changes

E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.

The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).

For i stands ĕ

in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—

In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—

In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —

In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—

In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and

In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—

It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.

It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.

The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.

The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.

The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.

As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.

e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

făcĭes, ēi (old form facies, rarely facii, Gell. 8, 14, 1:

facie,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 36; dat. facie, facii, Gell. l. l.; plur. very rare; nom. and acc. facies, Vulg. Thren. 5, 12; id. Jer. 42, 12; dat. faciebus, Hier. Eph. 3, 5), f. [root fa- of fari, strengthened fac-; cf. fax, facetus].

Orig., make, form, configuration, figure, shape.

In gen. (= universa corporis forma; cf.: figura, species): Quidam faciem esse hominis putant os tantum et oculos et genas, quod Graeci prosôpon dicunt: quando facies sit forma omnis et modus et factura quaedam corporis totius, etc., Gell. 13, 29: Sardinia in Africo mari facie vestigii humani, Sall. H. ap. Gell. l. l.; Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 151 sq.; cf. Non. 52, 27 sq.:

non est formosa, cujus crus laudatur aut brachium, sed illa, cujus universa facies admirationem singulis partibus abstulit,

Sen. Ep. 33; cf. Lucr. 5, 1169 sq.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 87.—

Of things: Dae. Dicito, quid insit, et qua facie, memorato onmia... Pa. Sunt crepundia. Dae. Qua facie sunt? Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 105 and 111:

curvata in montis faciem circumstetit unda,

Verg. G. 4, 361:

haec facies Trojae, cum caperetur, erat,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 26; cf.

urbium,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17 fin.:

antequam Vesuvius faciem loci verteret,

Tac. A. 4, 67:

arboris,

Plin. 12, 14, 31, § 55:

vehiculi,

Gell. 15, 30, 3:

alia illi caeli,

Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 58:

ossa contusa in faciem pulveris,

Gell. 10, 18, 3:

longa quibus facies ovis erit,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 12 et saep. —

Prov.: verte omnes tete in facies, i. e. resort to every expedient (an expression borrowed from, and alluding to, the changes of Proteus), Verg. A. 12, 891.—

In partic., face, visage, countenance (most freq. in class. Lat.;

syn.: os, vultus, frons, lineamenta): facies homini tantum: ceteris os aut rostra,

Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138:

in facie vultuque nostro cum sint decem aut paulo plura membra, etc.,

id. 7, 1, 1, § 8:

non quaeruntur ea, quae nobis non possumus fingere, facies, vultus, sonus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 127:

prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat,

Sall. C. 15, 5:

qua facie, qua statura,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16, 41: uretur facies;

urentur sole capilli,

Tib. 1, 9, 15: cf. id. 1, 5, 43:

sumit utrumque Inde habitum facies,

Juv. 9, 20:

peregrina,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 9; cf.:

affers faciem novam,

Cic. Fl. 29, 70:

liberali (homo),

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 20:

egregiā (virgo),

of rare beauty, id. Phorm. 1, 2, 50:

hispida,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 5:

cicatricosa,

Quint. 4, 1, 61:

adversa,

id. 2, 13, 9:

curvo nec faciem litore demovet,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 14:

de facie quidem nosti,

Cic. Pis. 32, 81:

recta facie loqui,

i. e. boldly, Juv. 6, 401 et saep.— Poet.:

cura dabit faciem, facies neglecta peribit,

a beautiful face, beauty, Ov. A. A. 3, 105.— Prov.: perfricare faciem, to lay aside shame, Plin. H. N. praef. § 4; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 160.

Trop., external form, look, condition, appearance (class.):

set qua faciest tuus sodalis,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 113; id. Rud. 2, 7, 7:

fateantur, in Maeandrii persona esse expressam faciem civitatis,

Cic. Fl. 22, 13; cf.:

(C. Popilius) senatus faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque Populi Romani,

id. Phil. 8, 8, 23:

una senum facies, cum voce trementia membra, etc.,

Juv. 10, 198:

quibus rebus immutata facies urbis erat,

Sall. C. 31, 1:

loci,

Tac. A. 4, 67:

formam quidem ipsam et tamquam faciem honesti vides,

Cic. Off. 1, 5, 14; Quint. 3, 6, 88; 4, 1, 42 Spald.:

quarum (causarum) varia ac nova semper est facies,

id. 2, 4, 28:

plures eloquentiae facies,

id. 12, 10, 69:

(inventiunculae) facie ingenii blandiuntur,

id. 8, 5, 22:

nec ulla facies mali erat,

Curt. 3, 11, 22:

ad istam faciem est morbus qui me macerat,

has that form, is of such a nature, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73.—

In partic., in Tac. for the class. species, external appearance, as opposed to reality, a pretence, pretext; publici consilii facie (= specie), Tac. H. 2, 54; id. A. 13, 28; Amm. 20, 5.—

Transf., poet. and in post-Aug. prose, for the class. aspectus, look, sight, aspect: quae scelerum [p. 715] facies? Verg. A. 6, 560:

subita,

Sil. 7, 367:

decora,

Plin. Pan. 56, 5:

memoranda,

id. ib. 35, 1:

foeda,

id. ib. 82, 8:

vineae unam faciem contexunt,

id. Ep. 5, 6, 9:

exceptio, quae prima facie justa videatur,

at first sight, Gai. Inst. 4, 1:

prima facie,

Dig. 16, 1, 13; Sen. Ep. 87, 1; id. Contr. 5, 10, 15.

flammĕus, a, um, adj. [id.], flaming, fiery.

Lit.:

sunt stellae naturā flammeae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118; Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

halitus,

Col. 5, 5, 15; Mart. 10, 62, 6.—

Transf., of color, flaming, flamecolored, fiery red:

lumina,

Ov. H. 12, 107:

flammeum quod phlox vocatur,

Plin. 21, 11, 38, § 64:

murex,

Val. Fl. 5, 361: vestimentum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 92 Müll.—Deriv.,

Subst.: flammĕum, i, n.

