audaciā+ter

com-prehendo (zsgzg. com-prēndo), prehendī (prēndī), prehēnsum (prēnsum), ere, I) zusammenfassen, zusammenhalten = verbinden, vereinigen, a) übh.: easque ipsas (naves) malis antennisque de nave in navem traiectis ac validis funibus velut uno inter se vinculo illigatis comprendit, Liv. – v. lebl. Subjj., oras vulneris suturae comprehendunt, Cels. 7, 4. no. 3. – b) als mediz. t.t. = durch etw. binden, medicamentum melle, Scrib. 70 extr. u.a. Veget. mul. 6, 27, 1.

II) befassen, begreifen, A) eig.: 1) = umfassen, umschließen, a) übh.: vulva non maior (est), quam ut manu comprehendatur, Cels. 4, 1. p. 122, 31 D. – b) umgebend umschließen = umgeben, α) einen Körper umschließen, umschlingen, umwickeln, v. Binden u. dgl., fascia caput umeri comprehendere debet, Cels.: quā (linum) comprehendit alvum, Cels.: multae membranulae venas et arterias comprehendunt, Cels.: articuli validis nervis comprehenduntur, Cels. – filo comprehensae venae, unterbundene, Cels. – β) einen Raum umgeben, einschließen, loca vallo, Frontin. 2, 11, 7. – c) in einen Raum aufnehmend, umfassen, begreifen, α) übh.: quas (nuces integras) uno modio comprehendere possis, Varr.: ovis non comprehendatur hieme (sc. stabulis), darf man nicht überwintern lassen, Col. – v. Raume selbst, circuitus rupis XXXII

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stadia comprehendit, Curt. – von der Tragweite eines Geschosses, quantum impulsa valet comprendere lancea nodo, Sil. 4, 102. – u. von der Tragweite eines chirurg. Instrum. usw., si vitium in angusto est, quod comprehendere modiolus (Trepan) possit, Cels.: fascia non vulnus tantum, sed paulum utrimque eius comprehendat, Cels. – β) v. Weibe, empfangen = schwanger werden (gew. concipere, griech. συλλαμβάνεσθαι), Cels. 5, 21. § 13.

2) befassen = anfassen, erfassen, fassen, ergreifen, a) übh.: quid manibus (opus est), si nihil comprehendendum est? Cic.: c. ramos, Curt.: aures, Tibull.: supinum eum (puerum) et aversum, Cels.: alcis dextram, Val. Max.: carbonem duplici forcipe, Hier.: lanceam laevā, Curt.: sinistrā manu scrotum, Cels.: tura tribus digitis, Lact.: testam plano situ digitis, Min. Fel.: quantum manu comprehendet, Cels.: quantum tribus digitis comprehendi potest, Cels. – c. alqm faucibus (bei der Kehle), Val. Max.: alqm comā (beim H.), Dict.: guttura morsu, Lucan.: manum (Rüssel) elephantorum mordicus, Plin. – v. lebl. Subjj., α) v. Instrumenten, saepe enim forceps, cum dentem comprehendere non possit aut frustra comprehendat, os gingivae prehendit et frangit, Cels. 7, 12, 1. p. 287, 24 D. – β) v. Feuer, ignis robora comprehendit, Verg.: quae (flamma) igni alita oppidanorum sepulcra comprehendit, Curt.: incendium turres et ce-

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tera opera comprehendit, Curt. – im Passiv, opera flammā comprehensa, Hirt. b.G.: avidis comprehenditur ignibus agger, Ov.: im Zshg. ohne igni. od. flammā, comprehensa aedificia, comprehensae lautumiae et atrium regium, Liv. 26, 27. § 2 u. 3. – γ) v. Ggstdn., die Feuer fangen, hae (casae) celeriter ignem comprehenderunt, Caes.: c. longis crinibus ignem (v. einer Pers.), Verg. – im Passiv, flammā ab utroque cornu comprehensā naves sunt combustae quinque, Caes. – δ) v. Krankheit, comprehendi morbo toto corpore, Iustin.: comprendi pestiferā lue, Iustin. – ε) als t.t. der Gärtnersprache, v. Pflanzen = Wurzel fassen, bekleiben, c. terram, ICt.: absol., Col. u. Pallad. – v. Pfropfreis = einwachsen, absol., Varr. r.r. 1, 40, 6. – b) als Bittender jmds. Hand ergreifen, jmd. an der Hand fassen, comprehendunt utrumque et orant, ne etc., Caes. b.G. 5, 31, 1. – c) feindlich ergreifen, α) Pers. ergreifen, fassen, packen, festnehmen (Ggstz. dimittere, emittere), fratres Litavicci, Caes.: servos, Liv.: fures, Catull.: interfectores fugientes, Liv.: praesidium Punicum, gefangen nehmen, Liv.: hominem c. et in custodiam Ephesi tradere, Cic.: alqm e navi egressum c. et in vincula conicere, Caes.: belli duces captos et comprehensos tenere, Cic. – mit Advv., propalam Dareus comprehendi non poterat, Curt. – m. Prädikats-Acc., alqm vivum in fuga, Caes.; od. m. pro u. Abl., alqm pro moecho,

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Ter. – m. in u. Abl., alqm in fuga, Caes.: alqm in furto, Frontin.: alqm in furto aut in latrocinio, Cic. – mit cum u. Abl. (womit? od. mit wem?), alqm cum gladio cruento, Cic.: alqm simul cum Ismenia, Nep. – mit per u. Akk., regem per milites, Curt. – m. folg. Infin. = dabei ertappen, daß usw., qui interesse conventibus interdictis fuerint comprehensi, Cod. Theod. 16, 4, 5. – β) Tiere u. sächl. Ggstde. aufgreifen, festnehmen, wegnehmen, mit Beschlag (Arrest) belegen, raedas equosque, Caes.: vehicula, Suet.: naves duas, Nep.: epistulas, Iustin.: venenum manifesto, Cic. – m. in u. Abl. od. m. bl. Genet. od. Abl. locat., naves in flumine Vulturno, Liv.: alcis signa militaria atque arma Capuae, Caes.: m. per u. Akk., Apameae manifesto comprehensum esse... auri pondo centum paulo minus per Sex. Caesium, Cic. – m. ad u. Akk. Gerund., vehicula ad deportandum meritoria et pistrinensia iumenta, Suet. – γ) eine Örtl. besetzen, aliis comprehensis collibus, Caes. b.c. 3, 46. § 6. – δ) eine verbrecherische Handlungsweise entdecken, alcis nefandum adulterium in pulvinaribus sanctissimis nobilissimae feminae, jmd. ertappen bei usw., Cic.: res indicio alcis comprehenditur, Cic.: totius testimonii ficta audacia manifesto comprehensa (auf der Tat ertappt) atque oppressa tenetur, Cic.

B) übtr.: 1) umfassen, umschließen, a) mit Liebe, Freundschaft usw. umschließen, sich verbinden, ad-

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ulescentem humanitate suā, Cic.: multos amicitiā, Cic.: totam Atinatem praefecturam omnibus officiis per se, per patrem, per maiores suos, Cic. – b) in eine od. mit einer Gestalt einschließen, spiritum (heiligen Geist) in effigiem c., Lact. 4, 8, 9: elementorum figurae humanā specie comprehensae, Lact. 2, 6, 1. – c) in eine Formel, einen Begriff usw. einschließen, mit (ein)begreifen, in hanc formulam omnia iudicia legitima, omnia officia domestica conclusa et comprehensa sint, Cic.: quae omnia senatus decretis comprehensa et comprobata sunt, Vell.: quae omnia una cum deorum notione comprehendimus, unter dem Begriff Gott mitbegreifen, Cic. – d) mit Worten od. Zahlen, begreifen, α) mit Worten u. dgl. begreifen, in Worte fassen, ausdrücken, beschreiben, m. Abl., verbis luculentioribus et pluribus rem eandem, Cic.: circumscriptione quādam verborum comprehendere concludereque sententiam, Cic.: alqd paucis verbis c., Cels.: alqd brevi c., Cic.: c. alqd dictis, Ov.: bella viginti voluminibus, Suet. – mit Advv., breviter comprehensa sententia, Cic.: breviter verbis comprehensa enuntiatio, Quint.: breviter paucis c. multa, Lucr.: propriis verbis solute et facile sententiam, Cic.: hanc partem (medicinae) pluribus voluminibus diligentissime, Cic. – ohne weitere Ang., veterum rerum memoriam, Cic.: quae (adversa) si comprendere coner etc., Ov.: quas (curationes) protinus hic comprehendam, Cels.:

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omnes scelerum comprendere formas possim, Verg.: unpers., ut supra comprehensum est, wie oben gesagt, Cels. – β) mit Zahlen, in der Berechnung begreifen, alqd numero, in oder mit Zahlen ausdrücken, Verg. georg. 2, 104. Ov. art. am. 2, 447: quorum numerum comprendere non est, die man nicht alle zu zählen vermöchte, Ov. trist. 5, 11, 19: cum minores summas et dissidentes computatio una comprehendit, Sen. ep. 84, 7.

