alicujus+consilia+c

dis-cŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, 3, v. a. [quatio], to strike asunder, dash to pieces, shatter, etc.

In gen.: dentes, Lucil. ap. Non. 455, 18:

deum delubra,

Lucr. 6, 418; cf.:

columna rostrata tota ad imum fulmine discussa est,

Liv. 42, 20:

ne saxa ex catapultis lateritium discuterent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.:

aliquantum muri tribus arietibus,

Liv. 21, 12: rostro (navis) discusso, shattered, Auct. B. Alex. 46, 2; cf.:

tempora cava ictu,

Ov. M. 2, 625:

ora saxo,

id. ib. 4, 519:

percussam aquam,

Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118:

nubes,

Ov. M. 15, 70:

discussae jubae capiti,

Verg. A. 9, 810 et saep.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., to scatter, disperse ( = digerere), Cels. 2, 17; 3, 15; Scrib. Comp. 43; Plin. 30, 15, 47, § 135 et saep. —

Pregn., to break up, scatter, disperse, dissipate.

Lit. (rarely):

illos coetus,

Liv. 2, 28; cf.:

Boeoticum consilium,

id. 42, 44:

sole orto est discussa (caligo),

id. 29, 27:

caligo,

Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5; cf.

umbras (sol),

Verg. G. 3, 357; id. A. 12, 669:

discussa nox,

Luc. 5, 700.—Rarely with pers. objects:

Cato discutit Etruscos, Gabinius Marsos, etc.,

routs, subdues, Flor. 3, 18, 13; cf.:

hostiles turmae discussae,

Amm. 25, 1.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop.:

terrorem animi tenebrasque,

to disperse, dispel, Lucr. 1, 148; 2, 61 al.; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 57:

quod rem totam discusseram,

had frustrated, brought to naught, id. Q. Fr. 2, 12;

so freq.: rem,

Liv. 34, 56; 39, 10; Suet. Dom. 2 al.:

discutere et comprimere periculum consilio,

Cic. Mur. 39, 84; so,

periculum,

Liv. 2, 52; Front. Strat. 2, 11, 4:

captiones (shortly before: dissolvere interrogationes),

Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 46: omnem ejus cunctationem, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 2:

disceptationem,

Liv. 38, 13:

crimen alicujus,

Quint. 4, 2, 18:

famam,

Tac. H. 2, 9:

fidem,

Luc. 1, 119:

consilia hostium,

Front. Strat. 4, 7, 31:

seditionem,

id. ib. 1, 9, 2; Vell. 2, 81:

bellum (with sepelire),

id. 2, 75:

nefas,

Flor. 3, 18, 9 et saep. —Hence, * discussē, adv., only comp., minutely, accurately:

explorare discussius,

Mart. Cap. 9, § 891.

, to separate mentally, distinguish, as in disputare, discernere, etc.), which prevails in the post-class. derivatives: discussio, discussor, and discusse; as also in the Romance: discutere, discussare, discussione; discuter, discussion, etc., there appear to be no examples in the literary language.

dis-sĭmĭlis, e, adj., unlike, dissimilar, different (as the opp. of similis and consimilis, v. 3. dis, II.; cf.: dispar, impar, absimilis; very freq. and class.).—Constr. with the gen., dat., with atque, et, inter se, or absol. (for this variety in the construction, cf. esp. Cic. Brut. 81 fin. to 83 med.).

With gen.:

(P. Crassus) dum Cyri et Alexandri similis esse voluit, et L. Crassi et multorum Crassorum inventus est dissimillimus,

Cic. Brut. 81 fin.. alicujus dissimilis in tribunatu reliquaque omni vita, id. ib. 34, 129; so,

Scetani,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 112:

artificium hoc ceterorum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

offensio odii,

id. ib. 2, 51 fin.:

cives tui,

id. Fam. 10, 6, 3; cf.

sui,

id. Phil. 2, 24, 59; id. de Or. 3, 7, 26; id. Brut. 93, 320; Ov. M. 11, 273 al.; cf. also under

.—

With dat.:

nihil tam dissimile quam Cotta Sulpicio,

Cic. Brut. 56:

quis homini,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

illa contentio huic judicio,

id. Sull. 17, 49:

hoc superiori,

id. Fin. 4, 6, 15:

proximo,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

tam fortibus ausis,

Verg. A. 9, 282:

hoc illi,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 49.—

With atque or et, Lucr. 1, 504; cf.: aut quiescendum, quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium aut Antium;

aut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 2, 3, 3; and:

haec consilia non sunt dissimilia, ac si quis aegro, etc.,

Liv. 5, 5 fin.:

dissimilis est militum causa et tua,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 59; id. Planc. 28, 68; id. Brut. 82, 285.—

With inter se:

dissimiles longe inter se variosque colores,

Lucr. 2, 783; 2, 720; Cic. de Or. 3, 7, 25 sq.; id. Brut. 82 fin. sq.; Quint. 9, 4, 17 al.; cf.:

cum inter vos in dicendo dissimillimi sitis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 29;

and in a twofold construction: qui sunt et inter se dissimiles et aliorum,

id. Brut. 83, 287.—

Absol.:

dissimillimi motus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

voces,

id. ib. 2, 42:

eos, qui nascuntur eodem tempore, posse in dissimiles incidere naturas propter caeli dissimilitudinem,

id. Div. 2, 44 fin. et saep.:

hac in re multum dissimiles,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3:

quid sit in quoque dissimile,

Quint. 5, 13, 23:

pro dissimillimo,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 9 al. —

With in and acc.: aetate et forma, haud dissimili in dominum erat, to his master, i. e. so as to pass for his master, Tac. A. 2, 39.—

With ab:

dissimilis valde ab omnibus,

Vulg. Dan. 7, 19.—Hence, dissĭmĭlĭter, adv., differently, in a different manner (rarely):

efficere voluptates,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 10; Sall. J. 89, 6; Gell. 18, 12, 3 al.—With dat.:

haud dissimiliter navibus sine gubernaculo vagis,

Liv. 27, 48, 11.

dis-sĭmĭlis, e, adj., unlike, dissimilar, different (as the opp. of similis and consimilis, v. 3. dis, II.; cf.: dispar, impar, absimilis; very freq. and class.).—Constr. with the gen., dat., with atque, et, inter se, or absol. (for this variety in the construction, cf. esp. Cic. Brut. 81 fin. to 83 med.).

With gen.:

(P. Crassus) dum Cyri et Alexandri similis esse voluit, et L. Crassi et multorum Crassorum inventus est dissimillimus,

Cic. Brut. 81 fin.. alicujus dissimilis in tribunatu reliquaque omni vita, id. ib. 34, 129; so,

Scetani,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 112:

artificium hoc ceterorum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

offensio odii,

id. ib. 2, 51 fin.:

cives tui,

id. Fam. 10, 6, 3; cf.

sui,

id. Phil. 2, 24, 59; id. de Or. 3, 7, 26; id. Brut. 93, 320; Ov. M. 11, 273 al.; cf. also under

.—

With dat.:

nihil tam dissimile quam Cotta Sulpicio,

Cic. Brut. 56:

quis homini,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

illa contentio huic judicio,

id. Sull. 17, 49:

hoc superiori,

id. Fin. 4, 6, 15:

proximo,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

tam fortibus ausis,

Verg. A. 9, 282:

hoc illi,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 49.—

With atque or et, Lucr. 1, 504; cf.: aut quiescendum, quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium aut Antium;

aut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 2, 3, 3; and:

haec consilia non sunt dissimilia, ac si quis aegro, etc.,

Liv. 5, 5 fin.:

dissimilis est militum causa et tua,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 59; id. Planc. 28, 68; id. Brut. 82, 285.—

With inter se:

dissimiles longe inter se variosque colores,

Lucr. 2, 783; 2, 720; Cic. de Or. 3, 7, 25 sq.; id. Brut. 82 fin. sq.; Quint. 9, 4, 17 al.; cf.:

cum inter vos in dicendo dissimillimi sitis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 29;

and in a twofold construction: qui sunt et inter se dissimiles et aliorum,

id. Brut. 83, 287.—

Absol.:

dissimillimi motus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

voces,

id. ib. 2, 42:

eos, qui nascuntur eodem tempore, posse in dissimiles incidere naturas propter caeli dissimilitudinem,

id. Div. 2, 44 fin. et saep.:

hac in re multum dissimiles,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3:

quid sit in quoque dissimile,

Quint. 5, 13, 23:

pro dissimillimo,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 9 al. —

With in and acc.: aetate et forma, haud dissimili in dominum erat, to his master, i. e. so as to pass for his master, Tac. A. 2, 39.—

With ab:

dissimilis valde ab omnibus,

Vulg. Dan. 7, 19.—Hence, dissĭmĭlĭter, adv., differently, in a different manner (rarely):

efficere voluptates,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 10; Sall. J. 89, 6; Gell. 18, 12, 3 al.—With dat.:

haud dissimiliter navibus sine gubernaculo vagis,

Liv. 27, 48, 11.

dī-verto ( vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. n., to turn or go different ways, to part, separate, turn aside (in the verb. finit. rare; not in the class. per.).

Lit.

To turn out of the way; hence, of travellers, to stop, lodge, sojourn:

qui divertebat in proximo,

Amm. 14, 7, 15:

in cenaculum,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 4, 11:

ad hominem peccatorem,

to visit, id. Luc. 19, 7 al. —

Of a married woman, to leave her husband:

(uxor) sive diverterit, sive nupta est adhuc,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 30; cf.

so of divorce: si uxor a legato diverterit,

ib. 5, 1, 42:

nullis matrimoniis divertentibus,

Gell. 4, 3. V. also divortium.—

Trop., to deviate from each other, to differ:

divortunt mores virgini longe ac lupae,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 22.—Hence, dīversus ( - vorsus), a, um, P. a., turned different ways.

Set over against each other, opposite, contrary (freq. and class.; cf.: adversus, contrarius).

Lit.:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28:

fenestrae,

opposite each other, Prop. 1, 3, 31; cf.

ripa,

Sil. 1, 264 Drak.:

iter a proposito diversum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 1; cf.:

diverso ab ea regione itinere,

id. ib. 3, 41, 4:

diversis ab flumine regionibus,

id. B. G. 6, 25, 3:

diversam aciem constituit,

id. B. C. 1, 40, 5:

duo cinguli maxime inter se diversi, i. e. the two polar circles,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20 (13):

diversum ad mare dejectus,

Tac. A. 2, 60; cf.:

procurrentibus in diversa terris,

id. Agr. 11:

in diversum flectere,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

binas per diversum coassationes substernere,

cross-wise, Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 186.—

Trop.

In gen., different, diverse, opposite, contrary, conflicting (cf.:

varius, differens, discrepans, multiplex): monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis cupiditatibusque conflatum,

Cic. Cael. 5 fin.; cf.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque expectatis aut speret aut timeat?

Vell. 2, 75, 2:

pessuma ac divorsa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia,

Sall. C. 5, 8; cf. Liv. 34, 4.—In the sup.:

ne illi falsi sunt, qui diversissimas res pariter exspectant, ignaviae voluptatem et praemia virtutis,

Sall. J. 85, 20:

diversa sibi ambo consilia capiunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 30, 1:

est huic diversum vitio vitium prope majus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 5; cf. Vell. 2, 80, 2:

initio reges diversi pars ingenium, alii corpus exercebant,

pursuing opposite courses, Sall. C. 2, 1:

diversi imperatoribus (sc. Scipioni et Mummio) mores, diversa fuerunt studia,

Vell. 1, 13, 3:

dividere bona diversis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 114; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 3; Vell. 2, 60 fin. et saep.—Of conflicting passions: Pentheum diripuisse aiunt Bacchas;

nugas fuisse credo, prae quo pacto ego divorsus distrahor,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 2.— Comp.:

divorsius,

Lucr. 3, 803.—

In partic. (like contrarius, II. 2.), inimically opposed, of hostile or opposite opinions, unfriendly, hostile:

certa igitur cum illo, qui a te totus diversus est,

Cic. Ac. 2, 32:

regio ab se diversa,

Liv. 32, 38:

diversos iterum conjungere amantes,

Prop. 1, 10, 15:

acies,

Tac. A. 13, 57; 14, 30:

factio,

Suet. Caes. 20; id. Tib. 3 fin.; cf.

partes,

id. Caes. 1:

diversae partis advocatus,

opposite, id. Gramm. 4:

diversi ordiuntur, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 10:

subsellia,

of the opponents, Quint. 11, 3, 133; cf. Tac. Or. 34:

minuere invidiam aut in diversum eam transferre,

Quint. 11, 1, 64:

defectio Tarentinorum utrum priore anno an hoc facta sit, in diversum auctores trahunt,

are not agreed, Liv. 25, 11 fin.; cf.:

nullo in diversum auctore,

Tac. A. 12, 69:

consistentis ex diverso patroni,

on the opposite side, Quint. 4, 1, 42:

ex diverso,

id. 5, 11, 43; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 4, 16 et saep.;

also: e diverso,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9; Just. 30, 4, 6; the latter in Sueton, and the elder Pliny, i. q. contra, on the contrary:

sunt qui putent, etc.... Alii e diverso, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 86; cf. id. Aug. 27; id. Dom. 9; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; 5, 9, 10, § 56 al.; cf. Sillig. ad Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 35; Gai. Inst. 2, 16.

In different directions, apart, separate (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

Lit.: dispennite hominem divorsum et distennite, spread out in opposite directions, i. e. his limbs, Plaut. Mil. 5, 14:

diversae state,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 14; cf.:

diversi pugnabant,

separately, Caes. B. C. 1, 58, 4; so,

jam antea diversi audistis,

Sall. C. 20, 5; and:

sive juncti unum premant, sive id diversi gerant bellum,

Liv. 10, 25:

diversi dissipatique in omnes partes fugere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24, 4; cf.:

ex diversa fuga in unum collecti,

Liv. 42, 8:

age diversos et disice corpora ponto,

Verg. A. 1, 70:

diversi consules discedunt,

Liv. 10, 33, 10; 22, 56; Nep. Dat. 11, 3 al.; cf.:

quo diversus abis?

away, Verg. A. 5, 166; 11, 855:

qui (portus) cum diversos inter se aditus habeant, in exitu conjunguntur et confluunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 fin.; cf. id. Agr. 2, 32, 87; Liv. 40, 22:

in locis disjunctissimis maximeque diversis,

very widely separated, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 4; so,

loca,

id. ib. 16; Caes. B. G. 2, 22, 1 et saep.—Cf. in the sup.:

diversissimis locis subeundo ad moenia,

Liv. 4, 22:

itinera,

Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 2:

proelium,

fought in different places, Hirt. B. G. 8, 19, 2 et saep.: sunt ea innumerabilia, quae a diversis emebantur, by various people, individuals (as an indefinite term for persons), Cic. Phil. 2, 37. — Poet., i. q. remotus, remote, far-distant:

Aesar,

i. e. flowing in another, remote country, Ov. M. 15, 23; cf. Verg. A. 3, 4; 11, 261; 12, 621;

708: diverso terrarum distineri,

distance apart, remoteness, Tac. A. 3, 59.—

Trop.

Different, unlike, dissimilar:

varia et diversa genera et bellorum et hostium,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10 fin.; cf.:

variae et diversae et diffusae disputationes,

id. de Or. 3, 16, 61; 1, 61 fin.:

diversa ac dissimilis pars,

id. Inv. 1, 23, 33; cf.:

diversa studia in dissimili ratione,

id. Cat. 2, 5:

flumina diversa locis,

Verg. G. 4, 367; so Ov. M. 1, 40:

oris habitu simili aut diverso,

Quint. 9, 3, 34 al.:

ut par ingenio, ita morum diversus,

Tac. A. 14, 19:

a proposita ratione diversum,

Cic. Brut. 90; cf.:

ab his longe diversae litterae,

Sall. C. 34 fin.; Quint. 4, 1, 9; cf. also id. 2, 10, 7:

huic diversa sententia eorum fuit,

id. 3, 6, 32. —Cf. so with dat., Quint. 2, 3, 10; 3, 10, 3 et saep.—With gen.:

diversa omnium, quae umquam accidere, civilium armorum facies,

Tac. A. 1, 49:

diversa in hac ac supradicta alite quaedam,

Plin. 10, 12, 15, § 32:

eruca diversae est, quam lactuca, naturae,

id. 19, 8, 44, § 154.—

Divided, fluctuating, hesitating, inconsistent:

metu ac libidine divorsus agebatur,

Sall. J. 25, 6:

qui diversus animi modo numen pavescere, modo, etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 84:

diversi fremat inconstantia vulgi,

Tib. 4, 1, 45.— Adv.: dī-verse or dīvorse (acc. to II.), different ways, hither and thither; in different directions (very rarely): corpora prostrata diverse jacebant, scattered, Auct. B. Afr. 40 fin.; so,

pauci paulo divorsius conciderant,

Sall. C. 61, 3:

multifariam diverseque tendere,

Suet. Galb. 19.—

Trop. of the mind:

curae meum animum divorse trahunt,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 25:

ab eodem de eadem re diverse dicitur,

differently, Cic. Inv. 1, 50:

diversissime adfici,

very variously, Suet. Tib. 66:

uti verbo ab alicujus sententia diverse,

in a different meaning, Gell. 6, 17, 9.

dī-verto ( vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. n., to turn or go different ways, to part, separate, turn aside (in the verb. finit. rare; not in the class. per.).

