-
21 Errichtung
Errichtung f 1. WIWI institution; 2. RECHT establishment* * *f 1. <Vw> institution; 2. < Recht> establishment* * *Errichtung
construction, erection, building, fabrication, (Geschäft) setting-up, (Gründung) foundation, establishment, institution;
• für die Errichtung von Einfamilienhäusern bestimmt zoned residential - A (US);
• Errichtung einer Behörde establishment of an agency (US);
• Errichtung des Binnenmarktes (EU) completion of the single market;
• Errichtung eines Fideikommisses fideicommissionary substitution;
• Errichtung in gehöriger Form (Testament) due execution;
• Errichtung eines Gebäudes erection (construction) of a building;
• Errichtung eines Inventars inventory taking, stocktaking;
• Errichtung eines Kontos opening of an account;
• Errichtung einer Pensionskasse funding of a pension plan;
• Errichtung einer Stiftung creation of a trust;
• Errichtung eines Testaments making a will;
• Errichtung eines Treuhandvermögens strict settlement;
• testamentarische Errichtung eines Treuhandvermögens settlement created by will;
• Errichtung des Europäischen Währungsinstituts establishment of the European Monetary Institute;
• Errichtung von Wohnungen creation of dwellings;
• Errichtung von Wohnungen mit Mitteln des sozialen Wohnungsbaus council housebuilding (Br.);
• für die Errichtung von Einfamilienhäusern vorsehen to zone for one-family residence (US). -
22 κτίσις
κτίσις, εως, ἡ (s. prec. and two next entries; Pind.+).① act of creation, creation (Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 11]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 33 κ. τοῦ κόσμου; 6, 55, 1; Did., Gen. 24, 4): ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου since the creation of the world Ro 1:20 (cp. PsSol 8, 7; ApcSed 8:10; Jos., Bell. 4, 533). The Son of God was σύμβουλος τῷ πατρὶ τῆς κτίσεως αὐτοῦ counselor to the Father in his creative work Hs 9, 12, 2.② the result of a creative act, that which is created (EpArist 136; 139; TestReub 2:9).ⓐ of individual things or beings created, creature (Tob 8:5, 15) created thing τὶς κ. ἑτέρα any other creature Ro 8:39. οὐκ ἔστιν κ. ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ no creature is hidden from (God’s) sight Hb 4:13. πᾶν γένος τῆς κ. τοῦ κυρίου every kind of creature that the Lord made Hs 9, 1, 8; πᾶσα κ. every created thing (cp. Jdth 9:12) MPol 14:1. Of Christ πρωτότοκος πάσης κ. Col 1:15. Of the name of God ἀρχέγονον πάσης κ. 1 Cl 59:3. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον … τὸ κηρυχθὲν ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει the gospel … which has been preached to every creature (here limited to human beings) Col 1:23.—Pl. (En 18:1) δοξάζειν τὰς κτίσεις τοῦ θεοῦ praise the created works of God Hv 1, 1, 3.—The Christian is described by Paul as καινὴ κ. a new creature 2 Cor 5:17, and the state of being in the new faith by the same words as a new creation Gal 6:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 18, 373 καιναὶ κτίσεις). S. on ἐκλογή end.ⓑ the sum total of everything created, creation, world (ApcMos 32; SibOr 5, 152; ὁρωμένη κ. Did., Gen. 1 B, 6; 13 A, 2) ἡ κ. αὐτοῦ Hv 1, 3, 4. ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς κ. at the beginning of the world B 15:3; ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. from the beginning of the world Mk 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4. Likew. Mk 10:6; πᾶσα ἡ κ. the whole creation (Jdth 16:14; Ps 104:21 v.l.; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32], B 12 p. 116, 31 [St. p. 80]; TestLevi 4:1; TestNapht 2:3; ParJer 9:6; PGM 12, 85) Hv 3, 4, 1; m 12, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 5; 9, 14, 5; 9, 23, 4; 9, 25, 1. The whole world is full of God’s glory 1 Cl 34:6. ἀόργητος ὑπάρχει πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν αὐτοῦ 19:3. ὁ υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ πάσης τ. κτίσεως αὐτοῦ προγενέστερός ἐστιν the Son of God is older than all his creation Hs 9, 12, 2. πᾶσα ἡ κ. limited to humankind Mk 16:15; Hm 7:5. Also ἡ κτίσις τῶν ἀνθρώπων D 16:5.—αὕτη ἡ κ. this world (earthly in contrast to heavenly) Hb 9:11.—κ. the creation, what was created in contrast to the Creator (Wsd 16:24) Ro 1:25 (EpArist 139 θεὸν σεβόμενοι παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν).—Of Christ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 3:14 (s. ἀρχή 3).—The mng. of κτ. is in dispute in Ro 8:19–22, though the pass. is usu. taken to mean the waiting of the whole creation below the human level (animate and inanimate—so, e.g., OCullmann, Christ and Time [tr. FFilson] ’50, 103).—HBiedermann, D. Erlösg. der Schöpfung beim Ap. Pls. ’40.③ system of established authority that is the result of some founding action, governance system, authority system. Corresponding to 1, κτίσις is also the act by which an authoritative or governmental body is created (ins in CB I/2, 468 no. 305 [I A.D.]: founding of the Gerousia [Senate]. Somewhat comparable, of the founding of a city: Scymnus Chius vs. 89 κτίσεις πόλεων). But then, in accordance with 2, it is prob. also the result of the act, the institution or authority itself 1 Pt 2:13 (Diod S 11, 60, 2 has κτίστης as the title of a high official. Cp. νομοθεσία in both meanings: 1. lawgiving, legislation; 2. the result of an action, i.e. law.) To a Hellene a well-ordered society was primary (s. Aristot., Pol. 1, 1, 1, 1252). It was understood that the function of government was to maintain such a society, and the moral objective described in vs. 14 is in keeping with this goal.—BBrinkman, ‘Creation’ and ‘Creature’ I, Bijdragen (Nijmegen) 18, ’57, 129–39, also 359–74; GLampe, The NT Doctrine of κτίσις, SJT 17, ’64, 449–62.—DELG s.v. κτίζω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
23 Catholic church
The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation. -
24 archivo
