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21 λαμβάνω
λαμβάνω (Hom.+) impf. ἐλάμβανον; fut. λήμψομαι (PTurin II, 3, 48; POxy 1664, 12; on the μ s. Mayser 194f; Thackeray 108ff; B-D-F §101; W-S. §5, 30; Mlt-H. 106; 246f; Reinhold 46f; WSchulze, Orthographica 1894.—On the middle s. B-D-F §77); 2 aor. ἔλαβον, impv. λάβε (B-D-F §101 p. 53 s.v. λαμβάνειν; W-S. §6, 7d; Mlt-H. 209 n. 1), impv. 3 pl. λαβέτωσαν (LXX; GJs 4:2); pf. εἴληφα (DRinge, Glotta 62, ’84, 125–28), 2 sing. εἴληφας and εἴληφες Rv 11:17 v.l. (W-S. §13, 16 note; Mlt-H. 221), ptc. εἰληφώς. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. ληφθήσονται Jdth 6:9; aor. εἰλήφθην LXX; pf. 3 sing. εἴληπται; plpf. 3 sg. εἴληπτο (Just., D. 132, 3). For Attic inscriptional forms s. Threatte II 645. In the following divisions, nos. 1–9 focus on an active role, whereas 10 suggests passivity.① to get hold of someth. by laying hands on or grasping someth., directly or indirectly, take, take hold of, grasp, take in hand ἄρτον (Diod S 14, 105, 3 ῥάβδον; TestSol 2:8 D τὴν σφραγῖδα; TestJob 23:10 ψαλίδα) Mt 26:26a; Mk 14:22a; Ac 27:35. τ. βιβλίον (Tob 7:14) Rv 5:8f. τ. κάλαμον Mt 27:30. λαμπάδας take (in hand) (Strattis Com. [V B.C.], Fgm. 37 K. λαβόντες λαμπάδας) 25:1, 3. λαβέτωσαν ἀνὰ λαμπάδα GJs 7:2. μάχαιραν draw the sword (Gen 34:25; Jos., Vi. 173 [cp. JosAs 23:2 τὴν ῥομφαίαν]) Mt 26:52. Abs. λάβετε take (this) Mt 26:26b; Mk 14:22b.— Take hold of (me) GHb 356, 39=ISm 3:2.—ἔλαβέ με ἡ μήτηρ μου τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐν μιᾷ τῶν τριχῶν μου my mother, the Holy Spirit, took me by one of my hairs GHb 20, 63. Ἐλισάβεδ … λαβουμένη (λαβοῦσα codd.) αὐτὸν ἀνέβη ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ E. took (John) and went up into the hill-country GJs 22:3. λαβών is somet. used somewhat pleonastically to enliven the narrative, as in Hom. (Od. 24, 398) and dramatists (Soph., Oed. R. 1391 et al.), but also in accord w. Hebr. usage (JViteau, Étude sur le Grec du NT 1893, 191; Dalman, Worte 16ff; Wlh., Einleitung2 1911, 14; B-D-F §419, 1 and 2; s. Rob. 1127; s., e.g., ApcBar 2:1 λαβών με ἤγαγε; Josh 2:4; Horapollo 2, 88 τούτους λαβὼν κατορύττει) Mt 13:31, 33; Mk 9:36; Lk 13:19, 21; J 12:3; Ac 9:25; 16:3; Hs 5, 2, 4. The ptc. can here be rendered by the prep. with (B-D-F §418, 5; Rob. 1127) λαβὼν τὴν σπεῖραν ἔρχεται he came with a detachment J 18:3 (cp. Soph., Trach. 259 στρατὸν λαβὼν ἔρχεται; ApcrEsd 6, 17 p. 31, 24 Tdf. λαβὼν … στρατιὰν ἀγγέλων). λαβὼν τὸ αἷμα … τὸν λαὸν ἐρράντισε with the blood he sprinkled the people Hb 9:19 (cp. ParJer 9:32 λαβόντες τὸν λίθον ἔθηκαν ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα αὐτοῦ ‘they crowned his tomb with a stone’; Mel., P. 14, 88 λαβόντες δὲ τὸ … αἶμα). Different is the periphrastic aor. ptc. use of λ. w. ἔχει: Dg 10:6 ἃ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λαβὼν ἔχει what the pers. has received fr. God (cp. Eur., Bacchae 302 μεταλαβὼν ἔχει; Goodwin §47; Gildersleeve, Syntax §295; Schwyzer I, 812). Freq. parataxis takes the place of the ptc. constr. (B-D-F §419, 5) ἔλαβε τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἐμαστίγωσεν (instead of λαβὼν τ. Ἰ. ἐ.) he had Jesus scourged J 19:1. λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον … καὶ βαλεῖν throw the bread Mt 15:26; Mk 7:27. ἔλαβον τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐποίησαν τέσσερα μέρη they divided his garments into four parts J 19:23.—In transf. sense ἀφορμὴν λ. find opportunity Ro 7:8, 11 (s. ἀφορμή); ὑπόδειγμα λ. take as an example Js 5:10; so also λ. alone, λάβωμεν Ἐνώχ 1 Cl 9:3.—Of the cross as a symbol of the martyr’s death take upon oneself Mt 10:38 (cp. Pind., P. 2, 93 [171] λ. ζυγόν). We may class here ἔλαβεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ he put his clothes on J 13:12 (cp. Hdt. 2, 37; 4, 78; GrBar 9:7 τὸν ὄφιν ἔλαβεν ἔνδυμα). Prob. sim. μορφὴν δούλου λ. put on the form of a slave Phil 2:7.—Of food and drink take (cp. Bel 37 Theod.) Mk 15:23. ὅτε ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος J 19:30; λαβὼν τροφὴν ἐνίσχυσεν Ac 9:19; τροφὴν … λα[βεῖν] AcPl Ha 1, 19. (βρέφος) ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας (the infant) took the breast of his mother Mary GJs 19:2.—1 Ti 4:4 (s. 10b below) could also belong here.② to take away, remove (τὴν ψυχήν ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 23 Tdf.) with or without the use of force τὰ ἀργύρια take away the silver coins (fr. the temple) Mt 27:6. τὰς ἀσθενείας diseases 8:17. τὸν στέφανον Rv 3:11. τὴν εἰρήνην ἐκ τῆς γῆς remove peace from the earth 6:4 (λ. τι ἐκ as UPZ 125, 13 ὸ̔ εἴληφεν ἐξ οἴκου; 2 Ch 16:2; TestSol 4:15 D; TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 12 [Stone p. 70]; Mel., P. 55, 403).③ to take into one’s possession, take, acquire τὶ someth. τὸν χιτῶνα Mt 5:40. οὐδὲ ἕν J 3:27. ἑαυτῷ βασιλείαν obtain kingly power for himself Lk 19:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 220). λ. γυναῖκα take a wife (Eur., Alc. 324; X., Cyr. 8, 4, 16; Gen 4:19; 6:2; Tob 1:9; TestSol 26:1; TestJob 45:3; ParJer 8:3; Jos., Ant. 1, 253; Just., D. 116, 3; 141, 4) Mk 12:19–21; 22 v.l.; Lk 20:28–31 (s. also the vv.ll. in 14:20 and 1 Cor 7:28). Of his life, that Jesus voluntarily gives up, in order to take possession of it again on his own authority J 10:18a. [ἀπολείπ]ετε τὸ σκότος, λάβεται τὸ φῶς [abandon] the darkness, seize the light AcPl Ha 8, 32. ἑαυτῷ τ. τιμὴν λ. take the honor upon oneself Hb 5:4.—Lay hands on, seize w. acc. of the pers. who is seized by force (Hom. et al.; LXX; mid. w. gen. Just., A II, 2, 10, D. 105, 3) Mt 21:35, 39; Mk 12:3, 8. Of an evil spirit that seizes the sick man Lk 9:39 (cp. PGM 7, 613 εἴλημπται ὑπὸ τοῦ δαίμονος; TestSol 17:2 εἰ λήμψομαί τινα, εὐθέως ἀναιρῶ αὐτὸν τῷ ξίφει; Jos., Ant. 4, 119 ὅταν ἡμᾶς τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λάβῃ πνεῦμα; Just., A I, 18, 4 ψυχαῖς ἀποθανόντων λαμβανόμενοι).—Esp. of feelings, emotions seize, come upon τινά someone (Hom. et al.; Ex 15:15; Wsd 11:12; Jos., Ant. 2, 139; 14, 57) ἔκστασις ἔλαβεν ἅπαντας amazement seized (them) all Lk 5:26. φόβος 7:16. Sim. πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος 1 Cor 10:13.—Of hunting and fishing: catch (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 9; Aelian, VH 4, 14) οὐδέν Lk 5:5=J 21:6 v.l. Fig. εἴ τις λαμβάνει (ὑμᾶς) if someone puts something over on you, takes advantage of you 2 Cor 11:20 (the exx. cited in Field, Notes, 184f refer to material plunder, whereas Paul appears to point to efforts of his opposition to control the Corinthians’ thinking for their own political purposes; also s. CLattey, JTS 44, ’43, 148); in related vein δόλῳ τινὰ λ. catch someone by a trick 12:16.④ to take payment, receive, accept, of taxes, etc. collect the two-drachma tax Mt 17:24; tithes Hb 7:8f; portion of the fruit as rent Mt 21:34. τὶ ἀπό τινος someth. fr. someone (Plut., Mor. 209d, Aem. Paul. 5, 9) 17:25. παρὰ τῶν γεωργῶν λ. ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν collect a share of the fruit fr. the vinedressers Mk 12:2.—τὶ παρά τινος someth. fr. someone (Aristarch. Sam. p. 352, 4; Jos., Ant. 5, 275; Just., D. 22, 11; Tat. 19, 1) οὐ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου τὴν μαρτυρίαν λ. the testimony which I receive is not from a human being or I will not accept mere human testimony (PSI 395, 6 [241 B.C.] σύμβολον λαβὲ παρʼ αὐτῶν=have them give you a receipt) J 5:34; cp. vs. 44; 3:11, 32f.⑤ to include in an experience, take up, receive τινὰ someone εἰς into (Wsd 8:18) lit. εἰς τὸ πλοῖον take someone (up) into the boat J 6:21. εἰς οἰκίαν receive someone into one’s house 2J 10. εἰς τὰ ἴδια into his own home J 19:27. Receive someone in the sense of recognizing the other’s authority J 1:12; 5:43ab; 13:20abcd.—οἱ ὑπηρέται ῥαπίσμασιν αὐτὸν ἔλαβον Mk 14:65 does not mean ‘the servants took him into custody with blows’ (BWeiss, al.), but is a colloquialism (s. B-D-F §198, 3, w. citation of AcJo 90 [Aa II 196, 1] τί εἰ ῥαπίσμασίν μοι ἔλαβες; ‘what if you had laid blows on me?’) the servants treated him to blows (Moffatt: ‘treated him to cuffs and slaps’), or even ‘got’ him w. blows, ‘worked him over’ (perh. a Latinism; Cicero, Tusc. 2, 14, 34 verberibus accipere. B-D-F §5, 3b; s. Rob. 530f); the v.l. ἔβαλον is the result of failure to recognize this rare usage. καλῶς ἔλαβόν σε; have (the young women) treated you well? Hs 9, 11, 8.⑥ to make a choice, choose, select πᾶς ἀρχιερεὺς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος who is chosen fr. among human beings Hb 5:1 (cp. Num 8:6; Am 2:11; Just., D. 130, 3). The emphasis is not on gender but the human status of the chief priest in contrast to that of the unique Messiah vs. 5.⑦ to accept as true, receive τὶ someth. fig. τὰ ῥήματά τινος receive someone’s words (and use them as a guide) J 12:48; 17:8; AcPl Ha 1, 6 (s. καρδία 1bβ). τὸν λόγον receive the teaching Mt 13:20; Mk 4:16 (for μετὰ χαρᾶς λ. cp. PIand 13, 18 ἵνα μετὰ χαρᾶς σε ἀπολάβωμεν).⑧ to enter into a close relationship, receive, make one’s own, apprehend/comprehend mentally or spiritually (Soph., Pla. et al.) of the mystical apprehension of Christ (opp. κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ) ἔλαβον (i.e. Χριστόν) I have made (him) my own Phil 3:12.⑨ Special uses: the OT is the source of λαμβάνειν πρόσωπον show partiality/favoritism (s. πρόσωπον 1bα end) Lk 20:21; Gal 2:6; B 19:4; D 4:3.—θάρσος λ. take courage s. θάρσος; πεῖράν τινος λ. try someth. (Pla., Prot. 342a; 348a, Gorg. 448a; X., Cyr. 6, 1, 28; Polyb. 1, 75, 7; 2, 32, 5; 5, 100, 10; Aelian, VH 12, 22; Dt 28:56; Jos., Ant. 8, 166; diff. Dio Chrys. 50, 6) Hb 11:29 (this expr. has a different mng. in vs. 36; s. 10b below).—συμβούλιον λαμβάνειν consult (with someone), lit. ‘take counsel’, is a Latinism (consilium capere; s. B-D-F §5, 3b; Rob. 109) Mt 27:7; 28:12; w. ὅπως foll. 22:15; foll. by κατά τινος against someone and ὅπως 12:14; foll. by κατά τινος and ὥστε 27:1. οὐ λήψῃ βουλὴν πονηρὰν κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου D 2:6.⑩ to be a receiver, receive, get, obtainⓐ abs. λαβών (of a hungry hog) when it has received someth. B 10:3. (Opp. αἰτεῖν, as Appian, Fgm. [I p. 532–36 Viereck-R.] 23 αἰτεῖτε καὶ λαμβάνετε; PGM 4, 2172) Mt 7:8; Lk 11:10; J 16:24. (Opp. διδόναι as Thu. 2, 97, 4 λαμβάνειν μᾶλλον ἢ διδόναι; Ael. Aristid. 34 p. 645 D.; Herm. Wr. 5, 10b; Philo, Deus Imm. 57; SibOr 3, 511) Mt 10:8; Ac 20:35; B 14:1; but in D 1:5 λ. rather has the ‘active’ sense accept a donation (as ἵνα λάβῃ ἐξουσίαν TestJob 8:2).ⓑ w. acc. of thing τὶ someth. (Da 2:6; OdeSol 11:4 σύνεσιν; TestJob 24:9 τρεῖς ἄρτους al.; ApcEsdr 5:13 p. 30, 11 Tdf. τὴν ψυχήν) τὸ ψωμίον receive the piece of bread J 13:30. ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν water of life without cost Rv 22:17. μισθόν (q.v. 1 and 2a) Mt 10:41ab; J 4:36; 1 Cor 3:8, 14; AcPlCor 2:36 (TestSol 1:2, 10). Money: ἀργύρια Mt 28:15; ἀνὰ δηνάριον a denarius each Mt 20:9f. ἐλεημοσύνην Ac 3:3. βραχύ τι a little or a bite J 6:7; eternal life Mk 10:30 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 218 βίον ἀμείνω λαβεῖν); the Spirit (schol. on Plato 856e ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα) J 7:39; Ac 2:38; cp. Gal 3:14; 1 Cor 2:12; 2 Cor 11:4; forgiveness of sin Ac 10:43 (Just., D. 54, 1); grace Ro 1:5; cp. 5:17; the victor’s prize 1 Cor 9:24f; the crown of life Js 1:12 (cp. Wsd 5:16 λ. τὸ διάδημα). συμφύγιον/σύμφυτον καὶ ὅπλον εὐδοκίας λάβωμεν Ἰησοῦν χριστόν the sense of this clause, restored from AcPl Ha 8, 23–24 and AcPl Ox 1602, 33–35 (=BMM recto 29–31) emerges as follows: and let us take Jesus Christ as our refuge/ally and shield, the assurance of God’s goodwill toward us. The early and late rain Js 5:7. ἔλεος receive mercy Hb 4:16 (Just., D. 133, 1). λ. τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ υἱοῦ (θεοῦ) receive the name of the Son of God (in baptism) Hs 9, 12, 4. διάδοχον receive a successor Ac 24:27 (cp. Pliny the Younger, Ep. 9, 13 successorem accipio). τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτοῦ λαβέτω ἕτερος let another man receive his position 1:20 (Ps 108:8). τόπον ἀπολογίας λ. (τόπος 4) 25:16. λ. τι μετὰ εὐχαριστίας receive someth. w. thankfulness 1 Ti 4:4 (but s. 1 above, end.—On the construction with μετά cp. Libanius, Or. 63 p. 392, 3 F. μετὰ ψόγου λ.). τί ἔχεις ὅ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what have you that you did not receive? 1 Cor 4:7 (Alciphron 2, 6, 1 τί οὐ τῶν ἐμῶν λαβοῦσα ἔχεις;). Of punishments (cp. δίκην λ. Hdt. 1, 115; Eur., Bacch. 1312. ποινάς Eur., Tro. 360. πληγάς Philyllius Com. [V B.C.] 11 K.; GrBar 4:15 καταδίκην; Jos., Ant. 14, 336 τιμωρίαν) λ. περισσότερον κρίμα receive a punishment that is just so much more severe Mt 23:13 [14] v.l. (cp. κρίμα 4b); Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47; cp. Js 3:1. οἱ ἀνθεστηκότες ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται those who oppose will bring punishment upon themselves Ro 13:2. πεῖράν τινος λ. become acquainted with, experience, suffer someth. (X., An. 5, 8, 15; Polyb. 6, 3, 1; 28, 9, 7; 29, 3, 10; Diod S 12, 24, 4 τὴν θυγατέρα ἀπέκτεινεν, ἵνα μὴ τῆς ὕβρεως λάβῃ πεῖραν; 15, 88, 4; Jos., Ant. 2, 60; Preisigke, Griech. Urkunden des ägypt. Museums zu Kairo [1911] 2, 11; 3, 11 πεῖραν λ. δαίμονος) μαστίγων πεῖραν λ. Hb 11:36 (the phrase in a diff. mng. vs. 29; s. 9b above).ⓒ Also used as a periphrasis for the passive: οἰκοδομὴν λ. be edified 1 Cor 14:5. περιτομήν be circumcised J 7:23 (Just., D. 23, 5 al.). τὸ χάραγμα receive a mark = be marked Rv 14:9, 11; 19:20; 20:4. καταλλαγήν be reconciled Ro 5:11. ὑπόμνησίν τινος be reminded of = remember someth. 2 Ti 1:5 (Just., D 19, 6 μνήμην λαμβάνητε); λήθην τινὸς λ. forget someth. (Timocles Com. [IV B.C.], Fgm. 6, 5 K.; Aelian, VH 3, 18 end, HA 4, 35; Jos., Ant. 2, 163; 202; 4, 304; Just., D. 46, 5 ἵνα μὴ λήθη ὑμᾶς λαμβάνῃ τοῦ θεοῦ) 2 Pt 1:9; χαρὰν λ. experience joy, rejoice Hv 3, 13, 2 ; GJs 12:2; ἀρχὴν λ. be begun, have its beginning (Pla et al.; Polyb. 1, 12, 9; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Dio Chrys. 40, 7; Philo, Mos. 1, 81 τρίτον [σημεῖον] … τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ γίνεσθαι λαβὸν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ; Just., D. 46, 4 τὴν ἀρχὴν λαβούσης ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ τῆς περιτομῆς; Ath. 19, 2 ἑτέραν ἀρχὴν τοῦ κόσμου λαβόντος) Hb 2:3; ApcPt Rainer ln. 19.—λ. τι ἀπό τινος receive someth. from someone (Epict. 4, 11, 3 λ. τι ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν; Herm. Wr. 1, 30; ApcMos 19 ὅτε δὲ ἔλαβεν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ τὸν ὄρκον; Just., D. 78, 10 τῶν λαβόντων χάριν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ) 1J 2:27; 3:22. Also τὶ παρά τινος (Pisander Epicus [VI B.C.] Fgm. 5 [in Athen. 11, 469d]; Diod S 5, 3, 4 λαβεῖν τι παρὰ τῶν θεῶν; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 8 [Stone p. 12] λαβὼν τὴν εὐχὴν παρʼ αὐτῶν; Just., A I, 60, 3 ἐνέργειαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λεγομένην λαβεῖν τὸν Μωυσέα.—παρά A3aβ) J 10:18b; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 20:24; Js 1:7; 2J 4; Rv 2:28. λ. τὸ ἱκανὸν παρὰ τοῦ Ἰάσονος receive bail from Jason Ac 17:9 (s. ἱκανός 1). λ. τι ὑπό τινος be given someth. by someone 2 Cor 11:24. κλῆρον καὶ μερισμὸν λαμβάνοντες AcPl Ha 8, 18/Ox 1602, 22f [λαβόντες]=BMM recto 23f (s. κλῆρος 2). λ. τι ἔκ τινος receive someth. fr. a quantity of someth.: ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβομεν χάριν from his fullness we have received favor J 1:16. ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβετε Hs 9, 24, 4.—λ. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν (s. ἀνάστασις 2a) Hb 11:35. On ἐν γαστρὶ εἴληφα (LXX) GJs 4:2 and 4 s. γαστήρ 2 and συλλαμβάνω 3.—B. 743. Schmidt, Syn. III 203–33. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
22 edad
f.age.¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?tiene 25 años de edad she's 25 years olduna persona de mediana edad a middle-aged personuna persona de edad an elderly person¡son cosas de la edad! it's (just) his/her/their age!la edad antigua ancient timesla edad de Bronce the Bronze Agela edad contemporánea the modern ageedad del juicio age of reasonla edad de Hierro the Iron Agela edad Media the Middle Agesla edad de Piedra the Stone Ageedad de la razón age of reason* * *1 age■ ¿qué edad tiene usted? how old are you?2 (tiempo, época) time, period\de cierta edad eufemístico elderlyde mediana edad middle-ageden edad escolar of school ageedad de oro golden ageedad del pavo awkward ageEdad Media Middle Ages pluralEdad Moderna Modern Agela tercera edad eufemístico old age, retirement age* * *noun f.* * *SF1) [de persona, animal, árbol] age¿qué edad tiene? — how old is he?, what age is he?
jóvenes de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 26 años — young people aged 18 to 26, young people between the age of 18 and 26
¿qué edad le echas? — how old do you think he is?
llegar a la edad adulta — to become an adult, reach adulthood
murió a los 85 años de edad — she died when she was 85 o at the age of 85
•
un señor de cierta edad — a gentleman of a certain age•
un niño de corta edad — a young child•
una persona de edad — an elderly person•
mediana edad — middle ageno tener edad para hacer algo — (=ser muy joven) not to be old enough to do sth, not to be of an age to do sth; (=ser muy mayor) to be too old to do sth
llegar a la tercera edad es traumático para muchas personas — for many people, reaching old age is traumatic
mayor 1., 4), mayoría 2), menor 1., 1), d)edad penal — age of legal responsibility, age of criminal responsibility
2) ( Hist) ageEdad Antigua — period from the beginning of history to the decline of the Roman Empire
Edad Contemporánea — Modern Age, Modern Period
Edad de Oro — (Literat) Golden Age ( of Spanish literature)
Edad Media — Middle Ages pl
Edad Moderna — period from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution
* * *1) (de persona, árbol) age¿qué edad tiene? — how old is he?
se saca or quita la edad — (AmL) he makes out (that) he's younger than he actually is
aún no tiene la edad suficiente — he's still not old enough...
de edad madura or de mediana edad — middle-aged
estar en edad de merecer — (ant o hum) to be of courting age (dated)
2) (Hist) ( época) age, period•* * *= age, age, age range, age level.Ex. The needs of readers housebound by physical disability, or made immobile by increasing age, are met by a supply of reading material from a van delivery service.Ex. A helpful arrangement supports browsing by grouping documents which have some characteristic in common, for example, author, subject, age.Ex. If the local number is used to store the birth date of the borrower, all borrowers in a specified age range can be selected.Ex. Second, I chose specific books appropriate to the age level and the educational level.----* alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.* Alta Edad Media, la = Early Middle Ages, the, High Middle Ages, the, Dark Ages, the.* baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.* ciudadano de edad avanzada = elderly citizen.* ciudadano de la tercera edad = senior citizen.* con la edad = with age.* consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por menores de edad = underage drinking.* cuidados para personas de la tercera edad = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].* de edad = elderly.* de edad avanzada = over the hill.* de edad mediana = middle-aged.* de edad universitaria = college-age.* de la edad media = dark-age.* de mayor edad = senior.* de mediana edad = middle-aged.* de + Número + años de edad = aged + Número.* de trece años de edad = thirteen-year-old.* de treinta y ocho años de edad = thirty-eight-year-old.* dimensión de la edad = age dimension.* discriminación por razones de edad = ageism [agism].* discriminatorio por razones de edad = ageist [agist].* distribución por edades = age distribution.* diversidad de edades = age-spread.* dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.* edad adulta = adulthood.* edad de finalización de los estudios = terminal education age.* edad de hielo = ice age.* Edad de Hierro, la = Iron Age, the.* edad de jubilación = retirement age.* edad de la cita = citation age.* edad de oro = golden age.* Edad de Piedra, la = Stone Age, the.* edad de votar = voting age.* edad dorada = golden age.* edad en la que un niño aprende a andar = toddlerhood.* edades = age group [age-group].* edad escolar = school age.* edad media = mediaeval ages [medieval ages, -USA], Middle Ages, average age.* edad media de las referencias = mean reference age.* en edad de trabajar = working-age.* en la edad de la piedra = in the dark ages.* entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].* grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* grupo según edad = age group [age-group].* hombre de la edad del hielo = iceman [icemen, -pl.].* la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.* la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.* límite de edad = age limit.* margen de edad = age group [age-group].* mayoría de edad = adulthood.* media de edad = mean age.* mediana de edad = median age.* menor de edad = underage.* niño de edad escolar = school-age child.* niño en edad escolar = school-age child.* niño en edad preescolar = preschooler.* persona de edad avanzada = elderly person.* persona de la tercera edad = elder.* personas de la tercera edad, las = elderly, the.* promedio de edad = average age.* que afecta a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].* relacionado con la edad = age-related.* relativo a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].* tercera edad = third age.* * *1) (de persona, árbol) age¿qué edad tiene? — how old is he?
se saca or quita la edad — (AmL) he makes out (that) he's younger than he actually is
aún no tiene la edad suficiente — he's still not old enough...
de edad madura or de mediana edad — middle-aged
estar en edad de merecer — (ant o hum) to be of courting age (dated)
2) (Hist) ( época) age, period•* * *= age, age, age range, age level.Ex: The needs of readers housebound by physical disability, or made immobile by increasing age, are met by a supply of reading material from a van delivery service.
