fest

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

sacres porci,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

Macr. S. 3, 7:

sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

In gen.

Absol.:

quicquam (opp. profanum),

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

locus sacer et profanus,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

miscebis sacra profanis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

Ov. H. 9, 159:

aedes,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

lucus late sacer,

Verg. A. 5, 761:

arvum Martis,

Ov. M. 7, 101:

ara,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

aurum,

Liv. 5, 50; cf.

pecunia (opp. privata),

Quint. 4, 2, 8:

arma,

Liv. 24, 21:

tus,

Ov. M. 14, 130:

sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

Cat. 68, 75:

ales (so called from its use in augury),

Verg. A. 11, 721:

luces (with profestae),

Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

dies (with religiosus),

Suet. Tib. 61:

tempus,

Hor. C. S. 4:

commissum,

a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

laurus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

robur,

Ov. M. 8, 752:

aqua,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

fontes,

Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

focus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

Tarentum,

id. C. 1, 28, 29:

fines,

Sil. 3, 501; cf.

montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

id. 4, 70;

vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 391;

and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

Cybebe,

id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

sacer lapis,

a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—

With gen. (class.):

ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

urna Veneris,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

urna Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

Dianae celebris dies,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

sepulcrum Batti veteris,

Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—

With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

Ov. M. 7, 623:

esculus Jovi sacra,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

Nymphis cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 109:

Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

Verg. A. 6, 484:

pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

Tac. A. 15, 53:

cupressus Diti sacra,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

aesculus Jovi,

id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—

Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

silentium,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

laedere amantes,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

lingua (Ciceronis),

Mart. 5, 69, 7:

Maro,

id. 8. 56, 3:

quaedam patris memoria,

Quint. 11, 1, 59:

O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

Luc. 9, 983:

heu sacri vatum errores,

Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

auris Caesaris,

Mart. 7, 99, 4:

sacri lateris custos,

id. 6, 76, 1:

apud aures sacras mentitus est,

Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

se Imperatori mentitum,

id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.

In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.

With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 7.—

Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

Liv. 3, 55.—

Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of persons:

ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

homo sacerrimus,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —

Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

Cat. 14, 12:

hircus alarum,

id. 71, 1:

auri fames,

Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

aurum fame,

Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

venenum (Medeae),

Val. Fl. 7, 165:

nox,

id. 8, 25:

arma metu,

id. 4, 185; cf.

pavor,

id. 1, 798:

insania,

Stat. Th. 10, 804:

morbus,

i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).

Lit.

Sing.:

sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

metuens velut contingere sacrum,

id. S. 2, 3, 110:

apud Cluacinae sacrum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

Minervae,

Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrum Herculi facere,

Liv. 1, 7:

facere Junoni,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

facto per Magos sacro,

Suet. Ner. 34:

sollemne sacrum conficere,

Flor. 1, 13, 16:

ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

Quint. 1, 5, 67:

arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

Liv. 41, 12:

sacrum piaculare fieri,

id. 29, 19:

sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

id. ib. 14, 80:

nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

in sacro est,

id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—

Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

Ov. M. 2, 713:

Troïa,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

of the same,

Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

cumque suis penetralia sacris,

i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

jactata aequoribus sacra,

Hor. C.4,4,54:

pueri Sacra canunt,

sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

Sall. C. 22, 2:

qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

sacra Jovi facturus erat,

Ov. M. 3, 26:

sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

Verg. A. 4, 638:

ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

Liv. 1, 20:

densi circumstant sacra ministri,

Ov. M. 2, 717:

arcana sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

fera,

id. ib. 13, 454:

nefanda,

id. ib. 10, 228:

mystica,

id. H. 2, 42:

horrida,

Sil. 3, 140:

veneranda,

id. 7, 382:

casta,

Stat. Achill. 1, 370.

Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

sacra Cereris conficere,

id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

Cereris,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

Eleusina,

Suet. Claud. 23:

Junonis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

Orphica,

rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

Bacchia,

Ov. M. 3, 518:

trieterica Bacchi,

id. ib. 6, 587:

Dianae,

id. ib. 7, 94;

15, 489: Isidis,

Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—

The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

sacra privata perpetua manento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

Liv. 5, 52:

ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

Liv. 4,2:

sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

sacrorum alienatio,

id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

sacrum familiare,

Macr. S. 1, 16:

nuptialia,

marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

called also jugalia,

Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—

Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

vatum,

Pers. prol. 7:

Maronis,

Mart. 7, 63, 5. —

Prov.

Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

inter sacrum et saxum positus,

App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —

Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

Ov. M. 7, 709:

peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

id. 5, 13, 60):

litterarum colere,

id. 10, 1, 92:

studiorum profanare,

Tac. Or. 11.

Sāturnus (old collat. form Sāteur-nus, Fest. pp. 323 and 325 Müll., and SAETVRNVS, on a vase; v. Ritschl, de Fictil. Litteratis, and Schweizer, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachf. 4, p. 65 sq.), i, m. [1. sero;

ab satu est dictus Saturnus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.], Saturn; according to the myth, the most ancient king of Latium, who came to Italy in the reign of Janus; afterwards honored as the god of agriculture and of civilization in general; hence early identified with the Kronos of the Greeks:

qui terram colerent, eos solos reliquos esse ex stirpe Saturni regis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5:

principes (dei) in Latio Saturnus et Ops,

id. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.:

primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari Maluit, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 319 sq.; Ov. F. 1, 193; 1, 235 sq.; 6, 29 sq.; Tib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 5, 9 et saep.—As the god of time, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64; Lact. 1, 12, 9.—As the sun-god of the Phœnicians, = Baal, Curt. 4, 3, 15:

Saturni sacra dies,

i. e. Saturday, Tib. 1, 3, 18:

Saturni Stella,

the planet Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; 2, 46, 119; id. Div. 1, 39, 85.—As subst.: Sāturnus, i, m., the planet Saturn, Hor. C. 2, 17, 23.—Hence,

Sāturnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian:

stella,

i. e. the planet Saturn, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17: mons, an ancient name of the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll., and Fest. p. 322 ib.: terra, i. e. Latium, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 ib. (Ann. v. 25 Vahl.); Ov. F. 5, 625; also,

tellus,

Verg. A. 8, 329;

and arva,

id. ib. 1, 569; in a wider sense: tellus, for Italy, id. G. 2, 173:

regna,

i. e. the golden age, id. E. 4, 6: proles, i. e. Picus, a son of Saturn, Ov. M. 14, 320:

gens,

i. e. the Italians, id. F. 1, 237: Juno, as daughter of Saturn, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 Vahl.); Verg. A. 12, 156; Ov. M. 4, 447:

Juppiter,

id. ib. 9, 242;

also pater (sc. Superum),

Verg. A. 4, 372; Ov. M. 1, 163:

domitor maris,

i. e. Neptune, Verg. A. 5, 799:

virgo,

i. e. Vesta, Ov. F. 6, 383: versus, the Saturnian verse, the oldest kind of metre among the Romans, in use down to the time of Ennius, Fest. s. v. Saturnus, p. 325 Müll.; cf.

of the same, numerus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 158:

carmen,

Ter. Maur. p. 2439:

metrum,

Diom. p. 512; v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. III. 9, and Bernhardy, Röm. Lit. p. 70 sq.—

Sāturnĭus, ii, m.

