558a

θεσπέσιος, α, ον, also ος, ον E.Andr. 296 (lyr.), Luc.Sacr.13: (perh. for θες-σπέσιος, cf. θεός, ἔσπον):—prop. of the voice,

A divinely sounding, divinely sweet,

ἀοιδή Il.2.600

;

Σειρῆνες Od.12.158

;

ἔπεα Pi.I.4(3).39

;

ἀχέτας Ar.Av. 1095

(lyr.).

2 divinely uttered or decreed, dat. sg. fem. θεσπεσίῃ as Adv., Il.2.367.

b oracular,

γένος Pi.P.12.13

(of the Graiae);

δάφνα E.

l.c.; θ. ὁδός the way of divination, of Cassandra, A.Ag. 1154 (lyr.); εὐχαῖς ὑπὸ θ. with prayers to the gods, Pi. I.6(5).44.

c = θεῖος, βηλός Il.1.591;

ἄντρον Od.13.363

.

II more than human: hence, awful, of natural phenomena,

θ. νέφος Il. 15.669

;

ἀχλύς Od.7.42

;

λαῖλαψ 9.68

; marvellous,

χάρις 2.12

; θ. ἄωτον, χαλκός, 9.434, Il.2.457; θ. ὀδμή a smell divinely sweet, Od.9.211; ὀσμὴ θ. Hermipp.82.9; of human affairs, θ. φύζα, φόβος, Il.9.2, 17.118;

πλοῦτος 2.670

;

ἠχή 8.159

;

βοή Od.24.49

;

θ. ὅμιλος Theoc. 15.66

: also in Prose,

τέχνη θ. τις καὶ ὑψηλή Pl.Euthd. 289e

;

θ. βίος Id.R. 365b

; θ. καὶ ἡδεῖα ἡ διαγωγή ib. 558a;

σοφοὶ καὶ θ. ἄνδρες Id.Tht. 151b

, cf. Philostr.Dial.1;

φύσεις Id.VS2.9.2

;

θ. τὴν γνώμην Luc. Alex.4

.

III Adv. -ίως, θ. ἐφόβηθεν they trembled unspeakably, Il.15.637: neut. θεσπέσιον as Adv.,

θ. ὑλᾶν Theoc.25.70

; also

ἀπόζει θ. ὡς ἡδύ Hdt.3.113

;

ὠδώδει θ. οἷον Plu.Alex.20

; θεσπεσίηθεν divinely,

ἀρηρότα Emp.96.4

. —Chiefly [dialect] Ep., once in Hdt., twice in Trag. (lyr.), once in Ar. (lyr.).

καταψηφ-ίζομαι, [tense] fut. - ιοῦμαι Lys.12.90:—

A vote against or in condemnation of, τινος Antipho 1.12, Lys.10.31, Pl.Ap. 36a, 41d, X.Ap. 32: metaph.,

τῆς ψυχῆς Democr.159

; κ. τινὸς θάνατον pass a vote of death against him, Lys.12.100;

κατεψηφισμένοι αὐτοῦ θάνατον X. HG1.5.19

; κ. τινὸς δειλίαν, κλοπήν, find him guilty of cowardice, of theft, Lys.14.11, Pl.Grg. 516a;

ἀδικίαν ὑμῶν αὐτῶν Isoc.15.297

: abs.,

οἱ -ψηφισάμενοι δικασταί Pl.Lg. 878d

: later in [tense] pf. [voice] Act.

κατεψήφικα D.H.4.58

,5.8.

2 [voice] Pass. (so always in [tense] aor.), to be condemned,

ἑάλωκεν ἤδη καὶ κατεψήφισται D.21.151

; θανάτου ἢ φυγῆς καταψηφισθῆναι to death or exile, Pl.R. 558a, cf. Plt. 299a.

b of the sentence, to be pronounced against a person,

δίκη κατεψηφισμένη τινός Th.2.53

;

κατ εψηφισμένος ἦν μου ὁ θάνατος X.Ap.27

, cf. 23;

τὰ ὑφ' ὑμῶν -ψηφισθέντα Lys.14.12

.

3 [voice] Med., carry measures adverse to a person, Plu.Caes.29.

II vote in affirmation, opp. ἀποψηφ-, Arist. Pol. 1298b39; generally, come to a determination, Id.Po. 1461b2:— so in [voice] Pass.,

τὰ κοινῇ τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς -ψηφισθέντα εἰς τιμήν τινος D.S.29.18

.

2 metaph.,

ἀείμνηστον ἡμῶν δόξαν Vett.Val.351.28

.

περινοστ-έω,

A go round, visit, inspect,

περὶ τὰς κλίνας Ar.Th. 796

;

παλαίστρας Id. Pax 762

;

τὰ τεκτόνων ἔργα Plu.2.155c

: metaph., π. τινὰ ἀπάτῃ circumvent, Aesop.204b.

2 abs., go about, stalk about,

π. ὥσπερ ἥρως Pl.R. 558a

; of vagrants, Ar.Pl. 121, 494, D.19.255;

π. σχολὴν ἄγοντα Alex.28

, cf. Alciphr.1.10 (cj.), Jul.Ep.89.