m.1 archive (place).2 file (informe, ficha).3 file (computing).4 file cabinet, filing cabinet.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: archivar.* * *1 (informe, ficha) file3 INFORMÁTICA file4 (lugar) archive5 (archivador) filing cabinet* * *noun m.1) file2) archive3) record* * *SM1) (=sitio) archive, archives pl2) (=documentos)archivos policiales — police files, police records
3) (Inform) file4)de archivo — * (=viejo) ancient, out of the ark
5) And (=oficina) office* * *1) ( local) archive; ( conjunto de documentos) tbarchivos — archives (pl), archive
los archivos de la policía — the police files o records
2) (Inf) file* * *= archive(s), archives, file, filing, filing cabinet, repository, vertical file, archiving, working file, archival institution, archive office.Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.Ex. The organization for the acquisition and preservation of archives and placing them at the disposal of users is known as archives.Ex. Information is held in files or databases, which are comprised of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.Ex. The schedule allows the filing of photographs under headings that designate photographic processes or apparatus.Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex. Repositories have broad mandates to acquire records, including business records, of cultural and historical importance to their respective communities.Ex. The fugitive literature of acid rain: making use of nonconventional information sources in a vertical file.Ex. Duplicating, archiving, and the option of computerised indexing is also discussed = También se trata de la duplicación, archivo y de la opción de indización automática.Ex. The archives contain mainly the Papal working files of other days.Ex. Archival institutions are outstripping libraries in the establishment of shops for the curative treatment of holdings.Ex. Powys is a very large, thinly populated, mountainous county in Wales where the archive office was established only in 1990.----* administración de archivos = archive(s) administration.* administrativo encargado de los archivos = file clerk.* almacenamiento de archivo = archival storage.* archivo administrativo = record office, administrative archives, administrative library.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo comprimido = zip file.* archivo de datos = database [data base].* archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.* archivo de empresa = business archives.* archivo de escuela = school records.* archivo de funeraria = funeral home library.* archivo de imágenes = image archiving, picture file.* Archivo del Vaticano, el = Vatican Archives, the, Vatican Archives, the.* archivo de oficina = office file.* archivo de ordenador = computer file, machine-readable data file.* archivo de periódico = news library.* archivo de prensa = newspaper morgue.* archivo de programas = programme file.* archivo de recortes = clipping file [cuttings file, -UK], cuttings file [clipping file, -USA].* archivo de recortes de prensa = newspaper clippings archives.* archivo de recursos electrónico = electronic repository [e-repository].* archivo de sindicato = trade-union archive.* archivo eclesiástico = church register.* archivo electrónico = machine-readable data file.* archivo estatal = state archive.* archivo étnico = ethnic archives.* archivo familiar = estate archive.* archivo fotográfico = picture archive, photographic library.* archivo histórico = historical archives.* archivo ministerial = departmental records.* archivo municipal = municipal archives, city archive.* archivo nacional = national archives.* Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.* archivo parlamentario = parliamentary archive(s).* archivo parroquial = parish register, parish records.* archivo particular = family archive.* archivo personal = private archives, personal archive(s), personal records.* archivo plano = flat file.* archivo presidencial = presidential archive.* archivo privado = private archives.* archivo provincial = provincial archives.* archivo público = public archive.* archivo regional = regional archives.* archivo senatorial = senatorial papers.* archivo sonoro = sound archive.* Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).* comprimir un archivo = zip + file.* Consejo Internacional de Archivos (CIA) = International Council on Archives (ICA).* conservación de archivos = archival preservation.* conservador del archivo = archives custodian.* conservar en archivo = archive.* copia de archivo = archival print.* de archivo = archival, archive.* depósito de archivo = archival depot, archives depot.* descomprimir un archivo = unzip + file.* Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* disco de archivo = archival disc.* documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.* gestión de archivos = management of records.* gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.* grabaciones filmadas de archivo = library footage, stock footage.* historia de los archivos = archival history.* información de archivo = archival information.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).* material de archivo = archival material, archive material.* nombre de archivo = file name.* nombre del archivo = data set name.* Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).* Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).* ordenación en archivos = vertical filing.* pieza de archivo = archival file.* preservación de archivos = archival preservation.* Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).* reproducción de archivo = archival print.* seleccionador de documentación de archivo = archival appraiser.* sistema de archivo = archiving system.* Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).* unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.* vida de archivo = archival life.* * *1) ( local) archive; ( conjunto de documentos) tbarchivos — archives (pl), archive
