σῳς-

ἔμμεσος, ον,

A intermediate, [

ψυχὴ] δεσμὸς ἔ. τυγχάνει τῶν ἄκρων Alex.

Aphr.Pr.2.67; having a mean, ἔ. ἐναντία having an intermediate term, Simp.in Cael.340.33; ἔφη Πλάτων πάντα ἔ. Olymp.in Mete.242.28.

II inserted, μεταξυλογία ib.41.23.

III mediate,

γνῶσις Eustr. in EN331.2

. Adv. - σως mediately, Them.in APo.31.6.

ἔμμουσος, ον,

A = μουσικός, πράγματα Heph.Astr.2.32: [comp] Sup.

-ότατον, θεώρημα Nicom.Ar.2.2

; ἐμμούσοις γράμμασιν in literature, IG9(1).235 ([place name] Larymna). Adv.

-σως, παίζειν Plu.2.1119d

.

ὑγι-ής, ές, gen. [dialect] Att. -οῦς; dat. ὑγιεῖ; acc., [dialect] Ion.

A

ὑγιέα Hdt.1.8

, etc. (ὑγιᾶ, v.l. ὑγιέα, Hp.Art.33); [dialect] Att.

ὑγιᾶ Th.3.34

, Pl.Chrm. 155e, al., X.Mem.4.3.13; also

ὑγιῆ IG22.1673.42

, 42(1).121.38,60,85, 122.109 (Epid., iv B. C.), Pl.Phd. 89d, Lg. 857e, cf. IG 14.1014 (ii A. D.), erroneously called un-Attic by Moer.p.375 P., Thom.Mag.p.365 R.: dual

ὑγιῆ Pl.Ti. 88c

: neut. pl.

ὑγιᾶ IG22.120.59

, Thom.Mag. l.c., but ὑγιῆ in Pl.Lg. 684c, 735b, and freq. in [dialect] Att. inscrr., IG22.120.52, 1541.8, etc.; acc. pl. masc. ὑγιᾶς ib. 12.74.20; but ὑγιεῖς ib.42(1).121.36 (Epid., iv B. C.), 12(5).572.13 (Ceos, iii B. C.), and as fem., E.Ba. 948; gen.

ὑγιῶν Pl.Lg. 735c

:— [comp] Comp.

ὑγιέστερος Epich.154

(with v.l. ὑγιώστερον), [comp] Sup.

- έστατος Pl.Grg. 526d

; irreg. [comp] Comp. ὑγιώτερος in Sophr.34, prob. cj. in Epich. l.c.:—healthy, sound in body, ὑγιέα ποιέειν or ἀποδέξαι τινά restore him to health, make him sound, Hdt.3.130, 134;

ὑγιῆ σώματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι Pl.Lg. 684c

; τὸ ὑ. τοῦ σώματος, opp. τὸ νοσοῦν, Id.Smp. 186b, cf. X.Mem.1.3.13; πόλις (opp. φλεγμαίνουσα) Pl.R. 372e: prov., ὑγιέστερος κολοκύντας or ὄμφακος 'sound as a bell', Epich. l.c., Phot.; ὑγιέστερος κροτῶνος or

Κρότωνος Men.318

, cf. Str. 6.1.12.

2 of one's case or condition, σῶς καὶ ὑ. safe and sound, Hdt.4.76, Th.3.34.

3 of things, safe and sound, in good case, of the Hermae, Lys.6.12; of ships, Th.8.107;

κόσμος X.Mem.4.3.13

;

τὸ ἔδαφος καὶ οἱ τοῖχοι Arist.Mir. 842a33

;

σῶν καὶ ὑγιὲς μένειν Pl.Ti. 82b

; in good condition, unbroken, πίθοι, κώθων, λίθος, IG12.326.7, 42(1).121.85 (Epid., iv B. C.), 7.3073.32 (Lebad., ii B. C.); πίθοι ὑ., opp. ἀγγεῖα τετρημένα καὶ σαθρά, Pl.Grg. 493e, cf. Cra. 440c, Men. 77a (v. infr. 111.1);

ἱμάτια POxy.530.20

(ii A. D.); μύλος ὑ. καὶ ἀσινής ib.278.18 (i A. D.).

