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81 import
(imp.)n міжторг. імпорт; ввіз; pl ввізні товари; предмети ввозу; a ввізний; імпортний; імпортований; v ввозити/ввезти; імпортувативвезення товарів, послуг, капіталу, технологій тощо з-за кордону для реалізації або застосування на внутрішньому ринку; ♦ виділяють «видимий» імпорт (visible imports), напр. виготовлені товари; невидимий імпорт (invisible imports), напр. банківське обслуговування, туристичні та ін. послуги; імпорт капіталу (capital imports), напр. закордонне капіталовкладення в активи або банківські депозити тощо═════════■═════════capital imports; consumer imports імпорт споживчих товарів; direct import прямий імпорт; dutiable import імпорт, який підлягає оподаткуванню; food import імпорт харчових товарів; free import безмитний ввіз; indirect import непрямий імпорт; invisible imports; major imports основні предмети імпорту; merchandise imports імпорт товарів; net imports чистий імпорт; principal imports основні предмети імпорту; prohibited imports товари, які заборонено імпортувати; retained import спеціальний імпорт (загальний імпорт мінус реекспорт); temporary import тимчасовий імпорт; total imports обсяг імпорту; visible imports═════════□═════════import and export prices імпортні й експортні ціни; import and production tax податок на імпорт і виробництво; import ban заборона імпорту; import barrier обмеження на імпорт; import campaign кампанія за збільшення імпорту; import contract контракт на імпорт; import control контроль за імпортом; import credit кредит для імпорту товарів • кредит на імпорт; import credit insurance страхування кредиту для імпорту; import declaration митна декларація на ввіз; import deficit дефіцит імпорту; import deterrent фактор, який стримує імпорт; import duties and taxes податки і митні збори на ввізні товари; import duty митний збір на ввізні товари; import expenditure видатки на імпорт; import figures кількісні показники імпорту; import freeze заморожування імпорту; import letter of credit акредитив на імпорт товарів; import levy митний збір на ввізні товари; import license ліцензія на імпорт; import loan позичка на імпорт товарів; import management регулювання імпорту; import market ринок імпорту; import monopoly монополія на імпорт; imports of capital ввіз капіталу; imports of machinery імпорт машин; import permit дозвіл на імпорт товарів; import potential можливості імпорту • потенціал імпорту; import price ціна на імпорт; import protection insurance страхування на випадок обмежень на імпорт товарів; import quota квота на імпорт; import quotation ціна на імпорт; import rate тариф для імпортних вантажів; import regulation регулювання імпорту; import restriction обмеження на імпорт; import sales обсяг продажу на імпорт; import subsidy дотація на імпорт; import substitution заміщення імпорту внутрішнім виробництвом; import tariff митний тариф на імпорт товарів; import volume обсяг імпорту; to ban imports забороняти/заборонити імпорт товарів; to expand imports розширяти/розширити імпорт; to finance import фінансувати імпорт; to prohibit imports забороняти/заборонити імпорт товарів; to reduce imports зменшувати/зменшити імпорт; to regulate imports регулювати імпорт; to stop import припиняти/припинити імпортimport: export═════════◇═════════імпорт < англ. import — ввезення < лат. importo — ввожу (ЕСУМ 2: 299)пр. export -
82 open
ouvert(e)STOCK EXCHANGE open contract position f ouverte;INSURANCE open cover traité m facultatif obligatoire;open credit crédit m à découvert;open economy économie f ouverte;open file dossier m ouvert;TELECOMMUNICATIONS open line ligne f ouverte;ECONOMICS open market marché m libre;open money market marché libre des capitaux;STOCK EXCHANGE open outcry criée f;INSURANCE open policy police f flottante;open port port m ouvert;STOCK EXCHANGE open position position ouverte;INDUSTRY open shop British (open to non-union members) = entreprise ne pratiquant pas le monopole d'embauche; American (with no union) établissement m sans syndicat;open ticket billet m openouvrir; (negotiations, conversation, debate) entamer;∎ to open a line of credit ouvrir un crédit;∎ to open a loan ouvrir un emprunt(a) (of shop, business) ouvrir(b) STOCK EXCHANGE coter à l'ouverture;∎ the FTSE opened at 4083 l'indice FT a ouvert à 4083However, Mills recognized that most businesses would still prefer the open shop, but argued that sophisticated conservatives, if forced to recognize unions and make concessions on wages and working conditions, would in return try to use labor leaders as a tool to repress rank-and-file discontent.
▸ open up(office, shop) ouvrir;∎ to open up a country to trade ouvrir un pays au commerce(of office, shop) ouvrir -
83 charge
1. n1) цена, плата2) pl расходы, издержки3) налог; сбор; начисление4) долговое обязательство; дебет6) обременение вещи; залоговое право7) обвинение8) юр. обращение взыскания9) обязанность; ответственность
- acceptance charge
- account operation charge
- accrued charges
- activity charges
- actual charges
- additional charge
- additional charges
- administration charge
- administrative charge
- admission charge
- amendment charge
- amortization charges
- average charges
- back charges
- baggage charge
- bank charge for custody of securities
- bank charges
- banking charges
- banking service charge
- baseless charges
- basic charge
- berth charge
- boatmen in charge
- cable charges
- cancellation charge
- capital charges
- carriage charges
- carrying charge
- carrying charges
- checking charges
- collecting charges
- collection charge
- collection charges
- commission charge
- commission charge for a L/C
- community charge
- constant charges
- consular charge
- container charge
- corruption charges
- crane charge
- customs-clearance charges
- daily charge
- decoration charges
- deferred charges
- delivery charge
- delivery charges
- demurrage charges
- departmental charges
- depreciation charges
- designing charges
- detention charges
- direct charges
- discharging charge
- discount charges
- discounting charges
- disinfection charge
- distribution charges
- dock charges
- documentation charges
- embezzlement charge
- emission charge
- encashment charges
- engineering charge
- establishment charges
- estimated charges
- excess charge
- excess baggage charge
- excess weight charge
- exorbitant charges
- extra charge
- extra charges
- finance charge
- financing charge
- financing charges
- fiscal charges
- fixed charge
- fixed charges
- flat charge
- floating charge
- fluctuating charges
- forwarding charges
- freight charges
- frontier charge
- general average and salvage charges
- handling charges
- haulage charges
- hauling charges
- heavy charges
- heavy lifting charges
- heavy rental charges
- hiring charge
- hotel charges
- import charge
- incidental charges
- incurred charges
- indirect charges
- industry track charges
- insurance charge
- insurance charges
- interest charge
- interest charges on capital
- issuance charge
- lading charges
- land charge
- landing charges
- late charge
- levelling charges
- lighter charges
- loading charges
- loan charges
- local charges
- lock charges
- mailing charges
- maintenance charges
- management charges
- minimum charge
- moderate charge
- monthly charge
- mortgage charges
- municipal charges
- night charge
- nonrecurring charge
- one-off charge
- one-time charge
- overhead charges
- overtime charges
- packing charges
- packaging charges
- particular charges
- penalty charge
- per diem charge
- period charges
- pollution charge
- port charges
- porterage charge
- postal charges
- prior charges
- proforma charges
- protest charge
- protest charges
- quay handling charges
- quay landing charges
- quay loading charges
- railway charge
- rate charge
- reconsigning charge
- recovery charges
- redraft charges
- reduced charge
- remittance charge
- remittance charges
- remittance charge for international money orders
- rent charges
- rental charge
- repairing charges
- reweighing charges
- river charge
- salvage charges
- securities fraud charges
- separate charge
- service charge
- service charge on a loan
- shifting charge
- shipping charges
- siding charge
- special charge
- standard charge
- standing charges
- stevedoring charge
- stevedoring charges
- storage charge
- storage charges
- storing charge
- sue charges
- supplementary charges
- surrender charge
- survey charges
- taring charges
- telephone charges
- telex charges
- terminal charges
- token charge
- towage charges
- towing charges
- transaction charge
- transhipment charge
- transit charge
- transport charges
- transportation charge
- transportation charges
- trimming charges
- trust charges
- unloading charge
- unloading charges
- valuation charges
- variable charges
- vehicle ownership charge
- veterinary charges
- waggon hire charge
- warehouse charge
- warehouse charges
- warehousing charge
- weighbridge charge
- weighing charges
- wharfage charges
- winchmen charge
- charges against revenue
- charge for admission
- charges for advertising
- charges for amortization of intangible fixed assets
- charges for carriage
- charge for cheque processing
- charge for clearance
- charge for coining
- charge for collection
- charges for conveyance
- charge for credit
- charge for cross-border funds transfer
- charge for delivery
- charges for depreciation of tangible fixed assets
- charge for engineering
- charge for excess withdrawal
- charge for freight
- charge for interest
- charge for issue of documents
- charge for noting
- charges for the opening of a L/C
- charges for overtime work
- charges for provisions for depreciation of financial fixed assets
- charges for provisions for depreciation of gold and precious metals
- charges for provisions for depreciation of investment securities
- charges for provisions for doubtful debts
- charges for public utility services
- charges for services
- charges for services and facilities
- charges forward
- charges of advertising
- charge of embezzlement
- charge on assets
- charge on imports
- charge on income
- charge on land
- charge on property
- charges forward
- charges paid in advance
- at a charge
- at extra charge
- at a moderate charge
- at no charge
- without charge
- all charges borne
- all charges deducted
- all charges included
- free of charge
- less charges
- be in charge of
- bear charges
- bill the charges
- bring on charge
- calculate charges
- collect charges
- compute charges
- defray the charges
- fix charges
- impose charges
- incur charges
- levy a charge
- levy corruption charges
- make a charge
- put on charge
- reverse charges
- take on charge2. v1) назначать цену; взимать плату3) записывать, относить на счет; дебетовать
- charge a commission
- charge a fee
- charge payment against debt
- charge up
- expenses charged forwardEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > charge
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84 company
сущ.1) общ. общество, компания; гость, гостиin company — в обществе, на людях
in company with smb. — в обществе кого-л.
2) общ. собеседник; партнер по общению3) сокр. Coа) эк. компания; фирма; предприятиеcapital goods company — компания, выпускающая средства производства
company under foreign ownership — компания, являющаяся иностранной собственностью
to set up [form, found\] a company — основать [учредить\] компанию
to float a company [to launch\] a company — учредить компанию и выпустить ее акции на рынок
See:advertising company, barter company, bartering company, cargo-handling company, controlling company, controlled company, domestic company, employee leasing company, export management company, export-import company, factor company, factoring company, foreign company, forfaiting company, forwarding company, freight-handling company, global company, holding company, import-export company, international business company, international company, internationally-based company, leasing company, life settlement company, logistics company, multinational company, offshore company, overseas company, parent company, pension company, sister company, subsidiary company, supranational company, title company, title insurance company, transnational company, wholesale company, affiliated company, agent-owned reinsurance company, captive insurance company, allied company, ancillary company, associate company, related company, auxiliary company, benevolent company, bogus company, captive finance company, captive insurance company, charitable company, chartered company, close company, close investment holding company, closed company, closed end management company, closed-end investment company, close-end investment company, closed-end management company, investment company, commercial company, company agreement, company auditor, company bargaining, company bull, company by-law, company car, company card, company doctor, company formation, company indicia, company law, company limited by guarantee, company limited by shares, company man, company name, company officer, company registrar, company secretary, company statute, company tax, company treasurer, company union, company unionism, company-wide, defunct company, dormant company, established company, exempt private company, farming company, formation of company, incorporated company, independent company, intercompany transaction, investment trust company, joint company, joint stock company, limited company, limited liability company, limited purpose trust company, management company, multiplant company, mutual company, nominee company, non-commercial company, non-for-profit company, not-for-profit company, one man company, open-end company, paper company, plan company, private company, private limited company, private limited liability company, proprietary company, public company, public limited company, public limited liability company, public utility company, publicly held company, publicly owned company, publicly traded company, quasi-public company, registered company, registration of company, regulated company, related company, shell company, sleeping company, small business investment company, small company, statutory company, sub-company, trust company, underlying company, unlimited company, blue chip company, company officer 2) African Management Services Companyб) эк., юр., амер. (собирательное понятие, применяемое, как правило, к формам организации бизнеса, имеющим в основе своей деятельности объединение капиталов: корпорации, товариществу и т. п.; не применяется по отношению к такой форме, как индивидуальное предпринимательство)Syn:See:в) эк., юр., брит. = corporation 2) б),г) ист. (те члены коммерческой организации, чьи фамилии не упоминаются в названии)See:4) общ., разг., амер. контора*, органы* (Центральное разведывательное управление США, ЦРУ; с определенным артиклем, с прописной буквы)See:5) эк. тр. гильдия (организация, действующая в Лондонском Сити, занимающаяся в основном благотворительной деятельностью и образовавшаяся из средневековых профессиональных объединений)6) мор. экипаж, команда7) воен. воинская единица; батальон, рота ( пехотные), батарея ( артиллерийская), эскадрон ( кавалерийский)See:
* * *
company (Co; Coy) компания: юридическое лицо, представляющее собой ассоциацию вкладчиков капитала (акционеров) для осуществления той или иной деятельности (товарищество, акционерная компания); = corporation 2.* * *компания, акционерное общество, фирма. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *корпоративное предприятие, которое является юридическим лицом, в отличие от его участников; компания оперирует как самостоятельная единица, успеха которой добиваются все ее члены -
85 direct
1. прил.1) общ. прямойSyn:2) общ. прямой, открытый, откровенный, правдивый; ясный, недвусмысленный, очевидный, явныйdirect person [question, reply\] — прямой человек [вопрос, ответ\]
Syn:See:direct appeal, direct contempt, direct democracy, direct discrimination б), direct estoppel, direct liability 1) б)3) общ. прямой, непосредственныйdirect ancestor [heir\] — прямой предок [наследник\]
to have a direct interest in smth. — быть непосредственно заинтересованным в чем-л.
He had direct charge of the laboratory. — Лаборатория находилась в его непосредственном подчинении.
