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21 voluntary
voluntary, US [transcription][-terI]B adj1 ( not imposed) [consent, control, recruit, euthanasia] volontaire ; [statement] spontané ; [agreement, ban] librement consenti ; [participation, attendance] facultatif/-ive ; [sanction] non obligatoire ; on a voluntary basis sur une base volontaire ; to resolve sth by voluntary means résoudre qch en faisant appel à la bonne volonté ;2 ( unpaid) [work, organization, agency, sector] bénévole ; voluntary worker travailleur/-euse m/f bénévole ; to work on a voluntary basis travailler bénévolement ;3 ( done by will) [movement] volontaire. -
22 voluntary
['vɒləntrɪ] [AE -terɪ] 1.1) (not imposed) [consent, euthanasia] volontario; [ statement] spontaneo; [agreement, ban] libero; [ participation] facoltativo; [ sanction] non obbligatorioon a voluntary basis — volontariamente, spontaneamente
2) (unpaid) [ work] volontario; [ organization] di volontariato; [ sector] del volontariato3) (done by will) [ movement] volontario2.nome mus. assolo m. di organo* * *['voləntəri, ]( American[) volən'teri]1) (done, given etc by choice, not by accident or because of being forced (often without pay): Their action was completely voluntary - nobody asked them to do that.) volontario2) (run, financed etc by such actions, contributions etc: He does a lot of work for a voluntary organization.) volontario•* * *['vɒləntrɪ] [AE -terɪ] 1.1) (not imposed) [consent, euthanasia] volontario; [ statement] spontaneo; [agreement, ban] libero; [ participation] facoltativo; [ sanction] non obbligatorioon a voluntary basis — volontariamente, spontaneamente
2) (unpaid) [ work] volontario; [ organization] di volontariato; [ sector] del volontariato3) (done by will) [ movement] volontario2.nome mus. assolo m. di organo -
23 voluntary
ˈvɔləntərɪ
1. прил.
1) добровольный;
добровольческий Syn: free-will, volunteer
2) бесплатный, неоплачиваемый, лобровольный, благотворительный (о работе)
3) содержащийся на добровольные взносы
4) намеренный, преднамеренный, сознательный, умышленный Syn: deliberate, intentional
5) физиол. произвольный
2. сущ.
1) добровольные действия, добровольная работа
2) сторонник принципа добровольности [см. voluntaryism ]
3) соло на органе (в начале или в конце церковной службы)
4) доброволец
5) а) произвольная программа( на соревнованиях) б) экспромт( книжное) добровольная работа;
добровольный акт( книжное) сторонник принципа добровольности (книжное) соло на органе (до, во время или после церковной службы) (книжное) произвольная программа (на соревнованиях) (книжное) номер по выбору исполнителя (книжное) экспромт, импровизация( книжное) факультативный экзамен доброволец, волонтер добровольный - * confession добровольное признание - * contributions добровольные взносы - * enlistment( военное) добровольное зачисление на военную службу - * jurisdiction (юридическое) добровольная подсудность - * settlement( юридическое) полюбовное соглашение имеющий свободу воли;
пользующийся свободой выбора - man is a * agent у человека есть свобода воли - he was a * agent in the matter в этом вопросе он действовал по собственной воле - he was not a * agent у него не было выбора сознательный, умышленный, преднамеренный - * manslaughter умышленное убийство - * discipline сознательная дисциплина часто( специальное) произвольный - * movement( физиологическое) произвольное движение - * muscle (анатомия) произвольно сокращающаяся мышца - * exercises( спортивное) произвольные упражнения неоплачиваемый, безвозмездный( о работе) ;
общественный, добровольный;
благотворительный - * worker человек, выполняющий работу без оплаты;
общественный работник - * assistants /helpers/ общественники, добровольные помощники (в школе, больнице и т. п.) - * society общественная или благотворительная организация;
добровольное общество( юридическое) безвозмездный;
без встречного удовлетворения - * conveyance передача прав без встречного удовлетворения - * grantee лицо, которому безвозмездно передается право на что-л. содержащийся на добровольные взносы, на частные средства - * schools школы, содержащиеся на средства частной благотворительности - * churches церкви, отделенные от государства и содержащиеся на средства верующих (редкое) стихийный, спонтанный;
непроизвольный voluntary без встречного удовлетворения ~ безвозмездный;
не имеющий встречного удовлетворения ~ безвозмездный ~ добровольные действия, добровольная работа ~ добровольный;
добровольческий ~ добровольный ~ имеющий свободу выбора ~ намеренный, сознательный, умышленный ~ неоплачиваемый ~ физиол. произвольный;
voluntary muscles произвольные мышцы ~ содержащийся на добровольные взносы;
voluntary school школа, содержащаяся на добровольные взносы ~ сознательный, умышленный;
voluntary waste умышленная порча ~ соло на органе (в начале или в конце церковной службы) ~ сторонник принципа добровольности (см. voluntaryism) ~ физиол. произвольный;
voluntary muscles произвольные мышцы ~ содержащийся на добровольные взносы;
voluntary school школа, содержащаяся на добровольные взносы ~ сознательный, умышленный;
voluntary waste умышленная порча waste: voluntary ~ умышленная порчаБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > voluntary
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24 movement
движение; передвижение; перевозки ( воинские) ; переброска; марш; маневр; ( строевой) прием; см. тж. marchair passenger movement (service-sponsored personnel) — воздушные перевозки военнослужащих и их семей
change of ga(u)ge rail movement — железнодорожные перевозки с перестановкой вагонов на колею другой ширины
rest movement (while marching) — свободное движение в строю [нестроевым шагом]
— logistical movement— tactical movements -
25 voluntary retrograde movement
Военный термин: отход по собственной инициативе, преднамеренный отходУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > voluntary retrograde movement
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26 voluntary retrograde movement
отход по собственной инициативе, преднамеренный отходEnglish-Russian military dictionary > voluntary retrograde movement
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27 asleep
əˈsli:p прил.;
предик.
1) спящий to be asleep ≈ спать to fall asleep ≈ заснуть They fell asleep into delicious dreams. ≈ Они погрузились в царство приятных сновидений. No voluntary movement is sustained when we are asleep. ≈ Ни одно непроизвольное движение не фиксируется в состоянии сна.