2) durch sinnliche Wahrnehmung usw. begreifen, auffassen, erfassen, mit u. ohne Abl. visu, mit dem Gesichtssinn, alqd visu, Sil. 3, 404: u. (ohne visu) litterarum apices, Gell. 13, 30 (31), 10. – mit Abl. sensu od. sensibus, mit dem Sinne, mit den Sinnen, Cic. – m. Abl. memoriā, recordatione = im Gedächtnisse, in der Erinnerung festhalten, bewahren, has quinque dierum disputationes memoriā c., Cic.: hoc recordatione c., Sen. – m. Abl. animo, cogitatione, mente, scientiā = mit dem Geiste usw. erfassen, begreifen = verstehen, erkennen, animo intellegentiam alcis rei, Cic.: omnes animo virtutes penitus, Cic.: omnia quae sunt in rerum natura celeriter animo, Cic.: alqd animo c. et tenere, Cic.: animo alqd tenere comprehensum, non sensibus, Cic.: cognitum comprehensumque animis alqd habere, Cic.: habere bene cognitam voluptatem et satis firme conceptam animo atque comprehensam, Cic.: c. omma suis animis et cogita-

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tione, Cic.: intellegere et cogitatione c., qualis sit animus, Cic.: sed quo magis (mentem ab oculis) sevoco, eo minus id, quod tu vis, possum mente comprehendere, Cic.: si quam opinionem iam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, eine Meinung gefaßt habt, Cic.: res penitus perspectae planeque cognitae scientiāque comprehensae, Cic. – mit Abl. wodurch? = woran? alqd certis signis, Col. 6, 24, 3: alqd experimentis assiduis, Pallad. 2, 13, 8. – im Zshg. ohne weitere Ang. = begreifen, verstehen, esse aliquid, quod comprehendi et percipi posset, Cic.: non posse vero comprehendi (naturam), Cels. – ⇒ Die (nach Quint. 1, 5, 21 ursprüngliche, durch Aspiration erst in comprehendo erweiterte) Form comprendo findet sich nicht bloß bei Dichtern, sondern auch in den besten Handschriften der besten Prosaiker und in pros. Inschriften (zB. comprendit, Liv. 30, 10, 5: comprensa, Caes. b.c. 3, 101, 5: comprendo, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 4842, 64; vgl. Osann Apul. de orthogr. p. 114. Mai Cic. de rep. 4, 5, 5. Heerw. Liv. 21, 58, 6. p. 206. Köne, die Sprache der röm. Epiker S. 234 f.

ē-rumpo, rūpī, ruptum, ere, herausbrechen, I) tr.: A) ausbrechen lassen, herausstürzen, 1) eig.: fontibus dulces liquores, v. der Erde, Tibull. 4, 1, 86. – gew. refl. se erumpere u. Passiv erumpi medial, heraus-, hervorbrechen, portis se er. foras (v. Pers.), Caes.: unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus, Verg.: incita cum vis exagitata foras erumpitur, Lucr.: faucibus erupti ignes, Lucr.: cum sanguis eruptus est, Scrib. – im Bilde, invidiosa coniunctio ad bellum se erumpit, hat zu einem Kr. geführt, Cael. in Cic. ep. 8, 14, 2. – 2) übtr., ausschütten, auslassen, Luft machen, gaudium, Ter.: iram in alqm, Liv.: stomachum in alqm, Cic.: in eas naves indiligentiae suae ac doloris iracundiam erupit, Caes. – B) machen, daß etwas (ein Geschwür usw.) aufbricht, Cato r. r. 157, 3. – C) etw. durchbrechen, aus etwas heraus-, hervorbrechen, nubem, Verg.: Pontum, v. Fischen, Tac.: vincula, ICt. – II) intr. mit Ungestüm, mit Gewalt hervorbrechen, sich herausstürzen, losbrechen, 1) eig.: a) im allg.: abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit, Cic.: er. ex contione, ex carcere, Curt.: ignes ex Aetnae vertice erumpunt, Cic.: erumpit sanguis iugulo, Lucan.: lacrimae aut erumpunt dolore aut laetitiā manant, Quint.: fletus erumpit, Quint.: erumpit etiam (risus) invitis saepe, Quint. – b) als milit. t. t., heraus-, hervorbrechen, einen Ausfall machen. abs., Caes. u.a.: ex ca-

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stris, Caes.: portis, Sall.: patefactā portā, Liv.: inter tela hostium, Sall.: per hostes, sich durchschlagen, Liv.: ad Catilinam, Cic.: in palatos populatores, Liv.: ad erumpendum in stationes operaque hostium animus erat, Liv.: unpers.: duabus simul portis erumpitur, Liv. – c) v. phys. Übeln, hervorbrechen, per lumbos fistulae puris erumpunt, Nep. Att. 21, 3. – d) wachsend hervorbrechen, -keimen, durchbrechen, folium e latere erumpit, Plin.: dentes erumpunt, Plin. – e) als mediz. t. t., sich verrenken, ne (femur) rursus erumpat, Cels. 8, 20 extr. – f) in einen Ton ausbrechen = plötzlich übergehen, interim elisa (vox) in illum sonum erumpit, quem etc., Quint. 11, 3, 51. – 2) übtr.: a) im allg.: erumpat enim aliquando vera et me digna vox (Wort)! es mache sich einmal Luft, ich will nicht länger zurückhalten! Cic. Phil. 10, 19: erupit deinde seditio, Liv.: multa erumpentis seditionis indicia per conscios oppressa, Tac.: ex luxuria exsistat avaritia necesse est, ex avaritia erumpat audacia, die Habsucht artet in Frechheit aus, Cic. – b) plötzlich von etwas ablenken, abschweifen, Quint. 4, 3, 17. – c) in etwas ausbrechen, plötzlich in einen Zustand übergehen, bes. in heftige Gemütsbewegungen, mit in od. ad u. Akk., ad minas, Tac.: in omne genus crudelitatis, ausbrechen, verfallen, Suet.: in iurgia patris (in Schmähungen gegen den Vater), Iustin.: in verba, Symm.: u. so dum istaec igitur apud

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me tacitus evolvo, Caecilius erumpit (bricht C. in die Worte aus) m. folg. dir. Rede, Minuc. Fel. 40 in. – d) gegen od. über jmd. ausbrechen, losbrechen, sentire potuit sermones iniquorum in suum potissimum nomen erumpere, Cic.: erumpunt saepe vitia amicorum tum in ipsos amicos tum in alienos, brechen hervor an usw., Cic.: erupturas in rem publicam coniurationes inultas pati, Quint. – c) ausbrechen, zum Ausbruch kommen, ans Licht kommen, offenbar werden, cum illa coniuratio ex latebris atque ex tenebris erupisset, Cic.: quod (scelus) nuper eruperat, Liv.: ante triennium fere, quam Egnatianum scelus erumperet, Vell.: si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia, Cic. – f) ausbrechen, einen Ausgang gewinnen, ausschlagen, ausarten, haec quo sint eruptura, timeo, Cic.: videntur haec aliquo eruptura, Cic.: ut quorsum (dominatio) eruptura sit timeamus, Cic.: er. in omnium perniciem, Liv.: in publicam perniciem, Tac.: ad perniciem civitatis, Cic.: ad ultimum seditionis, Liv.