Syn:See:direct access, direct action, direct advertiser, direct advertising, direct approach, direct barter, direct bill, direct business, direct buying, direct cause, direct charging, direct communication, direct competitor, direct consequence, direct constraint, direct consumer sales, direct consumption, direct contact, direct control, direct conversion, direct cost, direct costing, direct customer, direct damage, direct damages, direct data entry, direct debit, direct delivery, direct demand, direct deposit, direct descendant, direct discrimination а), direct effect, direct election, direct environment, direct equity investment, direct execution, direct expense, direct export, direct exporting, direct exposure, direct feedback, direct finance, direct financing, direct foreign investment, direct government payments, direct grant, direct heir, direct hour, direct house, direct impact, direct implementation, direct import, direct importing, direct inference, direct influence, direct infringement, direct injury, direct insurance, direct insurer, direct interference, direct investment, direct knowledge, direct labour, direct lease, direct leasing, direct lending, direct letter of credit, direct liability 2) а), direct light, direct loan, direct loss, direct mail, direct mailer, direct mailing, direct maintenance cost, direct man-hours, direct manufacturing expenses, direct marketer, direct marketing, direct material cost, direct materials, direct measure, direct measurement, direct media, direct method, direct motive, direct observation, direct outlays, direct overhead, direct paper, direct participant, direct payment, direct payout, direct payroll costs, direct placement, direct placing, direct plagiarism, direct posting, direct premium earned, direct premium written, direct premiums, direct premiums earned, direct premiums written, direct producer, direct production, direct profitability, direct project cost, direct promotion, direct purchase, direct purchasing, direct questioning, direct quotation, direct reinsurer, direct response, direct restrictions, direct result, direct revelation mechanism, direct rule, direct sale, direct sales, direct sales force, direct selling, direct settlement, direct store delivery, direct suit, direct supervision, direct supervisor, direct tax, direct taxation, direct test of financial balance, direct testing, direct tracing, direct transfer, direct transformation, direct transition, direct utility function, direct vendor delivery, direct viewing, direct violation, direct vote, direct wages, direct worker, direct write-off, direct writer, Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers, Direct Life Insurance Carriers, Direct Selling Establishments4) общ. полный, абсолютныйIs not this the direct contrary of what was admitted before? — Не является ли это заявление прямо противоположным сказанному ранее?
Syn:5) лингв. прямойSee:6) мат. прямойа) (отвесный, горизонтальный, перпендикулярный данной плоскости)See:7) астрон. движущийся с запада на восток ( о небесных телах)8) тех. последовательный, постоянный ( главным образом в словосочетаниях)2. нареч.общ. прямо, сразу, непосредственноI shall communicate with you direct. — Я сразу же свяжусь с вами.
His orders have come down to him direct from on high. — Он получил приказ непосредственно сверху.
Syn:3. гл.1) общ. обращаться, адресовать, писать (куда-л.)to direct words [remarks\] to smb. — обратиться к кому-л. со словами [замечаниями\]
Direct to me at Mr. Hipkis's. — Пишите мне на адрес мистера Хипкиса.
Syn:2) упр. руководить, управлять, контролироватьto direct a business [a campaign\] — руководить предприятием [компанией\]
Wisdom is profitable to direct. — Мудрость помогает управлять.
Syn:3) упр. приказывать, указывать; предписывать, давать указания [распоряжения\]as directed — в соответствии с указаниями [с предписанием\]
to direct John to drive to New York — распорядиться, чтобы Джон ехал в Нью-Йорк
The council directed the Chief Fire Officer to prepare a survey of fire precautions in schools. — Совет поручил начальнику пожарной охраны подготовить доклад об уровне пожарной безопасности в школах.
He is directed by his conscience. — Он следует велениям своей совести.
Syn:4) юр. решатьThe judge directed the verdict for the defendant. — Судья решил дело в пользу ответчика.
5) общ. наставлять; давать советы, учить; инструктироватьto direct smb. in matters of diplomacy — быть чьим-л. наставником в вопросах дипломатии
6) иск. дирижироватьSyn:7) иск. ставить (пьесу, спектакль, сцену, мизансцену, фильм)8) общ. направлять (людей, усилия, действия, внимание); побуждать, подсказыватьto direct one's eyes — обратить свой взор (куда-л.)
to direct one's steps — направляться (куда-л.)
to direct one's efforts [energies\] to smth. — отдавать силы [энергию\] чему-л.
They were directed to work at the archives. — Они были направлены на работу в архив.
In love it is heart that directs you. — В любви тебе все подсказывает сердце.
They directed the attacks against the enemy's seaports. — Они направили свои удары на вражеские порты.
Syn:9) общ. указывать дорогуCan you direct me to the nearest railway station? — Не подскажете дорогу к ближайшей железнодорожной станции?
Syn:10) общ., воен. целить(ся), нацеливать(ся), направлятьSyn: -
86 take
take [teɪk]prendre ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (a), 1B (c)-(e), 1C (b), 1D (a), 1D (b), 1E (a), 1F (a), 1G (a), 1G (b), 1G (d), 1H (a), 1H (b), 1I (a), 1I (c), 1I (d), 1I (f), 1I (g), 2 (a)-(c) porter ⇒ 1B (a) mener ⇒ 1B (b) conduire ⇒ 1C (a) recevoir ⇒ 1D (c) croire ⇒ 1F (b) supporter ⇒ 1F (d) supposer ⇒ 1G (c) contenir ⇒ 1I (e) passer ⇒ 1I (i)A.∎ let me take your coat donnez-moi votre manteau;∎ she took the book from him elle lui a pris le livre;∎ to take sb's hand prendre qn par la main;∎ she took his arm elle lui a pris le bras;∎ Peter took her in his arms Peter l'a prise dans ses bras;∎ the wolf took its prey by the throat le loup a saisi sa proie à la gorge(b) (get control of, capture → person) prendre, capturer; (→ fish, game) prendre, attraper; Military prendre, s'emparer de;∎ they took the town that night ils prirent ou s'emparèrent de la ville cette nuit-là;∎ to take sb prisoner faire qn prisonnier;∎ to take sb alive prendre ou capturer qn vivant;∎ I took his queen with my rook j'ai pris sa reine avec ma tour;∎ to take control of a situation prendre une situation en main;∎ we took our courage in both hands nous avons pris notre courage à deux mains;∎ you're taking your life in your hands doing that c'est ta vie que tu risques en faisant cela;∎ to take the lead in sth (in competition) prendre la tête de qch; (set example) être le premier à faire qchB.(a) (carry from one place to another) porter, apporter; (carry along, have in one's possession) prendre, emporter;∎ she took her mother a cup of tea elle a apporté une tasse de thé à sa mère;∎ he took the map with him il a emporté la carte;∎ she took some towels up(stairs)/down(stairs) elle a monté/descendu des serviettes;∎ don't forget to take your camera n'oubliez pas (de prendre) votre appareil photo;∎ figurative the committee wanted to take the matter further le comité voulait mener l'affaire plus loin;∎ the devil take it! que le diable l'emporte!;∎ you can't take it with you (money when you die) tu ne l'emporteras pas avec toi dans la tombe∎ her father takes her to school son père l'emmène à l'école;∎ could you take me home? pourriez-vous me ramener ou me raccompagner?;∎ to take sb across the road faire traverser la rue à qn;∎ may I take you to dinner? puis-je vous inviter à dîner ou vous emmener dîner?;∎ he offered to take them to work in the car il leur a proposé de les emmener au bureau en voiture ou de les conduire au bureau;∎ to take oneself to bed aller se coucher;∎ please take me with you emmène-moi, s'il te plaît;∎ humorous I can't take you anywhere tu n'es pas sortable;∎ the estate agent took them over the house l'agent immobilier leur a fait visiter la maison;∎ he took her round the museum il lui a fait visiter le musée;∎ she used to take me along to meetings (avant,) elle m'emmenait aux réunions;∎ this road will take you to the station cette route vous mènera ou vous conduira à la gare;∎ I don't want to take you out of your way je ne veux pas vous faire faire un détour;∎ her job took her all over Africa son travail l'a fait voyager dans toute l'Afrique;∎ that's what first took me to Portugal c'est ce qui m'a amené au Portugal;∎ whatever took him there? qu'allait-il faire là-bas?;∎ the record took her to number one in the charts le disque lui a permis d'être première au hit-parade∎ she took a handkerchief from her pocket elle a sorti un mouchoir de sa poche;∎ I took a chocolate from the box j'ai pris un chocolat dans la boîte;∎ take a book from the shelf prenez un livre sur l'étagère;∎ take your feet off the table enlève tes pieds de la table;∎ he took the saucepan off the heat il a ôté ou retiré la casserole du feu(d) (appropriate, steal) prendre, voler;∎ to take sth from sb prendre qch à qn;∎ someone's taken my wallet on a pris mon portefeuille;∎ his article is taken directly from my book le texte de son article est tiré directement de mon livre(e) (draw, derive) prendre, tirer;∎ a passage taken from a book un passage extrait d'un livre;∎ a phrase taken from Latin une expression empruntée au latin;∎ the title is taken from the Bible le titre vient de la Bible;∎ to take a print from a negative tirer une épreuve d'un négatifC.(a) (of bus, car, train etc) conduire, transporter;∎ the ambulance took him to hospital l'ambulance l'a transporté à l'hôpital;∎ this bus will take you to the theatre ce bus vous conduira au théâtre;∎ will this train take me to Cambridge? est-ce que ce train va à ou passe par Cambridge?∎ American take a right prenez à droiteD.∎ she took a quick look at him elle a jeté un rapide coup d'œil sur lui;∎ he took a flying leap il a bondi;∎ to take a photo or a picture prendre une photo;∎ she took his picture or a picture of him elle l'a pris en photo;∎ we had our picture taken nous nous sommes fait photographier ou prendre en photo;∎ familiar he takes a good photo (is photogenic) il est photogénique□(c) (receive, get) recevoir; (earn, win → prize) remporter, obtenir; (→ degree, diploma) obtenir, avoir;∎ he took the blow on his arm il a pris le coup sur le bras;∎ you can take the call in my office vous pouvez prendre l'appel dans mon bureau;∎ the bookstore takes about $3,000 a day la librairie fait à peu près 3000 dollars (de recette) par jour;∎ how much does he take home a month? quel est son salaire mensuel net?;∎ Cards we took all the tricks nous avons fait toutes les levées;∎ their team took the match leur équipe a gagné ou remporté le matchE.(a) (assume, undertake) prendre;∎ to take the blame for sth prendre la responsabilité de qch;∎ you'll have to take the consequences c'est vous qui en subirez les conséquences;∎ she takes all the credit for our success elle s'attribue tout le mérite de notre réussite;∎ I take responsibility for their safety je me charge de leur sécurité;∎ to take the part of Hamlet jouer (le rôle d')Hamlet∎ he took my side in the argument il a pris parti pour moi dans la dispute;∎ the boy took an oath or a vow to avenge his family le garçon a fait serment ou a juré de venger sa famille;∎ American to take the Fifth (Amendment) invoquer le Cinquième Amendement (pour refuser de répondre)∎ may I take the liberty of inviting you to dinner? puis-je me permettre de vous inviter à dîner?;∎ he took the opportunity to thank them or of thanking them il a profité de l'occasion pour les remercierF.∎ the doctor only takes private patients le docteur ne prend pas les patients du service public;∎ the owner won't take less than $100 for it le propriétaire en veut au moins 100 dollars;∎ does this machine take pound coins? cette machine accepte-t-elle les pièces d'une livre?;∎ to take a bribe se laisser acheter ou corrompre;∎ you'll have to take me as I am il faut me prendre comme je suis;∎ take things as they come prenez les choses comme elles viennent;∎ I won't take "no" for an answer pas question de refuser;∎ it's my last offer, (you can) take it or leave it c'est ma dernière offre, c'est à prendre ou à laisser;∎ I'll take it from here je prends la suite;∎ I'll take it from there je verrai à ce moment-là(b) (accept as valid) croire;∎ to take sb's advice suivre les conseils de qn;∎ take it from me, he's a crook croyez-moi, c'est un escroc∎ let's take things one at a time prenons les choses une par une;∎ the mayor took their questions calmly le maire a entendu leurs questions avec calme;∎ how did she take the questioning? comment a-t-elle réagi à ou pris l'interrogatoire?;∎ they took the news well or in their stride ils ont plutôt bien pris la nouvelle;∎ to take sth badly prendre mal qch;∎ familiar to take things easy or it easy se la couler douce;∎ familiar take it easy! (don't get angry) du calme!□∎ don't take any nonsense! ne te laisse pas faire!;∎ your father won't take any nonsense ton père ne plaisante pas avec ce genre de choses;∎ she can take it elle tiendra le coup;∎ esp American I'm not taking any! je ne marche pas!;∎ we couldn't take any more on n'en pouvait plus;∎ I can't take much more of this je commence à en avoir assez, je ne vais pas supporter cela bien longtemps;∎ I find his constant sarcasm rather hard to take je trouve ses sarcasmes perpétuels difficiles à supporter;∎ don't expect me to take this lying down ne comptez pas sur moi pour accepter ça sans rien dire;∎ those shoes have taken a lot of punishment ces chaussures en ont vu de toutes les couleurs;∎ to take heavy loads (crane, engine etc) supporter de lourdes charges;∎ it won't take your weight ça ne supportera pas ton poids(e) (experience, feel)∎ to take fright prendre peur;∎ to take an interest in sb/sth s'intéresser à qn/qch;∎ don't take offence ne vous vexez pas, ne vous offensez pas;∎ no offence taken il n'y a pas de mal;∎ we take pleasure in travelling nous prenons plaisir à voyager;∎ she takes pride in her work elle est fière de ce qu'elle fait;∎ to take pride in one's appearance prendre soin de sa personneG.(a) (consider, look at) prendre, considérer;∎ take Einstein (for example) prenons (l'exemple d')Einstein;∎ take the case of Colombia prenons le cas de la Colombie;∎ taking everything into consideration tout bien considéré;∎ to take sb/sth seriously prendre qn/qch au sérieux∎ do you take me for an idiot? vous me prenez pour un idiot?;∎ what do you take me for? pour qui me prenez-vous?;∎ I took you for an Englishman je vous croyais anglais;∎ he took me for somebody else il m'a pris pour quelqu'un d'autre;∎ to take the news as or to be true tenir la nouvelle pour vraie;∎ how old do you take her to be? quel âge est-ce que tu lui donnes?