2) бездеятельный, вялый, тупой, апатичный
3) затекший( о руке, ноге) The hand or foot is asleep in case of numbness or diminution of sensibility. ≈ О руке или о ноге говорят, что она затекла в случае онемения или понижения чувствительности.спящий - fast * спящий крепким сном - to be * спать - to fall * заснуть - to lull a child * укачивать ребенка (эвфмеизм) усопший;
умерший тупой, вялый, апатичный - he is * to the danger он совершенно не понимает опасности затекший, онемевший( о руке, ноге) > to be * at the switch спать на посту;
халатно относиться к своим обязанностямasleep a predic. затекший (о руке, ноге) ~ a predic. спящий;
to be asleep спать;
to fall asleep заснуть ~ a predic. тупой, вялый~ a predic. спящий;
to be asleep спать;
to fall asleep заснуть~ a predic. спящий;
to be asleep спать;
to fall asleep заснуть fall: ~ глагол-связка становиться;
to fall dumb онеметь;
to fall silent замолчать;
to fall asleep заснуть -
28 asleep
[ə'sliːp]прил.; предик.1) спящийThey fell asleep into delicious dreams. — Они погрузились в царство приятных сновидений.
No voluntary movement is sustained when we are asleep. — Ни одно произвольное движение не фиксируется в состоянии сна.
2) бездеятельный, вялый, апатичный3) затекший (о руке, ноге)The hand or foot is asleep in case of numbness or diminution of sensibility. — О руке или о ноге говорят, что она затекла, в случае онемения или понижения чувствительности.
•Gram:[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]asleep[/ref] -
29 asleep
[ə'sliːp]adjThey fell asleep into delicious dreams. — Они погрузились в царство приятных сновидений.
No voluntary movement is sustained when we are asleep. — Ни одно произвольное движение не фиксируется в состоянии сна.
- be asleep- fall asleepUSAGE:see afraid, adj; USAGE (1.), (2.). -
30 spontaneous
spɔnˈteɪnjəs прил.
1) самопроизвольный spontaneous combustion spontaneous generation Syn: self-acting
2) добровольный He made a spontaneous offer of help. ≈ Он от чистого сердца предложил свою помощь. Syn: voluntary
1., free-will
3) непосредственный, непринужденный;
стихийный;
неподготовленный, спонтанный Nothing he says is spontaneous - he always thinks before he speaks. ≈ Среди его высказываний нет ни одного необдуманного, он всегда тщательно обдумывает, что он скажет. Syn: impromptu
2., unpremeditated, unrehearsed, natural
1., unplanned, extemporaneous
4) бот. дикорастущий, дикий самопроизвольный, стихийный;
спонтанный - * combustion самовоспламенение, самовозгорание - * gangrene (медицина) самопроизвольная /спонтанная/ гангрена - * generation самозарождение - * movement стихийное движение - * recovery from a severe illness опасная болезнь прошла сама по себе добровольный, не принужденный - he made a * offer of his services он добровольно предложил свои услуги непроизвольный, непосредственный - * admiration искреннее восхищение - * suggestion невольное предположение (ботаника) дикорастущий, дикий spontaneous добровольный ~ непосредственный, непринужденный;
стихийный;
spontaneous enthusiasm искренний энтузиазм ~ самопроизвольный, спонтанный;
spontaneous combustion самовозгорание;
spontaneous generation самозарождение ~ самопроизвольный ~ стихийный ~ непосредственный, непринужденный;
стихийный;
spontaneous enthusiasm искренний энтузиазм ~ самопроизвольный, спонтанный;
spontaneous combustion самовозгорание;
spontaneous generation самозарождение ~ movement порыв ~ movement стихийное движениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > spontaneous
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31 system
1) система2) установка; устройство•- 2D design system
- 2-D draughting system
- 2D milling CAM system
- 3 nonsimultaneous axes control system
- 3D CAD system
- 3D design system
- 3D milling CAM system
- 3-D surface-modeling system
- 3-D system
- abrasive waterjet cutting system
- absolute control system
- absolute dimension measuring system
- accident-protection system
- accountancy system
- accounting data system
- ACO system
- acoustic feedback control system
- acquisition system
- active enclosure system
- adaptable system
- adaptive CNC system
- adaptive control constraint system
- adaptive control system
- adaptive pulsing system
- adaptive robot system
- add-on NC programming system
- administrative information data system
- administrative information system
- ADR system
- advanced command data system
- advanced data analysis system
- advanced data display system
- advanced display system
- advanced integrated data system
- advanced interactive debugging system
- advanced management information system
- advisory system
- AGV system
- air flotation system
- air-bearing system
- air-cooling system
- air-delivery system
- air-gaging system
- airlock system
- air-oil mist lubrication system
- air-plasma arc-profiling system
- air-purge system
- alarm system
- all-enveloping guard system
- analog computing system
- analog recording system
- angstrom-positioning system
- antideflection system
- antilock brake system
- antisag system
- application-specific system
- APT generating expert system
- Archimedes system
- array system
- AS/RS system
- assembly management system
- assembly system
- attitude display system
- autolube system
- automated communications and messages processing system
- automated design and optimization of control system
- automated design system
- automated digital design system
- automated industrial management system
- automated information data system
- automated information dissemination system
- automated information retrieval system
- automated inventory distribution system
- automated machining system
- automated management information system
- automated management system
- automated measuring system
- automated parts input-output system
- automated reliability and maintenance management system
- automated storage control system
- automatic alignment-and-centering system
- automatic call distribution system
- automatic CAM system
- automatic chuck-changing system
- automatic data acquisition system
- automatic data distribution system
- automatic data system
- automatic diagnostic-and-recovery system
- automatic display plotting system
- automatic distributive numerical control system
- automatic fixturing system
- automatic gaging-and-compensating system
- automatic measurement-and-compensation system
- automatic message accounting system
- automatic message distribution system
- automatic pallet storage/retrieval system
- automatic program transfer system
- automatic record evaluation system
- automatic telemetry system
- automatic test analysis system
- automatic test system
- automatic testing, evaluating and reporting system
- automatic tool cassette changer system
- automatic tool retraction system
- automatic tool retraction/correction/reentry system
- automatic tool wear/tool broken sensing system
- automatically taught system
- automation system
- autonomous system
- autopatch system
- AWS system
- axis drive system
- axis motor system
- axis-stopping system
- backlash-free friction system
- back-to-back system
- balance system
- balanced system of forces
- balanced system
- bar feed system
- bar pulling system
- bar pusher system
- barring coding system
- base coordinate system
- base data system
- base file system
- base operating information system
- basic disk operating system
- basic hole system
- basic input/output system
- basic NC system
- basic programming system
- basic shaft system
- batching system
- batch-machining system
- battery system
- BCC management information system
- beam delivery system
- belt turnover system
- belt twist system
- binary system
- binary vision system
- biped robotic system
- block-tool system
- block-type tool change system
- bonded stores system
- boring system
- bought-in control system
- brake system
- branch information system
- breakaway system
- breathing system
- broad system of ordering
- BTA deep-hole-drilling system
- BTA-style deep-hole-drilling system
- bug-free system
- building block system
- bulk system
- business information system
- buy-and-plug-in system
- C/C system