Ex: A helpful arrangement supports browsing by grouping documents which have some characteristic in common, for example, author, subject, age.Ex: If the local number is used to store the birth date of the borrower, all borrowers in a specified age range can be selected.Ex: Second, I chose specific books appropriate to the age level and the educational level.* alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.* Alta Edad Media, la = Early Middle Ages, the, High Middle Ages, the, Dark Ages, the.* baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.* ciudadano de edad avanzada = elderly citizen.* ciudadano de la tercera edad = senior citizen.* con la edad = with age.* consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por menores de edad = underage drinking.* cuidados para personas de la tercera edad = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].* de edad = elderly.* de edad avanzada = over the hill.* de edad mediana = middle-aged.* de edad universitaria = college-age.* de la edad media = dark-age.* de mayor edad = senior.* de mediana edad = middle-aged.* de + Número + años de edad = aged + Número.* de trece años de edad = thirteen-year-old.* de treinta y ocho años de edad = thirty-eight-year-old.* dimensión de la edad = age dimension.* discriminación por razones de edad = ageism [agism].* discriminatorio por razones de edad = ageist [agist].* distribución por edades = age distribution.* diversidad de edades = age-spread.* dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.* edad adulta = adulthood.* edad de finalización de los estudios = terminal education age.* edad de hielo = ice age.* Edad de Hierro, la = Iron Age, the.* edad de jubilación = retirement age.* edad de la cita = citation age.* edad de oro = golden age.* Edad de Piedra, la = Stone Age, the.* edad de votar = voting age.* edad dorada = golden age.* edad en la que un niño aprende a andar = toddlerhood.* edades = age group [age-group].* edad escolar = school age.* edad media = mediaeval ages [medieval ages, -USA], Middle Ages, average age.* edad media de las referencias = mean reference age.* en edad de trabajar = working-age.* en la edad de la piedra = in the dark ages.* entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].* grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* grupo según edad = age group [age-group].* hombre de la edad del hielo = iceman [icemen, -pl.].* la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.* la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.* límite de edad = age limit.* margen de edad = age group [age-group].* mayoría de edad = adulthood.* media de edad = mean age.* mediana de edad = median age.* menor de edad = underage.* niño de edad escolar = school-age child.* niño en edad escolar = school-age child.* niño en edad preescolar = preschooler.* persona de edad avanzada = elderly person.* persona de la tercera edad = elder.* personas de la tercera edad, las = elderly, the.* promedio de edad = average age.* que afecta a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].* relacionado con la edad = age-related.* relativo a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].* tercera edad = third age.* * *A [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (de una persona, un árbol) ageun joven de unos quince años de edad a boy of about fifteen¿qué edad tiene/le calculas? how old is he/do you think he is?a la edad de veinte años at (the age of) twentytienen la misma edad they are the same ageaparenta más edad de la que tiene she looks older than she isniños de edades comprendidas entre los siete y los catorce años children between the ages of seven and fourteensu marido le dobla la edad her husband is twice her agese saca or quita la edad ( AmL); he makes out (that) he's younger than he actually isaún no tiene edad para decidir por sí mismo he's still not old enough to decide for himselfyo a tu edad ya ayudaba en casa at your age I was already helping around the housede edad madura or de mediana edad middle-ageduna persona de edad an elderly personun señor de cierta edad a gentleman of a certain ageuna niña de corta edad a young girldesde temprana edad from an early agea tan tierna edad at such a young o tender ageyo ya no estoy en edad de hacer esas cosas I'm too old for that sort of thingniños en edad escolar children of school agela edad adulta adulthoodCompuestos:( fam):están en la edad del pavo they're at that awkward agevoting agemental ageage of criminal o legal responsibilitymanhoodCompuestos:la edad antigua ancient times (pl)Bronze AgeIron Agespace agegolden ageStone Agela edad media the Middle Ages (pl)la edad moderna the period from the last decade of the 15th Century up until the French Revolution* * *
edad sustantivo femenino
1 (de persona, árbol) age;
un joven de unos quince años de edad a boy of about fifteen;
¿qué edad tiene? how old is he?;
aún no tiene la edad suficiente he's still not old enough …;
de edad madura or de mediana edad middle-aged;
una persona de edad an elderly person;
niños en edad escolar children of school age;
estar en la edad del pavo to be at that awkward age
2 (Hist) ( época) age, period;◊ la Eedad de bronce/de hierro/de piedra the Bronze/Iron/Stone Age;
la Eedad media the Middle Ages (pl)
edad sustantivo femenino
1 age: ese niño es de mi edad, that boy is my age
no tienes edad para votar, you aren't old enough to vote
¿qué edad tiene tu prima?, how old is your cousin?
aprendió a leer a una edad avanzada, she learned to read late in life
2 (periodo) age: Edad de Oro, Golden Age
edad del pavo, the awkward age
Edad Media, Middle Ages pl ➣ Ver nota en año
♦ Locuciones: ser mayor de edad, to be of age
ser menor de edad, to be under age
de corta edad, young
de edad avanzada, elderly
' edad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acusarse
- ambientar
- año
- antigüedad
- baja
- bajo
- bronce
- cabeza
- datar
- escolar
- flexible
- juventud
- llevar
- madura
- maduro
- mayor
- menor
- mentira
- minoría
- pavo
- pequeña
- pequeño
- representar
- resaltar
- residencia
- respetable
- tercera
- tercero
- vasallaje
- adelantado
- alcanzar
- aparentar
- asilo
- avanzado
- cierto
- corto
- doblar
- encoger
- grande
- indiscreción
- mayoría
- mediano
- moderno
- para
- preescolar
- que
- quitar
- tener
- tiempo
- tope
English:
abandon
- adulthood
- age
- at
- attain
- awkward age
- boyish
- early
- fifty
- for
- growing
- Iron Age
- lie
- limber
- look
- mental age
- middle age
- Middle Ages
- middle-aged
- midlife
- minor
- nursing home
- old
- one
- overgrown
- preschool
- qualify
- reach
- rest home
- senior
- Stone Age
- tell
- under
- aged
- ageism
- ageist
- consent
- contemporary
- dark
- date
- elderly
- eldest
- generation
- golden
- grow
- ice
- infant
- irrespective
- lower
- middle
* * *edad nf1. [de persona, objeto] age;¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?;tiene veinticinco años de edad she's twenty-five years old;un joven de veinte años de edad a young man of twenty;él aparenta más edad que ella he looks older than she does;tiene el doble de edad que él she's twice his age;la edad media de los participantes es de treinta años the average age of the participants is thirty;a/desde temprana edad at/from an early age;se casó a la edad de veintidós años he got married at (the age of) twenty-two;a mi edad uno se cansa con facilidad one gets tired easily at my age;a tu edad yo ya trabajaba I already had a job at your age;mujeres entre los treinta y cuarenta años de edad women aged between thirty and forty;una persona de edad an elderly person;una señora de cierta edad a lady of a certain age;un niño de corta edad a young child;una persona de mediana edad a middle-aged person;¡son cosas de la edad! it's (just) his/her/their age!;ya estás en edad de salir con chicos you're old enough now to be going out with boys;estar en edad de merecer to be of marriageable age;estar en edad de trabajar to be of working age;por edad le correspondería estar en un curso más avanzado by age he should be in a higher year;distribuir/ordenar un grupo por edades to divide/organize a group by ageedad adulta adulthood, adult age;edad escolar school age;estar en edad escolar to be of school age;edad de jubilación retirement age;edad del juicio age of reason;edad madura middle age;edad mental mental age;Fam edad del pavo:está en la edad del pavo she's at that awkward age;Méx Fam edad de la punzada:está en la edad de la punzada she's at that awkward age;edad de la razón age of reason2. [periodo] agela edad antigua ancient times;la Edad Contemporánea the modern age [since the French revolution];la Edad Media the Middle Ages;la edad de los metales = period comprising the Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages (c. 4000-500 BC);la Edad Moderna = period between 1492 and the French Revolution;la edad de oro the golden age;la edad de oro de la pintura holandesa the golden age of Dutch painting;la Edad de Piedra the Stone Age* * *f1 age;a la edad de at the age of;a mi edad at my age;¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?;de corta edad niño young;en edad escolar school-age, of school age;en edad penal old enough to be sent to prison;de mediana edad middle-aged;la tercera edad the over 60s;una señora de edad an elderly lady;estar en la edad del pavo be at that awkward age2 ( época):la Edad Media the Middle Ages pl ;de oro fig the golden age* * *edad nf1) : age¿qué edad tiene?: how old is she?2) época, era: epoch, era* * *edad n age¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?ser mayor de edad to be eighteen / to be an adult -
23 פסל
פָּסַל(b. h.) 1) to cut, chip, hew, trim. Tanḥ. ʿEḳeb 9 (ref. to Koh. 3:5) עת היה לִפְסוֹל שניוכ׳ the time came to hew other two tablets (in place of the broken). Ib. מתחת כסא הכבוד פְּסָלָן he hewed them from under the throne of glory. Ab. Zar.52a (ref. to Deut. 7:25) משפְּסָלוֹ נעשה אלוה as soon as a gentile has done chiselling on it, it becomes a deity (an idol forbidden to Jews for any use); ib. פסלו לאלוה לאוכ׳ when the gentile has hewed it for a god, thou shalt not covet it; פסלו מאלוה ולקחת לך when he chips it so as to unfit it as an idol (v. infra), thou mayest take it unto thyself; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסוּל; f. פְּסוּלָה; pl. פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹת a) chiselled, chipped. Lev. R. s. 22 אבנים פ׳ chipped stones (unfit for the altar); a. e.b) (cmp. פָּגַם) defective, unfit, disqualified, v. פָּסוּל. 2) (denom. of פָּסוּל) to disqualify, to be the cause of disqualification of; to declare unfit. Ḥull.III, 12 פּוֹסְלִין, v. כָּשֵׁר I. Ab. Zar. l. c. מניין לנכרי שפּוֹסֵל אלוהו how will you prove that a gentile can cancel his deity (by disfiguring it)? Kidd.70a אוי לו לפוסל את זרעו ולפוגםוכ׳ woe to him who causes his descendants to be disqualified and his family to be tarnished. Ib. כל הפוסל פסול he who tarnishes (casts suspicion on the purity of a family) is himself tarnished (of spurious descent); במומו פוסל he charges others with his own defect. Ex. R. s. 1 החזירתו … ופ׳ את כלן she (Pharaohs daughter) took him (the infant Moses) around to all Egyptian women to give him suck, but he rejected all of them (refused to take their breasts); ולמה פְסָלָן and why did he reject them? Snh.III, 1 זה פוֹסֵל דיינו של זהוכ׳ each has a right to reject the judge chosen by the other; אם היו כשרים … אינו יכול לפוֹסְלָן if they are fit (not legally disqualified) or authorized, he cannot reject them. Ib. זה פוסל עדיווכ׳ every witness in a case may help by his testimony to disqualify the opposing partys witnesses. R. Hash. I, 7 קבלו … ופָסְלוּוכ׳ they accepted as witnesses himself and his son, and rejected his slave. Mikv. II, 4 פּוֹסְלִין את המקוה are sufficient to make the pond unfit for ritual immersion. Ib. VII, 5 לא פְסָלוּהוּ they do not make the blood unfit. Zeb.I, 4 המחשבה פוֹסֶלֶת the improper intention makes the sacrifice unfit. Succ.II, 7, a. e. בית שמאי פוסלין the school of Sh. declares such a Succah to be ritually unfit; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cancel, abrogate. B. Kam.97a פְּסָלַתּוּ מלכות the government cancelled the coin; פסלתו מדינה the inhabitants of the district refused to pass it.Gen. R. s. 30, beg. כל מקום שנאמר אלה פ׳ את הראשוניםוכ׳ wherever the Biblical text has ‘these, it is meant to cancel (exclude) the preceding; wherever it has ‘and these, it is to add to the preceding; Ex. R. s. 1 אלה תולדות … פ׳וכ׳ ‘these are the origins of heaven and earth (Gen. 2:4), this excludes the time of chaos; a. fr. Nif. נִפִסַל 1) to be hewn, sculptured. Sifra Kdosh. beg. פסל על שהם נִפְסָלִין idols are named pesel, because they are sculptured; (Yalk. Lev. 604 פסולין). 2) to be disqualified, made unfit, declared unfit. Zeb.I, 4 הזבח נ׳ ארבעהוכ׳ a sacrifice may become unfit by improper actions in four stages, at the slaughtering Pes.15b; 45b הפת … ונִפְסְלָה מלאכול if bread becomes mouldy and unfit for man to eat. Toh. VIII, 6 עד שיִפָּסֵל מאוכל הכלב until it becomes unfit for a dog to eat; Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a top עד שתִּפְסוֹל. Men.100a, v. פְּסוֹל. Num. R. s. 6 end לא היו נִפְסָלִים אלא בקול they (the Levites) became unfit for service only when they lost their voice for song. B. Kam.IX, 2 נִפְסְלָה מעל גבי המזבח became unfit for the altar; a. fr.Trnsf. to be cancelled, abrogated. B. Kam. l. c. (גזל) מטבע ונ׳ if one stole a coin, and it was invalidated (before he made the restitution). Snh.104b (expl. סִלָּה, Lam. 1:15) כאדם שאומר לחברו נפסלה מטבע זו as one says to his neighbor, this coin is worthless; v. סָלָא; a. e. Pi. פִּיסֵּל to cut off dry twigs, to trim. Shebi. II, 3 מְפַסְּלִין עדוכ׳ (in the ante-Sabbatical year) you may trim trees up to New Year, v. פִּיסּוּל. Mikv. IX, 7 מְפַסְּלי אילנות trimmers of trees. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a top; a. e.Yalk. Deut. 942 מְפַסְּלוֹ במעצד he chips it (the crooked staff) with the adze; Sifré ib. 308 מפתלו (corr. acc.). Hif. הִפְסִיל to find fault, to speak contemptuously. Koh. R. to XI, 9 שהיה מַפְסִיל בנשיםוכ׳ who used to find fault with women (considering none good enough for him as wife), and was a profligate.(Part. pass. מוּפְסָל, v. next w. -
24 פָּסַל
פָּסַל(b. h.) 1) to cut, chip, hew, trim. Tanḥ. ʿEḳeb 9 (ref. to Koh. 3:5) עת היה לִפְסוֹל שניוכ׳ the time came to hew other two tablets (in place of the broken). Ib. מתחת כסא הכבוד פְּסָלָן he hewed them from under the throne of glory. Ab. Zar.52a (ref. to Deut. 7:25) משפְּסָלוֹ נעשה אלוה as soon as a gentile has done chiselling on it, it becomes a deity (an idol forbidden to Jews for any use); ib. פסלו לאלוה לאוכ׳ when the gentile has hewed it for a god, thou shalt not covet it; פסלו מאלוה ולקחת לך when he chips it so as to unfit it as an idol (v. infra), thou mayest take it unto thyself; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסוּל; f. פְּסוּלָה; pl. פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹת a) chiselled, chipped. Lev. R. s. 22 אבנים פ׳ chipped stones (unfit for the altar); a. e.b) (cmp. פָּגַם) defective, unfit, disqualified, v. פָּסוּל. 2) (denom. of פָּסוּל) to disqualify, to be the cause of disqualification of; to declare unfit. Ḥull.III, 12 פּוֹסְלִין, v. כָּשֵׁר I. Ab. Zar. l. c. מניין לנכרי שפּוֹסֵל אלוהו how will you prove that a gentile can cancel his deity (by disfiguring it)? Kidd.70a אוי לו לפוסל את זרעו ולפוגםוכ׳ woe to him who causes his descendants to be disqualified and his family to be tarnished. Ib. כל הפוסל פסול he who tarnishes (casts suspicion on the purity of a family) is himself tarnished (of spurious descent); במומו פוסל he charges others with his own defect. Ex. R. s. 1 החזירתו … ופ׳ את כלן she (Pharaohs daughter) took him (the infant Moses) around to all Egyptian women to give him suck, but he rejected all of them (refused to take their breasts); ולמה פְסָלָן and why did he reject them? Snh.III, 1 זה פוֹסֵל דיינו של זהוכ׳ each has a right to reject the judge chosen by the other; אם היו כשרים … אינו יכול לפוֹסְלָן if they are fit (not legally disqualified) or authorized, he cannot reject them. Ib. זה פוסל עדיווכ׳ every witness in a case may help by his testimony to disqualify the opposing partys witnesses. R. Hash. I, 7 קבלו … ופָסְלוּוכ׳ they accepted as witnesses himself and his son, and rejected his slave. Mikv. II, 4 פּוֹסְלִין את המקוה are sufficient to make the pond unfit for ritual immersion. Ib. VII, 5 לא פְסָלוּהוּ they do not make the blood unfit. Zeb.I, 4 המחשבה פוֹסֶלֶת the improper intention makes the sacrifice unfit. Succ.II, 7, a. e. בית שמאי פוסלין the school of Sh. declares such a Succah to be ritually unfit; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cancel, abrogate. B. Kam.97a פְּסָלַתּוּ מלכות the government cancelled the coin; פסלתו מדינה the inhabitants of the district refused to pass it.Gen. R. s. 30, beg. כל מקום שנאמר אלה פ׳ את הראשוניםוכ׳ wherever the Biblical text has ‘these, it is meant to cancel (exclude) the preceding; wherever it has ‘and these, it is to add to the preceding; Ex. R. s. 1 אלה תולדות … פ׳וכ׳ ‘these are the origins of heaven and earth (Gen. 2:4), this excludes the time of chaos; a. fr. Nif. נִפִסַל 1) to be hewn, sculptured. Sifra Kdosh. beg. פסל על שהם נִפְסָלִין idols are named pesel, because they are sculptured; (Yalk. Lev. 604 פסולין). 2) to be disqualified, made unfit, declared unfit. Zeb.I, 4 הזבח נ׳ ארבעהוכ׳ a sacrifice may become unfit by improper actions in four stages, at the slaughtering Pes.15b; 45b הפת … ונִפְסְלָה מלאכול if bread becomes mouldy and unfit for man to eat. Toh. VIII, 6 עד שיִפָּסֵל מאוכל הכלב until it becomes unfit for a dog to eat; Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a top עד שתִּפְסוֹל. Men.100a, v. פְּסוֹל. Num. R. s. 6 end לא היו נִפְסָלִים אלא בקול they (the Levites) became unfit for service only when they lost their voice for song. B. Kam.IX, 2 נִפְסְלָה מעל גבי המזבח became unfit for the altar; a. fr.Trnsf. to be cancelled, abrogated. B. Kam. l. c. (גזל) מטבע ונ׳ if one stole a coin, and it was invalidated (before he made the restitution). Snh.104b (expl. סִלָּה, Lam. 1:15) כאדם שאומר לחברו נפסלה מטבע זו as one says to his neighbor, this coin is worthless; v. סָלָא; a. e. Pi. פִּיסֵּל to cut off dry twigs, to trim. Shebi. II, 3 מְפַסְּלִין עדוכ׳ (in the ante-Sabbatical year) you may trim trees up to New Year, v. פִּיסּוּל. Mikv. IX, 7 מְפַסְּלי אילנות trimmers of trees. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a top; a. e.Yalk. Deut. 942 מְפַסְּלוֹ במעצד he chips it (the crooked staff) with the adze; Sifré ib. 308 מפתלו (corr. acc.). Hif. הִפְסִיל to find fault, to speak contemptuously. Koh. R. to XI, 9 שהיה מַפְסִיל בנשיםוכ׳ who used to find fault with women (considering none good enough for him as wife), and was a profligate.(Part. pass. מוּפְסָל, v. next w. -
25 McAdam, John Loudon