πρᾱότης, ητος, ἡ,

A mildness, gentleness, Th.4.108, Lys.6.34, Isoc.3.55, Pl.R. 558a, etc.; opp. ἀγριότης, Id.Smp. 197d; opp. ὀργιλότης, Arist.EN 1125b26; opp. ὀργή, Id.Rh. 1380a6: pl., Isoc.5.116: later [full] πραΰτης, LXX Ps.44(45).4, Ep.Gal.5.23 (v.l.), CIG 2788 ([place name] Aphrodisias).

φροντ-ίζω, [tense] fut. [dialect] Att. ιῶ E.Tr. 1234, Ar.Nu. 125, X.Mem.2.1.24, etc.: [tense] aor.

A

ἐφρόντισα A.Pers. 245

(troch.), etc.: [tense] pf.

πεφρόντικα E.Alc. 773

, Eup.352, Ar.Ec. 263, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. φροντιοῦμαι, E.IT 343 (s.v.l.):— [voice] Pass., v. infr. IV: ([etym.] φροντίς):

I abs., consider, reflect, take thought,

φροντίζων εὑρίσκω Hdt.5.24

, cf. A.Pr. 1034, Supp. 418 (lyr.), Ar.Nu.75, al.;

ζητεῖν καὶ φ. καὶ βουλεύεσθαι Isoc.9.41

; give heed, pay attention, Pl.R. 558a.

2 to be thoughtful or anxious, πεφροντικὸς βλέπεις you look careworn, E.Alc. 773;

τίς δ' ἔστιν ὁ.. φροντίζων; Phryn.

Com.21; τὸ πεφροντικός, as Subst., care, thought, Plu.2.983b.

II with an object,

1 c. acc. rei, consider, ponder,

ἔχθος ἐμόν Thgn.1247

;

Σωκράτης.. -ίζων τι ἕστηκε Pl.Smp. 220c

;

δεινά.. τοῖς τεκοῦσι φροντίσαι A.Pers. 245

(troch.); [ ὀνείρατα] Hdt.7.16.β; devise,

μηχανήν Id.5.67

;

τοῦτο φ. ὅκως μὴ λείψομαι Id.7.8

.ά (nisi leg. τοῦτον)

; ἐκεῖνο δ' οὐ πεφροντίκαμεν, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ.. μνημονεύσομεν Ar.Ec. 263

; also directly folld. by a relat. clause,

φ. ἥντιν' [ὁδὸν] ἴω προτέρην Thgn.912

;

φ. πρὸς ἑωυτὸν ὡς δώσει Hdt.8.100

;

ἐφρόντισ' ᾗ διέφθαρται βίος E. Hipp. 376

;

φ. ὅ τι βούλεται ἑαυτὸν καλεῖν D.39.2

, cf. X.Mem.3.7.6; φ.

τί ποτε τοῦτ' ἔστι Id.Cyr.3.3.32

; take thought that.., see to it that, ὅπως .. Pl.Ap. 29e, X.An.2.6.8, PHib.1.82.10 (iii B. C.); later ἵνα .. ib.43.7 (iii B. C.), Plb.2.8.8; ὡς .. PTeb.10.6, al. (ii B. C.): c. inf., Ep.Tit.3.8, BGU 8 ii 4 (iii A. D.), etc.: folld. by μή with subj.,

φ. μὴ ἄριστον ᾖ Hdt.1.155

, cf. X.Mem.4.2.39, cf. infr. 111; οὐδὲν φ. εἰ .. Pl.Grg. 503a; φ. εἴτε.., εἴτε .. Id.R. 344e: c. inf., Plu.Fab.12: c. part.,

φροντίζεθ' ὡς μαχούμενοι S.El. 1370

.

2 c. gen., take thought for, give heed to a thing, regard it, mostly with a neg. expressed or implied,

σοὶ δ' ἔμεθεν μὲν ἀπήχθετο φροντίσδην Sapph. 41

(s.v.l.);

Περσέων οὐδὲν φ. Hdt.3.97

, cf. 100, 151, 4.167;

γῆ αὐχμοῦ φροντίζουσα οὐδέν Id.4.198

;

Πενθέως οὐ φροντίσας E.Ba. 637

(troch.);

μηδὲν ὅρκου φροντίσῃς Ar.Lys. 915

;

τῶν οἰκετῶν.. μηδὲν φ. Lys.7.17

; μησενὸς ἄλλου φ., πλὴν ὅπως .. Isoc.15.305;

οὐδὲ τῶν νόμων φροντίζουσι Pl.R. 563d

;

τὸ παράπαν θεῶν μὴ φ. Id.Lg. 701c

; conversely, τοὺς θεοὺς φ. οὐδὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ib. 888c, cf. Men.Epit. 552: so with Advbs. implying a neg.,

σμικρὰ φ. ὄχλου E.Or. 801

(troch.);

ὀλίγον φ. δεσποτῶν Id.Cyc. 163

;

σμικρὸν φ. Σωκράτους Pl.Phd. 91c

; also without neg.,

οὗπερ δεῖ μάλιστα φ. E.Heracl. 242

;

τοῦ μὲν ὀνόματος φ., τοῦ δὲ πράγματος ἀμελεῖν And.4.27

;

σφόδρα σοῦ φ. X.Mem.3.11.10

;

