dēspērātĭo

dēspērātĭo, ōnis, f. [despero], hopelessness, despair:

desperatio est aegritudo sine ulla rerum exspectatione meliorum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18.

Prop. (good prose and very freq.).

With gen.:

omnium rerum amissio et desperatio recuperandi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2:

omnium rerum,

id. Cat. 2, 11 fin. (opp. bona spes); Liv. 21, 1; Suet. Ner. 2 et saep.:

victoriae,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5:

magna pacis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11, 3:

omnium salutis,

id. ib. 1, 5, 3; Liv. 3, 2 et saep.—

Absol.:

magna desperatione affectus,

Cic. Att. 14, 19:

ad summam desperationem pervenire,

Caes. B. C. 2, 42, 2:

ad desperationem adducti,

Nep. Eum. 12; cf.:

ad desperationem redactus,

Suet. Aug. 81:

in desperatione esse,

Front. Strat. 3, 17, 7:

ad desperationem formidine properare,

Tac. H. 2, 46 et saep.:

a desperatione iram accendit,

Liv. 31, 17; cf. Tac. H. 2, 44 fin. —In plur.:

desperationes eorum, qui, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 6.—

Meton., desperate boldness, foolhardiness:

desperatio truculentae feminae, Ap. M. 10, p. 251: periculosa,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 2, 26; id. Sirach, 27, 24. [p. 559]

* * *

* * *

* * *

cĕler, ĕris, e ( masc. cĕleris, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 760 P.; fem. celer, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.; cf. acer; sup. celerissimus, Enn. and Manlius ap. Prisc. l. l.) [cello; cf. Doed. Syn. 2, pp. 123 and 93, urging, pressing forward; cf. also 1. cello], swift, fleet, quick, speedy (with the access. idea of energy, struggling, and even power; v. Doed. above cited; syn.: expeditus, promptus, velox, citatus; opp. tardus, segnis, lentus).

Of corporeal objects:

face te propere celerem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 1:

hasta, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.: sagitta,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 9; Ov. M. 5, 367: configebat tardus celeres (sc. aves), Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 32:

pennae,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

Mercurius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 13:

Cynthia,

id. ib. 3, 28, 12:

Diana,

Ov. M. 4, 304:

deae,

id. ib. 2, 119:

rivi,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 14:

curriculum,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 13:

flamma,

Lucr. 2, 192; cf. id. 5, 302:

ignis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 76:

motus,

Lucr. 4, 177; cf.:

celer atque instabilis motus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 5:

receptus,

id. B. C. 1, 59:

lapsus,

Lucr. 4, 324; Ov. M. 6, 216:

ictus,

Lucr. 3, 636:

impete,

id. 6, 334:

turbo,

Verg. A. 12, 855:

venti,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 10; 1, 15, 3; 1, 14, 5:

cerva,

Cat. 64, 341:

canis,

Tib. 4, 3, 14:

equus,

id. 1, 2, 70; 4, 1, 91:

lupi,

id. 2, 1, 20:

classis,

Cat. 64, 53:

ratis,

id. 63, 1:

navis,

id. 4, 2:

carina,

Ov. M. 9, 447:

lintres,

Prop. 1, 14, 3:

pedes,

id. 3 (4), 9, 18:

remedia,

quickly working, efficacious, Nep. Att. 21, 2.— Poet. with gen. gerund:

nandi,

Sil. 4, 587.—With inf.:

excipere aprum,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 11; so id. ib. 4, 6, 39; id. Ep. 1, 20, 25.— Poet., celer for celeriter, Ov. M. 2, 119; 2, 838; 9, 765.—

Of mental and abstract objects:

oderunt Sedatum celeres,

lively, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 90; cf. Vell. 2, 73:

mens, quā nihil est celerius,

Cic. Or. 59, 200; cf. Lucr. 3, 183:

oratio celeris et concitata,

rapid, hurried, Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 138; 9. 4, 83; 9, 4, 111;

9, 4, 135: consilium,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 1.—

Implying reproach, rash, hasty, precipitate:

consilia,

Liv. 9, 32, 3; so id. 22, 38, 13; cf. id. 2, 51, 7;

and so iambi (of the fire of youth),

rash, hasty, Hor. C. 1, 16, 24:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 3:

desperatio rerum,

Liv. 21, 1, 5:

ratione,

Lucr. 4, 144; 4, 255; 4, 775:

fata celerrima,

Verg. A. 12, 507:

mors,

Tib. 4, 1, 205.— Adv., quickly, speedily (syn.: velociter, cito, continuo, confestim, festinanter).

cĕlĕrĕ, Enn. et Nov. ap. Non. p. 510, 9 sq.; Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 4.—

cĕlĕrĭter, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 2; Cic. Att. 15, 27, 1; id. Fam. 3, 1, 2; 9, 11, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 52 et saep.— Comp. celerius, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 24, § 60; Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 3; Nep. Cim. 3, 2 al.— Sup. celerrime, Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45; Caes. B. G. 1, 37 al.