geminus, a, um (viell. v. geno = gigno), doppelt der Geburt nach, zugleich geboren, Zwilling, I) eig.: pueri, Verg.: proles, Verg.: fratres gemini u. bl. gemini, Cic.: geminus frater, Plaut.: frater germanus geminus, leiblicher Zwillingsbruder, Plaut.: dah. Gemini, die Zwillinge, ein Gestirn, Varro u. Plin.: Castor, Ov., od. Pollux, Hor., Kastor u. Pollux: von einem Zwillingsbruder, geminissumus, Plaut. Pers. 830. – v. Lebl., gemini, griech. δίδυμοι, die Hoden, Solin. u. Amm. – II) übtr.: A) übh. doppelt, a) doppeltgestaltet, Chiron, Zentaur, halb Mensch u. halb Pferd, Ov.: Cecrops, halb Grieche u. halb Ägypter, Ov. – b) doppelt = zweifach, zwei, nuptiae, Ter.: lumen, Cic.: portae, Verg.: Ianus, Vell.: legio, Doppellegion (= aus zwei Legionen gebildete), Inscr. – od. = beide, pes, Ov.: pedes, Ov.: acies,Verg. – B) wie Zwillinge ähnlich, gleich, geminus et simillimus nequitiā, Cic.: audacia, Cic.: quae (memoria) est gemina litteraturae quodammodo, der Zwillingsbruder der Buchstabenschrift, gleichs. eine zweite B., Cic.: illud vero geminum consiliis Catilinae et Lentuli, gleich, gemeinsam, Cic.

ob-stupefacio, fēcī, factum, ere, betäuben, erstarren machen, Passiv obstupefīo, factus sum, fierī, betäubt werden, erstarren, Partiz. Perf. = betäubt, erstarrt, gefühllos, abgestumpft, I) physisch: ut amissā mente (Besinnung) obstupefieret ac paulatim per maerorem deficiente animo concĭderet, Dict. 4, 21: subito deinde ex nimio haustu rigoris obstupefactis nervis et torpore hebetatis artubus, Val. Max. 3, 8. ext. 6: Macedo miles nimio frigore obstupefactus, Val. Max. 5, 1. ext. 1. p. 223, 7 H. – II) geistig, a) betäuben, erstarren machen, nisi metus maerorem obstupefaceret, übertäubte, Liv. 25, 38, 3: obstupefacto voluptatibus corde, das Herz durch Wollust verhärtet war, Treb. Poll. Gallien. 9, 3. – b) die Besonnenheit benehmen (entreißen), stutzig machen, bestürzt machen, in Staunen od. in Bestürzung versetzen, in Schrecken setzen, ita eum tum timidum illic obstupefecit timor, Ter.: Britannos quoque visa classis obstupefaciebat, Tac.: obstupefecit ea alacritas ducem Romanum, Tac.: in furore obstupefacies gentes, Vulg.: Gallos quoque velut obstupefactos miraculum victoriae tam repentinae tenuit, Liv.: obstupefactus et attonitus prosilit, Prud. – m. Abl. (durch, über), ipso miraculo audaciae obstupefecit hostes, Liv.: tametsi novo spectaculo obstupefacti erant, überrascht worden waren, Val. Max.: non obstupe-

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factus ac perterritus (stutzig u. scheu gemacht) meā diligentiā, Cic.: obstupefactis hominibus ipsā admiratione, Cic.: obstupefacti audaciā Romanorum, Liv.: velut numinis occursu obstupefactus, Sen.

stolidus, a, um (v. *stoleo, ein Tölpel sein, wie calidus v. caleo etc., vgl. stolo u. stultus), I) tölpelhaft, albern, töricht, dummdreist, brutal, unsinnig, a) von Perf., Enn., Plaut. u.a.: vix sensi stolidus, ich Alberner, ich Narr, Ter.: gens stolida viribus, Ps. Quint. decl.: Lentulus perincertum stolidior an vanior, Sall. hist. fr. 4, 35 (50): o vatum stolidissime, Ov. met. 13, 774: dux ipse inter stolidissimos ferocissimosque ad arma vocat, Liv. 22, 28, 9. – b) von Lebl.: fiducia, superbia, Liv.: audacia, Tac.: nullum est stolidius hoc saxum, Plaut. – II) übtr. = unwirksam, untätig, Cic. top. 59.

timor, ōris, m. (timeo), die Furcht, Befürchtung, Besorgnis, bisw. auch Furchtsamkeit, Schüchternheit (Ggstz. animus [Mut], fortitudo [Entschlossenheit], audacia, fiducia), I) eig.: a) im allg., verb. metus ac timor, feige Furcht, Cic. Verr. 4, 41: timor anxius, Verg.: caecus, Cic. u. Phaedr.: externus = vor einem auswärtigen Feinde, Liv.: maestus, Verg.: pavidus, Ov.: solitus, Ov.: vanus, Liv.: virgineus, Ov. – timore aeger, Tac.: timore vacuus, Cic.: prae timore (vor F.), Plaut.: propter timorem, aus F., Caes.: timoris causā, Caes.: hoc timore, quo timore, aus F. davor, Caes. – m. ab (vor) u. Abl., a principibus suis, Liv. 45, 26, 7. – m. de (in betreff) u. Abl., timor de illo meus, Brut. in Cic. ep.: de nobis, Brut. et Cass. in Cic. ep. – m. pro (für) u. Abl., pro me, Verg. Aen. 6, 352. – m. obj. Genet. (= vor, wegen), zB. belli Parthici, Caes.: poenae, Caes.: mortis, Ov.: externi hostis, Hirt. b.G. (vgl. unten mit Verben). – timor omnis abesto quod superest (in bezug auf das, was noch weiter zu tun ist), Verg.: postquam timor sibi cuique futurae inopiae abiit, Liv.: omnem timorem abicere, Cic.: pedibus timor addidit alas, Verg.: afficere alqm maximo od. summo timore (v. einem Umstand), Brut. et Cass. in Cic. ep. u. Cic.: auges tu mihi timorem, Caecin. in Cic. ep. (u. so verum ea non animum eius augebant, sed timorem, Cic.): colligere se ex maximo

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timore, Caes.: convertere se aliquando ad timorem, Cic.: dare alqm in timorem dolis atque mendaciis, Plaut.: hominibus perturbatis inanem religionem timoremque deicere, die bestürzten M. von ihrer abergläubischen Furcht befreien, Cic.: dempto timore, Liv.: omni timore deposito, Brut. in Cic. ep. (vgl. deposito pariter cum veste timore, Ov.): timorem si quem habetis deponite, Cic.: hunc mihi timorem eripe, Cic.: neque tanti sum animi, ut etc.... neque tanti timoris, ut etc., ich bin weder so tollkühn, daß usw.... noch so feig, daß usw., Caes.: causa haec fuit timoris, Caecin. in Cic. ep.: scis Domitio comitiorum diem timori esse, Cael. in Cic. ep.: gaudet tamen esse timori tam magno populis, so große F. einflöße, Lucan.: u. so militibus ita timori fuit, ut etc., Vopisc.: tanto apud orientales populos timori mulierem fuisse, ut etc.,Treb. Poll.: tamen in magno timore sum, Cic.: cuius rei tanto in timore fui, ut etc., Lentul. in Cic. ep.: ea (aestas) quae sequitur magno est in timore, für den nächsten (Sommer) fürchtet man desto mehr, Cic.: quo minore essent timore, damit sie desto geringere F. hätten (= zu ihrer größeren Beruhigung), Caes.: timore poenae exterreri (exterritus), Caes.: quae (res) mihi quoque facit timorem, Planc. in Cic. ep. (vgl. unten mit ne): quo sola timorem ferre modo posses? Ov.: itaque non solum spem in eo habebant maximam, sed etiam timorem, quod et obesse pluri-