Jupiter, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1113 P. (Ann. v. 444 Vahl.); Ov. M. 8, 703; Claud. Gigant. 16.—

Pluto, Ov. M. 5, 420.—

Sātur-nĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the old town of Saturnia, on the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Fest. p. 325 Müll.—

Sāturnĭa, ae, f.

Juno, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 483 Vahl.); Verg. A. 1, 23; Ov. F. 1, 265; 2, 191; 5, 235; id. M. 1, 612 et saep. —

The town built by Saturn on the Capitoline Hill, the fabled beginning of Rome, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 8, 358; Ov. F. 6, 31; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68; Fest. p. 322 Müll.—

Sāturnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian; as an adj. only with festum, = Saturnalia.—

Subst.: Sāturnālĭa, iōrum, ibus (cf. on the gen.:

certum est licito et Saturnalium et Saturnaliorum dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4; Ruddim. 1, p. 97; v. also Bacchanalia, Compitalia, Vinalia, and the like), a general festival in honor of Saturn, beginning on the 17 th of December and lasting several days; the Saturnalia, Macr. S. 1, 7 sq.; Liv. 2, 21 sq.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 22 Müll.; Fest. s. v. ferias, p. 86 ib.; Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.; Cat. 14, 15; Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5; id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 22, 1 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 3, 5 et saep.:

prima,

i. e. the first day of the Saturnalia, Liv. 30, 36 Drak. N. cr.:

secunda, tertia,

the second, third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf.:

vestra Saturnalia, said of the feriae matronales, as the festival of the women,

Mart. 5, 84, 11.—

Prov.: non semper Saturnalia erunt,

every day cannot be a holiday, Sen. Apoc. 12, § 2. —Hence,

Sāturnālĭcĭus or - tĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Saturnalia, Saturnalian (post-Aug.):

tributum,

i.e. a presen given on the Saturnalia, Mart. 10, 17, 1:

nuces,

id. 5, 30, 8; 7, 91, 2:

versus,

id. 5, 19, 11.—

Sāturnĭăcus, a, um, adj., of Saturn (late Lat.), Aug. c. Faust. 20, 13. [p. 1636]

Sāturnus (old collat. form Sāteur-nus, Fest. pp. 323 and 325 Müll., and SAETVRNVS, on a vase; v. Ritschl, de Fictil. Litteratis, and Schweizer, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachf. 4, p. 65 sq.), i, m. [1. sero;

ab satu est dictus Saturnus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.], Saturn; according to the myth, the most ancient king of Latium, who came to Italy in the reign of Janus; afterwards honored as the god of agriculture and of civilization in general; hence early identified with the Kronos of the Greeks:

qui terram colerent, eos solos reliquos esse ex stirpe Saturni regis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5:

principes (dei) in Latio Saturnus et Ops,

id. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.:

primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari Maluit, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 319 sq.; Ov. F. 1, 193; 1, 235 sq.; 6, 29 sq.; Tib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 5, 9 et saep.—As the god of time, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64; Lact. 1, 12, 9.—As the sun-god of the Phœnicians, = Baal, Curt. 4, 3, 15:

Saturni sacra dies,

i. e. Saturday, Tib. 1, 3, 18:

Saturni Stella,

the planet Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; 2, 46, 119; id. Div. 1, 39, 85.—As subst.: Sāturnus, i, m., the planet Saturn, Hor. C. 2, 17, 23.—Hence,

Sāturnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian:

stella,

i. e. the planet Saturn, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17: mons, an ancient name of the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll., and Fest. p. 322 ib.: terra, i. e. Latium, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 ib. (Ann. v. 25 Vahl.); Ov. F. 5, 625; also,

tellus,

Verg. A. 8, 329;

and arva,

id. ib. 1, 569; in a wider sense: tellus, for Italy, id. G. 2, 173:

regna,

i. e. the golden age, id. E. 4, 6: proles, i. e. Picus, a son of Saturn, Ov. M. 14, 320:

gens,

i. e. the Italians, id. F. 1, 237: Juno, as daughter of Saturn, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 Vahl.); Verg. A. 12, 156; Ov. M. 4, 447:

Juppiter,

id. ib. 9, 242;

also pater (sc. Superum),

Verg. A. 4, 372; Ov. M. 1, 163:

domitor maris,

i. e. Neptune, Verg. A. 5, 799:

virgo,

i. e. Vesta, Ov. F. 6, 383: versus, the Saturnian verse, the oldest kind of metre among the Romans, in use down to the time of Ennius, Fest. s. v. Saturnus, p. 325 Müll.; cf.

of the same, numerus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 158:

carmen,

Ter. Maur. p. 2439:

metrum,

Diom. p. 512; v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. III. 9, and Bernhardy, Röm. Lit. p. 70 sq.—

Sāturnĭus, ii, m.

Jupiter, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1113 P. (Ann. v. 444 Vahl.); Ov. M. 8, 703; Claud. Gigant. 16.—

Pluto, Ov. M. 5, 420.—

Sātur-nĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the old town of Saturnia, on the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Fest. p. 325 Müll.—

Sāturnĭa, ae, f.

Juno, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 483 Vahl.); Verg. A. 1, 23; Ov. F. 1, 265; 2, 191; 5, 235; id. M. 1, 612 et saep. —

The town built by Saturn on the Capitoline Hill, the fabled beginning of Rome, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 8, 358; Ov. F. 6, 31; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68; Fest. p. 322 Müll.—

Sāturnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian; as an adj. only with festum, = Saturnalia.—