(c) (suppose, presume) supposer, présumer;∎ he's never been to Madrid, I take it si je comprends bien, il n'a jamais été à Madrid;∎ I take it you're his mother je suppose que vous êtes sa mère(d) (interpret, understand) prendre, comprendre;∎ we never know how to take his jokes on ne sait jamais comment prendre ses plaisanteries;∎ don't take that literally ne le prenez pas au pied de la lettre;∎ he was slow to take my meaning il lui a fallu un moment avant de comprendre ce que je voulais direH.∎ how long will it take to get there? combien de temps faudra-t-il pour y aller?;∎ the flight takes three hours le vol dure trois heures;∎ it will take you ten minutes vous en avez pour dix minutes;∎ it took him a minute to understand il a mis une minute avant de comprendre;∎ it took us longer than I expected cela nous a pris plus de temps que je ne pensais;∎ it takes time to learn a language il faut du temps pour apprendre une langue;∎ what kind of batteries does it take? quelle sorte de piles faut-il?;∎ my car takes unleaded ma voiture roule au sans-plomb;∎ he took a bit of coaxing before he accepted il a fallu le pousser un peu pour qu'il accepte;∎ it took four people to stop the brawl ils ont dû se mettre à quatre pour arrêter la bagarre;∎ it takes a clever man to do that bien malin ou habile qui peut le faire;∎ it takes courage to admit one's mistakes il faut du courage pour admettre ses erreurs;∎ it takes patience to work with children il faut de la patience ou il faut être patient pour travailler avec les enfants;∎ one glance was all it took un regard a suffi;∎ the job took some doing la tâche n'a pas été facile;∎ that will take some explaining voilà qui va demander des explications;∎ her story takes some believing son histoire n'est pas facile à croire;∎ to have what it takes to do/to be sth avoir les qualités nécessaires pour faire/être qch;∎ we need someone with leadership qualities - she has what it takes il nous faut quelqu'un qui ait des qualités de dirigeant - ce n'est pas ce qui lui manque;∎ familiar he's so lazy - it takes one to know one! il est vraiment paresseux - tu peux parler!∎ "falloir" takes the subjunctive "falloir" est suivi du subjonctif;∎ noun that takes an "s" in the plural nom qui prend un "s" au plurielI.(a) (food, drink etc) prendre;∎ do you take milk in your coffee? prenez-vous du lait dans votre café?;∎ how do you take your coffee? qu'est-ce que tu prends dans ton café?;∎ I invited him to take tea je l'ai invité à prendre le thé;∎ she refused to take any food elle a refusé de manger (quoi que ce soit);∎ to take drugs se droguer;∎ how many pills has he taken? combien de comprimés a-t-il pris ou absorbé?;∎ not to be taken internally (on packaging) (à) usage externe;∎ to be taken twice a day (on packaging) à prendre deux fois par jour;∎ to take the air prendre l'air∎ she takes a size 10 elle prend du 38;∎ what size shoe do you take? quelle est votre pointure?∎ I'll take it je le prends;∎ what newspaper do you take? quel journal prenez-vous?;∎ take your partners (at dance) invitez vos partenaires(d) (occupy → chair, seat) prendre, s'asseoir sur;∎ take a seat asseyez-vous;∎ take your seats! prenez vos places!;∎ is this seat taken? cette place est-elle occupée ou prise?(e) (hold → of container, building etc) contenir, avoir une capacité de;∎ this bus takes fifty passengers c'est un car de cinquante places(f) (ascertain, find out) prendre;∎ to take sb's pulse/temperature prendre le pouls/la température de qn;∎ to take a reading from a meter lire ou relever un compteur(g) (write down → notes, letter) prendre;∎ he took a note of her address il a noté son adresse(h) (subtract) soustraire, déduire;∎ they took 10 percent off the price ils ont baissé le prix de 10 pour cent;∎ take 4 from 9 and you have 5 ôtez 4 de 9, il reste 5∎ I took Latin and Greek at A level ≃ j'ai pris latin et grec au bac;∎ she took her degree last year elle a obtenu son diplôme l'an dernier;∎ she takes us for maths on l'a en maths∎ to take a service célébrer un office;∎ the assistant director took the rehearsals l'assistant réalisateur s'est occupé des répétitions(k) (contract, develop)∎ to take a chill, to take cold prendre froid;∎ to take sick, to be taken ill tomber malade;∎ I was taken with a fit of the giggles j'ai été pris d'un fou rire;∎ she took an instant dislike to him elle l'a tout de suite pris en aversion(l) (direct, aim)∎ she took a swipe at him elle a voulu le gifler;∎ Football to take a penalty tirer un penalty∎ she takes all her problems to her sister elle raconte tous ses problèmes à sa sœur;∎ he took the matter to his boss il a soumis la question à son patron;∎ Law they intend to take the case to the High Court ils ont l'intention d'en appeler à la Cour suprême∎ he took an axe to the door il a donné des coups de hache dans la porte;∎ take the scissors to it vas-y avec les ciseaux;∎ his father took a stick to him son père lui a donné des coups de bâton;∎ Law they took legal proceedings against him ils lui ont intenté un procès(o) (catch unawares) prendre, surprendre;∎ to take sb by surprise or off guard surprendre qn, prendre qn au dépourvu;∎ his death took us by surprise sa mort nous a surpris∎ they took him for every penny (he was worth) ils lui ont pris jusqu'à son dernier sou(a) (work, have desired effect) prendre;∎ did the dye take? est-ce que la teinture a pris?;∎ it was too cold for the seeds to take il faisait trop froid pour que les graines germent(b) (become popular) prendre, avoir du succès3 noun(b) Cinema, Photography & Television prise f de vue; Radio enregistrement m, prise f de son; (of record etc) enregistrement m∎ what's your take on her attitude? comment est-ce que tu interprètes son attitude?∎ to be on the take toucher des pots-de-vin□, palper(astonish) étonner, ébahir; (disconcert) déconcerter;∎ her question took him aback sa question l'a déconcerté;∎ I was taken aback by the news la nouvelle m'a beaucoup surprisressembler à, tenir de;∎ she takes after her mother in looks physiquement, elle tient de sa mère(a) (dismantle) démonter;∎ figurative they took the room apart looking for evidence ils ont mis la pièce sens dessus dessous pour trouver des preuves(b) (criticize) critiquerprendre à part, emmener à l'écart;∎ the boss took her aside for a chat le patron l'a prise à part pour discuter∎ take that knife away from him enlevez-lui ce couteau;∎ they took away his pension ils lui ont retiré sa pension;∎ they took their daughter away from the club ils ont retiré leur fille du club;∎ his work took him away from his family for long periods son travail le tenait éloigné de sa famille pendant de longues périodes;∎ euphemism the police took his father away son père a été arrêté par la police;∎ it takes away the fun ça gâche tout∎ not to be taken away (in library) à consulter sur place(c) Mathematics soustraire, retrancher;∎ nine take away six is three neuf moins six font trois∎ that doesn't take away from his achievements as an athlete ça n'enlève rien à ses exploits d'athlète;∎ to take away from the pleasure/value of sth diminuer le plaisir/la valeur de qch(a) (after absence, departure) reprendre;∎ she took her husband back elle a accepté que son mari revienne vivre avec elle;∎ the factory took back the workers l'usine a repris les ouvriers(b) (gift, unsold goods, sale item etc) reprendre∎ take it back to the shop rapporte-le au magasin;∎ he took her back home il l'a raccompagnée ou ramenée chez elle(d) (retract, withdraw) retirer, reprendre;∎ I take back everything I said je retire tout ce que j'ai dit;∎ all right, I take it back! d'accord, je n'ai rien dit!∎ that takes me back to my childhood ça me rappelle mon enfance;∎ that song takes me back forty years cette chanson me ramène quarante ans en arrière;∎ it takes you back a bit, doesn't it? ça ne nous rajeunit pas tout ça, hein?(f) Typography transférer à la ligne précédente∎ the lift took us down to the 4th floor l'ascenseur nous a amenés au 4ème étage∎ she took the book down from the shelf elle a pris le livre sur l'étagère;∎ can you help me take the curtains down? peux-tu m'aider à décrocher les rideaux?;∎ she took his picture down from the wall elle a enlevé sa photo du mur;∎ he took his trousers down il a baissé son pantalon∎ he took down the registration number il a relevé le numéro d'immatriculation;∎ to take down a letter in shorthand prendre une lettre en sténo(d) (dismantle → scaffolding, circus tent) démonterse démonter(b) (bring into one's home → person) héberger; (→ boarder) prendre; (→ orphan, stray animal) recueillir;∎ she takes in ironing elle fait du repassage à domicile∎ the police took him in la police l'a mis ou placé en garde à vue(d) (air, water, food etc)∎ she can only take in food intravenously on ne peut la nourrir que par intraveineuse;∎ whales take in air through their blowhole les baleines respirent par l'évent(e) (understand, perceive) saisir, comprendre;∎ he was sitting taking it all in il était là, assis, écoutant tout ce qui se disait;∎ he didn't take in the real implications of her announcement il n'a pas saisi les véritables implications de sa déclaration;∎ I can't take in the fact that I've won je n'arrive pas à croire que j'ai gagné;∎ she took in the situation at a glance elle a compris la situation en un clin d'œil∎ you'd better take in the slack on the rope tu ferais bien de tendre ou retendre la corde;∎ Nautical to take in a sail carguer ou serrer une voile∎ the tour takes in all the important towns l'excursion passe par toutes les villes importantes(h) (attend, go to) aller à;∎ to take in a show aller au théâtre;∎ she took in the castle while in Blois elle a visité le château pendant qu'elle était à Blois;∎ they took in the sights in Rome ils ont fait le tour des sites touristiques à Rome∎ don't be taken in by him ne vous laissez pas rouler par lui;∎ I'm not going to be taken in by your lies je ne suis pas dupe de tes mensonges□ ;∎ he was completely taken in il marchait complètement➲ take off(a) (remove → clothing, lid, make-up, tag) enlever;∎ the boy took his clothes off le garçon a enlevé ses vêtements ou s'est déshabillé;∎ she took her glasses off elle a enlevé ses lunettes;∎ he often takes the phone off the hook il laisse souvent le téléphone décroché;∎ to take sb off a list rayer qn d'une liste;∎ the surgeon had to take her leg off le chirurgien a dû l'amputer de la jambe;∎ Cars to take off the brake desserrer le frein (à main);∎ figurative he didn't take his eyes off her all night il ne l'a pas quittée des yeux de la soirée;∎ I tried to take her mind off her troubles j'ai essayé de lui changer les idées ou de la distraire de ses ennuis;∎ familiar his retirement has taken ten years off him sa retraite l'a rajeuni de dix ans□ ;∎ to take sth off sb's hands débarrasser qn de qch;∎ I'll take the baby off your hands for a few hours je vais garder le bébé pendant quelques heures, ça te libérera∎ the teacher took one point off her grade le professeur lui a retiré un point;∎ the manager took 10 percent off the price le directeur a baissé le prix de 10 pour cent(c) (lead away) emmener;∎ she was taken off to hospital on l'a transportée à l'hôpital;∎ the murderer was taken off to jail on a emmené l'assassin en prison;∎ her friend took her off to dinner son ami l'a emmenée dîner;∎ she took herself off to Italy elle est partie en Italie;∎ to take the passengers off (by boat from a ship) débarquer les passagers;∎ the injured man was taken off the ship by helicopter le blessé a été évacué du bateau par hélicoptère∎ to take some time off prendre un congé;∎ take a few days off prenez quelques jours de vacances ou de congé;∎ she takes Thursdays off elle ne travaille pas le jeudi(a) (aeroplane) décoller;∎ they took off for or to Heathrow ils se sont envolés pour Heathrow∎ he took off without telling us il est parti sans nous avertir➲ take on(a) (accept, undertake) prendre, accepter;∎ to take on the responsibility for sth se charger de qch;∎ don't take on more than you can handle ne vous surchargez pas;∎ she took it on herself to tell him elle a pris sur elle de le lui dire;∎ to take on a bet accepter un pari∎ the unions took on the government les syndicats se sont attaqués ou s'en sont pris au gouvernement;∎ I shouldn't like to take him on je n'aimerais pas avoir affaire à lui;∎ he took us on at poker il nous a défiés au poker(c) (acquire, assume) prendre, revêtir;∎ her face took on a worried look elle a pris un air inquiet;∎ the word takes on another meaning le mot prend une autre significationfamiliar (fret, carry on) s'en faire;∎ don't take on so! ne t'en fais pas!∎ take the cheese out of the refrigerator sors le fromage du réfrigérateur;∎ he took the knife out of his pocket il a sorti le couteau de sa poche;∎ take your hands out of your pockets enlève les mains de tes poches;∎ they took their children out of school ils ont retiré leurs enfants de l'école;∎ Medicine to take out sb's appendix/tonsils enlever l'appendice/les amygdales à qn;∎ figurative to take the food out of sb's mouth retirer le pain de la bouche de qn∎ to take sb out to dinner/to the movies emmener qn dîner/au cinéma;∎ I took her out for a bike ride je l'ai emmenée faire un tour à vélo;∎ would you take the dog out? tu veux bien sortir le chien ou aller promener le chien?(d) (obtain → subscription) prendre; (→ insurance policy) souscrire à, prendre; (→ licence) se procurer; (→ patent) prendre;∎ to take out a mortgage faire un emprunt immobilier∎ to take sb out (kill) buter qn, zigouiller qn, refroidir qn;∎ the planes took the factory out by bombing les avions ont détruit l'usine (en la bombardant)∎ to take out one's partner changer la couleur annoncée par son partenaire∎ to take sb out of himself/herself changer les idées à qn;∎ familiar working as an interpreter takes a lot out of you le travail d'interprète est épuisant□ ;∎ familiar the operation really took it out of him l'opération l'a mis à plat;∎ familiar it takes the fun out of it ça gâche tout□ ;∎ familiar to take it out on sb s'en prendre à qn□ ;∎ familiar he took his anger out on his wife il a passé sa colère sur sa femme□ ;∎ familiar don't take it out on me! ne t'en prends pas à moi!□(a) (assume responsibility of) reprendre;∎ he wants his daughter to take over the business il veut que sa fille reprenne l'affaire;∎ she took over my classes elle a pris la suite de mes cours;∎ will you be taking over his job? est-ce que vous allez le remplacer (dans ses fonctions)?