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mum et prodesse poterat, Nep.: tantus eo facto timor incessit, ut etc., Caes.: magnus omnium incessit timor animos, Caes.: quia belli magni timor impendet, Cic.: timor incutitur aut ex ipsorum periculis aut ex communibus, Cic.: inicere timorem Parthis, Cic., bonis omnibus, Cic.: inicere multitudini magnum timorem, Nep.: equitatum omnibus locis iniciendi timoris causā ostentare, Caes.: hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem leniit, Verg.: suorum timorem consolatione et ratione minuebat, Auct. b. Alex.: maestum timorem mittite (laßt fahren), Verg.: tantus subito timor omnem exercitum occupavit, ut etc., Caes.: stupidi timore obmutuerunt, Cornif. rhet.: animus timore obstupuit, Ter.: omitte timorem, fürchte dich nicht, Cic.: pelle (verscheuche) timorem, Verg.: percelli (perculsus) timore, Cic.: perfundi vano timore, Liv.: perterreri (perterritus) timore, Caes.: pone (lege ab) timorem, Ov.: sic omnino animos timor praeoccupaverat, ut etc., Caes.: timor praepedit dicta linguae, Plaut.: proponi alci ad timorem, Cic.: recreare se ex magno timore, Cic., se paulum ab illo timore, Auct. b. Alex.: quem timorem Caesaris adventus sustulit, Caes. (u. so repentinae incursionis timore sublato, Caes.): timore torpeo, Plaut.: quae (nefaria Catonis promulgatio) animos a minore cura ad summum timorem traduceret, Cic.: versari in timore ruinae (wegen des Einsturzes), Cic.: summam in sollicitudi-

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nem ac timorem Parthici belli provincia cum venisset, Caes.: cum timore aut vana spe vivere, Cael. in Cic. ep.: timoris suspicionem vitare, Caes.: cum maior a Romanis metus timorem a principibus suis vicisset, Liv.: quorum gressus vinxerat (gelähmt hatte) timor, Amm. – m. folg. ne u. Konj., timor patribus incessit, ne civitatem vis aliqua externa adoriretur, Liv. 1, 17, 4: ubi timor est, ne autumnalis satio hiemis gelicidiis peruratur, Colum. 11, 3, 63: maria aspera iuro non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, ne etc., Verg. Aen. 6, 351 sqq.: quam ut (locus insignis memoriā cladis) timorem faciat, ne qua terra sit nefasta victoriae suae, Liv. 6, 28, 8. – m. folg. Infin., afflictumque fuit tantus adire timor, Ov. trist, 1, 8, 12: unde mare et terras ipsi mihi saepe videre fit timor, kommt mich F. an, Ov. met. 2, 65. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., in timore civitas fuit obsides captivosque Poenorum ea moliri, Liv. 32, 26, 16: sed vincit utilitas plerumque, cum subest ille timor eā neglectā ne dignitatem quidem posse retineri, Cic. de or. 2, 334: haud dubius timor incessit animos consilia sua emanasse, Liv. 7, 39, 4. – Plur. timores, Befürchtungen, multi et varii timores, Liv.: cui, quia privato sunt oppositi timores, dantur imperia, Cic.: molestiae, laetitiae, timores similiter omnium mentes pervagantur, Cic.: mentemque lymphatam Mareotico redegit in veros timores Caesar, Hor. (u. so oft bei Dichtern, s. Neue-Wagener For-

————

menl.³ 1, 650. – Personif., Timor (Sohn des Äther u. der Erde, Hyg. fab. praef. in. p. 2 M.). Hor. carm. 3, 1, 37: ater, Verg. Aen. 9, 719: Plur., consternati Timores, Ov. met. 12, 60. – b) die religiöse Scheu, divûm, Lucr. 5, 1221 (1223): deorum, religiöser Aberglaube (griech. δεισιδαιμονία), Hor. sat. 2, 3, 295: sacer, Sil. 3, 31: primus in orbe deos fecit timor, Stat. Theb. 3, 661. – II) meton.: a) (wie φόβος) was Furcht macht, der Schrecken, Cacus Aventinae timor atque infamia silvae, Ov.: aquilo raptae timor Orithyiae, Prop.: magnus uterque timor latronibus, Hor. (aber quin [animal] et medetur huic timori = aber es heilt auch die Furcht vor denselben [vor diesen Krankheiten], Plin. 8, 119). – b) der Gegenstand der zärtlichen Besorgnis, tot gracili ligno complexa timores, Stat. silv. 3, 2, 80. – ⇒ Archaist. Nbf. timōs, ōris, m., Naev. tr. 43; vgl. Non. 487, 6.

ăb-horrĕo, ui, ēre, 2, v. n. and a., to shrink back from a thing, to shudder at, abhor.

Lit. (syn. aversor; rare but class.); constr. with ab or absol., sometimes with the acc. (not so in Cicero; cf.

Haase ad Reisig Vorles. p. 696): retro volgus abhorret ab hac,

shrinks back from, Lucr. 1, 945; 4, 20:

omnes aspernabantur, omnes abhorrebant, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 14, 41:

quid tam abhorret hilaritudo?

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 56:

pumilos atque distortos,

Suet. Aug. 83; so id. Galb. 4; Vit. 10.

Transf., in gen.

To be averse or disinclined to a thing, not to wish it, usu. with ab:

a nuptiis,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 92:

ab re uxoriā,

id. And. 5, 1, 10;

and so often in Cic.: Caesaris a causā,

Cic. Sest. 33:

a caede,

id. ib. 63:

ab horum turpitudine, audaciā, sordibus,

id. ib. 52, 112:

a scribendo abhorret animus,

id. Att. 2, 6:

animo abhorruisse ab optimo statu civitatis,

id. Phil. 7, 2:

a ceterorum consilio,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5 al.

In a yet more general sense, to be remote from an object, i. e. to vary or differ from, to be inconsistent or not to agree with (freq. and class.):

temeritas tanta, ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

a vulgari genere orationis atque a consuetudine communis sensus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

oratio abhorrens a personā hominis gravissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 15:

ab opinione tuā,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 20: Punicum abhorrens os ab Latinorum nominum prolatione, Liv. 22, 13; so id. 29, 6; 30, 44:

a fide,

to be incredible, id. 9, 36:

a tuo scelere,

is not connected with, Cic. Cat. 1, 7 al. —Hence, like dispar, with dat.:

tam pacatae profectioni abhorrens mos,

not accordant with, Liv. 2, 14.—

To be free from:

Caelius longe ab istā suspicione abhorrere debet,

Cic. Cael. 4.—

To alter:

tantum abhorret ac mutat,

alters and changes, Cat. 22, 11.—

To be unfit:

sin plane abhorrebit et erit absurdus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85; cf.:

absurdae atque abhorrentes lacrimae,

Liv. 30, 44, 6; and:

carmen abhorrens et inconditum,

id. 27, 37, 13.

ā-mens, mentis, adj.

Lit., out of one's senses, beside one's self, senseless, mad, insane, frantic, distracted (of every kind of passionate excitement; while insanus designates one diseased in mind; and excors or vecors, one that is without mind;

among the poets a favorite word with Verg. and Ov.): inceptio est amentium, haud amantium,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 13:

homo amentissimus atque in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

Cic. Phil. 5, 13:

o vecors et amens,

id. Pis. 9:

arma amens capio,

Verg. A. 2, 314:

in dies amentior,

Suet. Aug. 65:

Ne trepides caeli divisis partibus amens,

that thou tremble not senselessly at the divided heavens, Lucr. 6, 86:

lugubris et amens,

Ov. M. 2, 334:

cursuque amens,

Verg. A. 2, 321:

adspectu amens,

id. ib. 4, 279; so id. ib. 12, 776; and with gen.:

amens animi,

id. ib. 4, 203 (cf. Rudd. II. p. 73):

dolore amens,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 92:

terrore amens,

Liv. 32, 12:

amens invidiā,

id. 8, 31:

amens metu,

id. 23, 9; 1, 48:

periculi magnitudine amens et attonitus,

Curt. 6, 9.—

Meton., foolish, stupid:

homo audacissimus atque amentissimus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7 (cf. a little before:

quod cum incredibili ejus audaciā singularis stultitia conjuncta est).—Of things: amentissimum consilium,

Cic. Att. 7, 10:

cogor amenti caeca furore,

Cat. 64, 197:

impetus amens,

Luc. 4, 279 al. — Adv. not used.

ănhēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [2. anand halo].

Pr., to move about for breath; hence, to draw the breath with great difficulty, to pant, puff, gasp, etc.:

anhelat inconstanter,

Lucr. 3, 490:

cum languida anhelant,

id. 4, 864: * Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 25: anhelans ex imis pulmonibus prae curā spiritus ducebatur, Auct. ad Her. 4, 33:

anhelans Colla fovet,

Verg. A. 10, 837; 5, 254 al.:

nullus anhelabat sub adunco vomere taurus,

Ov. F. 2, 295:

sudare atque anhelare,

Col. 2, 3, 2.— In gen., to breathe (cf. anhelitus, II.), Prud. Apoth. 919.—

Metaph., of fire:

fornacibus ignis anhelat,

roars, Verg. A. 8, 421.—Of the earth:

subter anhelat humus,

heaves, Stat. S. 1, 1, 56.—Of the foaming of the sea, Sil. 9, 286.— Trop., of poverty panting for something:

anhelans inopia,

Just. 9, 1, 6.—

Verb. act., to breathe out, to emit by breathing, breathe forth, exhale:

nolo verba exiliter exanimata exire, nolo inflata et quasi anhelata gravius,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 38: de pectore frigus anhelans Capricornus, vet. poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 44:

anhelati ignes,

Ov. F. 4, 492; so id. H. 12, 15:

rabiem anhelare,

Luc. 6, 92:

anhelatis exsurgens ictibus alnus,

the strokes of the oars made with panting, Sil. 14, 379.— Trop., to pursue, pant for, strive after something with eagerness:

Catilinam furentem audaciā, scelus anhelantem,

breathing out wickedness, Cic. Cat. 2, 1: anhelans ex imo pectore crudelitatem, Auct. ad Her. 4, 55.

II. p. 564, regard the prefix of this word as the Gr. ana; hence, pr. to draw up the breath; cf. antestor.

cŭpĭdĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. rarely -tatium, Cic. Sest. 66, 138; Sen. Ep. 5, 7), f. [cupidus], a desire, wish, longing, in a good and (more freq.) in a bad sense.

In a good sense, a longing, desire.

With gen.:

insatiabilis quaedam veri videndi,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

cognoscendi,

id. ib.:

imitandi,

id. Brut. 92, 317:

mirabilis pugnandi,

Nep. Milt. 5, 1 al.:

justi et magni triumphi,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

gloriae,

id. ib.:

mira studiorum,

Tac. Or. 2:

cibi,

appetite, Cels. 2, 3 al. —

With ad:

tanta cupiditas ad reditum,

Cic. Phil. 1, 4, 9:

tanta ad venandum,

Curt. 9, 1, 33.—

Absol.:

nimis flagrare cupiditate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

nimis confidere propter cupiditatem,

on account of warm desire, id. Off. 1, 21, 73:

de voluntate tuā, ut simul simus, vel studio potius et cupiditate non dubito,

eager longing, id. Att. 12, 26, 1; cf.: tanta erat magnificentia apud opulentiores, cupiditas apud humiliores, devotion, enthusiasm, Auct. B. G. 8, 51 fin. —

In a bad sense, a passionate desire, lust, passion, cupidity.

In gen.

With gen.:

pecuniae,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22; Quint. 7, 2, 30 al.:

praedae,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

praeceps et lubrica dominandi,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 50:

laedendi,

Quint. 5, 7, 30:

diutius exigendi mercedulas,

id. 12, 11, 14 et saep. —

Absol.:

vel libido vel cupiditas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44:

vita maxime disjuncta a cupiditate,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

caeca ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

mala,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34:

vita hominum sine cupiditate agitabatur,

Sall. C. 2, 1:

indomitas cupiditates atque effrenatas habere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; cf.:

domitas habere libidines, coërcere omnes cupiditates,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 194 et saep.:

P. Naso omni carens cupiditate (i. e. non appetens provinciam),

id. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

temeritatem cupiditatemque militum reprehendit,

immoderate love of fighting, Caes. B. G. 7, 52.—

Carnal desire, lust, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 21;

of animals,

Col. 6, 27, 4.—

Transf., the object of desire (cf. epithumia):

alicujus ex inpurissimis faucibus inhonestissimam cupiditatem eripere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19; cf. id. Scaur. 14, 45.—

In partic.

A passionate desire for money or other possessions; avarice, cupidity, covetousness:

nisi ipsos caecos redderet cupiditas et avaritia et audacia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 101;

so with avaritia,

Quint. 12, 1, 6; Suet. Dom. 9:

et contemptus pecuniae et cupiditas,

Quint. 7, 2, 30;

opp. abstinentia,

Suet. Dom. 9; 10:

cupiditas causa sceleris fuit,

Quint. 5, 12, 6 Spald.; 3, 5, 10; 5, 10, 34; Suet. Calig. 44 al.—

The passion of love:

cupiditatis ardor,

Curt. 8, 4, 27:

insana,

Val. Max. 7, 3, 10:

aliquam non cupiditate tantā diligere, ut, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 24.—

Greediness of gain in trade, usury, overreaching, fraud, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—

The lust of power, ambition (post-Aug.):

non te propria cupiditas, sed aliena utilitas principem fecit,

Plin. Pan. 7.—

An undue partiality, spirit of party:

(testes) aut sine ullo studio dicebant, aut cum dissimulatione aliquā cupiditatis,

Cic. Fl. 10, 21; 26, 64; id. Planc. 17, 43; Liv. 24, 28, 8.

dē-fendo, di, sum ( infin. pass. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.:

defendentum,

Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [arch.: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to smite; Gr. theinô; hence, also offendo, infensus, infestus, mani-festus; cf. fustis], to fend or ward off any thing hostile or injurious; to repel, avert, keep off: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: tueor, tutor, servo, conservo. propugno, protego, vindico, caveo—freq. and class.); regularly constr. with acc. alone (so in Cic. and Caes.); very rarely aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo, and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.

Aliquid (aliquem):

ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque,

Cato R. R. 141, 2: serva cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf.

bellum (opp. inferre),

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.:

ad defendendos ictus ac repellendos,

id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.:

ignis jactus et lapides,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

frigus et solem,

Cato R. R. 48, 2; cf.:

nimios solis ardores,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 53;

and frigus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 14;

also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā,

to quench, Sil. 7, 170:

qui non defendit injuriam neque propulsat,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so,

injuriam,

id. Rosc. Am. 1:

noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

imperatoris sui tribunorumque plebis injurias,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.:

vim suorum,

id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.:

vim illatam vi,

Cic. Mil. 4:

pericula,

id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56:

hunc furorem,

Verg. A. 10, 905:

dedecus manu,

Sil. 13, 99 et saep.:

crimen,

to answer, defend against an accusation, Liv. 42, 48, 2.—

With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8:

hostem a fossa,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

ignem a tectis,

Ov. R. Am. 625.—

Aliquid alicui (cf. arceo, no. II. d.):

iniuriam foribus,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20:

solstitium pecori,

Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.:

aestatem capellis,

Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11:

tela misero,

Sil. 17, 432:

dedecus morti,

id. 5, 490:

senium famae,

Stat. Th. 9, 318.—

Absol., to put a stop (to a fire), to check the flames:

nec quisquam defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium,

Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.:

urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur,

Suet. Ner. 43.—

Transf., like prohibere, with acc. of that from which any thing is warded off or averted, to defend, guard, protect, cover.

In gen. (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition), constr. with acc. alone; with acc. and ab aliquo (contra aliquid), or merely ab aliquo; and absol.