A fiery red color:

aliquid flammei, aliquid lutei,

Sen. N. Q. 1, 3, 4.—

= phlox, the flame-red violet, Plin. 21, 11, 38, § 64.—

(sc. velum), a ( flame-colored) bridal-veil, Plin. 21, 8, 22, § 46:

capere,

Cat. 61, 8:

sumere,

Juv. 2, 124:

puellae caput involvere flammeo,

Petr. 26, 1:

flammea texuntur sponsae,

Mart. 11, 78, 3; 12, 42, 3; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 325; Paul. ex Fest. p. 89 Müll.; cf. Non. p. 541 fin.;

Becker's Gall. 2, p. 24 sq.: lutea,

Luc. 2, 361; Mart. Cap. 5, § 538; Verg. Cir. 317.— Poet.:

flammea conterit,

i. e. changes husbands repeatedly, Juv. 6, 225.—

Trop.: flaming, glowing (ante- and post-class.): versus, Enn. ap. Non. 139, 15 (Sat. 7, p. 155 ed. Vahl.):

acres et flammei viri,

Sid. Ep. 1, 7.

flammĕus, a, um, adj. [id.], flaming, fiery.

Lit.:

sunt stellae naturā flammeae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118; Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

halitus,

Col. 5, 5, 15; Mart. 10, 62, 6.—

Transf., of color, flaming, flamecolored, fiery red:

lumina,

Ov. H. 12, 107:

flammeum quod phlox vocatur,

Plin. 21, 11, 38, § 64:

murex,

Val. Fl. 5, 361: vestimentum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 92 Müll.—Deriv.,

Subst.: flammĕum, i, n.

A fiery red color:

aliquid flammei, aliquid lutei,

Sen. N. Q. 1, 3, 4.—

= phlox, the flame-red violet, Plin. 21, 11, 38, § 64.—

(sc. velum), a ( flame-colored) bridal-veil, Plin. 21, 8, 22, § 46:

capere,

Cat. 61, 8:

sumere,

Juv. 2, 124:

puellae caput involvere flammeo,

Petr. 26, 1:

flammea texuntur sponsae,

Mart. 11, 78, 3; 12, 42, 3; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 325; Paul. ex Fest. p. 89 Müll.; cf. Non. p. 541 fin.;

Becker's Gall. 2, p. 24 sq.: lutea,

Luc. 2, 361; Mart. Cap. 5, § 538; Verg. Cir. 317.— Poet.:

flammea conterit,

i. e. changes husbands repeatedly, Juv. 6, 225.—

Trop.: flaming, glowing (ante- and post-class.): versus, Enn. ap. Non. 139, 15 (Sat. 7, p. 155 ed. Vahl.):

acres et flammei viri,

Sid. Ep. 1, 7.

hōra, ae (archaic gen. sing. horāï, Lucr. 1, 1016.—In abl. plur. HORABVS, Inscr. Orell. 4601), f. [kindred with hôra; Zend yare, year; ayara, day; orig. for Wosara, from Wear, ver], (lit., a definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, as in Greek).

Lit. (among the Romans, of varying length, according to the time of year, from sunrise to sunset being reckoned as twelve hours; cf.:

aetas, aevum, tempus, dies): aestiva,

Mart. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

viginti milia passuum horis quinque duntaxat aestivis conficienda sunt,

Veg. Mil. 1, 9:

horam amplius jam in demoliendo signo moliebantur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95:

īdem eadem possunt horam durare probantes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82:

ternas epistolas in hora dare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 1:

in hora saepe ducentos versus dictabat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 9:

horas tres dicere,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

primum dormiit ad horas tres,

id. ib. 10, 13, 1:

quatuor horarum spatio antecedens,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79 fin.:

quatuor aut plures aulaea premuntur in horas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 189:

non amplius quam septem horas dormiebat,

Suet. Aug. 78:

haec (cogitatio) paucis admodum horis magnas etiam causas complectitur,

Quint. 10, 6, 1:

paucissimarum horarum consulatus,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 181:

hora quota est?

what o'clock is it? Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:

nuntiare horas,

to tell the time of day, Juv. 10, 216; cf.:

cum a puero quaesisset horas,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 182; Suet. Dom. 16:

si te grata quies et primam somnus in horam Delectat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 6:

hora secunda postridie,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25:

quartā vix demum exponimur horā,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:

cum ad te quinta fere hora venissem,

Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

ea res acta est, cum hora sexta vix Pompeius perorasset, usque ad horam octavam,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:

hora fere nona,

id. ib.:

hora diei decima fere,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

hora fere undecima aut non multo secus,

id. Mil. 10, 29: prima salutantes atque altera continet hora;

Exercet raucos tertia causidicos: In quintam varios extendit Roma labores: Sexta quies lassis, septima finis erit, etc.,

Mart. 4, 8:

post horam primam noctis.... decem horis nocturnis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 19:

prima noctis,

Suet. Aug. 76:

tribus nocturnis,

id. Calig. 50:

id quidem in horam diei quintam vel octavam spectare maluerint, i. e.,

towards that part of the heavens where the sun is at the fifth or eighth hour, Plin. 17, 11, 16, § 84; 6, 32, 37, § 202:

hic tu fortasse eris diligens, ne quam ego horam de meis legitimis horis remittam,

of the hours allowed to an orator, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25:

hora partūs,

the hour of one's birth, natal hour, Suet. Aug. 94:

hora natalis,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 19:

mortis,

Suet. Dom. 14:

cenae,

id. Claud. 8:

pugnae,

id. Aug. 16:

somni,

id. Dom. 21 et saep.:

ad horam venire,

at the hour, punctually, Sen. Q. N. 2, 16:

clavum mutare in horas,

every hour, hourly, Hor. S. 2, 7, 10; id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. A. P. 160; Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 3.—

Prov.