εἰ σοφὸς ἀνὴρ ταφῆς φροντιεῖ Demetr.Lac.Herc.1012.26

; later, to be steward or bailiff,

τῶν ὑπαρχόντων τινός BGU300.4

(ii A. D.): so with Preps., φ. περί τινος to be concerned or anxious about,

σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι Hdt.8.36

, cf. X.Mem.1.1.12, E.Hipp. 709;

ὑπέρ τινος Pl.Euthphr.4d

;

ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας D.1.2

; less freq. in this sense c. acc. only, [

Σωκράτης] τἄλλα μὲν πεφρόντικεν Eup.352

;

ἄλλο οὐδὲν φροντίζειν Pl.Grg. 501e

;

ἀλλ' οὐ τὰ βίου.. δεῖ φροντίσαι Men.330

;

ἡ δ' ἐφρόντισ' οὐδὲ ἕν Cratin. 302

(troch.).

b later, see to, provide for, furnish, σιτάριον, χρήσιμα, ZUP73.5, 69.2 (both ii B. C.);

τὰ ἐπιβάλλοντα τῇ ἑορτῇ BGU845.18

(ii A. D.);

μηδὲν φροντίσας Pherecr.80

.

c c. acc. et part.,

οὐ φροντίζει σκληρῶς σε καθήμενον Ar.Eq. 783

(anap.).

3 the object is freq. unexpressed, ἐφρόντιζε ἱστορέων, i. e. inquired carefully, Hdt.1.56; οἲ τοὺς φίλους βλάπτοντες οὐ φροντίζετε who though ye do mischief to your friends reck not of it, E.Hec. 256; μὴ φροντίσῃς heed it not Ar.V. 228;

οὐ, μὰ Δἴ, οὐδ' ἐφρόντισα Id.Ra. 493

, cf. 650, Pl. 215, 704; c. part.,

τοιαῦτα.. γιγνόμενα.. ὁρῶντες οὐδὲν φροντίζετε And.4.23

.

III [voice] Med. in signf. 11.1, φροντιζόμενον μή .. X.Hier.7.10: c. acc., E.IT 343 (s. v. l.).

IV later in [voice] Pass., to be an object of thought or care, πεφροντισμένος carefully thought out;

λόγος D.S.15.78

, 16.32;

λόγοι πεφρ. εὖ Philostr.VS1.11

;

τρέφονται τροφῇ πεφροντισμένῃ Ael.NA7.9

; of a ward,

ἡ-ομένη ὑπ' ἐμοῦ θυγατριδῆ BGU300.16

(ii A. D.).

ἀναστρέφω, poet. [full] ἀνστρέφω, [tense] pf. ἀνέστροφα v.l. in Theognet.1.8, [ per.] 3pl.

A

ἀνέστροφαν Cerc.Fr.17.30

:—turn upside down, μήπως.. δίφρους ἀνστρέψειαν might upset them, Il.23.436;

ὁ θεὸς πάντ' ἀ. πάλιν E.Supp. 331

;

ἀ. γένος Ar.Av. 1240

; τὴν ζοήν Cerc.l.c.; ἀ. καρδίαν upset the stomach, i.e. cause sickness, Th.2.49; reverse, A.Pers. 333, Ar.Pl. 779:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ἀναστραφήσεσθαι τὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος πράγματα Isoc.5.64

: [tense] pf.

ἀνεστράφθαι τῆς πολιτείας Id.6.66

codd.; ὄρος ἀνεστραμμένον ἐν τῇ ζητήσει turned up by digging, Hdt.6.47, cf. X.Oec. 16.12.

2 invert order of words or statements, Demetr.Eloc.11, al., Hermog.Id.1.11:—also in [voice] Pass., with ref. to ἐπαναστροφή (q. v.), ib.12.

3 = ἀρνεῖσθαι, S.Fr. 1012.

II turn back, Com.Adesp. 22.73D.; bring back,

τινὰ ἐξ Ἅιδου S.Ph. 449

, cf. E.Hipp. 1228;

ἀ. δίκην τινί Id.Ba. 793

; ὄμμ' ἀ. κύκλῳ to roll it about, Id.Hel. 1557.

2 intr., turn back, retire, Hdt.1.80, etc.; esp. in part., ἀναστρέψας ἀπήλαυνεν X An.1.4.5, etc.; but also, rally, of troops, Th.4.43, X.HG6.2.21, cf. B.111.1:—ἀναστρέφον, τό, v. a)nakukliko/s.

III in Gramm., write with anastrophe, as πέρι for περί, Hdn.Gr.2.52,66:—[voice] Pass., 1.481, al.

2 Math.,

ἀναστρέψαντι

convertendo,

Euc.5.19

Cor.; so in Logic,

οἱ ἀντιστρέφοντες οὐχ οἱ ἀναστρέφοντες ἀλλήλοις λόγοι συναληθεύονται Gal.11.465

.

B [voice] Pass., v. supr. A.1.