los archivos de la policía — the police files o records
2) (Inf) file* * *= archive(s), archives, file, filing, filing cabinet, repository, vertical file, archiving, working file, archival institution, archive office.Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
Ex: The organization for the acquisition and preservation of archives and placing them at the disposal of users is known as archives.Ex: Information is held in files or databases, which are comprised of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.Ex: The schedule allows the filing of photographs under headings that designate photographic processes or apparatus.Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex: Repositories have broad mandates to acquire records, including business records, of cultural and historical importance to their respective communities.Ex: The fugitive literature of acid rain: making use of nonconventional information sources in a vertical file.Ex: Duplicating, archiving, and the option of computerised indexing is also discussed = También se trata de la duplicación, archivo y de la opción de indización automática.Ex: The archives contain mainly the Papal working files of other days.Ex: Archival institutions are outstripping libraries in the establishment of shops for the curative treatment of holdings.Ex: Powys is a very large, thinly populated, mountainous county in Wales where the archive office was established only in 1990.* administración de archivos = archive(s) administration.* administrativo encargado de los archivos = file clerk.* almacenamiento de archivo = archival storage.* archivo administrativo = record office, administrative archives, administrative library.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo comprimido = zip file.* archivo de datos = database [data base].* archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.* archivo de empresa = business archives.* archivo de escuela = school records.* archivo de funeraria = funeral home library.* archivo de imágenes = image archiving, picture file.* Archivo del Vaticano, el = Vatican Archives, the, Vatican Archives, the.* archivo de oficina = office file.* archivo de ordenador = computer file, machine-readable data file.* archivo de periódico = news library.* archivo de prensa = newspaper morgue.* archivo de programas = programme file.* archivo de recortes = clipping file [cuttings file, -UK], cuttings file [clipping file, -USA].* archivo de recortes de prensa = newspaper clippings archives.* archivo de recursos electrónico = electronic repository [e-repository].* archivo de sindicato = trade-union archive.* archivo eclesiástico = church register.* archivo electrónico = machine-readable data file.* archivo estatal = state archive.* archivo étnico = ethnic archives.* archivo familiar = estate archive.* archivo fotográfico = picture archive, photographic library.* archivo histórico = historical archives.* archivo ministerial = departmental records.* archivo municipal = municipal archives, city archive.* archivo nacional = national archives.* Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.* archivo parlamentario = parliamentary archive(s).* archivo parroquial = parish register, parish records.* archivo particular = family archive.* archivo personal = private archives, personal archive(s), personal records.* archivo plano = flat file.* archivo presidencial = presidential archive.* archivo privado = private archives.* archivo provincial = provincial archives.* archivo público = public archive.* archivo regional = regional archives.* archivo senatorial = senatorial papers.* archivo sonoro = sound archive.* Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).* comprimir un archivo = zip + file.* Consejo Internacional de Archivos (CIA) = International Council on Archives (ICA).* conservación de archivos = archival preservation.* conservador del archivo = archives custodian.* conservar en archivo = archive.* copia de archivo = archival print.* de archivo = archival, archive.* depósito de archivo = archival depot, archives depot.* descomprimir un archivo = unzip + file.* Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* disco de archivo = archival disc.* documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.* gestión de archivos = management of records.* gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.* grabaciones filmadas de archivo = library footage, stock footage.* historia de los archivos = archival history.* información de archivo = archival information.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).* material de archivo = archival material, archive material.* nombre de archivo = file name.* nombre del archivo = data set name.* Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).* Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).* ordenación en archivos = vertical filing.* pieza de archivo = archival file.* preservación de archivos = archival preservation.* Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).* reproducción de archivo = archival print.* seleccionador de documentación de archivo = archival appraiser.* sistema de archivo = archiving system.* Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).* unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.* vida de archivo = archival life.* * *A1 (local) archivearchivos archives (pl), archivelos archivos de la policía the police files o recordsCompuesto:picture libraryB ( Inf) fileCompuestos:zip filesignature fileswap filesource file● archivo or fichero de autoridadmaster file● archivo MP3 or emepetresMP3 filezip file* * *
Del verbo archivar: ( conjugate archivar)
archivo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
archivó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
archivar
archivo
archivar ( conjugate archivar) verbo transitivo ‹ documentos› to file;
‹investigación/asunto› ( por un tiempo) to shelve;
