - he expressed his opinion in no uncertain terms он недвусмысленно высказал свое мнение - he had no small part in the plan's success он сыграл немаловажную роль в успехе этого плана почти не;
очень мало - in no time очень быстро;
в два счета - we finished the work in no time мы не успели оглянуться, как работа была закончена - it's no distance to the post office до почты рукой подать перед названиями профессий, занятий означает несоответствие: - she is no teacher она плохой педагог;
никакой она не педагог - I am no philosopher я не философ;
какой из меня философ;
я не претендую на то, чтобы меня считали философом означает запрещение и т. п.: - No smoking! курить воспрещается! - No parking! Стоянка запрещена - No road проезда нет (дорожный знак) - no trumps! (карточное) без козыря! - no comment мне нечего сказать (формула отказа в интервью) - no opinion воздерживаюсь - no place no date (полиграфия) без указания места и даты (издания) с отглагольным существительным или герундием означает невозможность совершения выраженного ими действия: - there is no getting away from the fact от этого факта не уйти, нельзя закрывать глаза на этот факт - there is no knowing what may happen нельзя знать, что может случиться в сочетаниях: - no other никто иной - no other than никто иной как - no doubt конечно, несомненно - no wonder неудивительно;
ничего удивительного, что - no hurry не к спеху - by no means никоим образом - no fear( разговорное) конечно, нет;
(этого) опасаться не приходиться;
ни в коем случае > no end of smth. очень много чего-л. > we had no end of a good time мы очень веселились, мы отлично провели время > no go тупиковая ситуация;
отсутствие месячных не;
нисколько не - no longer уже не;
больше не - he is no longer in Washington в Вашингтоне его уже нет - I can wait no longer я не могу дольше ждать - no more нечего, ничего больше;
больше нет;
уже нет;
тоже нет - he is no more (возвышенно) его больше нет, он умер - I have no more to say мне больше нечего сказать - no more tea, thank you я больше не хочу чаю, спасибо - no more trifling! довольно шутить! - after this accident he will walk no more после этого несчастного случая он больше не будет ходить /он уже не встанет/ - he is no more able to do it than I am он так же мало способен сделать это, как и я - I can no more sing than play я не только не играю, но и не пою - if you won't go, no more will I если вы не пойдете, то и я не пойду - I went no further than the station дальше станции я не пошел - he is no better yet ему пока( нисколько) не лучше - there were no fewer than fifty people there там было не менее пятидесяти человек - I am glad it is no worse( разговорное) рад, что хуже не вышло > no can do этого я не могу, это невозможно нет - no, thank you нет, спасибо - have you seen him? - No! вы видели его? - Нет! перед not или nor выражает усиление отрицания: - I haven't found better hotels anywhere, no, not even in Switzerland нигде, даже в Швейцарии, я не видел гостиниц лучше - one man could not lift it, no, not half a dozen один человек не мог это поднять, да и шестеро не подняли бы - who spoke no slander, no, nor listened to it! кто не клеветал или не слушал никогда клеветников! в предложениях, содержащий альтернативу: нет - pleasant or no, it is true приятно это или нет, но это правда - whether or no в любом случае;
так или иначе - you may not like it, but you'll have to do it, whether or no вам, возможно, это не нравится, но так или иначе вам придется это сделать - I am uncertain whether or no to notice some of his previous exploits я не могу решить, обращать или не обращать внимание на некоторые его прежние похождения в грам. знач. междометия означает удивление, возмущение: - he threatened to strike me. - No! он грозился ударить меня. - Не может быть! /Что вы говорите!/ (сокр. от number) номер he is ~ more его нет в живых, он умер;
he cannot come, no more can I он не может прийти, как и я ~ pron neg. никакой (= not any;
перед существительным передается обыкн. словом нет) ;
he has no reason to be offended у него нет (никакой) причины обижаться he is ~ better today сегодня ему (нисколько) не лучше;
I can wait no longer я не могу дольше ждать ~ pron neg. не (= not a) ;
he is no fool он неглуп, он не дурак;
no such thing ничего подобного;
no doubt несомненно;
no wonder неудивительно ~ отказ;
he will not take no for an answer он не примет отказа he is ~ better today сегодня ему (нисколько) не лучше;
I can wait no longer я не могу дольше ждать ~ less than ни больше, ни меньше как;
no more нечего, ничего больше;
нет (больше) ;
I have no more to say мне нечего больше сказать ~ matter безразлично, неважно;
no odds неважно, не имеет значения;
in no time очень быстро, в мгновение ока time: in no ~ необыкновенно быстро, моментально;
before time слишком рано ~ compromise! никаких компромиссов!;
no special invitations особых приглашений не будет;
no trumps! без козыря! ~ cross, ~ crown посл. = без труда нет плода;
горя бояться, счастья не видать;
no flies on him его не проведешь;
no man никто ~ cross, ~ crown посл. = без труда нет плода;
горя бояться, счастья не видать;
no flies on him его не проведешь;
no man никто ~ cross, ~ crown посл. = без труда нет плода;
горя бояться, счастья не видать;
no flies on him его не проведешь;
no man никто ~ less than не менее, чем ~ less than ни больше, ни меньше как;
no more нечего, ничего больше;
нет (больше) ;
I have no more to say мне нечего больше сказать ~ cross, ~ crown посл. = без труда нет плода;
горя бояться, счастья не видать;
no flies on him его не проведешь;
no man никто ~ man's land ист. бесхозная земля ~ man's land воен. "ничья земля", пространство между траншеями противников ~ less than ни больше, ни меньше как;
no more нечего, ничего больше;
нет (больше) ;
I have no more to say мне нечего больше сказать he is ~ more его нет в живых, он умер;
he cannot come, no more can I он не может прийти, как и я ~ matter безразлично, неважно;
no odds неважно, не имеет значения;
in no time очень быстро, в мгновение ока ~ pron neg. означает запрещение, отсутствие;
no smoking! курить воспрещается! ~ sooner had he arrived than he fell ill едва он успел приехать, как заболел ~ compromise! никаких компромиссов!;
no special invitations особых приглашений не будет;
no trumps! без козыря! ~ pron neg. не (= not a) ;
he is no fool он неглуп, он не дурак;
no such thing ничего подобного;
no doubt несомненно;
no wonder неудивительно ~ compromise! никаких компромиссов!;
no special invitations особых приглашений не будет;
no trumps! без козыря! ~ two ways about it другого выхода нет ~ two ways about it не может быть двух мнений насчет этого;
by no means никоим образом;
конечно, нет way: no two ways about it об этом не может быть двух мнений;
to put (smb.) in the way (of smth.) предоставить( кому-л.) случай, дать возможность( сделать что-л.) no two ways about it это неизбежно ~ pron neg. не (= not a) ;
he is no fool он неглуп, он не дурак;
no such thing ничего подобного;
no doubt несомненно;
no wonder неудивительно wonder: ~ удивление, изумление;
(it is) no wonder (that) неудивительно (, что) ;
what a wonder! поразительно! ~ голосующие против;
the noes have it большинство против there is ~ telling what he is up to никогда не знаешь, что он замышляет ~ pron neg. с отглагольным существительным или герундием означает невозможность: there's no knowing what may happen нельзя знать, что может случиться ~ (pl noes) отрицание;
two noes make a yes два отрицания равны утверждению ~ end of очень много, множество;
we had no end of good time мы превосходно провели время