(b) (gain control of, invade) s'emparer de;∎ the military took over the country l'armée a pris le pouvoir;∎ she takes the place over (by being bossy etc) elle joue les despotes;∎ fast-food restaurants have taken over Paris les fast-foods ou French Canadian restaurants-minute ont envahi Paris∎ they were taken over by a Japanese firm ils ont été rachetés par une entreprise japonaise∎ I'll take you over by car je vais vous y conduire en voiture;∎ the boat took us over to Seattle le bateau nous a emmenés jusqu'à Seattle(e) Typography transférer à la ligne suivante∎ who will take over now that the mayor has stepped down? qui va prendre la relève maintenant que le maire a donné sa démission?;∎ I'll take over when he leaves je le remplacerai quand il partira;∎ will he allow her to take over? va-t-il lui céder la place?;∎ compact discs have taken over from records le (disque) compact a remplacé le (disque) vinyle(b) (army, dictator) prendre le pouvoir(a) (have a liking for → person) se prendre d'amitié ou de sympathie pour, prendre en amitié; (→ activity, game) prendre goût à;∎ I think he took to you je crois que vous lui avez plu;∎ we took to one another at once nous avons tout de suite sympathisé;∎ she didn't take to him il ne lui a pas plu;∎ we've really taken to golf nous avons vraiment pris goût au golf(b) (acquire as a habit) se mettre à;∎ to take to drink or to the bottle se mettre à boire;∎ to take to doing sth se mettre à faire qch;∎ she took to wearing black elle s'est mise à s'habiller en noir(c) (make for, head for)∎ he's taken to his bed with the flu il est alité avec la grippe;∎ the rebels took to the hills les insurgés se sont réfugiés dans les collines;∎ they took to the woods ils se sont enfuis dans les bois;∎ to take to the road prendre la route;∎ to take to the boats monter dans les canots de sauvetage➲ take up∎ the lift took us up to the 25th floor l'ascenseur nous a amenés au 25ème étage(b) (pick up → object) ramasser, prendre; (→ passenger) prendre; (→ paving stones, railway tracks) enlever;∎ she took up the notes from the table elle a ramassé ou pris les notes sur la table;∎ they're taking up the street la rue est en travaux;∎ we finally took up the carpet nous avons enfin enlevé la moquette∎ you'd better take up the slack in that rope tu ferais mieux de retendre ou tendre cette corde∎ this table takes up too much room cette table prend trop de place ou est trop encombrante;∎ moving house took up the whole day le déménagement a pris toute la journée;∎ her work takes up all her attention son travail l'absorbe complètement(f) (begin, become interested in → activity, hobby) se mettre à; (→ job) prendre; (→ career) commencer, embrasser;∎ when did you take up Greek? quand est-ce que tu t'es mis au grec?;∎ I've taken up gardening je me suis mis au jardinage(g) (continue, resume) reprendre, continuer;∎ I took up the tale where Susan had left off j'ai repris l'histoire là où Susan l'avait laissée;∎ she took up her knitting again elle a repris son tricot(h) (adopt → attitude) prendre, adopter; (→ method) adopter; (→ place, position) prendre; (→ idea) adopter;∎ they took up residence in town ils se sont installés en ville;∎ to take up one's duties entrer en fonctions∎ take it up with the boss parlez-en au patron(k) (shares, stock) souscrire àreprendre, continuer∎ he took it upon himself to organize the meeting il s'est chargé d'organiser la réunion(a) (accept offer, advice of)∎ his daughter took him up on his advice sa fille a suivi ses conseils;∎ he might take you up on that someday! il risque de vous prendre au mot un jour!;∎ she took him up on his promise elle a mis sa parole à l'épreuve∎ I'd like to take you up on that point j'aimerais revenir sur ce point avec vous∎ to take up with sb se lier d'amitié avec qn, prendre qn en amitié;∎ she took up with a bad crowd elle s'est mise à fréquenter des vauriens∎ to be taken up with doing sth être occupé à faire qch;∎ she's very taken up with him elle ne pense qu'à lui;∎ she's taken up with her business elle est très prise par ses affaires;∎ meetings were taken up with talk about the economy on passait les réunions à parler de l'économieⓘ Take me to your leader Il s'agit de la formule prononcée par les extra-terrestres fraîchement débarqués sur terre dans les vieux films de science-fiction et adressée au premier terrien rencontré. On emploie cette phrase ("menez-moi jusqu'à votre chef") de façon humoristique lorsque, dans une situation donnée, on désire parler au responsable. -
87 building
building ['bɪldɪŋ]1 noun∎ building is due to start on Monday les travaux de construction doivent commencer lundiBuilding industry building contractor entrepreneur m (en bâtiment ou construction);building industry (industrie f du) bâtiment m;buildings insurance assurance f habitation;American building permit permis m de construire;building plot terrain m à bâtir;building site chantier m (de construction);Finance building society passbook livret m d'épargne logement;building trade (industrie f du) bâtiment m;building worker ouvrier(ère) m,f du bâtimentⓘ BUILDING SOCIETY Les "building societies" fonctionnent comme des banques mais elles n'ont pas de système de compensation. Établissements consentant des prêts immobiliers aux particuliers, elles jouent un rôle important dans la vie en Grande-Bretagne. Au cours des dernières années, de nombreuses "building societies" ont abandonné leur statut de sociétés mutuelles pour devenir des banques cotées en Bourse. -
88 Scheutz, George
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 23 September 1785 Jonkoping, Swedend. 27 May 1873 Stockholm, Sweden[br]Swedish lawyer, journalist and self-taught engineer who, with his son Edvard Raphael Scheutz (b. 13 September 1821 Stockholm, Sweden; d. 28 January 1881 Stockholm, Sweden) constructed a version of the Babbage Difference Engine.[br]After early education at the Jonkoping elementary school and the Weixo Gymnasium, George Scheutz entered the University of Lund, gaining a degree in law in 1805. Following five years' legal work, he moved to Stockholm in 1811 to work at the Supreme Court and, in 1814, as a military auditor. In 1816, he resigned, bought a printing business and became editor of a succession of industrial and technical journals, during which time he made inventions relating to the press. It was in 1830 that he learned from the Edinburgh Review of Babbage's ideas for a difference engine and started to make one from wood, pasteboard and wire. In 1837 his 15-yearold student son, Edvard Raphael Scheutz, offered to make it in metal, and by 1840 they had a working machine with two five-digit registers, which they increased the following year and then added a printer. Obtaining a government grant in 1851, by 1853 they had a fully working machine, now known as Swedish Difference Engine No. 1, which with an experienced operator could generate 120 lines of tables per hour and was used to calculate the logarithms of the numbers 1 to 10,000 in under eighty hours. This was exhibited in London and then at the Paris Great Exhibition, where it won the Gold Medal. It was subsequently sold to the Dudley Observatory in Albany, New York, for US$5,000 and is now in a Chicago museum.In England, the British Registrar-General, wishing to produce new tables for insurance companies, and supported by the Astronomer Royal, arranged for government finance for construction of a second machine (Swedish Difference Engine No. 2). Comprising over 1,000 working parts and weighing 1,000 lb (450 kg), this machine was used to calculate over 600 tables. It is now in the Science Museum.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, Paris Exhibition Medal of Honour (jointly with Edvard) 1856. Annual pension of 1,200 marks per annum awarded by King Carl XV 1860.Bibliography1825, "Kranpunpar. George Scheutz's patent of 14 Nov 1825", Journal for Manufacturer och Hushallning 8.1855, with E.S.Scheutz, Machine à calcul qui présente les résultats en les imprimantellemême, Stockholm.Further ReadingR.C.Archibald, 1947, "P.G.Scheutz, publicist, author, scientific mechanic and Edvard Scheutz, engineer. Biography and Bibliography", MTAC 238.U.C.Merzbach, 1977, "George Scheutz and the first printing calculator", SmithsonianStudies in History and Technology 36:73.M.Lindgren, 1990, Glory and Failure (the Difference Engines of Johan Muller, Charles Babbage and George \& Edvard Scheutz), Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.KF -
89 charge
1. сущ.1) общ. нагрузка, загрузка2)а) общ. обязанности, ответственность; руководствоCOMBS:
to be in charge of smth. — отвечать за что-л.
He is in charge of recruitment. — Он отвечает за набор персонала.
No one is in charge of council spending. — Никто не отвечает за расходы совета.
She was put in charge of the council reorganization. — Ее назначили руководить процессом реорганизации совета.
to take charge of smth. — заботиться о чем-л., контролировать что-л.
See:б) общ. забота, попечение; надзор, наблюдение (за кем-л.); хранение (какого-л. имущества)COMBS:
Mary was put in charge of the child. — Мери поручили присматривать за ребенком.
3)а) общ. подопечныйyoung charges — дети на попечении (кого-л.)
See:б) религ. паства4)а) общ. указание, предписание; приказ; наказSyn:command 1. 1) а), injunction 1. 1) а)б) юр. напутствие судьи присяжным5)ATTRIBUTES:
additional charge, extra charge — дополнительная плата, надбавка
annual charge — годовая плата, годовой сбор
hourly charge — часовая плата, почасовая ставка
one-time charge — разовая плата, разовый сбор
minimum charge — минимальная плата, минимальный сбор
reduced charge — сниженная [пониженная\] плата
exorbitant charge — очень высокая цена, чрезмерная [непомерная\] цена; очень высокая плата
base charge — базовая плата, основная расценка
Member charge is $60. Non-member charge is $70. — Цена [плата\] для членов — $60. Цена [плата\] для лиц, не являющихся членами, — $70.
editing charge — плата за редактирование [за редакторскую обработку\] (материала)
interest charge — проценты, платежи по процентам, процентные платежи
shipping charge — плата за перевозку [транспортировку\]
COMBS:
charge(s) for (smth.) — плата за (что-л.)
There will be no charge for installation. — Установка будет осуществлена бесплатно.
at no charge, free of charge — бесплатно, даром
at a charge of $30.00 — за плату в размере $30.00
at a moderate charge — за умеренную плату, по умеренной цене
charge for/to (smb.) — плата [цена\] для (кого-л.)
The charge for students is $8. — Плата для студентов — $8.
charge per person — плата с (одного) человека, цена на (одного) человека, цена с человека
The maximum charge per day is $70. — Максимальная плата за день [в день\] составляет $70.
door charge, charge at the door, charge at the gate — плата при входе, плата на месте
The charge at the door for those not registered is $20.00. — Для незарегистрированных плата при входе составляет $20.00.
to reverse [transfer\] (the) charges — сделать звонок за счет другой стороны
to levy charges — взимать платежи, взыскивать платежи
See:accessorial charges, activity charge, additional colour charge, administrative charge 1), 2), 3), admission charge, allowable charge, bank charges, banking charges, bounced check charge, brokerage charge, broker's charge, carrying charge 2), charge for storage, charges for delivery 2), charges forward, commission charge, commodity charge, community charge, congestion charge, contingent deferred sales charge, cost of insurance charge, cover charge, customer charge, deferred sales charge, delinquency charge, delivery charge, demand charge, demurrage charge, detention charge, distribution charge 1), early redemption charge, early repayment charge, early surrender charge, effluent charge, emission charge, excess mileage charge, finance charge, fixed charge 2), freight charges, handling charges, initial charge, insufficient funds charge, landing charge 2), late charge, late payment charge, load charge, management charge 1), 2), meter charge, mortgage indemnity charge, non-sufficient funds charge, NSF charge, passenger charge, passenger facility charge, penalty charge, policy charge, port charges, position charge, postage charge, postal charge, prepayment charge, reasonable and customary charge, redemption charge, rent charge, rental charge, returned check charge, sale charge, sales charge, salvage charges, service charge, sewage charge, space charge, storage charge 1), superannuation guarantee charge, surrender charge, take-off charge, talent charge, ten-year charge, terminal charge, transaction charge, transport charge, transportation charge, usage charge, user charge, usual and customary charge, usual, customary and reasonable charge, usual, customary and reasonable charge 2), usual, customary and reasonable charge, usual, customary and reasonable chargeб) эк. затраты, расходыATTRIBUTES:
incurred charges — понесенные расходы [издержки\]; произведенные затраты
shipping charge — затраты [расходы\] на транспортировку, затраты [расходы\] по перевозке
COMBS:
Syn:See:accrued charge, carrying charge 1), charges for delivery 1), deferred charge, departmental charges, depreciation charges, distribution charge 2), extraordinary charge, landing charge 1), management charge 2), noncash charge, non-recurring charge, overhead charges, packing charges, period charges, storage charge 2), warehouse charge 1) account of chargesв) учет занесение [запись\] на счет; запись в долг, долг; дебетовая запись, запись по дебету ( счета по учету расходов)There were many charges on his estate. — У него было много долгов.
This creates a charge ( debit entry) to the account. — Это приводит к дебетовой записи по счету.
A one time charge is a charge against earnings that is unusual in nature and not expected to reoccur.
See:6) общ. атака, нападение, наступлениеto lead [make\] a charge against — идти в атаку против кого-л.
to fight off [repel\] a charge — отражать атаку [нападение\]
7)а) юр. обвинениеATTRIBUTES:
COMBS:
The minister tried to answer the Opposition charges of corruption. — Министр пытался ответить на обвинения в коррупции, выдвинутые оппозицией.
They trumped up various charges against her. — Они сфабриковали против нее целый ворох обвинений.
to bring [to make\] a charge — предъявить обвинение
to press the charges — выдвинуть обвинения; обвинить
The judge dismissed all charges. — Судья снял все обвинения.
See:б) юр., разг. обвиняемыйOne by one the "charges" were brought in and set before him. — Обвиняемых вводили одного за другим и ставили перед ним.
8) фин., банк. залог ( актива в обеспечение кредита)See:2. гл.1) общ. заряжать (оружие, аккумулятор и т. д.)2)а) общ. нагружать, загружать (уголь в топку и т. п.)б) общ. насыщать, наполнять (напр., воду минеральными веществами, воздух парами и т. д.)в) общ. заполнять, наполнять; пронизывать; обременять3) общ. поручать, давать поручение, возлагать (ответственность и т. п.)They charged him with the job of finding a new meeting place. — Они поручили ему найти новое место для собраний.
The committee is charged with the task of examining witnesses. — Комитету было дано задание проверить доказательства.
party to be charged — сторона, обязанная по договору
4)а) общ. указывать, предписывать; приказывать, требоватьI charge you not to go. — Я требую, чтобы вы остались.
б) юр. напутствовать присяжных ( о судье)в) религ. наставлять паству5) эк. назначать [запрашивать, просить\] цену ( на товар или услугу), взимать платуThey charged us ten dollars for it. — Они взяли с нас за это десять долларов.
6)а) эк. записывать в долг [на счет\]to charge smth. on smb. — взимать, взыскивать
Charge the goods against [to\] my account. — Запишите эти вещи на мой счет.
