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1 ἄημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `blow' (Il.).Etymology: Old IE verb, Skt. vā́-ti `blow', Goth. wai-an, OHG wā-jan, wāen, OCS vě-jǫ. Skt. vā́-ta- m. `wind' from * h₂ueh-nt-o-, Av. vāta-; both words often to be read with three syllables, * vaHata-. The same word in Lat. ventus, Goth. winds, Toch. A want; B yente; Hitt. ḫuu̯ant- from * h₂uh₁-ent-. - On ἀετμόν τὸ πνεῠμα see ἀτμός. See also ἄελλα, αὔρα, ἀήσυρος. Not cognate ἀήρ.Page in Frisk: 1,26-27Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄημι
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2 τύπος [2]
τύπος, ὁ, 1) der Schlag; τύπος ἀντίτυπος, Her. 1, 67, im Orak., wo Hammer u. Ambos damit angedeutet ist; – das durch den Schlag Hervorgebrachte; – a) der sichtbare Eindruck vom Schlage; Schlag oder Gepräge der Münze, mit u. ohne νομίσματος, Sp.; τὸν τύπον ἀπέματτε Luc. Alex. 21. – Die Züge der in Stein gehauenen Schriftzeichen, χαρακτήρων, τύποι γραμμάτων, Plut. Alex. 17. – Τῶν ἥλων, Nägelmale, N. T. – Ueh. durch Hämmern des Metalls oder Behauen des Steins hervorgebrachtes Kunstwerk, σιδηρονώτοις ἀσπίδος τύποις Eur. Phoen. 1137, vgl. Rhes. 305; χρυσέων ξοάνων τύποι, Troad. 1074; τύποις ἐσκευάσϑαι, ἐγγεγλύφϑαι, von erhabener Arbeit in Stein, mit eingeschnitzten Figuren versehen, geziert sein, Her. 2, 138; τύποι, übh. Bildhauerarbeit, 2, 86, vgl. 3, 88; Bildsäule, Agath. 36. 39 ( Plan. 331. VII, 602); ἐν τύπῳ od. ἐπὶ τύπου, in erhabener Arbeit, Paus. 2, 19, 7. 9, 11, 3. – Uebh. Eindruck von einem Tritt od. Druck, Spur, στίβου Soph. Phil. 29; πληγῶν Plut. Aemil. Paull. 19; χύτρας, die Spur, welche der Topf da zurückließ, wo er stand, Ath. – Uebertr., τύπος, ὃν ἄν τις βούληται ἐνσημήνασϑαι ἑκάστῳ, Plat. Rep. II, 377 b. – b) der hörbare Eindruck vom Schlage, z. B. des Hammers, vom Hufschlage der Pferde u. ä., Xen. Equit. 11, 12 u. A. – 2) Uebh. Form, Gestalt, Abbild; Ἱππομέδοντος σχῆμα καὶ μέγας τύπος, Aesch. Spt. 470; ἐν γυναικείοις τύποις, Suppl. 279. – Uebertr., τύπος ῥήτορος, Plat. Rep. III, 396 e; εἰς ἀρχὴν καὶ τύπον τινὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης κινδυνεύομεν ἐμβεβηκέναι, IV, 443 c; – Umriß, kurze, unausgeführte Darstellung od. Beschreibung einer Sache, bes. τύπῳ, ὡς τύπῳ, ἐν τύπῳ λέγειν, im Umriß, oberflächlich, überhaupt, ohne nähere Bestimmung; ὡς ἐν τύπῳ, μὴ δι' ἀκριβείας εἰρῆσϑαι, III, 414 a (vgl. Arist. eth. 2, 2, 3); ἤτοι σαφῶς ἢ καί τινα τύπον αὐτοῦ ληπτέον, Phil. 61 a; Folgde, δόντες τοὺς τύπους τούτους ὑπὲρ τῆς ὅλης διοικήσεως, Andeutungen, Pol. 22, 7, 9. – Auch Vorbild, Muster, Modell, wonach Etwas gearbeitet wird; τύπον, adv., nach Art, gleichwie, Sp. oft. – 3) eine gewisse Regel oder Ordnung, nach welcher Krankheiten zu- od. abnehmen, Medic. – 4) eine Klage wider einen säumigen Schuldner, Poll. 8, 29.