- cable and hose carrying system
- CAD access system
- CAD system
- CAD/CAM system
- CAD/CAM/CAE and product data management system
- CAD/CAM/CAE system
- CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- CADAR system
- CAD-integrating system
- CAD-only system
- CAE system
- CAE/CAD/CAM system
- CAG system
- CAM system
- cam-and-lever system
- capacitance-based measuring system
- CAPP system
- capture system
- carrierband system
- cart/pallet transfer system
- Cartesian coordinate system
- cassette jaw-change system
- cell control system
- cell management system
- cell-type system
- cellular manufacturing system
- central analog data distributing and controlling system
- central automatic message accounting system
- central storage system
- centralized control system
- centralized coolant and extractor system
- centralized swarf conveying system
- centralized swarf removal system
- chain conveyor system
- check system
- checking system
- checkout system
- chiller system
- chip conveyor system
- chip guard system
- chip-evacuation system
- chuck/chuck jaw changing system
- chucking system
- chuck-jaw system
- chuck-loading system
- CIM system
- circular monitoring system
- circular part-processing system
- circulating lubrication system
- circulating oil system
- circulation system
- clamping system
- closed cooling system
- closed loop control system
- closed loop machine control system
- closed loop size control system
- closed loop system
- closed-proprietary system
- CM system
- CNC hardware system
- CNC machine tool system
- CNC programming system
- CNC system
- CNC transfer system
- CNC-ACC system
- CNC-control system
- coherent system of units
- collecting system
- collet pad top jaw system
- combined cooling system
- combined production system
- command-line NC system
- commercial vision system
- communication system
- companion system
- comprehensive power measurement system
- computer analysis and design system
- computer automation real-time operating system
- computer data communication system
- computer NC system
- computer system
- computer vision system
- computer-aided design support system
- computer-aided dispatch system
- computer-aided gaging system
- computer-aided programming system
- computer-aided telemetry system
- computer-aided test system
- computer-assisted command system
- computer-assisted message processing system
- computer-assisted microfilm retrieval system
- computer-assisted operation sequence planning system
- computer-automated machine-tool system
- computer-automated test system
- computer-based management system
- computer-based message system
- computer-controlled materials-handling system
- computer-controlled system
- computer-coordinated measuring system
- computer-directed swing-arm tool-changing system
- computer-driven control system
- computer-hosted manufacturing system
- computer-integrated manufacturing system
- computer-integrated system
- computerized information retrieval system
- computerized machine control system
- computerized manufacturing system
- computerized numerical control system
- computerized production control system
- computerized shopfloor data collection system
- computer-oriented production management system
- computer-oriented system
- computing system
- concurrent force system
- conductor system
- conservative system
- constant delivery system
- constant volume system
- constant-contact scanning system
- constraint satisfaction system
- continuous feedback control system
- continuous flow system
- continuous-path CNC system
- continuous-path control system
- contouring control system
- contouring system
- controlled path system
- controlling system
- conventional ACC system
- conversational analysis and drafting system
- conveying system
- conveyor system
- conveyoring system
- conveyorized work-handling system
- coolant clarification system
- coolant laundering system
- coolant mist system
- coolant recirculating system
- coolant recovery system
- coolant recycling system
- coolant supply system
- coolant-circulating system
- coolant-thru-body system
- cooling system
- coordinate drive system
- coordinate system
- coprocessor board system
- copymill control system
- corporate information and office system
- coupling system
- CPS system
- CRT control system
- CRT system
- customer-oriented system
- customized FMS control system
- cut-piece transfer system
- cycloidal tooth system
- data base management system
- data communication system
- data control system
- data input management system
- data management system
- data origination system
- data processing system
- data retrieval system
- data transfer system
- datum system for geometrical tolerancing
- datum system
- DDM system
- decentralized DNC system
- decision enabling system
- decision support system
- dedicated production system
- deep-hole-drilling system
- defect-free machining system
- delivery system
- demand pull flexible system
- demand push flexible system
- departmental management system
- descaling system
- design coordinate system
- design support system
- design-automation system
- design-for-manufacturing system
- design-with-feature system
- desk-top publishing system
- deterministic system
- dexel-based system
- diagnostic communication control system
- diagnostic computer control system
- dialog system
- diamond-lapping system
- digital readout system
- digitizing system
- digitizing/data capture system
- dimensional verification system
- direct impingement starting system
- direct lubrication system
- direct NC system
- discrete-continuous system
- dispatcher system
- distributed computer system
- distributed mass-spring system
- distributed microprocessor system
- distributed processing system
- distributed quality system
- distributed system
- distributive numerical control system
- DNC flexible machining system
- DNC machine control system
- DNC machine tool control system
- DNC system
- DNC/FM system
- document processing system
- document retrieval system
- document search system
- domain-expert system
- Doppler system
- DOS CAM system
- double tube system
- dowel pin system
- DRO system
- drop-feed-lubrication system
- DTP system
- dual laser optical system
- dual laser referencing system
- dual system
- dual-beam LDDM system
- dual-pallet shuttle system
- dual-shaft electric propulsion system
- dynamic beam focusing laser system
- dynamic data system
- dynamic mapping system
- early warning system
- eddy current damper system
- edge-sensing system
- edge-type positioning system
- eight-station pallet system
- electrical contact tracing system
- electrofluidic control system
- emergency protection system
- enclosure system
- encoder checking system
- endpoint locating system
- energy-adaptive system
- energy-saving drive system
- engine starting system
- entry-level NC system
- environmental control system
- equivalent rigid link system
- equivalent systems of forces
- ESD system
- estimating system
- example-driven system
- expert control system
- expert process planning system
- expert system
- external box system
- extractor system
- fact retrieval system
- factory automation system
- fault detection system
- fault-signal system
- FBG system
- feasibility routing system
- feature-based CAM system
- feature-based system
- feed system
- feedback control system
- feedback gaging system
- feedback position control system
- feedback system
- feed-drive system
- feedforward compensatory control system
- feed-only AC system
- feed-overriding system
- FFS system
- file control system
- finite capacity scheduling system
- fixed coordinate system
- fixed-feature NC system
- fixed-rail system
- fixture design system
- fixture system
- fixturing system
- flanged pipe system
- flexible assembly system
- flexible automated manufacturing system
- flexible automation system
- flexible computer-controlled robotic system
- flexible fabricating system
- flexible fixturing system
- flexible handling system
- flexible laser optical system
- flexible laser system
- flexible lathe system
- flexible machine system