Subst.: Sāturnālĭa, iōrum, ibus (cf. on the gen.:

certum est licito et Saturnalium et Saturnaliorum dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4; Ruddim. 1, p. 97; v. also Bacchanalia, Compitalia, Vinalia, and the like), a general festival in honor of Saturn, beginning on the 17 th of December and lasting several days; the Saturnalia, Macr. S. 1, 7 sq.; Liv. 2, 21 sq.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 22 Müll.; Fest. s. v. ferias, p. 86 ib.; Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.; Cat. 14, 15; Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5; id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 22, 1 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 3, 5 et saep.:

prima,

i. e. the first day of the Saturnalia, Liv. 30, 36 Drak. N. cr.:

secunda, tertia,

the second, third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf.:

vestra Saturnalia, said of the feriae matronales, as the festival of the women,

Mart. 5, 84, 11.—

Prov.: non semper Saturnalia erunt,

every day cannot be a holiday, Sen. Apoc. 12, § 2. —Hence,

Sāturnālĭcĭus or - tĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Saturnalia, Saturnalian (post-Aug.):

tributum,

i.e. a presen given on the Saturnalia, Mart. 10, 17, 1:

nuces,

id. 5, 30, 8; 7, 91, 2:

versus,

id. 5, 19, 11.—

Sāturnĭăcus, a, um, adj., of Saturn (late Lat.), Aug. c. Faust. 20, 13. [p. 1636]

Sāturnus (old collat. form Sāteur-nus, Fest. pp. 323 and 325 Müll., and SAETVRNVS, on a vase; v. Ritschl, de Fictil. Litteratis, and Schweizer, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachf. 4, p. 65 sq.), i, m. [1. sero;

ab satu est dictus Saturnus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.], Saturn; according to the myth, the most ancient king of Latium, who came to Italy in the reign of Janus; afterwards honored as the god of agriculture and of civilization in general; hence early identified with the Kronos of the Greeks:

qui terram colerent, eos solos reliquos esse ex stirpe Saturni regis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5:

principes (dei) in Latio Saturnus et Ops,

id. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.:

primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari Maluit, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 319 sq.; Ov. F. 1, 193; 1, 235 sq.; 6, 29 sq.; Tib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 5, 9 et saep.—As the god of time, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64; Lact. 1, 12, 9.—As the sun-god of the Phœnicians, = Baal, Curt. 4, 3, 15:

Saturni sacra dies,

i. e. Saturday, Tib. 1, 3, 18:

Saturni Stella,

the planet Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; 2, 46, 119; id. Div. 1, 39, 85.—As subst.: Sāturnus, i, m., the planet Saturn, Hor. C. 2, 17, 23.—Hence,

Sāturnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian:

stella,

i. e. the planet Saturn, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17: mons, an ancient name of the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll., and Fest. p. 322 ib.: terra, i. e. Latium, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 ib. (Ann. v. 25 Vahl.); Ov. F. 5, 625; also,

tellus,

Verg. A. 8, 329;

and arva,

id. ib. 1, 569; in a wider sense: tellus, for Italy, id. G. 2, 173:

regna,

i. e. the golden age, id. E. 4, 6: proles, i. e. Picus, a son of Saturn, Ov. M. 14, 320:

gens,

i. e. the Italians, id. F. 1, 237: Juno, as daughter of Saturn, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 Vahl.); Verg. A. 12, 156; Ov. M. 4, 447:

Juppiter,

id. ib. 9, 242;

also pater (sc. Superum),

Verg. A. 4, 372; Ov. M. 1, 163:

domitor maris,

i. e. Neptune, Verg. A. 5, 799:

virgo,

i. e. Vesta, Ov. F. 6, 383: versus, the Saturnian verse, the oldest kind of metre among the Romans, in use down to the time of Ennius, Fest. s. v. Saturnus, p. 325 Müll.; cf.

of the same, numerus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 158:

carmen,

Ter. Maur. p. 2439:

metrum,

Diom. p. 512; v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. III. 9, and Bernhardy, Röm. Lit. p. 70 sq.—

Sāturnĭus, ii, m.

Jupiter, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1113 P. (Ann. v. 444 Vahl.); Ov. M. 8, 703; Claud. Gigant. 16.—

Pluto, Ov. M. 5, 420.—

Sātur-nĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the old town of Saturnia, on the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Fest. p. 325 Müll.—

Sāturnĭa, ae, f.

Juno, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 483 Vahl.); Verg. A. 1, 23; Ov. F. 1, 265; 2, 191; 5, 235; id. M. 1, 612 et saep. —

The town built by Saturn on the Capitoline Hill, the fabled beginning of Rome, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 8, 358; Ov. F. 6, 31; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68; Fest. p. 322 Müll.—

Sāturnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian; as an adj. only with festum, = Saturnalia.—

Subst.: Sāturnālĭa, iōrum, ibus (cf. on the gen.:

certum est licito et Saturnalium et Saturnaliorum dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4; Ruddim. 1, p. 97; v. also Bacchanalia, Compitalia, Vinalia, and the like), a general festival in honor of Saturn, beginning on the 17 th of December and lasting several days; the Saturnalia, Macr. S. 1, 7 sq.; Liv. 2, 21 sq.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 22 Müll.; Fest. s. v. ferias, p. 86 ib.; Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.; Cat. 14, 15; Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5; id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 22, 1 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 3, 5 et saep.:

prima,

i. e. the first day of the Saturnalia, Liv. 30, 36 Drak. N. cr.:

secunda, tertia,

the second, third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf.:

vestra Saturnalia, said of the feriae matronales, as the festival of the women,

Mart. 5, 84, 11.—

Prov.: non semper Saturnalia erunt,

every day cannot be a holiday, Sen. Apoc. 12, § 2. —Hence,

Sāturnālĭcĭus or - tĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Saturnalia, Saturnalian (post-Aug.):

tributum,

i.e. a presen given on the Saturnalia, Mart. 10, 17, 1:

nuces,

id. 5, 30, 8; 7, 91, 2:

versus,

id. 5, 19, 11.—

Sāturnĭăcus, a, um, adj., of Saturn (late Lat.), Aug. c. Faust. 20, 13. [p. 1636]

Sāturnus (old collat. form Sāteur-nus, Fest. pp. 323 and 325 Müll., and SAETVRNVS, on a vase; v. Ritschl, de Fictil. Litteratis, and Schweizer, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachf. 4, p. 65 sq.), i, m. [1. sero;

ab satu est dictus Saturnus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.], Saturn; according to the myth, the most ancient king of Latium, who came to Italy in the reign of Janus; afterwards honored as the god of agriculture and of civilization in general; hence early identified with the Kronos of the Greeks:

qui terram colerent, eos solos reliquos esse ex stirpe Saturni regis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5:

principes (dei) in Latio Saturnus et Ops,

id. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.:

primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari Maluit, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 319 sq.; Ov. F. 1, 193; 1, 235 sq.; 6, 29 sq.; Tib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 5, 9 et saep.—As the god of time, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64; Lact. 1, 12, 9.—As the sun-god of the Phœnicians, = Baal, Curt. 4, 3, 15:

Saturni sacra dies,

i. e. Saturday, Tib. 1, 3, 18:

Saturni Stella,

the planet Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; 2, 46, 119; id. Div. 1, 39, 85.—As subst.: Sāturnus, i, m., the planet Saturn, Hor. C. 2, 17, 23.—Hence,

Sāturnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian:

stella,

i. e. the planet Saturn, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17: mons, an ancient name of the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll., and Fest. p. 322 ib.: terra, i. e. Latium, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 ib. (Ann. v. 25 Vahl.); Ov. F. 5, 625; also,

tellus,

Verg. A. 8, 329;

and arva,

id. ib. 1, 569; in a wider sense: tellus, for Italy, id. G. 2, 173:

regna,

i. e. the golden age, id. E. 4, 6: proles, i. e. Picus, a son of Saturn, Ov. M. 14, 320:

gens,

i. e. the Italians, id. F. 1, 237: Juno, as daughter of Saturn, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 Vahl.); Verg. A. 12, 156; Ov. M. 4, 447:

Juppiter,

id. ib. 9, 242;

also pater (sc. Superum),

Verg. A. 4, 372; Ov. M. 1, 163:

domitor maris,

i. e. Neptune, Verg. A. 5, 799:

virgo,

i. e. Vesta, Ov. F. 6, 383: versus, the Saturnian verse, the oldest kind of metre among the Romans, in use down to the time of Ennius, Fest. s. v. Saturnus, p. 325 Müll.; cf.

of the same, numerus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 158:

carmen,

Ter. Maur. p. 2439:

metrum,

Diom. p. 512; v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. III. 9, and Bernhardy, Röm. Lit. p. 70 sq.—

Sāturnĭus, ii, m.

Jupiter, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1113 P. (Ann. v. 444 Vahl.); Ov. M. 8, 703; Claud. Gigant. 16.—

Pluto, Ov. M. 5, 420.—

Sātur-nĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the old town of Saturnia, on the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Fest. p. 325 Müll.—

Sāturnĭa, ae, f.

Juno, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 483 Vahl.); Verg. A. 1, 23; Ov. F. 1, 265; 2, 191; 5, 235; id. M. 1, 612 et saep. —

The town built by Saturn on the Capitoline Hill, the fabled beginning of Rome, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 8, 358; Ov. F. 6, 31; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68; Fest. p. 322 Müll.—

Sāturnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian; as an adj. only with festum, = Saturnalia.—

Subst.: Sāturnālĭa, iōrum, ibus (cf. on the gen.:

certum est licito et Saturnalium et Saturnaliorum dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4; Ruddim. 1, p. 97; v. also Bacchanalia, Compitalia, Vinalia, and the like), a general festival in honor of Saturn, beginning on the 17 th of December and lasting several days; the Saturnalia, Macr. S. 1, 7 sq.; Liv. 2, 21 sq.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 22 Müll.; Fest. s. v. ferias, p. 86 ib.; Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.; Cat. 14, 15; Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5; id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 22, 1 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 3, 5 et saep.:

prima,

i. e. the first day of the Saturnalia, Liv. 30, 36 Drak. N. cr.:

secunda, tertia,

the second, third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf.:

vestra Saturnalia, said of the feriae matronales, as the festival of the women,

Mart. 5, 84, 11.—

Prov.: non semper Saturnalia erunt,

every day cannot be a holiday, Sen. Apoc. 12, § 2. —Hence,

Sāturnālĭcĭus or - tĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Saturnalia, Saturnalian (post-Aug.):

tributum,

i.e. a presen given on the Saturnalia, Mart. 10, 17, 1:

nuces,

id. 5, 30, 8; 7, 91, 2:

versus,

id. 5, 19, 11.—

Sāturnĭăcus, a, um, adj., of Saturn (late Lat.), Aug. c. Faust. 20, 13. [p. 1636]

bĭdens (old form duidens), entis (abl. bidenti, Lucr. 5, 209; Verg. Cir. 212; Pomp. ap. Gell. 16, 6, 7:

bidente,

Tib. 2, 3, 6; Verg. Cat. 8, 9; Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 159; gen. plur. bidentium, Hor. C. 3, 23, 14:

bidentum,

Ov. M. 15, 575), adj. [bis-dens], with two teeth (not in Cic.).

Adj.

Lit.:

amica, i.e. anus,

Auct. Priap. 82: bos, Paul. ex Fest. p. 35 Müll.:

hostiae,

Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 206.—

Transf., with two prongs, points, etc.:

ancora,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 209:

forfex,

Verg. Cat. 8, 9:

ferrum = forfex,

id. Cir. 212.—

Subst.

Masc., a heavy hoe or mattock with two crooked iron teeth; Gr. dikella: valido bidenti ingemere, Lucr. 5, 209: Tib. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 49; 2, 3, 6:

glaebam fran/gere bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400:

duros jactare bidentis,

id. ib. 2, 355:

durus bidens et vomer aduncus,

Ov. F. 4, 927:

bidentibus soli terga convertere,

Col. 4, 14, 1; 4, 17, 8; Pall. Jul. 5; cf. id. ib. 1, 43, 1; Dig. 33, 7, 8 al.—Hence, meton. for agriculture:

bidentis amans,

Juv. 3, 228.—

Fem. (old form duidens, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66 Müll.; cf. the letter B), an animal for sacrifice (swine, sheep, ox): bidentes hostiae, quae per aetatem duos dentes altiores habent, Jul. Hyg. ap. Gell. 16, 6, 14: bidentes sunt oves duos dentes longiores ceteris habentes, Paul. ex Fest. p. 33 Müll.; Isid. Orig. 12, 1, 9. It is more correct to understand by bidens an animal for sacrifice whose two rows of teeth are complete; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.: ambidens sive bidens ovis appellabatur, quae superioribus et inferioribus est dentibus, and in Heb., the dual of, of the two rows of teeth; v. Gesen. Heb. Lex. under:

mactant lectas de more bidentīs Legiferae Cereri,

Verg. A. 4, 57 Forbig. ad loc; id. ib. 7, 93; 12, 170; * Hor. C. 3, 23, 14; Ov. M. 10, 227; 15, 575; Pompon. ap. Gell. 16, 6, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 206.— Transf. from the lang. of offerings to a general use = ovis, a sheep, Phaedr. 1, 17, 8.

cēna (not coena, caena; old form caesna; cf.

Casmena for Camena,

Fest. p. 205, 15 Müll.), ae, f. [Sanscr. khad-, eat; Umbr. çes-na; cf. Gr. knizô], the principal meal of the Romans in the early period, taken about midday, dinner, supper (Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 4; Fest. p. 338, 4 and 368, 8 Müll.); subsequently, the prandium was taken at noon, and the cena was usually begun about the 9th hour, i. e. at 3 o'clock P. M. (v. Dict. of Antiq. s. v. coena; cf.: prandium, jentaculum): cena apud antiquos dicebatur quod nunc est prandium. Vesperna, quam nunc cenam appellamus, Paul. ex Fest. l. l.; Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; Mart. 4, 8, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 1;

to begin sooner was an indication of gluttony,

Plin. Pan. 49, 6.