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > no
15 zweifelhaft

Adj. doubtful; (fraglich, fragwürdig, verdächtig) auch dubious, questionable; es ist zweifelhaft, ob... it’s doubtful ( oder uncertain) whether...; zweifelhafte Geschäfte dubious ( oder shady) transactions; ein zweifelhaftes Vergnügen a doubtful ( oder dubious) pleasure; von zweifelhaftem Wert of doubtful ( oder questionable) value; es erscheint kaum zweifelhaft, dass... there seems little doubt that...

* * *

iffy; questionable; doubtful; equivocal; dubious; doubtable

* * *
zwei|fel|haft
adj
doubtful; (= verdächtig auch) dubious
von zwéífelhaftem Wert — of doubtful or debatable value

es ist zwéífelhaft, ob... — it is doubtful or questionable or debatable whether...

* * *

1) (uncertain but rather unlikely, unhopeful etc: It is doubtful whether this will work; a doubtful improvement.) doubtful

2) (suspicious: He's rather a doubtful character.) doubtful

3) (uncertain: The result of the dispute is still in doubt.) in doubt

4) (probably not honest: dubious behaviour.) dubious

* * *

zwei·fel·haft

adj

1. (anzuzweifelnd) doubtful

von \zweifelhaftem Wert of doubtful [or questionable] merit

▪ es ist \zweifelhaft, ob... it is doubtful [or debatable] whether [or fam if]...