[br]b. 21 September 1756 Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 26 November 1836 Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland[br]Scottish road builder, inventor of the macadam road surface.[br]McAdam was the son of one of the founder of the first bank in Ayr. As an infant, he nearly died in a fire which destroyed the family's house of Laywyne, in Carsphairn parish; the family then moved to Blairquhan, near Straiton. Thence he went to the parish school in Maybole, where he is said to have made a model section of a local road. In 1770, when his father died, he was sent to America where he was brought up by an uncle who was a merchant in New York. He stayed in America until the close of the revolution, becoming an agent for the sale of prizes and managing to amass a considerable fortune. He returned to Scotland where he settled at Sauchrie in Ayrshire. There he was a magistrate, Deputy-Lieutenant of the county and a road trustee, spending thirteen years there. In 1798 he moved to Falmouth in Devon, England, on his appointment as agent for revictualling of the Royal Navy in western ports.He continued the series of experiments started in Ayrshire on the construction of roads. From these he concluded that a road should be built on a raised foundation with drains formed on either side, and should be composed of a number of layers of hard stone broken into angular fragments of roughly cubical shape; the bottom layer would be larger rocks, with layers of progressively smaller rocks above, all bound together with fine gravel. This would become compacted and almost impermeable to water by the action of the traffic passing over it. In 1815 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Bristol's roads and put his theories to the test.In 1823 a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed to consider the use of "macadamized" roads in larger towns; McAdam gave evidence to this committee, and it voted to give him £10,000 for his past work. In 1827 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Roads and moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire. From there he made yearly visits to Scotland and it was while returning from one of these that he died, at Moffat in the Scottish Borders. He had married twice, both times to American women; his first wife was the mother of all seven of his children.McAdam's method of road construction was much cheaper than that of Thomas Telford, and did much to ease travel and communications; it was therefore adopted by the majority of Turnpike Trusts in Britain, and the macadamization process quickly spread to other countries.[br]Bibliography1819. A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Roads.1820. Present State of Road-Making.Further ReadingR.Devereux, 1936, John Loudon McAdam: A Chapter from the History of Highways, London: Oxford University Press.IMcN -
26 gnata
nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).I.Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.1.With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):2.cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,
Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,
id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,
Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,
Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:ex Thetide natus,
Quint. 3, 7, 11:ex Urbiniā natus,
id. 7, 2, 5:Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,
Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,
Suet. Ner. 6:quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,
Liv. 43, 3, 2;very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,
Suet. Ner. 4 init.:Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,
Just. 17, 3, 14:ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,
Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:illum ex me natum,
Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,
Juv. 9, 83.—With de and abl.:3.de tigride natus,
Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:de stirpe dei nasci,
id. ib. 11, 312:de pellice natus,
id. ib. 4, 422:natus de muliere,
Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —With abl. (so usually with proper names;4.and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,
Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:Hercules Jove natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:Nilo natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:nascetur Oedipus Lao,
id. Fat. 13, 30:patre Marte,
id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:Paulo,
id. Off. 1, 33, 121:privignus Poppaeā natus,
Suet. Ner. 55:Ascanius Creusā matre natus,
Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,
Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:honestis parentibus,
Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,
Tac. A. 16, 17:deus deo natus,
Liv. 1, 16, 3:imperioso patre,
id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):patre certo nasci,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:Apolline natus,
Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,natus deā,
of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:matre Musā natus,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
Verg. A. 1, 286.—With ab and abl.:5.generari et nasci a principibus,
Tac. H. 1, 16:et qui nascentur ab illo,
Verg. G. 1, 434.—In other constrr.:B.post homines natos,
since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:post genus hominum natum,
id. Balb. 10, 26:in miseriam nascimur,
id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,
with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,
to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:homo nascitur ad laborem,
i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:II.humi nascentia fraga,
Verg. E. 3, 92:cum nata fuerint folia,
Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,
is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,
Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:ex palude nascitur amnis,
rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,
rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,
id. G. 3, 278:nascens luna,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:nascentia templa,
newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,
Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:nascitur altera moles,
Sil. 3, 530. —Trop.A.To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:B.scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,
Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,
id. Off. 2, 5, 16:fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:facinus natum a cupiditate,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,
id. Div. 2, 66, 135:strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,
Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,
Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:frumenta nata sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,
id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:profectio nata a timore defectionis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43:querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,
Cat. 64, 198:omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,
Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:ex hoc nascitur ut,
hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):A.quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,
Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:nasci denuo,
id. ib. 3, 7:natus ex Deo,
id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:2. B.ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 7, 27:eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,
Petr. 4:(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,
Juv. 12, 9.—nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,1.Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:2.caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,
Cic. Lael. 8, 27:bellum prope inter parentes natosque,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:cum pecore et gnatis,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,
Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:natam conlocare alicui,
Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):maxima natarum Priami,
Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:nato nemini,
id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—Adj.a.Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.(α).With dat. (class.):(β).me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:natus huic imperio,
id. Cael. 24, 59:gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,
id. Pis. 17, 41:Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,
id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —With ad (class.):(γ).vir ad omnia summa natus,
Cic. Brut. 68, 239:natus ad haec tempora,
id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:ad dicendum natus aptusque,
id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:ad hoc unum natus,
id. Or. 28, 99:ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,
id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:natus ad sacra Cithaeron,
Ov. M. 2, 223:canor mulcendas natus ad aures,
id. ib. 5, 561.—With inf. ( poet.):(δ).quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,
Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—With in and acc. ( poet.):(ε).nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—With propter (rare):b.apros, animal propter convivia natum,
Juv. 1, 141.—Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:(β).alius ager bene natus, alius male,
Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:sarmenta male nata,
Col. 4, 24, 7:ita natus locus est,
Liv. 9, 2:inculti versūs et male nati,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:c.ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,
Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,
id. ib. 14, 6, 1;7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:annos natus unum et viginti,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,
id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,
id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:minor quinque et viginti annis natus,
Nep. Han. 3, 2:minor triginta annis natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:homo annos natus major quadraginta,
over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,
Nep. Reg. 2, 3:cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32, 3:minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,
Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):plus triginta annis natus sim,
Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:non amplius novem annos natus,
Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:ubi germen nascere coeperit,
Cato, R. R. 151 fin. -
27 nascor
nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).I.Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.1.With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):2.cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,
Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,
id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,
Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,
Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:ex Thetide natus,
Quint. 3, 7, 11:ex Urbiniā natus,
id. 7, 2, 5:Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,
Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,
Suet. Ner. 6:quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,
Liv. 43, 3, 2;very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,
Suet. Ner. 4 init.:Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,
Just. 17, 3, 14:ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,
Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:illum ex me natum,
Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,
Juv. 9, 83.—With de and abl.:3.de tigride natus,
Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:de stirpe dei nasci,
id. ib. 11, 312:de pellice natus,
id. ib. 4, 422:natus de muliere,
Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —With abl. (so usually with proper names;4.and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,
Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:Hercules Jove natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:Nilo natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:nascetur Oedipus Lao,
id. Fat. 13, 30:patre Marte,
id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:Paulo,
id. Off. 1, 33, 121:privignus Poppaeā natus,
Suet. Ner. 55:Ascanius Creusā matre natus,
Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,
Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:honestis parentibus,
Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,
Tac. A. 16, 17:deus deo natus,
Liv. 1, 16, 3:imperioso patre,
id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):patre certo nasci,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:Apolline natus,
Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,natus deā,
of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:matre Musā natus,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
Verg. A. 1, 286.—With ab and abl.:5.generari et nasci a principibus,
Tac. H. 1, 16:et qui nascentur ab illo,
Verg. G. 1, 434.—In other constrr.:B.post homines natos,
since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:post genus hominum natum,
id. Balb. 10, 26:in miseriam nascimur,
id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,
with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,
to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:homo nascitur ad laborem,
i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:II.humi nascentia fraga,
Verg. E. 3, 92:cum nata fuerint folia,
Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,
is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,
Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:ex palude nascitur amnis,
rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,
rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,
id. G. 3, 278:nascens luna,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:nascentia templa,
newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,
Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:nascitur altera moles,
Sil. 3, 530. —Trop.A.To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:B.scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,
Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,
id. Off. 2, 5, 16:fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:facinus natum a cupiditate,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,
id. Div. 2, 66, 135:strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,
Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,
Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:frumenta nata sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,
id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:profectio nata a timore defectionis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43:querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,
Cat. 64, 198:omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,
Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:ex hoc nascitur ut,
hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):A.quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,
Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:nasci denuo,
id. ib. 3, 7:natus ex Deo,
id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:2. B.ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 7, 27:eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,
Petr. 4:(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,
Juv. 12, 9.—nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,1.Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:2.caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,
Cic. Lael. 8, 27:bellum prope inter parentes natosque,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:cum pecore et gnatis,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,
Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:natam conlocare alicui,
Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):maxima natarum Priami,
Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:nato nemini,
id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—Adj.a.Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.(α).With dat. (class.):(β).me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:natus huic imperio,
id. Cael. 24, 59:gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,
id. Pis. 17, 41:Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,
id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —With ad (class.):(γ).vir ad omnia summa natus,
Cic. Brut. 68, 239:natus ad haec tempora,
id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:ad dicendum natus aptusque,
id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:ad hoc unum natus,
id. Or. 28, 99:ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,
id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:natus ad sacra Cithaeron,
Ov. M. 2, 223:canor mulcendas natus ad aures,
id. ib. 5, 561.—With inf. ( poet.):(δ).quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,
Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—With in and acc. ( poet.):(ε).nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—With propter (rare):b.apros, animal propter convivia natum,
Juv. 1, 141.—Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:(β).alius ager bene natus, alius male,
Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:sarmenta male nata,
Col. 4, 24, 7:ita natus locus est,
Liv. 9, 2:inculti versūs et male nati,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:c.ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,
Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,
id. ib. 14, 6, 1;7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:annos natus unum et viginti,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,
id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,
id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:minor quinque et viginti annis natus,
Nep. Han. 3, 2:minor triginta annis natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:homo annos natus major quadraginta,
over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,
Nep. Reg. 2, 3:cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32, 3:minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,
Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):plus triginta annis natus sim,
Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:non amplius novem annos natus,
Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:ubi germen nascere coeperit,
Cato, R. R. 151 fin. -
28 übertragen
* * *(Bedeutung) figurative (Adj.);(Recht) to devolve ( Verb); to commit ( Verb); to confer ( Verb); to transfer ( Verb); to make over ( Verb); to convey ( Verb);(Stenogramm) to transcribe ( Verb);(Übertrag) to carry ( Verb)* * *über|tra|gen I [yːbɐ'traːgn] ptp übertragen insep irreg1. vt1) (= an eine andere Stelle bringen, an jdn übergeben) to transfer (AUCH JUR, PSYCH, COMPUT); Krankheit to pass on (auf +acc to), to transmit ( auf +acc to); (TECH) Bewegung, Kraft to transmit2) (= an eine andere Stelle schreiben) to transfer; (= kopieren) to copy (out); (= transkribieren) to transcribe3) (TV, RAD) to broadcast, to transmitetw im Fernsehen übertrágen — to televise sth, to broadcast sth on television
via or durch Satelliten übertrágen werden — to be broadcast or sent by satellite
4) (= übersetzen) Text to render (in +acc into)einen Roman aus dem Englischen ins Deutsche übertrágen — to render or translate an English novel into German
... aus dem Englischen übertrágen von... —... translated from the English by...