With simple acc.:

Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.:

eos,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2:

se armis,

id. B. G. 6, 34:

se manu,

id. ib. 5, 7, 8;

6, 40, 6 et saep.: castra,

id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 (with tueri):

oppidum,

id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.:

eum defendo, quem tu accusas,

Cic. Sull. 17:

aliquem apud praetores,

id. Clu. 45, 126:

aliquem de ambitu,

id. Sull. 2, 6: cf.

causam,

id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et passim:

d. ac tegere scelus,

id. Sull. 31, 86; cf.

with protegere,

id. ib. 18, 50:

justitiam,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

communem salutem,

id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.:

locum,

to preserve, maintain, id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.:

vicem modo rhetoris atque poëtae,

to sustain, Hor. S. 1, 10, 12:

actorum partes,

id. A. P. 194:

aedes Vestae vix defensa est (sc. ab incendio),

preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—

Aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo:

Aedui cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2:

se a finitimis,

id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.:

Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so,

aliquem ab injuria,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5:

se regnumque suum ab Romanorum avaritia,

Sall. J. 49, 2:

provinciam non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.:

vitam ab inimicorum audacia telisque,

Cic. Mil. 2 fin.:

libertatis causam ab regio praesidio,

Liv. 39, 24 et saep.:

teneras myrtos a frigore,

Verg. E. 7, 6:

frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu,

Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—

With ab aliquo:

quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—

Aliquem (aliquid) contra, or adversus aliquem:

me scio a te contra iniquos meos solere defendi,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

sese adversus populum Romanum defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 6, 13:

me adversus Abrupolim,

Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4:

auctoritatem contra invidiam,

Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—

Absol.:

filii qui et sentire et defendere possent,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.:

cum jam defenderet nemo,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6:

defendentibus civibus Romanis,

id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.:

quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —

In partic.

Of speech, to defend, support, maintain; to bring forward, allege in defence (so repeatedly in Cic.; elsewhere rare).

With acc.:

(Carneades) nullam umquam in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, quam non probarit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14:

me id maxime defendisse, ut, etc.,

have chiefly striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—

With acc. and inf.:

gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, numquam aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32:

ille nihil ex his sponte susceptum sed principi paruisse defendebat,

Tac. A. 13, 43:

sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat,

Gell. 10, 19; so with verb pass. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init. —

With a relative clause:

(quae turpitudines) cur non cadant in sapientem, non est facile defendere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —

In the later jurid. Lat., to claim, vindicate, or prosecute at law:

quia libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat,

Dig. 5, 3, 7:

si patris mortem defendere necesse habuerit,

i. e. legally to avenge his death, ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11.

importūnĭtas ( inp-), ātis, f. [importunus].

In gen., unsuitableness, unfitness (perh. only ante- and post - class., and very rare):

importunitatem spectate aniculae,

Ter. And. 1, 4, 4:

loci,

dangerousness, Gell. 3, 7, 5.—

In partic., of character, unmannerliness, incivility, impoliteness, rudeness, insolence (class.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): importunitas et inhumanitas omni aetate molesta est,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 7:

vide inter importunitatem tuam senatusque bonitatem quid intersit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 42:

tanta importunitas tantaque injuria Facta in nos est modo hic intus ab nostro ero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 6:

importunitas et superbia Tarquinii,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40; so,

with superbia,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

homo incredibili importunitate atque audacia,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74:

ex tuo scelere, importunitate, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3, 54, §

126: matris,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

animi,

id. ib. 61, 170: animal ex omnium [p. 907] scelerum importunitate et omnium flagitiorum impunitate concretum, id. Pis. 9, 21; id. Sull. 27, 75:

illis, quantum importunitatis habent, parum est impune male fecisse,

Sall. J. 31, 22.

importūnĭtas ( inp-), ātis, f. [importunus].

In gen., unsuitableness, unfitness (perh. only ante- and post - class., and very rare):

importunitatem spectate aniculae,

Ter. And. 1, 4, 4:

loci,

dangerousness, Gell. 3, 7, 5.—

In partic., of character, unmannerliness, incivility, impoliteness, rudeness, insolence (class.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): importunitas et inhumanitas omni aetate molesta est,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 7:

vide inter importunitatem tuam senatusque bonitatem quid intersit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 42:

tanta importunitas tantaque injuria Facta in nos est modo hic intus ab nostro ero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 6:

importunitas et superbia Tarquinii,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40; so,

with superbia,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

homo incredibili importunitate atque audacia,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74:

ex tuo scelere, importunitate, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3, 54, §

126: matris,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

animi,

id. ib. 61, 170: animal ex omnium [p. 907] scelerum importunitate et omnium flagitiorum impunitate concretum, id. Pis. 9, 21; id. Sull. 27, 75:

illis, quantum importunitatis habent, parum est impune male fecisse,

Sall. J. 31, 22.

pervĭcax, ācis, adj. [per and root vicof vinco], firm, determined; esp. in a bad sense, stubborn, obstinate, headstrong, wilful (not in Cic. or Cæs.): tu pertinaciam esse, Antiloche, hanc praedicas: Ego pervicaciam aio et eā me uti volo... Nam pervicacem dici me esse et vincere Perfacile patior: pertinacem nil moror? Att. ap. Non. 432, 32 sq. (Trag. Rel. v. 8 Rib.); cf.:

adversus peritos pervicax,

Tac. H. 1, 26; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 17:

musa,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 70:

accusatio,

Tac. A. 13, 33; 3, 33:

pervicacissimi Latinorum,

Flor. 1, 11, 11:

pervicacioris irae fuit,

Curt. 8, 6, 1:

homines pervicaci audaciā, pertinaci spe,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin. —

Of things, steady, unmoved:

contra flatus pervicax libra,

Plin. 16, 36, 65, § 161.—

Transf., in a good sense, steadfast, firm:

recti pervicax, constans adversus metus,

Tac. H. 4, 5.—Hence, adv.: pervĭ-cācĭter, stoutly, stiffly, stubbornly, obstinately:

pervicaciter perstare,

Dig. 26, 10, 3. — Comp.:

pervicacius causam belli quaerere,

Liv. 42, 14; Tac. A. 4, 42; 13, 54 fin.

stŏlĭdus, a, um, adj. [root star-; Gr. stereos, firm; cf. stultus; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 155 sq.].

Unmovable; and hence, slow, coarse, uncultivated, rude (class.; cf.: fatuus, insipiens, stupidus, stultus, insulsus).—

Lit.: stolidum genus Aeacidarum Bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 187 Vahl.):

nam vi depugnare sues stolidi soliti sunt,

id. ib. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 109 id.).—

Dull, senseless, slow of mind, obtuse, stupid, stolid:

mī stolido,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 123:

stulti, stolidi, fatui, fungi, bardi, blenni, buccones,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 2:

quid, stolide, clamas?

id. Aul. 3, 2, 1; id. Ep. 3, 3, 40; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 19:

vix tandem sensi stolidus,

Ter. And. 3, 1, 12: indocti stolidique, * Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 184: Lentulus perincertum stolidior an vanior, Sall. ap. Gell. 18, 4, 4 (H. 4, 35 Dietsch):

dux ipse inter stolidissimos,

Liv. 22, 28, 9:

o vatum stolidissime, falleris,

Ov. M. 13, 774.—Of the Stoics, Lucr. 1, 641; 1, 1068.—

Transf., of things:

nihil est stultius neque stolidius,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 162; cf.:

nullum est hoc stolidius saxum,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 33:

aures (Midae),

Ov. M. 11, 175; cf.

barba (Jovis),

Pers. 2, 28:

vires,

Liv. 28, 21, 10: hujus generis causarum alia sunt quieta, nihil agentia, stolida quodammodo, i. e, inert, inoperative, * Cic. Top. 15, 59:

stolida impudensque postulatio,

Liv. 21, 20:

fiducia,

id. 34, 46, 8:

superbia,

id. 45, 3:

audacia,

Tac. H. 4, 15:

procacitas,

Mart. 1, 42, 19.—Hence, adv.: stŏlĭdē, stupidly, stolidly.