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3 ἄγνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: ἄξω, ἔαξα or ἦξα, ἔᾱγα, ἅ̆ γην or ἐᾰ́γην (on ἐά̄γη at verse end Λ 559 s. Wackernagel Unt. 141, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 18).Derivatives: ἀγή (ᾱ- in A. R. 1, 554; 4, 941); with reduplication and ablaut ἰωγή? (\< *Ϝι-Ϝωγ-ή) `shelter', if `breaking' ( the wind; ξ 533), also im comp. ἐπιωγαί, -ή (ε 404 usw.) dissimilated from *ἐπι-ϜιϜωγαί (but see Bechtel Lex.) `places of shelter'. ἄξος (hardly from σ-aor.) = ἀγμός (Crete). Not PlN Όάξος, i.e. Ϝάξος (Hdt. 4, 154). γακτός (Ϝ-)· κλάσμα H. On Ϝαγανο- s. CEG 6.Etymology: As *Ϝάγ-νυμι (Ϝ certain in Homer) to Toch. wāk- `split apart', caus. `split'. - Ϝωγ- \< * uoh₂g-. Perhaps to Lat. vāgīna `Scheide', cf. Scheide to scheiden. Improbable vervāctum `fallow ground' from *vēre vāctum (Pisani REIE 3, 59ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,13Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγνυμι
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4 ἄεθλος
Grammatical information: m.,Meaning: `contest', n. `prize of contest'Other forms: - ον n. Hom.Etymology: Original meaning prob. `contest for a prize'. Not to Skt. vāyati `be tired', which is also formally difficult (impossible if * ueh₂-). The form suggest * h₂uedʰ-.Page in Frisk: 1,22Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄεθλος
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5 ἄελλα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `stormwind' (Il).Other forms: ἀέλλη Π 374Dialectal forms: Aeol. αὔελλαEtymology: Cf. θύελλα. Derivation fron the root of ἄημι, * h₂ueh₁-, is impossible. W. awel f. `wind' requires * h₂eu-el-, from which the Greek form can also be derived: *ἀϜελ-ι̯α. ( ἀείλη πνοή H. does not fit in.)See also: ἀέτμονPage in Frisk: 1,24-25Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄελλα
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6 ἄνται
Grammatical information: f.pl.Etymology: To be corrected in ἀῆται, ἀήτας? Derivation from * h₂enh₁- `breathe' (s. ἄνεμος)} is impossible (would be *ἀνεται, or *ἀται (with ᾱ) \< *h₂n̥h₁t-). S. ἀήτης s.v. ἄημι.Page in Frisk: 1,113Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄνται
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7 ἄστυ
ἄστυ, - εοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `town' (Il.).Derivatives: ἀστικός `of a town' (A.) - ἀστεῖος id. and `fine, polite' (Arist.). Curious ἄστυρον `(small) town' (Call.). ἀστός m. `citizen' (Il.) \< *ἀστϜ-ός, cf. Thess. ϜαστϜός.Etymology: ἄστυ \< Ϝάστυ (Boeot. Ϝάστιος gen., Arc. Ϝασστυ-όχω (gen.), Thess. ϜαστϜός) resembles Skt. vā́stu n. `dwelling place' (younger vastu n. `place, thing'), Messap. vastei (dat., Krahe Glotta 17, 100) and Toch. A waṣt, B ost `house'. They require * ueh₂stu, with ἀστυ \< * uh₂stu (Beekes IF 93 (1988)24). Not to Skt. vásati `dwell, live', s. ἄεσα (aor.).Page in Frisk: 1,173-174Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄστυ
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8 ἄτη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `damage, guilt, bewilderment' (Il.), `fine' (Gortyn).Derivatives: ἀτηρός `blinded, bringing ruin' (Thgn.); ἀτάομαι ( ἀϜατάομαι, s. below) `suffer, get damage' (S.) `be fined' (Gortyn, Gytheion).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From ἀϜάτη, as appears from αὑάτα (Alc.) and denom. ἀϜατᾶται (Gytheion); also ἀγατᾶσθαι [= ἀϜα-] βλάπτεσθαι H.). So the ἀ- is long (for the exceptions Archil. 73 read ἄγη, Page Entretiens Hardt X, 1965, 110; and A. Ag. 131, Hermann ἄγα). - ἀϜά-τη is a verbal noun to *ἀϜά-σαι, s. ἀάω. Could be PIE * h₂ueh₂-. - Fur. 234 compares ἀϜατη with ἀπάτη; not very probable.Page in Frisk: 1,178Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄτη
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9 ἠχη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sound, noise' (Il.)Other forms: Dor. ἀχάCompounds: As 2. member e. g. in ὑψ-ηχής `high neighing ( ἵππος, Il.); ἄντ-ηχος `sounding against' (Ph.) to ἠχή, ἦχος or ἠχέω.Derivatives: ἠχήεις `sounding, making noise' (Il.; with shortening ἠχέεντα Archil. 74, 8; s. Schwyzer 246). - ἠχώ, Dor. ἀχώ f. `sound, noise', also personified (h. Hom., Hes. Sc., Pi., A.). - ἦχος m. (sec. n.; Schwyzer 512) = ἠχή with ἠχώδης (Hp., hell.); also as PN Ϝᾶχος (Ark.), shortname like Ϝᾶχυς (Cor. Chalcid.). ἠχέω, aor. ἠχῆσαι, often with prefix, e. g. ἀντ-, ὑπ-, `sound, rustle, give a sound' (Hes.); with ἀντ-ήχημα, - ήχησις, ἠχέτης, - τᾰ ( ἀχ-) `who gives sound, cicada' (Hes.; also from ἦχος, Schwyzer 500, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 165), ἠχητής Hes. with ἠχητικός `sounding' (late), ἠχεῖον `drum' (Ph., Plu.). - On ἰάχω, ἰαχή s. v.Etymology: Behind ἠχή from *Ϝᾱχά̄, with ἠχώ and sec. ἦχος (cf. κόμπος, τάραχος), stands a root noun or an uncharacterized verb. These were replaced by innovations, ἠχ-ή and the derived, rather deverbative (cf. e. g. κηλεω and Schwyzer 720) than denominative ἠχέω. Beside it stands a primrry reduplicated present with zero grade Ϝι-Ϝᾰ́χ-ω, s. ἰάχω. - The expressive forms ἠχή, ἠχέω have, as expected, no exact parallels in other languages. Close are Lat. vāgīre `wail' (with IE -g-), and a few Baltic and Germanic words with initial su̯-, e. g. Lith. svagiù, -ėti `sound' (IE -g(h)-), OE swōgan `sound' (IE - gh- as in ἠχή). Fick GGA 1894, 237, Hoffmann BB 26, 132, Bezzenberger BB 27, 152. - See W.-Hofmann s. vāgiō.Page in Frisk: 1,646-647Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἠχη
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10 θήρ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `wild animal, beast of prey' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. θηρο-φόνος `killing wild' (Thgn.), Θηρε-φόνα (Paus. 5, 3, 3; on the comp. vowel - ε- Schwyzer 438); ἔν-θηρος `full of wild' (trag.), ἄ-θηρος (Hdt., A.) `without wild', also `without hunting' (from θήρα; Sommer Nominalkomp. 149f.).Derivatives: θηρίον `wild animal, hunted animal' (Od.; Wackernagel Unt. 218; orig. soothing diminutive, Sieberer Sprache 2, 112); posthhom. also `animal', with several derivv.: diminut. θηρίδιον (Thphr.), θηρά̄φιον (Damokr. ap. Gal.; Wackernagel Glotta 4, 243f.); prob. as backformation, θήραφος `spider' (Cyren. 