5) (= anwenden) Methode, Maßstab to apply (auf +acc to)6)etw auf Band übertrágen — to tape sth, to record sth (on tape)
eine CD auf Kassette übertrágen — to tape a CD
7) (= verleihen) Auszeichnung, Würde to confer (jdm on sb); Vollmacht, Verantwortung, Amt to give (jdm sb)8) (= auftragen) Aufgabe, Mission to assign (jdm to sb)2. vr(Eigenschaft, Krankheit etc) to be passed on or communicated or transmitted ( auf +acc to); (TECH) to be transmitted ( auf +acc to); (Heiterkeit etc) to communicate itself, to spread ( auf +acc to)II [yːbɐ'traːgn]seine Fröhlichkeit hat sich auf uns übertrágen — we were infected by his happiness
1. adj1) (Bedeutung etc) figurative2) (Aus) worn; (= gebraucht) second-hand, used2. adv(= figurativ) figuratively* * *1) (to give to someone as his share or duty: They assigned the task to us.) assign2) (to receive and pass on (news, a message, a television programme etc).) relay3) (to add on (a number from one column of figures to the next): I forgot to carry the 2 forward.) carry forward4) carry5) (to give (a piece of work, power etc) to someone else: He delegates a great deal of work to his assistant.) delegate6) (to hand over (a task etc) to someone else to do for one.) depute7) (to give to another person, especially legally: I intend to transfer the property to my son.) transfer* * *über·tra·gen *1[y:bɐˈtra:gn̩]I. vt1. (senden)▪ etw \übertragen to broadcast sth▪ etw \übertragen to translate sthetw wortwörtlich \übertragen to translate sth word for word, to do a literal translation of sth3. (infizieren)▪ etw wird von jdm/dem Tier auf jdn/das Tier \übertragen sth is communicated form [or passed on] from sb/animal to sb/animal▪ jdm die Verantwortung \übertragen to entrust sb with the responsibility▪ jdm etw \übertragen, etw auf jdn \übertragen to transfer sth to sb▪ jdm ein Recht \übertragen to assign sb a right, to transfer a right to sbetw auf eine Kassette \übertragen to tape sth, to record sth on tape [or cassette8. (anwenden)9. TECHII. vr1. MEDüber·tra·gen2[y:bɐˈtra:gn̩]im \übertragenen Sinn in a/the figurative senseII. adv figuratively▪ etw \übertragen meinen to mean sth in a [or the] figurative/transferred sense* * *1.unregelmäßiges transitives Verb1) transfer (auf + Akk. to); transmit <power, torque, etc.> (auf + Akk. to); communicate <disease, illness> (auf + Akk. to); carry over < subtotal>; (auf etwas anderes anwenden) apply (auf + Akk. to); (übersetzen) translate; renderetwas ins reine od. in die Reinschrift übertragen — make a fair copy of something
in übertragener Bedeutung, im übertragenen Sinne — in a transferred sense
3) (geben)2.jemandem Aufgaben/Pflichten usw. übertragen — hand over tasks/duties etc. to somebody; (anvertrauen) entrust somebody with tasks/duties etc.
reflexives Verbsich auf jemanden übertragen — <disease, illness> be communicated or be passed on to somebody; (fig.) <enthusiasm, nervousness, etc.> communicate itself to somebody
* * *übertragen1 (irr, untrennb, hat)A. v/t1. transfer (in +akk into)im Fernsehen übertragen auch televise;live übertragen broadcast live;auf Band übertragen tape, record on tape3. (Besitz) make over (auf +akk jemanden: to), transfer (to); (Grundeigentum) convey (to); (Amt, Titel) confer ([up]on); (Vollmachten) delegate (to);Rechte etcauf jemanden übertragen vest sb with rights etc;etwas auf jemandes Namen übertragen register sth in sb’s name4.übertragen charge ( oder entrust) sb with;jemandem (mehr) Verantwortung übertragen give sb (more) responsibility5. (übersetzen) translate;ins Englische etcin Verse/Prosa übertragen put into verse/prose7. (anwenden) apply8. (Stimmung etc, auch Krankheit) communicate (auf +akk to);Malaria wird durch Insekten übertragen malaria is transmitted by insectssie hat (ihr Baby) jetzt schon um zwei Wochen übertragen she is now already two weeks overdueB. v/r Stimmung, Panik etc: spread (i-e Fröhlichkeit übertrug sich auf uns alle we were all infected by her cheerfulnessübertragen2A. pperf → übertragen1B. adj1. Bedeutung etc: figurative;im übertragenen Sinn in the figurative sense2. MED:übertragenes Kind post-term infant* * *1.unregelmäßiges transitives Verb1) transfer (auf + Akk. to); transmit <power, torque, etc.> (auf + Akk. to); communicate <disease, illness> (auf + Akk. to); carry over < subtotal>; (auf etwas anderes anwenden) apply (auf + Akk. to); (übersetzen) translate; renderetwas ins reine od. in die Reinschrift übertragen — make a fair copy of something
in übertragener Bedeutung, im übertragenen Sinne — in a transferred sense
3) (geben)2.jemandem Aufgaben/Pflichten usw. übertragen — hand over tasks/duties etc. to somebody; (anvertrauen) entrust somebody with tasks/duties etc.
reflexives Verbsich auf jemanden übertragen — <disease, illness> be communicated or be passed on to somebody; (fig.) <enthusiasm, nervousness, etc.> communicate itself to somebody
* * *adj.broadcast adj.transferred adj. adv.figuratively adv.in the figurative sense expr. v.to alienate v.to assign v.to broadcast v.to carry v.to confer v.to convey v.to devolve v.to overtop v.to transfer v.to transfuse v.to transmit v. -
29 siete
adj.1 seven.2 seventh.f. & m.seven.las siete y media = card game, related to blackjack and pontoon, in which players aim to get seven and a half points;m.1 tear (roto).2 seven, number seven.* * *► adjetivo1 (cardinal) seven; (séptimo) seventh1 (número) seven\* * *noun m. adj.* * *I1.ADJ INV PRON seven; [ordinal, en la fecha] seventh2. SM1) (=número) sevenseis2) (=roto)3.SF LAm*¡la gran siete! — wow! *, hell! *
de la gran siete — terrible *, tremendous *
IIhijo de la gran siete — bastard ***, son of a bitch (EEUU) ***
** SM LAm arsehole ***, asshole (EEUU) **** * *IIIde la gran siete — (CS fam) <resfrío/carácter> terrible
a) ( cardinal) (number) seven; para ejemplos ver cinco* * *= seven (7).Ex. Evaluation of design of online catalogs can best be done employing the aforementioned seven variables.----* Blancanieves y los siete enanitos = Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.* crisis de los siete años = seven-year itch.* fútbol siete = 7-a-side football.* G7 (Grupo de los Siete), el = G7 (Group of Seven), the.* hacerse un siete = tear.* niños entre cinco y siete años = five-to-sevens.* permanentemente los siete días de la semana = 24 hours a day, seven days a week.* Siete Maravillas del Mundo, las = Seven Wonders of the World, the.* siete mares, los = seven seas, the.* surcar los siete mares = sail + the seven seas, roam + the seven seas.* veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.* * *IIIde la gran siete — (CS fam) <resfrío/carácter> terrible
a) ( cardinal) (number) seven; para ejemplos ver cinco* * *= seven (7).Ex: Evaluation of design of online catalogs can best be done employing the aforementioned seven variables.
* Blancanieves y los siete enanitos = Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.* crisis de los siete años = seven-year itch.* fútbol siete = 7-a-side football.* G7 (Grupo de los Siete), el = G7 (Group of Seven), the.* hacerse un siete = tear.* niños entre cinco y siete años = five-to-sevens.* permanentemente los siete días de la semana = 24 hours a day, seven days a week.* Siete Maravillas del Mundo, las = Seven Wonders of the World, the.* siete mares, los = seven seas, the.* surcar los siete mares = sail + the seven seas, roam + the seven seas.* veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.* * *adj inv/pronhace un frío de la gran siete it's absolutely freezingsaber más que siete to be very clever o smart, to be a real smart aleck ( colloq pej)1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (número) (number) seven para ejemplos ver cinco1 (↑ cinco (1)), cinco2 (↑ cinco (2))se hizo un siete en la chaqueta he tore his jacketCompuesto:* * *
siete adj inv/pron
seven;
para ejemplos ver◊ cinco
■ sustantivo masculino
para ejemplos ver◊ cinco
siete adjetivo & pron & sustantivo masculino seven
(en fechas) seventh
el siete de mayo, the seventh of May
' siete' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
despertarse
- menos
- mes
- suma
- U
- cada
- filo
- más
- partido
- pie
- salir
- sol
- u
- ver
English:
approximately
- convenient
- deadly
- due
- expect
- morning
- o'clock
- seven
- seventeen
- double
- infant
- lucky
- run
* * *♦ númseven;guardar algo bajo siete llaves to keep sth under lock and key;tener siete vidas (como los gatos) to have nine liveslos siete grandes the G7 countries;las siete maravillas del mundo the Seven Wonders of the World;las siete y media, el siete y medio = card game, related to blackjack and pontoon, in which players aim to get seven and a half points;los siete pecados capitales the seven deadly sins;ver también tres♦ nm[roto] tear [right-angled in shape]♦ nfRP Famde la gran siete amazing, incredible;Euf¡la gran siete! Br sugar!, US shoot!* * *I adj sevenII m roto tear* * *siete adj & nm: seven* * *siete num1. (en general) seven2. (en fechas) seventh -
30 presente
adj.1 present.siempre está presente en mí su recuerdo her memory is always present in my mindaquí presente here presenthacer presente algo a alguien to notify somebody of something¡presente! present!Carlos Muñoz — ¡presente! Carlos Muñoz — present! (al pasar lista)2 current.del presente mes of this monthintj.present, here.m.1 present (gen) & (grammar).hasta el presente up to nowpresente histórico historical present2 gift, present (regalo).3 attendee, person who is present.pres.subj.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: presentar.* * *► adjetivo1 present1 (tiempo) present2 LINGÚÍSTICA present tense3 (obsequio) gift1 those present\mejorando lo presente present company exceptedpor el presente for the momentpor la presente... (en cartas) herebytener presente to bear in mindpresente histórico present historic* * *1. noun m.1) present2) gift2. adj.* * *1. ADJ1) [en el espacio]-¡Miguel García! -¡presente! — "Miguel García!" - "here!"
•
estar presente — to be present¿estabas tú presente en esa reunión? — were you present at that meeting?
la mezcla de estilos está siempre presente en sus películas — the mixing of styles is a permanent feature in his films
esa posibilidad está siempre presente — there is always that possibility, that possibility always exists
•
hacerse presente — to manifest o.s.su espíritu se hizo presente a través de la médium — his spirit manifested itself through the medium
•
tener algo presente — to bear sth in mindsiempre os tendré presentes en mis pensamientos — you will always be in my thoughts, I will never forget you
cuerpo 2)es muy buena actriz, mejorando lo presente — she's a very good actress, as you are yourself o just like you
2) [en el tiempo] [año, mes, temporada] current; [momento] present3) LAm [en sobre]"presente" — "by hand"
2.SMFlos/las presentes — those present
3. SM1) (tb: momento presente) present2) (Ling) present, present tenseparticipio3) (=regalo) present, gift4.SF frmle comunico por la presente que... — I hereby inform you that... frm
* * *I1) ( en un lugar) presentel mineral estaba presente en las muestras analizadas — the mineral was found in the samples analyzed
Juan Prado - presente! — ( al pasar lista) Juan Prado - present o here!