With substt.:

cenarum ars,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 35:

caput cenae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

mullus cenae caput,

Mart. 10, 31, 4:

ejus cenae fundus et fundamentum omne erat aula una lentis Aegyptiae,

Gell. 17, 8, 1: genus cenae sollemne, viaticum, adventicium, geniale, Philarg. ad Verg. E. 5, 74:

honos cenae,

Suet. Vesp. 2:

inpensae cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

cenarum magister,

Mart. 12, 48, 15:

ordo cenae,

Petr. 92:

cenae pater,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 7:

o noctes cenaeque deūm!

id. ib. 2, 6, 65:

mero Pontificum potiore cenis,

id. C. 2, 14, 28:

Thyestae,

id. A. P. 91.—

With adjj.:

abundantissima,

Suet. Ner. 42:

aditialis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 95, 41:

sumptuosa,

id. ib. 95, 41:

adventicia,

Suet. Vit. 13:

quorum omnis vigilandi labor in antelucanis cenis expromitur,

i. e. lasting all night, Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

auguralis,

id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

amplior,

Juv. 14, 170:

bona atque magna,

Cat. 13, 3:

brevis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

Cerialis,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 25:

dubia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 28; Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:

ebria,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 31:

grandes,

Quint. 10, 1, 58:

lautissima,

Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 1:

libera,

open table, Petr. 26:

multa de magnā fercula cenā,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 104:

munda,

id. C. 3, 29, 15:

cena non minus nitida quam frugi,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9: sororia, nuptialis. Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 60 sq.: [p. 311] Suet. Calig. 25:

opimae,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 103:

popularem quam vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:

prior,

i. e. a previous invitation, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 27:

publicae,

Suet. Ner. 16:

recta,

id. Dom. 7; Mart. 2, 69, 7; 7, 19, 2:

Saliares,

App. M. 4, p. 152, 30:

sollemnes,

Suet. Tib. 34:

subita,

Sen. Thyest. 800; Suet. Claud. 21:

terrestris,

of vegetables, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 86:

varia,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 86:

viatica,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 61.—

With verbs:

quid ego istius prandia, cenas commemorem?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49; Suet. Vit. 13:

cenam apparare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 74:

curare,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 37:

coquere,

id. Aul. 2, 7, 3; id. Cas. 3, 6, 28; 4, 1, 8; 4, 2, 2; id. Rud. 4, 7, 38 al.; Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

cenas facere,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6; cf. id. Fam. 9, 24, 2 sq.:

anteponere,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 25: committere maturo ovo, Varr. ap. Non. p. 249, 8:

praebere ternis ferculis,

Suet. Aug. 74:

ducere,

to prolong, Hor. A. P. 376:

ministrare,

id. S. 1, 6, 116:

producere,

id. ib. 1, 5, 70:

apponere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 28; Suet. Galb. 12:

deesse cenae,

Quint. 7, 3, 31:

instruere pomis et oleribus,

Gell. 2, 24 al.:

cenam dare alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 34; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

cenae adhibere aliquem,

Quint. 11, 2, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13; Suet. Caes. 73; id. Aug. 74; id. Claud. 32; id. Calig. 25; id. Tit. 9:

Taurus accipiebat nos Athenis cenā,

Gell. 17, 8, 1:

cenam cenavi tuam,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 24:

obire cenas,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6: cenam condicere alicui, to engage one ' s self to any one as a guest, promise to be one ' s guest, Suet. Tib. 42.—

With prepp.:

ante cenam,

Cato, R. R. 114; 115, 1:

inter cenam,

at table, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 58; id. Phil. 2, 25, 63; Quint. 6, 3, 10; Suet. Galb. 22; id. Aug. 71;

in this sense in Suet. several times: super cenam,

Suet. Aug. 77; id. Tib. 56; id. Ner. 42; id. Vit. 12; id. Vesp. 22; id. Tit. 8; id. Dom. 21:

post cenam,

Quint. 1, 10, 19.—

With substt. and prepp.:

aliquem Abduxi ad cenam,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91:

aliquem ad cenam aliquo condicam foras,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 18; id. Stich. 3, 1, 38:

holera et pisciculos ferre in cenam seni,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 32:

fit aliquid in cenam,

is preparing, Val. Max. 8, 1, 8:

ire ad cenam,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 6:

venire ad cenam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 61:

itare ad cenas,

Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 2:

invitare ad cenam,

id. ib. 7, 9, 3; Quint. 7, 3, 33; Suet. Claud. 4:

venire ad cenam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

promittere ad cenam,

Plin. Ep. 1, 15, 1:

vocare ad cenam,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 9; Hor. S. 2, 7, 30; Suet. Tib. 6:

devocare,

Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

redire a cenā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98. —Prov.: cenā comesā venire, i. e. to come too late:

post festum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 11:

cenam rapere de rogo,

of unscrupulous greed, Cat. 59, 3.—

Meton.

A dish, course, at dinner:

prima, altera, tertia,

Mart. 11, 31, 5 and 6.—

A company at table:

ingens cena sedet,

Juv. 2, 120.—

The place of an entertainment (cf. cenatio and cenaculum), Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 11.

cēna (not coena, caena; old form caesna; cf.

Casmena for Camena,

Fest. p. 205, 15 Müll.), ae, f. [Sanscr. khad-, eat; Umbr. çes-na; cf. Gr. knizô], the principal meal of the Romans in the early period, taken about midday, dinner, supper (Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 4; Fest. p. 338, 4 and 368, 8 Müll.); subsequently, the prandium was taken at noon, and the cena was usually begun about the 9th hour, i. e. at 3 o'clock P. M. (v. Dict. of Antiq. s. v. coena; cf.: prandium, jentaculum): cena apud antiquos dicebatur quod nunc est prandium. Vesperna, quam nunc cenam appellamus, Paul. ex Fest. l. l.; Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; Mart. 4, 8, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 1;

to begin sooner was an indication of gluttony,

Plin. Pan. 49, 6.