62; acc. to Strömberg Wortstudien 23 as "hunted animal" from θήρα, θηρᾶν); θηριακός `regarding the enimals' (medic.), θηριώδης `full of wild animals, animal-like' (IA); θηριότης `being of an animal' (Arist); denomin.: 1. θηριόομαι, - όω `be changed into an animal' (Pl., Eub.) with θηρίωσις (Luc.); beside it θηρίωμα `malignant ulcer' from θηρίον `id.' (medic.); 2. θηριάζομαι `id.' ( Corp. Herm. 10, 20). - θήρειος `belonging to (the) wild (animals ' (IA). - Denominative verbs: 1. θηράω `hunt' (A.), perf. ptc. πεφειράκοντες (Thess.); from there θηρατήρ, - άτωρ (- ρητ-) `hunter' (Il.; on - τήρ: - τωρ Benveniste Noms d'agent 46 with the objections of Fraenkels Gnomon 22, 161) with θηρατήριος (S.); also θηρατής `id.' (Ar.) mit θηρατικός (X.); θήραμα `hunting booty' (E.), θήρατρον `apparatus for hunting, net' (X.); θηράσιμος `worth the hunting, the trying' (A. Pr. 858; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 63). Here also as backformation θήρα `hunt, booty' (Il.) with θηροσύνη `id.' (Opp., AP), θηρότις θηρεύτρια H. (after ἀγρότις). As 2. member - θήρας, e. g. ὀρνιθο-θήρας `birdcatcher' (Ar., Arist.). 2. θηρεύω `hunt' (τ 465) with θηρευτής `hunt' (Il.), θηρευτικός (Ar., X., Arist.), also θηρευτήρ (Opp.), f. θηρεύτρια (pap.), θήρευμα `hunting booty' (S., E., Pl.), θήρευσις `hunt' (Ph). - See Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 65ff.; also Fraenkel Nom. ag. (s. index); and Porzig Satzinhalte 234.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [493] *ǵʰueh₁r- `wild animalEtymology: With the pluralforms θῆρες, θηρῶν agree exactly the East Lith. forms žvė́res, žvėrų̃, IE *ǵhu̯ēr-es, -om; with transform. to the i-declension sing. Lith. žverìs, OCS zvěrь `id.'. Beside it with short stemvowel Lat. fĕrus `wild'. Details in W.-Hofmann s. ferus, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. zverь; Pok. 493.Page in Frisk: 1,671-672Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θήρ
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11 λᾶας
Grammatical information: m. (late also f.),Meaning: `stone'; as GN (Laconia) Λᾱ̃ς and Λᾶ (Th., Paus., St.Byz. a.o.; acc. Λᾰ́ᾱν Β 585).Other forms: gen. etc. λᾱ̃-ος, -ι, - αν (-α Call.), pl. λᾶ-ες etc. (Il.); also as ο-stem λᾶος, - ου etc. (Hes.Fr. 115[?], S., Cyrene, Gortyn; details in Schwyzer 578),Compounds: Compp., e. g. λᾱ-τόμος (beside uncontracted or restored λαο-) `stone-cutter' with λᾱτομ-ίαι `quarry' (= Lat. lātomiae beside lautumiae \< *λαο-; s.W.-Hofmann s. v.), Arg., Syracus., hell. (Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 125f.); λα(ο)-ξό(ο)ς with λαξεύω etc. (Georgacas Glotta 36, 165 f.), λατύπος; as 2. member in κραταί-λεως (\< -*ληϜος or -*λᾱϜος; cf. below) `with hard rock' (A., E.), prob. also in ὑπο-λαΐς, - ίδος (H. also - ληΐς) f. name of an unknown bird (Arist.); cf. Thompson Birds s.v.; s. also 2. λαιός.Derivatives: λάϊγγες f. pl. `small stones' (Od., A. R.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 399; wrong Specht Ursprung 127; s. also below); λάϊνος, - ΐνεος `(of) stone' (Il.); uncertain λαιαί f. pl. (Arist.), λεῖαι (Gal.), sg. λεία (Hero) `the stones used as weights hanging from the upright loom'; unclear λαίεται καταλεύεται H. and λαυστήρ μοχθηρός... η οἴκου λαύρα, λαύστρανον τινες λύκον, τινες φρέατος ἅρπαγα H.; hypotheses by Jokl Rev. int. ét. balk. 1,46ff.