Presente — (CS) (Corresp) ≈ by hand
hacerle presente a alguien — (frml) to notify somebody (frml)
mejorando lo presente: es muy inteligente, mejorando lo presente he's very intelligent, as indeed are you; tener algo presente to bear something in mind; tener presente a alguien — to think of somebody, remember somebody
2) ( actual) presenta finales del presente año — at the end of the current o present year
el día 15 del presente mes — the 15th of this month, the 15th inst. (frml)
en su atenta carta del 3 presente — (Méx frml) (Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o (frml) of the 3rd inst.
IIel presente documento/contrato — (frml) (Corresp) this document/contract; ver tb presente III
1)a) ( en el tiempo)b) (Ling) present (tense)3) ( regalo) gift, presentIIIfemenino (frml)por la presente me complace informarle que... — I am pleased to inform you that... (frml)
por la presente pongo en su conocimiento que... — I am writing to inform you that... (frml)
* * *I1) ( en un lugar) presentel mineral estaba presente en las muestras analizadas — the mineral was found in the samples analyzed
Juan Prado - presente! — ( al pasar lista) Juan Prado - present o here!
Presente — (CS) (Corresp) ≈ by hand
hacerle presente a alguien — (frml) to notify somebody (frml)
mejorando lo presente: es muy inteligente, mejorando lo presente he's very intelligent, as indeed are you; tener algo presente to bear something in mind; tener presente a alguien — to think of somebody, remember somebody
2) ( actual) presenta finales del presente año — at the end of the current o present year
el día 15 del presente mes — the 15th of this month, the 15th inst. (frml)
en su atenta carta del 3 presente — (Méx frml) (Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o (frml) of the 3rd inst.
IIel presente documento/contrato — (frml) (Corresp) this document/contract; ver tb presente III
1)a) ( en el tiempo)b) (Ling) present (tense)3) ( regalo) gift, presentIIIfemenino (frml)por la presente me complace informarle que... — I am pleased to inform you that... (frml)
por la presente pongo en su conocimiento que... — I am writing to inform you that... (frml)
* * *el presente(n.) = present, the, immediate timeEx: While the reading habits of the elite form the leading edge of intellectual thought, the vast majority of humanity have had, in the past as well as the present, different habits and aims.
Ex: And so, from its hardscrabble beginnings to immediate time, Wexler has lead a varied existence, changing from shipping point for fruit to resting place for travelers = Y por lo tanto, desde sus comienzos difíciles hasta el presente, Wexler ha llevado una vida variada, pasando de ser un centro de recepción y envío de fruta a un lugar de descanso para los viajeros.presente11 = present.Ex: We are going to use the data elements defined in the present document as a base from which to begin.
* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.* el presente = thisness.* hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.* hasta el presente = until now, so far, up to now, to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date.* hasta la presente = to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date, so far, up to now.* orientado al presente = now-oriented.* por la presente = hereby.* preocupado por el presente = present-minded.* presente, el = present, the, immediate time.presente22 = at work, attendant.Ex: Determining costs has proven difficult for many libraries involved in a recon project as there are so many variables at work.
Ex: Quite obviously, as most children spend their infant years aware of very few people, usually members of their family, it is from them -- parents, brothers and sisters, attendant relatives and friends -- that they learn the primary adaptive lessons.* estar presente = be manifest, be present.* mantener presente = keep before.* no estar presente en = be absent (from).* no tener presente = be oblivious of/to.* omnipresente = ever-present.* tener presente = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of.* tener presente las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* téngase presente = witness.* teniendo esto presente = with this/that in mind.presente33 = gift.Ex: That is the great gift literature can give one.
* * *A (en un lugar) presentno estuve presente en la reunión I wasn't present at the meetingel mineral estaba presente en cuatro de las muestras analizadas the mineral was found in four of the samples analyzedJuan Prado — ¡presente! (al pasar lista) Juan Prado — present o here!la guerra civil está presente en todas sus novelas the civil war is a constant feature in her novels[ S ] Presente (CS) ( Corresp) ≈ by handme complace hacerle presente que su solicitud ha sido aceptada I am pleased to notify o inform you that your application has been acceptedmejorando lo presente: es muy inteligente, mejorando lo presente he's very intelligent, as indeed are youtu hermana es muy simpática, mejorando lo presente your sister's very nice, just like you, your sister's very nice, it must run in the familytener algo presente to bear sth in mindtendré presente tu propuesta I'll bear your proposal in mindtengo siempre presentes sus consejos I always remember o bear in mind his advicetener presente a algn to think of sb, remember sbte tengo presente en mis oraciones I remember you in my prayersB (actual) presenthasta el momento presente no hemos tenido noticias suyas up to the present time we have had no news of hima finales del presente año at the end of the current o present yearel día 15 del presente mes the 15th of this month, the 15th inst. ( frml)en su atenta carta del 3 presente ( Méx frml) ( Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o ( frml) of the 3rd inst.A1(en el tiempo): el presente the present2 ( Ling) present tense, presententre los presentes estaba el obispo among those present was the bishoplos presentes permanecieron en silencio everyone there o those present remained silent( frml)por la presente me complace informarle que … I am pleased to inform you that … ( frml)por la presente pongo en su conocimiento que … I am writing to inform you that … ( frml)los firmantes de la presente queremos expresar … we the undersigned wish to express … ( frml)* * *
Del verbo presentar: ( conjugate presentar)
presenté es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
presente es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
presentar
presente
presentar ( conjugate presentar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ obra de arte› to present;
‹ colección de moda› to present, exhibit
‹ trabajo› to hand in;
‹ renuncia› to hand in, submit
‹ queja› to file, make;
‹ cargos› to bring;◊ presenteon una denuncia they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaint;
presente pruebas to present evidencef) (Mil):
2 (TV) ‹ programa› to present, introduce
3 ‹ persona› to introduce;
4 ‹novedad/ventaja› to offer;
‹ síntoma› to show
presentarse verbo pronominal
1
‹ a concurso› to enter sth;
‹ a elecciones› to take part in sth;◊ se presenta como candidato independiente he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent;
presentese para un cargo to apply for a post
2 [dificultad/problema] to arise, come up;
[ oportunidad] to arise
3 ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself
presente adjetivo
1 ( en un lugar) [estar] present;
( on signs) Presente (CS) (Corresp) ≈ by hand;◊ tener algo presente to bear sth in mind
2 ( actual) present;
el día 15 del presente mes the 15th of this month;
en su atenta carta del 3 presente (Méx frml) (Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o (frml) of the 3rd inst.
■ sustantivo masculino
1a) ( en el tiempo)
b) (Ling) present (tense)
2
presentar verbo transitivo
1 (un programa, pruebas, etc) to present
2 (un producto) to launch
3 (a una persona) to introduce
4 (síntomas, características, etc) to have, show
5 (disculpas) to give, present
(condolencias) to give, pay
6 (la dimisión) to hand in
7 (una queja) to file, make
presente
I adjetivo
1 (en un lugar) present: el personal presente puede votar, the staff here can vote
2 (en el tiempo) present
el presente año, the current year
II sustantivo masculino
1 (regalo) gift, present
2 Ling present tense
♦ Locuciones: hacer presente, to declare, state
tener presente, to bear in mind
' presente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
corriente
- cuerpo
- deber
- duplicado
- poder
- respeto
- sala
- soler
- tener
- ya
- actualidad
- ahora
- asistir
- ausente
- indicativo
- misa
English:
attend
- be
- bear
- hereby
- innocent
- likelihood
- mind
- must
- now
- opportunity
- present
- attendance
- certify
- introduce
- live
- time
* * *♦ adj1. [asistente, que está delante] present;yo estuve presente el día que hicieron la reunión I was present on the day of the meeting;siempre está presente en mí su recuerdo her memory is always present in my mind;aquí presente here present;hacer presente algo a alguien to notify sb of sth;tener presente [recordar] to remember;[tener en cuenta] to bear in mind;lo tenemos presente en nuestros ruegos we remember him in our prayers;ten presente que acaba de salir del hospital bear in mind that she has just left hospital;Carlos Muñoz – ¡presente! [al pasar lista] Carlos Muñoz – present!;mejorando lo presente: es muy guapa, mejorando lo presente she's very pretty, though not as pretty as you;todos los hombres son idiotas, mejorando lo presente all men are stupid, present company excepted2. [en curso] current;del presente mes of this month;en las presentes circunstancias es mejor no decir nada in the present circumstances it is best to say nothing♦ nmf[en un lugar]los/las (aquí) presentes everyone present;invitó a los presentes a acudir a la próxima reunión he invited everyone present to attend the next meeting♦ nm1. [tiempo actual] present;hasta el presente up to now2. Gram presentpresente histórico historical present;presente de indicativo present indicative;presente de subjuntivo present subjunctive3. [regalo] gift, present[año] the current year♦ nf[escrito]por la presente le informo… I hereby inform you…;por la presente se le comunica su nombramiento como tesorero I am writing to inform you that you have been appointed treasurer* * *I adj present;en el caso presente in the present case o situation;tener algo presente bear sth in mind;¡presente! here!;mejorando lo presente just like youII m tiempo presentIII m/f:los presentes those presentIV f:por la presente le informamos que … we hereby wish to inform you that …* * *presente adj1) : present, in attendance2) : present, current3)tener presente : to keep in mindpresente nm1) : present (time, tense)2) : one presententre los presentes se encontraban...: those present included...* * *presente adj n present -
31 progresser
progresser [pʀɔgʀese]➭ TABLE 1 intransitive verba. ( = s'améliorer) [élève] to make progressb. ( = augmenter) [prix, ventes, production, chômage] to rise ; [criminalité, délinquance] to be on the increasec. ( = avancer) [ennemi, recherches, science, sauveteurs] to advance ; [maladie] to progress* * *pʀɔgʀeseverbe intransitif1) ( atteindre un niveau supérieur) [taux, résultat, salaires, chômage] to rise; [pouvoir d'achat, budget] to increase; [économie] to improve; [entreprise] to make progress; [homme politique] to make gainsprogresser de 3% — [production] to rise by 3%; [candidat, parti] to gain 3%
l'euro a progressé de 3% par rapport à la livre — the euro has risen by 3% against the pound
2) ( dans son développement) [relations] to improve; [pays, enquête, négociations] to make progress; [science] to progress; [connaissances] to increase3) ( gagner du terrain) [marcheur] to make progress; [armée] to move forward4) ( se propager) [maladie] to spread; [idéologie] to gain ground; [criminalité, toxicomanie] to be on the increase5) ( s'améliorer) to make progress* * *pʀɔɡʀese vi1) [élève] to progress2) [troupes] to make headway, to make progress* * *progresser verb table: aimer vi1 ( atteindre un niveau supérieur) [taux, indice, bénéfice, résultat, inflation, salaires] to rise, to go up; [emploi, chômage] to rise; [pouvoir d'achat, budget] to increase; [économie, marché, Bourse] to improve; [entreprise] to make progress; [homme politique] to make gains; nos ventes ont bien progressé ce mois-ci there has been a marked increase in our sales this month; la mortalité infantile ne progresse plus infant mortality is no longer rising; progresser de 3%/3 points [exportations, production, nombre, taux] to rise by 3%/3 points; [candidat, parti] to gain 3%/3 points; l’euro a progressé de 3% par rapport à la livre the euro has risen by 3% against the pound;2 ( dans son développement) [enquête, affaire, négociations] to make progress ou headway; [relations] to improve; [réformes, analyse, pays, ville] to make progress, to develop; [science, technologie] to progress; [connaissances] to increase; le dossier des otages progresse progress is being made in the hostage issue; l'enquête ne progresse plus the inquiry is no longer making progress;3 ( gagner du terrain) [marcheur, alpiniste, anticyclone, dépression] to make progress; [ennemi, adversaire, armée] to move forward; progresser de 200 m/3 km [personne, véhicule] to advance by 200 m/3 km; son livre continue de progresser dans les ventes his/her book continues to move up the best seller list; progresser dans sa carrière [personne] to progress in one's career;4 ( se propager) [maladie, épidémie] to spread; [idéologie] to gain ground; [criminalité, délinquance, toxicomanie] to be on the increase;5 ( s'améliorer) [élève, sportif, équipe] to make progress, to improve; l'équipe a beaucoup progressé the team has made a lot of progress; progresser dans un domaine to make progress in a field.[prɔgrese] verbe intransitifje progresse lentement dans ma lecture I'm getting on ou progressing slowly in my reading ; [ - maladie] to progress ; [ - inflation] to creep up, to risenos bénéfices ont progressé de 2% l'année dernière our profits rose by 2% last yearla recherche scientifique progresse de jour en jour/à grands pas scientific research is making progress every day/is advancing by leaps and bounds -
32 Hancock, Walter
[br]b. 16 June 1799 Marlborough, Wiltshire, England d. 14 May 1852[br]English engineer and promoter of steam locomotion on common roads.[br]He was the sixth son of James Hancock, a cabinet-maker and merchant of Marlborough, Wiltshire. Initially Walter was apprenticed to a watchmaker and jeweller in London, but he soon turned his attention to engineering. In 1824 he invented a steam engine in which the cylinder and piston were replaced by two flexible bags of several layers of canvas and rubber solution, which were alternately filled with steam. The engine worked satisfactorily at Hancock's works in Stratford and its simplicity and lightness suggested its suitability for road carriages. Initial experiments were not very successful, but Hancock continued to experiment. After many trials in and around London, the Infant began a regular run between Stratford and London in February 1831. The following year he built the Era for the London and Brighton Steam Carriage Company. The Enterprise was next put on the road, by the London and Paddington Steam Carriage Company in April 1833. The Autopsy started to run from Finsbury Square to Pentonville in October of the same year and ran alternately with the Erin between the City and Paddington. Hancock's interest in steam road locomotion continued until about 1840, by which time he had built ten carriages. But by then public interest had declined and most of the companies involved had failed. Later, he turned his attention to indiarubber, working with his brother Thomas Hancock. In 1843 he obtained a patent for cutting rubber into sheets and for a method of preparing a solution of rubber.[br]Bibliography1838, Narrative of Twelve Years of Experiments (1824–1836) Demonstrative of the Practicability and Advantages of Employing Steam Carriages on Common Roads, London.IMcN -
33 do
I 1. [ forma debole də] [ forma forte duː]1) (be busy) fare [washing up, ironing etc.]what can I do for you? — che cosa posso fare per te, per lei?