II sound in mind, Simon.5.4, etc.;

φρένες ὑγιεῖς E.Ba. 948

; virtuous, Pl.Phd. 89d;

ἦθος Id.R. 409d

, etc.;

ὡς ὑγιεστάτη ψυχή Id.Grg. 526d

; as a complimentary epithet,

ὑγιέστατον ἀνθύπατον OGI568.6

(Tlos, iii A.D.).

2 of words, opinions, and the like , sound, wholesome, wise, μῦθος ὃς.. νῦν ὑγιής the word which is now fitting, Il.8.524 (the only place where any of this family of words occurs in Hom.);

ὑ. δόξαι Pl.R. 584e

;

εἴ τι ὑ. διανοοῦνται Th.4.22

, cf. Pl.Tht. 194b;

χεῖρας καὶ γνώμην καθαροὶ καὶ ὑγιεῖς IG12(1).789.5

(Lindus, ii A. D.).

3 freq. with a neg.,

λόγος οὐκ ὑ. Hdt.1.8

;

οὐδὲν ὑ. βούλευμα Id.6.100

; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att.,

ὦ μηδὲν ὑ. μηδ' ἐλεύθερον φρονῶν S.Ph. 1006

;

ἑλικτὰ κοὐδὲν ὑ. E.Andr. 448

;

οὐδὲν ὑ. διανοουμένων Th.3.75

;

μηδὲν ὑ. λέγειν E.Ph. 201

, cf. Ar. Th. 636, Pl. 274, etc.; φέρειν, ἀσκεῖν, Id.Ach. 956, Pl.50;

οὐδὲν ὑ. οὐδ' ἀληθὲς ἔχειν Pl.Phd. 69b

: also of persons,

τὰς οὐδὲν ὑγιές Ar.Th. 394

;

πανοῦργον, ἄδικον, ὑγιὲς μηδὲ ἕν Id.Pl.37

: c. gen., οὐδ' ἦν ἄρ' ὑ. οὐδὲν ἐμπύρου φλογός there is nothing sound or good in it, E.Hel. 746;

φεῦ· ὡς οὐδὲν ἀτεχνῶς ὑ. ἐστιν οὐδενός Ar.Pl. 362

, cf. 870, Pl.Phd. 90c, Grg. 524e, R. 584a, D.18.23, etc.;

οὐχ ὑ. οὐδὲν ἔτι λέγω τῶν ὀργίων E.Ba. 262

, cf. Cyc. 259;

ἐπ' οὐδενὶ ὑγιεῖ οὐδ' ἀληθεῖ Pl.R. 603b

, cf. Lys.9.4.

4 logically sound,

τὸ ὑ. συνημμένον S.E.M.8.118

;

ὑ. ἀπόδειξις Id.P.1.116

, cf. Arr.Epict.2.1.4.

III neut. as Adv., ὑγιὲς φθέγγεσθαι ring sound and clear, opp. σαθρόν, Pl.Tht. 179d: also in phrase

ἐξ ὑγιοῦς, φροντίζειν ὅπως καὶ τἆλλα γένηται.. ἐξ ὑ.

correctly, in order,

PTeb.27.60

(ii B. C.); οὐκ ἐξ ὑ. τὰς κτήσεις ποιοῦσιν, i. e. dishonestly, Vett.Val.90.32.

2 regul. Adv. ὑγιῶς, healthily,

διάγειν Ath.2.46f

; soundly, κρίνειν, φιλοσοφεῖν, Pl.R. 409a, 619d;

ὑ. πεπολίτευμαι D.18.298

;

ὑ. ἀπαγγεῖλαι Plot.4.4.19

; ὑ. καὶ πιστῶς honourably and faithfully, freq. in Pap., POxy.1031.18 (iii A. D.), etc. (Prob. from ὑ-, cf. Skt. su- 'well', and -γιη-, I.-E. γυιψē cf. guiyō in βιῶναι.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to wag with the tail, to waggle', metaph. `to blandish, to flatter' (Od., Hes.).

Other forms: rare aor. ἔσηνα (e.g. ρ 302), ἔσᾱνα (Pi. O. 4, 6, P. 1, 52).