2. (pej: dubios) dubious, shady fam

* * *

Adjektiv

1) doubtful

2) (fragwürdig) dubious

* * *

zweifelhaft adj doubtful; (fraglich, fragwürdig, verdächtig) auch dubious, questionable;

es ist zweifelhaft, ob … it’s doubtful ( oder uncertain) whether …;

zweifelhafte Geschäfte dubious ( oder shady) transactions;

ein zweifelhaftes Vergnügen a doubtful ( oder dubious) pleasure;

von zweifelhaftem Wert of doubtful ( oder questionable) value;

es erscheint kaum zweifelhaft, dass … there seems little doubt that …

* * *

Adjektiv

1) doubtful

2) (fragwürdig) dubious

* * *

adj.

doubtable adj.

dubious adj.

hypothetic adj.

iffy* adj. adv.

doubtfully adv.

dubiously adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > zweifelhaft
16 incerto

1. adj uncertain

2. m uncertainty

* * *

incerto agg.

1 (dubbio) doubtful, dubious, uncertain: una notizia incerta, an unconfirmed piece of news; etimo incerto, doubtful etymology; esito incerto, uncertain (o doubtful o dubious) result; origine, età incerta, uncertain origin, age; l'avvenire è incerto, the future is uncertain; in quanto a questa faccenda tutto è ancora incerto, as to this matter everything is still uncertain

2 (instabile) unsettled, changeable, uncertain, variable: tempo incerto, unsettled (o changeable) weather

3 (malsicuro) uncertain, unsure, hesitant, unsteady: è ancora incerto nella guida, he's still unsure in his driving; avanzare con passo incerto, to advance hesitantly; scrittura incerta, shaky handwriting

4 (indefinito) unclear, indistinct, confused: forma incerta, indistinct shape; luce incerta, dim (o feeble) light

5 (indeciso, irresoluto) doubtful (about, of, as to sthg., about doing); undecided (about, as to sthg., about doing); irresolute; hesitant, hesitating (about, as to sthg., about doing): sono incerto su quello che dovrei dire, I am doubtful (o undecided) as to what I should say; appare sempre molto incerto, he always seems undecided (o irresolute)

◆ s.m.

1 (l'imprevedibile) uncertainty, risk: lasciare il certo per l'incerto, to step into the unknown; gli incerti del mestiere, occupational hazards (o risks)

2 pl. (guadagni occasionali) perquisites; (fam.) perks, extras, casual earnings.

* * *
[in'tʃɛrto] incerto (-a)
1. agg

(esito, risultato) uncertain, doubtful, (tempo) uncertain, (persona) undecided, hesitating

essere incerto su qc — to be uncertain o unsure about sth

essere incerto sul da farsi — not to know what to do, be uncertain what to do

camminare con passo incerto — to walk unsteadily

la situazione è ancora incerta — the situation is still uncertain

ero incerto se dirglielo o no — I was uncertain whether to tell him or not

2. sm

uncertainty

lasciare il certo per l'incerto — to step out into the unknown, leave certainty behind one

gli incerti del mestiere — the risks of the job

* * *
[in'tʃɛrto] 1.
aggettivo

1) (imprevedibile) [ risultato] doubtful, uncertain; [ futuro] unclear, uncertain; [ tempo] hazardous, unpredictable, unsettled

2) (esitante) [sguardo, risposta] dubious, hesitant; [ persona] uncertain; [ passo] faltering, unsteady; [ tentativo] wavering, shaky; [ grafia] wobbly

essere incerto su qcs. — to be dubious about sth
2.
sostantivo maschile uncertainty

gli -i del mestiere — occupational risks

* * *

incerto

/in't∫εrto/

I aggettivo

1 (imprevedibile) [ risultato] doubtful, uncertain; [ futuro] unclear, uncertain; [ tempo] hazardous, unpredictable, unsettled

2 (esitante) [sguardo, risposta] dubious, hesitant; [ persona] uncertain; [ passo] faltering, unsteady; [ tentativo] wavering, shaky; [ grafia] wobbly; essere incerto su qcs. to be dubious about sth.