2) (make smart)to do sb.'s hair — pettinare o acconciare qcn.
3) (finish) fare [job, military service]have you done complaining? — colloq. hai finito di lamentarti?
that's done it — (task successfully completed) fatto; (expressing dismay) non ci mancava che questo
4) (complete through study) fare [subject, medicine, homework]5) (write) fare [translation, critique]I haven't done anything with your pen! — non l'ho toccata, la tua penna!
7) (hurt)I'll do you! — colloq. ti sistemo io!
8) colloq. (deal with)they don't do theatre tickets — non vendono o tengono biglietti per il teatro
9) (cook) fare, preparare [sausages, spaghetti]; (prepare) preparare [ vegetables]12) (travel at)14) colloq. (satisfy needs of)15) colloq. (cheat)to do sb. out of money — scucire denaro a qcn
16) colloq. (rob)17) colloq. (arrest, convict)2.to get done for — farsi beccare in [illegal parking etc.]
1) (behave) faredo as you're told — (by me) fai quello che ti ho detto; (by others) fai quello che ti si dice
this really won't do! — (as reprimand) non si può andare avanti così!
4) (be sufficient) [ amount of money] bastare5) (finish)6) (get on) [ person] riuscire; [ business] andare bene; (in health) [ person] migliorare3.1) (with questions, negatives)4) (in requests, imperatives)do sit down — prego, si accomodi
"may I take a leaflet?" - "do" — "posso prendere un dépliant?" - "prego"
he lives in France, doesn't he? — vive in Francia, vero?
"who wrote it?" - "I did" — "chi l'ha scritto?" - "io"
"shall I tell him?" - "no don't" — "devo dirglielo?" - "no, non farlo"
"he knows the President" - "does he?" — "lui conosce il Presidente" - "davvero?"
so, neither does he — anche, neanche lui
•- do for- do in- do out- do over- do up- do with••it was all I could do not to... — era già tanto che non...
II [dəʊ]nothing doing! — (no way) non se ne parla neanche! escluso!
••IIIit's a poor do if — colloq. non è carino che
* * *[du:] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - does; verb1) (used with a more important verb in questions and negative statements: Do you smoke?) (verbo usato per evitare la ripetizione del verbo immediatamente precedente)2) (used with a more important verb for emphasis; ; [ðo sit down]) (verbo ausiliare usato nelle frasi interrogative e negative)3) (used to avoid repeating a verb which comes immediately before: I thought she wouldn't come, but she did.) (verbo usato per enfatizzare un altro verbo)4) (used with a more important verb after seldom, rarely and little: Little did he know what was in store for him.) (verbo usato insieme ad un altro verbo più importante dopo certi avverbi)5) (to carry out or perform: What shall I do?; That was a terrible thing to do.) fare6) (to manage to finish or complete: When you've done that, you can start on this; We did a hundred kilometres in an hour.) fare, finire7) (to perform an activity concerning something: to do the washing; to do the garden / the windows.) fare8) (to be enough or suitable for a purpose: Will this piece of fish do two of us?; That'll do nicely; Do you want me to look for a blue one or will a pink one do?; Will next Saturday do for our next meeting?) andare, andare bene9) (to work at or study: She's doing sums; He's at university doing science.) fare10) (to manage or prosper: How's your wife doing?; My son is doing well at school.) stare, andare11) (to put in order or arrange: She's doing her hair.) fare12) (to act or behave: Why don't you do as we do?) fare13) (to give or show: The whole town gathered to do him honour.) fare14) (to cause: What damage did the storm do?; It won't do him any harm.) fare15) (to see everything and visit everything in: They tried to do London in four days.) visitare2. noun(an affair or a festivity, especially a party: The school is having a do for Christmas.) festa, ricevimento- doer- doings
- done
- do-it-yourself
- to-do
- I
- he could be doing with / could do with
- do away with
- do for
- done for
- done in
- do out
- do out of
- do's and don'ts
- do without
- to do with
- what are you doing with* * *do (1) /du:, də/1 (fam.) festa: We're having a ( bit of a) do on Friday if you'd like to come, diamo una (piccola) festa venerdì, se vuoi venire; a leaving do, una festa d'addio2 (pl.) cose da farsi: the do's and don'ts, ciò che si deve fare e ciò che non si deve fare, le regole; the do's and don'ts of motorway driving, le regole della guida in autostrada3 ( anche 'do, = hairdo) pettinatura: What do you think of her new 'do?, cosa ne pensi della sua nuova pettinatura?do (2) /dəʊ/(mus.) do ( nota).* * *I 1. [ forma debole də] [ forma forte duː]1) (be busy) fare [washing up, ironing etc.]what can I do for you? — che cosa posso fare per te, per lei?
2) (make smart)to do sb.'s hair — pettinare o acconciare qcn.
3) (finish) fare [job, military service]have you done complaining? — colloq. hai finito di lamentarti?
that's done it — (task successfully completed) fatto; (expressing dismay) non ci mancava che questo
4) (complete through study) fare [subject, medicine, homework]5) (write) fare [translation, critique]I haven't done anything with your pen! — non l'ho toccata, la tua penna!
7) (hurt)I'll do you! — colloq. ti sistemo io!
8) colloq. (deal with)they don't do theatre tickets — non vendono o tengono biglietti per il teatro
9) (cook) fare, preparare [sausages, spaghetti]; (prepare) preparare [ vegetables]12) (travel at)14) colloq. (satisfy needs of)15) colloq. (cheat)to do sb. out of money — scucire denaro a qcn
16) colloq. (rob)17) colloq. (arrest, convict)2.to get done for — farsi beccare in [illegal parking etc.]
1) (behave) faredo as you're told — (by me) fai quello che ti ho detto; (by others) fai quello che ti si dice
this really won't do! — (as reprimand) non si può andare avanti così!
4) (be sufficient) [ amount of money] bastare5) (finish)6) (get on) [ person] riuscire; [ business] andare bene; (in health) [ person] migliorare3.1) (with questions, negatives)4) (in requests, imperatives)do sit down — prego, si accomodi
"may I take a leaflet?" - "do" — "posso prendere un dépliant?" - "prego"
he lives in France, doesn't he? — vive in Francia, vero?
"who wrote it?" - "I did" — "chi l'ha scritto?" - "io"
"shall I tell him?" - "no don't" — "devo dirglielo?" - "no, non farlo"
"he knows the President" - "does he?" — "lui conosce il Presidente" - "davvero?"
so, neither does he — anche, neanche lui
•- do for- do in- do out- do over- do up- do with••it was all I could do not to... — era già tanto che non...
II [dəʊ]nothing doing! — (no way) non se ne parla neanche! escluso!
••IIIit's a poor do if — colloq. non è carino che
-
34 child
tʃaɪld сущ.
1) ребенок;
дитя;
тж. перен. невзрослый, несерьезный, незрелый человек from a child ≈ с детства to adopt a child ≈ усыновить ребенка to be with child ≈ быть беременной to bear child ≈ выносить ребенка to beget, conceive child ≈ зачинать ребенка to bring up, raise, rear child ≈ воспитывать ребенка, растить ребенка to carry child ≈ вынашивать ребенка A mother carries a child for nine months. ≈ Мать вынашивает ребенка девять месяцев. to feed child ≈ кормить ребенка to give birth to child, to have child ≈ родить ребенка to indulge, pamper, spoil child ≈ баловать ребенка to nurse child ≈ нянчить ребенка to wean child ≈ отнимать ребенка от груди abused child bright child child unborn child welfare delinquent child disciplined child disobedient child dull child gifted child intelligent child mistreated child mischievous child neglected child obedient child precocious child problem child recalcitrant child stubborn child retarded child self-willed child sensitive child slow child toilet-trained child underprivileged child unruly child wayward child well-behaved child well-cared for child wilful child Syn: kid, baby, infant, toddler, youngster
2) ребенок (по отношению к свои родителям) ;
чадо;
сын или дочь to acknowledge child ≈ признать ребенка своим to marry off child ≈ выдать замуж или женить ребенка unwanted child only child legitimate child illegitimate child
3) отпрыск, потомок;
выходец;
тж. перен. последователь, ученик Syn: scion, successor
4) перен. детище, плоды трудов fancy's child ≈ порождение мечты Syn: offspring, creation ∙ to throw out the child along with the bath ≈ вместе с водой выплеснуть и ребенка ребенок, дитя, младенец - male * новорожденный мальчик, младенец мужского пола - * welfare охрана младенчества - * hygiene (медицина) гигиена детского возраста - mother and * мать и дитя - Mother and C. мадонна с младенцем - to be with * быть беременной - four months gone with * на пятом месяце беременности - big with * на сносях - he got her with * она забеременела от него - from a * с детства - the * unborn преим. (ироничное) невинный младенец - the slaughter of the children( библеизм) избиение младенцев ребенок;
мальчик;
девочка - сhildren and adults дети и взрослые - what a sweet *! какой очаровательный ребенок!;
какая милая девочка или какой славный мальчик! - she is an obedient * она послушная девочка - young * маленький ребенок, младенец - high-school children школьники старших классов - you speak as a * ты говоришь как ребенок - сhildren's hospital детская больница - сhildren's service( медицина) детское отделение( больницы) (диалектизм) новорожденная девочка;
младенец женского пола - a boy or a *? мальчик или девочка? (библеизм) отрок ребенок, чадо, дочь - сhildren and parents дети и родители - an only * единственный ребенок - she is my own * она мне родная дочь - I call him my * я называю его сыном - my children! (возвышенно) дети мои! - * of shame( возвышенно) дитя (ее) позора - to children's allowance пособие на (содержание) детей - children's hour время, которое родители уделяют детям, "детский час" (юридическое) малолетний( до 14 лет) (юридическое) несовершеннолетний( до 18 лет в Великобритании) (неодобрительно) сущее дитя (о взрослом) ;
взрослый ребенок - don't be such a *! тебе пора повзрослеть! (редкое) отпрыск, потомок - * of our grandmother Eve дочь Евы, женщина( возвышенно) детище, дитя, сын - * of the Renaissance сын эпохи Возрождения - children of the East сыны Востока - * of the forest сын лесов (индеец) - * of nature дитя природы - the children of Israel( библеизм) сыны Израилевы - the сhildren of light( библеизм) сыны света - * of the soil местный уроженец;
крестьянин;
дитя природы порождение - fancy's * порождение фантазии, плод воображения - dreams... the children of an idle brain сновиденья... плоды бездельницы-мечты (историческое) чайльд (молодой дворянин) > сhildren should be seen, and not heard в общесте взрослых дети должны молчать > a * may have too much of his mother's blessings слишком нежная мать портит дитя > this * (американизм) я;
ваш покорный слуга > сhildren and chicken must be always picking ребенка, что цыпленка, досыта не накормишь > сhildren learn to creep ere they can go все в свое время;
нельзя забегать вперед > a burnt * dreads the fire пуганая ворона куста боится acknowledged ~ признанный ребенок (например, для назначения пособия) adopted ~ приемный ребенок;
усыновленный ребенок adopted ~ сем. право приемный ребенок adopted ~ удочеренный ребенок adopted ~ усыновленный ребенок adoptive ~ приемный ребенок adoptive ~ удочеренный ребенок adoptive ~ усыновленный ребенок ~ (pl children) ребенок;
дитя;
чадо;
сын;
дочь;
from a child с детства;
the child unborn невинный младенец;
to be with child быть беременной child детище ~ малолетний ~ несовершеннолетний ~ отпрыск, потомок ~ порождение;
fancy's child порождение мечты ~ ребенок ~ (pl children) ребенок;
дитя;
чадо;
сын;
дочь;
from a child с детства;
the child unborn невинный младенец;
to be with child быть беременной ~ attr.: ~ welfare охрана младенчества (или детства) ;
to throw out the child along with the bath вместе с водой выплеснуть и ребенка ~ in care приемный ребенок ~ of another bed сем.право сводный ребенок ~ of first marriage сем.право ребенок от первого брака ~ of former marriage сем.право ребенок от предыдущего брака ~ (pl children) ребенок;
дитя;
чадо;
сын;
дочь;
from a child с детства;
the child unborn невинный младенец;
to be with child быть беременной ~ attr.: ~ welfare охрана младенчества (или детства) ;
to throw out the child along with the bath вместе с водой выплеснуть и ребенка welfare: child ~ охрана здоровья детей детского благосостояния и благополучия dependent ~ ребенок, находящийся на иждивении ~ порождение;
fancy's child порождение мечты foster ~ воспитанник foster ~ приемный ребенок;
воспитанник ~ (pl children) ребенок;
дитя;
чадо;
сын;
дочь;
from a child с детства;
the child unborn невинный младенец;
to be with child быть беременной from: ~ the beginning of the century с начала века;
from a child с детства;
from before the war с довоенного времени give up a ~ бросить ребенка, оставить ребенка giving a ~ up for adoption согласие отдать ребенка для усыновления illegitimate ~ внебрачный ребенок, незаконно рожденый ребенок illegitimate ~ внебрачный ребенок illegitimate ~ незаконнорожденный ребенок legitimate ~ законнорожденный ребенок legitimate ~ ребенок, рожденный в браке live-born ~ живорожденный ребенок looking after the welfare of the ~ заботящийся о благосостоянии ребенка, заботящийся о здоровье ребенка maintenance allowance for ~ пособие на содержание ребенка, выплата на содержание ребенка natural ~ внебрачный ребенок natural ~ незаконнорожденный ребенок natural ~ родной ребенок natural: ~ внебрачный, незаконнорожденный;
natural child внебрачный ребенок;
natural son побочный сын school ~ школьник;
ребенок школьного возраста ~ attr.: ~ welfare охрана младенчества (или детства) ;
to throw out the child along with the bath вместе с водой выплеснуть и ребенка -
35 Simeon
1) Общая лексика: Семен, Симеон (мужское имя)2) Религия: (A devout man of Jerusalem held to have uttered the Nunc Dimittis on seeing the infant Jesus in the temple) Симеон Богоприимец, (One of the 12 tribes of Israel that in biblical times comprised the people of Israel who later became the Jewish people) колено Симеоново, (The second son born to Jacob and his first wife, Leah) Симеон -
36 relativo
adj.1 relative, pertaining, relating, relevant.2 non absolute.* * *► adjetivo1 relative■ problemas relativos a la economía problems relating to the economy, problems related to the economy1 LINGÚÍSTICA relative\en lo relativo a with regard to, referring to, concerning————————1 LINGÚÍSTICA relative* * *(f. - relativa)adj.1) relative2) comparative* * *1. ADJ1) (=no absoluto) relativeuna humedad relativa del 60% — a relative humidity of 60%
2) (=referente)en lo relativo a la educación... — as regards education..., with regard to education...