In horam vivere, to care only for the passing hour, to live from hand to mouth, Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 25.—

Omnium horarum homo (amicus, etc.), ready, active, well disposed at all times, Quint. 6, 3, 110 Spald.; Suet. Tib. 42 (for which:

C. Publicium solitum dicere, P. Mummium cuivis tempori hominem esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 271).—

Transf., in plur.: hōrae, ārum, a horologe, dial, clock:

cum machinatione quadam moveri aliquid videmus, ut sphaeram, ut horas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Petr. 71; cf.:

videt oscitantem judicem, mittentem ad horas,

to look at the clock, Cic. Brut. 54, 200.—

Poet., in gen., time, time of year, season:

tu quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, Grata sume manu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 22:

et mihi forsan, tibi quod negarit, Porriget hora,

id. C. 2, 16, 31:

neu fluitem dubiae spe pendulus horae,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 110:

qui recte vivendi prorogat horam,

id. ib. 1, 2, 41:

extremo veniet mollior hora die,

Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 16:

numquam te crastina fallet Hora,

Verg. G. 1, 426:

sub verni temporis horam,

Hor. A. P. 302;

so of spring: genitalis anni,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107:

flagrantis atrox hora Caniculae,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 9:

(hae latebrae) Incolumem tibi me praestant Septembribus horis,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 16:

arbor ipsa omnibus horis pomifera est,

at all seasons, all the year round, Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 15.—

Personified: Hōrae, ārum, f., like the Gr. Hôrai, the Hours, daughters of Jupiter and Themis, goddesses that presided over the changes of the seasons and kept watch at the gates of heaven, Ov. M. 2, 26; 118; Val. Fl. 4, 92; Stat. Th. 3, 410; Ov. F. 1, 125; 5, 217; Hyg. Fab. 183.

Hō̆ra, ae, f. [perh. an old form for hĕra, lady], the wife of Quirinus ( Romulus), who was worshipped as a goddess (called, before her death, Hersilia, Ov. M. 14, 830): Quirine pater, veneror, Horamque Quirini, Enn. ap. Non. 120, 2 (Ann. v. 121 Vahl.):

Hora Quirini,

Gell. 13, 22, 2; cf.:

pariter cum corpore nomen Mutat Horamque vocat,

Ov. M. 14, 851.

hōra, ae (archaic gen. sing. horāï, Lucr. 1, 1016.—In abl. plur. HORABVS, Inscr. Orell. 4601), f. [kindred with hôra; Zend yare, year; ayara, day; orig. for Wosara, from Wear, ver], (lit., a definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, as in Greek).

Lit. (among the Romans, of varying length, according to the time of year, from sunrise to sunset being reckoned as twelve hours; cf.:

aetas, aevum, tempus, dies): aestiva,

Mart. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

viginti milia passuum horis quinque duntaxat aestivis conficienda sunt,

Veg. Mil. 1, 9:

horam amplius jam in demoliendo signo moliebantur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95:

īdem eadem possunt horam durare probantes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82:

ternas epistolas in hora dare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 1:

in hora saepe ducentos versus dictabat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 9:

horas tres dicere,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

primum dormiit ad horas tres,

id. ib. 10, 13, 1:

quatuor horarum spatio antecedens,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79 fin.:

quatuor aut plures aulaea premuntur in horas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 189:

non amplius quam septem horas dormiebat,

Suet. Aug. 78:

haec (cogitatio) paucis admodum horis magnas etiam causas complectitur,

Quint. 10, 6, 1:

paucissimarum horarum consulatus,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 181:

hora quota est?

what o'clock is it? Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:

nuntiare horas,

to tell the time of day, Juv. 10, 216; cf.:

cum a puero quaesisset horas,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 182; Suet. Dom. 16:

si te grata quies et primam somnus in horam Delectat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 6:

hora secunda postridie,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25:

quartā vix demum exponimur horā,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:

cum ad te quinta fere hora venissem,

Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

ea res acta est, cum hora sexta vix Pompeius perorasset, usque ad horam octavam,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:

hora fere nona,

id. ib.:

hora diei decima fere,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

hora fere undecima aut non multo secus,

id. Mil. 10, 29: prima salutantes atque altera continet hora;

Exercet raucos tertia causidicos: In quintam varios extendit Roma labores: Sexta quies lassis, septima finis erit, etc.,

Mart. 4, 8:

post horam primam noctis.... decem horis nocturnis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 19:

prima noctis,

Suet. Aug. 76:

tribus nocturnis,

id. Calig. 50:

id quidem in horam diei quintam vel octavam spectare maluerint, i. e.,

towards that part of the heavens where the sun is at the fifth or eighth hour, Plin. 17, 11, 16, § 84; 6, 32, 37, § 202:

hic tu fortasse eris diligens, ne quam ego horam de meis legitimis horis remittam,

of the hours allowed to an orator, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25:

hora partūs,

the hour of one's birth, natal hour, Suet. Aug. 94:

hora natalis,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 19:

mortis,

Suet. Dom. 14:

cenae,

id. Claud. 8:

pugnae,

id. Aug. 16:

somni,

id. Dom. 21 et saep.:

ad horam venire,

at the hour, punctually, Sen. Q. N. 2, 16:

clavum mutare in horas,

every hour, hourly, Hor. S. 2, 7, 10; id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. A. P. 160; Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 3.—

Prov.

In horam vivere, to care only for the passing hour, to live from hand to mouth, Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 25.—

Omnium horarum homo (amicus, etc.), ready, active, well disposed at all times, Quint. 6, 3, 110 Spald.; Suet. Tib. 42 (for which:

C. Publicium solitum dicere, P. Mummium cuivis tempori hominem esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 271).—

Transf., in plur.: hōrae, ārum, a horologe, dial, clock:

cum machinatione quadam moveri aliquid videmus, ut sphaeram, ut horas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Petr. 71; cf.:

videt oscitantem judicem, mittentem ad horas,

to look at the clock, Cic. Brut. 54, 200.—

Poet., in gen., time, time of year, season:

tu quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, Grata sume manu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 22:

et mihi forsan, tibi quod negarit, Porriget hora,

id. C. 2, 16, 31:

neu fluitem dubiae spe pendulus horae,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 110:

qui recte vivendi prorogat horam,

id. ib. 1, 2, 41:

extremo veniet mollior hora die,

Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 16:

numquam te crastina fallet Hora,

Verg. G. 1, 426:

sub verni temporis horam,

Hor. A. P. 302;

so of spring: genitalis anni,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107:

flagrantis atrox hora Caniculae,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 9:

(hae latebrae) Incolumem tibi me praestant Septembribus horis,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 16:

arbor ipsa omnibus horis pomifera est,

at all seasons, all the year round, Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 15.—

Personified: Hōrae, ārum, f., like the Gr. Hôrai, the Hours, daughters of Jupiter and Themis, goddesses that presided over the changes of the seasons and kept watch at the gates of heaven, Ov. M. 2, 26; 118; Val. Fl. 4, 92; Stat. Th. 3, 410; Ov. F. 1, 125; 5, 217; Hyg. Fab. 183.