II sostantivo maschile

uncertainty; gli -i del mestiere occupational risks.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > incerto
17 ספק

סָפֶקm. (preced. wds.) 1) division, doubt, opp. וַדַּאי. Ker.IV, 1 ס׳ אכל ס׳ לא אכל if there is a doubt whether or not he has eaten forbidden fat; ס׳ יש בווכ׳ if there is a doubt whether it was the legally required quantity. B. Bath.10a ס׳ מקבלין … ס׳ איןוכ׳ it is uncertain whether it will be accepted from him or not. Ab. Zar.41a הוי ס׳וכ׳, v. וַדַּאי. Y.Bets. I, 60b bot. סְפֵיקוֹ, סְפֵיקָהּ where there is a doubt about it, v. וַדַּאי. Ib. מאי ס׳ וש שם what is the doubt there? i. fr. what difference does it make in practice?Yeb.37b, a. fr. ממון המוטל בס׳, v. מָמוֹן. Ker.VI, 3 (25a) המתן עד שתכנס לס׳ (Var. in Talm. ed. לבית הס׳) wait until you arrive at a condition of doubt, i. e. until you are in doubt as to having committed a sin requiring a sacrifice. Ib. 2 כִּפְּרָה סְפֵיקָהּוכ׳ the heifer has atoned for the doubt for which it has been put to death, and is gone (i. e. at the time of its being thrown down the murderer was unknown); ib. 25a עדיין לא כיפרה סְפֵיקָתָהּ it had not yet atoned for the doubt for which it was to be put to death; a. v. fr.Pl. סְפֵיקוֹת, סְפֵק׳ ( fem.). Kidd.IV, 3 ואלו הן הס׳ and these are the cases of uncertain parentage. B. Mets.83b ס׳ שלכם cases in which you act on doubts (mere suspicion), v. וַדָּאָה. Y.Keth.I, beg.24d שתי ס׳ a double doubt, v. next w.; a. e. 2) dilemma, difficulty. Cant. R. to VII, 8 למה באו ישראל בס׳וכ׳ why did the Israelites get into trouble in the days of Haman?

Jewish literature > ספק
18 סָפֶק

סָפֶקm. (preced. wds.) 1) division, doubt, opp. וַדַּאי. Ker.IV, 1 ס׳ אכל ס׳ לא אכל if there is a doubt whether or not he has eaten forbidden fat; ס׳ יש בווכ׳ if there is a doubt whether it was the legally required quantity. B. Bath.10a ס׳ מקבלין … ס׳ איןוכ׳ it is uncertain whether it will be accepted from him or not. Ab. Zar.41a הוי ס׳וכ׳, v. וַדַּאי. Y.Bets. I, 60b bot. סְפֵיקוֹ, סְפֵיקָהּ where there is a doubt about it, v. וַדַּאי. Ib. מאי ס׳ וש שם what is the doubt there? i. fr. what difference does it make in practice?Yeb.37b, a. fr. ממון המוטל בס׳, v. מָמוֹן. Ker.VI, 3 (25a) המתן עד שתכנס לס׳ (Var. in Talm. ed. לבית הס׳) wait until you arrive at a condition of doubt, i. e. until you are in doubt as to having committed a sin requiring a sacrifice. Ib. 2 כִּפְּרָה סְפֵיקָהּוכ׳ the heifer has atoned for the doubt for which it has been put to death, and is gone (i. e. at the time of its being thrown down the murderer was unknown); ib. 25a עדיין לא כיפרה סְפֵיקָתָהּ it had not yet atoned for the doubt for which it was to be put to death; a. v. fr.Pl. סְפֵיקוֹת, סְפֵק׳ ( fem.). Kidd.IV, 3 ואלו הן הס׳ and these are the cases of uncertain parentage. B. Mets.83b ס׳ שלכם cases in which you act on doubts (mere suspicion), v. וַדָּאָה. Y.Keth.I, beg.24d שתי ס׳ a double doubt, v. next w.; a. e. 2) dilemma, difficulty. Cant. R. to VII, 8 למה באו ישראל בס׳וכ׳ why did the Israelites get into trouble in the days of Haman?

Jewish literature > סָפֶק
19 incerto

[in'tʃɛrto] incerto (-a)
1. agg

(esito, risultato) uncertain, doubtful, (tempo) uncertain, (persona) undecided, hesitating

essere incerto su qc — to be uncertain o unsure about sth

essere incerto sul da farsi — not to know what to do, be uncertain what to do

camminare con passo incerto — to walk unsteadily

la situazione è ancora incerta — the situation is still uncertain

ero incerto se dirglielo o no — I was uncertain whether to tell him or not

2. sm

uncertainty

lasciare il certo per l'incerto — to step out into the unknown, leave certainty behind one

gli incerti del mestiere — the risks of the job

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > incerto
20 questionable

adjective

1) (doubtful; uncertain.) cuestionable, discutible

2) (probably not true, honest, respectable: questionable behaviour.) dudoso

questionable

tr['kwesʧənəbəl]

adjective

1 (debatable) cuestionable, discutible

■ his authority is questionable su autoridad es discutible

2 (doubtful) dudoso,-a, sospechoso,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

of questionable taste de gusto dudoso

questionable ['kwɛsʧənəbəl] adj

: dudoso, discutible, cuestionable

questionable results: resultados discutibles

questionable motives: motivos sospechosos

questionable

adj.