Lit.

To turn out of the way; hence, of travellers, to stop, lodge, sojourn:

qui divertebat in proximo,

Amm. 14, 7, 15:

in cenaculum,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 4, 11:

ad hominem peccatorem,

to visit, id. Luc. 19, 7 al. —

Of a married woman, to leave her husband:

(uxor) sive diverterit, sive nupta est adhuc,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 30; cf.

so of divorce: si uxor a legato diverterit,

ib. 5, 1, 42:

nullis matrimoniis divertentibus,

Gell. 4, 3. V. also divortium.—

Trop., to deviate from each other, to differ:

divortunt mores virgini longe ac lupae,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 22.—Hence, dīversus ( - vorsus), a, um, P. a., turned different ways.

Set over against each other, opposite, contrary (freq. and class.; cf.: adversus, contrarius).

Lit.:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28:

fenestrae,

opposite each other, Prop. 1, 3, 31; cf.

ripa,

Sil. 1, 264 Drak.:

iter a proposito diversum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 1; cf.:

diverso ab ea regione itinere,

id. ib. 3, 41, 4:

diversis ab flumine regionibus,

id. B. G. 6, 25, 3:

diversam aciem constituit,

id. B. C. 1, 40, 5:

duo cinguli maxime inter se diversi, i. e. the two polar circles,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20 (13):

diversum ad mare dejectus,

Tac. A. 2, 60; cf.:

procurrentibus in diversa terris,

id. Agr. 11:

in diversum flectere,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

binas per diversum coassationes substernere,

cross-wise, Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 186.—

Trop.

In gen., different, diverse, opposite, contrary, conflicting (cf.:

varius, differens, discrepans, multiplex): monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis cupiditatibusque conflatum,

Cic. Cael. 5 fin.; cf.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque expectatis aut speret aut timeat?

Vell. 2, 75, 2:

pessuma ac divorsa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia,

Sall. C. 5, 8; cf. Liv. 34, 4.—In the sup.:

ne illi falsi sunt, qui diversissimas res pariter exspectant, ignaviae voluptatem et praemia virtutis,

Sall. J. 85, 20:

diversa sibi ambo consilia capiunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 30, 1:

est huic diversum vitio vitium prope majus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 5; cf. Vell. 2, 80, 2:

initio reges diversi pars ingenium, alii corpus exercebant,

pursuing opposite courses, Sall. C. 2, 1:

diversi imperatoribus (sc. Scipioni et Mummio) mores, diversa fuerunt studia,

Vell. 1, 13, 3:

dividere bona diversis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 114; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 3; Vell. 2, 60 fin. et saep.—Of conflicting passions: Pentheum diripuisse aiunt Bacchas;

nugas fuisse credo, prae quo pacto ego divorsus distrahor,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 2.— Comp.:

divorsius,

Lucr. 3, 803.—

In partic. (like contrarius, II. 2.), inimically opposed, of hostile or opposite opinions, unfriendly, hostile:

certa igitur cum illo, qui a te totus diversus est,

Cic. Ac. 2, 32:

regio ab se diversa,

Liv. 32, 38:

diversos iterum conjungere amantes,

Prop. 1, 10, 15:

acies,

Tac. A. 13, 57; 14, 30:

factio,

Suet. Caes. 20; id. Tib. 3 fin.; cf.

partes,

id. Caes. 1:

diversae partis advocatus,

opposite, id. Gramm. 4:

diversi ordiuntur, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 10:

subsellia,

of the opponents, Quint. 11, 3, 133; cf. Tac. Or. 34:

minuere invidiam aut in diversum eam transferre,

Quint. 11, 1, 64:

defectio Tarentinorum utrum priore anno an hoc facta sit, in diversum auctores trahunt,

are not agreed, Liv. 25, 11 fin.; cf.:

nullo in diversum auctore,

Tac. A. 12, 69:

consistentis ex diverso patroni,

on the opposite side, Quint. 4, 1, 42:

ex diverso,

id. 5, 11, 43; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 4, 16 et saep.;

also: e diverso,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9; Just. 30, 4, 6; the latter in Sueton, and the elder Pliny, i. q. contra, on the contrary:

sunt qui putent, etc.... Alii e diverso, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 86; cf. id. Aug. 27; id. Dom. 9; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; 5, 9, 10, § 56 al.; cf. Sillig. ad Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 35; Gai. Inst. 2, 16.

In different directions, apart, separate (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

Lit.: dispennite hominem divorsum et distennite, spread out in opposite directions, i. e. his limbs, Plaut. Mil. 5, 14:

diversae state,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 14; cf.:

diversi pugnabant,

separately, Caes. B. C. 1, 58, 4; so,

jam antea diversi audistis,

Sall. C. 20, 5; and:

sive juncti unum premant, sive id diversi gerant bellum,

Liv. 10, 25:

diversi dissipatique in omnes partes fugere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24, 4; cf.:

ex diversa fuga in unum collecti,

Liv. 42, 8:

age diversos et disice corpora ponto,

Verg. A. 1, 70:

diversi consules discedunt,

Liv. 10, 33, 10; 22, 56; Nep. Dat. 11, 3 al.; cf.:

quo diversus abis?

away, Verg. A. 5, 166; 11, 855:

qui (portus) cum diversos inter se aditus habeant, in exitu conjunguntur et confluunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 fin.; cf. id. Agr. 2, 32, 87; Liv. 40, 22:

in locis disjunctissimis maximeque diversis,

very widely separated, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 4; so,

loca,

id. ib. 16; Caes. B. G. 2, 22, 1 et saep.—Cf. in the sup.:

diversissimis locis subeundo ad moenia,

Liv. 4, 22:

itinera,

Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 2:

proelium,

fought in different places, Hirt. B. G. 8, 19, 2 et saep.: sunt ea innumerabilia, quae a diversis emebantur, by various people, individuals (as an indefinite term for persons), Cic. Phil. 2, 37. — Poet., i. q. remotus, remote, far-distant:

Aesar,

i. e. flowing in another, remote country, Ov. M. 15, 23; cf. Verg. A. 3, 4; 11, 261; 12, 621;

708: diverso terrarum distineri,

distance apart, remoteness, Tac. A. 3, 59.—

Trop.

Different, unlike, dissimilar:

varia et diversa genera et bellorum et hostium,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10 fin.; cf.:

variae et diversae et diffusae disputationes,

id. de Or. 3, 16, 61; 1, 61 fin.:

diversa ac dissimilis pars,

id. Inv. 1, 23, 33; cf.:

diversa studia in dissimili ratione,

id. Cat. 2, 5:

flumina diversa locis,

Verg. G. 4, 367; so Ov. M. 1, 40:

oris habitu simili aut diverso,

Quint. 9, 3, 34 al.:

ut par ingenio, ita morum diversus,

Tac. A. 14, 19:

a proposita ratione diversum,

Cic. Brut. 90; cf.:

ab his longe diversae litterae,

Sall. C. 34 fin.; Quint. 4, 1, 9; cf. also id. 2, 10, 7:

huic diversa sententia eorum fuit,

id. 3, 6, 32. —Cf. so with dat., Quint. 2, 3, 10; 3, 10, 3 et saep.—With gen.:

diversa omnium, quae umquam accidere, civilium armorum facies,

Tac. A. 1, 49:

diversa in hac ac supradicta alite quaedam,

Plin. 10, 12, 15, § 32:

eruca diversae est, quam lactuca, naturae,

id. 19, 8, 44, § 154.—

Divided, fluctuating, hesitating, inconsistent:

metu ac libidine divorsus agebatur,

Sall. J. 25, 6:

qui diversus animi modo numen pavescere, modo, etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 84:

diversi fremat inconstantia vulgi,

Tib. 4, 1, 45.— Adv.: dī-verse or dīvorse (acc. to II.), different ways, hither and thither; in different directions (very rarely): corpora prostrata diverse jacebant, scattered, Auct. B. Afr. 40 fin.; so,

pauci paulo divorsius conciderant,

Sall. C. 61, 3:

multifariam diverseque tendere,

Suet. Galb. 19.—

Trop. of the mind:

curae meum animum divorse trahunt,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 25:

ab eodem de eadem re diverse dicitur,

differently, Cic. Inv. 1, 50:

diversissime adfici,

very variously, Suet. Tib. 66:

uti verbo ab alicujus sententia diverse,

in a different meaning, Gell. 6, 17, 9.

ef-fĕro or ecfĕro (cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 766), extŭli, ēlatum, efferre or ecferre, v. a., to bring or carry out, to bring forth (very freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

ex navi,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 82; cf.

tela, etc., ex aedibus Cethegi,

Cic. Cat. 3, 3 fin.:

argentum jubeo jam intus efferri foras,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 62; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 127; id. Most. 2, 1, 58; id. Mil. 4, 8, 4:

argentum ad aliquem,

id. Epid. 5, 1, 27; id. Truc. 3, 1, 16:

machaeram huc,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 53; cf. id. Stich. 2, 2, 28:

puerum extra aedes usquam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48:

cistellam domo,

id. Eun. 4, 6, 15; cf.:

cibaria sibi quemque domo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 3:

frumentum ab Ilerda,

id. B. C. 1, 78, 1:

piscem de custodia,

Col. 8, 17 fin.:

litteras,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 4:

mucronem,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

vexilla, signa, arma (e castris, extra fines, etc.),

Liv. 10, 19; 27, 2; 29, 21; Tac. H. 3, 31 al.:

ferrum a latere deripuit, elatumque deferebat in pectus,

id. A. 1, 35 fin.: Colchis pedem, Enn. ap. Non. 297, 20; so,

pedem,

Verg. A. 2, 657; cf.

pedem aedibus,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

pedem portā,

Cic. Att. 6, 8, 5; 7, 2, 6; Suet. Tib. 38:

pedem quoquam,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 97:

se hinc (ignis),

Lucr. 6, 89 and 385:

se vallo (equus),

Tac. A. 15, 7:

Furium longius extulit cursus,

Liv. 3, 5; cf.:

Messium impetus per hostes extulit,

id. 4, 29.—

In partic.

Like the Gr. ekpherô, to carry out (of the house) for burial, to bear to the grave, to bury (cf.: cremo, humo, sepelio, prosequor): optumum'st Loces illum efferendum;

nam jam credo mortuus est,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 32; id. Most. 4, 3, 8 sqq.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 90 Don. and Ruhnk.; 1, 1, 101; Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 80; Nep. Att. 17; Liv. 2, 33; 3, 18 fin.; Quint. 8, 5, 21; Suet. Aug. 99; Hor. S. 2, 5, 85; Vulg. Luc. 7, 12.—

Transf.: meo unius funere elata populi Romani esset res publica, carried to burial, i. e. overthrown, destroyed, Liv. 28, 28; 24, 22; 31, 29.—

Of a fruit-bearing soil, to bring forth, bear, produce:

id, quod agri efferant,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4 fin.; id. Brut. 4, 16; cf. also id. Verr. 2, 3, 47 fin.; 86 al.—

Transf.:

ea, quae efferant aliquid ex sese, perfectiores habere naturas quam, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33 fin.; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 109; poet.:

(Italia) genus acre virum,

Verg. G. 2, 169.—

Of motion in an upward direction (cf.: erigo and educo, II. B. 1.), to lift up, elevate, raise, exalt, Lucil. ap. Non. 297, 25:

aliquem in murum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47 fin.:

pars operis in altitudinem turris elata,

id. B. C. 2, 8 fin.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 103; and Suet. Calig. 32:

corvus e conspectu elatus,

Liv. 7, 26:

pulvis elatus,

id. 4, 33:

elata super capita scuta,

Tac. H. 3, 27: jubar (luna), Petron. Poët. 89, 2, 54; poet.:

caput Auctumnus agris extulit,

Hor. Epod. 2, 18.

Trop.

To set forth, spread abroad, utter, publish, proclaim:

clamorem,

to raise, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73:

quod neque in vulgum disciplinam efferri velint, neque, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 14, 4; cf. Plin. 2, 12, 9:

vocem ejus in vulgus,

Tac. A. 12, 21:

tuum peccatum foras,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 65 Ruhnk.:

hoc foras,

Cic. Phil. 10, 3; so,

clandestina consilia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 6:

rem,

id. ib. 7, 2, 2:

has meas ineptias,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

divinitus dicta,

id. ib. 3, 1 fin. et saep.—With a rel. clause:

posteaquam in volgus militum elatum est, qua arrogantia in colloquio Ariovistus usus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 4.—

In partic., of speech, to utter, pronounce, express, declare:

verbum de verbo expressum extulit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 11:

ut verba inter se ra tione conjuncta sententiam efferant,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 1 Müll.:

si graves sententiae inconditis verbis efferuntur,

Cic. Or. 44, 150; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 13:

quae incisim aut membratim efferuntur, ea, etc.,

Cic. Or. 67; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 33; 8, 3, 40; 10, 2, 17: pleraque utroque modo efferuntur, luxuriatur, luxuriat, etc., id. 9, 3, 7; cf. id. 1, 5, 16; 64; 2, 14, 2.—

In the pass., qs. to be carried out of one's self by passions, feelings, etc.; to be carried away, transported, hurried away: usque adeo studio atque odio illius efferor ira, Lucil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 21 fin.; so,

studio,

Cic. de Sen. 23, 83; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 2; cf.

cupiditate,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

vi naturae atque ingenii,

id. Mur. 31, 65:

laetitia,

id. Deiot. 9, 26 (cf. act.:

comitia ista praeclara, quae me laetitia extulerunt,

id. Fam. 2, 10):

incredibili gaudio,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 2; cf. id. Rep. 3, 30; Suet. Caes. 22:

voluptate canendi ac saltandi,

id. Calig. 54:

popularitate,

id. Ner. 53.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To raise, elevate, exalt:

pretia alicujus rei,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6 fin.:

quorum animi altius se extulerunt,

Cic. Rep. 3, 3:

aliquem ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28; cf.:

aliquem supra leges,

Tac. A. 2, 34; and:

aliquem geminatis consulatibus,

id. ib. 1, 3; cf. also id. ib. 4, 40:

aliquem pecunia aut honore,

Sall. J. 49, 4:

patriam demersam extuli,

Cic. Sull. 31, 87; cf. Nep. Dion. 6; Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

aliquem maximis laudibus,

id. Off. 2, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

aliquem summis laudibus ad caelum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14; cf. Nep. Dion. 7 fin.:

aliquid maximis laudibus,

Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

aliquem laudibus,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

aliquem verbis,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:

aliquid versibus,

id. Rep. 1, 14;

and simply aliquid,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 63:

aliquem in summum odium,

id. H. 4, 42; cf.:

rem in summam invidiam,

Quint. 8, 4, 19.—

In partic., with se, to raise, elevate one's self; to rise, advance (cf.:

appareo, eluceo, exsisto): cum (virtus) se extulit et ostendit suum lumen,

Cic. Lael. 27; cf.

so with a figure borrowed from the heavenly bodies: qua in urbe (Athenis) primum se orator extulit,

id. Brut. 7, 26:

volo se efferat in adolescente fecunditas,

id. de Or. 2, 21.—

In a bad sense, with se, or in the [p. 629] pass., to lift up one's self, to carry one's self high; to be puffed up, haughty, proud on account of any thing (the figure being borrowed from a prancing horse; cf. Liv. 30, 20; and Quint. 10, 3, 10):

nec cohibendo efferentem se fortunam, quanto altius elatus erat, eo foedius corruit (Atilius),

Liv. 30, 30:

quod aut cupias ardenter aut adeptus ecferas te insolenter,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:

qui enim victoria se ecferunt, quasi victos nos intuentur,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 2; cf.:

se altius et incivilius,

Flor. 1, 26, 8:

sese audacia, scelere atque superbia,

Sall. J. 14, 11:

hic me magnifice effero,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 31:

(fortunati) efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54:

se efferre in potestate,

to be insolent in office, id. de Or. 2, 84, 342.—Esp. freq. in the part. perf.:

stulta ac barbara arrogantia elati,

Caes. B. C. 3, 59, 3:

recenti victoria,

id. B. G. 5, 47, 4:

spe celeris victoriae,

id. ib. 7, 47, 3:

gloria,

id. B. C. 3, 79, 6:

elatus et inflatus his rebus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

secunda fortuna magnisque opibus,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 3; id. Milt. 7, 2:

elatus ad vanam fiduciam,

Curt. 3, 19, 10;

but also: ad justam fiduciam,

Liv. 27, 8, 7 et saep.—In the act. (rare, and with a fig. perh. borrowed from the wind): is demum vir erit, cujus animum nec prospera (fortuna) flatu suo efferet ( elates, inflates), nec adversa infringet, Liv. 45, 8 fin. —

Ante-class. and very rare, to carry out to the end, to support, endure: laborem, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 48; cf.: malum patiendo, to get rid of, do away with, Cic. Poët. Tusc. 4, 29, 63 (but not in Lucr. 1, 141, where the better reading is sufferre).—Hence, ēlā-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 3. and II. C. 2.), exalted, lofty, high (rare; cf.: superbus, insolens, arrogans, etc.).