Hō̆ra, ae, f. [perh. an old form for hĕra, lady], the wife of Quirinus ( Romulus), who was worshipped as a goddess (called, before her death, Hersilia, Ov. M. 14, 830): Quirine pater, veneror, Horamque Quirini, Enn. ap. Non. 120, 2 (Ann. v. 121 Vahl.):

Hora Quirini,

Gell. 13, 22, 2; cf.:

pariter cum corpore nomen Mutat Horamque vocat,

Ov. M. 14, 851.

hōra, ae (archaic gen. sing. horāï, Lucr. 1, 1016.—In abl. plur. HORABVS, Inscr. Orell. 4601), f. [kindred with hôra; Zend yare, year; ayara, day; orig. for Wosara, from Wear, ver], (lit., a definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, as in Greek).

Lit. (among the Romans, of varying length, according to the time of year, from sunrise to sunset being reckoned as twelve hours; cf.:

aetas, aevum, tempus, dies): aestiva,

Mart. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

viginti milia passuum horis quinque duntaxat aestivis conficienda sunt,

Veg. Mil. 1, 9:

horam amplius jam in demoliendo signo moliebantur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95:

īdem eadem possunt horam durare probantes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82:

ternas epistolas in hora dare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 1:

in hora saepe ducentos versus dictabat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 9:

horas tres dicere,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

primum dormiit ad horas tres,

id. ib. 10, 13, 1:

quatuor horarum spatio antecedens,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79 fin.:

quatuor aut plures aulaea premuntur in horas,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 189:

non amplius quam septem horas dormiebat,

Suet. Aug. 78:

haec (cogitatio) paucis admodum horis magnas etiam causas complectitur,

Quint. 10, 6, 1:

paucissimarum horarum consulatus,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 181:

hora quota est?

what o'clock is it? Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:

nuntiare horas,

to tell the time of day, Juv. 10, 216; cf.:

cum a puero quaesisset horas,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 182; Suet. Dom. 16:

si te grata quies et primam somnus in horam Delectat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 6:

hora secunda postridie,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25:

quartā vix demum exponimur horā,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:

cum ad te quinta fere hora venissem,

Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

ea res acta est, cum hora sexta vix Pompeius perorasset, usque ad horam octavam,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:

hora fere nona,

id. ib.:

hora diei decima fere,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

hora fere undecima aut non multo secus,

id. Mil. 10, 29: prima salutantes atque altera continet hora;

Exercet raucos tertia causidicos: In quintam varios extendit Roma labores: Sexta quies lassis, septima finis erit, etc.,

Mart. 4, 8:

post horam primam noctis.... decem horis nocturnis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 19:

prima noctis,

Suet. Aug. 76:

tribus nocturnis,

id. Calig. 50:

id quidem in horam diei quintam vel octavam spectare maluerint, i. e.,

towards that part of the heavens where the sun is at the fifth or eighth hour, Plin. 17, 11, 16, § 84; 6, 32, 37, § 202:

hic tu fortasse eris diligens, ne quam ego horam de meis legitimis horis remittam,

of the hours allowed to an orator, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25:

hora partūs,

the hour of one's birth, natal hour, Suet. Aug. 94:

hora natalis,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 19:

mortis,

Suet. Dom. 14:

cenae,

id. Claud. 8:

pugnae,

id. Aug. 16:

somni,

id. Dom. 21 et saep.:

ad horam venire,

at the hour, punctually, Sen. Q. N. 2, 16:

clavum mutare in horas,

every hour, hourly, Hor. S. 2, 7, 10; id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. A. P. 160; Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 3.—

Prov.

In horam vivere, to care only for the passing hour, to live from hand to mouth, Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 25.—

Omnium horarum homo (amicus, etc.), ready, active, well disposed at all times, Quint. 6, 3, 110 Spald.; Suet. Tib. 42 (for which:

C. Publicium solitum dicere, P. Mummium cuivis tempori hominem esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 271).—

Transf., in plur.: hōrae, ārum, a horologe, dial, clock:

cum machinatione quadam moveri aliquid videmus, ut sphaeram, ut horas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Petr. 71; cf.:

videt oscitantem judicem, mittentem ad horas,

to look at the clock, Cic. Brut. 54, 200.—

Poet., in gen., time, time of year, season:

tu quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, Grata sume manu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 22:

et mihi forsan, tibi quod negarit, Porriget hora,

id. C. 2, 16, 31:

neu fluitem dubiae spe pendulus horae,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 110:

qui recte vivendi prorogat horam,

id. ib. 1, 2, 41:

extremo veniet mollior hora die,

Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 16:

numquam te crastina fallet Hora,

Verg. G. 1, 426:

sub verni temporis horam,

Hor. A. P. 302;

so of spring: genitalis anni,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107:

flagrantis atrox hora Caniculae,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 9:

(hae latebrae) Incolumem tibi me praestant Septembribus horis,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 16:

arbor ipsa omnibus horis pomifera est,

at all seasons, all the year round, Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 15.—

Personified: Hōrae, ārum, f., like the Gr. Hôrai, the Hours, daughters of Jupiter and Themis, goddesses that presided over the changes of the seasons and kept watch at the gates of heaven, Ov. M. 2, 26; 118; Val. Fl. 4, 92; Stat. Th. 3, 410; Ov. F. 1, 125; 5, 217; Hyg. Fab. 183.

Hō̆ra, ae, f. [perh. an old form for hĕra, lady], the wife of Quirinus ( Romulus), who was worshipped as a goddess (called, before her death, Hersilia, Ov. M. 14, 830): Quirine pater, veneror, Horamque Quirini, Enn. ap. Non. 120, 2 (Ann. v. 121 Vahl.):

Hora Quirini,

Gell. 13, 22, 2; cf.:

pariter cum corpore nomen Mutat Horamque vocat,

Ov. M. 14, 851.

insĭdĭor, ātus, 1, v. dep. ( act. form insidiaverint for insidiati erunt, Dig. 48, 19, 28, § 11) [insidiae], to lie in ambush, lie in wait for; constr. with dat.