( para siempre) to close the file on
archivo sustantivo masculino
( conjunto de documentos) tb
los archivos de la policía the police files o recordsb) (Inf) file
archivar verbo transitivo
1 (guardar) to file (away)
2 (considerar concluido) to shelve
3 Inform to save
archivo sustantivo masculino
1 (documento) file
2 (archivador) filing cabinet
3 (edificio, lugar) archives pl: me pasé la mañana entera en el archivo municipal, I spent the morning at the city archives
' archivo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
filmoteca
- borrar
- constar
- FTP
- kárdex
English:
file
- record
- archive
- mug
* * *archivo nm1. [lugar] archive;TVimágenes de archivo library picturesel Archivo de Indias = archive in Seville storing documents relating to the administration of Spain's colonial empire2. [documentos] archives3. Informát filearchivo adjunto attachment;archivo ejecutable executable file;archivo invisible invisible file;archivo oculto hidden file;archivo temporal temporary file;archivo de texto text file* * *m1 archive2 INFOR file* * *archivo nm1) : file2) : archive, archives pl* * *archivo n (de policía, informática) file -
25 normalización
f.normalization, standardization.* * *1 normalization* * *SF1) [de relaciones, servicio, situación] normalizationla normalización del uso del catalán en las escuelas — the standardization of Catalan in the schools
normalización lingüística — policy of making the local language official within an autonomous region
2) (Com, Téc) standardization* * *1) ( de situación) normalization2) ( estandarización) standardization* * *= normalisation [normalization, -USA], standardisation [standardization, -USA], standards-making, rulemaking [rule-making].Ex. It is only by human intervention at the time of data creation that sufficient normalization can be effected to make innovative machine access meaningful.Ex. This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.Ex. OSI is a de jure standard, formally approved by an official standards-making body and often having the status of a law or treaty.Ex. Rulemaking of this kind goes to the heart of the notion of the nation state as a sovereign entity.----* agencia de normalización = standards body.* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.* grupo de normalización = standards group.* Institución Británica para la Normalización (BSI) = British Standard Institution (BSI).* normalización de un encabezamiento = establishment of + a uniform heading.* organismo de normalización = standards organisation.* Organización Internacional de Normalización = ISO.* * *1) ( de situación) normalization2) ( estandarización) standardization* * *= normalisation [normalization, -USA], standardisation [standardization, -USA], standards-making, rulemaking [rule-making].Ex: It is only by human intervention at the time of data creation that sufficient normalization can be effected to make innovative machine access meaningful.
Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.Ex: OSI is a de jure standard, formally approved by an official standards-making body and often having the status of a law or treaty.Ex: Rulemaking of this kind goes to the heart of the notion of the nation state as a sovereign entity.* agencia de normalización = standards body.* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.* grupo de normalización = standards group.* Institución Británica para la Normalización (BSI) = British Standard Institution (BSI).* normalización de un encabezamiento = establishment of + a uniform heading.* organismo de normalización = standards organisation.* Organización Internacional de Normalización = ISO.* * *A (de una situación) normalizationB (estandarización) standardization* * *
normalización sustantivo femenino
normalización sustantivo femenino
1 (a una norma) standardization
2 (a la normalidad) normalization: la normalización de su vida no era posible, it was impossible for his life to adjust to normality
* * *1. [vuelta a la normalidad] return to normal, normalization2. [regularización] standardizationEsp normalización lingüística = regulation by legal means of the use of the different languages spoken in a multilingual region* * *f1 normalization2 TÉC standardization* * *normalización nf, pl - ciones nf1) regularización: normalization2) estandarización: standardization -
26 учреждение
с.1) ( действие) institution f; organisation f; constitution f; fondation f; création f (ср. учредить)2) ( заведение) institution fгосуда́рственные учрежде́ния — administrations f pl publiques
культу́рные учрежде́ния — foyers m pl de culture
коммуна́льные учрежде́ния — services m pl municipaux
* * *n1) gener. fondation, fondation (основанное на чьи-л. средства, в память кого-л.), instauration, institut, établissement, etablissement (Мафтул), (организация) etablissement, m, constitution, installation, institution, maison, érection2) colloq. tôle, taule3) law. institution publique (орган)4) south.afr.sl. service5) simpl. bahut -
27 osnivanje
n founding, foundation, establishing, establishment, setting up, starting, launching, instituting, institution, initiating, initiation, creation, laying the foundations of, organizing, organization | u -u in the process of foundation, being founded/establ* * *• establishment• establishing• setting up• institution• founding• foundation• formation• creation -
28 учреждение