- flexible machining center system
- flexible machining system
- flexible manufacturing system
- flexible NC system
- flexible press system
- flexible tooling system
- flexible transfer system
- flexible turning system
- flood coolant system
- flow-line production system
- flow-type manufacturing system
- fluid management system
- fluid power system
- flush-type cooling system
- fly system
- FMS operating system
- FMS/CAD/CAM system
- FMS-type production system
- force measurement system
- force sensory system
- force system
- force-sensing system
- forecasting system
- four-station pallet system
- four-tier quality system
- FROG navigation system
- FROG system
- full-blown system
- fully specified system
- gage system
- gaging computer system
- gaging-and-compensating system
- gantry loading system
- gantry-based turning system
- gantry-style motion system
- gas-turbine starting system
- gating system
- gear roller system
- gear system
- gear testing system
- general information retrieval system
- generative planning system
- generic control system
- generic messaging system
- generic system
- glass fiber system
- glazing system
- goal-seeking system
- graphic numerical control system
- graphic processing system
- graphics system
- graphics-oriented system
- grating measuring system
- gravity oil system
- gray scale imaging system
- grinder vision system
- group control system
- guarding system
- guidance system
- guiding system
- handling system
- handwriting-input system
- hard-automated system
- hardware NC system
- hardware support system
- head change system
- head changer system
- head-changing flexible manufacturing system
- help system
- hierarchical coding system
- hierarchical control system
- hierarchical information control system
- high-noise-immunity system
- high-rise system
- high-speed positioning system
- high-speed-processor control system
- high-volume system
- Hirth gear-tooth system
- holding system
- holding tool system
- hole system
- holonomic system
- host computer-assisted programming system
- host distributive numerical control system
- hybrid computing system
- hydraulic oil system
- hydraulic system
- hydraulic-circuit system
- hypertext system
- ID system
- IDNC system
- illumination system
- image detection system
- image processing system
- imaging system
- IMC system
- immersion-washing system
- inconsistent system of equations
- incremental measuring system
- index system
- indirect lubrication system
- individual lubrication system
- inductive telemetry system
- inductively guided cart system
- industrial vision system
- in-feed system
- inference system
- in-floor chip-disposal system
- information infrastructure system
- information logical system
- information processing system
- information storage and retrieval system
- information system
- information-gathering system
- information-management system
- information-sharing system
- infrared imaging system
- infrared system
- in-house minicomputer system
- in-house system
- inlet control system
- in-process gaging system
- in-process sensing system
- in-process storage system
- insert-selection system
- instrumentation system
- insulating system
- integral movement monitoring system
- integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- integrated CAM system
- integrated circuit numerical control system
- integrated computer system
- integrated information system
- integrated machine system
- integrated machining system
- integrated manufacturing and assembly system
- integrated manufacturing system
- integrated NC machine system
- integrated production system
- integrated sensor system
- intelligent control system
- interactive control system
- interactive graphics processing system
- interactive manufacturing control system
- interconnection system
- interdepartmental communication system
- interferometer measuring system
- interlocking system
- interrupt-driven system
- inventory-management system
- involute tooth system
- IR fault-signal system
- IR system
- ISO system of limits and tolerances
- isolated word recognition system
- jig boring measuring system
- job shop-type flexible system
- joint-actuation system
- just-in-time production system
- kanban pull system
- kinetic control system
- kitting system
- knowledge base management system
- knowledge system
- knowledge-based information system
- knowledge-based system
- krypton laser system
- labeling system
- labor-intensive system
- language-based NC system
- laser beam orientation system
- laser beam positioning system
- laser calibration system
- laser combination energy system
- laser digitizing system
- laser driving system
- laser full automated system
- laser inspection system
- laser interferometer measuring system
- laser machining system
- laser metalworking system
- laser micrometer system
- laser monitoring system
- laser mount system
- laser optical transformation system
- laser pulse power system
- laser pump system
- laser referencing system
- laser thread measurement system
- laser transducer system
- laser-cutting system
- laser-gaging system
- layered control system
- LDDM system
- lead screw drive system
- learning system
- library reference system
- library system
- light guide system
- light recognition system
- line motion control system
- line motion system
- line path system
- linear index system
- linear system of constant coefficients
- linear time invariant system
- linear time-varying system
- linear-encoder-equipped system
- LMFC system
- load/unload system
- loading robot system
- load-monitoring system
- local communications system
- logistics system
- look-up table system
- low-loss optical system
- low-volume lubricant delivery system
- lube system
- lubrication system with continuous delivery
- lubrication system with cyclic delivery
- lubrication system with performance control
- lubrication system without performance control
- lubrication system
- M system
- machine control system
- machine coordinate system
- machine health-monitoring system
- machine management system
- machine surveillance system
- machine tool capability-conditioning system
- machine tool system
- machine vision system
- machine/control system
- machine/tool/workpiece system
- machine-flexible system
- machine-zero reference system
- machining-cell system
- magnetic control system
- magnetic shaft suspension system
- main control system
- maintenance tracking system
- make-up system
- management control system
- management information system
- management system
- management-and-manufacturing system
- managerial reporting system
- man-computer system
- man-machine system
- man-plus-machine system
- manual data input system
- manual programming system
- manufacturing execution system
- manufacturing optimization system
- manufacturing software system
- manufacturing system
- many-degrees-of-freedom system
- many-variable system
- mass-elastic system
- master manufacturing control system
- master-slave control system
- material flow system
- material movement system
- material storage system
- materials-handling control system
- materials-handling system
- matrix array system
- matrix-type system
- MDI contouring control system
- MDI control system
- MDI NC system
- mean line system
- measurement/inspection system
- measuring coordinate system
- measuring system
- measuring/compensation system
- mechanical interface coordinate system
- memory NC system
- memory system
- menu drive system
- menu system
- menu-driven programming system
- metalforming production system with robots
- metalworking laser system
- metamorphic system
- metareasoning system
- metering system
- metrology system
- MIC system
- micro CAD/CAM programming system
- microadjustment system
- microchip-managed control system
- microdispensing system
- microintegrated system
- microload system
- micropackaged distributed system
- microprocessor based system
- microprocessor CNC system
- microprocessor system
- microprocessor-development system
- microstep control system
- microwave drill detection system
- milling CAM system
- milling system
