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  • 41 económico

    adj.
    1 economic, economical, saving, sparing.
    2 cost-reducing, cost-cutting, cash-saving, economical.
    3 economic, related to economics.
    4 cheap to run, economic, cost-effective.
    5 inexpensive, cheap, low-priced, knockdown.
    * * *
    1 (gen) economic
    2 (barato) cheap, economical, inexpensive
    3 (persona) thrifty, careful with money
    \
    crisis económica economic crisis, recession
    * * *
    (f. - económica)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) [gen] economic; [año] fiscal, financial
    2) (=barato) economical, inexpensive

    edición económica — cheap edition, popular edition

    3) (=ahorrativo) thrifty; pey miserly
    ECONÓMICO ¿"Economic" o "economical"? ► El adjetivo económico se traduce por economic cuando se refiere al comercio o las finanzas: China ha vivido cinco años de reformas económicas China has lived through five years of economic reforms ... el ritmo del crecimiento económico...... the pace of economic growth... ► Económico se traduce por economical cuando se usa para describir algo que presenta una buena relación calidad-precio: Resulta más económico tener un coche de gasoil It is more economical to have a diesel-engined car Economic se puede usar en inglés para traducir rentable: Mantendremos las tarifas altas para que el servicio resulte rentable We shall keep the fares high to make the service economic Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <crisis/situación> economic (before n); <problema/independencia> financial
    2)
    a) <piso/comida> cheap; <restaurante/hotel> cheap, inexpensive
    b) ( que gasta poco) < motor> economical; < persona> thrifty
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <crisis/situación> economic (before n); <problema/independencia> financial
    2)
    a) <piso/comida> cheap; <restaurante/hotel> cheap, inexpensive
    b) ( que gasta poco) < motor> economical; < persona> thrifty
    * * *
    económico1
    1 = economic, financial, fiscal, monetary, monied, pecuniary, budget, moneyed.

    Ex: Generally, the availability of centralised cataloguing records will, if the economic aspects are favourable, encourage uniformity.

    Ex: SIA in the United Kingdom covers information on travel and transport, economics in EEC countries, construction of nuclear power stations, and financial information.
    Ex: The effect of fiscal pressures is particularly evident for government on-line systems, such as DOE/RECON.
    Ex: For example, if the local currency is Belgian francs, monetary amount are always entered in whole francs.
    Ex: This will shift the dynamics of information flow to policymakers to favour monied special interests, which threatens the democratic process.
    Ex: George Watson Cole refers to his mental derangement and pecuniary embarrassment.
    Ex: The aricle has the title ' budget CD-Rewritable drives: to get the best deal, buy a CD-RW drive that's not top of the line'.
    Ex: It is generally recognized that collecting money from moneyed deadbeats is as much a social problem as street thuggery.
    * apoyo económico = financial backing.
    * ayuda económica = fund assistance, financial assistance, grant money, grant, cash grant.
    * bache económico = economic doldrums.
    * brigada de delitos económicos = fraud squad.
    * burbuja económica = price bubble.
    * capacidad económica = earning capacity, earning power.
    * capital económico = financial capital.
    * Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).
    * clima económico = economic climate.
    * comprobación de las necesidades económicas = means-testing, means test.
    * comprobar las necesidades económicas = means test.
    * Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE) = European Economic Community (EEC).
    * con poco recursos económicos = low-budget.
    * crisis económica = economic crisis, economic slump, difficult economic times, economic depression, economic doldrums.
    * crisis económica mundial = global economic slump.
    * cuestión económica = economic issue, financial issue.
    * depresión económica = economic depression, economic doldrums.
    * de recesión económica = recessionary.
    * desastre económico = financial disaster, economic disaster.
    * desde un punto de vista económico = economically.
    * de un modo económico = economically.
    * donación económica = monetary donation.
    * donación económica de fundación = endowment fund.
    * económico-técnico = economic-technical.
    * eficacia económica = economic efficiency.
    * ejercicio económico = business year, accounting year.
    * en tiempos de recesión económica = in recessionary times.
    * equiparación económica = economic levelling.
    * estatus económico = economic status.
    * evaluación de las necesidades económicas = means-testing, means test.
    * evaluar las necesidades económicas = means test.
    * fondo económico = funds.
    * hastiado de la recesión económica = recession-weary.
    * historiador económico = economic historian.
    * incertidumbre económica = economic uncertainty.
    * índice económico = economic index.
    * influencia económica = economic influence.
    * información económica = business news.
    * informe económico = economic report.
    * interés económico = economic interest.
    * mala racha económica = economic doldrums.
    * medida económica = economic measure.
    * memoria económica = economic report.
    * modelo económico = economic model.
    * necesidad económica = economic necessity, economic need.
    * nivelación económica = economic levelling.
    * no económico = non-economic [noneconomic].
    * pasar apuros económicos = lead + a precarious existence.
    * política económica = political economy.
    * político-económico = politico-economic.
    * presión económica = economic pressure.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * recesión económica = economic recession, difficult economic times, economic depression.
    * recortes económicos = economic retrenchment.
    * recuperación económica = economic recovery.
    * reforma económica = economic reform.
    * respaldo económico = financial backing.
    * riesgo económico = financial risk.
    * sanción económica = economic penalty, economic sanction.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * situación económica = economic status.
    * situación económica, la = economics of the situation, the.
    * socioeconómico = socioeconomic [socio-economic].
    * teoría económica = economic theory.
    * trastorno económico = economic upheaval.
    * valor económico = economic value, monetary worth.

    económico2
    2 = cheap [cheaper -comp., cheapest -sup.], cost-effective [cost effective], economical, inexpensive, cost-efficient [cost efficient], dollar-saving, money-saving, thrifty [thriftier -comp., thriftiest -sup.], cut-price, cut-rate, affordable.

    Ex: These indexes are both cheap and quick to produce.

    Ex: OFFSEARCH is a means of running a search overnight on more than one data base, in a cost-effective mode.
    Ex: Fixed length fields the are economical on storage space, and records using fixed length fields are quick and easy to code.
    Ex: a microcomputer will need an inexpensive software package in order to suitable for external communication.
    Ex: Good libraries are a cost-efficient integral part of an effective correctional programme in a detention centre.
    Ex: The article 'Two dollar-saving search tips' explains how to eliminate duplicate citations when printing out search results.
    Ex: It is ironic that reduced funding may threaten money-saving automation plans.
    Ex: As such, the library serves a large blue collar population of thrifty, hardworking people with a predilection toward conservatism in lifestyle and thought.
    Ex: Turkey is heavily promoted by tour operators as an idyllic holiday destination, the cut-price alternative to Greece or Cyprus.
    Ex: Most of these cut-rate laptops include a one-year parts and labor warranty.
    Ex: Information will become more affordable, accessible, and plentiful.
    * alojamiento económico = budget accommodation.
    * de forma económica = cost-effectively.
    * de un modo económico = thriftily.
    * de un modo poco económico = wastefully.
    * hotel económico = budget hotel.

    * * *
    A ‹crisis/situación› economic ( before n)
    tienen problemas económicos they have financial problems
    B
    1 ‹piso/comida› cheap; ‹restaurante/hotel› cheap, inexpensive
    2 (que gasta poco) ‹motor› economical; ‹persona› thrifty
    * * *

     

    económico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1 ‹crisis/situación› economic ( before n);
    ‹problema/independencia› financial
    2
    a) ‹piso/comida› cheap;

    ‹restaurante/hotel› cheap, inexpensive

    ‹ persona› thrifty
    económico,-a adjetivo
    1 (país, empresa) economic
    (persona) financial: tienen problemas económicos, they have financial troubles
    2 (barato) economical, inexpensive: el traje me salió muy económico, the suit was very cheap
    comidas económicas, cheap meals
    3 (persona ahorradora) thrifty
    Recuerda que el adjetivo economic, relativo a la economía, no es igual al adjetivo economical, que significa económico, barato.
    ' económico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ajuste
    - ámbito
    - beneficio
    - bloqueo
    - desajuste
    - despegue
    - económica
    - ejercicio
    - holgura
    - nivel
    - respaldo
    - revés
    - auge
    - clima
    - desbarajuste
    - orden
    - plan
    - refugiado
    - sostén
    English:
    budget
    - business
    - cheap
    - diner
    - ease
    - economic
    - economical
    - fall back on
    - financial
    - inexpensive
    - thrifty
    - wasteful
    - café
    - economics
    - support
    - third
    - uneconomical
    * * *
    económico, -a adj
    1. [asunto, doctrina, crisis] economic;
    la política económica del gobierno the government's economic policy;
    una familia con problemas económicos a family with financial problems;
    mi situación económica es desesperante my financial situation is desperate
    2. [barato] cheap, low-cost;
    pagándolo al contado te sale más económico it works out cheaper if you pay in cash
    3. [que gasta poco] [motor, aparato] economical;
    [persona] thrifty
    * * *
    adj
    1 economic
    2 ( barato) economical
    * * *
    económico, -ca adj
    : economic, economical
    * * *
    1. (de la economía) economic
    2. (que gasta poco) economical
    3. (que cuesta poco) inexpensive

    Spanish-English dictionary > económico

  • 42 communis

    com-mūnis ( comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. [con and root mu-, to bind; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: immunis, munus, moenia], that is common to several or to all, common, general, universal, public (opp. proprius, that belongs to one:

    quod commune cum alio est, desinet esse proprium,

    Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and every species of composition); constr. with cum, dat., inter se, or absol.
    I.
    Prop.:

    vetus verbum hoc quidem est: Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18:

    vinea vulpibus et hominibus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5:

    sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque Troja,

    Cat. 68, 89:

    is fit ei cum Roscio communis,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.:

    alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis commune est,

    Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the formula aliquid cum aliquo commune habere:

    vetustas habet aliquid commune cum multis, amor non habet,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2:

    cum rerum naturā... quid habere potest commune... gallinaceum fel,

    id. Div. 2, 12, 29:

    controversia. quae communes minime cum aliis quaestiones habet,

    Quint. 5, 10, 110:

    illum... nihil vobiscum commune habentem,

    Sen. Const. 15, 2:

    sciat, se nihil mecum habere commune,

    id. Ben. 7, 12, 2:

    omnia cum amico communia habebit, qui multa cum homine,

    id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum natura) quidquam commune cum caelo, Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B:

    vitium commune omnium est,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555:

    communis imperii (i. e. Romani) fines,

    Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf.

    libertas,

    id. Sest. 1, 1:

    salus,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    utilitas,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 6:

    mors,

    natural, Eutr. 7, 8:

    verba,

    i. e. prose, Claud. Epig. 81, 3:

    jus gentium,

    Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae ignarus, ignorant of life, i. e. of the customs of society, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

    sensu caret,

    of a sense of propriety, Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.:

    sit in beneficio sensus communis,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf.

    also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

    communis locus, euphem.,

    the lower world, Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a brothel, Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.:

    loca,

    public places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1;

    but loci, in philos. lang.,

    a commonplace, common topic, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. locus.—
    B.
    Subst.: commūne, is, n., that which is common.
    1.
    In gen., plur.:

    ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:

    paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas,

    publicity, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In sing.:

    de communi aliquid consequi,

    Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3:

    jus communi dividundo,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—
    2.
    Esp. = to koinon, a community, state: commune Latium, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.:

    Commune Milyadum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95:

    Siciliae,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145;

    2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae,

    Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.:

    communis Graecia,

    id. ib. 13, 199; and: res communis = respublica, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—
    b.
    In commune.
    (α).
    For common use, for all, for a common object, end, advantage, etc.:

    metuere,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

    consulere,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5:

    conferre,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8:

    vocare honores,

    i. e. to bestow equally upon patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18:

    profutura,

    Quint. 6, 1, 7:

    laborare (apes),

    id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi:

    ponere libertatem,

    Tac. A. 13, 27.—
    (β).
    In general, generally (in post-Aug. prose):

    de jure omni disputandum,

    Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—
    (γ).
    Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    That represents the common sentiment, democratic:

    qui in bello... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum magis communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—
    B.
    Of manners, accessible, familiar, courteous, condescending, affable (kindr. in sense with comis; hence in MSS. very freq. interchanged with it;

    v. comis): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) par est,

    Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

    communis infimis, par principibus,

    Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. communitas.— Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).— Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—
    C.
    T. t.
    1.
    In rhet.:

    commune exordium, quod nihilo minus in hanc quam in contrariam partem causae potest convenire,

    equally appropriate to either side of a cause, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—
    2.
    In gram.: verbum, a common verb, i. e. one that has both an active and passive signification, Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: syllaba = anceps, i. e. either long or short, Don. p. 1389 P.; Charis. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.:

    genus,

    of both masculine and feminine gender, Charis. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.
    1.
    Class. form commū-nĭter, together, in common, jointly, generally (very freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. proprie, Quint. 9, 1, 23;

    opp. separatim,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—
    * Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—
    2.
    commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > communis

  • 43 comoinis

    com-mūnis ( comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. [con and root mu-, to bind; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: immunis, munus, moenia], that is common to several or to all, common, general, universal, public (opp. proprius, that belongs to one:

    quod commune cum alio est, desinet esse proprium,

    Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and every species of composition); constr. with cum, dat., inter se, or absol.
    I.
    Prop.:

    vetus verbum hoc quidem est: Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18:

    vinea vulpibus et hominibus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5:

    sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque Troja,

    Cat. 68, 89:

    is fit ei cum Roscio communis,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.:

    alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis commune est,

    Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the formula aliquid cum aliquo commune habere:

    vetustas habet aliquid commune cum multis, amor non habet,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2:

    cum rerum naturā... quid habere potest commune... gallinaceum fel,

    id. Div. 2, 12, 29:

    controversia. quae communes minime cum aliis quaestiones habet,

    Quint. 5, 10, 110:

    illum... nihil vobiscum commune habentem,

    Sen. Const. 15, 2:

    sciat, se nihil mecum habere commune,

    id. Ben. 7, 12, 2:

    omnia cum amico communia habebit, qui multa cum homine,

    id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum natura) quidquam commune cum caelo, Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B:

    vitium commune omnium est,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555:

    communis imperii (i. e. Romani) fines,

    Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf.

    libertas,

    id. Sest. 1, 1:

    salus,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    utilitas,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 6:

    mors,

    natural, Eutr. 7, 8:

    verba,

    i. e. prose, Claud. Epig. 81, 3:

    jus gentium,

    Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae ignarus, ignorant of life, i. e. of the customs of society, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

    sensu caret,

    of a sense of propriety, Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.:

    sit in beneficio sensus communis,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf.

    also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

    communis locus, euphem.,

    the lower world, Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a brothel, Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.:

    loca,

    public places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1;

    but loci, in philos. lang.,

    a commonplace, common topic, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. locus.—
    B.
    Subst.: commūne, is, n., that which is common.
    1.
    In gen., plur.:

    ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:

    paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas,

    publicity, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In sing.:

    de communi aliquid consequi,

    Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3:

    jus communi dividundo,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—
    2.
    Esp. = to koinon, a community, state: commune Latium, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.:

    Commune Milyadum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95:

    Siciliae,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145;

    2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae,

    Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.:

    communis Graecia,

    id. ib. 13, 199; and: res communis = respublica, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—
    b.
    In commune.
    (α).
    For common use, for all, for a common object, end, advantage, etc.:

    metuere,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

    consulere,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5:

    conferre,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8:

    vocare honores,

    i. e. to bestow equally upon patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18:

    profutura,

    Quint. 6, 1, 7:

    laborare (apes),

    id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi:

    ponere libertatem,

    Tac. A. 13, 27.—
    (β).
    In general, generally (in post-Aug. prose):

    de jure omni disputandum,

    Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—
    (γ).
    Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    That represents the common sentiment, democratic:

    qui in bello... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum magis communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—
    B.
    Of manners, accessible, familiar, courteous, condescending, affable (kindr. in sense with comis; hence in MSS. very freq. interchanged with it;

    v. comis): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) par est,

    Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

    communis infimis, par principibus,

    Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. communitas.— Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).— Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—
    C.
    T. t.
    1.
    In rhet.:

    commune exordium, quod nihilo minus in hanc quam in contrariam partem causae potest convenire,

    equally appropriate to either side of a cause, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—
    2.
    In gram.: verbum, a common verb, i. e. one that has both an active and passive signification, Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: syllaba = anceps, i. e. either long or short, Don. p. 1389 P.; Charis. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.:

    genus,

    of both masculine and feminine gender, Charis. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.
    1.
    Class. form commū-nĭter, together, in common, jointly, generally (very freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. proprie, Quint. 9, 1, 23;

    opp. separatim,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—
    * Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—
    2.
    commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > comoinis

  • 44 fondo1

    1 = background, backing, quid, crux, fundus.
    Ex. In the background has often been the need, at a time of declining financial resources, to demonstrate the relevance of the library to all sectors of society and there can sometimes be detected an element of patronization.
    Ex. A picture is a two-dimensional visual representation accessible to the naked eye and generally on an opaque backing.
    Ex. The important moral crux at the heart of the novel 'The debt collector' is that the odds are stacked against the rehabilitation of violent criminals.
    Ex. The crux of the process is the development of multiple models.
    Ex. This is an extremely valuable clinical test that provides information about the circulatory system of the ocular fundus (the back of the eye) not attainable by routine examination.
    ----
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * al fondo (de) = at the bottom (of).
    * artículo de fondo = feature article.
    * corredor de fondo = long-distance runner.
    * en el fondo = at heart, deep down, in the back of + Posesivo + mind, in the back of + Posesivo + head, at the back of + Posesivo + head, bottom line, the, in the bottom.
    * en el fondo de = at the root of.
    * esquiador de fondo = cross-country skier.
    * esquí de fondo = cross-country skiing.
    * fondo del mar = sea bottom, seafloor [sea floor], ocean floor, seabed [sea bed].
    * fondo del océano = ocean bed, ocean floor.
    * fondo marino = deep-sea floor.
    * forma de doble fondo = double-faced mould.
    * forma de un solo fondo = single-faced mould.
    * forma de un solo fondo para papel verjurado = single-faced laid mould.
    * limpiar a fondo = spring-clean, clear out.
    * limpieza a fondo = spring cleaning.
    * llegar al fondo de la cuestión = see to the + bottom of things.
    * llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the bottom of, get to + the root of.
    * mar de fondo = groundswell.
    * material de fondo = backing.
    * movimiento de fondo = groundswell.
    * negro sobre fondo blanco = black on white.
    * pez de fondo = groundfish, bottom fish.
    * pozo sin fondo = bottomless pit.
    * ruido de fondo = background noise.
    * servir de telón de fondo = set + the backdrop.
    * sin fondo = bottomless.
    * telón de fondo = background, backdrop.
    * teniendo como telón de fondo = against + background of.
    * teniendo esto como telón de fondo = against this background.
    * tocar fondo = bottom out, hit + rock-bottom, reach + rock-bottom, touch + rock bottom, strike + bottom.

    Spanish-English dictionary > fondo1

  • 45 fondo

    m.
    1 bottom.
    doble fondo false bottom
    sin fondo bottomless
    su popularidad ha tocado fondo their popularity has reached an all-time low o rock bottom
    2 back.
    al fondo de at the end of; (calle, pasillo) at the back of (sala)
    3 depth.
    tener un metro de fondo to be one meter deep
    4 background.
    sobre fondo negro on a black background
    al fondo in the background
    5 heart, bottom.
    llegar al fondo de to get to the heart o bottom of
    el problema de fondo the underlying problem
    la cuestión de fondo the fundamental issue
    a fondo perdido non-returnable
    recaudar fondos to raise funds
    fondo de garantía de depósito deposit guarantee fund
    fondo de inversión investment fund
    fondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fund
    fondo de pensiones pension fund
    fondos reservados = contingency funds available to ministries, for which they do not have to account publicly
    7 catalog, collection.
    fondo editorial backlist
    8 reason, basis (fundamento).
    9 substance.
    de fondo long-distance
    de medio fondo middle-distance
    11 petticoat (combinación). (Colombian Spanish, Mexican Spanish)
    12 core, root, bottom.
    13 bed, lowest part.
    * * *
    3 (segundo término) background
    5 (aguante) stamina
    6 FINANZAS fund
    8 (motivo) reason; (raíz) root
    1 (dinero) funds, money sing
    \
    a fondo (adjetival) thorough 2 (adverbial) thoroughly
    a fondo perdido nonrecoverable, nonreturnable
    de... en fondo... abreast
    en el fondo figurado deep down, at heart
    reunir fondos to raise funds
    tocar fondo (barco) to touch bottom 2 figurado to reach rock bottom
    fondo de inversión investment fund
    fondo de pensiones pension fund
    Fondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fund
    fondo del mar sea bed
    fondo y forma form and substance
    fondos bloqueados frozen assets
    fondos disponibles available funds, liquid assets
    fondos públicos public funds
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) back, rear
    4) fund
    * * *
    SM
    1) [parte inferior] [de caja, botella, lago, mar] bottom; [de río] bed

    • los bajos fondos — the underworld

    • una maletín con doble fondo — a case with a false bottom, a false-bottomed case

    • irse al fondo — to sink to the bottom

    • en el fondo del mar — [gen] at the bottom of the sea; (=en el lecho marino) on the sea bed

    • sin fondo — bottomless

    la economía tocó fondo y el gobierno tuvo que devaluar la moneda — the economy reached o hit rock bottom and the government had to devalue the currency

    hemos tocado fondo y todo indica que la recuperación está muy próxima — the market has bottomed out and all the indications are that a recovery is just around the corner

    2) [parte posterior] [de pasillo, calle, nave] end; [de habitación, armario] back

    • al fondo, su oficina está al fondo a la izquierda — her office is at the end on the left

    3) (=profundidad) [de cajón, edificio, bañera] depth

    ¿cuánto tiene de fondo el armario? — how deep is the wardrobe?

    • tener mucho fondo — to be deep

    • tener poco fondo — [bañera] to be shallow; [cajón, armario] not to be deep enough

    4) (=lo fundamental)

    en el fondo de esta polémica late el miedo al cambio — at the heart o bottom of this controversy lies a fear of change

    • la cuestión de fondo — the basic o fundamental issue

    el problema de fondo — the basic o fundamental o underlying problem

    • la forma y el fondo — form and content

    • llegar al fondo de la cuestión — to get to the bottom of the matter

    artículo 2)
    5) (=segundo plano) background

    • música de fondo — background music

    • ruido de fondo — background noise

    fondo de escritorio, fondo de pantalla — (Inform) (desktop) wallpaper

    6)

    • a fondo —

    a) [como adj]

    • una investigación a fondo — [policial] a thorough investigation; [de estudio] an in-depth study

    • una limpieza a fondo — a thorough clean

    b) [como adv]

    no conoce a fondo la situación del país — he does not have a thorough o an in-depth knowledge of the country's situation

    • emplearse a fondo, tuvo que emplearse a fondo para disuadirlos — he had to use all his skill to dissuade them

    • pisar a fondo el acelerador — to put one's foot down ( on the accelerator)

    7)

    • en el fondo —

    a) (=en nuestro interior) deep down

    en el fondo, es buena persona — deep down he's a good person, he's a good person at heart

    • en el fondo de su corazón — in his heart of hearts, deep down

    b) (=en realidad) really

    lo que se debatirá en la reunión, en el fondo, es el futuro de la empresa — what is actually o really going to be debated in the meeting is the future of the company

    la verdad es que en el fondo, no tengo ganas — to be honest, I really don't feel like it

    en el fondo no quiere irse — when it comes down to it, he doesn't want to leave

    c) (=en lo fundamental) fundamentally, essentially

    en el fondo ambos sistemas son muy parecidos — fundamentally o essentially, both systems are very similar

    8) (Dep)

    • carrera de fondo — long-distance race

    • esquí de fondo — cross-country skiing

    • corredor de medio fondo — middle-distance runner

    • pruebas de medio fondo — middle-distance events

    9) (=dinero) (Com, Econ) fund; [en póker, entre amigos] pot, kitty

    contamos con un fondo de 150.000 euros para becas — we have at our disposal a budget of 150,000 euros for grants

    • a fondo perdido — [crédito, inversión] non-recoverable, non-refundable

    Fondo de Compensación Interterritorial — system of financial redistribution between the autonomous regions of Spain

    fondo ético — (Econ) ethical investment fund

    10) pl fondos (=dinero) funds

    • recaudar fondos — to raise funds

    • estar sin fondos — to be out of funds, be broke *

    cheque o talón sin fondos — bounced cheque, rubber check (EEUU)

    11) (=reserva) [de biblioteca, archivo, museo] collection
    12) (=carácter) nature, disposition

    de fondo jovial — of cheery o cheerful disposition, cheerful-natured

    13) (Dep) (=resistencia) stamina
    14) Chile, Méx, Ven [de comida, espectáculo]
    15) Méx

    • con o de fondo — serious

    16) Méx, Ven (=combinación) petticoat

    • medio fondo — slip

    17) And (=finca) country estate
    18) Chile (Culin) large pot ( to feed a large number of people)
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( parte más baja) bottom
    b) (parte de atrás - de pasillo, calle) end; (- de habitación) back

    estaban al or en el fondo de la sala — they were at the back of the room

    d) ( de edificio) depth
    e) (en cuadro, fotografía) background
    2)
    a) (Lit) ( contenido) content
    b) (Der)
    3) (Fin)
    a) ( de dinero) fund
    b) fondos masculino plural ( dinero) money, funds (pl)

    un cheque sin fondos — a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)

    estoy mal de fondos — (fam) I'm short of cash (colloq)

    c)

    a fondo perdido — <inversión/préstamo> non-refundable, non-recoverable

    4) (Dep) ( en atletismo)

    de fondo — <corredor/carrera/prueba> long-distance

    5) (de biblioteca, museo) collection
    6) (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt

    a fondo — (loc adj) <estudio/investigación> in-depth; (loc adv) <prepararse/entrenar> thoroughly

    conoce el área/tema a fondo — she knows the area/subject really well

    de fondo — <ruido/música> background (before n); <error/discrepancia> fundamental

    en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person; en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really; fondo blanco! (AmL fam) bottoms up! (colloq); tener buen fondo to be a good person at heart; tocar fondo to bottom out; su credibilidad ha tocado fondo — his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( parte más baja) bottom
    b) (parte de atrás - de pasillo, calle) end; (- de habitación) back

    estaban al or en el fondo de la sala — they were at the back of the room

    d) ( de edificio) depth
    e) (en cuadro, fotografía) background
    2)
    a) (Lit) ( contenido) content
    b) (Der)
    3) (Fin)
    a) ( de dinero) fund
    b) fondos masculino plural ( dinero) money, funds (pl)

    un cheque sin fondos — a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)

    estoy mal de fondos — (fam) I'm short of cash (colloq)

    c)

    a fondo perdido — <inversión/préstamo> non-refundable, non-recoverable

    4) (Dep) ( en atletismo)

    de fondo — <corredor/carrera/prueba> long-distance

    5) (de biblioteca, museo) collection
    6) (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt

    a fondo — (loc adj) <estudio/investigación> in-depth; (loc adv) <prepararse/entrenar> thoroughly

    conoce el área/tema a fondo — she knows the area/subject really well

    de fondo — <ruido/música> background (before n); <error/discrepancia> fundamental

    en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person; en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really; fondo blanco! (AmL fam) bottoms up! (colloq); tener buen fondo to be a good person at heart; tocar fondo to bottom out; su credibilidad ha tocado fondo — his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom

    * * *
    fondo1
    1 = background, backing, quid, crux, fundus.

    Ex: In the background has often been the need, at a time of declining financial resources, to demonstrate the relevance of the library to all sectors of society and there can sometimes be detected an element of patronization.

    Ex: A picture is a two-dimensional visual representation accessible to the naked eye and generally on an opaque backing.
    Ex: The important moral crux at the heart of the novel 'The debt collector' is that the odds are stacked against the rehabilitation of violent criminals.
    Ex: The crux of the process is the development of multiple models.
    Ex: This is an extremely valuable clinical test that provides information about the circulatory system of the ocular fundus (the back of the eye) not attainable by routine examination.
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * al fondo (de) = at the bottom (of).
    * artículo de fondo = feature article.
    * corredor de fondo = long-distance runner.
    * en el fondo = at heart, deep down, in the back of + Posesivo + mind, in the back of + Posesivo + head, at the back of + Posesivo + head, bottom line, the, in the bottom.
    * en el fondo de = at the root of.
    * esquiador de fondo = cross-country skier.
    * esquí de fondo = cross-country skiing.
    * fondo del mar = sea bottom, seafloor [sea floor], ocean floor, seabed [sea bed].
    * fondo del océano = ocean bed, ocean floor.
    * fondo marino = deep-sea floor.
    * forma de doble fondo = double-faced mould.
    * forma de un solo fondo = single-faced mould.
    * forma de un solo fondo para papel verjurado = single-faced laid mould.
    * limpiar a fondo = spring-clean, clear out.
    * limpieza a fondo = spring cleaning.
    * llegar al fondo de la cuestión = see to the + bottom of things.
    * llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the bottom of, get to + the root of.
    * mar de fondo = groundswell.
    * material de fondo = backing.
    * movimiento de fondo = groundswell.
    * negro sobre fondo blanco = black on white.
    * pez de fondo = groundfish, bottom fish.
    * pozo sin fondo = bottomless pit.
    * ruido de fondo = background noise.
    * servir de telón de fondo = set + the backdrop.
    * sin fondo = bottomless.
    * telón de fondo = background, backdrop.
    * teniendo como telón de fondo = against + background of.
    * teniendo esto como telón de fondo = against this background.
    * tocar fondo = bottom out, hit + rock-bottom, reach + rock-bottom, touch + rock bottom, strike + bottom.

    fondo3
    3 = backlist, stock, collection, stocking.