1) General subject: agency, authorities, bureau, constitution, erection, establishment, initiation, institute, institution, office, organ, outfit (контекстуальный перевод на русский язык), public place (и т. п.), toast, formation (напр., компании - АД)2) Naval: unit3) Medicine: facility4) Colloquial: shop5) Military: department, installation (склад, центр, мастерская)6) Engineering: look-ahead, organization8) Religion: Fundatio ("foundation", сокр. Fund.)9) Law: establishment of religion, facilities, floatation, government office, office of state, promotion, setting, founding10) Economy: establishing, promotion (напр. фирмы), setting-up11) Architecture: foundation (в значении "создание"), house12) Diplomatic term: establishment (государственное), promotion (фирмы), service (ведающее специальной сферой деятельности)13) Forestry: service14) Patents: board15) Business: activity, centre, foundation, introduction16) leg.N.P. agency (public law), authority (governmental and international; public law), body (public law), creation (as in the process of being established), foundation (private law), institution (private law), private foundation (that is a juridical person; private law)17) Psychoanalysis: service (ведающее специальной отраслью работы)18) Makarov: erection (организации и т.п.), establishment (гос. и т.п.), establishment (государственное и т.п.), initiation (чего-либо), inst (institute), institute (научное), institution (действие), service (ведающее специальной отраслью работы) -
29 Einrichtung
'aɪnrɪçtuŋf1) ( das Einrichten) aménagement m, installation f2) ( Institution) institution f, organisation f, service mEinrichtung30b718e5Ei/30b718e5nrichtung <-, -en>3 kein Plural (das Möblieren) einer Wohnung ameublement Maskulin; (das Ausstatten) eines Labors équipement Maskulin4 kein Plural (das Schaffen) einer Dienststelle création Feminin; einer Behörde installation Feminin -
30 foundation
foundation [faʊn'deɪʃən]1 noun(a) (of business, town) fondation f, création f∎ a charitable foundation une institution charitable∎ the foundation or foundations of our society les fondements mpl de notre société;∎ his work laid the foundation or foundations of modern science son œuvre a jeté les bases de la science moderne;∎ the rumour is entirely without foundation la rumeur est dénuée de tout fondementBuilding industry fondations fpl;∎ to lay the foundations poser les fondations►► British foundation course cours m introductif;foundation cream fond m de teint;foundation scholar élève mf boursier;Building industry foundation stone pierre f commémorative;∎ to lay the foundation stone poser la première pierre -
31 Gründung
Gründung f 1. GEN formation, foundation, establishment, setting-up (Errichtung); 2. RECHT incorporation (einer Kapitalgesellschaft)* * *f 1. < Geschäft> Errichtung formation, foundation, establishment, setting-up; 2. < Recht> einer Kapitalgesellschaft incorporation* * *Gründung
foundation, creation, organization, (Aktiengesellschaft) promotion, (Errichtung) institution, creation, formation, establishment, (Stiftung) erection, plantation;
• schwindelhafte Gründung bogus concern, bubble company (Br.), bucket shop (US);
• vorläufige Gründung tentative organization;
• Gründung von Filialen establishment of branches;
• Gründung einer Firma organization of business, business organization, establishment of a corporation;
• Gründung eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens creation of a joint venture;
• Gründung eines Geschäfts setting up in (organization of a) business, opening of a business;
• Gründung einer Gesellschaft floating (formation, incorporation, establishment) of a company (partnership, corporation, US);
• Gründung eines Kartells establishment (formation) of a cartel;
• Gründung des Gemeinsamen Marktes Common Market formation;
• Gründung von Tochterunternehmen founding of subsidiaries;
• Gründung eines Unternehmens inception of an enterprise;
• fehlerhafte Gründung heilen to cure the fatally defective organization. -
32 constitution
constitution [kɔ̃stitysjɔ̃]feminine nouna. ( = création) [de comité] setting-up ; [de gouvernement, société] forming ; [de dossier] making-upb. ( = éléments) [de substance, ensemble, organisation] compositionc. ( = santé) constitution* * *kɔ̃stitysjɔ̃nom féminin constitution* * *kɔ̃stitysjɔ̃ nf1) [équipe, comité] setting up, [dossier] putting together2) (= composition) make-up, composition3) (= santé) constitution4) POLITIQUE constitution* * *constitution nf1 ( création) constitution d'une société setting up of a company; en voie de constitution currently being set up; constitution de capital capital accumulation; constitution d'un dossier d'inscription preparing of an application; constitution du plan d'un texte drafting of an essay; constitution de stocks stockpiling;2 Physiol constitution; bonne constitution sound constitution;3 Jur (de rente, pension) settling ¢; constitution de partie civile institution of civil action proceedings.[kɔ̃stitysjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [création - d'une collection] building up, putting together ; [ - d'une bibliothèque] building up, setting up ; [ - d'une association, d'une société, d'un gouvernement] forming, formation, setting up ; [ - d'un dossier] preparation, putting together ; [ - d'une équipe] selection3. POLITIQUE [lois] constitution[régime]une bonne/solide constitution a sound/sturdy constitutionêtre de constitution fragile [souvent malade] to be susceptible to disease5. PHARMACIE [en homéopathie] composition[désignation]constitution d'un avoué appointment ou briefing of a lawyer -
33 учреждение
с.1) ( действие) institution f; organisation f; constitution f; fondation f; création f (ср. учредить)2) ( заведение) institution fгосударственные учреждения — administrations f pl publiquesкультурные учреждения — foyers m pl de cultureкоммунальные учреждения — services m pl municipaux -
34 organización
f.1 organization, hierarchy, array, structure.2 institution, entity, organism, foundation.3 organizing.* * *1 organization* * *noun f.* * *SF organizationOPEP* * *femenino organizationuna organización sindical — a labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union
* * *femenino organizationuna organización sindical — a labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union
* * *organización11 = establishment, organisation [organization, -USA], institution.Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.
Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation.Ex: The distinction between 'societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.* Comité de las Organizaciones = Committee of Agricultural Producer Organizations (COPA).* comportamiento de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.* comunicación dentro de una organización = organisational communication.* conducta de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.* OPEC, la [Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo] = OPEC [Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries].* organigrama de una organización = organisation chart.* organización afiliada = sister organisation.* organización agraria = agricultural organisation.* organización a la que pertenece = parent organisation.* organización benéfica = aid agency, aid organisation.* organización cívica = community organisation.* Organización Cultural, Científica y Educativa de las Naciones Unidas (UNESCO = UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).* organización de voluntariado = voluntary body, voluntary agency, voluntary organisation.* organización empresarial = business organisation.* organización intergubernamental (OIG) = intergovernmental organisation (IGO).* organización internacional = international organisation.* Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) = International Labour Organisation (ILO).* Organización Internacional de Normalización = ISO.* organización mafiosa = crime syndicate.* organización miembro de una asociación = partner organisation.* Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) = World Health Organisation (WHO).* Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).* Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) = FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation).* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).* organización que actúa en representación de otras = umbrella organisation.* OTAN (Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte) = NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation).* una pieza más en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.organización22 = logistics, map, mapping, organisational setting, organising [organizing, -USA], setup [set-up], organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, staging, set-up, structuring, implementation.Ex: Donald P Hammer, Executive Secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative Secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.
Ex: A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.Ex: Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.Ex: Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.Ex: No course on management would be complete without articulating the principles of management (i.e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling).Ex: 'You know,' she had said amiably, 'there might be a better job for you here once things get rolling with this new regional setup'.Ex: This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.Ex: Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.Ex: The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.Ex: Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.Ex: There are also suggestions for rules for structuring corporate body names.Ex: This software is important to the further implementation of the record format, especially in developing countries.* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.* desorganización = disorganisation [disorganization, -USA].* metaorganización = meta-organisation.* modelo de organización = organisational scheme.* organización bibliográfica = bibliographic organisation.* organización bibliotecaria = library organisation.* organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.* organización de materias = subject organisation.* organización horizontal = flat organisation, horizontal organisation.* organización interna = organisational structure.* organización laboral = job structuring.* reorganización = respacing.* una organización de = a pattern of.* * *1 (acción) organization2 (agrupación, institución) organizationuna organización ecologista an ecological organizationorganización de bienestar social welfare organizationCompuestos:Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentWorld Intellectual Property OrganizationWorld Trade Organization* * *
organización sustantivo femenino
organization
organización sustantivo femenino
1 organization: la organización del concierto fue un desastre, the concert was disastrously organized
2 (asociación) organization
Organización No Gubernamental (ONG), Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
' organización' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adherirse
- aparato
- desactivar
- endosar
- entrar
- escala
- F.A.O.