- minicomputer-based numerical control system
- minicomputer-based system
- minicomputer-based test system
- miniload automated storage and retrieval system
- miniload system
- minimal constraint system
- minimum phase shift system
- mist-cooling system
- mixed forging-machining system
- mobility system
- model reference adaptive system
- moderately sized manufacturing system
- modular clamping system
- modular component tooling system
- modular fixture system
- modular holding system
- modular system
- modular tooling system
- modular work holding system
- monitoring system
- monorail material handling system
- motor position sensing system
- mounting system
- MPM system
- MRC system
- MRP system
- MS-DOS system
- multiaxis laser system
- multimachine system
- multimedia system
- multinetwork system
- multipallet system
- multiple computer system
- multiple laser technology system
- multiple pallet changer system
- multiple pallet handling system
- multiple parts feeding system
- multiple sensory system
- multiple spindle head handling-and-changing system
- multiple system of indexing
- multiple-gun spraying system
- multipoint lubrication system
- multipoint network control system
- multiprocessing system
- multiprocessor NC system
- multiprocessor system
- multiproduct manufacturing system
- multiprofile tool system
- multiprogramming system
- multirobot system
- multisensor system
- multiserver queueing system
- multistage system
- multitasking control system
- multiterminal system
- multiuser system
- multivendor information system
- multiwindowing software system
- Nagare system
- narrowly defined expert system
- national information system
- navigation system
- NC contouring system
- NC machine system
- NC part-programming system
- NC system
- NC tooling system
- NC/TP system
- nesting system
- network computer system
- network switching system
- network system
- noise diagnostic system
- noncircular copy-turning system
- noncompensated system
- noncontact laser marking system
- noncontact microwave system
- nonexpert system
- non-NC system
- numerical computer control system
- numerical contour control system
- numerical control system
- numerically controlled tool point system
- object-oriented system
- office system
- office-based programming system
- off-line adviser-type expert system
- off-line programming system
- off-line system
- off-the-shelf system
- oil mist system
- oil scavenge system
- oil system
- oil wash system
- oil-recirculating system
- oligarchical manufacturing system
- OLP system
- one man/one machine system
- one man-one operation-one job system
- one-machine flexible system
- one-piece tape spar-measuring system
- one-shot lubrication system
- on-line information system
- on-line process system
- on-line retrieval system
- on-line system
- on-line tool control system
- on-machine gaging system
- on-machine probing system
- on-off control system
- open architecture system
- open cooling system
- open system
- open-front system
- open-loop control system
- operating system
- operational system
- operator guidance system
- operator-controlled NC system
- optical detection system
- optical laser ranging system
- optical MAP system
- optical measurement/inspection system
- optical recognition system
- optical system for laser processing
- optical tracer backup system
- optical transmission system
- opti-feed system
- optimal-position control system
- order-driven system
- order-entry system
- order-picking system
- oscillating system
- oscillatory system
- out-feed system
- output collecting system
- overall system
- p.-t.-p. NC system
- package confinement system
- paging system
- pallet conveyor system
- pallet gripper system
- pallet ID system
- pallet storage system
- pallet storage/changer system
- pallet/platen transfer system
- pallet/robot flexible-machining system
- pallet-based materials handling system
- pallet-based system
- pallet-changer system
- pallet-coding system
- pallet-handling system
- palletized tool magazine system
- pallet-loading system
- pallet-moving system
- pallet-shuttle change system
- pallet-transfer system
- pallet-transport system
- paperless NC system
- parallel force system
- parallel lubrication system
- parametric CNC system
- part flow system
- part handling-and-storage system
- part program-editing system
- part queue system
- part-conveying system
- partial laser system
- part-programming system
- part-retrieval system
- passively mode-locked laser system
- path control system of a machine
- path control system
- pattern recognition system
- pattern tracing system
- pattern-directed system
- PC system
- PC-based CAD system
- PC-based vision system
- pendant-mounted CNC system
- perceptual system
- permanent electro system
- personal computer-based robotic vision system
- phase switching control system
- photogrammetric vision system
- photooptic tracing system
- photooptical tracing system
- piece rate system
- plane system of forces
- planner-oriented system
- plant-integration system
- platen system
- platform-independent CAM system
- playback system
- plugboard control system
- plugboard programming system
- point-to-point system
- popular laser system
- position control system
- positioning control system
- postprocess inspection system
- postprocess system
- postprocess-feedback gaging system
- potentiometer-setting system
- power generating system
- power system
- powered clamping system
- powered track system
- powerful robot system
- precision positioning system
- predictive machinability system
- predictive maintenance system
- pre-emptive system
- pregaging system
- preload system
- preset tooling system
- presetting system
- prismatic flexible manufacturing system
- prismatic machining system
- probe communication system
- problem-oriented information system
- process planning system
- process-flexible system
- production control system
- production expert system
- production-monitoring system
- productions system
- product-testing system
- programmable automation system
- programmable control system
- programmable logic control system
- programmable power monitoring system
- programmed sequence control system
- programming system
- proof-of-concept system
- proprietary NC system
- propulsion system
- propulsive system
- protection system
- prototype system
- prototyping system
- pull system of production
- pull system
- punch tape NC system
- purpose-made materials feeding system
- push system
- qualitative system
- quality control system
- quality system
- quantity produced systems
- question-and-answer system
- question-answering system
- queuing system
- quick-change system
- quick-change workpiece-fixturing system
- quick-change-cutter system
- rack system
- rack-picking system
- rail-borne robotic handling system
- rail-guided transport system
- random mission system
- random mix system
- random order system
- ranging system
- readout system
- ready-to-go system
- real-time vision system
- recirculation system
- rectangular coordinate system
- rectangular triordinate system
- reeving system
- reference retrieval system
- reference system
- reflecting high-power beam optical system
- register system
- registration system
- relay ladder logic system
- reporting system
- reprographic system
- resolver system
- restraint system
- RETIC system
- retrieval system
- retrofit system
- return spring system
- RGV pallet delivery system
- rigid track workpiece transport system
- rigid transfer system
- robot control system
- robot gantry storage-and-retrieval system
- robot learning system
- robot parts-handling system
- robot system
- robot teaching system
- robot tool changing system
- robot-based turning system
- robotic system
- robotic vision system
- robotics CAD system
- robotized metalforming system
- robot-like inspection system
- robot-measuring system
- rod memory system
- roller system
- roll-generating system
- rotary transfer system
- rotary-type tool-mounting system
- rotational system
- routing-flexible system
- rule-based expert system
- running fail-safe system