Lit.:

id non promissum magis stolide quam stolide creditum,

Liv. 25, 19; 7, 5:

laetus,

id. 7, 10; 27, 17; cf. Tac. A. 1, 3; Just. 2, 3:

stolide castra subgressus,

Sall. H. 4, 67 Dietsch.— Comp., Amm. 19, 5, 2.—

Transf., of things:

stolide tument pulmonea (mala),

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 52.

tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 ( perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:

tuĕris,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

tuimur,

Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449;

6, 934: tuamur,

id. 4, 361:

tuantur,

id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.);

alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly,

To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:

e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,

Lucr. 4, 312:

ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,

id. 4, 434:

caeli templa,

id. 6, 1228 al.:

tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713:

talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,

id. ib. 4, 362:

transversa tuentibus hircis,

id. E. 3, 8:

acerba tuens,

looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794:

torva,

id. ib. 6, 467.—

With object-clause:

quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,

Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—

Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:

curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140:

omnia,

id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65:

concordiam,

id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1:

dignitatem,

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,

id. Brut. 20, 80:

personam in re publicā,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1:

tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,

to keep in good order, id. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum,

id. Ep. 6, 29, 10:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60:

se, vitam corpusque tueri,

to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest,

id. Deiot. 8, 22:

se ac suos tueri,

Liv. 5, 4, 5:

sex legiones (re suā),

Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45:

armentum paleis,

Col. 6, 3, 3:

se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere,

to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.:

tuemini castra et defendite diligenter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 94:

suos fines,

id. B. G. 4, 8:

portus,

id. ib. 5, 8:

oppidum unius legionis praesidio,

id. B. C. 2, 23:

oram maritimam,

id. ib. 3, 34:

impedimenta,

to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.:

fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis,

Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:

domum a furibus,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra:

quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:

liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus:

tueri se adversus Romanos,

Liv. 25, 11, 7:

nostra adversus vim atque injuriam,

id. 7, 31, 3:

adversus Philippum tueri Athenas,

id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6:

arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri,

Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.:

Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur,

Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus):

Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

Sall. J. 74, 3.

Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:

censores vectigalia tuento,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS,

Inscr. Orell. 4788.—

tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:

majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361:

consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi,

Dig. 27, 10, 7:

voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur,

ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear).

Lit.

Absol.:

nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta... contra tuam cupiditatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.:

me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368:

tutus bos rura perambulat,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 17:

quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset?

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

mare tutum praestare,

id. Fl. 13, 31:

sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 54:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 5:

via fugae,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.:

commodior ac tutior receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

perfugium,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8:

tutum iter et patens,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 7:

tutissima custodia,

Liv. 31, 23, 9:

praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum,

Lucr. 5, 874:

vitam consistere tutam,

id. 6, 11:

tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25:

tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā!

id. S. 1, 2, 47:

non est tua tuta voluntas,

not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53:

in audaces non est audacia tuta,

id. ib. 10, 544:

externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus,

Curt. 6, 7, 1:

vel tutioris audentiae est,

Quint. 12, prooem. §

4: cogitatio tutior,

id. 10, 7, 19:

fuit brevitas illa tutissima,

id. 10, 1, 39:

regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni,

i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).— Poet., with gen.:

(pars ratium) tuta fugae,

Luc. 9, 346.—

With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:

ab insidiis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 117:

a periculo,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

ab hoste,

Ov. H. 11, 44:

ab hospite,

id. M. 1, 144:

a conjuge,

id. ib. 8, 316:

a ferro,

id. ib. 13, 498:

a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,

Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—

With ad and acc.:

turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 39:

ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,

Liv. 25, 38, 14:

testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,

id. 36, 32, 6.—

With adversus:

adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,

Cels. 5, 23, 3:

quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,

Curt. 7, 9, 2:

loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,

Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1:

per quem tutior adversus casus steti,

Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2:

quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,

Just. 10, 1, 7.—

With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—

Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:

si dicere palam parum tutum est,

Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33:

o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,

Prop. 1, 15, 42:

tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48:

nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,

id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—

As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:

tuta et parvula laudo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42:

trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,

Ov. M. 10, 714:

in tuto ut collocetur,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11:

esse in tuto,

id. ib. 4, 3, 30:

ut sitis in tuto,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7:

in tutum receptus est,

Liv. 2, 19, 6.—

Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;

syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,

Hor. A. P. 28:

tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,

id. ib. 266:

non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36:

id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

Liv. 22, 38, 13:

celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,

id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.

Form tute (very rare):

crede huic tute,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102:

eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,

Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9:

tute cauteque agere,

id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—

Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):

pervenire,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179:

dimicare,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

tuto et libere decernere,

id. B. C. 1, 2:

ut tuto sim,

in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3:

ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —

Comp.:

ut in vadis consisterent tutius,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

tutius et facilius receptus daretur,

id. B. C. 2, 30:

tutius ac facilius id tractatur,

Quint. 5, 5, 1:

usitatis tutius utimur,

id. 1, 5, 71:

ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem,

Sall. J. 14, 11.—

Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—

Form tutissimo:

quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.:

tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.

tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 ( perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:

tuĕris,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

tuimur,

Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449;

6, 934: tuamur,

id. 4, 361:

tuantur,

id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.);

alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly,

To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:

e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,

Lucr. 4, 312:

ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,

id. 4, 434:

caeli templa,

id. 6, 1228 al.:

tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713:

talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,

id. ib. 4, 362:

transversa tuentibus hircis,

id. E. 3, 8:

acerba tuens,

looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794:

torva,

id. ib. 6, 467.—

With object-clause:

quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,

Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—

Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:

curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140:

omnia,

id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65:

concordiam,

id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1:

dignitatem,

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,

id. Brut. 20, 80:

personam in re publicā,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1:

tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,

to keep in good order, id. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum,

id. Ep. 6, 29, 10:

libertatem,

Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60:

se, vitam corpusque tueri,

to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest,

id. Deiot. 8, 22:

se ac suos tueri,

Liv. 5, 4, 5:

sex legiones (re suā),

Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45:

armentum paleis,

Col. 6, 3, 3:

se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere,

to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.:

tuemini castra et defendite diligenter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 94:

suos fines,

id. B. G. 4, 8:

portus,

id. ib. 5, 8:

oppidum unius legionis praesidio,

id. B. C. 2, 23:

oram maritimam,

id. ib. 3, 34:

impedimenta,

to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.:

fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis,

Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:

domum a furibus,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra:

quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:

liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus:

tueri se adversus Romanos,

Liv. 25, 11, 7:

nostra adversus vim atque injuriam,

id. 7, 31, 3:

adversus Philippum tueri Athenas,

id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6:

arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri,

Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.:

Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur,

Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus):

Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

Sall. J. 74, 3.

Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:

censores vectigalia tuento,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS,

Inscr. Orell. 4788.—

tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:

majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361:

consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi,

Dig. 27, 10, 7:

voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur,

ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear).

Lit.

Absol.:

nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta... contra tuam cupiditatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.:

me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368:

tutus bos rura perambulat,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 17:

quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset?

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

mare tutum praestare,

id. Fl. 13, 31:

sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 54:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 5:

via fugae,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.:

commodior ac tutior receptus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

perfugium,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8:

tutum iter et patens,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 7:

tutissima custodia,

Liv. 31, 23, 9:

praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum,

Lucr. 5, 874:

vitam consistere tutam,

id. 6, 11:

tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25:

tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā!

id. S. 1, 2, 47:

non est tua tuta voluntas,

not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53:

in audaces non est audacia tuta,

id. ib. 10, 544:

externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus,

Curt. 6, 7, 1:

vel tutioris audentiae est,

Quint. 12, prooem. §

4: cogitatio tutior,

id. 10, 7, 19:

fuit brevitas illa tutissima,

id. 10, 1, 39:

regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni,

i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).— Poet., with gen.:

(pars ratium) tuta fugae,

Luc. 9, 346.—

With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:

ab insidiis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 117:

a periculo,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

ab hoste,

Ov. H. 11, 44:

ab hospite,

id. M. 1, 144:

a conjuge,

id. ib. 8, 316:

a ferro,

id. ib. 13, 498:

a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,

Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—

With ad and acc.:

turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 39:

ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,

Liv. 25, 38, 14:

testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,

id. 36, 32, 6.—

With adversus:

adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,

Cels. 5, 23, 3:

quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,

Curt. 7, 9, 2:

loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,

Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1:

per quem tutior adversus casus steti,

Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2:

quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,

Just. 10, 1, 7.—

With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—

Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:

si dicere palam parum tutum est,

Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33:

o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,

Prop. 1, 15, 42:

tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48:

nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,

id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—

As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:

tuta et parvula laudo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42:

trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,

Ov. M. 10, 714:

in tuto ut collocetur,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11:

esse in tuto,

id. ib. 4, 3, 30:

ut sitis in tuto,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7:

in tutum receptus est,

Liv. 2, 19, 6.—

Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;

syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,

Hor. A. P. 28:

tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,

id. ib. 266:

non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36:

id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

Liv. 22, 38, 13:

celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,

id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.