Compounds: Also w. περι-, προσ- a.o. As 1. member in σαίνουροι καὶ σαινουρίδες οἱ τὰς οὑρὰς συνεχῶς κινοῦντες ἵπποι καὶ κύνες H.

Derivatives: σάννιον τὸ αἰδοῖον ἀντὶ τοῦ κέρκιον. τὸ γὰρ αἰδοῖον ἐσθ' ὅτε οὑρὰν ἔλεγον, ὡς Εὔπολις H., so prop. `tail' (- νν- hypocor. gemination); also σαν-νίων (Arr.), σάννας (Cratin.), σάννορος (Rhinth.) m. `fool', σαννάδας τὰς ἀγρίας αἶγας H.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Unexplained. To be rejected Solmsen IF 30, 38 ff.: prop. denom. of an old word for `penis', *σήν, gen. *σαν-ός, IE *tu̯ēn, gen. *tu̯n̥-ós [one would expects *tu̯nH-, as perh. in the Lith. form] to Lith. tvìnstu, tvìnti `swell out, of a river' a.o.; n-enlargement of tēu̯-, tū̆- `swell' (WP. 1, 706ff., Pok. 1080ff.; not to σῶς). Here acc. to Solmsen also other words in σα-, e. g. Σάτυρος (s. v.).

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See also: s. σῶς.

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Grammatical information: Adv.

Meaning: `surely, certainly, definitely', esp. with οῖ᾽δα, also w. other verbs of ḳnowing and saying (Il.).

Derivatives: Besides σαφής adj. `sure, definite, apparent, clear, evident' (Pi., A.; σαφές h. Merc.; s. bel.) with adv. σαφέως, σαφῶς `id.' (h. Cer.). Expressive enlargement σαφ-ηνής, Dor. -ᾱνής, adv. - ηνέως (Pi., trag.; adv. also Hdt.), after ἀπ-, προσ-ηνής a. o. (to be rejected Prellwitz Glotta 19, 95ff.), with σαφήν-εια f. `clarity, clearness' (Att. since A., Alcmaion; opposite ἀσάφεια from ἀ-σαφής), - ίζω `to make clear, to explain' (IA.) with - ισμός, - ιστικός (late). -- Quite doubtful σαφήτωρ μάντις ἀληθής, μηνυτής, ἑρμηνευτής H., as if from *σαφέω ( διασαφέω since E.); certainly only arisen from a v. l. Ι 404 (for ἀφήτωρ).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]; PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Of the above words the earliest attested adv. σάφα (on the formation Schwyzer 622) seems to be the oldest; from this σαφέως (as τάχα: ταχέως), the ntr. σαφές ( σαφες δ' οὑκ οῖ᾽δα h. Merc. 208) with σαφέστερον, and to this at last σαφής (Leumann Hom. Wörter 112 n. 77). -- Unexplained. Often analysed as in σα-φής with the 2. member of φάος, φαίνω; before this σα- as strengthening element, and this either with Prellwitz BB 22, 81 ff. to σάος (* tuh₂-; s. σῶς and τύλη) or with Brugmann IF 39, 114ff. to τίς (* kʷih₂-); prop. exclamation; cf. Σίσυφος and σοφός. Against this after Grošelj Živa Ant. 1, 127 to Ion. σάω `sieve' (s. διαττάω and σήθω), so prop. *'sieved'; - φα as in μέσφα. Older proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. faber, sapiō and tabula. -- Estensively on σάφα Luther "Wahrheit" u. "Lüge" 61 ff.; s. also Frisk GHÅ 41 (1935): 3, 20 (Kl. Schr. [Göteborg 1966] 18). -- Furnée suggests several connections, which are not evident (index s.v.); he concludes to Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `heap, corn-heap' (Hes., Hdt., X., Ar., Arist. a.o.).

Compounds: Few a. late compp., e.g. πολύ-σωρος `with many corn-heaps', surn. of Demeter (AP; cf. σωρῖτις below).

