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1 ἐσχάρα
-ας ἡ N 1 7-1-3-2-1=14 Ex 27,4(bis).5(bis); 30,3grate, grating Ex 27,4; hearth, fireplace Prv 26,21Cf. DANIEL, S. 1966, 26; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 275; →LSJ RSuppl -
2 διακναίω
A scrape or grate away, ὄψιν δ. gouge out his eye, E.Cyc. 487 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., to be lacerated, Hp.Mul.2.120; διακναιομένης κάμακος the spear being shivered, A.Ag.65 (anap.).2 wear out, wear away,ἡ ἀσιτίη δ. Hp.Morb.1.13
;πόθος μ' ἔχει διακναίσας Ar.Ec. 957
, cf.E.IA27 (lyr.), Heracl. 296 (lyr.); δ. Ὀρέστην murder Orestes (i.e. the character, by bad acting), Stratt.1:—[voice] Pass., to be worn quite away, destroyed, αἰκίαις, μόχθοις, A.Pr.94, 541 (lyr.), cf. E.Med. 164 (lyr.), Alc. 109 (lyr.); ; τὸ χρῶμα διακεκναισμένος with all one's colour scraped off, Id.Nu. 120.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διακναίω
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3 κνάω
κνάω,Aκνᾷ Plu.2.61d
, but in correct [dialect] Att. κνῇ, inf. κνῆν (v. ἐπικνάω ) corrupted to κνεῖν Moer.p.234 P., Hsch., [dialect] Ion.κνᾶν Hdt.7.239
: [tense] fut. (prob. l.): [tense] aor.ἔκνησα Id.Int.23
, Pl.Smp. 185c (prob.l.), Arist.Pr. 965a23, ( κατ-) Ar.V. 965; but κνᾶσαι· ὀλέσαι, λυπῆσαι, Hsch.; [ per.] 3sg. [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.ἐπι-κνῆ Il.11.639
:—[voice] Med., inf. , laterκνᾶσθαι Plu.2.89e
, etc.: [tense] fut.κνήσομαι Herod.4.51
: [tense] aor.ἐκνησάμην Luc.
Bis Acc.1, [dialect] Dor. ἐκνᾱς- Theoc.7.110:—[voice] Pass.,κνᾶται Gal.10.979
: [tense] pf.κατα-κέκνησμαι Id.13.1022
:—scrape, grate, ἐπὶ δ' αἴγειον κνῆ τυρόν Il.l.c., cf. Hp.Int. l.c.; τὸν κηρὸν κνᾶν to scrape it off, Hdt.l.c. (nisi leg. ἐκκν-), cf. Gal.13.1022:—[voice] Pass., prob. for κνισθεῖσα in Thphr.HP9.20.4.II scratch,τῇ χειρί Hp.Fract.21
; τὸν περὶ τὰς μασχάλας τόπον Arist.l.c.:—[voice] Med., scratch oneself,ἀφθόνως ἔχειν τοῦ κνῆσθαι Pl.Grg.
l.c.;κνώμενος τὸ κρανίον Timocl.2.5
D.; τὸ βρέγμα κνήσῃ Herod.l.c.; [ἔλαφοι] κνώμενοι [τὰ κέρατα] πρὸς τὰ δένδρα Arist.HA 611b16
;δακτύλῳ κνᾶσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν Plu.Pomp.48
: abs., Id.2.1091e, Jul.Caes. 323b;τρίβειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ κνᾶσθαι Phld. Rh.2.143
S.; κνήσασθαι τὸ οὖς Luc.l.c.;κνησάμενον ἑνὶ τῶν ποδῶν τὴν πλευράν Gal.8.443
.2 [voice] Med., itch, Id.10.437, 979.III tickle, τὴν ῥῖνα prob. in Pl.Smp.l.c.:—[voice] Med., κνᾶσθαι τὰ ὦτα πτερῷ tickle one's ears, Luc.Salt.2, etc.: metaph.,τοῦτο κνᾷ καὶ γαργαλίζει καὶ ἀναπείθει Plu.2.61d
:—[voice] Pass.,οὐ παρέργως ἐκνώμην πρὸς αὐτά Luc. Nec.3
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4 κνίζω
Aἔκνῐσα Pi.P.8.32
, Herod.4.59, etc.; [dialect] Dor.ἔκνιξα Pi.I.6(5).50
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. , Theoc.4.59: scratch, gash, παῖδα.. γυμνὸν ἢν κνίσω.. οὐχ ἕλκος ἕξει; Herod.l.c.; κνίζων συκάμινα (to make them ripen) LXX Am.7.14, cf. Ath.2.51b.2 usu. metaph., of love, chafe, tease, , cf. E.Med. 568;κἠγὼ μὰν κνίζω τινά Theoc.5.122
; of other feelings, as satiety,κόρος κνίζει Pi.P.