Form tute (very rare):

crede huic tute,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102:

eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,

Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9:

tute cauteque agere,

id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—

Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):

pervenire,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179:

dimicare,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

tuto et libere decernere,

id. B. C. 1, 2:

ut tuto sim,

in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3:

ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —

Comp.:

ut in vadis consisterent tutius,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

tutius et facilius receptus daretur,

id. B. C. 2, 30:

tutius ac facilius id tractatur,

Quint. 5, 5, 1:

usitatis tutius utimur,

id. 1, 5, 71:

ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem,

Sall. J. 14, 11.—

Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—

Form tutissimo:

quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.:

tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.

urbānus, a, um, adj. [urbs], of or belonging to the city or town, city-, town- (opp. rusticus; cf.: urbicus, oppidanus).

Lit.

Adj.:

nostri majores non sine causā praeponebant rusticos Romanos urbanis,

Varr. R. R. 2, praef. §

1: rustica et urbana vita,

id. ib. 3, 1, 1:

vita (opp. rustica),

Quint. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 17:

urbani assidui cives, quos scurras vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165:

scurra,

id. Most. 1, 1, 14:

leges,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 85:

tribus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

praetor,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20:

plebes,

Sall. C. 37, 4:

servitia,

id. ib. 24, 4:

exercitus,

Liv. 27, 3, 9:

administratio rei publicae (opp. provincialis),

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

res,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 13; Caes. B. G. 7, 6:

motus,

id. ib. 7, 1:

luxus,

Tac. A. 2, 44: praedia, land and houses, all land covered by buildings (v. praedium), Dig. 50, 16, 198; 8, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8, tit. 2:

fundus,

Cato, R. R. 8, 2:

rus,

Just. 31, 2:

cohortes,

Dig. 25, 1, 8, § 9.—

Subst.: urbā-nus, i, m., an inhabitant of a city, a city man, citizen:

urbani fiunt rustici,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 15 sq.:

omnes urbani, rustici,

Cic. Fin. 2, 23, 77:

sermo omnis non modo urbanorum, sed etiam rusticorum,

id. Or. 24, 81:

otiosi,

Liv. 5, 20, 6:

obrepere urbanis,

Plin. Ep. 9, 20, 2.—

Esp., devoted to the city, fond of city life:

diligere secessum, quem tu nimis urbanus es, nisi concupiscis,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 29.—

Transf., in the city fashion, in the city style, citizenlike, both in a good and a bad sense.

In a good sense.

Polished, refined, cultivated, courteous, affable, urbane (syn.:

comis, humanus): hominem non solum sapientem, verum etiam, ut nunc loquimur urbanum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 34 sq.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17.—

Transf., of plants, improved, cultivated, ornamental: sunt arborum quaedam urbaniores, quas his placet nominibus distinguere. Hae mites, quae fructu atque aliqua dote umbrarumve officio humaniusjuvant, non improbe dicantur urbanae. Plin. 16, 19, 32, § 78:

acanthi topiariae et urbanae herbae,

id. 22, 22, 34, § 76.—

Of speech.

In gen., refined, polished, elegant. nice, choice:

in vocibus nostrorum oratorum recinit quiddam et resonat urbanius,

Cic. Brut. 46, 171:

genus dicendi,

Quint. 2, 8, 4:

os facile, explanatum, jucundum, urbanum, id est, in quo nulla neque rusticitas neque peregrinitas resonet,

id. 11, 3, 30:

distinctior et urbanior et altior Cicero,

Tac. Or. 18.—

In [p. 1935] partic., of wit, witty, humorous, facetious: urbanus homo erit, cujus multa bene dicta responsaque erunt: et qui in sermonibus, circulis, conviviis, item in contionibus, omni denique loco ridicule commodeque dicet, Domit. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 105:

dictum per se urbanum,

id. 6, 3, 54:

circumfertur Marcii Philippi velut urbanissimum factum atque dictum,

Col. 8, 16, 3:

qui est in isto genere urbanissimus,

Cic. Cael. 15, 36:

Romani veteres atque urbani sales,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

homines lauti et urbani,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17:

hic tibi comis et urbanus liberque videtur,

witty, clever, Hor. S. 1, 4, 90:

urbanus coepit haberi,

id. Ep. 1, 15, 27:

in senatu dicax et urbanus et bellus,

Plin. Ep. 4, 25, 3:

urbanos qui illa censuerunt dicam an miseros? Dicerem urbanos, si senatum deceret urbanitas,

id. ib. 8, 6, 3.—

In a bad sense, bold, forward, impudent:

frontis ad urbanae descendi praemia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 11:

audacia,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 8.— Adv.: urbānē (acc. to II. A.).

Courteously, civilly, affably, politely, urbanely:

severe et graviter et prisce agere, an remisse ac leniter et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

urbanius agere,

id. ib. 15, 36: urbanissime et prudentissime adjuvit, Treb. Gallien. 14.—More freq.,

Of speech, wittily, acutely, elegantly, happily:

aliquem facete et urbane ridere,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 39:

bene et urbane dicere,

Quint. 6, 3, 42; 5, 7, 26; 6, 1, 46 al.:

interrogare,

id. 11, 3, 126:

emendare,

id. 8, 3, 54:

urbanius elabi,

id. 2, 11, 2:

urbanissime respondere,

Gell. 15, 5, 3.

vānĭtas, ātis, f. [vanus].

Lit., emptiness, nothingness, nullity, want of reality: nulla in caelo nec fortuna, nec temeritas, nec erratio, nec vanitas inest;

contra omnis ordo, veritas, ratio, constantia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 56:

ne vanitas itineris ludibrio esset,

uselessness, purposelessness, Liv. 40, 22, 5:

Romanis Gallici tumultus adsueti, etiam vanitates notae sunt,

id. 38, 17, 5 Weissenb. —

Esp., falsity, falsehood, deception, untruth, untrustworthiness, fickleness, etc.

Absol.:

non pudet Vanitatis?

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41:

imbuimur erroribus, ut vanitati veritas cedat,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

mercatura... multa undique apportans, multisque sine vanitate impertiens, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 42, 151:

nec vero quicquam turpius est vanitate,

id. ib. 1, 42, 150:

quamvis blanda ista vanitas apud eos valeat, etc.,

id. Lael. 26, 99:

cum ad vanitatem accessit auctoritas,

id. ib. 25, 94.— Plur.:

Magicae vanitates,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 18; cf. id. 27, 8, 35, § 57.—

With gen.:

quid de iis existimandum est, qui orationis vanitatem adhibuerunt?

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58:

opinionum vanitas,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

suum imperium minui per vanitatem populi,

fickleness, Liv. 44, 22, 10:

multa circa hoc non Magorum solum vanitate, sed etiam Pythagoricorum,

Plin. 22, 8, 9, § 20 Jan.—

Trop., vanity, vainglory:

huic homini non minor vanitas inerat quam audacia,

Sall. C. 23, 2; id. J. 38, 1:

qui se propalam per vanitatem jactassent tamquam amicos Persei,

Liv. 45, 31, 7:

vanitas atque jactatio,

Quint. 11, 2, 22:

vanitas atque insolentia,

Suet. Vit. 10:

Quintius Atticus consul umbrā honoris et suāmet vanilate monstratus,

Tac. H. 3, 73:

nec Agricola prosperitate rerum in vanitatem usus, etc.,

id. Agr. 18 fin.:

Statius veniam... vanitate exitūs corrupit,

id. A. 15, 71.