Derivatives: 1. σώρ-ακος m. `box, basket' (Ar. Fr. 248, inscr. a. pap. a.o., after θύλακος?; diff. [to be rejected] Nehring Glotta 14, 182) with - ακίς f. des. of an instrument to slean horses (pap. III<sup>a</sup>, Poll.). 2. - ίτης m. (sc. λόγος, συλλογισμός) `the conclusion of heaping' (des. of a wrong reasoning (Chrysipp., Cic., S.E. a.o.) with - ιτικός (S. E.); - ῖτις f. surn. of Demeter (Orph.; Redard 113 a. 213). 3. - εός = σωρός (EM, sch. a.o.: κολεός a.o.). 4. - ηδόν `by heaps' (Plb., LXX, AP). 5. - εύω, also w. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συν- a.o., `to heap up, pile up' (E., Arist., hell. a. late) with - ευσις ( ἐπι-, προσ-, ὑπο-) f. `the heaping up, piling up' (Arist. a.o.), - ευμα ( ἐπι-) n. `that which is heaped up, heap' (X., Eub.), - εία ( ἐπι-) f. `the heaping', also as mathem. terminus (Nicom., Plu. a.o.), - ευτής m. `the heaper' (Phld. a.o.) with - ευτικός (sch.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Unclar σωρότερος, as `big cup' explained (Greek-Copt. glossary, s. Aegyptus 6,215). No agreement outside Greek. Within Greek one compares σῶμα (like γνῶ-μα: γνώ-ρ-ιμος, κλῆ-μα: κλῆ-ρος etc.). Starting fom idg. *tu̯ō-ro-s, Solmsen IF 26, 2 13 ff. (where also against connection with σορός) seeks connection with σῶς, σάος, further also with ταΰς, τύλη (s. vv.) etc. (IE * tēu- `swell'; WP. 1, 706ff., Pok. 1080ff.).

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περισῴζω (X. et al.; 1 Km 30:17 v.l.; Ps 114:4 Aq.; ViOb 3 [p. 82, 6 Sch.]; Joseph.) rescue (from death) Mk 6:51 v.l.—DELG s.v. σῶς.

Σωκράτης, ους, ὁ Socrates, a name freq. found; a Christian in Corinth, who made a copy of the MPol: 22:2. EpilMosq 5 gives his name as Ἰσοκράτης.—DELG s.v. σῶς.

σωτηρία, ας, ἡ (Trag., Hdt.+)

① deliverance, preservation, w. focus on physical aspect: fr. impending death, esp. on the sea (IMaronIsis 11; Diod S 3, 40, 1 λιμὴν σωτηρίας; 2 Macc 3:32; GrBar 1:3; Philo, Mos. 1, 317; Jos., Ant. 7, 5; 183; Ar. 3, 2) Ac 27:34; Hb 11:7. Of the deliverance of the Israelites fr. Egyptian bondage (Jos., Ant. 2, 331) Ac 7:25 (διδόναι σωτηρίαν on the part of a deity: Menand., Col. Fgm. 292, 5=1, 5 Kö.). Survival of a hand punished by fire GJs 20:3. A transition to mng. 2 is found in Lk 1:71, where σωτηρία ἐξ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν deliverance from the hand of our enemies is expected (cp. Ps 105:10 and ApcPt Rainer ἐν σωτηρίᾳ Ἀχερουσίας λίμνης, where the ref. is to a baptism marking the beginning of life in Elysium); 1 Cl 39:9 (Job 5:4).—S. λίμνη, end.