Lit.:

quam diu mihi, Catilina, insidiatus es,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

apris,

Mart. 12, 14, 10:

in legatis insidiandis,

Cic. Cael. 21, 51.—

Trop.:

somno maritorum,

Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

tempori,

to watch for, seize upon the favorable moment, Liv. 23, 35, 15: temporibus, to watch the changes of the times, to turn them to one ' s own advantage, Vell. 2, 21.

mōmentum, i, n. [for movimentum, from moveo], a movement, motion (as an indwelling force; cf.: motio, motus; class.).

Lit.:

astra forma ipsa figuraque sua momenta sustentant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 117:

pisces levi caudae in utrumque momento velocitatem suam flectunt,

Sen. Ep. 90, 24:

utque leves tactus momentaque parva sequantur,

Ov. M. 4, 180.—

Transf.

An alteration, change, disturbance, movement, revolution:

cetera populi Romani vectigalia, perlevi saepe momento fortunae, inclinatione temporis pendere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80:

nullum momentum annonae facere,

to effect no alteration in the price of corn, Liv. 4, 12:

animi,

id. 39, 5:

provincias magnis momentis concusserat,

Vell. 2, 78, 1:

sine momento rerum, partisque ruinā cadere,

Luc. 7, 118.—

A particle sufficient to turn the scales:

momentum staterae,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 15; id. Sap. 11, 23; hence, a particle, a part, a point:

myrrhae momentum,

Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 87:

quibus (regnis) pro ignobili momento erat accessura Macedonia,

a make-weight, Just. 7, 3, 1:

sol cotidie ex alio caeli momento, quam pridie, oritur,

a point, part, Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 333:

corpus orationis in parva momenta diducendo consumere,

Quint. 3, 11, 23; to lose the main subject in minute divisions:

ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est,

id. 5, 10, 71:

officiorum,

parts, Cic. Mur. 2, 3. —

In partic.

Of time, a short time, brief space, moment (syn. punctum):

parvis momentis multa natura affingit,

instants, moments, Cic. Div. 1, 52, 118:

momentis certis dimensis,

at certain fixed times, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 3:

non cunctandum ratus Hannibal, totis viribus adgressus urbem momento cepit,

Liv. 21, 14, 3:

momento temporis,

in a moment, id. 21, 33; 35, 11, 13:

momento horae,

in quick lapse of time, Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; cf.:

momento unius horae,

Curt. 9, 6, 21:

horae momento,

Liv. 5, 7, 3; 9, 16:

Maecenati triennio supremo nullo horae momento contigit somnus,

could not sleep a single hour, Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 172:

brevi horarum momento,

in a few hours, Just. 2, 14, 9:

ut momentum horae pereat,

that a short hour be lost, Phaedr. 3 prol. 5:

momento fit cinis diu silva,

in a moment, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 3:

in momento, in ictu oculi,

Vulg. 1 Cor. 15, 52:

in momento indignationis,

id. Isa. 54, 8:

pruna stomacho non utilissima, sed brevi momento,

are hurtful, but only for a short time, Plin. 23, 7, 66, § 132:

quantum quoquo momento temporis adiciatur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 70:

hoc fit dicis gratia uno momento,

id. ib. 1, 141.—

Transf., of space, distance, a little way:

parvo momento antecedere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

visūs nostri tarditas non subsequitur momenta currentis (sc. stellae), sed videt simul et unde exsilierit et quo pervenerit,

does not trace the successive points of its course, but sees the whole at once, Sen. Q. N. 1, 14, 4.—

Trop., a cause, a circumstance; weight, influence, importance, moment:

minimis momentis maximae inclinationes temporum fiunt,

from the slightest causes spring the greatest changes, Cic. Phil. 5, 10, 26:

momenta omnia observare,

all the circumstances, id. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

unamquamque rem momento suo ponderare,

according to its importance, id. Font. 6, 21; cf.:

ut omnia verborum momentis, non rerum ponderibus examinet,

id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

ita parvae res magnum in utramque partem momentum habuerunt,

influence, Caes. B. C. 3, 70:

quorum adventus hoc tamen momenti fecit, ut Scipio abscederet inde, etc.,

Liv. 29, 35:

nullum momentum in dando adimendoque regno habere,

no decisive influence, id. 1, 47, 6:

momenti aliquid apud Magnetas ad repetendam societatem Romanam facere,

id. 35, 39, 3:

cave quidquam habeat momenti gratia,

weight, influence, Cic. Mur. 30, 62:

magno ad persuadendum momento esse,

id. Inv. 2, 26, 77:

potentia,

motives, Ov. M. 11, 285:

Leonis (sideris),

influence, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 16:

praebe nostrae momenta saluti,

promote, Ov. P. 4, 13, 49:

erant octo cohortes... tum discordiā temporum a legione digressae, prout inclinassent, grande momentum sociae aut adversae,

Tac. H. 1, 59:

levi momento aestimare aliquid,

to consider of little moment, to prize lightly, Caes. B. G. 7, 39:

nullius momenti aliquid putare,

of no moment, unimportant, Cic. Vatin. 1, 1: nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum, Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

quod (oppidum) per se parvum magni momenti locum obtinuit,

Tac. H. 3, 8:

id est maximi momenti et ponderis,

of the greatest moment, Cic. Vatin. 4, 19:

exponunt, se tentāsse etiam haud magni momenti finitimarum gentium auxilia,

Liv. 10, 16, 5:

sed in bello nihil tam leve est, quod non magnae interdum rei momentum faciat,

id. 25, 18, 3; 28, 17, 10; 27, 45, 5:

inpensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti facere,

id. 43, 23, 8:

nullā in re nisi in virtute propensionem ne minimi quidem momenti esse ad, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 4, 17, 47:

omnino nihil habere momenti,

id. ib. 2, 12, 38.

orbis, is (nom. orbs, Ven. Carm. 8, 5. — Abl. regul. orbe;

but orbi,

Lucr. 5, 74:

ex orbi,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16; Rutil. ap. Charis. p. 112 P.: orbi terrae, in the meaning in the world, Cic. Sest. 30, 66; so,

orbi terrarum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82 Halm; id. Dom. 10, 24; id. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 112 P.), m. [etym. dub.; perh. akin to Sanscr. dhvar, bend, twist], any thing of a circular shape, a ring, round surface, disk, hoop, orbit, orb, a circle (class.; cf.: circus, circulus, gyrus, spira).