- INTERPOL
- lucro
- mafiosa
- mafioso
- ONG
- OTAN
- OUA
- sede
- seno
- terrorista
- adhesión
- articulación
- barón
- boda
- caritativo
- correr
- cuadro
- cúspide
- depurar
- disolución
- disolver
- emplear
- entidad
- funcionario
- infiltrar
- ingresar
- ingreso
- integrar
- jerarquía
- marina
- miembro
- obra
- ONCE
- ONU
- permanencia
- pertenencia
- programación
- radio
- remodelación
- remodelar
- renovación
- renovar
- representar
English:
base
- charitable
- charity
- disband
- entrance
- Interpol
- join
- lead
- motto
- NATO
- NGO
- nonprofit
- organization
- outfit
- patron
- picketing
- PLO
- policy
- reshape
- service
- set-up
- shake up
- show
- start
- superintendent
- system
- top-heavy
- trust
- umbrella organisation
- voluntary organization
- watchdog
- credit
- in-house
- insider
- second
- syndicate
- united
* * *organización nf1. [orden] organization2. [organismo] organization;organización de ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid organization;organización benéfica charity, charitable organization;organización de consumidores consumer organization;Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development;Organización de Estados Americanos Organization of American States;Organización Internacional de Normalización International Standards Organization;Organización Internacional del Trabajo International Labour Organization;Organización para la Liberación de Palestina Palestine Liberation Organization;Organización Mundial del Comercio World Trade Organization;Organización Mundial de la Salud World Health Organization;Organización de las Naciones Unidas United Nations Organization;organización no gubernamental non-governmental organization;Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries;Organización para la Seguridad y Cooperación en Europa Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe;Organización para la Unidad Africana Organization of African Unity;Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte North Atlantic Treaty Organization* * *f organization* * ** * *organización n organization -
35 foundation
(a) (of company) fondation f, création f -
36 Neugründung
NeugründungN337939bdeu/337939bdgründung -
37 instelling
2 [organisatie, instituut] institute, institution♦voorbeelden:een negatieve instelling • a negative attitude/mentalityeen zakelijke instelling hebben • have a businesslike attitude/mentality -
38 establishment
A n1 ( setting up) ( of business) création f, établissement m (of de) ; (of law, rule) institution f, instauration f ;2 (institution, organization) établissement m ; research establishment établissement m de recherche ;3 (shop, business) établissement m, maison f de commerce ;B Establishment pr n GB ( ruling group) classe f dominante, establishment m ; ( social order) ordre m établi ; the literary/art establishment l'establishment littéraire/du monde de l'art ; the medical/legal establishment les institutions fpl médicales/judiciaires ; to join ou become part of the Establishment s'embourgeoiser. -
39 Bright, Sir Charles Tilston
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 8 June 1832 Wanstead, Essex, Englandd. 3 May 1888 Abbey Wood, London, England[br]English telegraph engineer responsible for laying the first transatlantic cable.[br]At the age of 15 years Bright left the London Merchant Taylors' School to join the two-year-old Electric Telegraph Company. By 1851 he was in charge of the Birmingham telegraph station. After a short time as Assistant Engineer with the newly formed British Telegraph Company, he joined his brother (who was Manager) as Engineer-in-Chief of the English and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company in Liverpool, for which he laid thousands of miles of underground cable and developed a number of innovations in telegraphy including a resistance box for locating cable faults and a two-tone bell system for signalling. In 1853 he was responsible for the first successful underwater cable between Scotland and Ireland. Three years later, with the American financier Cyrus Field and John Brett, he founded and was Engineer-in-chief of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, which aimed at laying a cable between Ireland and Newfoundland. After several unsuccessful attempts this was finally completed on 5 August 1858, Bright was knighted a month later, but the cable then failed! In 1860 Bright resigned from the Magnetic Telegraph Company to set up an independent consultancy with another engineer, Joseph Latimer Clark, with whom he invented an improved bituminous cable insulation. Two years later he supervised construction of a telegraph cable to India, and in 1865 a further attempt to lay an Atlantic cable using Brunel's new ship, the Great Eastern. This cable broke during laying, but in 1866 a new cable was at last successfully laid and the 1865 cable recovered and repaired. The year 1878 saw extension of the Atlantic cable system to the West Indies and the invention with his brother of a system of neighbourhood fire alarms and even an automatic fire alarm.In 1861 Bright presented a paper to the British Association for the Advancement of Science on the need for electrical standards, leading to the creation of an organization that still exists in the 1990s. From 1865 until 1868 he was Liberal MP for Greenwich, and he later assisted with preparations for the 1881 Paris Exhibition.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1858. Légion d'honneur. First President, Société Internationale des Electriciens. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers \& Electricians (later the Institution of Electrical Engineers) 1887.Bibliography1852, British patent (resistance box).1855, British patent no. 2,103 (two-tone bell system). 1878, British patent no. 3,801 (area fire alarms).1878, British patent no. 596 (automatic fire alarm)."The physical \& electrical effects of pressure \& temperature on submarine cable cores", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers XVII (describes some of his investigations of cable characteristics).Further ReadingC.Bright, 1898, Submarine Cables, Their History, Construction \& Working.—1910, The Life Story of Sir Charles Tilston Bright, London: Constable \& Co.KFBiographical history of technology > Bright, Sir Charles Tilston