With substt.:

cenarum ars,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 35:

caput cenae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

mullus cenae caput,

Mart. 10, 31, 4:

ejus cenae fundus et fundamentum omne erat aula una lentis Aegyptiae,

Gell. 17, 8, 1: genus cenae sollemne, viaticum, adventicium, geniale, Philarg. ad Verg. E. 5, 74:

honos cenae,

Suet. Vesp. 2:

inpensae cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

cenarum magister,

Mart. 12, 48, 15:

ordo cenae,

Petr. 92:

cenae pater,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 7:

o noctes cenaeque deūm!

id. ib. 2, 6, 65:

mero Pontificum potiore cenis,

id. C. 2, 14, 28:

Thyestae,

id. A. P. 91.—

With adjj.:

abundantissima,

Suet. Ner. 42:

aditialis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 95, 41:

sumptuosa,

id. ib. 95, 41:

adventicia,

Suet. Vit. 13:

quorum omnis vigilandi labor in antelucanis cenis expromitur,

i. e. lasting all night, Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

auguralis,

id. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

amplior,

Juv. 14, 170:

bona atque magna,

Cat. 13, 3:

brevis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

Cerialis,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 25:

dubia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 28; Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:

ebria,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 31:

grandes,

Quint. 10, 1, 58:

lautissima,

Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 1:

libera,

open table, Petr. 26:

multa de magnā fercula cenā,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 104:

munda,

id. C. 3, 29, 15:

cena non minus nitida quam frugi,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9: sororia, nuptialis. Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 60 sq.: [p. 311] Suet. Calig. 25:

opimae,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 103:

popularem quam vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:

prior,

i. e. a previous invitation, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 27:

publicae,

Suet. Ner. 16:

recta,

id. Dom. 7; Mart. 2, 69, 7; 7, 19, 2:

Saliares,

App. M. 4, p. 152, 30:

sollemnes,

Suet. Tib. 34:

subita,

Sen. Thyest. 800; Suet. Claud. 21:

terrestris,

of vegetables, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 86:

varia,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 86:

viatica,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 61.—

With verbs:

quid ego istius prandia, cenas commemorem?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49; Suet. Vit. 13:

cenam apparare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 74:

curare,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 37:

coquere,

id. Aul. 2, 7, 3; id. Cas. 3, 6, 28; 4, 1, 8; 4, 2, 2; id. Rud. 4, 7, 38 al.; Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

cenas facere,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6; cf. id. Fam. 9, 24, 2 sq.:

anteponere,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 25: committere maturo ovo, Varr. ap. Non. p. 249, 8:

praebere ternis ferculis,

Suet. Aug. 74:

ducere,

to prolong, Hor. A. P. 376:

ministrare,

id. S. 1, 6, 116:

producere,

id. ib. 1, 5, 70:

apponere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 28; Suet. Galb. 12:

deesse cenae,

Quint. 7, 3, 31:

instruere pomis et oleribus,

Gell. 2, 24 al.:

cenam dare alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 34; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

cenae adhibere aliquem,

Quint. 11, 2, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13; Suet. Caes. 73; id. Aug. 74; id. Claud. 32; id. Calig. 25; id. Tit. 9:

Taurus accipiebat nos Athenis cenā,

Gell. 17, 8, 1:

cenam cenavi tuam,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 24:

obire cenas,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6: cenam condicere alicui, to engage one ' s self to any one as a guest, promise to be one ' s guest, Suet. Tib. 42.—

With prepp.:

ante cenam,

Cato, R. R. 114; 115, 1:

inter cenam,

at table, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 58; id. Phil. 2, 25, 63; Quint. 6, 3, 10; Suet. Galb. 22; id. Aug. 71;

in this sense in Suet. several times: super cenam,

Suet. Aug. 77; id. Tib. 56; id. Ner. 42; id. Vit. 12; id. Vesp. 22; id. Tit. 8; id. Dom. 21:

post cenam,

Quint. 1, 10, 19.—

With substt. and prepp.:

aliquem Abduxi ad cenam,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91:

aliquem ad cenam aliquo condicam foras,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 18; id. Stich. 3, 1, 38:

holera et pisciculos ferre in cenam seni,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 32:

fit aliquid in cenam,

is preparing, Val. Max. 8, 1, 8:

ire ad cenam,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 6:

venire ad cenam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 61:

itare ad cenas,

Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 2:

invitare ad cenam,

id. ib. 7, 9, 3; Quint. 7, 3, 33; Suet. Claud. 4:

venire ad cenam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

promittere ad cenam,

Plin. Ep. 1, 15, 1:

vocare ad cenam,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 9; Hor. S. 2, 7, 30; Suet. Tib. 6:

devocare,

Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

redire a cenā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98. —Prov.: cenā comesā venire, i. e. to come too late:

post festum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 11:

cenam rapere de rogo,

of unscrupulous greed, Cat. 59, 3.—

Meton.

A dish, course, at dinner:

prima, altera, tertia,

Mart. 11, 31, 5 and 6.—

A company at table:

ingens cena sedet,

Juv. 2, 120.—

The place of an entertainment (cf. cenatio and cenaculum), Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 11.

fortis (archaic form FORCTIS, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. sanates, p. 348 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 84; and perh. also in the form FORCTUS; v. id. s. v. horctum, p. 102; cf. Müll. ad Fest. p. 320, b), e, adj. [Sanscr. dhar-; v. forma, firmus], strong, powerful.

Physically (rare;

syn.: firmus, strenuus, incolumis, animosus): ecquid fortis visa est (mulier),

powerful, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 13:

set Bacchis etiam fortis tibi vissast?

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 38: sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, nunc senio confectus quiescit, a powerful horse, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 441 ed. Vahl.); so,

equus,

Lucr. 3, 8; 764; 4, 987; Verg. A. 11, 705.— Poet. transf.:

aquarum,

Lucr. 6, 530:

terrae pingue solum... Fortes invortant tauri,

Verg. G. 1, 65:

contingat modo te filiamque tuam fortes invenire,

i. e. hearty, well, Plin. Ep. 4, 1 fin.; 4, 21, 4; 6, 4, 3:

antecedebat testudo pedum LX., facta item ex fortissimis lignis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 4; so,

ligna fortissima,

Veg. 1, 24 fin.:

invalidissimum urso caput, quod leoni fortissimum,

Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130:

fortiores stomachi,

id. 32, 7, 26, § 80:

plantae fortiores fient,

Pall. Febr. 24, 7:

fortiorem illum (pontem) tueri, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 2: castra,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

aratra,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 10:

fortiora remedia,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

humeri,

Val. Fl. 1, 434:

vincula,

Sen. Hippol. 34: sol (with medius), powerful, i. e. fierce, hot, id. Med. 588:

fortiora ad hiemes frumenta, legumina in cibo,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60:

(vites) contra pruinas fortissimae,

id. 14, 2, 4, § 23.—

Mentally, strong, powerful, vigorous, firm, steadfast, stout, courageous, brave, manly, etc., answering to the Gr. andreios (very freq. in all periods and sorts of composition).

