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81 ἄλπνιστος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: See below. (Pi. I. 5 (4), 12)Other forms: ἔπαλπνος `amiable' (Pi. P. 8, 84) = ἡδύς, προσηνής (Sch.); ἀλπαλέον ἀγαπητόν H., from which (perhaps) ἁρπαλέος (influenced by ἁρπάζω; the gloss ἁπάλιμα· ἁρπακτά, προσφιλῆ shows the double meaning; cf. also ἁρπαλίζομαι· ἀσμένως δέχομαι H.). Here also the PN Άλπονίδης (inscr. Karthaia), Bechtel Namenstudien 5f., from ῎Αλπων.Dialectal forms: ἄλπαρ inscr. Crete; uncertain.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: For ἄλπνιστος Wackernagel KZ 43, 377 reads *ἄλπιστος, a primary superlative formation and attested as PN (A. Pers. 982; but text uncertain). The assumption of an old r\/n-stem, once popular, is unnecessary (the Cretan form would point to it). - ἀλπ- as *Ϝαλπ-, zero grade of *Ϝελπ- in ἔλπομαι, ἐλπίς, is doubtful (one expects *Ϝλαπ-).Page in Frisk: 1,78Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλπνιστος
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82 ἀλφάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `earn, fetch' (E.)Compounds: ἀλφεσίβοιος `bringing in (many) oxen' of girls; type τερψίμβροτος, with shortening for *ἀλφησι- as in ἑλκεσίπεπλος.Derivatives: ἀλφή `produce, gain' (Lyc.)Etymology: The thematic aorist ἀλφεῖν agrees, except for the accent, with Skt. árhati `earn' (* h₂elgʷʰ-). ἀλφή corresponds with Lith. algà `wages', but they are prob. independent formations. The Greek aor. from zero grade *h₂l̥gʷʰ-. - On ἀλφαίνω = ἀμείβω in Aetius s. Benvenist, Année sociolog. 1951, 19-20.See also: ἀλφηστήςPage in Frisk: 1,81Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλφάνω
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83 ἅμα
Grammatical information: prep., adv.Meaning: `at the same time (with), together (with)' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Dor. ἁμᾶ, orig. instrum., s. Schwyzer 550. ἀμεῖ loc. Delphi. ἁμάκις· ἅπαξ, Κρῆτες H.; Tarent. ἁμάτις H.Derivatives: ἄμυδις (Aeol.) `together'.Etymology: Prob. the zero grade of the root * sem-, * som- in εἷς, ὁμός; perhaps *sm̥h₂-, s. on ὁμός. On the -α s. Schwyzer 622: 8; cf. Ruijgh on κάρτ-α, FS Leroy 1980,189ff. Vgl. 2. ἀμάομαι.See also: ἄμαξαPage in Frisk: 1,83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅμα
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84 ἀμυσχρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `untainted, pure' (Parth.).Other forms: Also ἀμυχρός (S. ap. Phot., Suid.) and ἀμυχνός, ἀμυγνός, ἀμύσκαρος (Suid.); ἄμουχα καθαρεύουσα, Λάκωνες H. ἀμυσχῆναι καθᾶραι, ἁγνίσαι H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: "Dies mutet alles sehr vorgriechisch an (κ\/γ\/χ; σ\/zero)" Fur. 299; also σκ \/ ξ, if Fur. is right in connecting ἀμύξανος ἀνόσιος H. (with α-intensivum), cf. Fur. 393. To μύσκος μίασμα, κῆδος H. Not to ἀπομύσσω, μύξα.Page in Frisk: 1,98Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμυσχρός
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85 ἀνδρεϊφόντῃ
ἀνδρεϊφόντῃGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: Ένυαλίῳ ἀ. (B 651)Etymology: The final after ἀργεϊφόντης (q. v.); v. Wilamowitz Hom. Unt. 299 A. 10, cf. Wackernagel Unt. 172. To be read ἀνr̥φοντ-, with the zero grade of *h₂nr̥-; cf. on ἀνδροτής; Schmitt, Dichtersprache 1967, 124f.Page in Frisk: 1,105Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνδρεϊφόντῃ
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86 ἄνθραξ
ἄνθραξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `charcoal' (Ar.), metaph. `carbuncle' (Arist.).Other forms: mostly pl. ἄνθρακεςDerivatives: Many deriv., e.g. ἀνθρακών m. `heap of coals' (Hdn.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One compares Arm. ant`-el `charcoal', and further Georg. *nt` in v-a-nt`-ab `kindle' (Vogt NTS 9,333), but the formations are quite different. S. Winter Prothet. Vokal 45. - Fur. 197, 393 compares ἀνδράχλη `warming-pan, brazier' Eust. (cf. ἀνθράκιον `brazier'); further κάνδαρος ἄνθραξ H. (391) with κ-\/zero; cf. the suffix - ακ- (Bee. Pre-Gr.). So substr. origin is clear. (Comparison with Hitt. ant- `warm' is useless: it does not explain the formation of the Greek word.)Page in Frisk: 1,109-110Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄνθραξ
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87 ἄντηστις
Grammatical information: ?Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From ἄντην ἵστασθαι, with ἄντη- as first member. The second member is the zero grade - στ- with suffix - ι-, cf. ἔξαστις \< *ἔξ-αν-στ-ις. Bechtel Lex. s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,113Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄντηστις
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88 ἄοζος
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: ἄζος = θεράπων or θεράπαινα Seleucus et Gloss. ap. Ath. 6, 267c = Eust. 1024, 44 and 1090, 56.Dialectal forms: Myc. aozejo prob. not here.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: In the same sense ὄζος in epic ὄζος Ἄρηος, if = θεράπων Ἄ., cf. ὀζεία (cod. ὀζειέα) θεραπεία H. This ὄζος is considered to be identical with ὄζος `branch', as did the ancients: ὁ κλάδος τοῦ πολέμου H. Modern scholars take it as `sprout', but DELG notes that ὄζος does not have this meaning. Nevertheless one assumes the same etymology: * o-zd-o-, i.e. prefix o- and zero grade of sed- `sit (down)', so orig. `comes, companion'; not very convincing. ἄ-οζος could have α copulativum, perhaps under influence of ἀοσσέω (q. v.), ἄοσσος. Brugmann IF 19, 379 against Schulze Q. 498, who explains ἄοζος from *ἀ-σοδ-ι̯ο-ς, from ὁδός, what Frisk and DELG do not reject. - Fur. 341 cites the form ἄζος, and concludes from α\/ο that the word is Pre-Greek. He assumes (374) with Frisk that ἄοζος has a secondary α copulativum, which is uncertain, however; it could be a real Pre-Greek prothesis.Page in Frisk: 1,116Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄοζος
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89 ἄορ
ἄορ, - οροςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `sword' (Il.)Compounds: (gen.) χρυσάορος, χρυσάορ -α, -ι (Il.), epithet of gods and godesses, also of Orpheus, `with golden sword', but others take it as `with golden (hanging) ornament' (below); also PN Χρυσάωρ (Hes.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [771] *n̥s- `sword'Etymology: ἄορ was taken as noun of ἀείρω with orig. meaning `what hangs', what would fit χρυσάορος well. With o-grade or Aeolic zero grade. Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 312f., rejects this, and assumes *n̥s-r̥, connected with Lat. ensis and Skt. asi- (both with *n̥s-), though the Skt. word means `butcher's knife'. One points also to Pal. hasira- dagger', but * h₂ns- would give Gr. *αν-.Page in Frisk: 1,117Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄορ
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90 ἀπελλαι
ἀπέλλαιGrammatical information: f. pl.Meaning: `(people's) assembly' (IG 5: 1, 1144, 21; 1146, 41; Gytheion Ia); = σηκοί, ἐκκλησίαι, ἀρχαιρεσίαι H.Dialectal forms: Dorian.Derivatives: Άπελλαῖος, - αιών Dor. month name (Delphi, Epidauros; Tenos); ἀπελλαῖα, τὰ `sacrifice at the apellai' (Delphi); ἀπελλακάς ἱερῶν κοινωνούς H. - Denom. ἀπελλάζω, Lacon. for ἐκκλησιάζω (Plu., H.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Solmsen Wortforsch. 18f. assumed *n̥-pel-i̯ă, zero grade of ἐν and a verb cognate to Lat. pello `push', so orig. `pushing inwards'; but *n̥- is rare. Rejected by Lagercrantz Mélanges Boisacq 2, 57ff., who takes it as `calling forth', to Lat. appello, populus, Goth. spill (cf. ἀπειλή), from * apo-pelia; Frisk thinks the preverb not fitting. See Bq.; Barić (s. Mayer Glotta 32, 75): Macedonian, to ὀφέλλω. So the etym. is unknown. Formally IE * h₂pel- is possible. - On the meaning De Sainte Croix, Origins Pelop. War 1972, 346f. S. also ' Απόλλων.Page in Frisk: 1,120Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀπελλαι
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91 ἀπούρᾱς
ἀπούρᾱςGrammatical information: aor. ptc.Meaning: `taking away, depriving' (Il.)Etymology: For *ἀπο-Ϝρᾱς (see Lejeune Traité de phonétique 154 u. 197). To the root aor. 3. Sg. ἀπ-ηυρᾱ (= *ἀπ-η-Ϝρᾱ with long augment). Ptc. med. ἀπουρᾰ́μενος (Hes. Sc. 173), analogical as zero grade - urh₂- would have given -Ϝρᾱ-. 1sg. ἀπηύρων (after the type ἐτίμα: ἐτίμων); see Chantr. Gramm. hom. 356, 379f.; also DELG. The barytonesis is Aeolic (Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 119), not after the s-aor., which does not exist. The root * ureh₂- is not known from other languages. See Sinclair, Class. Rev. 39 (1925) 99ff; Strunk Glotta 37 (1958) 118-127. - On ἀπό-ερσε s.s.v.Page in Frisk: 1,125Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀπούρᾱς
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92 ἄρδα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `dirt' (Pherekr. 53).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. Connection with ἄ̄ρδω `benetzen' is impossible because of the short ἀ- in ἄρδα. The ending has been explained as -ρδι̯ᾰ (\> -ρzδᾰ \> - ρδᾰ) or with secondary shortening from -η, Schwyzer 476 sub 6. Fur. 391f compares δάρδα· μόλυσμα and δαρδαίνει μολύνει H., with δ\/zero? the glosses cannot be ignored. Is it simply loss of δ- through dissimilation, or does it point to a substr. word? (Wrong vW.)Page in Frisk: 1,134Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρδα
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93 ἄ̄ριστον
ἄ̄ριστονGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `breakfast' (Il.), later taken in the afternoon, s. Athen. 11b ff.Derivatives: Denom. ἀ̄ριστάω `have breakfast' (Ion.-Att.) with ἀριστητής i.e. who eats twice a day (Hp.).Etymology: Lit. "early eating", contraction of a locative ἆρι (\< *αἴερ-ι, s. ἦρι) and the zero grade of ἐδ- `eat' (s. ἐσθίω) + το-suffix: * h₂eieri-h₁d-to-; s. Bechtel Lex.Page in Frisk: 1,140Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄ̄ριστον
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94 ἄρσην
ἄρσην, - ενοςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `male' (Il.).Etymology: With ἔρσην cf. Av. OPers. aršan- `man, male'; ἄρσην, ἄρρην will have zero grade, and is compared with Skt. r̥ṣa-bhá- `bull'. Doubtful is the connection with Skt. árṣati `flow'. Further there is Skt. vŕ̥ṣan- (to várṣati `rain'? s. on ἔρση, οὑρανός, οὑρέω); cf. Benveniste BSL 45, 100ff. - The difficulty is that an IE root cannot have vocalic anlaut; and h₁ would have given ἐ- throughout, and h₂ ἀ-. Therefore the word must have had Ϝ-; thus Peters, Lar. 9f. - Cf. ἀρνειός, ἀρνευτήρ.Page in Frisk: 1,152-153Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρσην
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95 ἄρυα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Other forms: Cf. αὑαρά τὰ Ποντικὰ κάρυα H.; mistake for κάρυα?Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] [61] [531]Etymology: - ἄρυον is considered a variant of κάρυον, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 155f.; note however, that the gloss is our only evidence for a form with k-. - With ἄρυα G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 17 compared Alb. arrë f. `nut, nut-tree', OCS orěxъ `nut', with Lith. ríešas, ríešutas `nut', Latv. riẽksts `nut', OPr. buccareisis `beech-nut' (first element bucus `beech'). The BSl. forms have *a\/or- beside *r-, followed by - ei-, so they are very far removed from the Greek forms. - Cf. Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 238, who assumes parallel loans from a non-IE language, which seems probable; note that * kar- cannot be IE (it would require * kh₂r-, which is quite improbable). PIE had no prefix *k- (DELG); one would rather think of a form * qar-, of which the first phoneme (a uvular) was rendered as k- or zero.Page in Frisk: 1,157Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρυα
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96 ἀσελγής
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `licentious, wanton, unconstrained' (Lys.).Other forms: Unclear ἀσάλγαν ὕβριν, ἀμέλειαν and ἀσαλγάνας φοβερός, εἴρηκε δε οὔτως παραβαρβαρίζων H.; as the final remark says, this may be just a vulgar or `barbarian' pronunciation.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unknown. See Havers IF 28, 194ff. (Boeotian for *ἀθελγής; meaning difficult; α- from zero grade of ἐν). As to the glosses, α\/ε is frequent in Pre-Greek words, ἀσαλγα may be a Pre-Greek φορματιον = ἀσελγεία, the form of the second gloss is unexplained (as is the meaning). I am not sure whether the conclusion of substr. origin is allowed.Page in Frisk: 1,161Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀσελγής
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97 ἄση
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `nausea, loathing, vexation' (Hp.).Dialectal forms: Aeol. ἄσᾱDerivatives: ἀσηρός (-ᾱ-) `causing discomfort, feeling disgust ' (Hp.). Denom.(?) ἀσάομαι `feel nausea' (Hp.)Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]Etymology: If originally `supersaturation', ἄση belongs to ἆ-σαι, ἄ̄-μεναι, but the formation makes difficulty. Solmsen Wortforsch. 242ff. assumes analogically preserved σᾱ-suffix from the zero grade ἀ̆-, PIE * sh₂-. He rejects a form *sh₂-ti̯ā. Better is *ἄδσ-ᾱ, from the σ-stem in ἅδος `satiation' (Il.); simplification of the - σ- (except perhaps in ἀσσαροτέρας Sapph. 77) due to epic influence?; s. Schwyzer 321. Not very convincing. - Cf. ἆσαι, ἅδην, ἀδμολίη.Page in Frisk: 1,161Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄση
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98 ἄσθμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `short-drawn breath, panting', as medic. term `asthma' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unclear. - θμα is known as a suffix (cf. ἴ-θμα), but derivation from h₂enh₁- `breathe' in ἄνεμος seems impossible: it would give ἀνε- (also as the result of zero grade * h₂nh₁-). For the - σ- cf. ἰ-σθμός. Chantr. gives the difficult comment: "dans le cas de ἄσθμα le σ donne une certaine valeur d'harmonie imitative." If he means that it is onomatopoetic, this could be supposed for the (whole) root ἀσ-.Page in Frisk: 1,161-162Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσθμα
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99 ἀσίαρος
Grammatical information: adj.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Fur. 391 n. 14 take it a Pre-Greek (with other cases of dental\/zero).Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀσίαρος
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100 ἄσις
ἄσις, - ιοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `slime, mud' (Il. Φ 321).Derivatives: ἀσώδης (A. Supp. 31); for *ἀσιώδης after the homonym from ἄση? Ancient commentators derived B 461, the reading Άσίω, without second ι, from this word (Eust.), instead of from Άσία.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Schulze BerlAkSb. 1910, 793 (= Kl. Schr. 11 6f.) compared Skt. ásita- `dark, black' (cf. Skt. hári- `yellow' beside hári-ta- `id.'), with ἀ- \< n̥- in order to explain the s in ἄσις, s. Schwyzer 307. - Fur. 80 n. 426 compares ἄα σύστημα ὔδατος H. (but σ\/zero is unknown in Pre-Gr. words).Page in Frisk: 1,162Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσις
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