- running system
- run-time system
- safety actuation system
- safety system
- scale back system
- seam tracking laser processing system
- seam-tracking system
- security system
- selective assembly system
- selective control system
- self-adapting system
- self-contained starting system
- self-contained system
- self-monitoring measuring system
- self-optimizing adaptive control system
- self-programming NC system
- self-teaching system
- self-test system
- sensing system
- sensor system
- sensor-based system
- sensory control system
- sensory feedback system
- sensory interactive system
- sensory-processing system
- sentence recognition system
- sequencing control system
- sequential control system
- series lubrication system
- service system
- servo control system
- servo drive system
- servo positioning system
- servo transducer system
- servo-controlled blade-feed-pressure system
- setting system
- SFP system
- shaft system
- shared tools system
- shopfloor communication message system
- shopfloor part-programming system
- shopfloor programming system
- shopfloor-programming control system
- short-closed oil system
- shuttle car system
- shuttle system
- shuttle-type container system
- side-loading pallet system
- sign system
- signature-analysis system
- silhouetting system
- single system
- single-board computer system
- single-cell system
- single-line lubrication system
- single-point lubrication system
- single-stage system
- single-tube system
- single-unit machining system
- single-variable system
- sinking system
- six-station pallet system
- size-monitoring system
- skidless system
- skid-type system
- small knowledge system
- small scale system
- small-batch manufacturing system
- sociotechnical system
- software-based system
- software-operating system
- solid model CAD system
- solid modeling system
- solids-based system
- sonic digitizing system
- space-monitoring sensor system
- special-purpose CNC system
- special-purpose material handling system
- speech-understanding system
- spindle airblast system
- spindle-probe system
- splash lubrication system
- split-type of tooling system
- spray lubrication system
- sprocket-chain system
- stabilization system
- stabilizing system
- stacking system
- stand-alone system
- standard control system
- standard unit system
- starting system
- statistical process control system
- steady-state system
- stepping motor drive system
- stocker system
- stocking system
- stop-bolt locking system
- storage system
- storage-and-retrieval system
- storage-retrieval system
- straight cut control system
- straight-line control system
- stress calculations infinite element system
- structurally stable system
- structurally unstable system
- stub-tooth system
- subloop system
- supervision system
- supervisory computer control system
- supervisory control system
- surface-measurement system
- surveillance system
- suspension system
- swarf conveyance system
- swarf-management system
- swarf-removal system
- switching system
- synthetic vision system
- system of dimensioning
- system of forces
- system of limits and fits
- system of quantities
- system of the machine retaining devices
- system of units
- tactile sensing system
- tailored NC system
- tailor-made system
- tape-oriented system
- target system
- teach system
- teachable-logic control system
- teaching system
- teach-mode programming system
- technology-intensive system
- telecommunication system
- telemetry gage system
- telemetry system
- teleoperated system
- telepresence system
- telerobotic system
- ten-station pallet system
- term system
- test system
- testing system
- text organizing system
- thermal control system
- thermal enclosure system
- thermal propulsion system
- thread measurement system
- thread measuring system
- three-dimensional CAM system
- three-dimensional coordinate system
- three-wire thread measuring system
- through feed system
- through-the-tool system
- time control system
- time cycle system
- time-shared system
- time-sharing NC programming system
- time-sharing system
- tool animation system
- tool breakage prevention system
- tool change system
- tool condition monitoring system
- tool coolant system
- tool deflection calibration system
- tool identification tag system
- tool life control system
- tool life management system
- tool magazine exchanger system
- tool management system
- tool position-compensating system
- tool shank cleaning system
- tool storage and transport system
- tool storage/management system
- tool-associated system
- tool-clamp system
- tool-holder-work system
- tool-ID system
- tooling AGV system
- tooling system
- tool-in-hand system
- tool-in-use system
- tool-machine system
- tool-monitoring system
- tool-mounting system
- tool-presetting system
- tool-probing system
- tool-to-turret connection system
- tool-transfer system
- torque-monitoring system
- total system
- total-loss lubrication system
- touch-probe digitizer system
- touch-probe digitizing system
- touch-probe system
- towline cart system
- towline conveyor system
- towline handling system
- towline material handling system
- towline transfer system
- tracer control system
- tracing system
- track system
- tracking/scheduling system
- track-monitoring system
- transfer system
- translating system
- transmission system
- transporter system
- traverse-metering system
- tray-type transfer system
- triangulation system
- tribomechanical system
- tri-level stocker system
- triordinate system
- trolley control system
- trouble-free control system
- T-slot system
- tuned system
- turning system
- turning-and-chucking system
- turnkey computer control system
- turnkey system
- turret probing system
- turret tooling system
- two-line lubrication system
- two-machine system
- two-pallet exchange system
- two-shift system
- two-tier inspection system
- unattended machining system
- unattended production system
- uncertain system
- unified system
- unit bore system
- unit system
- unit-build system
- unit-load automated storage and retrieval system
- unit-load system
- UNIX-based 32-bit computer system
- unmonitored control system
- unstable system
- user identification system
- user's CAD system
- V coding system
- vacuum system
- variable pallet system
- variable-coefficient system
- variable-gain ACC system
- variable-mission system
- versatile data acquisition system
- vertical carousel system
- vertical rotating warehouse system
- vibration system
- vibratory system
- video measuring system
- video-based measurement system
- viewing system
- virtual design system
- virtual storage system
- vision guidance system
- vision metrology system
- vision optical system
- vision sensor system
- vision system
- vision tool-presetting system
- vision-based inspection system
- vision-based system
- visual computing system
- visual inspection system
- VME-based system
- voice data entry system
- voice system
- voice-input system
- volume-flexible system
- volume-metric lubrication system
- voluntary standards system
- warehousing system
- warning protection system
- warning system
- wash system
- waste material treatment system
- watchdog system
- waterjet system
- way-lubrication system
- wedge-locked tool clamping system
- wheelhead-measuring system
- windowing system
- wire-cut system
- wire-frame CAD system
- wire-guided transport system
- wire-guided trolley routing system
- word recognition system
- work infeed system
- work transfer system
- work transport system
- workhandling system
- work-holding system
- workpiece-cleaning system
- workstation-oriented CNC system
- zero error position systemEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > system
-
32 community economics
эк., соц. местная экономика* (использование местного сообщества (города, деревни) как самостоятельного экономического образования, максимально независимого от национальных или глобальных поставщиков)The movement for a ‘community economics’ is well underway in the industrial world as well. — "Местная экономика" становится все более популярной и в развитых странах.