II dwell in a place, ἀλλά τιν' ἄλλην γαῖαν ἀναστρέφομαι go to a place and dwell there, Od.13.326, cf. Call. Lav.Pall.76, Aet.1.1.6 (so

ἀναστρέφειν πόδα ἐν γῇ E.Hipp. 1176

);

ἀναττρέφεσθαι ἐν Ἀργει Id.Tr. 993

; ἐν φανερῷ, ἐν μέσῳ, go about in public, X.HG6.4.16, Pl.R. 558a;

ἀ. ταύτῃ Th.8.94

;

ἐν εὐφροσύναις X.Ag.9.4

;

ἐν τοῖς ἤθεσι Pl.Lg. 865e

; ἀ. ἐν ξυμμαχίᾳ continue in an alliance, X.HG7.3.2;

ἀ. ἐν γεωργίᾳ

to be engaged in..,

Id.Oec.5.13

;

ἐπὶ κυνηγεσίαις Plb.32.15.9

; ἀ. ἔν τινι dwell upon, in writing, Apollon. Cit.2: generally, conduct oneself, behave,

ὡς δεστότης X.An.2.5.14

;

οὑτωσί Arist.EN 1103b20

; θρασέως, ἀχαρίστως καὶ ἀσεβῶς εἴς τινα, Plb.1.9.7, 23.17.10;

ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς ὁσίως IG12(7).233

([place name] Amorgos);

ὡς τὰ παιδία Epict.Ench.29.3

;

πῶς δεῖ ἐν οἴκῳ θεοῦ ἀ. 1 Ep.Ti.3.15

.

2 revolve, like the sun in the heavens, X.Mem.4.3.8.

III of soldiers, face about, rally, Id.An.1.10.12, HG6.2.20, etc.

2 to be reversed or inverted,

ἐμοὶ τοῦτ' ἀνέστραπται Id.Hier.4.5

, cf. Cyr.8.8.13, Arist. Mech. 854a10.

3 return, Pl.Plt. 271a; retreat, Arist.HA 621b34.

ἀρχᾱΐζω,

A to be old-fashioned, copy the ancients in manners, language, etc., D.H.Rh.10.7, Plu.2.558a.

ἔπειμι (A), ( εἰμί

A sum) inf. ἐπεῖναι: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

ἔπεσαν Od.2.344

: [tense] fut. ἐπέσομαι, [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. -έσσομαι, 4.756, Pi.O.13.99:—to be upon, c. dat. loci,

κάρη ὤμοισιν ἐπείη Il.2.259

;

σῆμα δ' οὐκ ἐπῆν κύκλῳ A. Th. 591

; in Prose mostly with Prep.,

ἐπὶ τοῦ καταστρώματος ἐ. Hdt. 8.118

;

ἐπὶ [τῷ ποταμῷ] πύλαι ἔπεισι Id.5.52

, cf. 7.176;

ἐπὶ ταῖς οἰκίαις τύρσεις ἐπῆσαν X.An.4.4.2

: abs.,

κώπη δ' ἐλέφαντος ἐπῆεν Od.21.7

, cf. 2.344, Il.5.127, A.Ag. 547, etc.

2 to be upon, be set upon, of names,

οὐκ ἔπεστι ἐπωνυμίη Περσέϊ Hdt.6.53

; so

ψεύδεσι σεμνὸν ἔπεστί τι Pi.N.7.23

;

τοῖσι λόγοις σῶφρον ἔ. ἄνθος Ar.Nu. 1025

; to be attached,

μελέτη δ' ἔπεστι παντί Anacreont.58.3

;

οὔτε τις τάξις οὔτε ἀνάγκη ἔπεστιν αὐτοῦ τῷ βίῳ Pl.R. 561d

; esp. of rewards and penalties, ποινά, κέρδος ἐπέσται, A.Eu. 543 (lyr.), Ar.Av. 597;

ἔπεστι νέμεσις S.El. 1467

;

ἔσχαται τιμωρίαι ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐπαγγελίαις ἔπεισιν Is.3.47

, cf. Pl.Lg. 943d: abs., Ταραντίνων οὐκ ἐπῆν ἀριθμός no count was taken, no number was attached, Hdt.7.170, cf. 191; to be at hand, be present,

τίς τέρψις ἐπέσται; S.Aj. 1216

(lyr.);

αἰσχύνη X.Cyr.6.2.33

;

πιεῖν δὲ θάνατος οἶνον, ἢν ὕδωρ ἐπῇ Cratin.273

(s.v.l.); τὰ ἐπόντα accidents or characteristics, opp. τὸ ὑποκείμενον, Plot.2.4.10.

3 to be in one's possession,

ἀνέρες οἷσιν ἔπεστι μέγα κράτος h.Cer. 150

.

4 to be imminent,

ἐπόντος τοῦ φόβου τούτου D.21.9

; εἰ μηδεὶς ἐπῆν ἀγὼν μηδὲ κίνδυνος ibid.

5 ἔπι for ἔπεστι (v.

ἐπί E. 11

).

II of Time, to be hereafter, remain,

ἀλλ' ἔτι πού τις ἐπέσσεται Od.4.756

; to be at hand,

οὐδέ τι δειλὸν γῆρας ἐπῆν Hes.Op. 114

; ἐπεσσόμενοι ἄνθρωποι generations to come, Orac. ap. Hdt.6.77, Epigr. ap. Aeschin. 3.184; ἐπεσσόμενοι alone, Theoc.12.11.

III to be set over,

τισί Hdt.7.96

, 8.71;

ἔπεστί σφι δεσπότης νόμος Id.7.104

;

τίς δὲ ποιμάνωρ ἔ.; A.Pers. 241

(troch.), cf. 555 (lyr.).