l.c.; anxiety,Ξέρξην ἔκνιζε ἡ γνώμη Hdt.7.12
; τὰ σμικρὰ οὐδέν μιν κνίζει (sc. τὸν θεόν) ib.10.έ; ἔκνιζέ μ' αἰεὶ τοῦθ' S.OT 786; (troch.); provoke, tease, Ar.V. 1286; οὐ κατ' ἔπος κνίσω τὸ ῥῆμ' ἕκαστον will not attack every word, Id.Ra.l.c.; provoke to jealousy, Alciphr.1.32; in good sense,ἁδεῖά νιν ἔκνιξε χάρις Pi.I.6(5).50
:—[voice] Pass., E.Med. 555, Andr.l.c.;ἐρωτίδα τᾶς ποκ' ἐκνίσθη Theoc.4.59
, cf. Luc.DMeretr.10.4;κνιζόμενος ὑπ' ἔρωτος ἐπὶ τῇ παιδί App.Pun.10
; ἐκνίσθης; does that touch you? Men.Per. 16. -
5 λαμπτήρ
A stand or grate for pine and other wood used for lighting rooms, Od.18.307 sq., 343, 19.63; ὦ χαῖρε, λ. νυκτός thou that lightest up the night, of a beacon-fire, A.Ag.22; ἕσπεροι λαμπτῆρες the evening watch-fires, S.Aj. 286;ἡλίου λαμπτῆρες E.Rh.60
.b epith. of Dionysus, Paus.7.27.3.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαμπτήρ
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6 συγξύω
A shred or grate up,φάρμακον Hp.Haem.3
: metaph., πάντα συγξύσας having scraped together every penny, D.L.4.47. -
7 τραχύνω
τρᾱχύν-ω, [dialect] Ion. [pref] τρηχ-: [tense] pf. τετράχῡκα ([etym.] ἀπο-) D.H.Comp.22:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.Aἐτρᾱχύνθην Pl.Ti. 66c
: [tense] pf.τετράχυσμαι Arist.HA 536b23
, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Luc.Pisc.51; [ per.] 3sg. ; inf. : ([etym.] τραχύς):—make rough, uneven, Id.Ti. 65d: c. acc., τ. τὸ κύτος ib. 67a;αὔρη τρηχύνοι πέλαγος A.R.4.768
:— [voice] Pass., become rough, Pl.Ti. 66c, Plu.Rom.3, etc.; of the sea, Arist. Col. 791a21; of the voice, Id.Aud. 803b2; τ. τῇ φωνῇ use rough, harsh tones, Plu.TG2.2 in A.Th. 1050, τράχυνε refers to τραχύς γε μέντοι δῆμος just before, call them harsh.3 metaph. in [voice] Pass., to be angry, exasperated,τετραχύνθαι τε καὶ ἀγωνιᾶν Pl.Prt. 333e
;πρός τινα Plb.2.21.3
, Plu.Pel.26; τινι Anon. Oxy.664.38; τ. ὅτι .. D.H.Th.43.4 τ. τὰς ἀκοάς grate roughly on the ears, Id.Comp.22.II intr., to be rough,ὁ τραχύνων τόπος D.S.1.32
;τὰ τραχύνοντα τοῦ ποταμοῦ Plu.Cat.Ma. 20
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τραχύνω
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8 ἀποτραχύνω
Aἀποτετράχυκα D.H.Comp.22
:— make rough or hard: metaph., τὴν ἁρμογήν l.c.; but ἀ. τὴν ἀκοήν grate on the ear, Id.Dem.43:—[voice] Pass., to be or become rough or hard, Thphr.HP6.4.2.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποτραχύνω
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9 ἐγκνήθω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐγκνήθω
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10 ἐπίηρα
A = ἦρα φέρειν or ἦρα ἐπιφέρειν, bring one acceptable gifts, render service,ἐπίηρα φέροντα S.OT 1094
(lyr.), cf. Rhian.1.21;ἐπίηρα φέρεσθαι A.R.4.375
;δέχθαι AP13.22
(Phaedim.); ἐπίηρα, as Adv., = χάριν, for the sake of, Antim.87; ὃς κακὰ πόλλ' ὑπέμεινε μιῆςἐ. θυγατρός PHamb.22.2
(iv A.D.).II. sg. ἐπίηρος pleasant, grate ful,χθών Emp.96.1
;γέρας Simm.6.3
: [comp] Comp.ἐπιηρέστερος Epich. 186
. Cf. ἦρα, ἐπιήρανος. -
11 ἐπικνάω
A scrape or grate over, ἐπὶ δ' αἴγειον κνῆ ([tense] impf.)τυρόν Il.11
. 639; ἐ. τυρόν, σίλφιον, Ar.Av. 533 (anap.), 1582; τί τινι ib. 1586: [dialect] Att. inf.ἐπικνῆν Com.Adesp.722
.2. scratch,τὴν παρειάν Hld.2.8
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπικνάω
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12 ἐπιξύω
A grate over,τυρὸν ἐπιξυσθέντα Pl.R. 406a
, cf. Arist.HA 612b17; scrape the surface of the skull, Hp.VC14.3. [voice] Pass., to be carved,εἰκόνες λίθῳ Procop.Aed.1.11
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13 κνάω
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > κνάω
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14 -κναίω
- κναίωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `scrape, scratch', only with prefix, δια-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-κναίω (Hp., Trag. in lyr., Att.);Other forms: also as simplex, Att. inf. κνῆ-ν, κνῆ-σθαι, 1. a. 3. sg. pres. κνῶ, κνῃ̃, ipf. ἐπὶ... κνῆ (Λ 639), also κνᾶ-ν (Hdt.), κνᾶ-σθαι, κνᾳ̃ (hell.); further κνήθω, also with κατα-, ἐν-, ἐπι- a. o. (Arist., hell.). Non-pres. forms: 1. - κναῖσαι, - κναισθῆναι, - κναίσω, - κεκναισμένος (Ar., E. in lyr., Pl.,Theoc.); more usual (as simpl. a. comp.) 2. κνῆσαι, Dor. opt. midd. (Theoc.) κνάσαιο, κνησθῆναι, κνήσω, κέκνησμαι (IA.).Derivatives: Action nouns: 1. κνῆσις `scratching, tickling' (Pl.) with κνησιάω `desire to tickle' (Ar., Pl.), also κνηστιάω `id.' (Gal., Jul.; after the verbs in - τιάω) and κνηθιάω `id.' (Hdn., EM; after κνήθω, cf. Schwyzer 732). 2. κνῆσμα (rarely κνῆμα) `id.' (Hp., X.); 3. κνησμονή `id.' (medic.; πῆμα: πημονή etc.); 4. κνησμός `id.' (Hp., Arist.) with κνησμώδης `affected with itching' (Hp., Arist., Str.). 5. κνηθμός `itching' (Nic.). - Agent nouns and instruments: 6. κνῆστις f. (from *κνήστης m.) `knife for scratching, cheese-grater' (Λ 640, Nic., Opp.), also `spine' (κ 161; cf. ἄκνηστις s.v.); diff. on κνῆστις z. B. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 41ff., Benveniste Noms d'agent 77; 7. κνηστήρ `scratching knife' (Nic.). 8. κνηστίς -ίδος f. `hollow hair-pin' (Plu.). 9. κνῆστρον `stinging plant, Daphne oleoides, θυμελαία' (Hp., Dsc.); κνηστρίον `scraper', ( Edict. Diocl.). - Adj. 10. κνηστικός `scratching, itching' (Sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Of the presents κναίειν, κνῆν, κνήθειν the last can be an innovation to κνῆ-σαι etc. after πλῆ-σαι: πλή-θ-ω, λῆ-σαι: λήθ-ω a. o. The pair κνῆν: κναίειν agrees with the semantically close ψῆν: ψαίειν. - One compares several words with initial IE. * k(e)n- but with different forms, which is not surprising in view of the emotional value of expressions for `scratch, grate'. With κνῆ-ν (prob. orig. athematic; Schwyzer 675f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 297 a. 307) from IE. * knē- agree best in Baltic and Germanic Lith. kn(i)ó-tis `peek (oneself) off, get loose', OHG nuoen `make smooth by scratching, fit exactly' (with OHG hnuo `joint, groove' etc.) from IE. * knō-? (cf. κνώ-δ-αλον?), perh. * knā- as in Alb. krromë `scab, mange' form IE. *knā-mn̥ (Gr. κνῆμα is independent). Lat. cnāsonas however, acc. pl. `scratching nails' (Paul. Fest. 52) from hell. *κνά̄σων `scratcher' ( κνᾶσαι ὀλέσαι, λυπῆσαι H.); cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207. - The - αι- in κναίω however has no direct counterpart (Lith. knaisýti is secondary to knìsti `scratch', s. κνίζω). Connecting κνῆ-ν and κναί-ειν to an old paradigma (* knē[i]-mi: knǝi-mé (Schwyzer 676; cf. Specht Ursprung 325; the last form is impossible since the laryngeal theory) is quite hypothetical. - Cf. κνίζω, κνύω, κνάπτω; κνώδαλον, κνήφη, κνέωρος and κόνις; s. Pok. 559ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knablỹs. - Strangely enough it has not been proposed that the words could well be Pre-Greek; the meaning makes this quite possible; the connections in Pok. 599 are far from convincing. Cf. also κναδάλλεται κνήθεται H., with which compare γνάφαλλον, γνόφαλον, which are clearly Pre-Greek (s.s.v. κνάπτω); is κναδ- a variant of κνηθ-? For κναδ- no PIE prefrom can be reconstructed (cf. on γνάθος). Note that Kuiper assumed that words with kn- in Germanic were prob. substrate, NOWELE 25 (1995) 68 a.70. The formation of κνήσων (and the Latin loan cnāsōn- cited above) seems non-IE; cf. DELG s.v. Also the formation of a verb in - αίω is unknown.Page in Frisk: 1,880-881Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > -κναίω
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15 τρίβω
1) abrade2) grate3) rub4) scour5) scrubΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > τρίβω
См. также в других словарях:
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Grate — Grate, n. [LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.] 1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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grate — [v1] shred, grind down abrade, bark, bray, file, fray, gall, mince, pound, pulverize, rasp, raze, rub, scrape, scratch, scuff, skin, triturate; concepts 186,215 grate [v2] irritate aggravate, annoy, burn, chafe, exasperate, fret, gall, get on… … New thesaurus