Fundamental to community economics is local access to food supply. — Ключевую роль для местной экономики играет локальное производство продуктов питания.
Syn:See: -
33 VHM
1) Спорт: Virtual Hit Man2) Физиология: Voice Health Monitor, Voluntary Head Movement3) Безопасность: Virus Help Munich4) Аэропорты: Vilhelmina, Sweden5) НАСА: Vector Helium Magnetometer6) Программное обеспечение: Virtual Hacking Machine -
34 cartel
n ек. картель; a картельнийгрупа розрізнених підприємств однієї галузі (industry²), які об'єдналися для встановлення цін, обсягу виробництва, поділу ринків збуту тощо; ♦ мета картелю — зменшити конкуренцію (competition) і забезпечити максимальні прибутки (profit)═════════■═════════bidding cartel картель для розподілу державних замовлень серед фірм-учасниць; compulsory cartel примусовий картель; crisis cartel кризовий картель; export cartel експортний картель; international cartel міжнародний картель; open cartel відкритий картель; price cartel картель, який контролює ціни фірм-учасниць • ціновий картель; recession cartel картель, який діє в період економічної кризи; sales cartel збутовий картель; tender cartel картель для розподілу державних замовлень серед фірм-учасниць; voluntary cartel добровільний картель═════════□═════════cartel agreement картельна угода; cartel formation утворення картелю; cartel movement картельний рух; to join a cartel об'єднуватися/об'єднатися в картель • приєднуватися/приєднатися до картелю • зв'язуватися/зв'язатися з картелем; to withdraw from a cartel виходити/вийти з картелю═════════◇═════════картель < фр. cartel — угода між підприємцями < італ. cartello — виклик на дуель; можливо, через посередництво нім. Kartell або польс. kartel (ЕСУМ 2: 396)пор. monopoly -
35 labor
ек. амер. 1. n праця; робота; труд; a трудовий; робочий; 2. знт. робоча сила1. вклад людей в економічну діяльність у формі розумових і фізичних зусиль; ♦ праця вважається одним із основних факторів виробництва (factors of production), серед яких капітал, земля і підприємництво; 2. загальна кількість працівників або група працівників, яка займається певною роботою═════════■═════════abstract labor абстрактна людська праця; agricultural labor сільськогосподарська праця; associated labor усуспільнена праця; auxiliary labor допоміжна робоча сила; casual labor тимчасова робота • тимчасова робоча сила; cheap labor дешева робоча сила; child labor дитяча праця; commercial labor торговельна праця; commodity-producing labor праця, що продукує товар; common labor спільна праця • спільна робота • некваліфікований труд • некваліфікована робоча сила; complicated labor складна праця; compulsory labor примусова праця; concrete labor конкретна праця; cooperative labor спільна робота • спільна праця; creative labor творча робота; dead labor мертва праця (уречевлена); direct labour; domestic labor надомна робота; efficient labor продуктивна праця; embodied labor уречевлена праця • матеріалізована праця • втілена праця; factory labor фабрична праця; farm labor фермерська праця; female labor жіноча праця; forced labor примусова праця; free labor неорганізована робоча сила • безоплатна праця; general labor некваліфікована праця • некваліфікована робоча сила; hand labor ручна праця; handling labor обслуга • обслуговуючий персонал; highly skilled labor висококваліфікована робоча сила; hired labor наймана праця; homogeneous human labor однорідна людська праця; human labor людська праця; idle labor невикористана робоча сила • безробітні; indirect labour; industrial labor промислова праця; inefficient labor непродуктивна праця; intellectual labor розумова праця • інтелектуальна праця; intensified simple labor помножена проста праця; juvenile labor праця підлітків; male labor чоловіча робоча сила; manual labor фізична праця • ручна праця; marginal labor граничні витрати на робочу силу; materialized labor уречевлена праця • матеріальна праця; materialized surplus labor уречевлена додаткова праця • матеріальна додаткова праця; maximum labor максимальна кількість робочої сили; mental labor розумова праця; minimum labor мінімальна кількість робочої сили; multiplied simple labor помножена проста праця; necessary labor необхідна праця; nonproductive labor непродуктивна праця; occasional labor тимчасова праця; operator labor праця фермера • праця орендаря; organized labor організована робоча сила; paid labor оплачена праця; private labor приватна праця; productive labor продуктивна праця; semiskilled labor напівкваліфікована робоча сила • напівкваліфікована праця; set-up labor підготовчі операції; shift labor змінна робота; simple labor проста праця; simple average labor проста середня праця; skilled labor кваліфікована праця; slave labor рабська праця; social labor суспільна праця; standard labor нормована праця; surplus labor додаткова праця; union labor організована робоча сила; universal labor загальна праця; unorganized labor неорганізована праця; unpaid labor неоплачена праця; unskilled labor некваліфікована праця; useful labor корисна праця; useless labor некорисна праця; variable labor змінні витрати праці; voluntary labor добровільна праця; wage labor наймана праця═════════□═════════backward-bending labor supply curve відхилена назад крива пропозиції праці; compensated labor supply curve компенсована крива пропозиції праці; competitive labor market конкурентний ринок робочої сили; division of labor розподіл праці; labor agreement трудова угода; labor and machinery costs витрати на робочу силу й устаткування; labor as a factor of production праця як фактор виробництва; labor attache аташе праці; labor catchment area район, який потребує робочої сили; labor-consuming трудомісткий; labor contract трудова угода • трудовий договір; labor costs витрати на робочу силу • вартість робочої сили; labor dispute трудовий конфлікт; labor efficiency variance коливання продуктивності праці; labor employed застосовувана праця; labor exchange біржа праці; labor force сукупна робоча сила • трудові ресурси • чисельність робітників; labor hoarding збереження робочої сили при зменшенні попиту на продукцію • притримання робочої сили в період зменшення попиту на продукцію; labor hours робочий час; labor income трудовий дохід; labour-intensive; labor law трудове право; labor legislation трудове