б) учет дебетовать счет ( сделать дебетовую запись на счете)The journal entry will charge ( debit) your operating account (the funding source) and credit your capital equipment account. — Эта бухгалтерская проводка приведет к дебетовой записи по счету источников финансирования и к кредитовой записи по счету капитального оборудования.
See:7)а) общ. порицать, осуждать; обвинятьThey charge him with armed robbery. — Его обвиняют в вооруженном ограблении.
Opposition charged the Minister with acting too slowly. — Оппозиция осудила медлительность министра.
б) общ. возлагать ответственность, приписыватьto charge smb's failure to negligence — приписать чей-л. провал халатности
* * *
noun 1) плата, денежный сбор; 2) залог активов для получения кредита (конкретного актива или всех активов компании); 3) расход; 4) комиссия за услуги. v 1) дебетовать счет; 2) сделать дебитовую запись; 3) купить в кредит по счету у продавца.* * *долговое обязательство; залог; обеспечение; обременение; начисление; сбор; плата. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
90 loan
1. сущ.1)а) фин. заем, ссуда, кредит (сумма денег или имущество, предоставленные кредитором на срок или до востребования за определенную плату заемщику для использования в тех или иных целях)to extend [provide\] a loan — предоставлять кредит
to redeem a loan — погасить [выплатить\] заем
low interest loan — ссуда с низкой процентной ставкой, ссуда под низкий процент
proceeds from [of\] loans — поступления от займов
loan secured on a property — ссуда [заем\] под залог имущества; заем, обеспеченный залогом имущества
purpose of loan — цель кредита, целевое назначение кредита
Syn:See:acquisition loan, alternative loan, alternative mortgage loan, amortizing loan, Anglo-American loan, asset conversion loan, asset-based loan, automatic premium loan, back-to-back loan, bad loan, balloon loan, bow-tie loan, bridging loan, broker loan, broker's loan, bullet loan, buy-to-let loan, capital investment loan, collateral loan, commercial and industrial loan, concessional loan, conforming loan, consolidation loan, constant payment loan, construction loan, consumer loan, contractor loan, contractor loan, co-signed loan, demand loan, direct loan, discount loan, doubtful loan, education loan, farm loan, fixed-rate loan, GI loan, high-ratio loan, home extension loan, home loan, hybrid loan, income property loan, indexed loan, indirect loan, insured loan, interbank loan, interest-only loan, inventory loan, junior loan, let-to-buy loan, lombard loan, non-performing loan, pension loan, plan loan, policy loan, predatory loan, premium finance loan, project loan, recourse loan, reduction-option loan, savings account loan, secured loan, self-liquidating loan, signature loan, soft loan, sovereign loan, Stafford loan, straight loan, student loan, sub-prime loan, syndicated loan, term loan, tied loan, unsecured loan, variable-rate loan, veterans loan, viatical loan, zero interest loan, loan balance, loan broker, loan insurance, loan loss, loan market, loan-to-value ratio, Investment Sector Loan Program, lender, borrowerб) общ. (что-л., взятое во временное пользование)to have the loan of smth., to have smth. on loan — получить что-л. взаймы [во временное пользование\]
to be on loan to smb — быть отданным во временное пользование кому-л.
If a book is on loan to another reader you can place a hold on it for yourself using the library on-line catalogue. — Если книга выдана другому читателю, вы можете заказать ее с помощью онлайнового библиотечного каталога.
в) эк. тр. (работник, временно переведенный в другую организацию; особенно о киноактере)to be on loan to smw — быть временное командированным куда-л.
She is on loan to the Center from her job in Oklahoma. — Она временно работает в этом центре, оставив свою постоянную работу в Оклахоме.
2)а) общ. заимствование ( процесс)б) общ. книговыдача ( в библиотеке)2. гл.общ. давать взаймы, ссужать (что-л., особенно деньги)money has been loaned to city councils — деньги были отданы в качестве кредита муниципальным советам
Money which has been loaned to city councils by the central government can be repaid at a low rate of interest. — Деньги, взятые муниципальным советом у центрального правительства, возвращаются с небольшими процентами.
Syn:lend 1. 1)See:
* * *
ссуда, кредит: сумма денег (собственность), предоставленная кредитором на срок или до востребования за определенную плату (процент) заемщику для использования в тех или иных целях.* * *• /vt/ давать взаймы• заемный• ссуда* * *Кредит (заем, ссуда). кредитный договор о передаче одной стороной (займодавцем) другой стороне (заемщику) денег или вещей в оперативное управление или собственность; при этом заемщик обязуется своевременно возвратить равное количество вещей или такую же сумму денег. За кредит, предоставленный лицам, занимающимся предпринимательской деятельностью, взимаются проценты, если иное не предусмотрено договором З. Размер процентов определяется соглашением сторон с соблюдением требований к процентным ставкам по кредитам, установленным в соответствии с законодательными актами, а при отсутствии такого соглашения - в размере средней ставки банковского процента, существующей в месте нахождения кредитора. . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *Финансы/Кредит/Валютассуда, кредитсм. credit-----1. заемдоговор, по которому одна сторона передает другой стороне деньги или материальные ценности на специально оговоренных условиях2. займдоговор, по которому одна его сторона заимодавец передает в собственность или оперативное управление другой стороне заемщику деньги или имущество (вещи) с определенными признаками, а заемщик обязуется возвратить их в том же качестве-----Банки/Банковские операциидоговор, по которому одна сторона (заимодавец) передает в собственность или оперативное управление другой стороне (заемщику) деньги или вещи, а заемщик обязуется возвратить полученную сумму или вещи того же рода и качества. -
91 private
1. adjective1) (of, for, or belonging to, one person or group, not to the general public: The headmaster lives in a private apartment in the school; in my private (=personal) opinion; This information is to be kept strictly private; You shouldn't listen to private conversations.) privado2) (having no public or official position or rank: It is your duty as a private citizen to report this matter to the police.) particular
2. noun(in the army, an ordinary soldier, not an officer.) soldado raso- privacy- privately
- private enterprise
- private means
- in private
private adj privado / particulartr['praɪvət]1 (own, for own use - property, house, class) particular; (- letter, income) personal2 (confidential) privado,-a, confidencial3 (not state-controlled) privado,-a; (school) privado,-a, de pago4 (not official) privado,-a, personal5 (person) reservado,-a1 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL soldado raso\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLprivate citizen particular nombre masulino o femeninoprivate detective detective nombre masulino o femenino privado,-aprivate eye detective nombre masulino o femenino privado,-aprivate individual particular nombre masulino o femeninoprivate investigator detective nombre masulino o femenino privado,-aprivate parts euphemistic use partes nombre femenino plural pudendas, intimidades nombre femenino pluralprivate ['praɪvət] adj1) personal: privado, particularprivate property: propiedad privada2) independent: privado, independienteprivate studies: estudios privados3) secret: secreto4) secluded: aislado, privado♦ privately advprivate n: soldado m rasoadj.• confidencial adj.• excusado, -a adj.• particular adj.• privado, -a adj.• privativo, -a adj.• reservado, -a adj.• secreto, -a adj.• soldado (raso) adj.• íntimo, -a adj.
I 'praɪvət, 'praɪvɪt1)a) ( confidential) < conversation> privado; < matter> privado, confidencial; < letter> personalb)in private: she told me in private me lo dijo confidencialmente or en confianza; can we talk in private? ¿podemos hablar en privado?; what you do in private is your own affair — lo que hagas en la intimidad or en tu vida privada es cosa tuya
2)a) ( restricted)private view — ( Art) vernissage m
private hearing — ( Law) vista f a puerta cerrada
private — privado; ( on envelope) personal
b) (for own use, in own possession) <road/lesson/secretary> particular; < income> personalprivate property — propiedad f privada
a gentleman of private means — (frml) un señor que vive de las rentas
private income — rentas fpl
3)a) ( not official) <visit/correspondence> privadob) ( unconnected to the state) < school> privado, particular, de pago (Esp); < ward> reservado; < patient> particularto be in private practice — ( Med) ejercer* la medicina privada; ( in US) ( Law) ocuparse de asuntos civiles
4)a) <thoughts/doubts> íntimotime is set aside for private study — se establecen ciertas horas para que cada uno estudie por su cuenta
it's a private joke — es un chiste que los dos entendemos/entienden
b) < person> reservado
II
1) ( rank) soldado mf raso2) privates pl ( genitals) (colloq & euph) partes fpl pudendas (euf & hum), intimidades fpl (euf & hum)['praɪvɪt]1. ADJ1) (=not public) [conversation, visit, land, matter] privado; [letter, reason, opinion] personal; [language] secreto; [thoughts, grief, fantasy] íntimoit was a private wedding, the wedding was private — la boda se celebró en la intimidad
private — (on door) privado; (on envelope) confidencial
private fishing — coto m de pesca
private parking — aparcamiento m or (LAm) estacionamiento m privado
•
it's a silly private joke of ours — es un chiste tonto que solo nosotras entendemos•
to keep sth private — [+ beliefs] no hablar de algo; [+ opinions, views, doubts] guardarse algo, reservarse algohe was diagnosed with AIDS in 1994 but kept it private — en 1994 le diagnosticaron SIDA pero lo mantuvo en secreto
strictly•
I've always tried to keep my private life private — [famous person] siempre he intentado mantener mi vida privada alejada de la mirada del público; [ordinary person] siempre he intentado mantener mi vida privada fuera del alcance de los demás2) (=own, individual) [car, house, lesson, room] particular; [bank account] personal76 bedrooms, all with private bathrooms — 76 habitaciones, cada una con su baño particular
3) (=independent) [medicine, education, finance] privado; [school] privado, particular; [patient, tutor, teacher] particulara private hospital — una clínica (privada), un hospital privado or particular
to go private — [patient] ir por lo privado; [dentist, doctor] establecerse de forma privada; [company] dejar de cotizar en bolsa
4) (=secluded) [place] retiradois there somewhere we can be private? — ¿hay algún sitio donde podamos hablar en privado?
2. N1) (Mil) soldado mf rasoPrivate Jones! — ¡Jones!
2)• in private: could I talk to you in private? — ¿te puedo hablar en privado?
I have been told in private that... — me han dicho confidencialmente or en confianza que...
3) privates * euph, hum partes fpl pudendas3.CPDprivate citizen N — (Jur) particular mf
private company N — empresa f privada, compañía f privada
private detective N — detective mf privado(-a)
private enterprise N — (=industry) el sector privado; (=initiative) la iniciativa privada
new employment laws which will hamper private enterprise — nuevas leyes fpl laborales que van a dificultar el crecimiento del sector privado
private enterprise economy N — economía f capitalista, economía f de mercado
private equity fund N — fondo que invierte en compañías privadas que no cotizan en bolsa
private eye N — (US) * detective mf privado(-a)
private finance initiative N — (Brit) plan de incentivos y potenciación de la iniciativa privada en el sector público
private health care N — servicio m médico privado
private health insurance N — seguro m médico privado
private hearing N — (Jur) vista f a puertas cerradas
private hotel N — hotel m privado
private income N — rentas fpl
private individual N — (Jur) particular mf
private investigator N — investigador(a) m / f privado(-a)
private law N — derecho m privado
private life N — vida f privada
private limited company N — sociedad f limitada
private line N — (Telec) línea f particular
private means NPL — rentas fpl
private member, Private Member N — (Brit) (Parl) diputado(-a) m / f sin responsabilidades de gobierno
Private Member's Bill N — proyecto de ley presentado por un diputado a título personal
private parts NPL — euph, hum partes fpl pudendas
private patient N — paciente mf privado(-a)
private pension N — pensión f personal
private pension plan N — plan m de pensiones personal
private pension scheme N — = private pension plan
private practice N — (Med) consulta f privada
to be in private practice — (Med) ejercer la medicina de forma privada
private property N — propiedad f privada
private property rights NPL — derechos mpl de propiedad
private prosecution N — (Jur) demanda f civil
private school N — escuela f privada, escuela f particular
private secretary N — secretario(-a) m / f particular
private soldier N — soldado mf raso
private study N — (Brit) estudio m personal
private tuition N — clases fpl particulares
private view, private viewing N — visita f privada (a una exposición)
* * *
I ['praɪvət, 'praɪvɪt]1)a) ( confidential) < conversation> privado; < matter> privado, confidencial; < letter> personalb)in private: she told me in private me lo dijo confidencialmente or en confianza; can we talk in private? ¿podemos hablar en privado?; what you do in private is your own affair — lo que hagas en la intimidad or en tu vida privada es cosa tuya
2)a) ( restricted)private view — ( Art) vernissage m
private hearing — ( Law) vista f a puerta cerrada
private — privado; ( on envelope) personal
b) (for own use, in own possession) <road/lesson/secretary> particular; < income> personalprivate property — propiedad f privada
a gentleman of private means — (frml) un señor que vive de las rentas
private income — rentas fpl
3)a) ( not official) <visit/correspondence> privadob) ( unconnected to the state) < school> privado, particular, de pago (Esp); < ward> reservado; < patient> particularto be in private practice — ( Med) ejercer* la medicina privada; ( in US) ( Law) ocuparse de asuntos civiles
4)a) <thoughts/doubts> íntimotime is set aside for private study — se establecen ciertas horas para que cada uno estudie por su cuenta
it's a private joke — es un chiste que los dos entendemos/entienden
b) < person> reservado
II
1) ( rank) soldado mf raso -
92 work
wə:k
1. noun1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) trabajo2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) trabajo3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) trabajo4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) obra5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) trabajo6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) trabajo
2. verb1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) trabajar2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) trabajar, tener empleo3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funcionar4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) funcionar, dar resultados5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) progresar, desarrollar6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) volverse7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) trabajar, fabricar•- - work- workable
- worker
- works
3. noun plural1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.)2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) mecanismo•- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders
work1 n1. trabajo2. obrain work con trabajo / que tiene trabajoout of work sin trabajo / paradoto get to work / to set to work ponerse a trabajarwork2 vb1. trabajar2. funcionarhow do you work this machine? ¿cómo funciona esta máquina?tr[wɜːk]1 (gen) trabajohe put a lot of hard work into that project trabajó mucho en ese proyecto, puso mucho esfuerzo en ese proyecto2 (employment) empleo, trabajowhat sort of work do you do? ¿qué clase de trabajo haces?, ¿a qué te dedicas?what time do you leave work? ¿a qué hora sales del trabajo?3 (building work, roadworks) obras nombre femenino plural4 (product, results) trabajo, obra5 (literary etc) obra1 (person) hacer trabajar2 (machine) manejar; (mechanism) accionardo you know how to work the video? ¿sabes cómo hacer funcionar el vídeo?3 (mine, oil well) explotar; (land, fields) trabajar, cultivar4 (produce) hacer5 (wood, metal, clay) trabajar; (dough) amasar6 (make by work or effort) trabajar1 (gen) trabajarshe works hard at her homework trabaja mucho en sus deberes, pone mucho esfuerzo en sus deberes2 (machine, system) funcionarhow does this machine work? ¿cómo funciona esta máquina?3 (medicine, cleaner) surtir efecto, tener efecto; (plan) tener éxito, salir bien, funcionar, resultar4 (move)1 familiar (everything) todo, todo el tinglado\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLit's all in a/the day's work todo forma parte del trabajo, es el pan nuestro de cada díaall work and no play makes Jack a dull boy hay que divertirse de vez en cuandoit works both ways es una arma de doble filokeep up the good work! ¡que siga así!the forces at work los elementos en juegoto be in work tener trabajo, tener un empleoto be out of work estar en el paro, estar sin trabajo, estar parado,-ato get down/set to work ponerse a trabajar, poner manos a la obrato get worked up exaltarse, excitarse, ponerse nervioso,-ato give somebody the (full) works tratar a alguien a lo grandeto have one's work cut out to do something costarle a uno mucho trabajo hacer algoto make light/short work of something despachar algo deprisato work like a Trojan trabajar como un negroto work loose soltarse, aflojarseto work one's fingers to the bone dejarse los codos trabajandoto work oneself to death matarse trabajandoto work to rule hacer huelga de celopublic works obras nombre femenino plural públicaswork basket costurero, cesto de laborwork camp campamento de trabajowork experience experiencia laboralwork of art obra de artework permit permiso de trabajowork station SMALLCOMPUTING/SMALL estación nombre femenino de trabajo, terminal nombre masculino de trabajowork surface encimera1) operate: trabajar, operarto work a machine: operar una máquina2) : lograr, conseguir (algo) con esfuerzoto work one's way up: lograr subir por sus propios esfuerzos3) effect: efectuar, llevar a cabo, obrar (milagros)4) make, shape: elaborar, fabricar, formara beautifully wrought vase: un florero bellamente elaborado5)to work up : estimular, excitardon't get worked up: no te agiteswork vi1) labor: trabajarto work full-time: trabajar a tiempo completo2) function: funcionar, servirwork adj: laboralwork n1) labor: trabajo m, labor f2) employment: trabajo m, empleo m3) task: tarea f, faena f4) deed: obra f, labor fworks of charity: obras de caridad5) : obra f (de arte o literatura)6) workmanship7) works nplfactory: fábrica f8) works nplmechanism: mecanismo mv.• andar v.• elaborar v.• funcionar v.• hacer funcionar v.• hacer trabajar v.• laborear v.• labrar v.• marchar v.• obrar v.• trabajar v.adj.• laborable adj.n.• chamba s.f.• fábrica s.f.• labor s.f.• mecanismo s.m.• obra s.f.• sobrehueso s.m.• trabajar s.m.• trabajo s.m.wɜːrk, wɜːk
I
1) u (labor, tasks) trabajo mthe house needs a lot of work done o (BrE) doing to it — la casa necesita muchos arreglos
she put a lot of work into it — puso mucho esfuerzo or empeño en ello
to set to work — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra
keep up the good work — sigue (or sigan etc) así!