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On λαύρα and λεύω s. vv. The unique stemformation of λᾶας is unexplained. One supposes an old neuter with sec. transition to the masc. (fem.) after λίθος, πέτρος (Brugmann IF 11, 100 ff.). The further evaluation is quite uncertain. After Brugmann orig. nom.-acc. *λῆϜας (\< IE. *lēu̯ǝs-; on the full grade cf. λεύω and λεῖαι), gen., dat. etc. *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι (IE. *lǝu̯ǝs-os, -i) \> λᾶ-ος, -ι, to which analogically the nom. λᾶ-ας was formed. The simpler assumption, that only the vowellength in λᾶας (for older *λᾰ́Ϝας) was taken from (gen.) λᾶ-ος etc., is rejected by B. Metrical objections against a contraction of *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι to λᾶ-ος, -ι by Ruijgh l.c.; he prefers, with Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 211 to see in λᾶ-ος, -ι etc. an (unenlarged) consonant-stem λᾱϜ-. Who accepts these, not decisive, objections but also does not want to assume heteroclis, might assume a full grade monosyllabic oblique stem *λᾱϜσ- (beside *λᾰϜᾰσ-). The abandoning of the old σ-flection was anyhow connected with the gender-change. - Quite diff. Pedersen Cinq. decl. lat. 44ff. (with de Saussure Rec. 587 f.): λᾶας old masc. ablauting ā-stem: *λᾱϜᾱ-: λᾱϜ(ᾰ)- \< IE. * leh₂ueh₂-: *leh₂u̯(h₂)-; the supposed full grade -ā- (*- eh₂-) is however quite hypothetical, but it would nicely explain the absence of the root-vowel in the inflection; followed by Beekes, Origins (1985)15-17. - The word λᾶας was apparently unknown to Ion.-Attic (Wackernagel Hell. 9 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,22; doubts in Björck Alpha impurum 69 and 76 n. 1); Ion.-Att. form shows κραταί-λεως (or only poetical analogy after λαός: Μενέ-λεως a.o.?); thus the free-standing λεύω (s. v.). Connections to λᾶας outside Greek are rare and not without doubt. First Alb. lerë, -a `stone, heap of stones, stony plain, rockslope' from IE. *lā̆uerā (Jokl Rev. int. et. balk. 1, 46ff.; to λαύρα?, s.v.); Illyr. PN Lavo f. prop. "which belongs to the rock (stone)" (from * lava `stone'; Krahe ZNF 19, 72; Spr. d. Illyr. 1,69 f.). One considers further the orig. Celtic Lat. lausiae f. `small stones from stone-cuttings', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. The suffixal agreement between λάϊγγες and OIr. līe, gen. līac (\< Celt. *līu̯ank-; cf. Pok. 683 against Loth Rev. celt. 44, 293; also Lewy Festschr. Dornseiff 226 f.) is no doubt accidental. Further uncertain combinations in Bq, WP. 2, 405 ff., W.-Hofmann s. lausiae. - For Aegaean origin also Chantraine Formation 421, Güntert Labyrinth 5,9. - Since the Myc. form shows that there was no -w- in the form, we must assume *lāh- (but not from *lās-, as the -s- would have been retained. Hence the relation to λεύω, λαύρα has become quite unclear. See Heubeck, IF 66 (1961) 29-34. Fur. 329 compares λέπας; he considers (n. 53) λαίνθη λάρναξ λιθίνη Cyr. as proof of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 2,64-66Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λᾶας
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