• cuestionable adj.

• dudoso, -a adj.

'kwestʃənəbəl
adjective

a) ( debatable) <value/assertion> cuestionable, discutible

a remark in questionable taste — un comentario de dudoso buen gusto

it is questionable whether this is an original — es discutible que esto sea un original

b) ( of dubious morality) < behavior> cuestionable

['kwestʃǝnǝbl]
ADJ
1) (=uncertain, debatable) [assumption, significance, value] discutible, cuestionable

it is questionable whether... — es discutible si...

2) (=morally dubious) [behaviour, method, practice] cuestionable

in questionable taste — de dudoso gusto

* * *
['kwestʃənəbəl]
adjective

a) ( debatable) <value/assertion> cuestionable, discutible

a remark in questionable taste — un comentario de dudoso buen gusto

it is questionable whether this is an original — es discutible que esto sea un original

b) ( of dubious morality) < behavior> cuestionable

English-spanish dictionary > questionable

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uncertain — un|cer|tain [ ʌn sɜrtn ] adjective ** 1. ) not clearly known or understood: The origin of the word is uncertain. it is uncertain whether/why/how etc.: It is uncertain how they entered the property. remain uncertain: Despite recent research, the… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
uncertain */*/ — UK [ʌnˈsɜː(r)t(ə)n] / US [ʌnˈsɜrt(ə)n] adjective 1) a) not clearly known or understood The origin of the word is uncertain. it is uncertain whether/why/how etc: It is uncertain how they entered the property. remain uncertain: Despite recent… … English dictionary
uncertain — un|cer|tain [ʌnˈsə:tn US ə:r ] adj 1.) [not before noun] feeling doubt about something = ↑unsure uncertain whether/how/what etc ▪ He was uncertain how much further he could walk. uncertain about/of ▪ I was uncertain about what to do next. 2.) not … Dictionary of contemporary English
whether — wheth|er W1S1 [ˈweðə US ər] conj [: Old English; Origin: hwAther, hwether] 1.) used when talking about a choice you have to make or about something that is not certain ▪ Maurice asked me whether I needed any help. ▪ There were times when I… … Dictionary of contemporary English
uncertain — [[t]ʌnsɜ͟ː(r)t(ə)n[/t]] 1) ADJ GRADED: usu v link ADJ, oft ADJ about/of n, ADJ wh/that If you are uncertain about something, you do not know what you should do, what is going to happen, or what the truth is about something. He was uncertain about … English dictionary
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uncertain — adj. 1) uncertain about, as to, of (uncertain about the outcome) 2) (misc.) I am still uncertain (as to) whether (or not) they are coming * * * [ʌn sɜːtn] as to of (uncertain about the outcome) (misc.) 1 am still uncertain (as to) whether (or… … Combinatory dictionary
uncertain — adj. 1 not confident VERBS ▪ be, feel, look, seem, sound ▪ become ▪ leave sb ▪ H … Collocations dictionary
I'm Not Sorry.net — I’m Not Sorry.net is a Web site that collects stories concerning women’s positive abortion experiences. As of October 2008 the site contains over 700 stories. [ [http://www.imnotsorry.net/storyarchive.htm Our Stories] . (n.d.). I mNotSorry.Net.… … Wikipedia
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MUKAMMIṢ (also al-Mukammaṣ, the spelling of the name is uncertain), IBN MARWĀN AL-RĀQI (from the city of Raqa, Iraq) AL-SHIRAZI AL- (also known as David ha-Bavli; c. 900) — MUKAMMIṢ (also al Mukammaṣ, the spelling of the name is uncertain), IBN MARWĀN AL RĀQI (from the city of Raqa, Iraq) AL SHIRAZI AL (also known as David ha Bavli; c. 900), one of the first Jewish philosophers of the Islamic period. al kirkisani ,… … Encyclopedia of Judaism

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