IV to be added, be over and above, of numbers,

χιλιάδες ἔπεισι ἐπὶ ταύτῃσι ἑπτά Hdt.7.184

, cf. 185; ἐπόντων τεσσάρων plus four, Arr.Tact.10.8; τὰ ἐπεσόμενα τούτοις (sc. προβάτοις) Arch.Pap.1.64 (ii B.C.).

V to be added as confirmation,

ἔξορκος ἐπέσσεται Pi.O.13.99

.

2 belong in addition,

τὰν περὶ αὐτὸ χώραν ἐπείμειν Πριανέων Schwyzer289.27

(ii B.C.).

------------------------------------

ἔπειμι (B), ( εἶμι

A ibo) inf. ἐπιέναι, serving in [dialect] Att. as [tense] fut. of ἐπέρχομαι: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] impf.

ἐπήϊεν Il.17.741

; [ per.] 3pl.

ἐπήϊσαν Od.11.233

,

ἐπῇσαν 19.445

; [dialect] Att. ἐπῇα, [ per.] 3pl. ἐπῇσαν: ἐπιείσομαι, -εισαμένη (qq. v.) belong to a different word:

I come upon (in [tense] fut. sense, though this is not so fixed in Hom. as in [dialect] Att.):

1 of persons, come upon, approach, Od. 16.42, etc.

b mostly in hostile sense, come against, attack, c. dat., Il. 13.482, etc.;

τῷ λόφῳ ἐ. Th.4.129

; in Prose also with Preps., ἐ. ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας, Hdt.7.157, Th.1.86 (v.l. πρός), etc.;

πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος Id.7.4

: abs.,

Αἰνείαν ἐπιόντα Il.13.477

, cf. 5.238;

ἐπάγοντες ἐπῇσαν Od.19.445

; οἱ ἐπιόντες the invaders, assailants, Hdt.4.11, etc.;

ὡς ἐπιών

by assault,

D.1.21

; but ὁ ἐπιών in Trag., = ὁ τυχών, the first comer,

τό γ' αἴνιγμ' οὐχὶ τοὐπιόντος ἦν ἀνδρὸς διειπεῖν S.OT 393

, cf. OC 752.

c get on the βῆμα to speak, v.l. for παριέναι in Th.1.72; come on, of performers, dub. l. in X.An.6.1.11.

d approach, attack a question, Arist.Ph. 186a4.

2 of events, come upon or over one, overtake, c. acc.,

πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν Il.1.29

(but

ἔπειμι γῆρας ἔς τε τὸν μόρσιμον αἰῶνα Pi.I.7(6).41

);

οἷός σε χειμὼν καὶ κακῶν τρικυμία ἔπεισι A.Pr. 1016

: c. dat., come near,

ὀρυμαγδὸς ἐπήϊεν ἐρχομένοισιν Il.17.741

; δεινῶν ἐπιόντων πᾶσι Ἕλλησι threatening them, Hdt.7.145: abs.,

χειμὼν ἐπιών Hes.Op. 675

;

νὺξ ἐπῄει A.Pers. 378

, cf. X.Mem.4.3.14, An.5.7.12; τὸ ἐπιόν the (madness) which threatens me, Pl.Phdr. 238d.

b c. dat. pers., come into one's head, occur to one, εἰ καὶ ἐπίοι αὐτῷ λέγειν if it so much as occurred to him to say.., Id.R. 388d, cf. 558a;

ὅ τι ἂν ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου ἐπίῃ μοι X.Mem.4.2.4

;

ἂν.. ὑμῖν ἐπίῃ σκοπεῖν D.21.185

: abs.,

τὸ ἐπιόν

what occurs to one,

Pl.Phdr. 264b

.

II of Time, come on or after: mostly in part. ἐπιών, οῦσα, όν, following, succeeding, instant, ἡ ἐπιοῦσα ἡμέρα the coming day, Hdt.3.85, Ar.Ec. 105, Pl.Cri. 44a;

ἡ 'πιοῦσα λαμπὰς θεοῦ E.Med. 352

; ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Plb.2.25.11, LXXPr.27.1, Act.Ap.16.11;

τῆς ἐ. νυκτός Pl.Cri. 46a

;

τῇ ἐ. νυκτί Act.Ap.23.11

;

ὁ ἐ. βίοτος E.Or. 1659

;

τοῦ ἐ. χρόνου Pl.Lg. 769c

;

ἐν τῷ ἐ. χρόνῳ X.Cyr. 2.1.23

;

ἡ ἐ. ὥρα τοῦ ἔτους D.8.18

;

εἰς τὴν ἐ. ἐκκλησίαν Id.21.162

, IG 22.717.16;

εἰς τὴν ἐ. Πυλαίαν D.18.151

; τοὐπιόν the future, E.Fr.1073.6;

τῆς ἐ. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870

;

περὶ τῶν ἐπιόντων D.Ep.4.3

; τῶν ἐ. ἕνεκα because of the consequences, Id.19.258.

2 generally, come after, succeed,

κύματα.. βάντ' ἐπιόντα τε S.Tr. 115

(lyr.); ὁ ἐπιών the successor, Id.OC 1532;

αὐτόματα ἔπεισιν ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἐπιτηδευμάτων Pl.R. 427a

; τὰ ἐπιόντα the words which follow, Id.Prt. 344a, cf. Sph. 257c.