Of human beings: fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur;

sed praesenti animo uti et consilio, nec a ratione discedere,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

temperantia libidinem (aspernatur), ignaviam fortitudo: itaque videas rebus injustis justos maxime dolere, imbellibus fortes,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

gladiatores fortes et animosos et se acriter ipsos morti offerentes servare cupimus,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis appare,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 22:

viri fortes et magnanimi,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63:

vir fortis et acris animi magnique,

id. Sest. 20, 45:

boni et fortes et magno animo praediti,

id. Rep. 1, 5; 1, 3:

sapientissimi et fortissimi,

id. ib. 2, 34:

vir liber ac fortis,

id. ib. 2, 19:

horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 3:

fortissimus vir,

id. ib. 2, 25, 1; 2, 33, 4;

3, 20, 2: hunc liberta securi Divisit medium, fortissima Tyndaridarum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 100:

vis recte vivere? quis non? Si virtus hoc una potest dare, fortis omissis Hoc age deliciis,

id. Ep 1, 6, 30:

seu quis capit acria fortis Pocula,

id. S. 2, 6, 69: cavit, ne umquam infamiae ea res sibi esset, ut virum fortem decet, an honorable or worthy man, Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; cf.: FORCTIS frugi et bonus, sive validus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.; and:

HORCTUM et FORCTUM pro bono dicebant,

id. p. 102:

ego hoc nequeo mirari satis, Eum sororem despondisse suam in tam fortem familiam... Familiam optimam occupavit,

so respectable, honorable a family, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 9;

(cf. bonus): vir ad pericula fortis,

Cic. Font. 15, 33:

nondum erant tam fortes ad sanguinem civilem,

Liv. 7, 40, 2:

vir contra audaciam fortissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 85: vidi in dolore podagrae hospitem meum fortiorem, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 527, 33:

imperator in proeliis strenuus et fortis,

Quint. 12, 3, 5:

virum fortem ac strenuum scio dixisse, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 16:

si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere,

if you had proceeded with vigor, energy, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3.— Poet., with dat.:

fugacibus,

Ov. M. 10, 543; and with inf.:

fortis et asperas Tractare serpentes,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 26:

contemnere honores,

id. S. 2, 7, 86:

aurum spernere fortior Quam cogere,

id. C. 3, 3, 50; Stat. Th. 10, 906.—Prov.:

fortes fortuna adjuvat,

fortune favors the brave, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; cf.:

fortes enim non modo fortuna adjuvat, ut est in vetere proverbio, sed multo magis ratio,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11: audendum est;

fortes adjuvat ipsa Venus,

Tib. 1, 2, 16: fortibus est fortuna viris data, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 262 ed. Vahl.;

for which: audentes fortuna iuvat,

Verg. A. 10, 284; and:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586); cf. also elliptically: sedulo, inquam, faciam: sed fortuna fortes;

quare conare, quaeso,

Cic. Fin. 3, 4, 16; id. Fam. 7, 25.—

Of animals (rare):

fortes ad opera boves,

Col. 6, 1, 2:

bestiae et fortiora animalia,

Lact. 6, 10, 13.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

ex quo fit, ut animosior senectus sit quam adolescentia et fortior,

Cic. de Sen. 22, 72:

fortibus oculis,

with eyes sparkling with courage, id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

fortissimo et maximo animo ferre,

id. Fam. 6, 13 fin.:

animus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 20:

pectus,

id. Epod. 1, 14; id. S. 2, 2, 136:

fortissimo quodam animi impetu,

Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 31:

acerrima et fortissima populi Romani libertatis recuperandae cupiditas,

id. Phil. 12, 3, 7:

in re publica forte factum,

id. Att. 8, 14, 2:

ut nullum paulo fortius factum latere posset,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 8:

fortia facta,

Sall. C. 59, 6; id. J. 53, 8; Liv. 26, 39, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 38:

opera,

service, Liv. 40, 36, 11:

consilia,

id. 9, 11, 4; 25, 31, 6; Cic. Sest. 23, 57; Tac. H. 3, 67:

solatia,

id. A. 4, 8:

nulla poterat esse fortior contra dolorem et mortem disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41:

acerrimae ac fortissimae sententiae,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 13:

oratio fortis et virilis,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231; cf.:

genus dicendi forte, vehemens,

id. ib. 3, 9, 32:

non semper fortis oratio quaeritur, sed saepe placida, summissa, lenis,

id. ib. 2, 43, 183:

placidis miscentem fortia dictis,

Ov. M. 4, 652:

verba,

Prop. 1, 5, 14.—Hence, adv.: fortĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Strongly, powerfully, vigorously (rare):

astringere,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 25:

verberare virgis uvas,

Pall. Oct. 19.— Comp.:

sublatis fortius manibus,

Petr. 9:

fortius attrahere lora,

Ov. R. Am. 398:

ardere,

id. M. 6, 708.— Sup.:

fortissime urgentes,

Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32:

rigorem fortissime servat ulmus,

id. 16, 40, 77, § 210. —

(Acc. to II.) Strongly, powerfully, boldly, intrepidly, valiantly, bravely, manfully (very freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

quae (vincla, verbera, etc.) tulisse illum fortiter et patienter ferunt,

Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 7; cf.:

fortiter et sapienter ferre,

id. Att. 14, 13, 3:

fortiter excellenterque gesta,

id. Off. 1, 18, 61:

facere quippiam (with animose),

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6:

repudiare aliquid (with constanter),

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:

bellum gerere,

id. Fl. 39, 98; cf.:

sustinere impetum hostium,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11, 4:

perire,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 42:

absumptis rebus maternis atque paternis,

manfully made away with, id. Ep. 1, 15, 27.— Comp.:

pugnare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 2:

evellere spinas animo an agro,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 4:

et melius secat res,

id. S. 1, 10, 15.— Sup.:

Dolabella injuriam facere fortissime perseverat,

Cic. Quint. 8, 31:

restitit hosti,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 5.

hostio, īre, v. a., to make even, return like for like, to recompense, requite: hostire (ab antiquis) ponebatur pro aequare. Fest. s. v. status dies, p. 314 Müll.; ib. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 (ante-class.): nisi coërceo Protervitatem atque hostio ferociam, Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270; and ap. Non. 121, 16 (Trag. Rel. v. 346 Rib.):

quin promitto hostire contra, ut merueris,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 110.

hostio, īre, v. a., to strike: hostia dicta est ab eo, quod est hostire ferire, Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 Müll. (ante-class.): quae mea comminus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 212 Vahl.).

mŏlū̆crum, i, n. [mola].

A millbroom, i. e. a broom for sweeping out a mill: molucrum, quo molae verruntur, quod Graeci mulêkoron dicunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 140 Müll.—

A handle for turning a mill: molucrum, quo molae vertuntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 142 Müll. dub.; al. teruntur; cf. A. supra.—

A square log of wood at the place where sacrifices were offered, or where the mola salsa was sprinkled on the victim: Cloatius in libris sacrorum, molucrum esse, aiunt, ligneum (al. lignum) quoddam quadratum, ubi immolatur. Idem Aelius in explanatione carminum Saliarium eodem nomine appellari ait, quod sub molā supponatur. Aurelius Opilius appellat, ubi molatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 141 Müll.—

= Mola, a mooncalf, mole: molucrum... tumor ventris, qui etiam virginibus incidere solet, Paul. ex Fest. p. 140 Müll.

postīcus, a, um, adj. [post; like anticus from ante].