    Ex: They not only provide detailed information about new books and those soon to be published, but also continue to list all of their books still in print (frequently called a ' backlist').

    Ex: Consider, for example, the work of the shoe shop manager and the way he arranges his stock of shoes.
    Ex: While there are a profusion of techniques in existence to gain access to the collections, there is no uniform system.
    Ex: Because of the lack of stocking space, there are many products that we can order for next day pick-up.
    * colección de fondos electrónicos = e-collection [electronic collection].
    * colección de fondos locales = local history collection, local collection.
    * con suficientes fondos = properly stocked.
    * consultar los fondos = search + holdings.
    * dotar de fondos a una biblioteca = stock + library.
    * exceso de fondos = overstock.
    * expurgo de fondos bibliográficos = collection weeding, stock weeding.
    * fondo antiguo = antiquarian materials.
    * fondo bibliográfico = bookstock [book stock].
    * fondo circulante = circulating collection.
    * fondo de acceso restringido = reserve collection.
    * fondo de consulta en sala = reserve reading collection, reserve collection, reserve shelves, special reserve, reserve book room.
    * fondo de lectura "formativo-recreativa" = browser collection.
    * fondo de préstamo por horas = short-loan collection.
    * fondo de recursos electrónicos de acceso restringido = electronic reserve.
    * fondo de registros bibliográficos = bibliographic pool, bibliographic record pool.
    * fondo de revistas = periodical holdings.
    * fondo documental = document collection.
    * fondo local = local material.
    * fondos bibliográficos = holdings, stock.
    * fondos de acceso libre = open stacks.
    * fondos de acceso restringido = closed access collection, closed stacks, closed access stacks.
    * fondos de la biblioteca = library's stock, library materials.
    * fondos de libre acceso = open access stacks.
    * fondos de material audiovisual = AV holdings.
    * fondos de publicaciones periódicas = serial holdings.
    * fondos de revistas = journal holdings.
    * fondos indioamericanos = American Indian materials.
    * fondos integrados = integrated stock.
    * fondos locales = local history material.
    * fondos patrimoniales = heritage collection.
    * ingresar en los fondos = accession.
    * mención de fondos = holdings statement.
    * provisto de buenos fondos = stockholding.
    * renovación de fondos = turnover, stock turnover, turnover of stock.
    * renovar fondos = turn over.
    * replanteamiento de los fondos = stock revision.
    * sección de fondos locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.
    * sección para el fondo de consulta en sala = reserve room.
    * selección de fondos = stock selection.

    * * *
    A
    el fondo del mar the bottom of the sea
    el fondo de la cacerola/bolsa the bottom of the saucepan/bag
    es muy profundo, no consigo tocar fondo it's very deep, I can't touch the bottom
    en el fondo de su corazón deep down (in his heart)
    tenemos que llegar al fondo de esta cuestión we must get to the bottom of this matter
    hay un fondo de verdad en esa historia there is an element of truth in that story
    hay en él un fondo de maldad there's a streak of maliciousness in him
    bajo1 (↑ bajo (1)), doble1 (↑ doble (1))
    2 (de un pasillo, una calle) end; (de una habitación) back
    al fondo, a la derecha at the end, on the right
    siga hasta el fondo del pasillo go to the end of the corridor
    yo vivo justo al fondo de la calle I live right at the end of the street
    encontró la carta al fondo del cajón he found the letter at the back of the drawer
    estaban sentados al or en el fondo de la sala they were sitting at the back of the room
    3
    (profundidad): esta piscina tiene poco fondo this pool is not very deep o is quite shallow
    necesito un cajón con más fondo I need a deeper drawer
    el edificio tiene poca fachada pero mucho fondo the building has a narrow frontage but it goes back a long way
    5 (en un cuadro, una fotografía) background
    estampado blanco sobre fondo gris white print on gray background
    Compuesto:
    ( Inf) wallpaper
    B
    1 ( Lit) (contenido) content
    el fondo y la forma de una novela the form and content of a novel
    2 ( Der):
    una cuestión de fondo a question of law
    C ( Fin)
    un fondo para las víctimas del siniestro a fund for the disaster victims
    tenemos un fondo común para estas cosas we have a joint fund o ( colloq) a kitty for these things
    2 fondos mpl (dinero) money, funds (pl)
    recaudar fondos to raise money
    reunió los fondos para la operación he raised the funds o money for the operation
    no dispone de fondos suficientes en la cuenta he does not have sufficient funds o money in his account
    un cheque sin fondos a dud o ( AmE) rubber check ( colloq)
    me dio un cheque sin fondos the check he gave me bounced, he gave me a dud check, the bank would not honor the check he gave me ( frml)
    el departamento no dispone de fondos para este fin the department does not have funds o money available for this purpose
    los fondos están bloqueados the funds have been frozen
    estoy mal de fondos ( fam); I'm short of cash ( colloq)
    3
    a fondo perdido ‹inversión/préstamo› non-refundable, non-recoverable
    lo que pagas de alquiler es dinero a fondo perdido the money you spend on rent is money wasted o ( colloq) money down the drain
    Compuestos:
    sinking fund
    venture capital fund
    venture capital fund
    goodwill
    ( Fin) fund of funds
    deposit guarantee fund
    strike fund
    investment fund
    Real Estate Investment Trust, REIT
    hedge fund
    research fund
    pension fund
    provident fund
    slush fund
    fighting fund
    tracker fund
    (UE) Cohesion Fund
    (UE) European Development Fund
    (UE) European Regional Development Fund
    (UE) European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund
    International Monetary Fund, IMF
    (UE) European Social Fund
    mpl (UE) structural funds (pl)
    mpl public funds (pl)
    mpl secret funds (pl)
    D ( Dep)
    1
    (en atletismo): de fondo ‹corredor/carrera/prueba› long-distance
    medio1 (↑ medio (1))
    2 (en gimnasia) push-up, press-up ( BrE)
    E (de una biblioteca, un museo) collection
    Compuesto:
    list (of titles)
    G ( Méx) ( Indum) petticoat, underskirt
    H ( en locs):
    a fondo ( loc adj) ‹estudio/análisis/investigación› in-depth ( before n);
    ( loc adv) ‹prepararse/entrenar› thoroughly
    esto necesita una limpieza a fondo this needs a thorough clean
    una reforma a fondo de las instituciones a sweeping reform of the institutions
    estudiar a fondo un problema to study a problem in depth
    los próximos días deben ser aprovechados a fondo you/we must make full use of the next few days, you/we must use the next few days to the full
    de fondo ‹ruido/música› background ( before n);
    ‹error/discrepancia› fundamental maquillaje
    en fondo ( Mil) abreast
    de cuatro en fondo four abreast
    en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person
    discutimos mucho, pero en el fondo nos llevamos bien we quarrel a lot but basically we get on all right o but we get on all right, really
    ¡fondo blanco! ( AmL fam); bottoms up! ( colloq)
    tener buen fondoor no tener mal fondo to be a good person at heart, to have one's heart in the right place
    tocar fondo: en el mes de abril el precio tocó fondo in April the price bottomed out
    ya hemos tocado fondo y las cosas empiezan a ir mejor we seem to be past the worst now and things are beginning to go better
    su credibilidad ha tocado fondo his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom
    me voy a tener que volver porque ya estoy tocando fondo I'm going to have to go back because I'm down to my last few dollars ( o pesos etc)
    I ( Chi) (olla grande) cauldron, large pot
    * * *

     

    fondo sustantivo masculino
    1


    llegaré al fondo de esta cuestión I'll get to the bottom of this matter
    b) ( parte de atrás — de pasillo, calle) end;

    (— de habitación) back;




    e) (en cuadro, fotografía) background

    2 (Lit) ( contenido) content
    3 (Fin)

    ◊ hacer un fondo común to start a joint fund o (colloq) a kitty

    b)

    ◊ fondos sustantivo masculino plural ( dinero) money, funds (pl);

    recaudar fondos to raise money;
    un cheque sin fondos a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)
    4 (Dep) ( en atletismo):
    ◊ de fondo ‹corredor/carrera/prueba› long-distance ( before n)

    5 (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt
    6 ( en locs)
    ◊ a fondo ( loc adj) ‹estudio/investigación› in-depth ( before n);


    ‹ limpieza› thorough;
    ( loc adv) ‹prepararse/entrenar› thoroughly;

    de fondo ‹ruido/música› background ( before n);
    en el fondo: en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really;
    en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person
    fondo sustantivo masculino
    1 (parte más profunda) bottom
    un doble fondo, a false bottom
    2 (interior de una persona) en el fondo es muy tierno, deep down he's very gentle
    3 (extremo opuesto) (de una habitación) back
    (de un pasillo) end
    4 (segundo plano) background
    música de fondo, background music
    mujer sobre fondo rojo, woman on a red background
    5 (núcleo, meollo) essence, core
    el fondo del asunto, the core of the matter
    6 Prensa artículo de fondo, leading article
    7 Dep corredor de fondo, long-distance runner
    esquí de fondo, cross-country skiing
    8 Fin fund: nos dio un cheque sin fondos, he gave us a bad cheque
    familiar fondo común, kitty 9 bajos fondos, underworld
    10 (conjunto de documentos, libros etc.) batch: los fondos documentales están en el sótano, the batches of documents are in the basement
    ♦ Locuciones: tocar fondo, Náut to touch bottom
    figurado to reach rock bottom
    a fondo, thoroughly
    a fondo perdido, non-recoverable funds
    ' fondo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    esquí
    - F.M.I.
    - FMI
    - FSE
    - lecho
    - revolverse
    - sentar
    - telón
    - artículo
    - barril
    - bien
    - carrera
    - corredor
    - crear
    - cuestión
    - doble
    - maquillaje
    - mar
    English:
    back
    - backdrop
    - background
    - bed
    - blunder
    - board
    - bottom
    - bottom out
    - bottomless
    - clean out
    - clear out
    - cross-country
    - dappled
    - depth
    - end
    - extensive
    - floor
    - fund
    - going-over
    - groundswell
    - heart
    - IMF
    - inch
    - International Monetary Fund
    - kitty
    - long-distance
    - mutual fund
    - pool
    - scrub down
    - seabed
    - sink
    - spring-clean
    - stuff away
    - thoroughly
    - thrash out
    - underneath
    - unit trust
    - abreast
    - clean
    - closely
    - deep
    - deeply
    - disaster
    - float
    - full
    - further
    - good
    - heavy
    - in-depth
    - international
    * * *
    fondo nm
    1. [parte inferior] bottom;
    el fondo del mar the bottom of the sea;
    fondos [de embarcación] bottom;
    dar fondo [embarcación] to drop anchor;
    echar a fondo [embarcación] to sink;
    irse a fondo [embarcación] to sink, to founder;
    sin fondo bottomless;
    RP Fam
    ¡fondo blanco! bottoms up!;
    tocar fondo [embarcación] to hit the bottom (of the sea/river);
    [crisis] to bottom out;
    su popularidad ha tocado fondo their popularity has reached an all-time low o rock bottom;
    mi paciencia ha tocado fondo my patience has reached its limit
    2. [de habitación, escenario] back;
    al fondo de [calle, pasillo] at the end of;
    [sala] at the back of;
    el fondo de la pista the back of the court;
    los baños están al fondo del pasillo, a la derecha the toilets are at the end of the corridor, on the right
    3. [dimensión] depth;
    un río de poco fondo a shallow river;
    tener un metro de fondo to be one metre deep
    4. [de cuadro, foto, tela] background;
    quiero una tela de flores sobre fondo negro I'd like some material with a pattern of flowers on a black background;
    al fondo in the background
    5. [de alcachofa] heart
    6. [de asunto, problema] heart, bottom;
    el problema de fondo the underlying problem;
    la cuestión de fondo the fundamental issue;
    llegar al fondo de to get to the heart o bottom of;
    el gobierno quiere llegar al fondo de la cuestión the government wants to get to the bottom of the matter;
    en el fondo [en lo más íntimo] deep down;
    [en lo esencial] basically;
    en el fondo está enamorada de él deep down, she loves him;
    en el fondo, no es mala persona deep down, she's not a bad person;
    en el fondo tus problemas son los mismos basically, you have the same problems
    7. [de una persona]
    tener buen fondo to have a good heart;
    tener mal fondo to be a Br nasty o US real piece of work
    8. [de obra literaria] substance
    9. [de dinero] fund;
    a fondo perdido [préstamo] non-returnable;
    no estamos dispuestos a invertir a fondo perdido we're not prepared to pour money down the drain;
    fondos [capital] funds;
    nos hemos quedado sin fondos our funds have run out;
    un cheque sin fondos a bad cheque;
    estar mal de fondos [persona] to be badly off;
    [empresa] to be short of funds;
    recaudar fondos to raise funds
    Econ fondo de amortización sinking fund;
    fondos bloqueados frozen funds;
    fondo de cohesión cohesion fund;
    Fin fondo de comercio goodwill;
    fondo de compensación interterritorial interterritorial compensation fund;
    fondo común kitty;
    poner un fondo (común) to set up a kitty;
    Fin fondo de crédito permanente evergreen fund;
    fondo de emergencia contingency fund;
    UE fondos estructurales structural funds; Fin fondo ético ethical fund; UE Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo European Development Fund; UE Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional European Regional Development Fund; Fin fondo de garantía de depósitos deposit guarantee fund; Fin fondo de inversión investment fund; Fin fondo de inversión ético ethical investment fund;
    fondo de inversión inmobiliaria real estate investment fund;
    fondo de inversión mobiliaria Br trust fund, US mutual fund;
    Fondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fund;
    Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza World Wildlife Fund;
    Econ fondo de pensiones pension fund;
    fondos públicos public funds;
    Fin fondo de renta fija non-equity fund, bond fund; Fin fondo de renta variable equity fund;
    fondos reservados = contingency funds available to ministries, for which they do not have to account publicly;
    Fin fondo rotativo revolving fund; UE Fondo Social Europeo European Social Fund;
    fondo vitalicio life annuity
    10. [fundamento] reason, basis;
    sus acciones tienen siempre un fondo humanitario everything she does is for humanitarian reasons
    11.
    hacer algo a fondo [en profundidad] to do sth thoroughly;
    hicimos una lectura a fondo we read it through carefully;
    hacer una limpieza a fondo to have a thorough clean;
    el juez ha ordenado una investigación a fondo the judge has ordered a full enquiry o an in-depth investigation;
    emplearse a fondo to do one's utmost
    12. [de biblioteca, archivo] catalogue, collection
    fondo editorial backlist
    13. Dep [resistencia física] stamina
    14. Dep [larga distancia] long-distance running;
    medio fondo middle-distance running;
    carrera de fondo long-distance race;
    esquí de fondo cross-country skiing;
    de medio fondo middle-distance
    fondo en carretera [ciclismo] road racing
    15. Dep [ejercicio] push-up, Br press-up
    16. Carib, Méx [prenda] petticoat
    17. Cuba [caldero] cauldron
    18. RP [patio] back patio
    * * *
    m
    1 bottom;
    doble fondo false bottom;
    fondo marino seabed;
    tocar fondo fig reach bottom;
    los bajos fondos the underworld sg
    2 ( profundidad) depth;
    hacer una limpieza a fondo de algo give sth a thorough clean, clean sth thoroughly;
    emplearse a fondo fig give one’s all;
    ir al fondo de algo look at sth in depth;
    en el fondo deep down
    3 de sala, cuarto etc back; de pasillo end
    4 PINT, FOT background;
    música de fondo background music
    5 de un museo etc collection
    6 COM fund;
    fondos pl money sg, funds;
    a fondo perdido non-refundable;
    7 DEP
    :
    de medio fondo middle distance atr
    :
    tiene buen fondo he’s got a good heart
    * * *
    fondo nm
    1) : bottom
    2) : rear, back, end
    3) : depth
    4) : background
    5) : sea bed
    6) : fund
    fondo de inversiones: investment fund
    7) Mex : slip, petticoat
    8) fondos nmpl
    : funds, resources
    cheque sin fondos: bounced check
    9)
    a fondo : thoroughly, in depth
    en fondo : abreast
    * * *
    1. (en general) bottom
    2. (de calle, pasillo) end
    4. (segundo término) background