it's all in a day's work — es el pan nuestro de cada día
to have one's work cut out: she's going to have her work cut out to get the job done in time le va a costar terminar el trabajo a tiempo; to make short work of something: Pete made short work of the ironing Pete planchó todo rapidísimo; you made short work of that pizza! te has despachado pronto la pizza!; all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy — hay que dejar tiempo para el esparcimiento
2) u ( employment) trabajo mto look for/find work — buscar*/encontrar* trabajo
to go to work — ir* a trabajar or al trabajo
they both go out to work — (BrE) los dos trabajan (afuera)
I start/finish work at seven — entro a trabajar or al trabajo/salgo del trabajo a las siete
3) (in phrases)at work: he's at work está en el trabajo, está en la oficina (or la fábrica etc); they were hard at work estaban muy ocupados trabajando; other forces were at work intervenían otros factores, había otros factores en juego; men at work obras, hombres trabajando; in work (BrE): those in work quienes tienen trabajo; off work: she was off work for a month after the accident después del accidente estuvo un mes sin trabajar; he took a day off work se tomó un día libre; out of work: the closures will put 1,200 people out of work los cierres dejarán en la calle a 1.200 personas; to be out of work estar* sin trabajo or desocupado or desempleado or (Chi tb) cesante, estar* parado or en el paro (Esp); (before n) out-of-work — desocupado, desempleado, parado (Esp), cesante (Chi)
4)a) c (product, single item) obra fb) u ( output) trabajo mit was the work of a professional — era obra de un profesional; see also works
II
1.
1) \<\<person\>\> trabajarto get working — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra
to work hard — trabajar mucho or duro
to work AT something: you have to work at your service tiene que practicar el servicio; a relationship is something you have to work at una relación de pareja requiere cierto esfuerzo; she was working away at her accounts estaba ocupada con su contabilidad; to work FOR somebody trabajar para alguien; to work for oneself trabajar por cuenta propia; to work FOR something: fame didn't just come to me: I had to work for it la fama no me llegó del cielo, tuve que trabajar para conseguirla; he's working for his finals está estudiando or está preparándose para los exámenes finales; to work IN something: to work in marble trabajar el mármol or con mármol; to work in oils pintar al óleo, trabajar con óleos; to work ON something: he's working on his car está arreglando el coche; scientists are working on a cure los científicos están intentando encontrar una cura; she hasn't been fired yet, but she's working on it (hum) todavía no la han echado, pero parece empeñada en que lo hagan; we're working on the assumption that... partimos del supuesto de que...; the police had very little to work on la policía tenía muy pocas pistas; to work UNDER somebody — trabajar bajo la dirección de alguien
2)a) (operate, function) \<\<machine/system\>\> funcionar; \<\<drug/person\>\> actuar*to work against/in favor of somebody/something — obrar en contra/a favor de alguien/algo
it works both ways: you have to make an effort too, you know: it works both ways — tú también tienes que hacer el esfuerzo, ¿sabes? funciona igual or (esp AmL) parejo para los dos
b) ( have required effect) \<\<drug/plan/method\>\> surtir efectotry it, it might work — pruébalo, quizás resulte
these colors just don't work together — estos colores no pegan or no combinan
3) (slip, travel) (+ adv compl)his socks had worked down to his ankles — se le habían caído los calcetines; see also free I 1) c), loose I 1) b)
2.
vt1)a) ( force to work) hacer* trabajarb) ( exploit) \<\<land/soil\>\> trabajar, labrar; \<\<mine\>\> explotarc) \<\<nightclubs/casinos\>\> trabajar end) ( pay for by working)2) ( cause to operate)do you know how to work the machine? — ¿sabes manejar la máquina?
3)a) (move gradually, manipulate) (+ adv compl)to work one's way: we worked our way toward the exit nos abrimos camino hacia la salida; I worked my way through volume three logré terminar el tercer volumen; she worked her way to the top of her profession — trabajó hasta llegar a la cima de su profesión
b) (shape, fashion) \<\<clay/metal\>\> trabajar; \<\<dough\>\> sobar, amasar4)a) (past & past p worked or wrought) ( bring about) \<\<miracle\>\> hacer*; see also wrought Ib) (manage, arrange) (colloq) arreglarshe worked it so that I didn't have to pay — se las arregló or se las ingenió para que yo no tuviera que pagar
•Phrasal Verbs:- work off- work out- work up[wɜːk]1. N1) (=activity) trabajo m; (=effort) esfuerzo m•
to be at work on sth — estar trabajando sobre algo•
work has begun on the new dam — se han comenzado las obras del nuevo embalse•
it's all in a day's work — es pan de cada día•
to do one's work — hacer su trabajo•
to get some work done — hacer algo (de trabajo)•
to get on with one's work — seguir trabajando•
it's hard work — es mucho trabajo, cuesta (trabajo)•
a piece of work — un trabajo•
she's put a lot of work into it — le ha puesto grandes esfuerzos•
to make quick work of sth/sb — despachar algo/a algn con rapidez•
to set to work — ponerse a trabajar•
to make short work of sth/sb — despachar algo/a algn con rapidez•
to start work — ponerse a trabajarnasty 1., 4)to have one's work cut out —
2) (=employment, place of employment) trabajo m"work wanted" — (US) "demandas de empleo"
•
to be at work — estar trabajandoaccidents at work — accidentes mpl laborales
•
to go to work — ir a trabajar•
to be in work — tener trabajo•
she's looking for work — está buscando trabajo•
it's nice work if you can get it — es muy agradable para los que tienen esa suerte•
I'm off work for a week — tengo una semana de permiso•
to be out of work — estar desempleado or parado or en paro•
to put sb out of work — dejar a algn sin trabajo•
on her way to work — camino del trabajo3) (=product, deed) obra f; (=efforts) trabajothis is the work of a professional/madman — esto es trabajo de un profesional/loco
what do you think of his work? — ¿qué te parece su trabajo?
•
his life's work — el trabajo al que ha dedicado su vida4) (Art, Literat etc) obra f•
a literary work — una obra literaria5) works [of machine, clock etc] mecanismo msing- bung or gum up the worksspannerMinistry of Works — Ministerio m de Obras Públicas
2. VI1) (gen) trabajar; (=be in a job) tener trabajo•
he is working at his German — está dándole al alemán•
she works in a bakery — trabaja en una panaderíahe works in education/publishing — trabaja en la enseñanza/el campo editorial
he prefers to work in wood/oils — prefiere trabajar la madera/con óleos
•
to work to rule — (Ind) estar en huelga de celo•
to work towards sth — trabajar or realizar esfuerzos para conseguir algo- work like a slave or Trojan etc2) (=function) [machine, car] funcionarmy brain doesn't seem to be working today — hum mi cerebro no funciona hoy como es debido
•
it may work against us — podría sernos desfavorable•
this can work both ways — esto puede ser un arma de doble filo•
to get sth working — hacer funcionar algo•
it works off the mains — funciona con la electricidad de la red3) (=be effective) [plan] salir, marchar; [drug, medicine, spell] surtir efecto, ser eficaz; [yeast] fermentarhow long does it take to work? — ¿cuánto tiempo hace falta para que empiece a surtir efecto?
the scheme won't work — el proyecto no es práctico, esto no será factible
it won't work, I tell you! — ¡te digo que no se puede (hacer)!
4) [mouth, face, jaws] moverse, torcerse5) (=move gradually)•
to work round to a question — preparar el terreno para preguntar algowhat are you working round to? — ¿adónde va a parar todo esto?, ¿qué propósito tiene todo esto?
3. VT1) (=make work) hacer trabajarto work o.s. to death — matarse trabajando
2) (=operate)can you work it? — ¿sabes manejarlo?
3) (=achieve) [+ change] producir, motivar; [+ cure] hacer, efectuar; [+ miracle] hacerwonder 1., 2)4) (Sew) coser; (Knitting) [+ row] hacer5) (=shape) [+ dough, clay] trabajar; [+ stone, marble] tallar, grabarworked flint — piedra f tallada
6) (=exploit) [+ mine] explotar; [+ land] cultivar7) (=manoeuvre)•
to work o.s. into a rage — ponerse furioso, enfurecerse•
to work one's way along — ir avanzando poco a pocoto work one's way up a cliff — escalar poco a poco or a duras penas un precipicio
to work one's way up to the top of a company — llegar a la dirección de una compañía por sus propios esfuerzos
8) (=finance)•
to work one's passage on a ship — costearse un viaje trabajando•
to work one's way through college — costearse los estudios universitarios trabajando4.CPDwork camp N — campamento m laboral
work ethic N — ética f del trabajo
work experience N — experiencia f laboral
work force N — (=labourers) mano f de obra; (=personnel) plantilla f
work in progress N — trabajo m en proceso
work permit N — permiso m de trabajo
work prospects NPL — [of student] perspectivas fpl de trabajo
work study N — práctica f estudiantil
work surface N — = worktop
work therapy N — laborterapia f, terapia f laboral
work week N — (US) semana f laboral
- work in- work off- work on- work out- work up* * *[wɜːrk, wɜːk]
I
1) u (labor, tasks) trabajo mthe house needs a lot of work done o (BrE) doing to it — la casa necesita muchos arreglos
she put a lot of work into it — puso mucho esfuerzo or empeño en ello
to set to work — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra
keep up the good work — sigue (or sigan etc) así!
it's all in a day's work — es el pan nuestro de cada día
to have one's work cut out: she's going to have her work cut out to get the job done in time le va a costar terminar el trabajo a tiempo; to make short work of something: Pete made short work of the ironing Pete planchó todo rapidísimo; you made short work of that pizza! te has despachado pronto la pizza!; all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy — hay que dejar tiempo para el esparcimiento
2) u ( employment) trabajo mto look for/find work — buscar*/encontrar* trabajo
to go to work — ir* a trabajar or al trabajo
they both go out to work — (BrE) los dos trabajan (afuera)
I start/finish work at seven — entro a trabajar or al trabajo/salgo del trabajo a las siete
3) (in phrases)at work: he's at work está en el trabajo, está en la oficina (or la fábrica etc); they were hard at work estaban muy ocupados trabajando; other forces were at work intervenían otros factores, había otros factores en juego; men at work obras, hombres trabajando; in work (BrE): those in work quienes tienen trabajo; off work: she was off work for a month after the accident después del accidente estuvo un mes sin trabajar; he took a day off work se tomó un día libre; out of work: the closures will put 1,200 people out of work los cierres dejarán en la calle a 1.200 personas; to be out of work estar* sin trabajo or desocupado or desempleado or (Chi tb) cesante, estar* parado or en el paro (Esp); (before n) out-of-work — desocupado, desempleado, parado (Esp), cesante (Chi)
4)a) c (product, single item) obra fb) u ( output) trabajo mit was the work of a professional — era obra de un profesional; see also works
II
1.