That is behind, hinder, back -, posterior (class., but not in Cic. or Cæs.):

est etiam hic ostium aliud posticum nostrarum aedium,

backdoor, Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 40; cf.: posticum ostium dicitur in posteriore parte aedium. Ceterum antiqui etiam vicinum habitantem ad posteriorem partem aedium sic appellarunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220 Müll.:

locus erat posticis aedium partibus,

Liv. 23, 8: perrexit in interiores partes domuis posticae, of the backbuilding, out - house, Varr. ap. Non. 217, 7:

domo posticā egressus,

Val. Max. 5, 7, 3:

muri,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.: vicinus, v. Paul. ex Fest. l. l.: non peperit, verum posticā parte profudit, with the posteriors, Lucil. ap. Non. 217, 17:

sannae,

made behind the back, Pers. 1, 62:

pedes,

hind feet, Sol. 26:

pars palatii,

Suet. Oth. 6:

posticam lineam in agris dividendis Serv. Sulpicius appellavit, ab exoriente sole ad occidentem quae spectabat,

Fest. p. 233 Müll.: quae ante nos sunt, antica: et quae post nos sunt, postica dicuntur: et dextram anticam, sinistram posticam dicimus. Sic etiam ea caeli pars, quae sole illustratur ad meridiem, antica nominatur, quae ad septentrionem postica, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220 Müll.; cf.:

ejus templi partes quattuor dicuntur: sinistra ab oriente, dextra ab occasu, antica ad meridiem, postica ad septentrionem,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 7 Müll.—

Subst.

postīca, ae, f., a backdoor (post-class.), App. M. 9, p. 217, 25; Dig. 7, 1, 13.—

postīcum, i, n.

A backdoor (the prevailing form for this signif.):

per posticum se conferre,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 27:

atria servantem postico falle clientem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 31; Vulg. Dan. 13, 18.—

The back part of a building, the rear front, Titin. ap. Non. 217, 19:

in pronao, et postico,

Vitr. 3, 1.—

A backhouse, privy (anteclass.), Lucil. ap. Non. 217, 20.—

The posteriors, the fundament (ante- and postclass.): retrimenta cibi, quae exierunt per posticum, Varr. ap. Non. 217, 24; also in plur., Arn. 2, 54.

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.

sarcĭo, sarsi, sartum, 4, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. Gr. rhaptô], to patch, botch, mend, repair, restore, etc.: sarcire est integrum facere, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. sarte, p. 323 Müll. (class.; cf.: renovo, instauro, redintegro).

Lit.:

funes veteres, centones, cuculiones,

Cato, R. R. 2, 3; cf.:

in vestimento sartum quod comprehensum,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:

corbulas,

Cato, R. R. 23, 1; 31, 1:

dolia,

id. ib. 39, 1 sq.; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 236:

aedes,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 68; 1, 2, 34:

seminaria,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 243:

rupta intestina,

id. 28, 14, 58, § 210:

perniones rimasque pedum,

id. 28, 16, 62, § 221.— Poet.:

generis (apum) lapsi ruinas,

Verg. G. 4, 249. — Transf.:

sartum vulnus,

healed, Scrib. Comp. 206.—

Trop., to make good, make amends for; to correct, repair:

detrimentum in bello acceptum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 1; so, acceptum detrimentum, id. B. C. [p. 1631] 1, 45;

3, 67: acceptum incommodum virtute,

id. ib. 3, 73:

damna,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 5; Liv. 9, 23; Col. 9, 15, 3; cf.:

sarcito in XII. Servius Sulpicius ait significare damnum solvito, praestato,

Fest. p. 322 Müll.:

injuriam,

Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 8:

tantum studium infamiae sarciendae,

Caes. B. C. 3, 74:

usuram longi temporis,

to restore, Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 1:

an male sarta Gratia nequicquam coit et rescinditur?

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 31.—Hence, sartus, a, um, P. a., mended, repaired, put in order, only in the phrase sartus tectus, adj.; or more freq. subst. in the neutr. plur. sarta tecta, buildings in good repair:

sarte ponebant pro integre. Ob quam causam opera publica, quae locantur, ut integra praestentur, sarta tecta vocantur,

Fest. p. 322 Müll.; cf. Charis. p. 195 fin., and Inscr. Orell. 2488:

cum consules aedes sacras locavissent neque potuissent omnia sarta tecta exigere...factum est senatus consultum: quibus de sartis tectis cognitum non esset... Quaesivit quis aedem Castoris sartam tectam deberet tradere... Monumentum quamvis sartum tectum integrumque esset, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130 sq.; so,

sarta tecta,

id. ib. 2, 1, 40, § 103; 2, 1, 49, § 128 Zumpt N. cr.; 2, 1, 50, § 130; 2, 1, 51, § 136; Liv. 42, 3; Dig. 1, 16, 7; 7, 1, 7; 7, 8, 18; cf.:

sarta tecta aedium sacrarum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Vulg. 4 Reg. 12, 5; id. 2 Par. 24, 5.—

Trop.:

sarta tecta tua praecepta usque habui mea modestia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 36:

hoc mihi da, ut M'. Curium sartum et tectum, ut aiunt, ab omnique incommodo sincerum integrumque conserves,

Cic. Fam. 13, 50, 2.—Hence, adv.: sartē pro integre... Porphyrio ex Verrio et Festo in Auguralibus, inquit, libris ita est:

sane sarteque,

Charis. p. 195 fin.; 196 init. P.; cf. supra the pass. from Fest.<

sŏlox, ōcis, adj. (cf.: salvus, solidus; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 486; ante- and post-class.).

Lit., of raw, unwrought wool, of a coarse staple, coarse, harsh, bristly:

solox, lana crassa, et pecus, quod passim pascitur non tectum,

Fest. p. 301 Müll.: lana, Titin. ap. Fest. 1. 1.: pecore hirto atque soloce, Lucil. ap. Fest. 1. 1.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 300 Müll.: solox, erion pachu, Gloss. Philox.:

pallium philosophorum soloci lana,

Fronto Eloq. p. 228 Mai.—

Transf., subst.: solox, ōcis, f. (sc. vestis), a dress of coarse woollen stuff, Tert. Pall. 4 med. —

Trop.:

elaboratam filo soloci accipe cantilenam,

coarse, Symm. Ep. 1, 1 med. (cf.:

munusculum levidense crasso filo,

Cic. Fam. 9, 12, 2).