    Spanish-English dictionary > fondo

  • 46 कृत _kṛta

    कृत p. p. [कृ-क्त]
    1 Done, performed, made, effected accomplished, manufactured &c.; (p. p. of कृ 8. U. q. v.) ते करान् संप्रयच्छन्तु सुवर्णं च कृताकृतम् Mb.3.255.17; दिव्याः प्रसन्ना विविधाः सुराः कृतसुरा अपि Rām.5.11.22; natural and manufactured wines.
    -2 Wounded, hurt; सिद्ध्येत ते कृतमनोभवधर्षितायाः Bhāg.3.23.11.
    -3 Acquired, bought (a kind of son); Mb.13.49.4.
    -4 Cultivated; अकृतं च कृतात्क्षेत्राद् गौरजाविकमेव च Ms.1.114.
    -5 Appointed (as a duty); सो$पि यत्नेन संरक्ष्यो धर्मो राजकृतश्च यः Y.2.186.
    -6 Relating to, referring to; पतनीयकृते क्षेपे Y.2.21.
    -तम् 1 Work, deed, action; कृतं न वेत्ति Pt.1.424; un- grateful; Ms.7.197.
    -2 Service, benefit.
    -3 Conse- quence, result.
    -4 Aim, object.
    -5 N. of that side of a die which is marked with four points; this is lucky; cf. Vāj.3.18.
    -6 N. of the first of the four Yugas of the world extending over 1728 years of men (see Ms.1.69 and Kull. thereon).
    -7 The number '4'.
    -8 A stake at a game.
    -9 Prize or booty gained in a battle.
    -1 An offering.
    -11 Magic sorcery.
    -Comp. -अकृत a. done and not done; i. e. done in part but not completed; कृताकृतस्यैव च काञ्चनस्य Bu. Ch.2.2; that which is done and that which is not done (Dvandva Comp.) मा त्वा ताप्तां कृताकृते Mbh. on P.II.2.29; कृताकृतप्रसङ्गि नित्यम्. (
    -तः) the Supreme Being.
    -अङ्क a.
    1 marked, branded; कठ्यां कृताङ्को निर्वास्यः Ms.8.281.
    -2 numbered. (ङ्कः) that side of a die which is marked with four points.
    -अञ्जलि a. folding the hands in supplication; प्रणम्य शिरसा देवं कृताञ्जलिरभाषत Bg.11.14,35; Ms.4.154.
    -अनुकर a. following another's example, subservient.
    -अनुसारः custom, usage.
    -अन्त a. bringing to an end, termi- nating.
    (-तः) 1 Yama, the god of death; कृतान्त आसीत्समरो देवानां सह दानवैः Bhāg.9.6.13; द्वितीयं कृतान्त- मिवाटन्तं व्याधमपश्यत् H.1.
    -2 fate, destiny; कृतान्त एव सौमित्रे द्रष्टव्यो मत्प्रवासने Rām.2.22.15; क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि न सहते संगमं नौ कृतान्तः Me.17.
    -3 a demonstrated con- clusion, dogma, a proved doctrine; दैवं पुरुषकारश्च कृतान्ते- नोपपद्यते Mb.12.153.5; यथा लौकिकेषु वैदिकेषु च कृतान्तेषु Mbh. on P.I.1.1,56; साङ्ख्ये कृतान्ते प्रोक्तानि Bg.18.13.
    -4 a sinful or inauspicious action.
    -5 an epithet of Saturn.
    -6 Saturday.
    -7 the inevitable result of former actions.
    -8 the second lunar mansion.
    -9 the number 'two'. ˚कुशल an astrologer; आधिराज्ये$भिषेको मे ब्राह्मणैः पतिना सह । कृतान्त- कुशलैरुक्तं तत्सर्वं वितथीकृतम् Rām.6.48.14. ˚जनकः the sun.
    -अन्नम् 1 cooked food. कृतान्नमुदकं स्त्रियः Ms.9.219;11.3.
    -2 digested food.
    -3 excrement.
    -अपराध a. guilty, offender, criminal.
    - अभय a. saved from fear or danger.
    -अभिषेक a. crowned, inaugurated. (
    -कः) a prince.
    -अभ्यास a. practised.
    -अयः the die called कृत marked with four points.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 having gained one's object, successful; एकः कृतार्थो भवते वीतशोकः Śwet. Up.2.14.
    -2 satisfied; happy, contented; वयं कृतार्था इत्यभिमन्यन्ति बालाः Muṇḍ.1.2.9; कृतः कृतार्थो$स्मि निबर्हितांहसा Śi.1.29; R.8.3; Ki.4.9; Ś.2.1; Pt.1.194.
    -3 clever.
    -4 that which has served its purpose (and hence in- capable of yielding any further sense or serving any other purpose); पुरुषे यागं श्रावयित्वा कृतार्थः शब्द एकस्य द्वयोर्बहूनां वा यागं न वारयति । ŚB. on MS.6.2.3. सकृत् कृत्वा कृतार्थः शब्दः न नियमः पौनःपुन्ये । ŚB. on MS.6.2.27; सा चाकाङ्क्षा एकेनापि कृतार्था भवतीत्युक्तम् । ŚB. on MS.11.1.13. (कृतार्थीकृ
    1 to render fruitful or successful; कृतार्थीकृत्य तं विप्रम् Ks.74.125.
    -2 to make good; कान्तं प्रत्युपचारतश्चतुरया कोपः कृतार्थीकृतः Amaru.15; so कृतार्थयति to make fruitful; Māl.3.6.)
    -अवधान a. careful, attentive.
    -अवधि a.
    1 fixed, appointed.
    -2 bounded, limited.
    -अवमर्ष a.
    1 effacing from recollection.
    -2 intolerant.
    -अवस्थ a.
    1 summoned, caused to be present; Ms.8.6.
    -2 fixed, settled.
    -अस्त्र a.
    1 armed.
    -2 trained in the science of arms or missiles; पित्रा संवर्धितो नित्यं कृतास्त्रः सांपरा- यिकः R.17.62.
    - अहक a. having performed the daily ceremonies.
    - आगम a. advanced, proficient, skilled. (-m.) the Supreme soul.
    -आगस् a. guilty, offending, criminal, sinful; अध्ने प्र शिरो जहि ब्रह्मजस्य कृतागसः Av.12.5.6; कृतागाः कौटिल्यो मुजग इव निर्याय नगरात् Mu.3.11.
    -आत्मन् a.
    1 having control over oneself, self-possessed, of a selfgoverned spirit; कृतात्मा ब्रह्मलोकमभिसंभवामि Ch. Up.8.13.1; कृतात्मानो वीतरागाः प्रशान्ताः Muṇḍ. Up.3.2.5; Rām.5.61.6; ऐहिष्ट तं कारयितुं कृतात्मा Bk.1.11.
    -2 purified in mind; magnanimous; तमरिघ्रं कृतात्मानं क्षिप्रं द्रक्ष्यसि राघवम् Rām.5.39.48.
    - आभरण a. adorned.
    -आयास a. labouring, suffering.
    - आलय a. one who has taken up his abode in any place; यत्र ते दयिता भार्या तनयाश्च कृतालयाः Rām. (
    -यः) a frog; dog ? M. W.
    -आवास a lodging.
    -आस्पद a.
    1 governed; ruled.
    -2 supporting, resting on.
    -3 residing in.
    -आहार a. having taken one's meals.
    -आह्वान a. challenged.
    -उत्साह a. diligent, making effort, striving.
    - उदक a. one who had performed his ablutions; Mb.3.
    -उद्वाह a.
    1 married.
    -2 practising penance by standing with up-lifted hands.
    -उपकार a.
    1 favoured, befriended, assisted; अज्ञातभर्तृव्यसना मुहूर्तं कृतोपकारेव रतिर्बभूव Ku.3.73.
    -2 friendly.
    -उपभोग a. used, enjoyed.
    -कर, -कारिन् a. Enjoining what is already known or done; कृतकरो हि विधिरनर्थकः स्यात् ŚB. on MS.1.5.58; कृतकरं शास्त्रमनर्थकं स्यात् ŚB. on MS.1.7.25; कृतकारि खलु शास्त्रं पर्जन्यवत् Mbh. on P.I.2.9.
    -कर्मन् a.
    1 one who has done his work; R.9.3.
    -2 skilful, clever. (-m.)
    1 the Supreme spirit.
    -2 a Saṁnyāsin.
    -काम a. one whose desires are fulfilled.
    -कार्य a.
    1 one who has done his work or obtained his object.
    -2 having no need of another's aid.
    -काल a.
    1 fixed or settled as to time.
    -2 who has waited a certain time. (
    -लः) appointed time; कृतशिल्पो$पि निवसेत्कृतकालं गुरोर्गृहे Y.2.184.
    -कृत्य, -क्रिय a.
    1 who has accomplished his object; Bg.15.2.
    -2 satisfied, contented; Śānti.3.19; Māl.4.3.
    -3 clever.
    -4 having done his duty; कृतकृत्यो विधिर्मन्ये न वर्धयति तस्य ताम् Śi.2.32.
    -क्रयः a purchaser.
    -क्रियः 1 one who has accomplished any act.
    -2 one who has fulfilled his duty.
    -3 one who has performed a religious cere- mony; Ms.5.99.
    -क्षण a.
    1 waiting impatiently for the exact moment; कृतक्षणाहं भद्रं ते गमनं प्रति राघव Rām.2.29.15; वयं सर्वे सोत्सुकाः कृतक्षणास्तिष्ठामः Pt.1.
    -2 one who has got an opportunity.
    -घ्न a.
    1 ungrateful; Ms.4.214;8.89.
    -2 defeating all previous measures.
    -चूडः a boy on whom the ceremony of tonsure has been performed; Ms.5.58,67; नृणामकृतचूडानां विशुद्धिर्नौशिकी स्मृता.
    -जन्मन् a. planted; Ku.5.6.
    -ज्ञ a.
    1 grateful; Ms.7.29,21; Y.1.38.
    -2 correct in conduct; कृतज्ञतामस्य वदन्ति सम्पदः Ki.
    (-ज्ञः) 1 a dog.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -तीर्थ a.
    1 one who has visited or frequented holy places.
    -2 one who studies with a professional teacher.
    -3 fertile in means or expedients.
    -4 a guide.
    -5 rendered accessible or easy; Ki.2.3.
    -दार a. married.
    -दासः a servant hired for a stated period, a hired servant.
    -दूषणम् spoiling what is done; उद्धतायाः पुनरुद्धनने न हि किञ्चित्कार्यमस्ति । केवलं कृतदूषणं भवेत् । ृŚB. on MS.12.2.16. (see कृतदूषा)
    -दूषा f. a blemish or vitiating factor for what is done; अकर्म वा कृतदूषा स्यात् MS.12.1.1. (कृतायाः दूषणम् ŚB).
    -धी a.
    1 prudent, considerate.
    -2 learned, educated, wise; पुत्रेभ्यः कृतवेदिनां कृतधियां येषां न भिन्ना वयम् Mu.5.2; Bg.2.54; Śi.2.79.
    -नामधेय a. named, called as; Ś6.
    -निर्णेजनः a penitent. -a. one who has performed penance; कृतनिर्णेजनांश्चैव न जुगुप्सेत कर्हिचित् Ms.11.189.
    -निश्चय a.
    1 resolute, resolved; युद्धाय कृतनिश्चयः Bg.2.37.
    -2 confident, sure.
    -पुङ्ख a. skilled in archery.
    -पूर्व a. done formerly.
    -प्रतिकृतम् assault and counter-assault, attack and resistance; R.12.94.
    -प्रतिज्ञ a.
    1 one who has made an agreement or engagement.
    -2 one who has fulfilled his promise.
    -प्रयोजन a. one who has attained his object; Ks.13.158.
    -फल n. successful. (
    -लम्) result, consequence.
    -बुद्धि a.
    1 learned, educated, wise; विद्वत्सु कृतबुद्धयः (श्रेष्ठाः) Ms.1.97, 7.3.
    -2 a man of resolute character.
    -3 informed of one's duty.
    -ब्रह्मन् a. Ved. one who has per- formed his devotions; कृतब्रह्मा शूशुवद् रातहव्य इत् Rv.2. 25.1.
    -मङ्गल a. blessed, consecrated.
    -मति a. firm, resolute.
    -मन्यु a. indignant.
    -मालः, -लकः 1 a kind of cassia.
    -2 the spotted antelope.
    -मुख a. learned, clever, wise.
    -युगम् the first (golden) of the four ages.
    -रूप one who knows the customary rites (कृतकल्प); Rām.2.1.2.
    -लक्षण a.
    1 stamped, marked.
    -2 branded; ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिभिस्त्वेतास्त्यक्तव्याः कृत- लक्षणाः Ms.9.239.
    -3 excellent, amiable.
    -4 defined, dis- criminated.
    -वर्मन् m. N. of a warrior on the side of the Kauravas who with Kṛipa and Aśvatthāman survived the general havoc of the great Bhārata war. He was afterwards slain by Sātyaki.
    -वापः a penitent who has shaven his head and chin; Ms.11.18.
    -विद् a. grateful; तस्यापवर्ग्यशरणं तव पादमूलं विस्मर्यते कृतविदा कथमार्तबन्धो Bhāg.4.9.8.
    -विद्य a. learned, educated; शूरो$सि कृत- विद्यो$सि Pt.4.43; सुवर्णपुष्पितां पृथ्वीं विचिन्वन्ति त्रयो जनाः । शूरश्च कृतविद्यश्च यश्च जानाति सेवितुम् ॥ Pt.1.45.
    -वीर्य a. being strong or powerful; Av.17.1.27. (
    -र्यः) N. of the father of Sahasrārjuna.
    -वेतन a. hired, paid (as a servant); प्रमादमृतनष्टांश्च प्रदाप्यः कृतवेतनः Y.2.164.
    -वेदिन् a.
    1 grateful; न तथा कृतवेदिनां करिष्यन्प्रियतामेति यथा कृता- वदानः Ki.13.32; see कृतज्ञ.
    -2 observant of propriety.
    -वेश a. attired, decorated; गतवति कृतवेशे केशवे कुञ्जशय्याम् Gīt.11.
    -व्यावृत्ति a. dislodged or dismissed from office, set aside; Ku.2.27.
    -शिल्प a. skilled in art or trade; कृतशिल्पो$पि निवसेत्कृतकालं गुरोर्गृहे Y.2.184.
    -शोभ a.
    1 splendid.
    -2 beautiful.
    -3 handy, dexterous.
    -शौच a. purified; पुण़्डरीकमवाप्नोति कृतशौचो भवेच्च सः Mb.3.83.21.
    -श्मश्रुः one who is shaven; न हि कृतश्मश्रुः पुनः श्मश्रूणि कार- यति Mbh. on P.I.2.9.
    -श्रमः, -परिश्रमः one who has studied; कृतपरिश्रमो$स्मि ज्योतिःशास्त्रे Mu.1; I have devoted my time to (spent my labours on) the science of astro- nomy.
    -संकल्प a. resolved, determined.
    -संकेत a. making an appointment; नामसमेतं कृतसंकेतं वादयते मृदु वेणुम् Gīt.5.
    -संज्ञ a.
    1 having presence of mind... स्थापयेद् दासान् कृत- संज्ञान् समन्ततः Ms.
    -2 restored to consciousness or senses.
    -3 aroused.
    -4 one to whom sign has been given; Rāj. T.4.221.
    -संनाह a. clad in armour, accoutred.
    -संस्कार a.
    1 one who has performed all purificatory rites, ini- tiated; वैश्यस्तु कृतसंस्कारः Ms.9.326; R.1.78.
    -2 Pre- pared, adorned.
    -सापत्निका, -सापत्नी, सापत्नीका, -सापत्नका, सपत्निका a woman whose husband has mar- ried another wife, a married woman having a co-wife or a superseded wife.
    -हस्त, -हस्तक a.
    1 dexterous, clever, skilful, handy.
    -2 skilled in archery.
    -हस्तता 1 skill, dexterity;... संनिपाते । सुमहति कृतहस्ताः सैनिकास्तं ररक्षुः ॥ Śiva. B.13.3.47.
    -2 skill in archery or generally in handling arms; कौरव्ये कृतहस्तता पुनरियं देवे यथा सीरिणि Ve.6.13; Mv.6.41.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > कृत _kṛta