3 rarely, pass, elapse,

ἐπιόντος τοῦ χρόνου Id.Ti. 44b

.

III go over a space, traverse, visit,

ἀγρόν Od.23.359

;

χώρους Hdt.5.74

; of an officer,

ἐ. πύλας E.Ph. 1164

;

τὸ στράτευμα Th.7.78

, etc.

2 go over, i.e. count over,

φώκας.. ἀριθμήσει καὶ ἔπεισιν Od.4.411

; think over,

τῇ μνήμῃ ἕκαστα Luc.Herm.1

; read, Hld.2.6.

μέσος, η, ον (Hom.+). The distinction between ‘middle’ and ‘among’ for μ. is sometimes rather fluid, and some of the passages here cited may fit equally well under 1 or 2.

① pert. to a middle position spatially or temporally, middle, in the middle.

ⓐ as adj. (of intermediate terms: Pla., Rep. 330b, Pol. 303a) ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν ἀνήρ the man in their midst, apparently surrounded by them Hs 9, 12, 7. μέσης νυκτός at midnight (3 Km 3:20.—B-D-F §270, 2; Rob. 495; Lobeck, Phryn. p. 53; 54; 465) Mt 25:6. ἡμέρας μέσης at midday (Jos., Bell. 1, 651, Ant. 17, 155) Ac 26:13. εἰς μέσην τὴν οἰκοδομήν into the middle of the building Hs 9, 7, 5; cp. 9, 8, 2; 4; 6 (cp. Philo, Fuga 49 εἰς μέσον τὸν ποταμόν; Jos., Ant. 4, 80 εἰς μέσον τὸ πῦρ). ἐσταύρωσαν … μέσον τὸν Ἰησοῦν they crucified Jesus between (them) J 19:18. ἐσχίσθη τὸ καταπέτασμα μέσον the curtain was torn in two Lk 23:45 (cp. Artem. 4, 30 τὸ ἱμάτιον μέσον ἐρρωγέναι). ἐλάκησεν μέσος Ac 1:18 (cp. Aristoph., Ran. 955). ἐν μέσοις τοῖς ὀργάνοις τοῦ διαβόλου in the midst of the tools of the devil 2 Cl 18:2 (for the syntax cp. Gen 2:9 ἐν μέσῳ τῷ παραδείσῳ).

ⓑ as subst. neut. τὸ μ. the middle (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §264, 4; cp. Rob. 792) ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ὁρίων within or through the region Mk 7:31. ἀνὰ μ. αὐτῶν between them GPt 4:10; Hs 9, 2, 3; 9, 15, 2. ἀνὰ μ. ἐκκλησίας ἁγίων B 6:16; 4:10; διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ between one (congregation) member and another 1 Cor 6:5 (s. ἀνά 1b. Perh. μέσος prompted a shortening of the sentence tending to obscurity; cp. the Stoic expr. μέσα καθήκοντα = καθήκοντα ἃ ἐν μέσῳ ἐστὶ κατορθωμάτων κ. ἁμαρτημάτων: MPohlenz, D. Stoa II ’49, 73f). τὸ ἀρνίον τὸ ἀ. μ. τοῦ θρόνου the lamb who is (seated) on the center of the throne Rv 7:17. ἀνὰ μ. τῆς ὁδοῦ (they made) half their journey GJs 17:3.—διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν through the midst of them (X., An. 1, 4, 4; Aesop. Fab. 147 P.=247 H./201a Ch./152 [I, II] H-H.; Am 5:17; Jer 44:4; Jdth 11:19; 1 Macc 5:46; Ath. 18, 3 ‘between’) Lk 4:30; J 8:59 v.l. διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 prob. can only mean through Samaria and Galilee; but this raises a practical difficulty, since we should expect to find the provinces mentioned in the opposite order. Perh. the text is damaged (cp. the vv.ll. διὰ μέσου and μέσον; s. B-D-F §222; Rob. 648; JBlinzler, AWikenhauser Festschr. ’54, 46ff. If the v.l. διὰ μέσου Σ. καὶ Γ. should be correct, we could compare Maximus Tyr. 28, 4a διὰ μέσου πίστεως κ. ἀπιστίας=throughout between). For the view that μέσον signifies the area betw. S. and G. s. the comm. Cp. δια B1.—εἰς τὸ μέσον into the middle or center (X., Cyr. 3, 1, 6; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 24; 3 Km 6:8; Jos., Ant. 9, 149) Mk 3:3; Lk 4:35; 5:19; 6:8; J 20:19, 26 (ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον as Vi. Aesopi G 82 P.); Hs 9, 8, 5; also in the middle 9, 6, 1. W. gen. (X., An. 1, 5; 14a; Jer 21:4; 48:7; Sb 6270, 13) εἰς τὸ μ. αὐτῶν in the midst of them 9, 11, 7. Without the art. (LXX; Jos., Vi. 334; SibOr 3, 674) εἰς μ. τοῦ πεδίου in the middle of the plain Hs 9, 2, 1 (εἰς μ.=‘in the middle’, as Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 30 p. 44, 21 Lag.). τί … τὸ ἔριον εἰς μ. τῶν ἀκανθῶν τιθέασιν; Why do they place the wool in the middle of the thorns? 7:11. ἀναστὰς εἰς μ. he arose (and came) forward Mk 14:60 (cp. Theocr. 22, 82 ἐς μέσον=into the middle; Himerius, Or. 63 [=Or. 17], 2 εἰς μέσον ἔρχεσθαι=come into the open; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1 στὰς εἰς τὸ μ.).—ἐν τῷ μ. among, before (more closely defined by the context, or = in public [so Clearch., Fgm. 45 οἴκοι καὶ μὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ; Appian, Liby. 15 §63]) Mt 14:6 (Dio Chrys. 30 [79], 39 ὀρχεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ μέσω; Lucian, Pereg. 8) and into the middle, before (them) (Vi. Aesopi W c. 86 στὰς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔφη) Ac 4:7. Without the art. (LXX) ἐν μέσῳ (on the spelling ἐμ μέσῳ, which occurs several times as v.l., s. B-D-F §19, 1; Mlt-H. 105) abs. into the middle, before (someone) (Appian, Hann. 16 §67, Liby. 14 §59; Jos., Ant. 7, 278) J 8:3; MPol 18:1 and in the middle (Pla., Rep. 558a; Herm. Wr. 4, 3; PLille 1 recto, 5 [259 B.C.]; GrBar 13:4) J 8:9. W. gen. of place (Aeneas Tact. 1529; 1532; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 21 [Stone p. 28], B 8 p. 113, 3 [St. p. 74]; ParJer 1:2; GrBar 10:2) τῆς θαλάσσης (En 97:7) in the middle of the lake Mk 6:47. τῆς πλατείας through the middle of the street Rv 22:2. ἐν μ. τῆς αὐλῆς in the middle of the courtyard Lk 22:55a; τοῦ τάφου GPt 13:55. ἐν μ. αὐτῆς within it (the city of Jerusalem) Lk 21:21; cp. Dg 12:3; MPol 12:1; 12:2(?). ἐν μ. τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων on the center of the throne and among the four living creatures Rv 5:6a (w. double gen. also between: Appian, Hann. 14 §60, Bell. Civ. 5, 23 §92; Arrian, Anab. 1, 20, 2; 3, 28, 8 al.; Lucian, Fugit. 10 ἐν μ. ἀλαζονείας κ. φιλοσοφίας). ἐν μέσῳ τ. θρόνου around (on every side of) the throne 4:6 (but between the throne and a more remote point: RBrewer, JBL 71, ’52, 227–31).—ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας Hb 2:12 (Ps 21:23); cp. Ac 17:22. κατὰ μέσον (Jos., Bell. 5, 207; SibOr 3, 802 κατὰ μέσσον=‘in the middle’ [of the day]) κατὰ μ. τῆς νυκτός about midnight Ac 16:25 D; 27:27.