② salvation, w. focus on transcendent aspects (LXX, Just., Iren; cp. Herm. Wr. 7, 2 [on salvation through gnosis s. GLuck, SBLSP 24, ’85, 315–20]; Ael. Aristid., Sacr. Serm. 3, 46 p. 424 Keil ἐγένετο φῶς παρὰ τῆς Ἴσιδος καὶ ἕτερα ἀμύθητα φέροντα εἰς σωτηρίαν; the Hymn to Attis in Firmicus Maternus, De Errore Prof. Relig. 22, 1 Θαρρεῖτε μύσται τοῦ θεοῦ σεσωσμένου. Ἔσται γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐκ πόνων σωτηρία [HHepding, Attis, seine Mythen u. sein Kult 1903, 167]. The Lat. ‘salus’ in the description of the Isis ceremony in Apuleius corresponds to the Gk. σωτηρία [GAnrich, Das antike Mysterienwesen 1894, 47f; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 39]). In our lit. this sense is found only in connection w. Jesus Christ as Savior. This salvation makes itself known and felt in the present, but it will be completely disclosed in the future. Opp. ἀπώλεια Phil 1:28 (Mel., P. 49, 356; on the probability of military metaphor s. EKrentz, in Origins and Method, JHurd Festschr., ed. BMcLean, ’93, 125f); θάνατος (cp. Damasc., Vi. Isid. 131: through Attis and the Mother of the Gods there comes ἡ ἐξ ᾅδου γεγονυῖα ἡμῶν σωτ.) 2 Cor 7:10; ὀργή 1 Th 5:9. W. ζωή 2 Cl 19:1; ζωὴ αἰώνιος IEph 18:1. σωτηρία αἰώνιος (Is 45:17) Hb 5:9; short ending of Mk; ἣ κοινὴ ἡμῶν σωτ. Jd 3 (SIG 409, 33f ἀγωνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας); σωτ. ψυχῶν salvation of souls 1 Pt 1:9 (ς. τῶν ψυχῶν Hippol., Ref. 10, 19, 3); cp. vs. 10 (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 252f). σωτηρία ἡ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν MPol 22:1. ἡ τῶν σῳζομένων σωτ. 17:2 (ἡ ς. τῶν μετανοούντων Did., Gen. 71, 28; σωτηρία τῶν ἀγαθῶν Hippol., Ref. 7, 28, 6; ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ς. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 73, 13). On κέρας σωτηρίας Lk 1:69 s. κέρας 3. σωτηρίας as objective gen. dependent upon various nouns: γνῶσις σωτηρίας Lk 1:77; ἐλπὶς σωτ. (TestJob 24:1; cp. Philemo Com. 181 οἱ θεὸν σέβοντες ἐλπίδας καλὰς ἔχουσιν εἰς σωτηρίαν) 1 Th 5:8; 2 Cl 1:7; ἔνδειξις σωτ. Phil 1:28 (opp. ἀπώλεια). τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς σωτηρίας ὑμῶν Eph 1:13. ὁ λόγος τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης Ac 13:26. ὁδὸς σωτηρίας way to salvation 16:17; περιποίησις σωτ. 1 Th 5:9. ἡμέρα σωτηρίας (quot. fr. Is 49:8) of the day when the apostle calls them to salvation 2 Cor 6:2ab (cp. the mystery in Apuleius, Metam. 11, 5 ‘dies salutaris’ = ‘day of initiation’). Christ is ὁ ἀρχηγὸς τῆς σωτ. Hb 2:10 (ἀρχηγός 3). ὁ θεὸς τῆς σωτ. μου 1 Cl 18:14 (Ps 50:16).—Used w. verbs: ἔχειν σωτηρίαν Hv 2, 2, 5; 3, 6, 1; m 10, 2, 4; 12, 3, 6. κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν Hb 1:14. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σωτ. κατεργάζεσθαι Phil 2:12 (κατεργάζομαι 2). σωτηρίας τυχεῖν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰ. 2 Ti 2:10 (τυχεῖν σωτηρίας: Diod S 11, 4, 4; 11, 9, 1). εἰς σωτηρίαν for salvation (i.e. to appropriate it for oneself or grant it to another) Ro 1:16; 10:1, 10; 2 Cor 7:10; Phil 1:19 (ἀποβαίνω 2); 2 Th 2:13; 2 Ti 3:15; 1 Pt 2:2. πόρρω … ἀπὸ τῆς σωτ. 1Cl 39:9 (Job 3:4). τὰ ἀνήκοντα εἰς σωτηρίαν the things that pertain to salvation 1 Cl 45:1; B 17:1 (cp. SIG 1157, 12f).—σωτηρία is plainly expected to be fully culminated w. the second coming of the Lord Ro 13:11; Hb 9:28; 1 Pt 1:5.—(ἡ) σωτηρία without further qualification= salvation is also found Lk 19:9 (cp. GJs 19:2); J 4:22 (ἡ σωτ. ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν); Ac 4:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 23 ἐν θεῷ εἶναι τ. σωτηρίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐν ἄλλῳ); Ro 11:11; 2 Cor 1:6; Hb 2:3 (τηλικαύτη σωτ.); 6:9. ἡ σωτ. ἡμῶν 2 Cl 1:1; 17:5; B 2:10.—Christ died even for the salvation of the repentant Ninevites in the time of Jonah 1 Cl 7:7; cp. vs. 4.—σωτηρία stands by metonymy for σωτήρ (in the quot. fr. Is 49:6) τοῦ εἶναί σε εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς Ac 13:47; B 14:8. On the other hand, for a circumstance favorable for our attainment of salvation ἡγεῖσθαί τι σωτηρίαν 2 Pt 3:15.—In the three places in Rv in which σωτ. appears as part of a doxology we have a Hebraism (salvation as victory intimately associated w. God; PEllingworth, BT 34, ’83, 444f; cp. Ps 3:9 and PsSol 10:8 τοῦ κυρίου ἡ σωτηρία) 7:10; 12:10; 19:1.—LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 248–66; HHaerens, Σωτήρ et σωτηρία dans la religion grecque: Studia Hellenistica 5, ’48, 57–68; FDölger, Ac 6, ’50, 257–63.—DELG s.v. σῶς. RLoewe, JTS 32, ’81, 341–68 (ins pp. 364–68). DBS XI 486–739. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