  • 47 गो _gō

    गो m. f. (Nom. गौः) [गच्छत्यनेन, गम् करणे डो Tv.]
    1 Cattle, kine (pl.)
    -2 Anything coming from a cow; such as milk, flesh, leather &c.
    -3 The stars; वि रश्मिभिः ससृजे सूर्यो गाः Rv.7.36.1.
    -4 The sky.
    -5 The thunder- bolt of Indra; Ki.8.1.
    -6 A ray of light; नान्यस्तप्ता विद्यते गोषु देव Mb.1.232.11; बालो$यं गिरिशिखरेषु चारयन् गाः त्रैलोक्यं तिमिरभरेण दुष्टमेतत् (रविः नैर्मल्यं नयति) । Rām. Ch. 7.6.
    -7 A diamond.
    -8 Heaven.
    -9 An arrow. -f.
    1 A cow; जुगोप गोरूपधरामिवोर्वीम् R.2.3; क्षीरिण्यः सन्तु गावः Mk.1.6.
    -2 The earth; दुदोह गां स यज्ञाय R.1.26; गामात्तसारां रघुरप्यवेक्ष्य 5.26;11.36; Bg.15.13; सेको$- नुगृह्णातु गाम् Mu.3.2; Me.3; cf. also the quotation for (
    -6).
    -3 Speech, words; कुलानि समुपेतानि गोभिः पुरुषतो$- र्थतः Mb.5.28; रघोरुदारामपि गां निशम्य R.5.12;2.59; Ki.4.2.
    -4 The goddess of speech, Sarasvatī.
    -5 A mother.
    -6 A quarter of the compass.
    -7 Water; सायं भेजे दिशं पश्चाद्गविष्ठो गां गतस्तदा Bhāg.1.1.36; also pl.; Bhāg.11.7.5.
    -8 The eye; गोकर्णा सुमुखी कृतेन इषुणा गोपुत्रसंप्रेषिता Mb.8.9.42.
    -9 A region of the sky. -m. A bull, an ox; असंजातकिणस्कन्धः सुखं स्वपिति गौर्गडिः K. P.1; Ms.4.72; cf. चरद्गव.
    -2 The hair of the body.
    -3 An organ of sense; अदान्तगोभिर्विशतां तमिस्रं पुनः पुनश्चर्वितचर्वणानाम् Bhāg..7.5.3.
    -4 The sign Taurus of the zodiac; Bṛi. S.49.
    -5 The sun.
    -6 The number 'nine' (in math.).
    -7 The moon.
    -8 A singer.
    -9 A billion.
    -1 A cow-sacrifice
    -11 A house; cf. गौर्वज्रं गौः प्रभा भूमिर्वाणी तोयं त्रिविष्टपम् । धेनुर्बस्तो वृषो दिग्गौर्नेत्रं लज्जा गुरू रमा ॥ इन्द्रियं श्रीरुमा... Enm.
    -Comp. -कण्टकः, -कम् 1 a road or spot trodden down by oxen and thus made im- passable.
    -2 the cow's hoof.
    -3 the print of a cow's hoof.
    -कर्ण a. having cow's ears.
    (-र्णः) 1 a cow's ear; गोकर्णसदृशौ कृत्वा करावाबद्धसारणौ Ks.6.57.
    -2 a mule.
    -3 a snake; Mb.8.9.42.
    -4 a span (from the tip of the thumb to that of the ring-finger); गोकर्णशिथिल- श्चरन् Mb.2.68.75; तालः स्मृतो मध्यमया गोकर्णश्चाप्यनामया Brahmāṇḍa P.
    -5 N. of a place of pilgrimage in the south, sacred to Śiva. श्रितगोकर्णनिकेतमीश्वरम् R.8.33.
    -6 a kind of deer.
    -7 a kind of arrow; Mb.8.9.42.
    -किराटा -किराटिका the Sārikā bird.
    -किलः, -कीलः 1 a plough
    -2 a pestle.
    -कुलम् 1 a herd of kine; वृष्टिव्याकुलगोकुलावनरसादुद्धृत्य गोवर्धनम् Gīt.4; गोकुलस्य तृषा- र्तस्य Mb.
    -2 a cow-house.
    -3 N. of a village (where Kṛiṣṇa was brought up).
    -कुलिक a.
    1 one who does not help a cow in the mud.
    -2 squint-eyed.
    -कुलोद्भवा an epithet of Durgā.
    -कृतम् cow-dung.
    -क्षीरम् cow's milk.
    -क्षुरम्, -रकम् a cow's hoof.
    -खरः a beast (पशु); यत्तीर्थबुद्धिः सलिले न कर्हिचिज्जनेष्वभिज्ञेषु स एव गोखरः Bhāg.1.84.13.
    -खा a nail.
    -गृष्टिः a young cow which has had only one calf.
    -गोयुगम् a pair of oxen.
    -गोष्ठम् a cow-pen, cattle-shed.
    -ग्रन्थिः 1 dried cowdung.
    -2 a cow-house.
    -ग्रहः capture of cattle (गवालम्भ); Mb.12.265.2.
    -ग्रासः the ceremony of offering a morsel (of grass) to a cow when performing an expiatory rite.
    -घातः, -घातकः, -घातिन् m. a cow-killer.
    -घृतम् 1 rain-water.
    -2 clarified butter coming from a cow.
    -घ्न a.
    1 destructive to cows.
    -2 one who has killed a cow.
    -3 one for whom a cow is killed, a guest.
    -चन्दनम् a kind of sandal-wood.
    -चर a.
    1 grazed over by cattle.
    -2 frequenting, dwelling, resorting to, haunting पितृसद्मगोचरः Ku.5.77.
    -3 within the scope, power, or range of; अवाङ्मनसगोचरम् R.1.15; so बुद्धि˚, दृष्टि˚, श्रवण˚ स्वगोचरे दीप्ततरा बभूव Bu. Ch.1.13.
    -4 moving on earth.
    -5 accessible to, attainable; त्याग- सूक्ष्मानुगः क्षेम्यः शौचगो ध्यागोचरः Mb.12.236.12.
    -6 circulating, having a particular meaning, prevalent.
    (-रः) 1 the range of cattle, pasturage; उपारताः पश्चिम- रात्रिगोचरात् Ki.4.1.
    -2 (a) a district, department, province, sphere. (b) an abode, dwelling-place, a place of resort; Śi.1.21; Ms.1.39.
    -3 range of the organs of sense, an object of sense; श्रवणगोचरे तिष्ठ be within ear-shot; नयनगोचरं या to become visible.
    -4 scope, range, in general; हर्तुर्याति न गोचरम् Bh.2.16.
    -5 (fig.) grip, hold, power, influence, control; कः कालस्य न गोचरा- न्तरगतः Pt.1.146; गोचरीभूतमक्ष्णोः U.6.26; Māl.5.24; अपि नाम मनागवतीर्णो$सि रतिरमणबाणगोचरम् Māl.1.
    -6 horizon.
    -7 field for action, scope; इन्द्रियाणि हयानाहुर्विषयांस्तेषु गोचरान् Kaṭh.3.4.
    -8 the range of the planets from the Lagna or from each other.
    ˚पीडा in- auspicious position of stars within the ecliptic; गोचर- पीडायामपि राशिर्बलिभिः शुभग्रहैर्दृष्टः (पीडां न करोति) Bṛi.S.41.13. (गोचरीकृ to place within the range (of sight), make current).
    -चर्मन् n.
    1 a cow's hide.
    -2 a particular measure of surface thus defined by Vasiṣṭha:-- दशहस्तेन वंशेन दशवंशान् समन्ततः । पञ्च चाभ्यधिकान् दद्यादेतद्गोचर्म चोच्यते ॥ ˚वसनः an epithet of Śiva.
    -चर्या seeking food like a cow; गोचर्यां नैगमश्चरेत् Bhāg.11.18.29.
    -चारकः cowherd.
    -चरणम् the tending or feeding of cows; Bhāg.1.38.8.
    -ज a.
    1 born in the earth (rice &c.).
    -2 produced by milk; अब्जा गोजा...... Kaṭh.5.2.
    -जरः an old ox or bull; नाद्रियन्ते यथापूर्वं कीनाशा इव गोजरम् Bhāg.3.3.13.
    -जलम् the urine of a bull or cow.
    -जागरिकम् auspi- ciousness, happiness. (
    -कः) a preparer of food, baker.
    -जात a. born in the heaven (gods); गोजाता अप्या मृळता च देवाः Rv.6.5.11.
    -जिह्वा N. of a plant (Mar. पाथरी).
    -जिह्विका the uvula.
    -जीव a. living on cattle (milk- man); Hch.1.7.
    -तल्लजः an excellent bull or cow.
    -तीर्थम् a cowhouse.
    -त्रम् [गां भूमिं त्रायते त्रै-क]
    1 a cow-pen.
    -2 a stable in general.
    -3 a family, race, lineage; गोत्रेण माठरो$स्मि Sk.; so कौशिकगोत्राः, वसिष्ठगोत्राः &c.; Ms.3.19,9.141.
    -4 a name, appellation; जगाद गोत्र- स्खलिते च का न तम् N.1.3; Ś.6.5; see ˚स्खलित below; मद्गोत्राङ्कं विरचितपदं गेयमुद्गातुकामा Me.88.
    -5 a multitude.
    -6 increase.
    -7 a forest.
    -8 a field.
    -9 a road.
    -1 possessions, wealth.
    -11 an umbrella, a parasol.
    -12 knowledge of futurity.
    -13 a genus, class, species.
    -14 a caste, tribe, caste according to families. (
    -त्रः) a mountain; 'गोत्रं नाम्नि कुले$प्यद्रौ' इति यादवः; Śi.9.8. Hence गोत्रोद्दलनः means Indra; cf. इन्द्रे तु गोत्रोद्दलनः कुलघ्ने गिरिदारणे Nm.
    (-त्रा) 1 a multitude of cows.
    -2 the earth.
    ˚उच्चारः recitation of family pedigree.
    ˚कर्तृ, -कारिन् m. the founder of a family.
    ˚कीला the earth.
    ˚ज a. born in the same family, gentile, a relation; Bhāg.3.7.24; Y.2.135.
    ˚पटः a genealogical table, pedigree.
    ˚प्रवरः the oldest member or founder of a family.
    -भिद् m. an epithet of Indra; हृदि क्षतो गोत्रभिदप्यमर्षणः R.3.53;6.73; Ku.2.52.
    ˚स्खलनम्, ˚स्खलितम् blundering or mistaking in calling (one) by his name, calling by a wrong name; स्मरसि स्मर मेखलागुणैरुत गौत्रस्खलितेषु बन्धनम् Ku.4.8.
    -द a. giving cows; Ms.4.231. (
    -दः) brain. (
    -दा) N. of the river Godāvarī.
    -दत्र a. Ved. giving cows. (
    -त्रः) an epithet of Indra. (
    -त्रम्) a crown (pro- tecting the head).
    -दन्त a. armed with a coat of mail.
    (-तम्) 1 yellow orpiment.
    -2 a white fossil substance.
    -दानम् 1 the gift of a cow.
    -2 the ceremony of tonsure or cutting the hair; रामलक्ष्मणयो राजन् गोदानं कारयस्व ह Rām.1.71.23; अथास्य गोदानविधेरनन्तरम् R.3. 33; (see Mallinātha's explanation of the word); कृत- गोदानमङ्गलाः U.1; अतोनं गोदानं दारकर्म च Kau. A.1.5; (Rām. explains the word differently).
    -3 the part of the head close to the right ear.
    -दाय a. intending to give cows.
    -दारणम् 1 a plough.
    -2 a spade, hoe.
    -दा, -दावरी N. of a river in the south.
    -दुह् m.,
    -दुहः 'cow-milker', a cowherd; सुदुघामिव गोदुहे R.1.4.1; चिरं निदध्यौ दुहतः स गोदुहः Śi.
    -दोहः 1 the milking of cows.
    -2 the milk of cows.
    -3 the time of milking cows.
    -दोहनम् 1 the time of milking cows.
    -2 the milking of cows; न लक्ष्यते ह्यवस्थानमपि गोदोहनं क्वचित् Bhāg.1.19. 4.
    -दोहनी a milk-pail.
    -द्रवः the urine of a bull or cow.
    -धनम् 1 a herd or multitude of cows, cattle.
    -2 possession of cows. (
    -नः) a broad-pointed arrow.
    -धरः a mountain.
    -धर्मः the law of cattle, rules relating to cattle; (open and unconcealed intercourse of the sexes); गोधर्मं सौरभेयाच्च सो$धीत्य निखिलं मुनिः । प्रावर्तत तदा कर्तुं श्रद्धावांस्तमशङ्कया ॥ Mb.1.14.26.
    -धुमः, -धूमः 1 wheat; Bṛi. Up.6.3.13.
    -2 the orange. ˚चूर्णम् wheat flour;
    -सम्भवम् a sour paste.
    -धूलिः 'dust of the cows', the time of sunset or evening twilight (so called be- cause cows, which generally return home at about sunset, raise up clouds of dust by their treading on the earth).
    -धेनुः a milch-cow with a calf.
    -भ्रः a mountain.
    -नन्दा an epithet of the wife of Śiva.
    -नन्दी the female of the Sārasa bird.
    -नर्दः 1 the (Indian) crane.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva (bellowing like a bull).
    -3 N. of a country.
    -नर्दीयः an epithet of Patañjali, author of the Mahābhāṣya.
    -नसः, -नासः 1 a kind of snake.
    -2 a kind of gem.
    -नसा the mouth of a cow.
    -नाथः 1 a bull.
    -2 an owner of land.
    -3 a herdsman.
    -4 an owner of kine.
    -नायः a cowherd; तद्यथा गोनायो$श्वनायः पुरुषनाय इत्येवं तदप आचक्षते$शनायेति Ch. Up.6.8.3.
    -नाशनः a wolf.
    -नासा the projecting snout of a cow or ox.
    -नासम् a kind of gem.
    -निष्यन्दः cow's urine.
    -पः 1 a cowherd (considered as belonging to a mixed tribe); गोपवेशस्य विष्णोः Me.15.
    -2 the chief of a cowpen.
    -3 the superintendent of a village.
    -4 a king.
    -5 a protector, guardian; Rv.1.61.1.
    ˚अनसी the wood of a thatch; गोपानसीषु क्षणमास्थितानाम् Śi.3.49.
    ˚अष्टमी the eighth day of the bright fortnight of Kārttika when Kṛiṣṇa is said to have worn the dress of a cowherd.
    ˚आटविका a cowherd.
    ˚कन्या 1 the daughter of a cowherd.
    -2 a nymph of Vṛindāvana.
    ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚इन्द्रः, ˚ईशः the chief of herdsmen, an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.