ⓒ The neut. μέσον serves as adv. (e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 43 §175 μ.=meanwhile) ἦν μέσον ὡς he was in the center of it as MPol 15:2; and is used as prep. w. gen. (B-D-F §215, 3; Rob. 644. Cp. Hdt. 9, 107, 2; Polyb. 8, 25, 1; Epict. 2, 22, 10; LXX, TestSol; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 31 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 24:21; Jos., Ant. 6, 65; SibOr 3, 319) μ. τῆς θαλάσσης in the middle of the lake Mt 14:24 v.l.; μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς in the midst of a crooked generation Phil 2:15 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 36, 5a ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σιδηρῷ τούτῳ γένει).

② pert. to a position within a group, without focus on mediate position, among.

ⓐ as adj. ἐκάθητο ὁ Πέτρος μέσος αὐτῶν Peter was sitting among them Lk 22:55 (the point being not as center of attention but inconspicuously in the group; cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 107). μέσος ὑμῶν ἕστηκεν J 1:26 (Jos., Ant. 14, 23). τοῦ πύργου μέσου Hs 9, 8, 2. εἶδον … μέσον αὐτῶν τὸν Παῦλον AcPl Ha 11, 14.

ⓑ as subst. neuter ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) among someth. Mt 13:25. W. gen. pl. (TestJob 32:6 ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου) in the midst of, among in answer to the questions where and whither (B-D-F §215, 3 app.) Mt 18:2, 20; Mk 9:36; Lk 2:46; 24:36; Ac 1:15; 2:22; 6:15 D; 27:21; Rv 5:6b; cp. 6:6. Of close personal relationship ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν among you = in communion with you Lk 22:27; 1 Th 2:7.—ἐν μ. λύκων among wolves Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 2 Cl 5:2.—W. gen. pl. of things (Alciphron 3, 24, 3) Lk 8:7; Rv 1:13; 2:1. ἐκ (τοῦ) μ. from among (X., An. 1, 5, 14b; oracular response in Diod S 9, 3, 2; LXX=מִתּוֹךְ): αἴρειν τι (or τινά) ἐκ (τοῦ) μέσου (τινῶν) Col 2:14; 1 Cor 5:2 (s. αἴρω 3). ἁρπάσαι αὐτὸν ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν Ac 23:10 (s. ἁρπάζω 2a). ἀφορίζειν τοὺς πονηροὺς ἐκ μ. τῶν δικαίων Mt 13:49 (s. ἀφορίζω 1). γίνεσθαι ἐκ μ. 2 Th 2:7 (s. γίνομαι 6b). ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν from among them Ac 17:33; cp. 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Is 52:11). κύριος λαμβάνει ἑαυτῷ ἔθνος ἐκ μ. ἐθνῶν 1 Cl 29:3 (cp. Dt 4:34).—B. 864. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἀναστρέφω fut. ἀναστρέψω LXX; 1 aor. ἀνέστρεψα. Pass. fut. 3 sg. ἀναστραφήσεται Sir 39:3; 50:28; 2 aor. ἀνεστράφην, ptc. ἀναστραφείς; pf. 3 sg. ἀνέστραπται Josh 5:6 (s. στρέφω; Hom.+ in var. mngs.; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol 18:12; TestAsh 6:3; Philo, Joseph.; Just., A I, 53, 3).