Lit.:

in orbem torquere,

Cic. Univ. 7:

curvare aliquid in orbem,

Ov. M. 2, 715:

certumque equitavit in orbem,

id. ib. 12, 468.—Of a ring:

et digitum justo commodus orbe teras,

fit exactly, Ov. Am. 2, 15, 6:

unionum,

roundness, Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 113.—Of a circle formed by men:

ut in orbem consisterent,

place themselves in a circle, form a circle, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

cum illi, orbe facto, se defenderent,

id. ib. 4, 37:

orbem volventes suos increpans,

Liv. 4, 28:

in orbem pugnare,

id. 28, 22, 15:

in orbem sese stantibus equis defendere,

id. 28, 33, 15: stella (phaethôn) eundem duodecim signorum orbem annis duodecim conficit, the zodiac, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52:

lacteus,

the Milky Way, id. Rep. 6, 16, 16.—Of the orbit of a heavenly body:

sidera circulos suos orbesque conficiunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15.—Of a serpent, the windings, coils:

immensis orbibus angues Incumbunt pelago,

Verg. A. 2, 204.—Of a circular surface or disk:

orbis mensae,

a round table-top, Ov. H. 17, 87; cf. Juv. 11, 122.—Also, simply orbes, a round table, Mart. 2, 43; Juv. 1, 137.—Of a quoit or discus:

ictus ab orbe,

Ov. Ib. 590.—Of the scale of a balance:

instabilis natat alterno depressior orbe,

Tib. 4, 1, 44.—Of a mirror:

addidit et nitidum sacratis crinibus orbem,

Mart. 9, 18, 5.—Of a shield:

illa (hasta) per orbem Aere cavum triplici... Transiit,

Verg. A. 10, 783; Petr. 89.—Of a mosaic pavement of rounded pieces [p. 1276] of marble, Juv. 11, 175.—Of a scale, one side of a balance, Tib. 4, 1, 44.—Of the millstones of an oil-mill, Cato, R. R. 22.—Of the wooden disk placed over olives in pressing them, Cato, R. R. 18.—Of the hoop or tire of a wheel:

rotarum orbes circumacti,

Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52.—Of the wheel itself:

undaque jam tergo ferratos sustinet orbes,

Verg. G. 3, 361.—Hence, the wheel of fortune, Tib. 1, 5, 70; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 7; id. P. 2, 3, 56.—Of the socket of the eye:

inanem luminis orbem,

Ov. M. 14, 200.—Of the eye itself:

gemino lumen ab orbe venit,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 16:

ardentes oculorum orbes ad moenia torsit,

Verg. A. 12, 670.—Of the sun's disk or orb:

lucidus orbis,

Verg. G. 1, 459.—Of the moon's disk or orb:

quater junctis implevit cornibus orbem Luna, quater plenum tenuata retexuit orbem,

Ov. M. 7, 530.—Of the circle of the world, the world, the universe:

Juppiter arce suā totum cum spectet in orbem,

Ov. F. 1, 85:

renatus,

the new-born day, Sil. 5, 56: terrarum or terrae, the circle or orb of the earth, the world (since the ancients regarded the earth as a circular plane or disk):

permittitur infinita potestas orbis terrarum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 33:

ager Campanus orbis terrae pulcherrimus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 76; id. Sest. 30, 66:

cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis?

Verg. A. 1, 233; cf. id. ib. 7, 224.—Also, simply orbis (so mostly poet.):

hic, ubi nunc Roma est orbis caput, arbor et herbae,

Ov. F. 5, 93:

unus,

Juv. 10, 168; 4, 148:

universus,

Vulg. Luc. 2, 1; id. Apoc. 12, 9.—Hence, a country, region, territory:

Eoo dives ab orbe redit,

the East, Ov. F. 3, 466:

Assyrius,

Juv. 2, 108:

noster,

Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 45.— A kind of fish, Plin. 32, 2, 5, § 14 Sillig; cf. Isid. Orig. 12, 6, 6.—

Trop., a circle.

Of things that return at a certain period of time, a rotation, round, circuit:

ut idem in singulos annos orbis volveretur,

Liv. 3, 10:

insigne regium in orbem per omnes iret,

in rotation, id. 3, 36:

orbis hic in re publicā est conversus,

the circle of political changes, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—

Orbis doctrinae, an encyclopœdia: orbis ille doctrinae quam Graeci enkuklion paideian vocant, Quint. 1, 10, 1.—

Of speech, a rounding off, roundness, rotundity:

circuitum, et quasi orbem verborum conficere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 51, 198:

orationis,

id. Or. 71, 234:

historia non tam finitos numeros quam orbem quendam contextumque desiderat,

Quint. 9, 4, 129.—

A circle or cycle of thought:

sententiae Pyrrhonis in hunc orbem quem circumscripsimus, incidere non possunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 23; cf.:

circa vilem patulumque orbem,

Hor. A. P. 132.—

Esp.: in orbem ire, to go the rounds, go around:

quinque dierum spatio finiebatur imperium ac per omnes in orbem ibant,

in turn, Liv. 1, 17, 6; 3, 36, 3.

rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;

and in the middle of the verse,

id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).

In gen.:

unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,

Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:

in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,

id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):

versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,

Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:

rerum natura creatrix,

id. 2, 1117:

divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):

haeret haec res,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:

profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,

id. ib. 2, 1, 23:

de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,

id. ib. prol. 110:

in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,

from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:

si res postulabit,

the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,

does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—

With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:

illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,

is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,

res mala,

a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:

bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,

circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:

res secundae,

good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:

res prosperae,

Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:

in secundissimis rebus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:

adversae res,

id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:

res belli adversae,

Liv. 10, 6:

res dubiae,

Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;

v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,

go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:

malam rem hinc ibis?

id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—

With an adj. in a periphrasis:

abhorrens ab re uxoriā,

matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

in arbitrio rei uxoriae,

dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:

rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,

a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:

erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:

rei rusticae libro primo,

Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §

19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

Cic. Sen. 15, 54:

navalis rei certamina,

naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:

res militaris,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

rei militaris gloria,

id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:

res frumentaria,

forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:

armatae rei scientissimus,

Amm. 25, 4, 7:

peritus aquariae rei,

id. 28, 2, 2:

res judicaria,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:

res ludicra,

play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:

uti rebus veneriis,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:

res Veneris,

Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —

With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:

ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,

this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:

Ea res est,

it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:

de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,

of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:

quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,

every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:

nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,

nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:

neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.

also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

magna res principio statim bello,

a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:

nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,

the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:

scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,

the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —

Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

maxime rerum,

Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:

maxima rerum Roma,

Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:

fortissima rerum animalia,

id. ib. 12, 502:

pulcherrime rerum,

id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:

dulcissime rerum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—

In adverb. phrases:

e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,

after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:

pro re natā,

according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:

pro tempore et pro re,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

factis benignus pro re,

according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:

pro re pauca loquar,

Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:

ex re et ex tempore,

Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:

e re respondi,

Cat. 10, 8.