    ˚चापः the rainbow.
    ˚दलः the betel-nut tree.
    ˚भद्रम् the fibrous root of a water-lily.
    ˚रसः gum myrrh.
    ˚राष्ट्राः (pl.) N. of a people. ˚वधूः f. a cowherd's wife; Bhāg.1.9.4. ˚वधूटी a young cowherdess, a young wife of a cowherd; गोपवधूटीदुकूलचौराय Bhāṣā P.1.
    (-पकः) 1 the superin- tendent of a district.
    -2 myrrh.
    (-पिका) 1 a cowher- dess; Bhāg.1.9.14-15.
    -2 protectress. (
    -पी) a cowherd's wife (especially applied to the cowherdesses of Vṛindāvana, the companions of Kṛiṣṇa in his juvenile sports).
    -2 a milk-maid.
    -3 a protectress.
    -4 Nature, elementary nature.
    -पतिः 1 an owner of cows.
    -2 a bull.
    -3 a leader, chief.
    -4 the sun; नीहारमिव गोपतिः Bhāg.1.12.1; Mb.1.173.32.
    -5 Indra; सुराङ्गना गोपतिचापगोपुरं पुरम् (जहुः) Ki.8.1.
    -6 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -7 N. of Śiva.
    -8 N. of Varuṇa; एष पुत्रो महाप्रज्ञो वरुणस्येह गोपतेः Mb.5.98.11.
    -9 a king; नासतो विद्यते राजन् स ह्यरण्येषु गोपतिः Mb.12.135.26.
    -पथः N. of a Brāhmaṇa of Av.
    -पर्वतम् the name of the place where Pāṇini is said to have performed penance and propitiated Śiva; गोपर्वतमिति स्थानं शम्भोः प्रख्यापितं मया । यत्र पाणिनिना लेभे वैयाकरणिकाग्ऱ्यता ॥ अरुणाचलमाहात्म्यम्- उत्तरार्धः 2 अ. 68 श्लो.
    -पशुः a sacrificial cow.
    -पाः m. Ved.
    1 a herdsman.
    -2 protector, or guardian; मन्द्राग्रे- त्वरी भुवनस्य गोपा Av.2.1.57.
    -पानसी a curved beam which supports a thatch; गोपानसी तु वलभिच्छादने वक्रदारुणि Ak.2.2.15.
    -पालः 1 a cowherd; Ms.4.253.
    -2 a king.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva.
    -4 an epithet of Kṛ&iṣṇa. ˚धानी a cow-pen, cow-shed.
    -पालकः 1 a cowherd.
    -2 a king.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva; also of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -पालिः an epithet of Śiva.
    -पालिका, -पाली the wife of a cowherd; पार्थः प्रस्थापयामास कृत्वा गोपालिकावपुः Mb.1.221.19.
    -पालितः N. of a lexicographer.
    -पित्तम् bile of cows, ox-bile (from which the yellow pigment गोरोचना is prepared; गोपित्ततो रोचना Pt.1.94.).
    -पीतः a species of wagtail.
    -पीथः protection; अस्माकमृषीणां गोपीथे न उरुष्यतम् Rv.5.65.6. (
    -थम्) a holy place, a place of pilgrimage.
    -पुच्छम् a cow's tail.
    -2 a particular point of an arrow.
    (-च्छः) 1 a sort of monkey; Bhāg.8.2.22.
    -2 a sort of necklace consisting of two or four or thirty-four strings.
    -3 a kind of drum.
    -पुटिकम् the head of Śiva's bull.
    -पुत्रः 1 a young bull.
    -2 an epithet of Karṇa.
    -पुरम् 1 a town-gate; उत्तुङ्गसौधसुरमन्दिरगोपुरम् Māl.9.1.
    -2 a principal gate; दधतमुच्चशिलान्तरगोपुराः Ki.5.5.
    -3 the ornamental gate- way of a temple.
    -पुरीषम् cowdung.
    -प्रकाण्डम् an ex- cellent cow or bull.
    -प्रचारः pasture-ground, pasturage for cattle; ग्राम्येच्छया गोप्रचारो भूमी राजवशेन वा Y.2.166.
    -प्रत (ता) रः 1 a ford for cattle.
    -2 a place of pilgrimage on the Śarayū; यद्गोप्रतरकल्पो$भूत्संमर्दस्तत्र मज्जताम् । अतस्तदाख्यया तीर्थं पावनं भुवि पप्रथे ॥ R.15.11.
    -प्रदानम् same as गोदान.
    -प्रवेशः the time when cows return home, sunset or evening-twilight; गोप्रवेशसमये Bṛi. S.24.35.
    -फणा 1 a bandage hollowed out so as to fit the chin or nose &c.
    -2 a sling.
    -बालः the hair of cows.
    -भुज् m. a king; गोभुजां वल्लभा लक्ष्मीः Rāj. T.5.6.
    -भृत् m.
    1 a mountain.
    -2 a king.
    -मक्षिका a gadfly.
    -मघ a. granting cattle or cows कदा गोमघा हवनानि गच्छाः Rv.6.35.3.
    -मंडलम् 1 the globe.
    -2 a multitude of cows.
    -मण़्डीरः a kind of an aquatic bird; L. D. B.
    -मतम् = गव्यूति q. v.
    -मतल्लिका a tract- able cow, an excellent cow; अरिर्मधोरैक्षत गोमतल्लिकाम् Śi.12.41.
    -मथः a cowherd.
    -मध्यमध्य a. slender in the waist.
    -महिषदा N. of one of the Mātṛis attending on कार्तिकेय.
    -मांसम् beef.
    -मायु 1 a kind of frog.
    -2 a jackal; अनुहंकुरुते घनध्वनिं न हि गोमायुरुतानि केसरी Śi.16. 25.
    -3 bile of a cow.
    -4 N. of a Gandharva.
    -मीनः a kind of fish.
    -मुखः, -मुखम् [गोर्मुखमिव मुखमस्य] a kind of musical instrument; Bg.1.13; गोमुखानां च शृङ्गाणाम- नीकद्वयवर्तिनाम् Śiva. B.24.55.
    (-खः) 1 a crocodile, shark.
    -2 a hole of a particular shape in a wall made by thieves.
    (-खम्) 1 a house built unevenly.
    -2 spreading unguents, smearing; 'गोमुखं कुटिलाकारे वाद्यभाण्डे विलेपने' इति विश्वः; यस्यामलिन्देषु न चक्रुरेव मुग्धाङ्गना गोमयगो- मुखानि Śi.3.48. (
    -खम्, -खी) a cloth-bag of the shape of a gnomon containing a rosary, the beads of which are counted by the hand thrust inside.
    -2 a house built unevenly.
    -3 a particular method of sitting (a योगासन) (
    -खी) the chasm in the Himālaya mountains through which the Ganges flows.
    -मूढ a. stupid as a bull.
    -मूत्रम् cow's urine.
    -मूत्रकः a variety of lapis lazuli (बैदूर्य); Kau. A.2.11.
    -कम् a particular attitude (मण्डल) in गदायुद्ध; दक्षिणं मण्डलं सव्यं गोमूत्रकमथापि च । व्यचर- त्पाण्डवो राजन्नरिं संमोहयन्निव ॥ Mb.9.58.23. -a. zigzagging, going unevenly.
    -मूत्रिका 1 an artificial verse, the second of which repeats nearly all the syllables of the first. (Malli. thus defines it:-- वर्णानामेकरूपत्वं यद्येकान्तरमर्धयोः गोमूत्रिकेति तत्प्राहुर्दुष्करं तद्विदो विदुः ॥ see Śi.19.46.)
    -2 a form of calculation.
    -मृगः a kind of ox (गवय).
    -मेदः a gem brought from the Himālaya and Indus, des- cribed as of four different colours:-- white, pale-yellow, red, and dark-blue.
    -मेदकः 1 see गोमेद.
    -2 a kind of poison (काकोल).
    -3 smearing the body with unguents.
    -मेधः, -यज्ञः a cow-sacrifice; Rām.7.25.8.
    -यानम्, -रथः a carriage drawn by oxen; Rām.2.82.26; Ms. 11.174.
    -युक्त a. drawn by oxen.
    -युतम् 1 a cattle station.
    -2 a measure of two Krośas (गव्यूत); गोयुते गोयुते चैव न्यवसत्पुरुषर्षभः Mb.14.65.22.
    -रक्षः 1 a cow- herd.
    -2 keeping or tending cattle.
    -3 the orange.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva. ˚जम्बू f. wheat.
    -रक्षणम् tending cattle (with religious faith).
    -रङ्कुः 1 a water-fowl
    -2 a prisoner.
    -3 a naked man, a mendicant wandering about without clothes.
    -4 a chanter.
    -रवम् saffron.
    -रसः cow's milk.
    -2 curds.
    -3 buttermilk.
    -4 the flavour of a sentence; को रसो गोरसं विना Udb. ˚जम् buttermilk.
    -राजः an excellent bull.
    -राटिका, -राटी the Sārikā bird.
    -रुतम् a measure of dis- tance equal to two Krośas.
    -रूपम् the form of a cow. (
    -पः) N. of Śiva.
    -रोचम् yellow orpiment.
    -रोचना a bright yellow pigment prepared from the urine or bile of a cow, or found in the head of a cow.
    -लवणम् a measure of salt given to a cow.
    -लाङ्गु- (गू) लः a kind of monkey with a dark body, red cheeks and a tail like that of a cow; गोलाङ्गूलः कपोलं छुरयति रजसा कौसुमेन प्रियायाः Māl.9.3.
    -लोकः a part of heaven, cow-world.
    -लोभिका, -लोभी 1 a prostitute.
    -2 white Dūrvā grass.
    -3 Zedoary.
    -4 N. of a shrub.
    -वत्सः a calf. ˚आदिन m. a wolf.
    -वधः the killing of a cow; Ms.11.59.
    -वर्धनः a celebrated hill in वृन्दावन the country about Mathurā. ('This hill was lifted up and supported by Kṛiṣṇa upon one finger for seven days to shelter the cowherds from a storm of rain sent by Indra to test Kṛiṣṇa's divinity.') ˚धरः, ˚धरिन् m. an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -वरम् pounded cowdung.
    -वशा a barren cow.
    -वाटम्, -वासः a cow-pen.
    -वासन a. covered with an ox-hide.
    -विकर्तः, -विकर्तृ m.
    1 the killer of a cow; Mb.4.2.9.
    -2 a hus- bandman.
    -विततः a horse-sacrifice having many cows.
    -विन्दः 1 a cowkeeper, a chief herdsman.
    -2 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -3 Bṛihaspati. ˚द्वादशी the twelfth day in the light half of the month of फाल्गुन
    -विष् f.,
    -विष्ठा cowdung.
    -विषाणिकः a kind of musical instrument; Mb.6.44.4.
    -विसर्गः day-break (when cows are let loose to graze in forests); Rām.7.111.9.
    -वीथिः f. N. of that portion of the moon's path which contains the asterisms भाद्रपदा, रेवती and अश्विनी, or according to some, हस्त, चित्रा and स्वाती Bṛi. S.9.2.
    -वीर्यम् the price received for milk.
    -वृन्दम् a drove of cattle.
    -वृन्दारकः an excellent bull or cow.
    -वृषः, -वृषभः an excellent bull; न तां शेकुर्नृपा वोढुमजित्वा सप्त गोवृषान् Bhāg 1.58.33. ˚ध्वजः an epithet of Śiva.
    -वैद्यः a quack docter.
    -व्रजः 1 a cow-pen.
    -2 a herd of cows.
    -3 a place where cattle graze.
    -व्रत, -व्रतिन् a. one who imitates a cow in fru- gality;...अत्र गोव्रतिनो विप्राः... ॥ यत्रपत्रशयो नित्यं येन केन- चिदाशितः । येन केनचिदाच्छन्नः स गोव्रत इहोच्यते ॥ Mb.5.99. 13-14.
    -शकृत् n. cowdung; Ms.2.182.
    -शतम् a present of a hundred cows to a Brāhmaṇa.
    -शालम्, -ला a cow-stall.
    -शीर्षः, -र्षम् a kind of sandal; Kau. A.2.11.
    -2 a kind of weapon (arrow ?); Mb.7.178. 23.
    -षड्गवम् three pairs of kine.
    -षन्, -षा a. Ved. acquiring or bestowing cows.
    -षा (सा) तिः 1 acquiring cattle; or fighting for cattle. गोषाता यस्य ते गिरः Rv.8.84.7.
    -2 giving cattle.
    -ष्टोमः a kind of sacri- fice fasting for one day.
    -संख्यः a cowherd.
    -सदृक्षः a species of ox (गवय).
    -सर्गः the time at which cows are usually let loose, day-break; see गोविसर्ग.
    -सवः a kind of cow-sacrifice (not performed in the Kali age); Mb.3.3.17.
    -सहस्रम् a kind of present (महादान). (
    -स्त्री) N. of two holidays on the fifteenth day of the dark half of कार्तिक and ज्येष्ठ.
    -सावित्री N. of a hymn (cf. गायत्री).
    -सूत्रिका a rope fastened at both ends having separate halters for each ox or cow.
    -स्तनः 1 the udder of a cow.
    -2 a cluster of blossoms, nosegay &c.
    -3 a pearl-necklace of four strings.
    -4 a kind of fort.
    -स्तना, -नी a bunch of grapes.
    -स्थानम्, -क्रम् a cow-pen.
    -स्वामिन् m.
    1 an owner of cows.
    -2 a religious mendicant.
    -3 an honorary title affixed to proper names; (e. g. वोपदेवगोस्वामिन्).
    -हत्या cow-slaughter.
    -हल्लम् (sometimes written हन्नम्) cow-dung.
    -हरः, -हरणम् stealing of cows; गोष्ठमुत्किरति गोहरं वदेत् Bṛi. S.89.9. (v. l.)
    -हित a. cherishing or protecting kine. (
    -तः) N. of Viṣṇu.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > गो _gō