Cĕler, ĕris, m., a Roman cognomen in the gens Caecilia, Domitia, Egnatia, etc., Cic. Brut. 89, 305; id. Att. 10, 1, 4; Sall. C. 30, 5 al.

Cĕler, v. Celeres.

cĕler, ĕris, e ( masc. cĕleris, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 760 P.; fem. celer, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.; cf. acer; sup. celerissimus, Enn. and Manlius ap. Prisc. l. l.) [cello; cf. Doed. Syn. 2, pp. 123 and 93, urging, pressing forward; cf. also 1. cello], swift, fleet, quick, speedy (with the access. idea of energy, struggling, and even power; v. Doed. above cited; syn.: expeditus, promptus, velox, citatus; opp. tardus, segnis, lentus).

Of corporeal objects:

face te propere celerem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 1:

hasta, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.: sagitta,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 9; Ov. M. 5, 367: configebat tardus celeres (sc. aves), Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 32:

pennae,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

Mercurius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 13:

Cynthia,

id. ib. 3, 28, 12:

Diana,

Ov. M. 4, 304:

deae,

id. ib. 2, 119:

rivi,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 14:

curriculum,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 13:

flamma,

Lucr. 2, 192; cf. id. 5, 302:

ignis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 76:

motus,

Lucr. 4, 177; cf.:

celer atque instabilis motus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 5:

receptus,

id. B. C. 1, 59:

lapsus,

Lucr. 4, 324; Ov. M. 6, 216:

ictus,

Lucr. 3, 636:

impete,

id. 6, 334:

turbo,

Verg. A. 12, 855:

venti,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 10; 1, 15, 3; 1, 14, 5:

cerva,

Cat. 64, 341:

canis,

Tib. 4, 3, 14:

equus,

id. 1, 2, 70; 4, 1, 91:

lupi,

id. 2, 1, 20:

classis,

Cat. 64, 53:

ratis,

id. 63, 1:

navis,

id. 4, 2:

carina,

Ov. M. 9, 447:

lintres,

Prop. 1, 14, 3:

pedes,

id. 3 (4), 9, 18:

remedia,

quickly working, efficacious, Nep. Att. 21, 2.— Poet. with gen. gerund:

nandi,

Sil. 4, 587.—With inf.:

excipere aprum,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 11; so id. ib. 4, 6, 39; id. Ep. 1, 20, 25.— Poet., celer for celeriter, Ov. M. 2, 119; 2, 838; 9, 765.—

Of mental and abstract objects:

oderunt Sedatum celeres,

lively, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 90; cf. Vell. 2, 73:

mens, quā nihil est celerius,

Cic. Or. 59, 200; cf. Lucr. 3, 183:

oratio celeris et concitata,

rapid, hurried, Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 138; 9. 4, 83; 9, 4, 111;

9, 4, 135: consilium,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 1.—

Implying reproach, rash, hasty, precipitate:

consilia,

Liv. 9, 32, 3; so id. 22, 38, 13; cf. id. 2, 51, 7;

and so iambi (of the fire of youth),

rash, hasty, Hor. C. 1, 16, 24:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 3:

desperatio rerum,

Liv. 21, 1, 5:

ratione,

Lucr. 4, 144; 4, 255; 4, 775:

fata celerrima,

Verg. A. 12, 507:

mors,

Tib. 4, 1, 205.— Adv., quickly, speedily (syn.: velociter, cito, continuo, confestim, festinanter).

cĕlĕrĕ, Enn. et Nov. ap. Non. p. 510, 9 sq.; Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 4.—

cĕlĕrĭter, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 2; Cic. Att. 15, 27, 1; id. Fam. 3, 1, 2; 9, 11, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 52 et saep.— Comp. celerius, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 24, § 60; Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 3; Nep. Cim. 3, 2 al.— Sup. celerrime, Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45; Caes. B. G. 1, 37 al.

Cĕler, ĕris, m., a Roman cognomen in the gens Caecilia, Domitia, Egnatia, etc., Cic. Brut. 89, 305; id. Att. 10, 1, 4; Sall. C. 30, 5 al.