Lit.:

modo in elatiora modo in depressiora clivi,

Col. 2, 4, 10:

elatissimae lucernae,

Tert. Apol. 53.—

Trop.:

animus magnus elatusque,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

verba,

high-sounding, id. Or. 36, 124;

hoc casu elatior Julianus,

Amm. 21, 4, 7; Vulg. Rom. 1, 30:

insula opibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2. — Adv.: ēlāte, loftily, proudly:

elate et ample loqui, opp. humiliter demisseque sentire,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 9:

dicere (opp. summisse),

id. Opt. Gen. 4, 10.— Comp.:

se gerere,

Nep. Paus. 2, 3:

elatius et arrogantius praefatur,

Gell. 9, 15, 4.

ef-fĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [ex-ferus], to make wild, savage, fierce (class.; most freq. since the Aug. per.).

Physically:

terram immanitate beluarum efferari,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:

speciem oris,

Liv. 2, 23; cf.

vultum,

Suet. Calig. 50:

efferantia sese ulcera,

becoming aggravated, malignant, Plin. 26, 14, 87, § 146.— Poet.:

Mars efferat aurum,

i. e. works up into weapons, Stat. Achill. 1, 425; cf.:

homo qui magnae artis subtilitate tantum efferavit argentum,

i. e. wrought into the figures of beasts, App. M. 5, p. 159, 14.—

Mentally:

gentes sic immanitate efferatae,

Cic. N. D. 1, 23; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

militem dux ipse efferavit,

Liv. 23, 5; cf. id. 2, 29:

animos,

id. 1, 19; 25, 26:

ingenia,

Curt. 8, 2; 9, 19:

efferavit ea caedes Thebanos omnes ad exsecrabile odium Romanorum,

exasperated, Liv. 33, 29; cf. Vulg. Dan. 8, 7.—Hence, effĕrātus, a, um, P. a., wild, savage, fierce:

sunt enim multa ecferata et immania, quaedam autem humanitatis quoque habent primam speciem,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

vultus,

Petr. 82, 1:

animi,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 5, 11.— Comp.:

mores ritusque,

Liv. 34, 24.— Sup.:

effectus,

Sen. Ep. 121, 4:

canes in homines,

Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. M. 3, 18.— Adv.: effĕrāte, fiercely:

saevire,

Lact. 5, 20, 10.

ex-quīro (in Plautus also exquaero, Bacch. 4, 4, 70 al.), sīvi, sītum, 3, v. a., to search out diligently, to seek for; to make inquiry, to inquire, to ask (syn.: requiro, inquiro, investigo, perscrutor;

freq. and class.): cum ex te causas divinationis exquirerem,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 46:

a te nihildum certi exquiro,

id. Att. 7, 12, 4; cf.: sed haec non nimis exquiro a Graecis, to ask [p. 700] of, expect from, id. ib. 7, 18, 3:

ancillas dedo, quolibet cruciatu exquire,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 7:

exquisiturum se vel fidiculis de Caesonia sua, cur, etc.,

that he would search out even by the rack, Suet. Calig. 33:

idem ego dicam, si me exquiret miles,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

secum et cum aliis, quid in eo peccatum sit, exquirunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 147:

omissis auctoritatibus ipsa re ac ratione exquirere veritatem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

sententias,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3, 1:

locum,

Verg. G. 2, 266:

sceleratum frigus,

to find out, id. ib. 2, 256:

verum,

to search into, investigate, Cic. Div. 2, 12, 28; id. Off. 1, 36, 132:

facta alicujus ad antiquae religionis rationem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; cf.:

verba exquisita ad sonum,

id. Or. 49, 163:

rationes agitare et exquirere,

id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

itinere exquisito per Divitiacum,

having ascertained the route, Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4 et saep.:

exquire de Blesamio, numquid ad regem contra dignitatem tuam scripserit,

inquire respecting Blesamius, Cic. Deiot. 15, 42; cf.:

de Varrone tam diligenter,

id. Att. 13, 22, 1:

eis senatus arbitratur singularis exquirendos honores,

to devise, invent, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5.— Pass. impers.:

istuc mihi exquisitum est, fuisse hunc, etc.,

I am accurately informed, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 105:

mi istuc primum exquisito est opus,

I must first inquire respecting this, id. Am. 2, 2, 159; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 81;

A. and S. Gr. § 243, R. 1: consilia exquirentes,

Cic. Fat. 1.—Hence, ex-quīsītus, a, um, P. a., carefully sought out, ripely considered, choice, excellent, exquisite:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250:

reconditae exquisitaeque sententiae,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

exquisitum judicium litterarum,

id. Off. 1, 37, 133:

exquisitis rationibus confirmare,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

summis ingeniis exquisitaque doctrina philosophi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

ars,

id. de Or. 2, 41, 175:

supplicia,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

magistri,

id. Brut. 27, 104:

munditia non odiosa neque exquisita nimis,

too exquisite, id. Off. 1, 36, 130:

nihil elegans, nihil exquisitum,

id. Pis. 27, 67:

epulae,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 119. — Comp.:

accuratius et exquisitius dicendi genus,

id. Brut. 82, 283:

verba,

Quint. 11, 1, 33.— Sup.:

laudantur exquisitissimis verbis legiones,

Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6:

ad exquisitissimam consuetudinem Graecorum aliquem erudire,

id. Rep. 2, 21:

scientia exquisitissimae subtilitatis,

Plin. 6, 33, 39, § 211.—

Sought out, ascertained, made certain:

satin istuc mihi exquisitumst?

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 105.—Hence, adv.: exquīsīte, carefully, accurately, particularly, excellently, exquisitely:

cum de eo crimine accurate et exquisite disputavisset,

Cic. Brut. 80, 277:

eleganter atque exquisite dicere aliquid,

Quint. 8, 2, 21.— Comp., Cic. Brut. 93, 322; id. Tusc. 1, 48, 116; Quint. 12, 10, 75.— Sup., Tiro Tull. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 7; Gell. 13, 7, 6.

ex-quīro (in Plautus also exquaero, Bacch. 4, 4, 70 al.), sīvi, sītum, 3, v. a., to search out diligently, to seek for; to make inquiry, to inquire, to ask (syn.: requiro, inquiro, investigo, perscrutor;

freq. and class.): cum ex te causas divinationis exquirerem,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 46:

a te nihildum certi exquiro,

id. Att. 7, 12, 4; cf.: sed haec non nimis exquiro a Graecis, to ask [p. 700] of, expect from, id. ib. 7, 18, 3:

ancillas dedo, quolibet cruciatu exquire,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 7:

exquisiturum se vel fidiculis de Caesonia sua, cur, etc.,

that he would search out even by the rack, Suet. Calig. 33:

idem ego dicam, si me exquiret miles,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

secum et cum aliis, quid in eo peccatum sit, exquirunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 147:

omissis auctoritatibus ipsa re ac ratione exquirere veritatem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

sententias,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3, 1:

locum,

Verg. G. 2, 266:

sceleratum frigus,

to find out, id. ib. 2, 256:

verum,

to search into, investigate, Cic. Div. 2, 12, 28; id. Off. 1, 36, 132:

facta alicujus ad antiquae religionis rationem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; cf.:

verba exquisita ad sonum,

id. Or. 49, 163:

rationes agitare et exquirere,

id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

itinere exquisito per Divitiacum,

having ascertained the route, Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4 et saep.:

exquire de Blesamio, numquid ad regem contra dignitatem tuam scripserit,

inquire respecting Blesamius, Cic. Deiot. 15, 42; cf.:

de Varrone tam diligenter,

id. Att. 13, 22, 1:

eis senatus arbitratur singularis exquirendos honores,

to devise, invent, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5.— Pass. impers.:

istuc mihi exquisitum est, fuisse hunc, etc.,

I am accurately informed, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 105:

mi istuc primum exquisito est opus,

I must first inquire respecting this, id. Am. 2, 2, 159; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 81;

A. and S. Gr. § 243, R. 1: consilia exquirentes,

Cic. Fat. 1.—Hence, ex-quīsītus, a, um, P. a., carefully sought out, ripely considered, choice, excellent, exquisite:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250:

reconditae exquisitaeque sententiae,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

exquisitum judicium litterarum,

id. Off. 1, 37, 133:

exquisitis rationibus confirmare,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

summis ingeniis exquisitaque doctrina philosophi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

ars,

id. de Or. 2, 41, 175:

supplicia,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

magistri,

id. Brut. 27, 104:

munditia non odiosa neque exquisita nimis,

too exquisite, id. Off. 1, 36, 130:

nihil elegans, nihil exquisitum,

id. Pis. 27, 67:

epulae,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 119. — Comp.:

accuratius et exquisitius dicendi genus,

id. Brut. 82, 283:

verba,

Quint. 11, 1, 33.— Sup.:

laudantur exquisitissimis verbis legiones,

Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6:

ad exquisitissimam consuetudinem Graecorum aliquem erudire,

id. Rep. 2, 21:

scientia exquisitissimae subtilitatis,

Plin. 6, 33, 39, § 211.—

Sought out, ascertained, made certain:

satin istuc mihi exquisitumst?

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 105.—Hence, adv.: exquīsīte, carefully, accurately, particularly, excellently, exquisitely:

cum de eo crimine accurate et exquisite disputavisset,

Cic. Brut. 80, 277:

eleganter atque exquisite dicere aliquid,

Quint. 8, 2, 21.— Comp., Cic. Brut. 93, 322; id. Tusc. 1, 48, 116; Quint. 12, 10, 75.— Sup., Tiro Tull. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 7; Gell. 13, 7, 6.

hăbĕo, ui, itum, 2 (archaic perf. subj. habessit, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; inf. haberier, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 111), v. a. and n. [etym. dub.; cf. Gr. kôpê, handle; Lat. capio; Germ. haben, Haft; Engl. have], to have, in the widest sense of the word, to hold, keep, possess, cherish, entertain, occupy, enclose, contain (cf.: teneo, possideo, etc.).

In gen.

Of personal subjects.

With persons or things as objects: SI INTESTATO MORITVR, CVI SVVS HERES NEC SIT, AGNATVS PROXIMVS FAMILIAM HABETO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Ulp. Fragm. 26, 1: ex tui animi sententia tu uxorem habes? Cato ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 260; cf.:

aliquam habere in matrimonio, Cic. Scaur. § 8: ipsum ex Helvetiis uxorem habere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18, 6:

si et prudentes homines et non veteres reges habere voluerunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.:

quae cum patrem clarissimum, amplissimos patruos, ornatissimum fratrem haberet,

id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147:

cum ille haberet filium delicatiorem,

id. de Or. 2, 64, 257:

quod non ingenuous habeat clarosque parentes,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 91:

habebat saepe ducentos, saepe decem servos,

id. ib. 1, 3, 11:

fundum habere, Cic. Tull. § 14: cur pecuniam non habeat mulier?

id. Rep. 3, 10:

tantas divitias habet,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 99; so,

aurum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 35; and:

vectigalia magna Divitiasque,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 101:

tantum opum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 48:

classes,

id. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

naves,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 104:

denique sit finis quaerendi, cumque habeas plus, Pauperiem metuas minus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 92:

tacitus pasci si posset corvus, haberet Plus dapis,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 50:

Dionysii equus quid attulit admirationis, quod habuit apes in juba?

Cic. Div. 2, 31, 67: faenum habet in cornu;

longe fuge,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 34:

leges in monumentis habere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14:

hostis habet muros,

Verg. A. 2, 290:

hostis habet portus,

Val. Fl. 3, 45 al.:

quam vellem Panaetium nostrum nobiscum haberemus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10:

Ciceronem secum,

id. Att. 4, 9, 2; cf.:

ea legione, quam secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 1:

secum senatorem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77; cf.

also: magnum numerum equitatus circum se,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18, 5:

haec si habeat aurum, quod illi renumeret, faciat lubens,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12; cf.:

quid non habuisti quod dares? Habuisse se dicet, Cic. Scaur. § 19: quod non desit, habentem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 52:

qui in foro turbaque, quicum colloqui libeat, non habeant,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17.—

With abstr. objects: quid illos, bono genere gnatos, opinanimi animi habuisse atque habituros dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

quod uno et eodem temporis puncto nati dissimiles et naturas et vitas et casus habent,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95:

febrim,

id. Fam. 7, 26, 1:

instrumenta animi,

id. Rep. 3, 3:

nec vero habere virtutem satis est, quasi artem aliquam, nisi utare,

id. ib. 1, 2:

in populos perpetuam potestatem,

id. ib. 2, 27; cf.:

in populum vitae necisque potestatem,

id. ib. 3, 14; so,

potestatem,

id. ib. 2, 29; 32;

36: eo plus auctoritatis,

id. ib. 3, 16:

ornamenta dicendi,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.:

summam prudentiam summamque vim dicendi,

id. ib. 1, 20, 89:

Q. Lucilius Balbus tantos progressus habebat in Stoicis, ut, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 15:

neque quem usum belli haberent aut quibus institutis uterentur, reperiri poterat,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20 fin.:

nonnullam invidiam ex eo, quod, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 283: nimiam spem, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:

spem in fide alicujus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; cf.:

tantum spei ad vivendum,

id. Att. 15, 20, 2; id. N. D. 3, 6, 14; cf.

also: summam spem de aliquo,

id. Lael. 3, 11:

odium in equestrem ordinem,

id. Clu. 55, 151:

metum,

Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 6: consolationem [p. 834] semper in ore atque in animo, Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 56 Mull.:

rogavi, ut diceret, quid haberet in animo,

Cic. Att. 8, 10:

neque modum neque modestiam victores habere,

observe no bounds, Sall. C. 11, 4;

v. modus: haec habebam fere, quae te scire vellem,

Cic. Att. 1, 6; cf.:

haec habui de amicitia quae dicerem,

this is what I had to say, id. Lael. 27 fin.: fidem, gratiam, honorem, rationem; v. these nouns.—In a play on the word lumen: Arge, jaces; quodque in tot lumina lumen habebas Exstinctum est, the light for so many lights ( eyes), Ov. M. 1, 720.—

With inf. (analog. to the Gr. echô), to have something to do, be able to do something:

habeo etiam dicere quem contra morem majorum dejecerit, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 100:

de re publica nihil habeo ad te scribere,

id. Att. 2, 22, 6.—So with inf. or with the part. fut. pass. (ante-class. and post-Aug.), to have or be obliged to do something, I must do something:

rogas, ut id mihi habeam curare,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 2:

filius hominis, quod carne indui haberet in terra,

Lact. 4, 12, 15:

habemus humiliare eum in signo,

id. 4, 18, 22:

quod plurimae haereses haberent existere,

id. 4, 30, 2:

etiam Filius Dei mori habuit,

Tert. Hab. Mul. 1:

si inimicos jubemur diligere, quem habemus odisse?

id. Apol. 37:

de spatiis ordinum eatenus praecipiendum habemus, ut intelligant agricolae, etc.,

Col. 5, 5, 3:

praesertim cum enitendum haberemus, ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 12:

si nunc primum statuendum haberemus,

Tac. A. 14, 44:

cum respondendum haberent,

id. Or. 36.—

Of inanim. or abstr. subjects:

prima classis LXXXVIII. centurias habeat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22:

locus ille nihil habet religionis,

id. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

humani animi eam partem, quae sensum habeat,

id. Div. 1, 32, 70:

animus incorruptus agit atque habet cuncta, neque ipse habetur,

Sall. J. 2, 3:

divinus animus mortale nihil habuit, Cic. Scaur. § 50: habet statum res publica de tribus secundarium,

id. Rep. 1, 42; cf.:

nullum est genus illarum rerum publicarum, quod non habeat iter ad finitimum quoddam malum,

id. ib. 1, 28:

ipsa aequabilitas est iniqua, cum habeat nullos gradus dignitatis,

id. ib. 1, 27:

nulla alia in civitate...ullum domicilium libertas habet,

id. ib. 1, 31:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. ib. 1, 4; cf.:

viri excellentis ancipites variique casus habent admirationem,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

habet etiam amoenitas ipsa illecebras multas cupiditatum,

id. Rep. 2, 4:

quid habet illius carminis simile haec oratio?

id. ib. 1, 36:

magnam habet vim disciplina verecundiae,

id. ib. 4, 6 et saep.:

quomodo habere dicimur febrem, cum illa nos habeat,

Sen. Ep. 119 med.; cf.:

animalia somnus habebat,

Verg. A. 3, 147; Ov. M. 7, 329:

me somno gravatum Infelix habuit thalamus,

Verg. A. 6, 521; cf.:

non me impia namque Tartara habent,

id. ib. 5, 734:

habentque Tartara Panthoiden,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 9:

qui (metus) major absentes habet,

id. Epod. 1, 18; Sen. Const. Sap. 7:

et habet mortalia casus,

Luc. 2, 13:

terror habet vates,

Stat. Th. 3, 549.