3) (Ling) relative2.SM relative* * *I- va adjetivo1) ( no absoluto) relative2) ( concerniente)IItodo lo relativo a la política — anything to do with o anything related to politics
masculino (Ling) relative* * *= comparative, relative.Ex. Clearly this definition can be generalised in order to compare a number of different systems, and provides a useful comparative measure.Ex. In computer indexing this will involve statistical analysis of the relative frequency of occurrence of terms.----* en lo relativo a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.* exhaustividad relativa = relative recall.* índice relativo = relative index.* relativo a = concerning, pertaining to, relating to, relative to, appertaining to, attending.* relativo a acrónimos = acronymic.* relativo a la alfabetización = alphabetising [alphabetizing, -USA].* relativo a la conservación = curational.* relativo a la conversación = conversationally.* relativo a la definición = definitional.* relativo a la dirección = directorial.* relativo a la enseñanza superior = tertiary.* relativo a la jurisprudencia = jurisprudential.* relativo a la metalurgia = metallurgical.* relativo a la moda = modal.* relativo a la musicología = musicological.* relativo a la navegación por un entorno gráfico = navigational.* relativo a la normativa = constitutional.* relativo a la ortodoncia = orthodontic.* relativo a la productividad = output-oriented.* relativo a la programación = programmatic.* relativo a la relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit.* relativo a las algas = algal.* relativo a las aves = avian.* relativo a la sinestesia = synesthetic.* relativo a las patentes = patenting.* relativo a la termoquímica = thermochemical.* relativo a la tonalidad = tonal.* relativo a la zoología = zoological.* relativo al cerebro = cerebral.* relativo al desfile militar = marching.* relativo al diálogo = conversationally.* relativo al espacio físico = spatial.* relativo al genoma = genomic.* relativo a los consorcios = consortial.* relativo a los estudios de diplomatura = undergrad (undergraduate).* relativo a los estudios de licenciatura = grad (graduate), postgraduate [post-graduate].* relativo a los obreros no manuales = white collar.* relativo al procedimiento = procedural.* relativo al tono = tonal.* relativo al trabajo = occupational.* relativo a un grupo = group-related.* relativo a un precedente = precedential.* relativo a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].* todo lo relativo al personaje novelesco Holmes = Holmesiana.* * *I- va adjetivo1) ( no absoluto) relative2) ( concerniente)IItodo lo relativo a la política — anything to do with o anything related to politics
masculino (Ling) relative* * *= comparative, relative.Ex: Clearly this definition can be generalised in order to compare a number of different systems, and provides a useful comparative measure.
Ex: In computer indexing this will involve statistical analysis of the relative frequency of occurrence of terms.* en lo relativo a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.* exhaustividad relativa = relative recall.* índice relativo = relative index.* relativo a = concerning, pertaining to, relating to, relative to, appertaining to, attending.* relativo a acrónimos = acronymic.* relativo a la alfabetización = alphabetising [alphabetizing, -USA].* relativo a la conservación = curational.* relativo a la conversación = conversationally.* relativo a la definición = definitional.* relativo a la dirección = directorial.* relativo a la enseñanza superior = tertiary.* relativo a la jurisprudencia = jurisprudential.* relativo a la metalurgia = metallurgical.* relativo a la moda = modal.* relativo a la musicología = musicological.* relativo a la navegación por un entorno gráfico = navigational.* relativo a la normativa = constitutional.* relativo a la ortodoncia = orthodontic.* relativo a la productividad = output-oriented.* relativo a la programación = programmatic.* relativo a la relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit.* relativo a las algas = algal.* relativo a las aves = avian.* relativo a la sinestesia = synesthetic.* relativo a las patentes = patenting.* relativo a la termoquímica = thermochemical.* relativo a la tonalidad = tonal.* relativo a la zoología = zoological.* relativo al cerebro = cerebral.* relativo al desfile militar = marching.* relativo al diálogo = conversationally.* relativo al espacio físico = spatial.* relativo al genoma = genomic.* relativo a los consorcios = consortial.* relativo a los estudios de diplomatura = undergrad (undergraduate).* relativo a los estudios de licenciatura = grad (graduate), postgraduate [post-graduate].* relativo a los obreros no manuales = white collar.* relativo al procedimiento = procedural.* relativo al tono = tonal.* relativo al trabajo = occupational.* relativo a un grupo = group-related.* relativo a un precedente = precedential.* relativo a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].* todo lo relativo al personaje novelesco Holmes = Holmesiana.* * *A (no absoluto) relativeeso es muy relativo that dependsuna dolencia de relativa gravedad a fairly o relatively serious illnessviven en un estado de relativo bienestar they're relatively o reasonably well-offB (concerniente) relativo A algo relating TO sthdatos relativos a la mortalidad infantil data relating to infant mortalitytodo lo relativo a la política anything to do with o anything related to politicsen lo relativo a este problema es necesario adoptar medidas urgentes urgent measures are needed to deal with this problem, urgent measures are needed with regard to this problemrelative* * *
relativo◊ -va adjetivo
1 ( no absoluto) relative;
una enfermedad de relativa gravedad a relatively serious illness
2 ( concerniente) relativo A algo relating to sth;◊ todo lo relativo a la política anything to do with o related to politics;
en lo relativo a este problema with regard to this problem
relativo,-a
I adjetivo
1 (una cualidad, un valor) relative: es un asunto de relativa importancia, it's a relatively important matter
2 (que se refiere a algo o alguien) relating to, regarding: es algo relativo a un accidente, it's something to do with an accident
II adjetivo & m,f Ling relative
' relativo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
económica
- económico
- férrea
- férreo
- filial
- fiscal
- formalmente
- humana
- humano
- monumental
- que
- real
- relativa
- sabatina
- sabatino
- selvática
- selvático
- sindicalista
- hispánico
- sentimental
- temporal
English:
as
- comparative
- fictional
- relative
- what
- when
- where
- which
- who
- whom
- whose
- why
- with
- comprehensive
- relate
* * *relativo, -a♦ adj1. [no absoluto] relative;mayoría relativa relative majority;todo es relativo it's all relative;su estudio tiene un relativo valor científico her study's scientific value is relativeun debate relativo al problema del desempleo a debate on the problem of unemployment;el precio debería ser relativo a la calidad the price should be in proportion to the quality;en lo relativo a… regarding…, in relation to…♦ nmGram relative* * *adj relative;relativo a regarding, about;pronombre relativo GRAM relative pronoun* * *relativo, -va adj1) : relative2)en lo relativo a : with regard to, concerning♦ relativamente adv* * *relativo adj relativerelativo a relating to / concerning -
37 obligatoire
obligatoire [ɔbligatwaʀ]adjectivea. ( = à caractère d'obligation) compulsoryb. ( = inévitable) (inf) inevitable* * *ɔbligatwaʀ1) lit compulsory, obligatory2) (colloq) ( inévitable) inevitable* * *ɔbliɡatwaʀ adj(enseignement, inscription, port du casque, assurance) compulsory* * *obligatoire adj1 lit compulsory, obligatory; service militaire obligatoire compulsory military service; instruction obligatoire jusqu'à 16 ans compulsory education up to the age of 16; l'étude du latin n'est pas obligatoire Latin is not a compulsory subject; tenue de soirée obligatoire evening dress is obligatory; avoir un caractère obligatoire to be compulsory;2 ○( inévitable) inevitable; c'était obligatoire it was inevitable, it was bound to happen.[ɔbligatwar] adjectifle vaccin est obligatoire pour entrer à la maternelle children must be vaccinated before being admitted to infant school (UK) ou nursery school (US)‘tenue de soirée obligatoire’ formal dress required2. [inéluctable]un jour ou l'autre ils en viendront aux mains, c'est obligatoire one of these days they're bound to come to blows -
38 κόρος
κόρος (A), ὁ,A satiety, surfeit,αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κ. ἀνθρώποισιν Il.19.221
;αἰψηρὸς δὲ κ. κρυεροῖο γόοιο Od.4.103
;πάντων μὲν κ. ἐστί, καὶ ὕπνου καὶ φιλότητος Il.13.636
;ἀπὸ κ. ἀμβλύνει αἰανὴς ἐλπίδας Pi.P.1.82
;κόρον ἔχει μέλι Id.N.7.52
; κ. ἔχειν δακρύων, κακῶν, E.Alc. 185, Ph. 1750 (lyr.); alsoκόρον ἡ τούτων συνουσία ἔχει Pl.Phdr. 240c
;ἐς κ. ἰέναι τινός Philox.2.38
;ἄχρι κόρου D. 19.187
;ἐς κόρον Luc. Merc.Cond.26
, Gal.15.500, Vict.Att.8; πρὸς ἡδονήν τε καὶ κ. gormandizing, Hp.VM14: in mystical sense, opp. χρησμοσύνη, Heraclit. 65.2 the consequence of satiety, insolence, Pi.O.2.95, I.3.2; πρὸς κόρον insolently, A.Ag. 382 (lyr.): freq. as cause or consequence ofὕβρις, τίκτει τοι κόρος ὕβριν, ὅταν κακῷ ὄλβος ἕπηται ἀνθρώπῳ Thgn. 153
, cf. Sol.8;ὕβριν κόρου ματέρα Pi.O.13.10
; κόρον, ὕβριος υἱόν Bacis ap.Hdt.8.77. (Cf. κορέννυμι.)------------------------------------κόρος (B), ὁ, [dialect] Ion. [full] κοῦρος, as always in Hom., Pi., and lyr. passages of Trag. (exc. E.Alc. 904), sts. in late Gr., Rev.Et.Gr.42.247 ([place name] Varna); [dialect] Dor. [full] κῶρος Theoc.15.120:—A boy, lad (even before birth,ὃν.. γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι Il.6.59
, cf. Call.Del. 212),κοῦρος πρῶτον ὑπηνήτης Il.24.347
;πρωθῆβαι Od.8.262
;τότε κοῦρος ἔα, νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει Il.4.321
;σὺν κόροις τε καὶ κόραις A.Fr.43
: in mock Trag.,Οἰδίπου.. παῖδε, διπτύχω κόρω Ar.Fr. 558
: rarein Prose, Pl.Lg. 772a; male infant,ἔτεκε κόρον Conon 33.3
, cf. IG42(1).121.5 (Epid., iv B. C.); in Il. of warriors, 9.86, 12.196, al.; κοῦροι Βοιωτῶν, Ἀθηναίων, Ἀχαιῶν, 2.510, 551, 562;λεκτοὶ Ἀθηναίων κ. E.Supp. 356
; also, of servants waiting at sacrifices and feasts, Il.1.470, al.; at Sparta, κόροι, = ἱππεῖς, Archyt. ap. Stob.4.1.138.2 with gen. of pr. n., son, Od.19.523, etc.;Θησέως κ. S.Ph. 562
, cf. Tr. 644 (lyr.);τῶν ὀλωλότων κόροι E.Supp. 107
; Κεκροπιδῶν κόροι, periphr. like παῖδες, Eub.10.6.II shoot, sprout, of a tree,κόρους πλεκτοὺς.. μυρρίνης Lysipp.9
, cf. Hp. ap. Gal. 19.113, EM276.28, Hsch.; cf. κοῦρος (B).III for [comp] Comp. v. κουρότερος. (Acc. to Eust.582.20, al., from κείρω, of one who has cut his hair short on emerging from boyhood: but κόρ (ϝ) ος (masc. of κόρη) perh. cogn. with Lat. Ceres, Cerus, cresco.)------------------------------------κόρος (C), ὁ,A besom, Hsch.------------------------------------κόρος (D), ὁ, Hebr.A kor, a dry measure containing, acc. to J.AJ 15.9.2, 10 [dialect] Att. medimni (about 120 gallons), LXX Nu.11.32, al., Ev.Luc.16.7, cf. Eupolem. ap. Alex.Polyh.18. -
39 nurse
nurse [nɜ:s]1 noun(a) Medicine (in hospital) infirmier(ère) m,f; (privately employed) infirmier(ère) m,f, garde-malade mf;∎ male nurse infirmier m(c) (wet nurse) nourrice f(a) (care for) soigner;∎ he nursed her through the worst of it il l'a soignée pendant qu'elle était au plus mal;∎ she nursed me back to health elle a pris soin de moi jusqu'à ce que je guérisse;∎ figurative he was nursing a bad hangover il essayait de faire passer sa gueule de bois;∎ to nurse one's pride panser ses blessures (d'amour-propre);∎ she nursed the boat back into harbour elle ramena le bateau au port sans encombre;∎ he nursed the company through the crisis il a permis à l'entreprise de traverser la crise(c) (breast-feed) allaiter∎ he sat nursing his fourth whisky il sirotait son quatrième whisky(a) (as profession) être infirmier(ère);∎ she spent a few years nursing elle a travaillé pendant quelques années comme infirmière►► American nurse's aide aide-soignant (aide-soignante) m,f;nurse shark requin-tapis m, requin-nourrice m
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