Cĕler, v. Celeres.

in-cēdo, cessi, cessum ( sync. perf. incesti, Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 11), 3, v. n. and a., to go, step, or march along at a measured pace (class.).

Lit.

In gen.

Neutr.:

tenero et molli ingressu suspendimus gradum: non ambulamus, sed incedimus,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 31:

per vias,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 71; cf.:

socios per ipsos,

Verg. A. 5, 188:

viā,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 32:

tota in urbe,

Ov. F. 6, 653:

quacumque incederet,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

quam taeter incedebat, quam truculentus,

id. Sest. 8, 19:

incessit deinde, qua duxit praedae spes, victor exercitus,

Liv. 8, 36, 9:

etiam si pedes incedat, memorabilem fore,

id. 28, 9, 15: servi pedibus, liberi non nisi equis incedunt. i. e. walk... ride, Just. 41, 3, 4; cf.:

incedunt pueri, pariterque ante ora parentum Frenatis lucent in equis,

Verg. A. 5, 553:

a foro domum,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 6:

sessum impransum,

id. Poen. prol. 10:

qui huc incedit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 152:

ad me,

id. Am. 1, 1, 179:

huc ad nos,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 27; cf.:

undique nuntii incedunt, qui afferrent, etc.,

Tac. A. 11, 32:

ut ovans praeda onustus incederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 146:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174:

quem modo decoratum ovantemque victoria incedentem vidistis,

Liv. 1, 16, 10; 2, 6, 7:

claro honore,

Lucr. 3, 76:

omnibus laetitiis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 2:

incedunt per ora vestra magnifici,

Sall. J. 31, 10:

ego quae divum incedo regina,

who walk majestic as, who am, Verg. A. 1, 46; cf. Prop. 2, 2, 6:

matrona incedit census induta nepotum,

id. 3, 13, 11 (4, 12):

ut mea Luxuria Nemesis fluat ut que per urbem Incedat donis conspicienda meis,

Tib. 2, 3, 52.—

With acc.:

incedunt maestos locos,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

scaenam,

id. ib. 14, 15:

fontem aquae nando,

id. ib. 14, 22.—

In partic., in milit. lang., to move forwards, advance, march:

barbari in perculsos Romanos acrius incedere,

Sall. J. 101, 7:

in erumpentes,

Liv. 9, 21:

cohortes paulatim incedere jubet,

Sall. C. 60, 1:

munito agmine,

id. J. 46, 6:

agmen reliquum incedere coepit,

Liv. 21, 33, 1:

segnius Hispanorum signa incedebant,

id. 28, 14, 18:

Sabini usque ad portas urbis populantes incessere,

id. 2, 63, 7:

propius incedentes,

Tac. A. 4, 47:

quod gnarum duci incessitque itineri et proelio paratus,

id. ib. 1, 51 (Ritter, but Halm omits paratus).—

Trop.

In gen. (rare):

malitiae lenonis contra incedam,

will encounter, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 31:

facilius ad inventionem animus incedet si, etc.,

will proceed to, Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 45 Orell. N. cr. —

In partic.

To triumph over, exult over; with dat.:

meo nunc superbus incedis malo,

Hor. Epod. 15, 18:

ille superbus incedet victis rivalibus,

Juv. 12, 126.—

Of inanim. and abstr. subjects, to come to, happen to, befall, attack, seize one; to approach, arrive, appear, occur (perh. not in Cic.); constr. with dat., acc., in and acc., or absol.

With dat. (so most freq.):

exercitui omni tantus incessit ex incommodo dolor, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 74, 1:

magnus omnium incessit timor animis,

id. ib. 2, 29, 1:

mulieres, quibus belli timor insolitus incesserat, etc.,

Sall. C. 31, 3 Kritz N. cr.; id. H. 2, 60:

gravior cura patribus incessit,

Liv. 4, 57, 10:

incedebat enim deterrimo cuique licentia,

Tac. A. 3, 36:

cupido incessit animo,

Curt. 7, 11, 4; 3, 1, 16:

si sterilitas annorum incessit hominibus,

Col. 2, 10, 1; Val. Max. 1, 8, 5.—

With acc.:

ipsum ingens cupido incesserat Tarenti potiundi,

Liv. 24, 13, 5:

timor patres incessit, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 17, 4; 2, 7, 1; 2, 32, 1;

7, 39, 4 et saep.: indignatio hostes incessit,

id. 3, 60:

adversa valetudo aliquem,

Tac. A. 3, 71:

ingens animos desperatio incessit,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; 3, 8, 25:

stupor omnes et admiratio incessit,

Just. 22, 6, 11: cupido incessit aliquem (with acc. and inf.), Sulp. Sev. Chron. 1, 38, 6; 2, 16, 3.—

With in and acc.:

vis morbi, pestilentia incedit in castra, in Poenos Romanosque,

Liv. 29, 10, 3: pestilentia incesserat pari clade in Romanos [p. 918] Poenosque, id. 28, 46, 15.—

Absol.:

nova nunc religio unde istaec incessit?