In partic.

Pregn., to have or possess property (mostly absol.):

miserum istuc verbum et pessumum'st, habuisse et nihil habere,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 34; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10: qui habet, ultro appetitur: qui est pauper, aspernatur, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.:

habet idem in nummis, habet idem in urbanis praediis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 199; so,

in nummis,

id. Att. 8, 10:

in Salentinis aut in Brutiis,

i. e. to have possessions, id. Rosc. Am. 46, 132; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 18, § 45: nos quod simus, quod habeamus, etc., Curius ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 29, 1:

et belli rabies et amor successit habendi,

Verg. A. 8, 327; cf.:

amore senescit habendi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 85; Phaedr. 3 prol. 21; Juv. 14, 207: quid habentibus auri nunquam exstincta sitis? Sil. 5, 264; so, habentes = hoi echontes, the wealthy, Lact. 5, 8, 7. —

With an object - or relative-clause, to have the means, ability, or knowledge, i. e. to be in a condition, to be able, to know how to do or say any thing.

With an objectclause:

de Alexandrina re tantum habeo polliceri, me tibi cumulate satisfacturum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 3:

de re publica nihil habeo ad te scribere,

id. Att. 2, 22, 6:

haec fere dicere habui de natura deorum,

this is the substance of what I had to say, id. N. D. 3, 39, 93; cf.:

quid habes igitur dicere de Gaditano foedere?

id. Balb. 14, 33:

habeo etiam dicere, quem de ponte in Tiberim dejecerit,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 100:

illud affirmare pro certo habeo, etc.,

Liv. 44, 22, 4:

sic placet, an melius quis habet suadere?

Hor. Epod. 16, 23.—

With a relat.-clause (usually with a negative: non habeo, quid faciam;

or: nihil habeo, quod faciam, dicam, etc.): de quibus habeo ipse, quid sentiam: non habeo autem, quid tibi assentiar,

Cic. N. D. 3, 25, 64:

de pueris quid agam, non habeo,

id. Att. 7, 19:

usque eo quid arguas non habes,

id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45:

quid huic responderet, non habebat,

id. Mur. 12, 26:

nec quid faceret habebat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

qui, quo se reciperent, non haberent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 38, 2:

nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam,

Cic. Att. 7, 19:

nil habeo, quod agam,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 19; and:

nihil habeo, quod cum amicitia Scipionis possim comparare,

Cic. Lael. 27, 103.—

To have in use, make use of, use (very rare, for the usual uti, opp. abuti):

anulus in digito subter tenuatur habendo,

i. e. by use, by wearing, Lucr. 1, 312; cf.:

aera nitent usu: vestis bona quaerit haberi,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 51:

quippe quas (divitias) honeste habere licebat, abuti per turpitudinem properabant,

Sall. C. 13, 2 Kritz; cf.:

magnae opes innocenter paratae et modeste habitae,

Tac. A. 4, 44.—Hence,

To hold, use, wield, handle, manage:

nec inmensa barbarorum scuta, enormis hastas, inter truncos arborum perinde haberi quam pila,

Tac. A. 2, 14.— Trop.:

quo modo rem publicam habuerint (majores), disserere,

Sall. C. 5, 9; cf.:

reipublicae partes,

Tac. A. 4, 6 init. —

To hold or keep a person or thing in any condition; to have, hold, or regard in any light:

aliquem in obsidione,

Caes. B. C. 3, 31, 3:

aliquem in liberis custodiis,

Sall. C. 47, 3; so,

aliquem in custodiis,

id. ib. 52, 14:

aliquem in vinculis,

id. ib. 51 fin.;

for which also: in custodiam habitus,

i. e. put into prison and kept there, Liv. 22, 25; Tac. H. 1, 87; cf.:

quo facilius omne Hadriaticum mare in potestatem haberet,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25 Oud. N. cr. (al. in potestate):

cum talem virum in potestatem habuisset,

Sall. J. 112 fin. Kritz N. cr.:

quae res eos in magno diuturnoque bello inter se habuit,

id. ib. 79, 3:

alios in ea fortuna haberent, ut socii esse quam cives mallent,

Liv. 26, 24:

aegros in tenebris,

Cels. 3, 18:

aquam caelestem sub dio in sole,

Col. 12, 12, 1:

in otio militem,

Liv. 39, 2, 6; cf.:

legiones habebantur per otium,

Tac. H. 1, 31:

externa sine cura habebantur,

id. A. 1, 79 init.:

exercitus sine imperio et modestia habitus,

Sall. J. 44, 1:

quos ille postea magno in honore habuit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 77, 2;

for which: quos praecipuo semper honore Caesar habuit,

id. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

habeo Junium (mensem) et Quintilem in metu,

i. e. I fear, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 14.— So with an adj. or a perf. part., to denote a lasting condition:

ita me mea forma habet sollicitum,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 95 Lorenz; id. Men. 4, 2, 12; 21:

miserrimum ego hunc habebo amasium,

id. Cas. 3, 3, 27 al.:

laetum Germanicum,

Tac. A. 2, 57; 65:

sollicitum habebat cogitatio,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1; 2, 16, 2.—Hence,

With a double object, esp. freq. with the part. perf. pass., to have, hold, or possess a person or thing in any quality or capacity, as any thing; to have, hold, or possess an action as completed, finished (a pregn. circumlocution for the perf.):

cum haberet collegam in praetura Sophoclem,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93:

an heredem habuerit eum, a quo, etc.,

id. 7, 2, 37:

istaec illum perdidit assentatio, nam absque te esset, ego illum haberem rectum ad ingenium bonum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 8:

cur ergo unus tu Apollonidenses miseriores habes quam pater tuus habuit umquam?

Cic. Fl. 29, 71:

obvium habuerunt patrem,

Quint. 7, 1, 29:

reliquas civitates stipendiarias,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 3:

quod (cognomen) habes hereditarium,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11:

quae habuit venalia,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 144; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 11, 1:

qui auro habeat soccis suppactum solum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 98:

me segregatum habuisse, uxorem ut duxit, a me Pamphilum,

have kept him away, aloof, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 25; cf.:

inclusum in curia senatum habuerunt,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8:

(Romulus) habuit plebem in clientelas principum descriptam,

id. Rep. 2, 9: satis mihi videbar habere cognitum Scaevolam ex iis rebus, quas, etc., id. Brut. 40, 147; cf.:

si nondum eum satis habes cognitum,

id. Fam. 13, 17, 3; ib. 15, 20 fin.: fidem spectatam jam et diu cognitam, id. Div. ap. Caecil. 4, 11:

decumas ad aquam deportatas,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36:

domitas habere libidines,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 194:

omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos,

id. Or. 33, 118; id. Rep. 2, 6:

innumerabilia, quae collecta habent Stoici,

id. Div. 2, 70, 145: quantum in acie tironi sit committendum, nimium saepe expertum habemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3:

quare velim ita statutum habeas, me, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1: habeo absolutum suave epos ad Caesarem, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 6:

in adversariis scriptum habere (nomen),

id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

de Caesare satis dictum habebo,

id. Phil. 5, 19, 52:

bellum habere susceptum,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 14:

quam (domum) tu iam dimensam et exaedificatam animo habebas,

id. Att. 1, 6, 1:

ut omnes labores, pericula consueta habeam,

Sall. J. 85, 7:

compertum ego habeo,

id. Cat. 58, 1; cf. Nep. Att. 17 fin.; 18, 1: neque ea res falsum ( part. perf. pass.) me habuit, Sall. J. 10, 1 al. From this use is derived the compound perf. of the Romance languages: ho veduto, j'ai vu, qs. habeo visum, I have seen).—

Also, with a double object, to make, render:

praecipit ut dent operam, uti eos quam maxime manifestos habeant,

Sall. C. 41, 5:

qui pascua publica infesta habuerant,

Liv. 39, 29, 9; 34, 36, 3:

necdum omnia edita facinora habent,

id. 39, 16, 3; 31, 42, 1:

anxium me et inquietum habet petitio Sexti,

Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 1:

sed Pompeium gratia impunitum habuit,

kept, Vell. 2, 1, 5.—

Hence:

in aliquo (aliqua re), aliquem (aliquid) habere (rare): ea si fecissem, in vestra amicitia exercitum, divitias, munimenta regni me habiturum,

Sall. J. 14, 1:

in vobis liberos, parentes, consanguineos habeo,

Curt. 6, 9, 12:

majora in eo obsequia habiturus,

Just. 8, 6, 6; cf. Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 5.—

To have or hold a person in any manner, to treat, use:

is, uti tu me hic habueris, proinde illum illic curaverit,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 64:

equitatu agmen adversariorum male habere et carpere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 63, 2; cf. Cels. 3, 20; 3, 21:

exercitum luxuriose nimisque liberaliter habere,

Sall. C. 11, 5 Kritz; cf.:

eos ille non pro vanis hostibus, ut meriti erant, sed accurate et liberaliter habuit,

id. J. 103, 5; 113, 2:

Fabiis plurimi (saucii) dati, nec alibi majore cura habiti,

Liv. 2, 47, 12; 29, 8, 6; 37, 34, 5:

video quam molliter tuos habeas,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 1:

militant vobiscum, qui superbe habiti rebellassent,

Curt. 8, 8, 11:

virgines tam sancte habuit,

id. 3, 12, 21; 4, 10, 33:

male habere aliquem,

Nep. Eum. 12, 1:

neque conjugem et filium ejus hostiliter haberi,

Tac. A. 2, 10.—

With se, and sometimes mid. or neut., to hold or keep himself or itself in a certain manner, i. e. to be constituted or situated, to find one's self, to be, in any manner.

Habere se:

Tironem Patris aegrum reliqui...et quamquam videbatur se non graviter habere, tamen sum sollicitus, etc.,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3:

praeclare te habes, cum, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149:

ipsi se hoc melius habent quam nos, quod, etc.,

id. Att. 11, 7, 4:

Bene habemus nos,

id. ib. 2, 8, 1:

ego me bene habeo,

am well, Tac. A. 14, 51: praeclare se res habeat ( is well), si, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

male se res habet, cum, quod virtute effici debet, id tentatur pecunia,

id. Off. 2, 6, 22; cf. id. de Or. 2, 77, 313:

quae cum ita se res haberet, tamen, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 124; cf.:

ita se res habet, ut ego, etc.,

id. Quint. 1, 2:

sic profecto res se habet,

id. de Or. 2, 67, 271:

scire aveo, quomodo res se habeat,

id. Att. 13, 35, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 32, 140:

ut se tota res habeat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 15; cf.:

ut meae res sese habent,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 1.—

Mid.:

virtus clara aeternaque habetur,

exhibits itself, is, continues, Sall. C. 1, 4:

sicuti pleraque mortalium habentur,

as for the most part happens in human affairs, id. ib. 6, 3.—

Neutr. (as also the Gr echô): Tullia nostra recte valet: Terentia minus belle habuit, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1:

volui animum tandem confirmare hodie meum, Ut bene haberem filiae nuptiis,

I might enjoy myself, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2: qui bene habet suisque amicis est volup, id. [p. 835] Mil. 3, 1, 130:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

it is well, Cic. Mur. 6, 14; Liv. 8, 6:

magnum narras, vix credibile! atqui sic habet,

so it is, it is even so, Hor. S. 1, 9, 53: illasce sues sanas esse habereque recte licere spondesne? Formula emendi, ap. Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 5; 2, 3, 5.—

To hold, account, esteem, consider, regard a person or thing in any manner or as any thing; to think or believe a person or thing to be so or so:

aliquem fidelem sibi habere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 87:

deos aeternos et beatos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 45:

id habent hodie vile et semper habuerunt,

id. Balb. 22, 51:

maximam illam voluptatem habemus, quae, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

eum nos ut perveterem habemus... nec vero habeo quemquam antiquiorem,

id. Brut. 15, 61:

Ut et rex et pater habereter omnium,

id. Rep. 1, 36; 2, 21:

parentem Asiae et dici et haberi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10 fin.:

eos dicit esse habitos deos, a quibus, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 15, 38:

cum esset habendus rex, quicumque genere regio natus esset,

id. Rep. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 12 fin.: non habeo nauci Marsum augurem, Poet. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132:

cujus auctoritas in iis regionibus magni habebatur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21, 7:

nihil pensi habere,

Quint. 11, 1, 29; cf.

also: an perinde habenda sit haec atque illa,

id. 7, 3, 11:

sese illum non pro amico, sed pro hoste habiturum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 19; so,

aliquem pro hoste,

Liv. 2, 20; Curt. 6, 2 al.:

nisi in provincia relictas rationes pro relatis haberem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

licet omnia Italica pro Romanis habeam,

Quint. 1, 5, 56; 12, 10, 73:

istuc jam pro facto habeo,

Cic. Att. 13, 1, 2:

Pompeium pro certo habemus per Illyricum proficisci in Galliam,

to consider as certain, id. ib. 10, 6 fin.:

id obliviscendum, pro non dicto habendum,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

hoc velim in maximis rebus et maxime necessariis habeas,

Cic. Att. 5, 5 fin.:

aliquem in deorum numero,

id. N. D. 1, 14, 36:

aliquem in hostium numero,

Caes. B. G. 1, 28, 1:

aliquem suorum In numero,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 41;

for which also: hostium numero haberi,

Cic. Att. 11, 6, 6:

numero impiorum ac sceleratorum haberi,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 7; cf. also Quint. 3, 7, 2:

quem Aegyptii nefas habent nominare,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 56:

mutare nefas habent,

Quint. 12, 8, 6:

nec tamen est habendum religioni, nocentem aliquando defendere,

to scruple, make a conscience of, Cic. Off. 2, 14, 51; cf.:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

quando tu me bene merentem tibi habes despicatui,

you despise, Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 19:

non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11.—Hence: sic habeto, or sic habeas aliquid, or with an object-clause, hold or judge thus, be convinced or persuaded, believe, know:

sed hoc nihil ad te: illud velim sic habeas, uod intelliges, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 2:

unum hoc sic habeto: si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 6 fin.:

sic habeto: omnibus, etc.,

id. Rep. 6, 13:

enitere et sic habeto, non esse te mortalem, sed corpus hoc,

id. ib. 6, 24; so with an object-clause, id. Fam. 2, 10, 1; 16, 4, 4.—Without sic:

id primum ergo habeto, non sine magna causa, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 2:

tantum habeto, civem egregium esse Pompeium, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 8, 2.—

To take, accept, bear, submit to, endure:

neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur: multi eas gravius aequo habuere,

Sall. C. 51, 11:

egestas facile habetur sine damno,

id. ib. 6, 37:

quae in praesens Tiberius civiliter habuit, sed, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 21:

neque tantum maleficium impune habendum,

id. ib. 3, 70;

12, 48: nec ita aegre habuit filium id pro parente ausum,

Liv. 7, 5, 7 Weissenb.—

To hold, have possession of, occupy, a place:

urbem Romam condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

Sall. C. 6, 1:

qui mortales initio Africam habuerint,

id. J. 17, 7; 18, 1; cf.