законодавство • закони про працю; labor management організація праці; labor's marginal product граничний продукт праці; labor market ринок праці • ринок робочої сили; labor market board рада ринку праці; labor market committee комітет ринку праці; labor market contribution вклад у ринок праці; labor market discrimination дискримінація на ринку праці; labor market dispute конфлікт на ринку праці; labor market organizations організації ринку робочої сили • організації ринку праці; labor market parties сторони на ринку праці; labor market pension пенсія на ринку праці; labor market policy політика ринку праці; labor market statistics статистика ринку праці; labor market training fund фонд ринку праці для підвищення кваліфікації; labor market training scheme система навчання на ринку праці; labor mix склад робочої сили; labor mobility рухомість робочої сили; labor movement робітничий рух; labor organization організація праці • професійна спілка; labor potential потенціал робітника; labor productivity продуктивність праці; labor productivity rate рівень продуктивності праці; labor-saving економія праці • раціоналізаторський • раціоналізаторський метод; labor shortage брак робочої сили; labor supply забезпеченість робочою силою • пропозиція робочої сили; labor theory of value трудова теорія вартості; labor turnover оборот робочої сили; labor union профспілка; labor unit одиниця праці; labor unrest трудовий конфлікт; marginal labor cost граничні витрати на робочу силу • гранична вартість робочої сили; marginal product of labor граничний продукт праці; return to labor віддача праці; to procure labor забезпечувати/забезпечити роботою • влаштовувати/влаштувати на роботу; to save labor заощаджувати/заощадити працю; unit labor cost трудомісткість • вартість праці на одиницю продукції • витрати робочої сили на одиницю продукту; wage elasticity of demand for labor еластичність попиту на працю відповідно до змін у заробітній платіlabour (австрал., англ., канад.):: labor (амер.) -
36 conveyance
1. n перевозка, транспортировка2. n перевозочное, транспортное средство; экипажtrains and buses are public conveyances — поезда и автобусы — это средства общественного транспорта
3. n передача4. n сообщение, передача5. n юр. передача прав, имущества6. n юр. документ о передаче прав или имуществаСинонимический ряд:1. act of conveying (noun) act of conveying; communication; movement; transfer; transmission2. deed (noun) charter; deed3. hauling (noun) hauling; portage; shipment; transport4. transportation (noun) carriage; carrying; transit; transportation; transporting5. vehicle (noun) automobile; bus; car; cart; machine; motor car; truck; van; vehicle; wagon -
37 instinctive
a инстинктивный, интуитивный, подсознательный; безотчётныйСинонимический ряд:1. automatic (adj.) automatic; habitual; immediate; impulsive; involuntary; mechanical; reflex; spontaneous; unmeditated; unpremeditated; unprompted; will-less2. inborn (adj.) accustomed; hereditary; immanent; inborn; inherent; innate; natural; normal3. instinctual (adj.) instinctual; intuitive; visceralАнтонимический ряд:acquired; voluntary
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См. также в других словарях:
voluntary — voluntarily /vol euhn tair euh lee, vol euhn ter /, adv. voluntariness, n. /vol euhn ter ee/, adj., n., pl. voluntaries. adj. 1. done, made, brought about, undertaken, etc., of one s own accord or by free choice: a voluntary contribution. 2. of,… … Universalium
voluntary — I UK [ˈvɒlənt(ə)rɪ] / US [ˈvɑlənˌterɪ] adjective ** 1) a voluntary action is done because you choose to do it, and not because you have to Some 30,000 workers took voluntary redundancy. The advertising of alcoholic drinks is regulated by a… … English dictionary
voluntary — vol|un|tar|y1 [ valən,teri ] adjective ** 1. ) a voluntary action is done because you choose to do it, and not because you have to: an attractive package to encourage voluntary early retirement The advertising of alcoholic drinks is regulated by… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
movement perception — ▪ process Introduction process through which humans and other animals orient themselves to their own or others physical movements. Most animals, including humans, move in search of food that itself often moves; they move to avoid predators… … Universalium
Voluntary Cooperation Movement — o Movimiento de la Cooperación Voluntaria, (VCM), es una organización informal de inspiración anarcoindividualista y mutualista formada a través de una red social de individuos de varios países que apoyan la educación y la autoorganización como… … Wikipedia Español
Voluntary Human Extinction Movement — (zu deutsch etwa „Bewegung für das freiwillige Aussterben der Menschheit“), besser bekannt unter der Abkürzung VHEMT (ausgesprochen auch vehement), ist eine tiefenökologische geistige Strömung, die für das freiwillige Aussterben der Menschen… … Deutsch Wikipedia
movement therapist — noun A specialist in movement therapy, a physical therapy for the mentally or physically disabled aimed at developing or improving voluntary body movements • • • Main Entry: ↑move … Useful english dictionary
Voluntary Human Extinction Movement — The Voluntary Human Extinction Movement, or VHEMT (pronounced ) [http://www.vhemt.org/aboutvhemt.htm (accessed 2007 04 15)] , is a movement which calls for the voluntary self extinction of the human species. Basic conceptThe basic concept behind… … Wikipedia
voluntary — vol|un|ta|ry1 W3 [ˈvɔləntəri US ˈva:lənteri] adj ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(without being paid)¦ 2¦(without being forced)¦ 3¦(movement of the body)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [Date: 1300 1400; : Latin; Origin: voluntarius, from voluntas will , from velle to will, wish ] 1.)… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Movement for Reform Judaism — The Movement for Reform Judaism Type charity Founded 1958 (1958) Headquarters The Ster … Wikipedia
voluntary — adj. & n. adj. 1 done, acting, or able to act of one s own free will; not constrained or compulsory, intentional (a voluntary gift). 2 unpaid (voluntary work). 3 (of an institution) supported by voluntary contributions. 4 Brit. (of a school)… … Useful english dictionary