In partic.

Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:

ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:

desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:

rem fabulari,

Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:

nihil est aliud in re,

in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:

se ipsa res aperit,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7:

ex re decerpere fructus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;

opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:

non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,

id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:

Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:

quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,

Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:

eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,

id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:

vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:

haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,

Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,

re quidem verā,

id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:

re autem verā,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;

and simply re verā,

id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:

re verāque,

Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:

et re verā,

indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—

Effects, substance, property, possessions:

mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:

quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:

rem talentum decem,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:

avidior ad rem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:

rem facere,

to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:

qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,

id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:

libertino natum patre et in tenui re,

in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):

privatae res,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—

Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):

res corporales,

Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:

res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,

Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:

res sanctae,

Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—

Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:

res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:

melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:

haec tuā re feceris,

to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:

quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,

is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):

si in rem tuam esse videatur,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:

vide si hoc in rem deputas,

id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

quod in rem recte conducat tuam,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:

si in remst utrique,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:

quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,

useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:

tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

Sall. C. 20, 1:

omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,

Curt. 6, 2, 21:

ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,

Liv. 30, 4, 6:

imperat quae in rem sunt,

id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:

ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,

for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:

haud id est ab re aucupis,

id. As. 1, 3, 71:

haec haud ab re duxi referre,

Liv. 8, 11, 1:

non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,

id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—

Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:

eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,

Cato, R. R. 158, 2:

hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:

illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:

patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:

quoi rei?

for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—

An affair, matter of business, business:

cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,

Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

rem cum aliquo transigere,

id. Clu. 13, 39. —

Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,

to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:

famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:

quoniam cum senatore res est,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;

esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,

to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:

jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —

A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):

ubi res prolatae sunt,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:

res agi,

id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:

quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.

(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.

also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,

Liv. 1, 32:

de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

si res certabitur olim,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,

Dig. 3, 3, 12:

rem differre,

ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—

An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:

res gesta virtute,

Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:

ut res gesta est ordine narrare,

Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:

his rebus gestis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

res gerere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

rem bene gerere,

id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

comminus rem gerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

res gestae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:

adversus duos simul rem gerere,

Liv. 21, 60:

rem male gerere,

Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:

in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,

Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

rem agere,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:

ante rem,

before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:

cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,

Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—

Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:

res in unam sententiam scripta,

Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:

cui lecta potenter erit res,

Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:

in medias res auditorem rapere,

id. A. P. 148; 310:

agitur res in scaenis,

id. ib. 179; cf.:

numeros animosque secutus, non res,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:

sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,

Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:

litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,

history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—

Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:

erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,

id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:

si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,

id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:

commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,

id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:

merere de republicā,

Plaut. Am. prol. 40:

de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

oppugnare rem publicam,

id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:

paene victā re publicā,

id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:

delere rem publicam,

id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:

senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,

Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:

ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;

but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:

eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,

id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—

Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):

hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,

Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:

parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,

id. 6, 41 fin.:

Romana,

Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:

ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,

Liv. 1, 28 fin.:

Albana,

id. 1, 6.— In plur.:

res Asiae evertere,

Verg. A. 3, 1:

custode rerum Caesare,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:

res sine discordiā translatae,

Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —

Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

signĭfĭcātus, ūs, m. [significo] (postAug. for significatio, II. B. and D.).

A sign, token, prognostic of coming changes of weather: tempestatum significatus. Vitr. 9, 7 fin.; Plin. 18, 25, 59, § 221; 18, 31, 74, § 310.—

Lit., meaning, import, signification of a word (syn. vis):

ve particula duplicem significatum capit,

Gell. 5, 12, 9. —

Transf., a name, appellation:

bellis significatum dare,

Arn. 1, 3.

trŏpĭcus, a, um, adj., = tropikos.

Lit., of or belonging to a turn or turning, tropical:

Capricornus,

i. e. where the sun turns back, Aus. Idyll. 16, 7; cf. id. Ecl. de Ratione Diei Anni, 2; Manil. 3, 614.—

Trop.

trŏpĭca, ōrum, n., changes, alterations:

pecuniae cupiditas haec tropica instituit,

Petr. 88.—

In the later rhet. lang., figurative, metaphorical, tropical (late Lat.):

figura,

Gell. 13, 24, 31: locutiones, Aug. contra Mendac. 10.— Adv.: trŏpĭcē, figuratively:

loqui maluit,

Aug. Genes. ad Lit. 4, 9.

trŏpĭcus, a, um, adj., = tropikos.

Lit., of or belonging to a turn or turning, tropical:

Capricornus,

i. e. where the sun turns back, Aus. Idyll. 16, 7; cf. id. Ecl. de Ratione Diei Anni, 2; Manil. 3, 614.—

Trop.

trŏpĭca, ōrum, n., changes, alterations:

pecuniae cupiditas haec tropica instituit,

Petr. 88.—

In the later rhet. lang., figurative, metaphorical, tropical (late Lat.):

figura,

Gell. 13, 24, 31: locutiones, Aug. contra Mendac. 10.— Adv.: trŏpĭcē, figuratively:

loqui maluit,

Aug. Genes. ad Lit. 4, 9.

vărĭĕtas, ātis, f. [varius], difference, diversity, variety (class.; used alike in sing. and plur.): varietas Latinum verbum est, idque proprie quidem in disparibus coloribus dicitur: sed transfertur in multa disparia: varium poëma, varia oratio, varii mores, varia fortuna;

voluptas etiam varia dici solet, cum percipitur ex multis dissimilibus rebus dissimiliter efficientibus voluptates,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 10:

florum omnium,

id. Sen. 15, 54:

Asia varietate fructuum facile omnibus terris antecedit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14:

ut in corporibus magnae dissimilitudines sunt, sic in animis exsistunt majores etiam varietates,

id. Off. 1, 30, 107; cf. id. Div. 2, 44, 92:

varietates vocum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9:

caeli,

id. ib. 1, 36, 79:

rerum publicarum,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

bellum in multā varietate terrā marique versatum,

i. e. changes, vicissitudes, id. Arch. 9, 21:

(Timaeus) sententiarum varietate abundantissimus,

id. de Or. 2, 14, 58:

esse in varietate ac dissensione,

variety of opinion, id. N. D. 1, 1, 2:

voluntatis,

difference of wish, id. Att. 1, 17, 1:

utilitatis varietates,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

nec varietatem natura patitur,

id. ib. 3, 11, 18: extimescens varietatem atque infidelitatem exercitūs, changeableness, fickleness, inconstancy, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2:

ad varietates annonae horreum fore,

vicissitudes, Liv. 7, 31, 1:

figurarum,

Quint. 10, 2, 1:

juris,

id. 3, 6, 90:

nullum exspirantem versicolori quādam et numerosā varietate spectari proceres gulae narrant,

Plin. 9, 17, 30, § 66:

cum videamus tot varietates circumagi,

fluctuations of fortune, Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 6.—

Transf., varied clothing, colored attire:

circumamictā varietate, Aug. Civ. Dei, 17, 16, 2: circumamicta varietatibus,

Vulg. Psa. 44, 15.

vĕnēnum, i, n., orig., like pharmakon, any thing, esp. any liquid substance, that powerfully affects or changes the condition of the body, a potion, juice, drug (cf. virus).

In gen.: qui venenum dicit, adicere debet, utrum malum an bonum; nam et medicamenta venena sunt: quia eo nomine omne continetur, quod adhibitum naturam ejus, cui adhibitum esset, mutat. Cum id quod nos venenum appellamus, Graeci pharmakon dicunt, apud illos quoque tam medicamenta, quam quae nocent hoc nomine continentur, etc., Dig. 50, 16, 236; cf. ib. 48, 8, 3.—Obsolete, however, in this general signif.: qui venenum malum fecit fecerit, an old legal formula in Cic. Clu. 54, 148:

avaritia pecuniae studium habet: ea quasi venenis malis imbuta corpus animum que virilem effeminat,

Sall. C. 11, 3.—

In partic.

In a bad sense, like pharmakon (freq. and class.).

A potion that destroys life, poison, venom (cf. toxicum).

Lit.:

ipsius veneni quae ratio fingitur? ubi quaesitum est? quem ad modum paratum? cui, quo in loco traditum?

Cic. Cael. 24, 58; 21, 51; id. Clu. 60, 165; 61, 169; id. Phil. 11, 6, 13; id. N. D. 3, 33, 81; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

nobis veratrum est acre venenum,

Lucr. 4, 638; Verg. A. 4, 514; Hor. C. 1, 37, 28; id. Epod. 3, 5; 5, 22; id. S. 2, 3, 131:

dare,

Liv. 40, 24, 5.—

Trop., mischief, evil, destruction (rare, and not in Cic.):

discordia ordinum est venenum urbis hujus,

Liv. 3, 67, 6: regis Rupili pus atque venenum, i e. [p. 1968] virulence, Hor. S. 1, 7, 1.—Of bad poems, Cat. 44, 12; 77, 5; cf.:

humili veneno laedere aliquem,

Stat. Th. 1, 171:

venena linguarum, Treb. Poll. Trig. Tyr. 30: lingua est suffusa veneno,

Ov. M. 2, 777.—

Lit., a magical potion, charm:

item ut Medea Peliam concoxit senem: Quem medicamento et suis venenis dicitur Fecisse rursus ex sene adulescentulum,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 81:

dira Medeae,

Hor. Epod. 5, 62:

Colcha,

id. C. 2, 13, 8:

Colchica,

id. Epod. 17, 35; Cic. Or. 37, 129; Hor. C. 1, 27, 22; id. Epod. 5, 22; 5, 87; id. S. 1, 8, 19; 2, 1, 48; Ov. M. 7, 209; 14, 55; 14, 403:

qui quodam quasi veneno perficiat, ut veros heredes moveat,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:

id quod amatorium appellatur, venenum est,

Dig. 48, 8, 3.—

Trop., charm, seduction: aetas et corpus tenerum et morigeratio, Haec sunt venena formosarum mulierum, Afran. ap. Non. 2, 7:

intactos isto satius tentare veneno (i. e. amore),

Prop. 2, 12 (3, 3), 19:

blandum,

Sil. 7, 453; 11, 309:

occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno (i. e. amoris),

Verg. A. 1, 688.—

In a good sense.

A coloring material, a color, dye, paint ( poet.):

alba nec Assyrio fucatur lana veneno,

Verg. G. 2, 465; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 207; Ov. R. Am. 351.—

A drug used in embalming, Luc. 8, 691.

versĭcŏlor, ōris (abl. versicolori, Liv. 7, 10:

versicolore,

Prop. 4, 7, 50; Ov. F. 5, 356; post-class. collat. form of the nomsing. versĭcŏlōrus, Prud. adv. Symm. 2, 56; neutr. versicolorum, Dig. 32, 1, 70, § 12 Momms.; and - cŏlōrĭus, Dig. 34, 2, 32, § 6), adj. [verso-color], that changes its color, of changeable color; of various colors, partycolored (class.).

Lit.: plumae versicolores, * Cic. Fin. 3, 5, 18:

pavo,

Tert. Pall. 3: vestimentum, of divers colors, party-colored, Liv 34, 1, 3; cf. Dig. 32, 1, 70, § 12:

vestis,

Liv. 7, 10, 7; Quint. 10, 1, 33:

arma,

Verg. A. 10, 181:

cultus Florae,

Ov. F. 5, 356:

poma,

Col. 3, 21, 3.— Subst.: versĭcŏlōrĭa, ium, n., dyed stuffs, colored woolens. constabat apud veteres lanae appellatione versicoloria non contineri, Dig. 32, 1, 70, § 12; 34, 2, 32, § 6.—Esp., party-colored sails, Plin. 19, 1, 5, § 22.—

Trop.:

translucida et versicolor quorundam elocutio,

Quint. 8, praef. § 20.