Siciliam et Sardiniam per legatos habuit,

rule, administer, Flor. 4, 2, 22:

urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

Hispaniae tribus legionibus habebantur,

id. ib. 4, 5; 12, 54.—

More freq. neutr., to dwell, live anywhere (perh. only ante-class.; in good prose habito is used instead): quae Corinthum arcem altam habetis, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 294 Vahl.):

ille geminus qui Syracusis habet,

Plaut. Men. prol. 69: quis istic habet? id. Bacch. 1, 2, 6:

ubi nunc adulescens habet?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 156:

apud aedem Junonis Lucinae, ubi aeditumus habere solet,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 50 Mull.; cf.:

situm formamque et universorum castrorum et partium, qua Poeni, qua Numidae haberent...specularentur,

Liv. 30, 4, 2 (but v. Weissenb. ad loc.).—

To spend, pass (time, etc.):

aetatem procul a republica,

Sall. C. 4, 1:

vitam,

id. ib. 51, 12 al.—

To have in one's mind, to know, be acquainted with:

siquidem istius regis (Anci) matrem habemus, ignoramus patrem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 18 fin.: habes consilia nostra;

nunc cognosce de Bruto,

there you have, such are, id. Att. 5, 21, 10:

habetis igitur primum ortum tyranni,

id. Rep. 2, 27:

habetis sermonem bene longum hominis,

id. de Or. 2, 88, 361; cf.

also: habes nostras sententias,

Suet. Claud. 4:

habes, quae fortissime de beata vita dici putem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28 fin.; cf. id. de Or. 2, 71, 291. —

To have as a habit, peculiarity, or characteristic:

habebat hoc omnino Caesar: quem plane perditum aere alieno egentemque cognorat, hunc in familiaritatem libentissime recipiebat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 78; id. Pis. 32, 81.—

To hold, to make, do, perform, prepare, utter, pronounce, produce, cause:

alium quaerebam, iter hac habui,

made, directed, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 35; cf.:

ex urbe profectus iter ad legiones habebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 3; so,

iter,

id. ib. 1, 51, 1; 3, 11, 2; 3, 106, 1; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 2:

vias,

Luc. 2, 439:

C. Cato contionatus est, comitia haberi non siturum, si, etc.,

to be held, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 6:

senatum,

id. ib. 2, 13, 3; id. Fam. 1, 4, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2, 1:

concilia,

id. B. G. 5, 53, 4:

contionem,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 6:

censum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138:

delectum (militum),

id. Phil. 5, 12, 31; id. Fam. 15, 1 fin.; Caes. B. G. 6, 1;

v. delectus: ludos,

Suet. Rhet. 1:

sermonem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; cf.:

orationem,

to deliver, id. Rep. 1, 46:

multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

id. ib. 6, 9 fin.:

disputationem,

id. ib. 1, 7; Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 1:

dialogum,

Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1:

verba,

id. de Or. 2, 47, 190:

querelam de aliquo apud aliquem,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 1, § 2:

controversiam de fundo cum aliquo,

id. Fam. 13, 69, 2 et saep.:

deinde adventus in Syriam primus equitatus habuit interitum,

caused, occasioned, Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 9; cf. id. Div. 2, 46, 96:

latrocinia nullam habent infamiam, quae extra fines cujusque civitatis fiunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23, 6.—

Habere in animo (or simply animo), with an objectclause, to have in mind, to intend, to be disposed, inclined to do any thing (=propositum habere, constituisse, decrevisse):

istum exheredare in animo habebat,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 52; id. Att. 1, 17, 11:

hoc (flumen) neque ipse transire in animo habebat neque hostes transituros existimabat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 5:

neque bello eum invadere animo habuit,

Liv. 44, 25, 1 dub (al. in animo), v. Drak. ad h. l.—

Habere sibi or secum aliquid, to keep to one's self (lit. and trop.):

clamare coeperunt, sibi ut haberet hereditatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 47:

per vindicationem his verbis legamus: DO LEGO, CAPITO, SUMITO, SIBI HABETO,

Ulp. Fragm. 24, 3; cf. ib. § 5; Gai. Inst. 2, 209.—So the formula used in divorces:

res tuas tibi habeas or habe,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 47; Sen. Suas. 1, § 7:

illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit ex duodecim tabulis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69. —Comic. transf.:

apage sis amor: tuas tibi res habeto,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 32.— Trop.:

secreto hoc audi, tecum habeto, ne Apellae quidem liberto tuo dixeris,

Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

verum haec tu tecum habeto,

id. Att. 4, 15, 6.—

Of a sweetheart, to have, to possess, enjoy:

postquam nos Amaryllis habet, Galatea reliquit,

Verg. E. 1, 31; Tib. 1, 2, 65; Prop. 3, 8 (4, 7), 22:

duxi, habui scortum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 6; Ter. And. 1, 1, 58: cum esset objectum, habere eum Laida;

habeo, inquit, non habeor a Laide,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2.—

Gladiatorial t. t., of a wounded combatant: hoc habet or habet, he has that (i. e. that stroke), he is hit:

desuper altus equo graviter ferit atque ita fatur: Hoc habet,

Verg. A. 12, 296; Prud. Psych. 53.—

Transf.:

hoc habet: reperi, qui senem ducerem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 26; id. Rud. 4, 4, 99: egomet continuo mecum;

Certe captus est! Habet!

Ter. And. 1, 1, 56 (id est vulneratus est. Habet enim qui percussus est: et proprie de gladiatoribus dicitur, Don.).—Hence: hăbĭtus, a, um, P. a., held or kept in a certain condition, state, humor (ante-class.).

In gen.

Lit.: equus nimis strigosus et male habitus, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 4, 20, 11; v. in the foll.—

Trop.:

ut patrem tuum vidi esse habitum, diu etiam duras (lites) dabit,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22.—

In partic., physically, well kept, well conditioned, fleshy, corpulent:

corpulentior videre atque habitior,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

si qua (virgo) est habitior paulo, pugilem esse aiunt, deducunt cibum,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 23: (censores) equum nimis strigosum et male habitum, sed equitem ejus uberrimum et habitissimum viderunt, etc., Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 4, 20, 11.

ĭn-ĕo, īvi and ĭi, ĭtum, īre (iniri only ap. Vop. Procul. 12, 7; fut. iniet, Sen. Ben. 21, 2), v. a. and n.

To go into, to enter a place (class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with acc., or with in and acc.

With acc.:

illius domum,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 8:

urbem,

Liv. 3, 24, 8:

Argolicas acies non ignarus ini (i. e. inii),

Stat. Th. 8, 107:

convivia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

viam, iter,

to enter on a journey, id. Mur. 12, 26.— Pass.:

nemus nullis illud initur equis,

Ov. F. 3, 266:

(Hispania) prima Romanis inita provinciarum,

Liv. 28, 12, 12.—

With in and acc.:

in urbem,

Liv. 24, 9, 2.—

In partic., to know, in mal. part., Liv. 41, 13, 2: reginam, Drusillam, Anton. ap. Suet. Aug. 69:

feminae viros ineunt,

Sen. Ep. 95, 21;

so of animals,

to pair, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 178.— Pass.:

vacca ab agresti tauro inita,

Liv. 41, 13, 2; cf.:

sic velut inita arbor fecundo semine fertilior exstat,

Col. 5, 9, 16.—

Trop., to enter upon, begin a business, an enterprise, occupation, office, etc.:

magistratum,

Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

consulatum,

Liv. 24, 9, 7:

imperium,

Suet. Tib. 67.— Pass.:

inito magistratu,

Liv. 36, 1, 1:

magnum et difficile certamen iniens,

Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31; Curt. 4, 3, 12:

proelium,

id. Off. 1, 11, 37; Vell. 2, 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vesp. 4:

pugnas,

Verg. A. 11, 912:

bellum,

Curt. 5, 9, 4.— Pass.:

bellum cum rege Philippo initum est,

Liv. 31, 5, 1; 36, 1, 5: numerum, to go into an enumeration, i. e. to enumerate, give the number:

numerus interfectorum haud facile iniri potuit,

Liv. 38, 23, 6:

numerus inibatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76: rationem, to make an estimate:

rationem inire oportet operarum, dierum,

Cato, R. R. 2, 2; cf.:

initā subductāque ratione,

Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71: inire rationem also freq. signifies, to calculate, consider, find out, devise, contrive:

rogo, ut adjuves ineasque rationem, quemadmodum ea mulier Romam perducatur,

id. Fam. 13, 28, 2:

mihi ineunda ratio, et via reperiunda est, qua ad Apronii quaestum possim pervenire,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 46. § 110: ut multa tam gravis depelleretur, a me inita ratio est. id. Fam. 5, 20, 4:

rationem de re,

id. Phil. 5, 19, 53:

ad hunc interficiendum talem iniit rationem,

Nep. Hann. 10, 3:

aestimationem,

to make an estimate, to estimate, value, Sen. Ben. 3, 8 fin.:

mensuram agrorum,

to take the measure of, to measure, survey, Col. 5, 3, 1: societatem cum aliquo, to enter into or form an association with a person, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3; so of an alliance, Suet. Tib. 2:

bellum,

to take part in, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37; Curt. 5, 9, 4:

pugnas,

to begin, Verg. A. 11, 912:

pugnam,

Vell. 1, 9, 3; 2, 55, 3:

indutias,

to conclude, make, Plin. Pan. 11, 5: consilium, to form a plan, Ov. F. 3, 380:

consilia inibat, quemadmodum a Gergovia discederet,

formed plans, considered, deliberated, Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

consilium facinoris contra vitam alicujus,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 4: gratiam, to get into the good graces, obtaĭn the favor of:

plures ineuntur gratiae, si, etc.,

the favor of many is gained, id. Brut. 57, 209:

gratiam ab aliquo,

Nep. Alcib. 9 fin.:

apud regem initam gratiam volebant,

Liv. 36, 5, 3:

summam gratiam a bonis omnibus,

Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: viam, to find out a way to do any thing:

ineamus viam aliquam, qua utri utris imperent, decerni possit,

Liv. 1, 23, 9:

suffragia, i. q. dare,

id. 3, 17, 4; 3, 25, 4:

inită aestate,

in the beginning of, Caes. B. G. 2, 2; 2, 35, 2; cf.:

inită hieme,

id. ib. 3, 7, 1.— Poet.:

somnum,

to fall asleep, Verg. E. 1, 56:

ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo,

to undertake, id. A. 5, 846:

formam vitae,

to enter upon a course of life, Tac. A. 1, 74:

teque adeo decus hoc aevi, te consule (puer), inibit, Pollio,

he will enter on this golden age during your consulship, Verg. E. 4, 11 Ladew.; cf. Forbig. ad loc.—

v. n. (= incipere), to make a beginning, to begin:

ex ineunte aevo,

Lucr. 5, 859; so,

ineunte vere,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 fin.:

ineunte aestate,

id. Att. 4, 2, 6:

ab ineunte aetate,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 97:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4; Nep. Alcib. 2, 2; cf. id. Them. 1, 1 al.

in-strŭo, xi ( perf. sync. instruxti, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 34), ctum, 3, v. a., to build in or into; to build,, erect, construct (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

contabulationem in parietes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

tubulos in earum (cloacarum) parietibus,

Vitr. 5, 9, 7:

muros,

Nep. Them. 6:

aggerem,

Tac. H. 2, 22.—

In partic.

To set in order, draw up in battle array:

legiones,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 66:

aciem,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; id. Phil. 4, 5, 11:

contra copias praesidia vestrosque exercitus,

id. Cat. 2, 11 init.—Absol.:

ad instruendum spatium,

Liv. 9, 37, 3; 10, 19, 15; 24, 48, 11:

insidias in loco aliquo,

to lay an ambush, id. Clu. 66, 190; cf.:

quem insidiis instruendis locum?

Liv. 6, 23, 6:

acies circa vallum,

id. 3, 22, 5:

ad hunc modum aciem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 88:

postremo in plures ordines,

Liv. 8, 8, 4:

naves,

Just. 5, 4, 1.—

To prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, to equip, fit out (with necessaries):

domum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:

instruere et parare convivium omnibus rebus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 27, §

62: mensas,

Verg. A. 3, 231; Ov. M. 8, 571:

agrum,

to stock, furnish, Liv. 6, 5, 5:

hortos,

Col. 11, 2, 25; Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 11:

frumento et stipendio victorem,

Just. 6, 6:

et dotare filiam,

Suet. Vesp. 14:

mulieri aurum atque ornamenta,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 35:

instruit focum provincia,

Juv. 5, 97:

socios simul instruit armis,

Verg. A. 8, 80:

concubinas securibus peltisque,

Suet. Ner. 44:

Xerxes bellum per quinquennium instruxit,

Just. 2, 10, 12; 8, 5, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., to procure, provide for, prepare for, furnish:

accusationem,

Cic. Clu. 6:

causam,

Plin. Ep. 10, 85:

in instruendo (orationem) dissipatus,

in arranging, Cic. Brut. 59, 216: se, to furnish, prepare one ' s self:

ad judicium nondum se satis instruxerat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 19:

neque spatium erat instruendi bellum,

Just. 8, 5, 2. —

In partic., to provide with information, to teach, instruct:

(oratores) parum his artibus instructos vidimus,

Cic. Brut. 59, 214:

judicem notitiā rerum,

Quint. 4, 2, 24:

juvenes salubribus praeceptis,

Petr. 140: aliquem scientiā alicujus rei, Quint. prooem. § 23; cf. id. 1, 10, 5; 2, 4, 20; 2, 5, 1 al.— Absol., Just. praef. 4 (but in Cic. Cael. 30, 72, the true reading is instituimur).—

To plan, devise:

magnas res hic agito in mentem instruere,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 31:

instruendae fraudi intentior,

Liv. 23, 35, 14: insidias [p. 971] mihi, Cat. 18 (21), 7.—Hence, instructus, a, um, P. a., ordered, drawn up; furnished, provided with any thing.

Lit.:

exercitus ita stetit instructus, ut, etc.,

Liv. 4, 18:

acies,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

domicilia rebus iis omnibus, quibus, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

instructa et exornata domus,

provided with necessaries, id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 84:

instructae ornataeque naves,

id. ib. 2, 5, 51, §

133: instructae atque ornatae omnibus rebus copiae,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 8:

omnibus rebus instructum et paratum convivium,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27.—

Trop.

Arranged, prepared; instructed:

jam instructa sunt mihi in corde consilia omnia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7:

res satis scite instructae et compositae,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39:

ad permovendos animos instructi et parati,

id. Or. 5:

ad mortem contemnendam,

id. Fin. 2, 17:

ad dicendum instructissimus,

id. de Or. 3, 8.—

Instructed, versed in:

in jure civili,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249:

omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. ib. 1, 16, 73:

a jure civili, ab historia instructior (v. ab),

id. Brut. 43.—

In a bad sense: accusatores instructi et subornati,

prepared, instructed, Cic. Vatin. 1, 3:

vitiis instructior,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 25.— Adv.: instructē, with great preparation; only comp.:

ludos opulentius instructius facere,

Liv. 1, 35, 7:

instructius accusare,

App. Mag. 34, p. 296.

nĕcessĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. -ātium, Caes. B. G. 7, 89, 1), f. [necesse], unavoidableness, inevitableness, necessity, compulsion, force, exigency.

Lit.: hinc exsistit illa fatalis necessitas, quam heimarmenên dicitis, ut, quidquid accidat, id ex aeternā veritate, causarumque continuatione fluxisse dicatis, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 55:

ut, etiam si naturā tales (i. e. feroces) non sint, necessitate esse coguntur,

by the compulsion of circumstances, id. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

id. ib. 4, 9, 2:

veniam necessitati dare,

id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

necessitatem alicui afferre,

id. Phil. 10, 1, 2. necessitas mihi obvenit alicujus rei, id. Off. 2, 21, 74:

ex necessitate aliquid facere,

Tac. H. 3, 62:

ac nescio an majores necessitates vobis, quam captivis vestris, fortuna circumdederit,

Liv. 21, 43:

extrema necessitas,

i. e. death, Sall. H. 1, 41, 15 Dietsch; Tac. A. 15, 61; id. H. 1, 72:

necessitate me, mala ut fiam, facis,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 54.—Prov.:

facere de necessitate virtutem,

to make a virtue of necessity, Hier. in Ruf. 3, n. 2; id. Ep. 54, n. 6:

quam cum pecuniam profudisset, et sibi nihil non modo ad cupiditates suas, sed ne ad necessitatem quidem reliquisset,

Cic. Clu. 25, 68.—

Transf.