σωτήριος, ον (σωτήρ; Trag., Thu.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 51:4; Test12Patr, Philo, Joseph.; Just., D. 13, 1; 24, 1; 74, 3) pert. to salvation, saving, delivering, preserving, bringing salvation.

ⓐ as adj. ἐπεφάνη ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all human beings (ς. τινι as Thu. 7, 64, 2 τοῖς ξύμπασι σωτήριος) Tit 2:11.

ⓑ subst., neut. τὸ σωτήριον means of deliverance, then also the deliverance itself (Aeschyl. et al.; Plut., Lucian; Herm. Wr. 10, 15 τοῦτο μόνον σωτήριον ἀνθρώπῳ ἐστίν, ἡ γνῶσις τοῦ θεοῦ; LXX; Jos., Bell. 3, 171; 6, 310 [τὰ σωτήρια of God]; Just., D. 74, 3b.—ταπεινοφρονσύνης ς[ω]τ̣ή[ρ]ιον Did., Gen. 70, 26), in our lit. of Messianic salvation and the one who mediates it. Dg 12:9. W. gen. τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ (TestSim 7:1; cp. TestDan 5:10) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); Ac 28:28; 1 Cl 35:12 (Ps 49:23); cp. 18:12 (Ps 50:14); περικεφαλαία τοῦ σωτηρίου Eph 6:17 (Is 59:17). θήσομαι ἐν σωτηρίῳ 1 Cl 15:6 (v.l. σωτηρίᾳ=Ps 11:6).—Also of the σωτήρ himself εὕρομεν τὸ σωτήριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χρ. 36:1. εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου τὸ σωτήριόν σου Lk 2:30.—ELohse, Passafest, ’53, 50–56 (‘peace-offering’ in some LXX passages).—DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. TW. Spicq.

σωφρονίζω (σώφρων) fut. 2 sg. σωφρονίσεις Is 38:16 Aq. (Eur., Thu. et al.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 493) ‘bring to one’s senses’ τινά someone (Demosth. 25, 93; Dio Chrys. 17 [34], 49; Maximus Tyr. 30, 5g; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 20 IV, 11; Jos., Ant. 5, 256, Bell. 3, 445; 4, 119), to instruct in prudence or behavior that is becoming and shows good judgment, encourage, advise, urge (s. GGerhard, Phoinix v. Kolophon 1909, 35ff) w. acc. and inf. foll. ἵνα σωφρονίζωσιν τὰς νέας φιλάνδρους εἶναι Tit 2:4.—DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. TW. Spicq.

① in non-biblical Gk. with act. force (=σωφρόνισις) the teaching of prudence, advice, improvement (Strabo 1, 2, 3; Plut., Cato Maj. 338 [5, 1], Mor. 653c; 961d; Appian, Liby. 65 §290; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 193; Jos., Bell. 2, 9, Ant. 17, 210); the Syriac version understands 2 Ti 1:7 in this sense. The Spirit functions in such a way that Christians learn to exercise prudence. But mng. 2 is prob. to be preferred here.