1) \<\<person\>\> trabajarto get working — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra
to work hard — trabajar mucho or duro
to work AT something: you have to work at your service tiene que practicar el servicio; a relationship is something you have to work at una relación de pareja requiere cierto esfuerzo; she was working away at her accounts estaba ocupada con su contabilidad; to work FOR somebody trabajar para alguien; to work for oneself trabajar por cuenta propia; to work FOR something: fame didn't just come to me: I had to work for it la fama no me llegó del cielo, tuve que trabajar para conseguirla; he's working for his finals está estudiando or está preparándose para los exámenes finales; to work IN something: to work in marble trabajar el mármol or con mármol; to work in oils pintar al óleo, trabajar con óleos; to work ON something: he's working on his car está arreglando el coche; scientists are working on a cure los científicos están intentando encontrar una cura; she hasn't been fired yet, but she's working on it (hum) todavía no la han echado, pero parece empeñada en que lo hagan; we're working on the assumption that... partimos del supuesto de que...; the police had very little to work on la policía tenía muy pocas pistas; to work UNDER somebody — trabajar bajo la dirección de alguien
2)a) (operate, function) \<\<machine/system\>\> funcionar; \<\<drug/person\>\> actuar*to work against/in favor of somebody/something — obrar en contra/a favor de alguien/algo
it works both ways: you have to make an effort too, you know: it works both ways — tú también tienes que hacer el esfuerzo, ¿sabes? funciona igual or (esp AmL) parejo para los dos
b) ( have required effect) \<\<drug/plan/method\>\> surtir efectotry it, it might work — pruébalo, quizás resulte
these colors just don't work together — estos colores no pegan or no combinan
3) (slip, travel) (+ adv compl)his socks had worked down to his ankles — se le habían caído los calcetines; see also free I 1) c), loose I 1) b)
2.
vt1)a) ( force to work) hacer* trabajarb) ( exploit) \<\<land/soil\>\> trabajar, labrar; \<\<mine\>\> explotarc) \<\<nightclubs/casinos\>\> trabajar end) ( pay for by working)2) ( cause to operate)do you know how to work the machine? — ¿sabes manejar la máquina?
3)a) (move gradually, manipulate) (+ adv compl)to work one's way: we worked our way toward the exit nos abrimos camino hacia la salida; I worked my way through volume three logré terminar el tercer volumen; she worked her way to the top of her profession — trabajó hasta llegar a la cima de su profesión
b) (shape, fashion) \<\<clay/metal\>\> trabajar; \<\<dough\>\> sobar, amasar4)a) (past & past p worked or wrought) ( bring about) \<\<miracle\>\> hacer*; see also wrought Ib) (manage, arrange) (colloq) arreglarshe worked it so that I didn't have to pay — se las arregló or se las ingenió para que yo no tuviera que pagar
•Phrasal Verbs:- work off- work out- work up -
93 industry
прс. 1. промисловість; індустрія; 2. галузь; галузь промисловості; галузь економічної діяльності1. організована діяльність, яка забезпечує виробництво товарів (goods) і послуг (service¹) видобутком та переробкою сировини, виготовленням предметів споживання, матеріалів тощо; 2. окремий вид діяльності, науки, виробництва, напр. торгівля (trade), підприємництво (business²), послуги тощо═════════■═════════advertising industry рекламна галузь • рекламна індустрія; agricultural industry сільськогосподарська галузь • сільськогосподарське виробництво; aircraft industry авіаційна промисловість; airline industry авіатранспортна галузь • авіалінії; allied industryies суміжні галузі промисловості; artisan industry кустарне виробництво; automobile industry автомобільна промисловість; aviation industry авіаційна промисловість; basic industry важка промисловість • основна галузь промисловості; building industry будівельна галузь; business service industry галузь ділових послуг; capital goods industry промисловість, яка виробляє засоби виробництва; capital-intensive industry капіталомістка галузь промисловості • капіталомістка промисловість; catering industry галузь ресторанного обслуговування на замовлення; chemical industry хімічна промисловість; clothing industry швейна промисловість; coal industry вугледобувна промисловість; communication industry галузь зв'язку і комунікацій; community services industry галузь суспільних послуг; construction industry будівельна галузь; consumer industry споживча галузь; consumer goods industry промисловість, яка виробляє споживчі товари • легка промисловість; continuous process industry галузь промисловості з неперервним виробничим процесом; cottage industry надомна промисловість; dairy industry молочна промисловість; diversified industry багатогалузева промисловість; electronic industry електронна промисловість; expanding industry галузь, що розвивається; extractive industry добувна промисловість; fashion industry пошиття модного одягу; fast food industry індустрія швидкого приготування їжі; finance industry фінансова галузь; fishing industry риболовна галузь; food industry харчова промисловість; food canning industry консервна промисловість; food processing industry харчова промисловість; forest industry лісова промисловість; foundry industry ливарна промисловість; fuel-producing industry галузь паливної промисловості; gas industry газова промисловість; growth industry галузь із дедалі більшим попитом; handicraft industry галузь із використанням ручної праці • кустарне (ремісниче) виробництво; heavy industry важка промисловість; high-tech industry наукомістка галузь промисловості; hunting industry мисливство; infant industry новостворена галузь промисловості; insurance industry страхування; iron industry залізорудна промисловість; key industry провідна галузь промисловості; labour-intensive industry трудомістка галузь промисловості; leather goods industry промисловість шкіряних товарів; light industry легка промисловість; livestock industry промислове тваринництво; local industry місцева промисловість; manufacturing industry обробна промисловість; market-orientated industry комерційна галузь промисловості; metallurgical industry металургійна промисловість; metal processing industry металообробна промисловість; mining industry добувна промисловість; mixed industry суміжна галузь промисловості; oil industry нафтодобувна галузь промисловості; oil processing industry нафтопереробна галузь промисловості; packaging industry фасувальна галузь промисловості; petrochemical industry нафтохімічна промисловість; petroleum industry нафтопереробна промисловість; pharmaceutical industry фармацевтична промисловість; primary industry видобувна промисловість; private industry приватна промисловість • приватне виробництво; prosperous industry успішна галузь; public industryies державні підприємства; public administration industry галузь, що знаходиться в державному управлінні; publishing industry видавнича справа; recreation industry індустрія розваг; regional industry місцева промисловість; regulated industry регульована галузь; related industry суміжна галузь; retail trade industry галузь роздрібної торгівлі; secondary industry обробна промисловість; service industry сфера послуг; shipbuilding industry суднобудівельна промисловість; steel industry сталеливарна промисловість; storage industry складська справа; sunrise industry перспективна галузь; sunset industry неперспективна галузь; tertiary industry третинна галузь • індустрія послуг; textile industry текстильна промисловість; timber industry лісова промисловість; tobacco industry тютюнова промисловість; tourism industry галузь туризму; trade industry торговельна галузь; transport industry транспортна галузь; wholesale industry галузь оптової торгівлі; woodwork and timber industry деревообробна промисловість═════════□═════════to close down an industry закривати/закрити галузь (справу); to develop an industry розвивати/розвинути галузь; to expand an industry розвивати/розвинути галузь • збільшувати/збільшити обсяги випуску галузі; to finance an industry фінансувати галузь • фінансувати справу • фінансувати промисловість; to reorganize an industry перебудовувати/перебудувати галузь; to streamline industry упорядковувати/упорядкувати промисловість • раціоналізувати промисловість═════════◇═════════індустрія < польс. industria або нім. Industrie < фр. industrie — промисловість; промислова діяльність; промисел; майстерність; спритність < лат. industria — діяльність; старанність; працьовитість (ЕСУМ 2: 303)* * *галузь економіки; вид економічної діяльності; галузь промисловості; підприємство; галузь; промисловість -
94 broker
n фін., бірж. брокер; маклер; агент; a брокерський; маклерський окрема особа або організація, яка укладає угоди про купівлю-продаж як на фондових і товарних біржах, так і на валютних, фрахтових чи страхових ринках за дорученням клієнта (client¹); ♦ за посередницьку послугу брокера винагороджують обумовленим відсотком від вартості проданого або згідно з фіксованою сумою за кожну продану одиницю чи окрему партію товару тощо═════════■═════════accredited broker акредитований брокер; auction broker аукціонний брокер; barter broker брокер бартерних операцій • бартерний брокер • брокер, що займається бартерними операціями; bill broker вексельний брокер; blind broker сліпий брокер; bond broker облігаційний брокер • брокер, який займається облігаціями; bullion broker маклер з торгівлі благородними металами; buying broker брокер із закупівлі; charter broker брокер із фрахтування; chartering broker брокер із фрахтування; charterer's broker брокер фрахтувальника; commercial broker торговельний посередник; commission broker брокер-комісіонер; commission house broker брокер біржової фірми; commodity broker товарний брокер; curb broker брокер, який проводить операції на неофіційній фондовій біржі • позабіржовий маклер; curbstone broker брокер, який проводить операції на неофіційній фондовій біржі • позабіржовий маклер; custom house broker митний маклер • митний агент • митний брокер; customs broker митний агент • митний маклер; discount broker вексельний брокер • вексельний брокер, який займається обліковими операціями • брокер зі зниженою комісією; exchange broker біржовий брокер • валютний брокер • агент з купівлі та продажу іноземної валюти; finance broker фінансовий брокер • фінансовий маклер; floor broker «дводоларовий» брокер • брокер Нью-йоркської фондової біржі, який виконує доручення інших членів біржі; food broker брокер, що займається операціями з харчовими продуктами; foreign exchange broker валютний брокер • агент з купівлі й продажу іноземної валюти; freight broker маклер з фрахтування суден; grain broker брокер з купівлі й продажу зерна; independent broker незалежний брокер; inside broker офіційний біржовий брокер • брокер — член фондової біржі; information broker брокер-постачальник інформації; insurance broker страховий маклер • страховий брокер; investment broker брокер з інвестицій цінних паперів; list broker адресний брокер • брокер, який торгує розсильними списками • брокер, який торгує списками; loan broker посередник у кредиті; marine insurance broker маклер морського страхування; merchandise broker торговельний маклер • брокер купівлі й продажу товарів; money broker маклер на грошовому ринку; note broker вексельний брокер • фірма-посередник у розміщенні комерційних паперів; odd lot broker брокер з торгівлі невеликими партіями цінних паперів; privilege broker брокер, що надає клієнту особливі права в біржових операціях; produce broker торговельний агент на ринку сільськогосподарської продукції; put-and-call broker брокер біржових строкових операцій з премією; real estate broker брокер з операцій з нерухомістю; securities broker брокер з операцій з цінними паперами • маклер з операцій з цінними паперами; selling broker брокер з продажу; share broker торговець акцій • біржовий брокер; shipping broker брокер з фрахтування суден; space broker агент-комісіонер продажу місця на рекламу; stockbroker; stock exchange broker брокер фондової біржі; time broker брокер-закупник рекламного часу; two-dollar broker «дводоларовий» брокер • брокер Нью-йоркської фондової біржі, який виконує доручення інших членів біржі; wholesale broker товарний брокер, який має власний склад═════════□═════════broker's commission комісійна винагорода брокерові; broker's contract note повідомлення брокером клієнта про укладання угоди • маклерська записка; broker dealer брокер-ділер; broker's loan брокерська позика; broker's note брокерська записка • повідомлення брокером клієнта про укладання угоди; broker-to-broker trade операції брокерів з брокерами; to act as a broker бути брокером▹▹ agent -
95 building
(a) (structure) bâtiment m, immeuble mbuildings insurance assurance f habitationbuilding contract contrat m d'entreprise;building contractor entrepreneur(euse) m, f en bâtiments;building industry industrie f du bâtiment;British building plot lotissement m;building sector secteur m du bâtiment;building site chantier m (de construction);building society passbook ≃ livret m d'épargne logement;the building trade l'industrie du bâtiment, le bâtiment -
96 term
(a) terms (conditions) conditions f pl; (of agreement, contract) termes m pl; (rates, tariffs) conditions, tarifs m pl;terms and conditions cahier m des charges;∎ under the terms of the agreement selon les termes de l'accord;∎ on easy terms avec facilités de paiementterms of credit conditions de crédit;terms of delivery conditions de livraison;terms of exchange termes d'échange;terms of payment conditions ou termes de paiement;terms of reference (of commission) attributions f pl, mandat m;ECONOMICS terms of trade termes de l'échange∎ to set or put a term to sth mettre fin ou un terme à qchterm bill effet m à terme;term day (jour m du) terme;term deposit dépôt m à terme;term draft traite f à terme;INSURANCE term insurance assurance f à terme;term loan (from borrower's point of view) emprunt m à terme; (from lender's point of view) prêt m à terme(c) (duration) terme m, période f;∎ the loan shall be for a term of ten years l'emprunt sera conclu pour dix ansterm of notice délai m de préavis;term of office mandat m -
97 plan
1. n1) план, программа2) проект3) план, схема
- action plan
- adaptation plan
- additional plan
- advertisement plan
- advertising plan
- allocation plan
- amended plan
- annual plan
- approved plan
- assistance plan
- balanced plan
- basic plan
- bonus plan
- borrowing plan
- buffer stock plan
- bungled plan
- business plan
- capacity plan
- capital investment plan
- capital spending plan
- cargo plan
- cash profit sharing plan
- coherent plan
- combined plan
- common plan
- complete plan
- comprehensive plan
- concrete plan
- consolidated financial plan
- consumption plan
- contingency plan
- conversion plan
- coordinated plan
- cost accounting plan
- cost finding plan
- counter plan
- credit plan
- cropping plan
- currency plan
- currency receipt plan
- current plan
- daily plan
- delivery plan
- development plan
- dividend reinvestment plan
- dividend rollover plan
- draft plan
- economic plan
- elaborate plan
- employee profit sharing plan
- employee stock ownership plan
- employer retirement plan
- employment plan
- enterprise plan
- environmental action plan
- export plan
- extra plan
- family assistance plan
- feasible plan
- finance plan
- financial plan
- financial incentive plan
- financing plan
- fixed plan
- front-end load plan
- general plan
- general building plan
- general work plan
- government's tax plans
- health insurance plan
- housing development plan
- implementation plan
- import plan
- income plan
- inspection plan
- installment plan
- interlocking cost plan
- investment plan
- issue plan
- loading plan
- long-range plan
- long-term plan
- management plan
- marketing plan
- master plan
- medium-term plan
- multiple time plan
- multistage plan
- national economic plan