Fate, destiny, a law of nature:

signorum ortus et obitus... quadam ex necessitate semper eodem modo fiunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

humana consilia divina necessitate esse superata,

id. Lig. 6, 17:

ut vita, quae necessitati deberetur,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

ut id fatum vim necessitatis adferret,

id. Fat. 17, 39:

et vis omnium rerum,

id. ib. 20, 48:

fati,

Liv. 1, 42.—

In plur. concr., necessaries, necessary things, necessary expenses:

reliquis autem tribus virtutibus necessitates propositae sunt ad eas res parandas, quibus actio vitae continetur,

Cic. Off. 1, 5, 17:

vitae necessitatibus servire,

id. Div. 1, 49, 110:

suarum necessitatum causa,

wants, interests, Caes. B. G. 7, 89:

publicae necessitates,

Liv. 23, 48, 10:

necessitates ac largitiones,

Tac. A. 1, 11.—

Necessity, need, want (mostly post-Aug.):

famem et ceteras necessitates tantopere tolerabant, ut, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 68; id. Tib. 47:

quod pro honore acceptum etiam necessitatibus subvenit,

Tac. G. 15:

neque enim necessitatibus tantummodo nostris provisum est, usque in delicias amamur,

Sen. Ben. 4, 5, 1; cf.:

sustinere necessitates aliorum,

Liv. 6, 15, 9.—

For necessitudo, connection, relationship, friendship:

si nostram necessitatem familiaritatemque violāsset,

Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

magnam necessitatem possidet paternus maternusque sanguis,

bond of affection, intimacy, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66: equidem mihi videor pro nostrā necessitate non labore defuisse, Caes. ap. Gell. 13, 3, 5 (cited ap. Non. 354, 11).—

Personified: Necessitas, the goddess of necessity, the Gr. Anankê:

te semper anteit saeva Necessitas,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 17; cf. Macr. S. 1, 19; and v. clavus.

oppugno ( obp-), āvi, ātum (old inf. fut. oppugnassere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 55; v. Roby, Gram. 1, 197 sq.), 1, v. a. [obpugno], to fight against, to attack, assail, assault, storm, besiege, war with (class.; cf.: obsideo, occupo).

Lit.:

omnes Galliae civitates ad se oppugnandum venisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

aggeribus, vineis, turribus oppugnabam oppidum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; id. Har. Resp. 4, 6: castra, Caes. B. G. 6, 41:

locum,

id. ib. 5, 21: clamor oppugnantis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Ann. v. 408 Vahl.):

castelli oppugnandi spes,

Liv. 21, 57:

se Macedoniam oppugnaturum dicebat,

id. 42, 32:

oppugnante aliquo,

Just. 9, 5, 4:

quoniam externo hoste oppugnarentur,

id. 18, 2, 2:

Methonam urbem,

id. 7, 6, 14:

25, 4, 7: nos et civitatem,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 50.—

Trop., to attack, assault, assail:

non oportuisse Metellum, patrem tuum, oppugnari a me,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

pecuniā aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

rem,

id. de Or. 2, 38, 161:

aliquem clandestinis consiliis,

id. Or. 66, 223:

aequitatem verbis,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

consilia alicujus,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 154:

delictum,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 52:

senem,

to lay siege to, circumvent, id. Ep. 1, 2, 60: sonipes celer... Oppugnat frenis, struggles against, resists, Coripp. Joann. 4, 468.

oppugno ( obp-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [ob-pugnus], to beat with fists, to buffet (Plautin.):

os,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 56.

oppugno ( obp-), āvi, ātum (old inf. fut. oppugnassere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 55; v. Roby, Gram. 1, 197 sq.), 1, v. a. [obpugno], to fight against, to attack, assail, assault, storm, besiege, war with (class.; cf.: obsideo, occupo).

Lit.:

omnes Galliae civitates ad se oppugnandum venisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

aggeribus, vineis, turribus oppugnabam oppidum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; id. Har. Resp. 4, 6: castra, Caes. B. G. 6, 41:

locum,

id. ib. 5, 21: clamor oppugnantis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Ann. v. 408 Vahl.):

castelli oppugnandi spes,

Liv. 21, 57:

se Macedoniam oppugnaturum dicebat,

id. 42, 32:

oppugnante aliquo,

Just. 9, 5, 4:

quoniam externo hoste oppugnarentur,

id. 18, 2, 2:

Methonam urbem,

id. 7, 6, 14:

25, 4, 7: nos et civitatem,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 50.—

Trop., to attack, assault, assail:

non oportuisse Metellum, patrem tuum, oppugnari a me,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

pecuniā aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

rem,

id. de Or. 2, 38, 161:

aliquem clandestinis consiliis,

id. Or. 66, 223:

aequitatem verbis,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

consilia alicujus,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 154:

delictum,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 52:

senem,

to lay siege to, circumvent, id. Ep. 1, 2, 60: sonipes celer... Oppugnat frenis, struggles against, resists, Coripp. Joann. 4, 468.

oppugno ( obp-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [ob-pugnus], to beat with fists, to buffet (Plautin.):

os,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 56.

rĕ-cordor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. and n. [cor].

To think over, bethink one ' s self of, be mindful of a thing (as the result of the reminisci, the recalling of it to memory), to call to mind, remember, recollect (freq. and class.; cf.

recognosco): quod jam pueri ita celeriter res innumerabiles arripiant, ut eas non tum primum arripere videantur, sed reminisci et recordari. Haec sunt Platonis fere,

Cic. Sen. 21, 78; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57:

sed parum est me hoc meminisse: spero etiam te, qui oblivisci nihil soles, nisi injurias, reminiscentem recordari,

id. Lig. 12, 35.— Constr.

With acc. (so most freq.):

pueritiae memoriam,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1:

omnes gradus aetatis tuae (with considero),

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

desperationes eorum,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

hujus meritum in me,

id. Planc. 28, 69 Wund. N. cr.:

tua consilia,

id. Att. 8, 12, 5: derreis, id. ib. 4, 17, 1:

excusationem legationis obeundae,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 8:

communes belli casus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72 fin.:

virtutes (Manlii),

Liv. 6, 20 fin.:

acta pueritiae,

Quint. 11, 2, 6:

priorem libertatem,

Tac. Agr. 82:

feralem introitum,

id. H. 1, 37:

bene facta priora,

Cat. 76, 1:

vocem Anchisae magni voltumque,

Verg. A. 8, 156:

antiqua damna,

Ov. M. 15, 774 et saep.:

tuam virtutem animique magnitudinem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1; so,

tua in me studia et officia multum tecum,

id. ib. 15, 21, 5; cf.:

alicujus vitam et naturam,

id. Clu. 25, 70; id. Tusc. 5, 5, 14:

si rite audita recordor,

Verg. A. 3, 107:

cum recorder non M. Brutum... sed legiones nostras in eum locum saepe profectas,

Cic. Sen. 20, 75.— With quod:

recordatus quod nihil cuiquam toto die praestitisset,

Suet. Tit. 8:

ad ea, quae... recordanda et cogitanda,

Cic. Sull. 9, 26.—

With obj.-clause: recordabantur, eadem se superiore anno in Hispaniā perpessos, Caes. B. C. 3, 47; Ov. M. 13, 705: hoc genus poenae saepe in improbos civis esse usurpatum recordatur. Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7; id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 5; and, acc. to the analogy of memini, with inf. pres.:

ego recordor longe omnibus unum anteferre Demosthenem,

id. Or. 7, 23.—

With rel.-clause:

admonitus re ipsā recordor, quantum hae quaestiones punctorum nobis detraxerint,

Cic. Mur. 34, 72; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 1:

recordor unde ceciderim,

Att. 4, 16, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 73, 3; Quint. 11, 2, 38.—

With gen. (freq. in late Lat.; in Cic. only in two foll. passages, for in Cic. Planc. 28, 69, the true read. is meritum):

recordans superioris tuae transmissionis,

Cic. Att. 4, 19, 1:

flagitiorum suorum recordabitur,

id. Pis. 6, 12:

pacti mei,

Vulg. Ezech. 16, 60:

nominis Domini, id. Amos, 6, 11: verborum,

id. Luc. 24, 6 et saep.—

With de:

tu si meliore memoriā es, velim scire, ecquid de te recordere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 13; id. Planc. 42, 104; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 7, § 23; id. Sest. 1, 1; id. Lig. 12, 35.—

Absol.:

et, ut recordor, tibi meam (epistulam) misi,

Cic. Att. 13, 6, 3.—

To think of, meditate, ponder something future (rare):

nunc ego non tantum, quae sum passura, recordor,

Ov. H. 10, 79:

omnium captivitatem et miserrimam servitutem,

Just. 5, 7, 10.

Act. collat. form recordavit, Quadrig. ap. Non. 475, 27; Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 46.—

Part. perf. in a pass. signif.:

ad recordata poenalis vitae debita,

preserved in the memory, Sid. Ep. 9, 3 med.

red-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3 (old fut. reddibo = reddam, Plaut. Cas. 1, 41; id. Men. 5, 7, 49, acc. to Non. 476, 27; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 508, 9; pass. reddibitur, id. Ep. 1, 1, 22), v. a.

Lit., to give back, return, restore (freq. and class.;

syn. restituo): reddere est quod debeas ei cujus est volenti dare,

Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 2:

ut mihi pallam reddat, quam dudum dedi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 109; 4, 3, 5; cf.:

potes nunc mutuam drachmam dare mihi unam, quam cras reddam tibi?

id. Ps. 1, 1, 84;

so corresp. to dare,

id. ib. 1, 1, 89; id. Stich. 4, 1, 42:

quid si reddatur illi, unde empta est,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 83; id. Men. 3, 3, 21 sq.; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 24 sq. et saep.; cf.

the foll.: ea, quae utenda acceperis, majore mensurā, si modo possis, jubet reddere Hesiodus,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 48;

so corresp. to accipere,

id. Lael. 8, 26; 16, 58; id. Rep. 2, 5, 10; Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 13:

accipe quod nunquam reddas mihi,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 66; Verg. G. 4, 172; id. A. 8, 450 et saep.:

si quid ab omnibus conceditur, id reddo ac remitto,

I give it back and renounce it, Cic. Sull. 30, 84: Th. Redde argentum aut virginem. Ph. Quod argentum, quam tu virginem, me reposcis? Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 14:

ut (virginem) suis Restituam ac reddam,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 67;

so with restituere,

Liv. 3, 68 al.; cf.:

reddere alias tegulas, i. e. restituere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 29: obsides, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 19; so Caes. B. G. 1, 35; 1, 36; 6, 12:

captivos,

id. ib. 7, 90; Liv. 26, 50:

ho mines,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7 al.:

corpora (mor tuorum),

Verg. A. 11, 103; cf. id. ib. 2, 543:

equos,

Cic. Rep. 4, 2, 2; Suet. Aug. 38:

suum cuique,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

hereditatem mulieri,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 58:

sive paribus paria redduntur,

i. e. are set against, opposed to, id. Or. 49, 164:

nosmet ipsos nobis reddidistis,

id. Red. in Sen. 1, 1:

redditus Cyri solio Phraates,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 17:

reddas incolumem, precor,

id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

ut te reddat natis carisque,

id. S. 1, 1, 83:

redditus terris Daedalus,

Verg. A. 6, 18; cf.:

patriis aris,

id. ib. 11, 269:

oculis nostris,

id. ib. 2, 740:

tenebris,

id. ib. 6, 545:

sed jam urbi votisque publicis redditus,

Plin. Pan. 60, 1:

ex magnā desperatione saluti redditus,

Just. 12, 10, 1:

quin tu primum salutem reddis, quam dedi,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 11:

operam da, opera reddibitur tibi,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 22; so id. Men. 4, 2, 101: cum duo genera liberalitatis sint, unum dandi beneficii, alterum reddendi, demus nec ne, in nostrā potestate est;

non reddere viro bono non licet,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 48; so Sen. Ben. 1, 1 sq.; and cf. Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 10:

redde his libertatem,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 17; so,

Lyciis libertatem ademit, Rhodiis reddidit,

Suet. Claud. 25:

patriam,

Liv. 5, 51 fin.:

sibi ereptum honorem,

Verg. A. 5, 342:

conspectum,

id. ib. 9, 262 al.:

se ipse convivio reddidit,

betook himself again to the banquet, returned, Liv. 23, 9 fin.:

quae belua reddit se catenis,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 71:

se reddidit astris,

Sil. 4, 119; so,

lux terris,

Verg. A. 8, 170:

se iterum in arma,

id. ib. 10, 684.—

Poet., with inf.:

sua monstra profundo Reddidit habere Jovi,

Stat. Th. 1, 616.—

Absol. (rare and poet.), of a river:

sic modo conbibitur, modo Redditur ingens Erasinus,

is swallowed up... reappears, Ov. M. 15, 275. —

Transf.

To give up, hand over, deliver, impart, assign; to yield, render, give, grant, bestow, pay, surrender, relinquish, resign (syn.:

trado, refero): Cincius eam mihi abs te epistulam reddidit, quam tu dederas,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1; so,

litteras (alicui),

id. ib. 2, 1, 1; id. Fam. 2, 17, 1:

litteras a te mihi reddidit stator tuus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 1; 2, 20; 3, 33; Sall. C. 34, 3; cf.

mandata,

Suet. Tib. 16:

pretium alicui pro benefactis ejus,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

hoccine pretii,

id. As. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

praemia debita (along with persolvere grates),

Verg. A. 2, 537:

cetera praemia (with dare),

id. ib. 9, 254:

primos honores,

id. ib. 5, 347:

gratiam alicui (for the usual referre gratiam),

Sall. J. 110, 4:

reddunt ova columbae,

Juv. 3, 202:

obligatam Jovi dapem,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 17:

o fortunata mors, quae naturae debita, pro patriā est potissimum reddita,

Cic. Phil. 14, 12, 31; cf.:

vitam naturae reddendam,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 5; so, vitam. Lucr. 6, 1198:

debitum naturae morbo,

i. e. to die by disease, Nep. Reg. 1 fin.:

lucem,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 35:

ultimum spiritum,

Vell. 2, 14, 2; cf. id. 2, 22, 2; 2, 35 fin.;

2, 87, 2: animam caelo,

id. ib. 123 fin.; cf.

animas (with moriuntur),

Verg. G. 3, 495:

hanc animam, vacuas in auras,

Ov. P. 2, 11, 7:

caute vota reddunto,

to pay, offer, render, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; so,

vota,

Verg. E. 5, 75; Just. 11, 10, 10:

tura Lari,

Tib. 1, 3, 34:

liba deae,

Ov. F. 6, 476:

fumantia exta,

Verg. G. 2, 194; Tac. H. 4, 53; cf.:

graves poenas,

i. e. to suffer, Sall. J. 14, 21:

promissa viro,

Verg. A. 5, 386 al.:

tibi ego rationem reddam?

will render an account, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6; so,

rationem,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 114; Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 38;

v. ratio: animam a pulmonibus respirare et reddere,

to give off, exhale, id. N. D. 2, 54, 136; cf.:

ut tibiae sonum reddunt,

give forth, Quint. 11, 3, 20; so,

sonum,

id. 9, 4, 40; 66; Sen. Ep. 108; Hor. A. P. 348:

vocem,

Verg. A. 3, 40; 7, 95; 8, 217 (with mugiit); Hor. A. P. 158:

stridorem,

Ov. M. 11, 608:

murmura,

id. ib. 10, 702:

flammam,

Plin. 37, 2, 11, § 36 et saep.; so,

alvum,

Cels. 2, 12, 2:

bilem,

id. 7, 23:

sanguinem,

to vomit, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6 (just before:

sanguinem rejecit): urinam,

Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 165:

calculum,

id. 28, 15, 61, § 217:

catulum partu,

Ov. M. 15, 379; cf.

so of parturition,

id. ib. 10, 513; id. H. 16, 46:

fructum, quem reddunt praedia,

yield, produce, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 75; Ov. P. 1, 5, 26; Col. 2, 16, 2; Pall. Febr. 9, 4; Plin. 18, 9, 20, § 87; cf. Tib. 2, 6, 22; Quint. 12, 10, 25:

generi nostro haec reddita est benignitas,

is imparted to, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 27; cf.: nulla quies est [p. 1539] Reddita corporibus primis, Lucr. 2, 96. — Hence, poet., redditum esse, in gen., = factum esse, esse:

una superstitio, superis quae reddita divis,

which is given, belongs to the gods, Verg. A. 12, 817:

quibus et color et sapor una reddita sunt cum odore,

Lucr. 2, 681; cf. id. 2, 228 Munro ad loc.; Juv. 1, 93; Orell. ad Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 216:

neque iis petentibus jus redditur,

is dispensed, granted, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

alicui jus,

Quint. 11, 2, 50; cf.:

alicui testimonium reddere industriae,

id. 11, 1, 88:

quod reliquum vitae virium, id ferro potissimum reddere volebant,

to yield, sacrifice, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

quibus ille pro meritis... jura legesque reddiderat,

had conferred upon it the power of self-jurisdiction, Caes. B. G. 7, 76; cf Liv. 9, 43, 23 Drak.:

Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,

id. 8, 14:

conubia,

to bestow, grant, id. 4, 5:

peccatis veniam,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 75:

nomina facto vera,

to call by the right name, Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 36.— Hence,

Jurid. t. t.:

judicium,

to appoint, grant, fix the time for a trial, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 57; Caes. B. C. 2, 18; Quint. 7, 4, 43; Tac. A. 1, 72:

jus,

to administer justice, pronounce sentence, id. ib. 6, 11; 13, 51; id. H. 3, 68; id. G. 12; Suet. Vit. 9 et saep.—

To give up, yield, abandon to one that which has not been taken away, but only threatened or in danger:

Thermitanis urbem, agros legesque suas reddere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 90 ( = relinquere, id. ib. 2, 2, 36, §

88): Orestis leges suae redditae,

left undisturbed, Liv. 33, 34, 6; 9, 43, 23 (cf. restituere); 29, 21, 7.—

To give back, pay back; hence, to take revenge for, punish, inflict vengeance for:

per eum stare quominus accepta ad Cannas redderetur hosti clades,

Liv. 24, 17, 7:

reddidit hosti cladem,

id. 24, 20, 2:

redditaque aequa Cannensi clades,

id. 27, 49, 5.—

To give back in speech or writing, i. e.