Ter. And. 4, 3, 15:

tantus eo facto timor incessit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101;

Auct. B. Alex. 7: postquam tenebrae incedebant,

Tac. A. 15, 37; cf.:

ubi crepusculum incesserit,

Col. 11, 1, 18:

ubi tempestas incessit,

id. 12, 2, 5:

frigora,

id. 12, 52, 12:

siccitates,

id. 5, 9, 11:

lascivia atque superbia incessere,

Sall. J. 41, 3:

ubi Romam legati venere, tanta commutatio incessit, uti, etc.,

id. ib. 13, 7:

religio deinde incessit, vitio eos creatos,

Liv. 8, 17, 4:

ubi pro modestia ac pudore ambitio et vis incedebat,

Tac. A. 3, 26:

haud invito imperatore ea fieri occultus rumor incedebat,

went abroad, spread about, id. ib. 2, 55 fin.

praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

neve domi praesume dapes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757:

allium,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:

praesumere cibis frigidam,

id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:

remedia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:

praesumptum diadema,

assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:

suam cenam praesumit,

takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—

Trop.

To take in advance:

praesumere male audiendi patientiam,

to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:

inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,

who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:

differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,

id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—

To perform beforehand, to anticipate:

heredum officia praesumere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,

id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—

To spend or employ beforehand:

sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,

Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:

Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,

enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—

To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:

arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 18:

futura,

Sen. Ep. 107, 3:

semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;

hence, praesumptum habere,

to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:

utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),

App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—

To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:

fortunam alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 41:

eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,

Just. 6, 2.—

To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:

ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,

Dig. 12, 6, 3:

vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,

ib. 12, 3, 7.—

To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):

tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—

To trust, be confident (late Lat.):

quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,

Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:

de tuā misericordiā,

id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):

praesumpta desperatio,

Quint. 1 prooem.:

opinio,

preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:

spes,

Sil. 7, 582:

suspicio,

Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:

praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 31:

quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,

let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4.

praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

neve domi praesume dapes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757:

allium,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:

praesumere cibis frigidam,

id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:

remedia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:

praesumptum diadema,

assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:

suam cenam praesumit,

takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—

Trop.

To take in advance:

praesumere male audiendi patientiam,

to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:

inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,

who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:

differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,

id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—

To perform beforehand, to anticipate:

heredum officia praesumere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,

id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—

To spend or employ beforehand:

sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,

Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:

Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,

enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—

To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:

arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 18:

futura,

Sen. Ep. 107, 3:

semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;

hence, praesumptum habere,

to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:

utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),

App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—

To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:

fortunam alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 41:

eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,

Just. 6, 2.—

To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:

ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,

Dig. 12, 6, 3:

vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,

ib. 12, 3, 7.—

To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):

tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—

To trust, be confident (late Lat.):

quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,

Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:

de tuā misericordiā,

id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):

praesumpta desperatio,

Quint. 1 prooem.:

opinio,

preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:

spes,

Sil. 7, 582:

suspicio,

Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:

praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 31:

quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,

let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4.

praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

neve domi praesume dapes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757:

allium,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:

praesumere cibis frigidam,

id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:

remedia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:

praesumptum diadema,

assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:

suam cenam praesumit,

takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—

Trop.

To take in advance:

praesumere male audiendi patientiam,

to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:

inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,

who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:

differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,

id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—

To perform beforehand, to anticipate:

heredum officia praesumere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,

id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—

To spend or employ beforehand:

sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,

Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:

Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,

enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—

To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:

arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 18:

futura,

Sen. Ep. 107, 3:

semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;

hence, praesumptum habere,

to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:

utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),

App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—

To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:

fortunam alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 41:

eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,

Just. 6, 2.—

To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:

ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,

Dig. 12, 6, 3:

vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,

ib. 12, 3, 7.—

To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):

tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—

To trust, be confident (late Lat.):

quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,

Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:

de tuā misericordiā,

id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):

praesumpta desperatio,

Quint. 1 prooem.:

opinio,

preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:

spes,

Sil. 7, 582:

suspicio,

Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:

praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 31:

quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,

let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.