② exercise of prudence, moderation, self-discipline, prudence (=σωφροσύνη. So the Vulgate. σωφρονισμός is used in someth. like this sense in Plut., Mor. 712c; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30, 174).—DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. TW. Spicq.

σωφροσύνη, ης, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX [esp. 4 Macc]; TestJos, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just., Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 19; one of the four cardinal virtues; for the Hellenic perspective of general harmony of the κόσμος and φύσις s. JKube, ΤΕΧΝΗ and ΑΡΕΤΗ, ’69, 46)

① gener. soundness of mind, reasonableness, rationality (s. σωφρονέω 1; in contrast to μανία X., Mem. 1, 1, 16; Pla., Prot. 323b; Iren. 1, 26, 1) ἀληθείας καὶ σωφροσύνης ῥήματα true and rational words (opp. μαίνομαι) Ac 26:25.

② practice of prudence, good judgment, moderation, self-control as exercise of care and intelligence appropriate to circumstances (Pla., Rep. 4, 430e ἡ σωφροσύνη ἐστὶ καὶ ἡδονῶν τινων καὶ ἐπιθυμιῶν ἐγκράτεια, cp. Phd. 68c, Symp. 196c; Aristot., Rhet. 1, 9, 9 σωφροσύνη δὲ ἀρετὴ διʼ ἣν πρὸς τὰς ἡδονὰς τοῦ σώματος οὕτως ἔχουσιν ὡς ὁ νόμος κελεύει, ἀκολασία δὲ τοὐναντίον, De Virt. et Vit. 2; Diog. L. 3, 91; 4 Macc 1:3, 31; Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 48, C. Ap. 2, 170 [w. other virtues]; Just., A I, 6, 1; 10, 1 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 29, 13; Did., Gen. 27, 15) w. ἁγνεία IEph 10:3. W. still other virtues (Theoph. Ant. 3, 15 [p. 234, 13]) 1 Cl 64. W. ἐγκράτεια (so Ath.) and other virtues 62:2. Esp. as a woman’s virtue decency, chastity (Diod S 3, 57, 3; Phalaris, Ep. 78, 1; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 51 w. αἰδώς; Jos., Ant. 18, 73; BGU 1024, 8; 15; grave ins APF 5, 1913, 169 no. 24. S. σωφρονέω 2; TDrew-Bear, Three Inscriptions fr. Kyme: EpigrAnat 1, ’83, ’97 n. 56 [lit.]) w. αἰδώς (X., Cyr. 8, 1, 30f and Philo, above) 1 Ti 2:9 (EpigrAnat 1, ’83, 97 n. 56). W. other virtues vs. 15.—TBird, CBQ 2, ’40, 259–63; AKollmann, Sophrosyne: WienerStud 59, ’41, 12–34; HNorth, Sophrosyne ’66.—DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

σώφρων, ον, gen. ονος (σώφρων, φρήν, prim. ‘one of sound mind’) (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, 4 Macc, Test12Patr; JosAs 4:9; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 10, 3) pert. to being in control of onself, prudent, thoughtful, self-controlled (the Hellenic model is avoidance of extremes and careful consideration for responsible action: Aristot., EN 3, 15, end ἐπιθυμεῖ ὁ σώφρων ὧν δεῖ καὶ ὡς δεῖ καὶ ὅτε=the prudent pers. is intent on the what, the how, and the when of doing what should be done; Aeschin., C. Ctesiph 170 of one moderate in lifestyle so as not to be tempted by bribes) w. πιστός 1 Cl 63:3; w. other virtues Tit 2:2. Being a characteristic of persons distinguished for public service, ς. appears in the list of qualifications for an ἐπίσκοπος 1 Ti 3:2 (used w. κόσμιος as Lysias 21, 19; Pla., Gorg. 508a; Menand., Sam. 344 S. [129 Kö.]; Lucian, Bis Accus. 17; IMagnMai 162, 6; cp. MAMA VIII, 412c, 5f ζήσαντα κοσμίω καὶ σωφρόνως); Tit 1:8 (w. δίκαιος as EpArist 125).—Esp. of women chaste, decent, modest (Menand., Fgm. 679 Kö.; Diod S 10, 20, 2. In ins on women’s graves: BCH 22, 1898, 496; 23, 1899, 301; 25, 1901, 88; IXanthos p. 149 no. 57, 5f; Philo; Jos., Ant. 18, 180.—Dssm., LO 267 [LAE 315]. S. σωφρονέω 2 and σωφροσύνη 2) Tit 2:5 (w. ἀγαθή as Jos., Ant. 6, 296).—ἡ σώφρων καὶ ἐπιεικὴς ἐν Χριστῷ εὐσέβεια 1 Cl 1:2.—B. 1213. DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. TW. Spicq.