To translate, render (syn.:

converto, transfero): cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

verbum pro verbo,

id. Opt. Gen. 5:

verbo verbum,

Hor. A. P. 133; cf. Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 54.—

To repeat, declare, report, narrate, recite, rehearse (freq. in Quint.):

ut quae secum commentatus esset, ea sine scripto verbis iisdem redderet, quibus cogitasset,

Cic. Brut. 88, 301; cf. Quint. 10, 6, 3:

sive paria (verba) paribus redduntur, sive opponuntur contraria,

Cic. Or. 49, 164:

reddere quae restant,

id. Brut. 74, 258:

tertium actum de pastionibus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 1:

nomina per ordinem audita,

Quint. 11, 2, 23:

causas corruptae eloquentiae,

id. 8, 6, 76:

quid cuique vendidissent,

id. 11, 2, 24:

dictata,

to repeat, rehearse, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14; id. S. 2, 8, 80:

carmen,

to recite, deliver, id. C. 4, 6, 43:

cum talia reddidit hospes,

Ov. M. 6, 330; Lucr. 2, 179:

causam,

id. F. 1, 278:

insigne exemplum suo loco,

Tac. H. 4, 67.—

To answer, reply ( poet.):

veras audire et reddere voces,

Verg. A. 1, 409; 6, 689:

Aeneas contra cui talia reddit,

id. ib. 10, 530;

2, 323: auditis ille haec placido sic reddidit ore,

id. ib. 11, 251 et saep.; cf.

responsa,

id. G. 3, 491:

responsum,

Liv. 38, 9; 3, 60; Verg. A. 6, 672.—

To give back or render a thing according to its nature or qualities; to represent, imitate, express, resemble ( poet. and in post - Aug. prose):

quas hominum reddunt facies,

Lucr. 6, 812:

faciem locorum,

Ov. M. 6, 122; 7, 752:

lux aemula vultum Reddidit,

gave back, reflected, Stat. Achill. 2, 191:

formam alicujus,

Sil. 3, 634:

et qui te nomine reddet Silvius Aeneas,

Verg. A. 6, 768; cf.:

jam Phoebe toto fratrem cum redderet orbe,

Luc. 1, 538:

paternam elegantiam in loquendo,

Quint. 1, 1, 6; 6, 3, 107; cf.:

odorem croci saporemque,

i. e. to smell and taste like saffron, Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

imaginem quandam uvae,

id. 34, 12, 32, § 123:

flammam excellentis purpurae et odorem maris,

id. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

Apelleā redditus arte Mentor,

Mart. 11, 10, 2.—

To give back, return a thing changed in some respect:

senem illum Tibi dedo ulteriorem lepide ut lenitum reddas,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 31; cf.:

quas tu sapienter mihi reddidisti opiparas opera tua,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 4.— Hence, in gen.,

To make or cause a thing to be or appear something or somehow; to render (very freq. and class.; cf.:

facio, redigo): reddam ego te ex ferā fame mansuetem,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 19; id. Capt. 4, 2, 42:

eam (servitutem) lenem reddere,

id. ib. 2, 5, 1: tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam reddere, Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

haec itinera infesta reddiderat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79:

aliquem insignem,

Verg. A. 5, 705:

obscuraque moto Reddita forma lacu est,

dimmed by the disturbance of the water, Ov. M. 3, 476:

homines ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2: omnes Catilinas Acidinos postea reddidit, has made all the Catilines seem to be Acidini, i. e. patriots, in comparison with himself, id. Att. 4, 3, 3:

aliquid perfectum,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 109:

aliquid effectum,

to accomplish, id. Ps. 1, 3, 152; 1, 5, 116; 5, 2, 14:

omne transactum,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 95:

actum,

id. Trin. 3, 3, 90:

dictum ac factum,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 12.— With ut and subj.:

hic reddes omnia Quae sunt certa ei consilia incerta ut sient,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 15.— Pass. = fieri scripsit fasciculum illum epistularum totum sibi aquā madidum redditum esse, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 4; Just. 16, 4, 6; 22, 7, 2:

per sudorem corpus tantum imbecillius redditur,

Cels. 3, 3, 19; cf. Just. 29, 4, 3; 42, 5, 4; 44, 1, 10; Flor. 3, 5, 17; Val. Max. 4, 3 prooem.; Lact. 4, 26, 33.

specto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [id.], to look at, behold; to gaze at, watch, observe, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: adspicio, speculor, conspicor, contueor).

Lit.

In gen.

With acc.:

speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 6, §

82 ib.: si vis videre ludos jucundissimos... amores tuos si vis spectare,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81:

spectare aliquid et visere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

taceas, me spectes,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 90:

quid illas spectas?

id. Rud. 3, 4, 54; id. Am. 1, 1, 268:

ere, ne me spectes,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18:

corpora,

Lucr. 4, 1102:

ingentes acervos,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 24:

gaude quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem,

id. Ep. 1, 6, 19:

cum modo me spectas oculis protervis,

Ov. H. 16 (17), 77:

spectari tergo,

id. A. A. 3, 774:

Zoroaster primus siderum motus diligentissime spectasse dicitur,

Just. 1, 1, 9.—

With rel.clause:

tacitus te sequor, Spectans quas tu res hoc ornatu geras,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 2:

specta quam arcte dormiunt,

id. Most. 3, 2, 144; cf.:

saepe tui, specto, si sint in litore passus,

Ov. H. 18 (19), 27.—

Absol.:

vise, specta tuo arbitratu,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 106: Am. Sosia, age me huc aspice. So. Specto, id. Am. 2, 2, 119:

quam magis specto, minus placet mihi hominis facies,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 19:

alte spectare,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

populo spectante,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 60.—

With ad, in, per, or adv. of place:

spectare ad carceris oras,

Enn. Ann. 1, 102:

quaeso huc ad me specta,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 149; so, ad me, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 12, 8, 16:

ad dexteram,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1:

tota domus, quae spectat in nos solos,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58:

ego limis specto Sic per flabellum clanculum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53:

quoquo hic spectabit, eo tu spectato simul,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 69.—

Impers. pass. with subj. or final clause:

cum plausu congregari feros (pisces) ad cibum assuetudine, in quibusdam vivariis spectetur,

Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193:

spectandum ne quoi anulum det,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 33. —

With inf.:

spectet currere Gangem,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 629:

minaces ire per caelum faces specta,

id. ib. 325.—

In partic.

To look at or see (a play or an actor) as a spectator, to look on:

fabulam,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 37:

Megalesia,

Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 190:

ludos,

id. S. 2, 6, 48; 2, 8, 79; id. Ep. 2, 1, 203; Suet. Aug. 40; 53 al.:

Circenses,

id. ib. 45; id. Claud. 4:

pugiles,

id. Aug. 45:

artifices saltationis,

id. Tit. 7 al. —With inf.:

spectavi ego pridem Comicos ad istum modum Sapienter dicta dicere atque is plaudier,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 23:

matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant,

id. Poen. prol. 32:

jam hic deludetur (Amphitruo), spectatores, vobis spectantibus,

id. Am. 3, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. prol. 151. —Hence, very often in inscrr. and tesseris: GLADIATORIIS SP., i. e. spectatus, of a gladiator who had stood the first public fight, Inscr. Orell. 2561 sq.; cf.: Morcelli delle tessere degli spettacoli Roma, Becker, Antiq. 4, p. 562.—

Of localities, to look, face, lie, be situated towards any quarter (syn.: prospicio, vergo); constr. usu. with ad, in, inter, etc., or an adv. of place; less freq. with acc.:

(hujus insulae) alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; so,

ad orientem solem,

id. ib. 7, 69:

ad fretum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169:

ager, qui in ventum Favonium spectet,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1:

in urbem... in Etruriam,

Liv. 5, 5;

v. also infra: Aquitania spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones,

is situated to the north - west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1 fin.: quare fit, ut introversus et ad te Spectent atque ferant vestigia se omnia prorsus, Lucil. ap. Non. 402, 7; cf.:

ut ora eorum deorsum spectent,

Col. 12, 16, 4:

vestigia Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

quo (villae) spectent porticibus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4: Creta altior est, quā spectat orientem, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 23 (H. 3, 58 Dietsch):

Acarnania solem occidentem et mare Siculum spectat,

Liv. 33, 17, 5:

mediterranea regio est, orientem spectat,

id. 25, 9, 10; 30, 25, 11:

quae et Tanaim et Bactra spectant,

Curt. 7, 7, 4; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 15; Vell. 1, 11, 3:

ab eo latere, quo (Gadis) Hispaniam spectat,

Plin. 4, 21, 36, § 120; 6, 17, 20, § 53.— Transf., of nations:

Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 6:

Masaesyli in regionem Hispaniae spectant,

Liv. 28, 17.—

To examine, try, test:

(argentum) dare spectandum,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 35:

ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 25; cf.:

qui pecuniā non movetur... hunc igni spectatum arbitrantur,

as having stood the test of fire, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38; cf. spectatio, I. B., and spectator, I. B.—

Trop.

In gen., to look at, behold, see, regard, consider (very rare):

specta rem modo!

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14:

audaciam meretricum specta,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 24:

importunitatem spectate aniculae,

id. And. 1, 4, 4:

suave, E terrā magnum alterius spectare laborem,

Lucr. 2, 2: caeli signorum admirabilem ordinem spectat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 402, 17:

ad te unum omnis mea spectat oratio,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 5.—

In partic.

To look to a thing, as to an end or guide of action; hence, to have in view, bear in mind; to aim, strive, or endeavor after; to meditate; to tend, incline, refer, pertain, or have regard to a thing (freq. and class.;

syn.: contendo, pertineo, tendo): juvenes magna spectare et ad ea rectis studiis debent contendere,

Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

nec commune bonum poterant spectare,

Lucr. 5, 958:

rem, non hominem, spectari oportere,

Auct. Her. 1, 6, 9:

nihil spectat nisi fugam,

Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1:

Pompeius statuisse videtur, quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret,

id. Mil. 6, 15:

nos ea, quae sunt in usu vitāque communi, non ea quae finguntur aut optantur spectare debemus,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

ingenti consensu defectionem omnes spectare,

Liv. 22, 22, 21:

arma et bellum,

id. 3, 69, 2:

Romani, desperatā ope humanā, fata et deos spectabant,

id. 5, 16, 8; Curt. 9, 7, 2; Just. 13, 1, 8:

tota domus quae spectat in nos solos,

relies on, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58:

in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur,

id. Or. 16, 51:

mores,

id. Off. 2, 20, 69; so (with sequi) id. de Or. 2, 50, 204:

quem locum probandae virtutis tuae spectas?

do you seek? Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

noli spectare, quanti homo sit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14:

me spectasse semper, ut tibi possem quam maxime esse conjunctus,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

ad imperatorias laudes,

id. Vatin. 10, 24:

ad suam magis gloriam quam ad salutem rei publicae,

id. Sest. 16, 37:

ad vitulam,

Verg. E. 3, 48:

cum plebes Nolana de integro ad defectionem spectaret,

Liv. 23, 16, 2; so id. 23, 6, 4:

ab scelere ad aliud spectare mulier scelus,

id. 1, 47, 1; 34, 56, 10.—Of subjects not personal:

et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

Cic. Or. 59, 200:

ad arma rem spectare,

id. Fam. 14, 5, 1; cf.:

rem ad seditionem spectare,

Liv. 25, 3, 19:

ad vim spectare res coepit,

id. 1, 9, 6; cf.:

si ad perniciem patriae res spectabit,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 90:

aliquid anquirunt, quod spectet et valeat ad bene beateque vivendum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6:

ea non tam ad religionem spectant, quam ad jus sepulcrorum,

belong to, concern, id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

quoniam de eo genere beneficiorum dictum est, quae ad singulos spectant: deinceps de iis, quae ad universos pertinent, disputandum est,

id. Off. 2, 21, 72; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 7: artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis et in unum exitum spectantibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

nostra consilia sempiternum tempus spectare debent,

id. ib. 2, 40, 169:

solvendi necessitas debitorem spectat,

Dig. 2, 14, 42:

res eo spectat, ut eā poenā non videamini esse contenti,

Cic. Lig. 5, 13:

hoc eo spectabat, ut eam (Pythiam) a Philippo corruptam diceret,

id. de Div. 2, 57, 118: summa judicii mei spectat huc, ut meorum injurias ferre possim, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 46:

quo igitur haec spectat oratio?

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; cf. id. Phil. 13, 20, 46:

quorsum haec omnis spectat oratio?

id. ib. 7, 9, 26 et saep.:

quia quicquid ad corpus spectat, et immortalitatis est expers, vanum sit,

Lact. 3, 12, 33.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To judge of; to try, test (syn. probo):

nemo illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 28:

alicujus animum ex animo suo,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 22:

non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

ex meo otium tuum specto,

id. Att. 12, 39:

quod ego non tam fastidiose in nobis quam in histrionibus spectari puto,

id. de Or. 1, 61, 258:

ubi facillime spectatur mulier, quae ingenio'st bono?

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 59; cf.:

hominem in dubiis periclis,

Lucr. 3, 55:

beneficium a deteriore parte,

Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2.—Hence, spectātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 2.).

Tried, tested, proved (syn.: probatus, cognitus): tuam probatam et spectatam maxime adulescentiam, Lucil. ap. Non. 437, 14:

homines spectati et probati,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

fides spectata et diu cognita,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 7, 82:

pietas spectata per ignes,

id. F. 4, 37:

integritas,

Liv. 26, 49, 16; cf.:

homo in rebus judicandis spectatus et cognitus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

spectata ac nobilitata virtus,

id. Fl. 26, 63:

spectata multis magnisque rebus singularis integritas,

id. Phil. 3, 10, 26:

rebus spectata juventus,

Verg. A. 8, 151:

utebatur medico ignobili, sed spectato homine, Cleophanto,

id. Clu. 16, 47:

mores,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 4:

ni virtus fidesque vestra spectata mihi forent,

Sall. C. 20, 2.— Sup.:

id cuique spectatissimum sit, quod occurrerit, etc.,

let that be the best test of each, Liv. 1, 57, 7.—With subject-clause:

mihi satis spectatum est, Pompeium malle principem volentibus vobis esse quam, etc.,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 23 Dietsch.—

In gen., looked up to, respected, esteemed, worthy, excellent:

fecere tale ante alii spectati viri,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 47:

in perfecto et spectato viro,

Cic. Lael. 2, 9:

homines,

id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24:

castitas,

Liv. 1, 57, 10.— Comp.:

quo non spectatior alter,

Sil. 1, 440.— Sup.:

auctoritas clarissimi et spectatissimi viri atque in primis probati,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

spectatissima femina,

id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147.—Of things (Plinian):

paeninsula spectatior (with flumen clarum),

Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107:

spectatius artificium,

id. 11, 1, 1, § 1:

spectatissima laurus,

id. 15, 30, 40, § 134.— Hence, adv.: spectātē, splendidly, excellently:

spectatissime florere,

Plin. 21, 1, 1, § 2:

spectatissime ministrere,

Amm. 28, 3, 9.

surdus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. svar, heavy; svaras, weight; cf. O. H. Germ. swārida, weight], deaf.

Lit.:

ne mi ut surdo verbera auris,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 204; id. Cas. 3, 3, 12:

si surdus sit, varietates vocum noscere possit?