-
40 Merz, Charles Hesterman
[br]b. 5 October 1874 Gateshead, Englandd. 14 October 1940 London, England[br]English engineer who pioneered large-scale integration of electricity-supply networks, which led to the inauguration of the British grid system.[br]Merz was educated at Bootham School in York and Armstrong College in Newcastle. He served an apprenticeship with the Newcastle Electric Supply Company at their first power station, Pandon Dene, and part of his training was at Robey and Company of Lincoln, steam engine builders, and the British Thomson-Houston Company, electrical equipment manufacturers. After working at Bankside in London and at Croydon, he became Manager of the Croydon supply undertaking. In 1898 he went to Cork on behalf of BTH to build and manage a tramway and electricity company. It was there that he met William McLellan, who later joined him in establishing a firm of consulting engineers. Merz, with his vision of large-scale electricity supply, pioneered an integrated traction and electricity scheme in north-eastern England. He was involved in the reorganization of electricity schemes in many countries and established a reputation as a leading parliamentary witness. Merz was appointed Director of Experiments and Research at the Admiralty, where his main contribution was the creation of an organization of outstanding engineers and scientists during the First World War. In 1925 he was largely responsible for a report of the Weir Committee which led to the Electricity (Supply) Act of 1926, the formation of the Central Electricity Board and the construction of the National Grid. The choice of 132 kV as the original grid voltage was that of Merz and his associates, as was the origin of the term "grid". Merz and his firm produced many technical innovations, including the first power-system control room and Merz-Price and Merz-Hunter forms of cable and transformer protection.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1931.Bibliography1903–4, with W.McLennan, "Power station design", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 33:696–742 (a classic on its subject).1929, "The national scheme of electricity supply in Great Britain", Proceedings of the British Association, Johannesburg.Further ReadingJ.Rowland, 1960, Progress in Power. The Contribution of Charles Merz and His Associates to Sixty Years of Electrical Development 1899–1959, London (the most detailed account).L.Hannah, 1979, Electricity Before Nationalisation, London.——, 1985, Dictionary of Business Biography, ed. J.Jeremy, London, pp. 221–7 (a short account).GWBiographical history of technology > Merz, Charles Hesterman
См. также в других словарях:
institution — [ ɛ̃stitysjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1190; lat. institutio I ♦ 1 ♦ Rare Action d instituer. ⇒ création, établissement, fondation. L institution d une fête annuelle, d une commission d enquête. L institution du calendrier grégorien en 1582. « l institution du… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Institution libre du Sacré-Cœur — Généralités Création 1666 Pays France Coordonnées … Wikipédia en Français
CRÉATION — SPONTANÉMENT, l’homme baigne d’absolu sa terre nourricière. Son affectivité, son imagination, son esprit embrassent les parcours des dieux. Ne pouvant faire quelque chose de rien, son inéluctable enracinement dans ce qui existe le presse… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Institution of Civil Engineers — Fichier:IceLogo.jpg Création 1818 Type Organisation professionnelle Siège 1 Great George Street, Londres, UK Langue(s) Anglais Budget … Wikipédia en Français
Institution Libre Du Sacré-Cœur — L’Institution Libre du Sacré Cœur est la plus ancienne des écoles de Tourcoing[1]. Elle a pour origine le Collège Saint Bonaventure, fondé par les Révérends Pères Récollets en 1666, avec l autorisation du roi Philippe IV d Espagne. L école… … Wikipédia en Français
Institution Libre du Sacré-Coeur — Institution libre du Sacré Cœur L’Institution Libre du Sacré Cœur est la plus ancienne des écoles de Tourcoing[1]. Elle a pour origine le Collège Saint Bonaventure, fondé par les Révérends Pères Récollets en 1666, avec l autorisation du roi… … Wikipédia en Français
Institution Libre du Sacré-Cœur — L’Institution Libre du Sacré Cœur est la plus ancienne des écoles de Tourcoing[1]. Elle a pour origine le Collège Saint Bonaventure, fondé par les Révérends Pères Récollets en 1666, avec l autorisation du roi Philippe IV d Espagne. L école… … Wikipédia en Français
Institution du Sacré-Coeur — Institution libre du Sacré Cœur L’Institution Libre du Sacré Cœur est la plus ancienne des écoles de Tourcoing[1]. Elle a pour origine le Collège Saint Bonaventure, fondé par les Révérends Pères Récollets en 1666, avec l autorisation du roi… … Wikipédia en Français
Institution libre du Sacre-Cœur — Institution libre du Sacré Cœur L’Institution Libre du Sacré Cœur est la plus ancienne des écoles de Tourcoing[1]. Elle a pour origine le Collège Saint Bonaventure, fondé par les Révérends Pères Récollets en 1666, avec l autorisation du roi… … Wikipédia en Français
Institution libre du Sacré-Coeur — Institution libre du Sacré Cœur L’Institution Libre du Sacré Cœur est la plus ancienne des écoles de Tourcoing[1]. Elle a pour origine le Collège Saint Bonaventure, fondé par les Révérends Pères Récollets en 1666, avec l autorisation du roi… … Wikipédia en Français
Institution libre du sacré-cœur — L’Institution Libre du Sacré Cœur est la plus ancienne des écoles de Tourcoing[1]. Elle a pour origine le Collège Saint Bonaventure, fondé par les Révérends Pères Récollets en 1666, avec l autorisation du roi Philippe IV d Espagne. L école… … Wikipédia en Français