- objectionable plan
- operating plan
- operational plan
- optimal plan
- organization plan
- organizing plan
- output plan
- overall plan
- package plan
- packaged mortgage plan
- pay plan
- pay-as-you-go plan
- payroll savings plan
- pension plan
- periodic average inventory plan
- perspective plan
- piece rate plan
- practicable plan
- preliminary plan
- private equity plan
- procurement plan
- production plan
- profit plan
- profit-sharing plan
- projected plan
- promotional plan
- purchase plan
- qualification plan
- quality assurance plan
- quarterly plan
- quota plan
- recapitalization plan
- redemption plan
- rescheduling plan
- rescue plan
- research plan
- restructuring plan
- retirement plan
- revised plan
- revitalization plan
- rough plan
- selective driver plan
- sales plan
- sample plan
- sampling plan
- sequential sampling plan
- short-range plan
- short-term plan
- single-sample plan
- site plan
- slack plan
- specific cost inventory plan
- spending plan
- staff retirement plan
- standard cost inventory plan
- state plan
- stock option plan
- stowage plan
- summary plan
- supply plan
- support plan
- tax-sheltered annuity plan
- technical development plan
- time-off plan
- tonnage plan
- turnover plan
- unacceptable plan
- underestimated plan
- understated plan
- unified accounts plan
- wage plan
- wage-incentive plan
- weighted average inventory plan
- workable plan
- yearly plan
- plan for a year
- plan of cash turnover
- plan of deliveries
- plan of development
- plan of distribution
- plan of diversification
- plan of measures
- plan of production and sales
- plan of reduction of production cost
- plan of reorganization
- plan of shipments
- plan of supplies
- above plan
- according to plan
- on a plan
- up to a plan
- abandon a plan
- adhere to a plan
- adjust a plan
- alter a plan
- approve a plan
- build plans
- carry out a plan
- change a plan
- coordinate plans
- deviate from a plan
- draw up a plan
- elaborate a plan
- execute a plan
- finance a plan
- fit into plans
- fulfil a plan
- fund a plan
- go ahead with one's plans
- implement a plan
- incorporate in a plan
- interfere with plans
- launch a plan
- make plans
- map up a plan
- modify a plan
- negotiate a plan
- offer a plan
- outline a plan
- overfulfil a plan
- prepare a plan
- project a plan
- propose a plan
- put forward a plan
- realize a plan
- reconsider a plan
- refine a plan
- revise a plan
- sanction a plan
- shape a plan
- spoil plans
- submit a plan
- tone down plans
- unfold a plan
- upset plans
- work out a plan2. v3) намереваться
- plan ahead -
98 index
1. сущ.мн. indexes, indices1) эк. индекс (цифровой показатель, выражающий в процентах последовательные изменения какого-л. экономического явления)See:price index, abnormal performance index, index-linked, Bankers Trust Commodity Index, Barron's Confidence Index, beating the index, Bond Buyer Index, Bond Buyer municipal bond index, bond index, Business Confidence Index, Business Environment Risk Information Index, Business Expectation Index, Business Outlook Index, Business Sentiment Index, cash index participation, Chase Physical Commodity Index, Chicago Purchasing Managers' Index, Consumer Confidence Index, consumer price index, Consumer Sentiment Index, cost-of-living index, CRB/Bridge Index, Current Condition Index, Economic Sentiment Index, Eleven Bond Index, Emerging Markets Free Index, Euro-commercial paper index, exchange rate index, housing price index, Index of Investor Optimism, Index of Lagging Indicators, index participation, index range note, Investable Commodity Index, J. P. Morgan Commodity Index, Knight-Ridder Commodity Research Bureau Index, lagging index, Lipper Indexes, market value index, NAPM index, NAPM services index, National Association of Purchasing Managers' index, National Association of Purchasing Managers' services index, Philadelphia Fed Index, price index, profitability index, Purchasing Manager Index, Real Estate Index Market, Revenue Bond Index, Service Price Index, trade weighted index, Twenty Bond Index, University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index, University of Michigan Sentiment Index, advance-decline index, abnormal performance index, Accumulation Swing Index, Arm's index, Commodity Channel Index, demand index, diffusion index, Directional Movement Index, equal-weighted market index, Force Index, Herrick Payoff Index, Market Facilitation Index, money flow index, Positive Volume Index, relative strength index, Relative Vigor Index, stochastics index, Swing Index, tax and price index, trading index, Average Directional Movement Index2) бирж. фондовый индекс (показатель движения фондовой конъюнктуры, рассчитанный по определенной формуле на базе текущих цен конкретных ценных бумаг; как правило, простое или взвешенное среднее цен основных котируемых активов)See:average, weighted average, quotation, share index, Dow Jones average, Financial Times Ordinary Share Index, AEX index, Affarsvarlden General Index, AMEX Major Market index, all ordinaries index, All Ordinaries share index, All Ordinaries Share Price Index, American Stock Exchange Major Market index, American Stock Exchange Market Value Index, AMEX Composite Index, Austrian Traded Index, Bonn Index FAZ, Bovespa Index, BVL General Index, CAC 40 index, CAC general index, Chambre Agent General Index, Comit Index, Commerzbank Index, Deutsche Aktien Index, Dow Jones Composite 65 Index, Dow Jones Index, Dow Jones World Stock Index, EAFE index, equal-weighted market index, Europe and Australasia, Far East Equity index, Far Eastern Index, FAZ index, Financial Times Actuaries All Share Index, Financial Times Actuaries Share Indexes, Financial Times Index, Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index, Financial Times Share Indexes, Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, Financial Times Stock Exchange Index, Financial Times World Index, Forty Index Futures, FT 30 Index, FT Index, FT Share Indexes, Hang Seng Index, index arbitrage, index fund, index fund management, index future, index investing, index of securities, index option, index portfolio management, index tracker fund, index warrant, index-amortizing swap, International Market Index, Jensen index, KLSE Composite Index, Korea Composite Stock Price Index, KR-CRB index, Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Composite Index, Lisbon BVL General Index, Major Market Index, market index, market index deposit, market value-weighted index, NASDAQ Bank Index, NASDAQ Biotechnology Index, NASDAQ Composite Index, NASDAQ Computer Index, NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, NASDAQ index, NASDAQ Industrial Index, NASDAQ Insurance Index, NASDAQ National Market Composite Index, NASDAQ National Market Industrial Index, NASDAQ Other Finance Index, NASDAQ Transportation Index, NASDAQ-100 Index, NASDAQ-OTC Price Index, New York Stock Exchange Composite Index, New York Stock Exchange Index, Nikkei Dow Index, Nikkei Dow Jones Index, Nikkei index, NYSE Composite index, NYSE Index, price-weighted index, PSE Technology 100 Index, Russell indexes, S&P / Australian Stock Exchange Australian Index Committee, S&P 400 Index, S&P/ASX 100 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 100 Index, S&P/ASX 20 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 200 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 300 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 50 Composite Index, Salomon Brothers World Equity Index, share price index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 100 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 20 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 200 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 300 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 50 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange Australian Index Committee, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange MidCap 50 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange Small Ordinaries Index, Standard and Poor's 400 Index, Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Index, Stock Exchange of Singapore Index, stock index option, stock indexes and averages, Straits Times Industrial Index, Swiss Market Index, Swiss Performance Index, Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index, Tokyo Stock Exchange Price Index, Tokyo Stock Price Index, Value Line Composite Index, value-weighted market index, Wilshire 5000 Equity Index
2. гл.эк. индексировать (заработок, процентные ставки и т. п.)See:The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > index
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99 credit
credit ['kredɪt]crédit ⇒ 1 (a) mérite ⇒ 1 (b) croyance ⇒ 1 (c) unité de valeur ⇒ 1 (d) créditer ⇒ 3 (a) supposer ⇒ 3 (b) croire ⇒ 3 (c) générique ⇒ 41 noun∎ he has £50 to his credit il a 50 livres sur son compte, il a un avoir de 50 livres;∎ to enter or to place a sum to sb's credit créditer le compte de qn d'une somme, porter une somme à l'actif de qn;∎ debit and credit débit m et crédit m;∎ to give sb credit, to give credit to sb (of bank) accorder un découvert à qn; (of shop, pub) faire crédit à qn;∎ to run a credit check on sb (to ensure enough money in account) vérifier la solvabilité de qn, vérifier que le compte de qn est approvisionné; (to ensure no record of bad debts) vérifier le passé bancaire de qn;∎ we do not give credit (sign) la maison ne fait pas crédit;∎ to sell/to buy/to live on credit vendre/acheter/vivre à crédit;∎ her credit is good elle a une bonne réputation de solvabilité; figurative (she is trustworthy) elle est digne de confiance;∎ figurative isn't my credit good any more? on ne me fait plus confiance?(b) (merit, honour) mérite m;∎ all the credit should go to the team tout le mérite doit revenir à l'équipe;∎ to take the credit for sth/doing sth s'attribuer le mérite de qch/d'avoir fait qch;∎ I can't take all the credit for it tout le mérite ne me revient pas;∎ to give sb the credit for sth/doing sth attribuer à qn le mérite de qch/d'avoir fait qch;∎ management got all the credit tout le mérite est revenu à la direction;∎ give her credit for what she has achieved reconnais ce qu'elle a accompli;∎ with credit (perform) honorablement;∎ nobody emerged with any credit except him c'est le seul qui s'en soit sorti à son honneur;∎ it must be said to his credit that… il faut dire en sa faveur que…;∎ to her credit she did finish the exam il faut lui accorder qu'elle a fini l'examen;∎ she has five novels to her credit elle a cinq romans à son actif;∎ to be a credit to one's family/school, to do one's family/school credit faire honneur à sa famille/son école, être l'honneur de sa famille/son école;∎ it does her (great) credit c'est tout à son honneur;∎ it does you credit that you gave the money back c'est tout à votre honneur d'avoir rendu l'argent;∎ give me SOME credit! je ne suis quand même pas si bête!;∎ credit where credit is due il faut reconnaître ce qui est(c) (credence) croyance f;∎ to give credit to sb/sth ajouter foi à qn/qch;∎ to lend credit to sth accréditer qch, rendre qch plausible;∎ the theory is gaining credit cette théorie est de plus en plus acceptée;∎ he's cleverer than I gave him credit for il est plus intelligent que je le pensais ou supposais;∎ I gave you credit for more sense je vous supposais plus de bon sens;∎ I gave him credit for more sense than I perhaps should have done j'ai peut-être surestimé son bon sens(d) University unité f de valeur, UV f;∎ how many credits do you need? combien d'UV faut-il que tu aies?∎ to credit an account with £200, to credit £200 to an account créditer un compte de 200 livres∎ to credit sb with intelligence/tact/sense supposer de l'intelligence/du tact/du bon sens à qn;∎ I credited her with more sense je lui supposais plus de bon sens;∎ credit me with a bit more intelligence! tu serais gentil de ne pas sous-estimer mon intelligence!;∎ she is credited with being the first woman to attend medical school elle est considérée comme la première femme à avoir fait des études de médecine;∎ he is credited with the discovery of DNA on lui attribue la découverte de l'ADN∎ would you credit it! tu te rends compte!;∎ you wouldn't credit some of the things he's done tu n'en reviendrais pas si tu savais les choses qu'il a faites;∎ I could hardly credit it j'avais du mal à le croireCinema & Television générique mcredit advice avis m de crédit;credit agency institution f de crédit;credit agreement accord m ou convention f de crédit;credit bank banque f de crédit;credit broker courtier(ère) m,f en crédits ou en prêts;American credit bureau institution f de crédit;credit card carte f de crédit;∎ to pay by credit card payer avec une ou régler par carte de crédit;credit card fraud usage m frauduleux de cartes de crédit;credit card number numéro m de carte de crédit;credit card reader lecteur m de cartes;credit card transactions transactions fpl effectuées par carte de crédit;credit ceiling plafond m de crédit;Accountancy credit column colonne f créditrice;credit control (government restrictions) resserrement m ou encadrement m du crédit; (monitoring) surveillance m des crédits;credit controller contrôleur(euse) m,f du crédit;credit enquiry renseignements mpl de crédit, enquête f de solvabilité;credit entry Banking article m porté au crédit d'un compte; Accountancy écriture f au crédit;credit facilities facilités fpl de crédit;credit freeze blocage m du crédit;credit history profil m crédit;∎ to obtain information on sb's credit history établir des renseignements de solvabilité sur qn;credit institution établissement m de crédit;credit insurance assurance-crédit f;Accountancy credit item poste m créditeur;credit limit limite f ou plafond m de crédit;credit line British (loan) autorisation f de crédit; American (limit) limite f ou plafond m de crédit;credit management direction f des crédits;credit manager directeur(trice) m,f du crédit;credit margin marge f de crédit;credit memo bulletin m de versement;credit period délai m de crédit;credit rating (of person, company) degré m de solvabilité; (awarded by credit reference agency) notation f;credit rating agency agence f de notation;credit risk risque m de crédit;∎ to be a good/bad credit risk représenter un risque peu important/important;credit scoring = méthode d'évaluation de la solvabilité, crédit-scoring m;Accountancy credit side crédit m, avoir m;∎ figurative on the credit side, the proposed changes will cut costs les changements projetés auront l'avantage de réduire les coûts;∎ figurative on the credit side, he's a good cook il faut lui accorder qu'il cuisine bien;credit squeeze restriction f ou encadrement m du crédit;∎ there's a credit squeeze le crédit est restreint ou encadré;credit terms modalités fpl de crédit;Banking credit transfer virement m, transfert m (de compte à compte);American credit union société f ou caisse f de crédit;credit voucher chèque m de caisse -
100 receipt
receipt [rɪ'si:t]1 noun(a) (for purchase, meal, taxi fare) reçu m ( for de); (in supermarket, bar) ticket m de caisse, reçu m; (for bill) acquit m; (for rent, insurance) quittance f; (from customs) récépissé m; (for letter, parcel) récépissé m, accusé m de réception(b) (reception → of letter, parcel etc) réception f;∎ to pay on receipt payer à la réception;∎ to be in receipt of sth avoir reçu qch;∎ Commerce I am in receipt of the goods j'ai bien reçu les marchandises;∎ Commerce to acknowledge receipt of sth accuser réception de qch;∎ on receipt of your results dès que vous aurez reçu vos résultatsBritish acquitter, quittancer;∎ to receipt a bill acquitter une facture(takings) recettes fpl, rentrées fpl;∎ receipts and expenditure recettes fpl et dépenses fpl►► Finance receipted bill facture f acquittée;Finance receipt book carnet m de quittances
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