Cic. Div. 2, 3, 9:

utinam aut hic surdus aut haec muta facta sit,

Ter. And. 3, 1, 5.— Sup., stone-deaf, Mart. Cap. 9, § 926; Aug. Ep. 39.—Prov.: surdo narrare, canere, etc., preach to deaf ears, talk to the wind:

nae ille haud scit, quam mihi nunc surdo narret fabulam,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 10:

cantabant surdo,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 47; cf.:

non canimus surdis,

Verg. E. 10, 8; and:

quae (praecepta) vereor, ne vana surdis auribus cecinerim,

Liv. 40, 8, 10; 3, 70, 7; Tib. 4, 14, 2:

narrare asello Fabellam surdo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 200; cf.:

suadere surdis, quid sit opus facto,

Lucr. 5, 1050.—

Transf.

Deaf to any thing, i. e. not listening, unwilling to hear, inattentive, regardless, insensible, inexorable; also, not understanding, not apprehending:

orando surdas jam aures reddideras mihi,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 89; so,

aures,

Liv. 24, 32, 6; cf. Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 48; id. 2, 20 (3, 13), 13:

non surdus judex,

Cic. Font. 11, 25 (7, 15):

ad mea munera surdus,

Ov. H. 7, 27:

per numquam surdos in tua vota deos,

id. P. 2, 8, 28:

surdae ad omnia solacia aures,

Liv. 9, 7, 3:

surdae ad fortia consilia Vitellio aures,

Tac. H. 3, 67 init.:

surdus adversus aliquid,

Aug. Serm. 50, 13:

surdus sum,

I will not hear, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 24:

surdas clamare ad undas,

Ov. A. A. 1, 531:

litora,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 6.—Hence, poet. transf.:

vota,

i. e. to which the gods are deaf, to which they will not hearken, Pers. 6, 28:

surdaeque adhibent solatia menti,

Ov. M. 9, 654:

tuas lacrimas litora surda bibent,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 6:

leges rem surdam, inexorabilem esse,

Liv. 2, 3:

surda tellus,

not susceptible of cultivation, Plin. 18, 3, 4, § 21:

surdus timori,

not capable of fear, Sil. 11, 354:

tuis lacrimis,

Mart. 10, 13, 8:

in alicujus sermone,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 116.— Comp.:

scopulis surdior Icari Voces audit adhuc integer (i. e. castus),

Hor. C. 3, 7, 21:

surdior illa freto surgente,

Ov. M. 14, 711:

surdior aequoribus,

id. ib. 13, 804:

non saxa surdiora navitis,

Hor. Epod. 17, 54.—

With gen.:

Mars genitor, votorum haud surde meorum,

Sil. 10, 554:

pactorum,

id. 1, 692:

veritatis,

Col. 3, 10, 18.—

Of things that give out a dull, indistinct sound, dull-sounding (very rare):

theatrum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.:

locus,

Vitr. 3, 3:

loca,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 576:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 32:

surdum quiddam et barbarum,

id. 12, 10, 28.—

Pass., that is not heard, noiseless, silent, still, mute, dumb ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

lyra,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 58:

buccina,

Juv. 7, 71:

plectra,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 19:

non erit officii gratia surda tui,

unsung, Ov. P. 2, 6, 31; cf.

fama,

Sil. 6, 75:

surdum et ignobile opus,

Stat. Th. 4, 359:

nomen parentum,

Sil. 8, 248:

herbae,

Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 5:

quos diri conscia facti mens surdo verbere caedit,

secret, Juv. 13, 194:

ictus,

Plin. 19, 1, 4, § 20.—

Of odor, appearance, meaning, etc., faint, dim, dull, indistinct, stupid:

spirant cinnama surdum,

Pers. 6, 36:

colos,

Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:

hebes unitate surdā color,

id. 37, 5, 20, § 76:

discrimen figurarum,

id. 35, 2, 2, § 4:

materia,

id. 13, 15, 30, § 98:

res surdae ac sensu carentes,

id. 20, prooem. § 1; so id. 24, 1, 1, § 3; 27, 13, 120, § 146.—Hence, * adv.: surdē, faintly, imperfectly, indistinctly: surde audire, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 194 P. (Com. Fragm. v. 348 Rib.).

ŭter-que, utrăque, utrumque ( gen. sing. utriusque, always with ĭ, Plaut. Truc [p. 1945] 4, 3, 20; Lucr. 4, 503; Cat. 68, 39; Hor. C. 3, 8, 5; Ov. M. 6, 506; old gen. and dat. sing. fem. utraeque, acc. to Charis. 2, 3, p. 132; gen. plur. utrumque, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129 B. and K.), pron., each (of two), either, each one, one and the other, one as well as the other, both (applied to two subjects regarded severally, while ambo regards the two as a pair; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 141, Anm. 2).

In gen.

With substt.

In gen.:

imperator uterque hinc et illinc Jovi Vota suscipere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 74: tibi in utrāque parte pollet et pariter potest, Afran. ap. Non. p. 375, 5 (Com. Rel. v. 226 Rib.):

causae utriusque figurae,

Lucr. 4, 503; 4, 1212:

quascumque (insulas) in liquentibus stagnis Marique vasto fert uterque Neptunus,

Cat. 31, 3:

parique fastigio steterit in utrāque fortunā,

Nep. Att. 14, 2:

docte sermones utriusque linguae,

Greek and Latin, Hor. C. 3, 8, 5; cf.:

insignis utriusque linguae monimentis,

Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

Quid... gentes ab utroque jacentes Oceano numerem?

Ov. M. 15, 829:

litora sub utroque jacentia Phoebo,

i. e. the rising and the setting sun, id. ib. 1, 338:

nutu (Jovis) tremefactus uterque Est polus,

id. F. 2, 489:

limes uterque poli,

Stat. Th. 1, 157:

deus est in utroque parente,

father and mother, Ov. M. 13, 147:

cum jam tempus esset deducendi ab Samnio exercitus aut utriusque aut certe alterius,

Liv. 10, 44, 6:

densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

Verg. A. 5, 460:

numen utriusque Dianae,

Mart. Spect. 13, 5.—

Esp. in the phrase in utramque partem, in either way or direction, on both sides, for and against, etc.:

vemens in utramque partem es nimis, Aut largitate nimiā aut parsimoniā,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 31:

magnam vim esse in fortunā in utramque partem, vel ad secundas res, vel ad adversas, quis ignorat,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19; 2, 10, 37:

in utramque partem disserere = pro et contra,

id. Rep. 3, 6, 4; id. de Or. 3, 27, 107:

utramque in partem multa dicuntur,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 124:

magna est vis conscientiae, et magna in utramque partem, ut neque timeant... et putent, etc.,

id. Mil. 23, 61:

suam sententiam in utramque partem esse tutam,

on either assumption, Caes. B. G. 5, 29.—

In gen.:

aequom'st, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur, Et mihi te et tibi me consulere,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

conveniunt adhuc utriusque verba,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 20:

verum utrique mos geratur amborum ex sententiā,

id. ib. 5, 69:

sed uterque (sapiens appellatus est) alio quodam modo,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

ut aut uterque inter se aut neuter satis duret,

id. Quint. 8, 30:

tu mihi videris utrumque facturus,

id. Rep. 2, 11, 22:

quare qui utrumque voluit et potuit,

id. ib. 3, 3, 6:

uterque cum equitatu veniret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

hic, qui utrumque probat, ambobus debuit uti,

Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 20: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 2;

opp. unus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

quod tibi non utriusque petenti copia facta'st,

Cat. 68, 39:

utque fide pignus dextras utriusque poposcit,

Ov. M. 6, 506:

vitium est utriusque,

Mart. 3, 27, 3:

cum esset et aequalis Mars utriusque,

id. Spect. 29, 2.—

Esp., in apposit. with nouns or clauses:

apud Antiphonem uterque, mater et pater, Quasi deditā operā domi erant,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 1:

Maecenas atque Coccejus, missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

Hor. S 1, 5, 28:

ego utrumque meum puto esse, et quid sentiam ostendere et quod feceris defendere,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25.—With pron. understood:

verum, Demea, Curemus aequam uterque partem,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50; so freq. with neutr. pron. where the gen. would be ambiguous (cf. 3. infra):

id utrumque tardum fructum reddit,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 176: quod (aquam et pabulum) utrumque large palus praebere poterat, Auct. B. Alex. 1 fin. —Once with nom. masc.: nam qui instat alicui... aut contra de alicujus periculo festinatur, is uterque infestus dicitur, Nigid. ap. Gell 9, 12, 6.—

With gen. part. (class. with pers. pronn., etc.; cf.

Zumpt, Gr. § 429): utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

Cic. Lael. 4, 16:

uterque nostrum id sibi suscipiendum putavit,

id. Sull. 4, 13:

horum uterque ita cecidit victus ut victor idem regnaverit... utrique horum secunda fortuna regnum est largita,

id. Har. Resp. 25, 54:

domus utriusque nostrum aedificatur strenue,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2: cum eorum, de quibus dicimus, aut utrumque, aut unum quodque certe concluditur verbo, etc., Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:

ante utriusque horum obitum,

Vell. 2, 103, 1; v. also I. B. 1. and 3. infra.—Also with substt., accompanied by adj. pron.:

earum enim rerum utramque a corde proficisci,

Cic. Div. 1, 52, 119:

quarum civitatum utraque foederata est,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 56:

quorum generum in utroque magnus noster Cato est,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 40:

utriusque harum rerum expers,

id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65.—Rarely with substt. alone ( poet. and post-Aug.):

et haec utinam Viscorum laudet uterque!

Hor. S. 1, 10, 83:

uterque legatorum et quisquis... remissi,

Vell. 2, 50, 3:

post utriusque adulescentium obitum,

id. 2, 103, 2:

obiit, utroque liberorum superstite, Tiberio Drusoque Neronibus,

Suet. Tib. 4 fin. —

In partic.

With plur. predic. (rare in the best prose; not in Cic.; cf.

infra): uterque insaniunt,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 31:

deinde uterque imperator in medium exeunt,

id. Am. 1, 1, 68; cf. Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 1, A, 2, b, supra:

facite ut uterque sublimiter stent,

Cato, R. R. 70, 2:

uterque eorum ex castris exercitum ducunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 30:

illae (naves) conflixerunt, ut utraque ex concursu laborarent,

id. ib. 2, 6:

uterque cum illo gravis inimicitias exercebant,

Sall. C. 49, 2:

utraque festinant,

Ov. M. 6, 59:

uterque ambigui,

Tac. H. 2, 97:

uterque opibus perviguere,

id. A. 4, 34:

decernitur ut uterque in regnum restituantur,

Just. 38, 3, 4; Val. Max. 5, 4, 6; Vell. 2, 66, 1; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 20; cf. plur. in consecutive clauses:

hic cum uterque me intueretur, seseque ad audiendum significarent paratos,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1 Madvig ad loc.:

quorum utrumque audivi, cum mihi nihil sane praeter sedulitatem probarent, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 5, 16.—

With predicate in first or second person (mostly post-Aug.):

sed uterque mensuram implevimus, ego et tu,

Tac. A. 14, 54 init.:

quid ergo inter me et te interest, si uterque habere volumus,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 1:

uterque magnum beneficium dedistis,

id. Contr. 4 (8), 24, 4:

quod uterque cuperemus,

Front. Ep. ad Am. 1, 5; cf. Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 14, II. B. infra.—

In reciprocal uses, one... the other, each... the other, either... the other, one another, etc.

Uterque repeated in another case (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.):

quia uterque utrique est cordi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 17:

cum uterque utrique esset exercitus in conspectu,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35 (al. uterque utrimque):

cum uterque utrique insidiaretur, Auct. B. Alex. 4, 1: uterque utrumque vituperato,

Varr. Fragm. p. 131 Durdr.—

With a case of alter:

ita est utraque res sine alterā debilis,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13:

quorum uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

id. Off. 1, 1, 4:

cum enim uterque alteri obiciat, palam est utrumque fecisse,

Quint. 11, 3, 168:

invictum tamen ab altero utrumque servavit,

Just. 6, 2, 9:

arceri utrumque genus ab altero narrant,

Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 171; Cels. 5, 26, 35 fin.; Ascon. ad Cic. Mil. § 30.—

Regularly of two parties, sets, or classes, each including a plurality: Praenestini et Lanuvini hospites: suopte utrosque decuit acceptos cibo, etc., Naev. ap. Macr. S. 3, 18, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 21 Rib.): non cauponantes bellum sed belligerantes, Ferro non auro vitam cernamus utrique, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 202 Vahl.):

utrosque pergnovi probe,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 50:

quoniam utrique Socratici et Platonici volumus esse,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

a quibus utrisque (actoribus et poëtis) summittitur aliquid, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 26, 102:

quos ego utrosque in eodem genere praedatorum direptorumque pono,

id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

his utrisque (Atrebatis et Viromanduis) persuaserant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 16:

Aetolorum utraeque manus Heracleam sese incluserunt,

Liv. 36, 16, 5; Sall. J. 76, 4:

utrique (plebis fautores et senatus) victoriam crudeliter exercebant,

id. C. 38, 4; Suet. Claud. 21; cf.: hic igitur Q. Ligarius... nunc a te supplex fratris salutem petit: quam hujus admonitus officio cum utrisque his dederis, tris fratres optimos... rei publicae condonaveris, i. e. two brothers on one side and Ligarius on the other, Cic. Lig. 12, 36:

Marius impigre suorum et hostium res pariter attendere, cognoscere, quid boni utrisque aut contra esset,

Sall. J. 88, 2: cujus flamma ut ab oppidanis et oppugnatoribus est visa, utrisque venit in opinionem, etc., Nep. Milt. 7, 3.—So with collective nouns:

primo impetu simul utraque cornua et Numidae pulsi,

Liv. 30, 8, 7; cf.:

utraque oppida,

id. 42, 54, 8:

utraeque nationes Rheno praetexuntur,

Tac. G. 34.—

Freq. also of two individual subjects, esp. when regarded as belonging together (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1175):

nec clam te est quam illi utraeque nunc inutiles Et ad pudicitiam et ad rem tutandam sient,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 52:

hoc beneficio utrique ab utrisque vero devincimini, Ut, etc.,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 14:

utrique imperatores exeunt,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 68 Ussing (Fleck., uterque imperator): sed qui utrosque error vos agitat, Expedibo, Pomp. ap. Non. 505, 7 (Com. Rel. v. 175 Rib.): suis utrisque superstitibus praesentibus istam viam dico, Leg. Form. ap. Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

binos habebam (scyphos): jnbeo promi utrosque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

duae fuerunt Ariovisti uxores... utraeque in eā fugā perierunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant (Q. Marcius et Q. Metellus),

Sall. C. 30, 4:

animus ferox inopia rei familiaris et conscientia scelerum, quae utraque eis artibus auxerat,

id. ib. 5, 7:

illa utrosque (patrem et aviam) intuens,

Tac. A. 16, 11; id. Or. 2:

palmas utrasque tetendit,

Verg. A. 6, 685:

quod utrorum Dionysiorum opibus Corinthi saepe adjuti fuerant,

Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

utrique (Mithridates et Datames) locum qui explorarent mittunt,

id. Dat. 2, 2:

laudare senis utraque consilia,

Liv. 9, 12, 2:

utrisque consulibus Italia decreta est,

id. 27, 22, 2:

in invidiā censores cum essent... Cn. Baebius diem ad populum utrisque dixit,

id. 29, 37, 17; 32, 17, 15; 34, 25, 5;

42, 54, 8: Suillium accusandis utrisque immittit,

Tac. A. 11, 1 init.:

Natalem multa cum Scaevino collocutum, et esse utrosque C. Pisonis intimos,

id. ib. 15, 55 fin.:

pater filiam, avia neptem, illa utrosque intuens,

id. ib. 16, 11:

nam Mago Cambyses aures utrasque praeciderat,

Just. 1, 9, 17; 9, 7, 8:

crederes imperatum, ut acies utraeque tela cohiberent,

Curt. 7, 4, 35.—Hence,

ŭtrōquĕ, adv.

Lit., of place, to both places, parts, or sides, in both directions:

utroque citius quam vellemus, cursum confecimus,

Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1:

exercitus utroque ducti,

Liv. 8, 29, 7:

jactantem utroque caput,

Verg. A. 5, 469:

nunc huc, nunc illuc et utroque sine ordine curro,

Ov. H. 10, 19:

nescit, utro potius ruat, et ruere ardet utroque,

id. M. 5, 166. —

Transf., in both directions, in either point of view, both ways, etc.:

auctores utroque trahunt,

Liv. 1, 24, 1:

medium maxime et moderatum utroque consilium,

id. 2, 30, 1:

utroque firmiores qui in callibus versentur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1.—