① to overturn completely, upset, overturn, trans. (Polyb. 5, 9, 3; Ps.-Apollod. 3, 8, 1; Dionys. Hal. 9, 6, 2, all acc. to the mss.) τὶ something τὰς τραπέζας overturn the tables J 2:15 v.l. for ἀνατρέπω (s. Hdb. ad loc.).

② to spend time in a locality, stay, live pass. in act. sense ἐν (Pla., Rep. 8, 558a μένειν καὶ ἀ. ἐν; X., Hell. 6, 4, 16; Polyb. 3, 33, 18; Epict. 1, 2, 26; Plut., Fab. 179 [9, 5]; Josh 5:6; Ezk 19:6. Cp. PKatz, JTS 47, ’46, 31) Mt 17:22 v.l.

③ to conduct oneself in terms of certain principles, act, behave, conduct oneself, live, pass. in act. but nonliteral sense, ext. of 2 (‘to turn back and forth’) (X. et al.; Polyb. 1, 9, 7; 1, 74, 13 al.; Chion, Ep. 7, 1; Crates, Ep. 35, 2 p. 216 H.; Vett. Val. index; ins, pap; Dssm. B 83, NB 22 [BS 88; 194], LO 264f [LAE 315]; Nägeli 38; Thieme 14; Hatch 136; Pr 20:7; Ezk 22:30; Jos., Ant. 15, 190; Just., A I, 53, 3); always with the kind of behavior more exactly described

ⓐ by an adv. (Ael. Dion. ς, 41 ἀμαθῶς ἀναστρέφεσθαι; SIG and OGI indices; Jos., Ant. 19, 72 εὐπρεπῶς) ἁγνῶς (Hatch, op. cit. III 73 Cilic. ins) Hs 9, 27, 2. ἱσχυρῶς καὶ ἀνδρείως ἀ. conduct oneself w. strength and courage 5, 6, 6. καλῶς ἀ. (SIG 717, 95, OGI 322, 8) Hb 13:18. ἀμέμπτως (OGI 323, 5) 1 Cl 63:3; ἀ. … ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως (SIG 800, 20f) 2 Cl 5:6.

ⓑ by prep. phrases (X., Ages. 9, 4 ἀ. ἐν μέσαις εὐφροσύναις; EpArist 252; Just., A I, 53, 3 τὰ παλαιά, ἐν οἷς … ἀνεστράφησαν) ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῆς σαρκός live in the passions of the flesh=be a slave to physical passion Eph 2:3. ἐν παλαιοῖς πράγμασιν according to ancient (i.e. Israelite) customs IMg 9:1. ἐν τρυφαῖς πολλαῖς Hm 11:12. ἐν πλάνῃ 2 Pt 2:18. ἀ. ἐν οἴκῳ θεοῦ conduct oneself in the household of God 1 Ti 3:15. ἐν φόβῳ ἀ. live in fear 1 Pt 1:17.

ⓒ w. adv. and prep. phrase (Simplicius in Epict. p. 24, 16 ἀλύτως ἐν τούτοις ἀναστρεφώμεθα; Jos., Vi. 273) ὁσίως ἀ. ἐν καθαρᾷ διανοίᾳ live in holiness w. a pure mind 1 Cl 21:8.

ⓓ w. more than one ἐν in var. mngs. ἐν ἁπλότητι … τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐν σοφίᾳ σαρκικῇ ἀλλʼ ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ ἀνεστράφημεν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ we have conducted ourselves in the world in sincerity before God, not w. earthly wisdom, but in the grace of God 2 Cor 1:12.—Somewhat as the phrase ἀ. ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ above—i.e. not in the active sense of practicing something—οὕτως ἀ. Hb 10:33 to live in such a way (i.e. amid reproach and affliction) means to be treated in such a way.

④ to be involved with someone in close proximity, associate, intr., μετά τινος w. someone (Jos., Ant. 1, 55 μετά; difft. πρός τινος Epict. 4, 1, 116, where the emphasis is placed on personal face-to-face encounter and dealings with another) B 19:6; D 3:9.

⑤ to go back to a locality, return, come back, intr. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 51 §215; Polyaenus 1, 48, 1; 8, 12; Crates, Ep. 28, 8 [Malherbe p. 78]; Sus 49 Theod.; Jdth 15:7; 1 Macc 5:8; 10:52, 55 v.l.; Jos., Ant. 7, 226) Ac 5:22; 15:16.—M-M. TW.