  • 48 πίπτω

    πίπτω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] πίσσω, acc. to Gramm. in Hilgard
    A Exc. ex libris Herodiani p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); poet. subj.

    πίπτῃσι Pl.Com. 153.5

    : [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

    πῖπτον Il.8.67

    , etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr.2.10); [dialect] Ion. πίπτεσκον ( συμ-) Emp.59.2: [tense] fut.

    πεσοῦμαι A.Ch. 971

     (lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3pl.

    πεσέονται Il.11.824

    , [ per.] 3sg.

    πεσέεται Hdt.7.163

    , 168: [tense] aor. ἔπεσον, inf. πεσεῖν, Il.13.178, etc.; [ per.] 2sg. opt.

    πεσοίης Polem.Call. 10.14

    ; [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor.

    ἔπετον Alc.60

    , Pi.O.7.69, P.5.50, ([etym.] κάπετον) O.8.38, (ἐμ-) P.8.81, cf. Isyll.8, IG14.642 ([place name] Thurii); in later writers ἔπεσα, Orph.A. 521, LXX Le.9.24, al., f.l. in E.Tr. 291 ( προς-): [tense] pf.

    πέπτωκα A.Eu. 147

    , Ar.Ra. 970, etc.; [dialect] Ep. part. πεπτεώς, εῶτος (the εω forming one syll. by synizesis), Il.21.503, etc.; also πεπτηώς, ηυῖα, Od.14.354, Simon.183.7, Hp.Mul.1.69, A.R.4.1298, AP7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. πτήσσω; Trag. part.

    πεπτώς S.Aj. 828

    , Ant. 697. (Redupl. from πετ-, which appears in [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. [tense] aor. ἔ-πετ-ον (v. supr.), and the poet. form πίτ-νω; cogn. with πέτομαι, q.v.)
    A Radical sense, fall down, and (when intentional) cast oneself down, πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν, Il.6.307, 15.435, etc.;

    νιφάδες.. π. θαμειαί 12.278

    ;

    ὀπίσω πέσεν Od.12.410

    ; etc.:—Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always ἐν.., ἐν κονίῃσι π. fall in the dust, i.e. to rise no more, Il.11.425, cf. 13.205;

    ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας Od.22.384

    ; π. ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος fall into his arms, Hes.Fr.142.5; ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς Simon.l.c. (cf. πτήσσω)

    π. ἐν δεμνίοις E.Or.35

    , cf. A.Pers. 125 (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose,

    π. ἐν ποταμῷ X.Ages.1.32

    : c. dat. only,

    πεδίῳ πέσε Il.5.82

    ; δεμνίοις π. E.Or.88 (s. v.l.);

    π. ἐπὶ χθονί Od.24.535

    ;

    οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις Hes.Fr.188.4

    ;

    ἐπὶ γᾷ S.Ant. 134

     (lyr.);

    πρὸς πέδῳ E.Ba. 605

    ;

    πρὸς ἀγκάλαις Id. Ion 962

    ;

    ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων A.Ag. 326

    : with a Prep. of motion first in Hes.,

    Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον Op. 620

    ; [

    ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα Th. 791

    ;

    εἰς ἄντλον E.Hec. 1025

     (lyr.);

    ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα A.Ag. 1019

     (lyr.);

    ἐπὶ στόμα X.Cyn.10.13

    ;

    πρὸς οὖδας E.Hec. 405

    .
    2 in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, χαμάδις π. Il.7.16, 15.714, etc.; χαμαὶ π. 4.482, cf. 14.418, etc.;

    π. ἔραζε 12.156

    , cf. Od.22.280.
    3 with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls,

    ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε Il.16.803

    ;

    ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ A.Fr.44.3

    ;

    ἀπό τινος ὄνου Pl. Lg. 701d

    ;

    ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία Il.5.583

    ;

    π. ἐκ νηός Od.12.417

    ;

    πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ 10.51

    .
    4 Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, π. ἐπί τι fall upon, Euc.3.11, Archim.Fluit. 2.8, al., Apollon.Perg.Con.1.2; but π. ἐπί τι, ποτί τι, intersect, meet, Archim.Con.Sph.16, Spir.15; π. διά τινος pass through, Id.Con.Sph. 17;

    π. κατά τινος Id.Sph.Cyl.1

     Def.2;

    ἐπί τι κατά τινα Apollon.Perg. Con.1.2

    .
    B Special usages:
    I πίπτειν ἔν τισι fall violently upon, attack,

    ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν Il.13.742

     (but ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες tumbling into the ships, 2.175); ἐν βουσὶ π. S.Aj. 375 (lyr.); Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι π. Id.Ant. 782(lyr.); ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι, of combatants, Hes.Sc. 379, cf. 375;

    πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας S.Aj. 1061

     ;

    πρὸς πύλαις A.Th. 462

    .
    2 throw oneself down, fall down, πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν ib. 185 ;

    ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ E.Hec. 787

    ; ἐς γόνατα on one's knees, of a wrestler, Simon.156 ;

    ἐς τὸν ὦμον Ar.Eq. 571

    .
    II fall in battle,

    πῖπτε δὲ λαός Il.8.67

    , etc.; οἱ πεπτωκότες the fallen, X.Cyr.1.4.24 ;

    νέκυες πίπτοντες Il.10.200

    ;

    νεκροὶ περὶ νεκροῖς πεπτωκότες E.Ph. 881

     ;

    πεσήματα.. πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν Id.Andr. 653

     ;

    π. ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων Hdt.9.67

     ;

    ὡς.. θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι.., ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων Il.11.157

    , cf. 500, etc. ;

    τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν A.Pers. 252

    .
    2 fall, be ruined,

    δόμον δοκοῦντα κάρτα νῦν πεπτωκέναι Id.Ch. 263

    , cf. Pl.Phlb.22 e;

    πεσεῖν.. πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά A.Pr. 919

    , cf. Pl.La. 181b ;

    στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον S.OT50

     ; ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π., Id.El. 429, 398 ;

    ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ Id.Aj. 1078

     ; of an army,

    μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων Hdt.7.18

    , cf. Th.2.89 ;

    ὁ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε Hdt.8.16

     ; of a city,

    π. δορί E.Hec. 5

    .
    3 fall, sink, ἄνεμος πέσε the wind fell, Od.19.202 (but in Hes. Op. 547, Βορέαο πεσόντος is used for ἐμπεσόντος, falling on, blowing on one): metaph,

    πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα A.Th. 794

    , cf. S.Ant. 474 : c. dat., ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν fail in one's hopes, Plb.1.87.1.
    4 fall short, fail, Pl.Phd. 100e ; of a playwright, fail, Ar.Eq. 540.
    III πίπτειν ἔκ τινος fall out of, lose a thing, unintentionally, σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν fall out of, lose thy favour, Il.23.595 ; ἐξ ἐλπίδων π. E.Fr.420.5 ;

    τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν Id.Hipp. 390

     ; also of set purpose, ἐξ ἀρκύων π. escape from.., A.Eu. 147 ;

    ἔξω τῶν κακῶν Ar.Ra. 970

    .
    2 reversely, πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π. Thgn.42 ;

    εἰς ἄτην Sol.13.68

     ;

    εἰς δουλοσύνην Id.9.4

     ;

    ἐς δάκρυα Hdt.6.21

     ;

    ἐς νόσον A.Pr. 478

     ; εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας, E.IT 1172, Fr.578.8, Or. 696, Ph.69, Th.3.82 ; also ἐν γυιοπέδαις π. Pi.P.2.41 ;

    ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις S.El. 1476

     ;

    ἐν φόβῳ E.Or. 1418

     (lyr.) ;

    ἐν σολοικισμῷ Luc.Sol.3

    ;

    πρὸς τόλμαν S.Ichn. 11

     : c. dat. only,

    π. δυσπραξίαις Id.Aj. 759

     ;

    αἰσχύνῃ Id.Tr. 597

    , etc.; οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω I know not which way to turn, ib. 705.
    3 εἰς ὕπνον π. fall asleep, Id.Ph. 826 ; but

    ἐν ὕπνῳ Pi.I.4(3).23

    ; simply ὕπνῳ, A.Eu.68.
    4 π. εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν to be applied to (medicinal) use, Dsc.5.19,151,al.
    5 π. ὑπ' αἴσθησιν to be accessible to perception, Iamb.Comm.Math.8, in Nic.p.7 P.
    IV πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός to fall between her feet, i.e. to be born, Il.19.110.
    V of the dice, τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I shall count my master's lucky throws my own, A.Ag.32;

    ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι S. Fr. 895

    ;

    ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν Alex.34

    ; ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα according to the throws, Pl.R. 604c ; ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π. E.Hipp. 718; πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον as matters fall out, Id.El. 639 ; of tossing up with oystershells,

    κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω Pl.Com.153.5

     ; of lots, ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί or παρά τινα, Pl.R. 619e, 617e;

    ἐπί τινα Act.Ap.1.26

    : Astrol., π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Vett. Val.7.15.
    2 generally, fall, turn out, εὖ πίπτειν to be lucky, E.Or. 603; παρὰ γνώμαν π. Pi.O.12.10; of a battle, καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται to wait and see how it would fall, Hdt.7.163, cf. 8.130; λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π. turn out true, Pi.O.7.69;

    συμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι παντοίως Pl.Lg. 709a

    .
    3 fall to one, i.e. to his lot, esp. of revenues, accrue,

    τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε Plb.30.31.7

    ;

    φησιν.. ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν Id.2.62.1

     ; τὴν πεπτωκότα (sic)

    μοι οἰκίαν BGU251.12

     (ii A. D.);

    τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων IG5(1).1390.45

     (Andania, i B. C.);

    τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον D.H.20.17

     ; to be paid,

    τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής Str.17.1.12

     ;

    τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ.. ἱερόν PEleph.10.2

     (iii B. C.);

    π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν PCair.Zen.236.7

     (iii B. C.), PLond.3.1200.1 (ii B. C.) ;

    μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων BMus.Inscr.1032.40

     ([place name] Teos) ; πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος .. Ostr.Bodl.i3 (iii B. C.) (but τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα deficiencies, IPE12.32B 75 ([place name] Olbia)).
    VI fall, of a date or period of Time,

    π. κατὰ τὴν ρκθ' Ὀλυμπιάδα Plb.1.5.1

     ;

    οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν Id.4.2.2

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πίπτω

  • 49 Psychoanalysis

       [Psychoanalysis] seeks to prove to the ego that it is not even master in its own house, but must content itself with scanty information of what is going on unconsciously in the mind. (Freud, 1953-1974, Vol. 16, pp. 284-285)
       Although in the interview the analyst is supposedly a "passive" auditor of the "free association" narration by the subject, in point of fact the analyst does direct the course of the narrative. This by itself does not necessarily impair the evidential worth of the outcome, for even in the most meticulously conducted laboratory experiment the experimenter intervenes to obtain the data he is after. There is nevertheless the difficulty that in the nature of the case the full extent of the analyst's intervention is not a matter that is open to public scrutiny, so that by and large one has only his own testimony as to what transpires in the consulting room. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that this is not a question about the personal integrity of psychoanalytic practitioners. The point is the fundamental one that no matter how firmly we may resolve to make explicit our biases, no human being is aware of all of them, and that objectivity in science is achieved through the criticism of publicly accessible material by a community of independent inquirers.... Moreover, unless data are obtained under carefully standardized circumstances, or under different circumstances whose dependence on known variables is nevertheless established, even an extensive collection of data is an unreliable basis for inference. To be sure, analysts apparently do attempt to institute standard conditions for the conduct of interviews. But there is not much information available on the extent to which the standardization is actually enforced, or whether it relates to more than what may be superficial matters. (E. Nagel, 1959, pp. 49-50)
       3) No Necessary Incompatibility between Psychoanalysis and Certain Religious Formulations
       here would seem to be no necessary incompatibility between psychoanalysis and those religious formulations which locate God within the self. One could, indeed, argue that Freud's Id (and even more Groddeck's It), the impersonal force within which is both the core of oneself and yet not oneself, and from which in illness one become[s] alienated, is a secular formation of the insight which makes religious people believe in an immanent God. (Ryecroft, 1966, p. 22)
       Freudian analysts emphasized that their theories were constantly verified by their "clinical observations."... It was precisely this fact-that they always fitted, that they were always confirmed-which in the eyes of their admirers constituted the strongest argument in favour of these theories. It began to dawn on me that this apparent strength was in fact their weakness.... It is easy to obtain confirmations or verifications, for nearly every theory-if we look for confirmation. (Popper, 1968, pp. 3435)
       5) Psychoanalysis Is Not a Science But Rather the Interpretation of a Narrated History
       Psychoanalysis does not satisfy the standards of the sciences of observation, and the "facts" it deals with are not verifiable by multiple, independent observers.... There are no "facts" nor any observation of "facts" in psychoanalysis but rather the interpretation of a narrated history. (Ricoeur, 1974, p. 186)
       6) Some of the Qualities of a Scientific Approach Are Possessed by Psychoanalysis
       In sum: psychoanalysis is not a science, but it shares some of the qualities associated with a scientific approach-the search for truth, understanding, honesty, openness to the import of the observation and evidence, and a skeptical stance toward authority. (Breger, 1981, p. 50)
       [Attributes of Psychoanalysis:]
       1. Psychic Determinism. No item in mental life and in conduct and behavior is "accidental"; it is the outcome of antecedent conditions.
       2. Much mental activity and behavior is purposive or goal-directed in character.
       3. Much of mental activity and behavior, and its determinants, is unconscious in character. 4. The early experience of the individual, as a child, is very potent, and tends to be pre-potent over later experience. (Farrell, 1981, p. 25)
       Our sceptic may be unwise enough... to maintain that, because analytic theory is unscientific on his criterion, it is not worth discussing. This step is unwise, because it presupposes that, if a study is not scientific on his criterion, it is not a rational enterprise... an elementary and egregious mistake. The scientific and the rational are not co-extensive. Scientific work is only one form that rational inquiry can take: there are many others. (Farrell, 1981, p. 46)
       Psychoanalysts have tended to write as though the term analysis spoke for itself, as if the statement "analysis revealed" or "it was analyzed as" preceding a clinical assertion was sufficient to establish the validity of what was being reported. An outsider might easily get the impression from reading the psychoanalytic literature that some standardized, generally accepted procedure existed for both inference and evidence. Instead, exactly the opposite has been true. Clinical material in the hands of one analyst can lead to totally different "findings" in the hands of another. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 128)
       The analytic process-the means by which we arrive at psychoanalytic understanding-has been largely neglected and is poorly understood, and there has been comparatively little interest in the issues of inference and evidence. Indeed, psychoanalysts as a group have not recognized the importance of being bound by scientific constraints. They do not seem to understand that a possibility is only that-a possibility-and that innumerable ways may exist to explain the same data. Psychoanalysts all too often do not seem to distinguish hypotheses from facts, nor do they seem to understand that hypotheses must be tested in some way, that criteria for evidence must exist, and that any given test for any hypothesis must allow for the full range of substantiation/refutation. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 129)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychoanalysis

  • 50 производственное здание

    1. Betriebsgebäude

     

    производственное здание
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    industrial building
    A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производственное здание

  • 51 bâtiment industriel

    1. производственное здание

     

    производственное здание
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    industrial building
    A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bâtiment industriel

  • 52 Betriebsgebäude

    1. производственное здание

     

    производственное здание
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    industrial building
    A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Betriebsgebäude

  • 53 производственное здание

    1. industrial building

     

    производственное здание
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    industrial building
    A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производственное здание

  • 54 распределительный щиток

    1. panelboard
    2. panel boxe

     

    распределительный щиток
    щиток
    -
    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001]

    Классификация

    • по назначению
    • исполнению, относящемуся к виду установки:
    • наличию отключающего аппарата на вводе:
    • наличию учета электроэнергии:
      • со счетчиком;
      • без счетчика;
    • по наличию слаботочного отсека
    • количеству защитных аппаратов групповых цепей;
    • виду защитных аппаратов групповых цепей
      • автоматические выключатели;
      • предохранители;
    • наличию устройств защитного отключения:
      • с УЗО;
      • без УЗО;
    • способу защиты человека от поражения электрическим током:
    • по числу фаз ввода в щиток
      • однофазный при Рр ≤ 11 кВт;
      • трехфазный при Рр ≥ 11 кВт или при наличии трехфазных токоприемников;
    • по наличию аппарата для защиты и отключения питающей цепи (стояка):
      • с аппаратом (или предусмотренным местом для последующей его установки потребителем);
      • без аппарата

    Примечание. Рр - расчетная мощность на вводе квартиры.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001] и [ ГОСТ Р 51628-2000]

    Распределительные щитки (далее — щитки), применяемые в осветительных и силовых установках производственных, общественных, административных и других подобных зданий для приема и распределения электрической энергии при напряжении 380/220 и 660/380 В трехфазного переменного тока частотой 50 — 60 Гц, нечастого включения и отключения линий групповых цепей, а также для их защиты при перегрузках и коротких замыканиях.

    Щитки могут устанавливаться в местах, доступных при эксплуатации неквалифицированному персоналу для выполнения коммутационных операций

    Щитки, присоединяемые к трехфазным сетям с типами систем заземления TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S, ТТ...

    В щитках     без отключающего аппарата на вводе должны быть зажимы для присоединения проводников питающей цепи
    Дверцы щитков должны запираться на ключ
    В щитках без дверец...

    В щитках со счетчиками для исключения несанкционированного доступа к цепям учета электроэнергии (от входных зажимов вводного аппарата до ввода в счетчик) должны предусматриваться конструктивные элементы с возможностью их опломбирования

    На оперативной панели щитка     должна выполняться маркировка защитных аппаратов групповых цепей порядковыми номерами

    В качестве аппаратов защиты групповых линий используются модульные автоматические выключатели с шириной модуля 18 мм.
    На вводе и групповых линиях щитка могут быть установлены устройства защитного отключения с отключающим дифференциальным током на вводе - 30; 100; 300 мА, на групповых линиях - 10; 30 мА.

    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001]

    A panelboard as defined by the National Electrical Code is a single panel or a group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel; including buses, automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits, designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall or partition and accessible only from the front.
    Panelboards provide a compact and convenient method of grouping circuit switching and protective devices at some common point.
    Panelboards may be of either the flush or the surface type (Fig. 4.125).
    The flush type is used with concealed-wiring installations and has the advantage of not taking up space in the room by extending beyond the surface of the wall. Surface type boxes are used for installations employing exposed wiring.
    The boxes are generally constructed of sheet steel, which must be not less than 0.053 in. (1.35 mm) in thickness.
    The steel must be galvanized or be covered with some other protective coating to prevent corrosion.
    Gutters are provided around the panelboards in cabinets to allow sufficient space for wiring (Figs. 4.125 and 4.126).

    4570
    FIGURE 4.125 Panel boxes.

    The Code requires that all cabinets which contain connections to more than eight conductors be provided with back or side wiring spaces. These wiring spaces must be separated from the panelboard or other devices in the cabinet by partitions so that they will be separate closed compartments, unless all wires are led from the cabinet at points directly opposite their terminal connections to the panelboard.
    [American electricians’ handbook]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > распределительный щиток

  • 55 производственное здание

    1. bâtiment industriel

     

    производственное здание
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    industrial building
    A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производственное здание

  • 56 industrial building

    1. промышленное предприятие (здание)
    2. производственное здание

     

    производственное здание
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    industrial building
    A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    промышленное предприятие (здание)
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    промышленное здание
    -
    [Интент]

    промышленное здание
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    EN

    industrial plant (building)
    Buildings where the operations related to industrial productive processes are carried out. (Source: ZINZAN)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > industrial building

  • 57 panel boxe

    1. распределительный щиток

     

    распределительный щиток
    щиток
    -
    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001]

    Классификация

    • по назначению
    • исполнению, относящемуся к виду установки:
    • наличию отключающего аппарата на вводе:
    • наличию учета электроэнергии:
      • со счетчиком;
      • без счетчика;
    • по наличию слаботочного отсека
    • количеству защитных аппаратов групповых цепей;
    • виду защитных аппаратов групповых цепей
      • автоматические выключатели;
      • предохранители;
    • наличию устройств защитного отключения:
      • с УЗО;
      • без УЗО;
    • способу защиты человека от поражения электрическим током:
    • по числу фаз ввода в щиток
      • однофазный при Рр ≤ 11 кВт;
      • трехфазный при Рр ≥ 11 кВт или при наличии трехфазных токоприемников;
    • по наличию аппарата для защиты и отключения питающей цепи (стояка):
      • с аппаратом (или предусмотренным местом для последующей его установки потребителем);
      • без аппарата

    Примечание. Рр - расчетная мощность на вводе квартиры.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001] и [ ГОСТ Р 51628-2000]

    Распределительные щитки (далее — щитки), применяемые в осветительных и силовых установках производственных, общественных, административных и других подобных зданий для приема и распределения электрической энергии при напряжении 380/220 и 660/380 В трехфазного переменного тока частотой 50 — 60 Гц, нечастого включения и отключения линий групповых цепей, а также для их защиты при перегрузках и коротких замыканиях.

    Щитки могут устанавливаться в местах, доступных при эксплуатации неквалифицированному персоналу для выполнения коммутационных операций

    Щитки, присоединяемые к трехфазным сетям с типами систем заземления TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S, ТТ...

    В щитках     без отключающего аппарата на вводе должны быть зажимы для присоединения проводников питающей цепи
    Дверцы щитков должны запираться на ключ
    В щитках без дверец...

    В щитках со счетчиками для исключения несанкционированного доступа к цепям учета электроэнергии (от входных зажимов вводного аппарата до ввода в счетчик) должны предусматриваться конструктивные элементы с возможностью их опломбирования

    На оперативной панели щитка     должна выполняться маркировка защитных аппаратов групповых цепей порядковыми номерами

    В качестве аппаратов защиты групповых линий используются модульные автоматические выключатели с шириной модуля 18 мм.
    На вводе и групповых линиях щитка могут быть установлены устройства защитного отключения с отключающим дифференциальным током на вводе - 30; 100; 300 мА, на групповых линиях - 10; 30 мА.

    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001]

    A panelboard as defined by the National Electrical Code is a single panel or a group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel; including buses, automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits, designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall or partition and accessible only from the front.
    Panelboards provide a compact and convenient method of grouping circuit switching and protective devices at some common point.
    Panelboards may be of either the flush or the surface type (Fig. 4.125).
    The flush type is used with concealed-wiring installations and has the advantage of not taking up space in the room by extending beyond the surface of the wall. Surface type boxes are used for installations employing exposed wiring.
    The boxes are generally constructed of sheet steel, which must be not less than 0.053 in. (1.35 mm) in thickness.
    The steel must be galvanized or be covered with some other protective coating to prevent corrosion.
    Gutters are provided around the panelboards in cabinets to allow sufficient space for wiring (Figs. 4.125 and 4.126).

    4570
    FIGURE 4.125 Panel boxes.

    The Code requires that all cabinets which contain connections to more than eight conductors be provided with back or side wiring spaces. These wiring spaces must be separated from the panelboard or other devices in the cabinet by partitions so that they will be separate closed compartments, unless all wires are led from the cabinet at points directly opposite their terminal connections to the panelboard.
    [American electricians’ handbook]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > panel boxe

  • 58 panelboard

    1. распределительный щиток

     

    распределительный щиток
    щиток
    -
    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001]

    Классификация

    • по назначению
    • исполнению, относящемуся к виду установки:
    • наличию отключающего аппарата на вводе:
    • наличию учета электроэнергии:
      • со счетчиком;
      • без счетчика;
    • по наличию слаботочного отсека
    • количеству защитных аппаратов групповых цепей;
    • виду защитных аппаратов групповых цепей
      • автоматические выключатели;
      • предохранители;
    • наличию устройств защитного отключения:
      • с УЗО;
      • без УЗО;
    • способу защиты человека от поражения электрическим током:
    • по числу фаз ввода в щиток
      • однофазный при Рр ≤ 11 кВт;
      • трехфазный при Рр ≥ 11 кВт или при наличии трехфазных токоприемников;
    • по наличию аппарата для защиты и отключения питающей цепи (стояка):
      • с аппаратом (или предусмотренным местом для последующей его установки потребителем);
      • без аппарата

    Примечание. Рр - расчетная мощность на вводе квартиры.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001] и [ ГОСТ Р 51628-2000]

    Распределительные щитки (далее — щитки), применяемые в осветительных и силовых установках производственных, общественных, административных и других подобных зданий для приема и распределения электрической энергии при напряжении 380/220 и 660/380 В трехфазного переменного тока частотой 50 — 60 Гц, нечастого включения и отключения линий групповых цепей, а также для их защиты при перегрузках и коротких замыканиях.

    Щитки могут устанавливаться в местах, доступных при эксплуатации неквалифицированному персоналу для выполнения коммутационных операций

    Щитки, присоединяемые к трехфазным сетям с типами систем заземления TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S, ТТ...

    В щитках     без отключающего аппарата на вводе должны быть зажимы для присоединения проводников питающей цепи
    Дверцы щитков должны запираться на ключ
    В щитках без дверец...

    В щитках со счетчиками для исключения несанкционированного доступа к цепям учета электроэнергии (от входных зажимов вводного аппарата до ввода в счетчик) должны предусматриваться конструктивные элементы с возможностью их опломбирования

    На оперативной панели щитка     должна выполняться маркировка защитных аппаратов групповых цепей порядковыми номерами

    В качестве аппаратов защиты групповых линий используются модульные автоматические выключатели с шириной модуля 18 мм.
    На вводе и групповых линиях щитка могут быть установлены устройства защитного отключения с отключающим дифференциальным током на вводе - 30; 100; 300 мА, на групповых линиях - 10; 30 мА.

    [ ГОСТ Р 51778-2001]

    A panelboard as defined by the National Electrical Code is a single panel or a group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel; including buses, automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits, designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall or partition and accessible only from the front.
    Panelboards provide a compact and convenient method of grouping circuit switching and protective devices at some common point.
    Panelboards may be of either the flush or the surface type (Fig. 4.125).
    The flush type is used with concealed-wiring installations and has the advantage of not taking up space in the room by extending beyond the surface of the wall. Surface type boxes are used for installations employing exposed wiring.
    The boxes are generally constructed of sheet steel, which must be not less than 0.053 in. (1.35 mm) in thickness.
    The steel must be galvanized or be covered with some other protective coating to prevent corrosion.
    Gutters are provided around the panelboards in cabinets to allow sufficient space for wiring (Figs. 4.125 and 4.126).

    4570
    FIGURE 4.125 Panel boxes.

    The Code requires that all cabinets which contain connections to more than eight conductors be provided with back or side wiring spaces. These wiring spaces must be separated from the panelboard or other devices in the cabinet by partitions so that they will be separate closed compartments, unless all wires are led from the cabinet at points directly opposite their terminal connections to the panelboard.
    [American electricians’ handbook]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > panelboard

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