σῴζω fut. σώσω; 1 aor. ἔσωσα; pf. σέσωκα. Pass.: impf. ἐσῳζόμην; fut. σωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐσώθην; pf. 3 sing. σέσωται Ac 4:9 (UPZ 122, 18 [157 B.C.] σέσωμαι) w. σέσῳσται or σέσωσται as v.l. (s. Tdf. ad loc. and B-D-F §26); ptc. σεσῳσμένος Eph 2:5, 8 (Hom.+—σῴζω [=σωί̈ζω] and the forms surely derived fr. it are to be written w. ι subscript. On the other hand, it is not possible to say how far the ι has spread fr. the present to the tenses formed fr. the root σω-. Kühner-Bl. II 544; B-D-F §26; Mlt-H. 84; Mayser 134)

① to preserve or rescue fr. natural dangers and afflictions, save, keep from harm, preserve, rescue (X., An. 3, 2, 10 οἱ θεοὶ … ἱκανοί εἰσι κ. τοὺς μεγάλους ταχὺ μικροὺς ποιεῖν κ. τοὺς μικροὺς σῴζειν; Musonius p. 32, 10; Chion, Ep. 11; 12 θεοῦ σῴζοντος πλευσοῦμαι; Ar. [Milne 74, 15]).

ⓐ save from death (ins [I B.C.]: Sb 8138, 34 σῴζονθʼ οὗτοι ἅπαντες who call upon Isis in the hour of death) τινά someone (Apollon. Rhod. 3, 323 θεός τις ἅμμʼ [=ἡμᾶς] ἐσάωσεν from danger of death at sea; Diod S 11, 92, 3; PsSol 13:2 ἀπὸ ῥομφαίας [cp. Ps 21:21]) Mt 14:30; 27:40, 42, 49; Mk 15:30f; Lk 23:35ab, 37, 39; 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:9); 59, 4; AcPl Ha 5, 12. Pass. (TestJob 19:2 πῶς οὖν σὺ ἐσώθῃς;) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; J 11:12 (ἐγερθήσεται P⁷⁵); Ac 27:20, 31; 1 Cl 7:6. Abs., w. acc. easily supplied Mt 8:25. ψυχὴν σῶσαι save a life (Achilles Tat. 5, 22, 6; PTebt 56, 11 [II B.C.] σῶσαι ψυχὰς πολλάς; EpArist 292; Jos., Ant. 11, 255) Mk 3:4; Lk 6:9; 21:19 v.l. τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι save one’s own life (Gen 19:17; 1 Km 19:11; Jer 31:6) Mt 16:25; Mk 8:35a=Lk 9:24a (on Mk 8:35b=Lk 9:24b s. 2aβ below); 17:33 v.l. (PGM 5, 140 κύριε [a god] σῶσον ψυχήν).

ⓑ w. ἔκ τινος bring out safely fr. a situation fraught w. mortal danger (X., An. 3, 2, 11; SIG 1130, 1 ἐκ κινδύνων; OGI 69, 4; JosAs 4:8 ἐκ τοῦ λιμοῦ; 28:16 ἐκ τῆς ὀργῆς; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 286) ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου Jd 5. ἐκ χειρὸς Φαραώ AcPl Ha 8, 11; ἐκ Σοδόμων 1 Cl 11:1 (Pla., Gorg. 511d ἐξ Αἰγίνης δεῦρο). ἐκ τῆς ὥρας ταύτης J 12:27. ἐκ θανάτου from (the threat of) death (Hom. et al.; Pla., Gorg. 511c; UPZ 122, 18 [157 B.C.]) Hb 5:7.—Of the evil days of the last tribulation ἐν αἷς ἡμεῖς σωθησόμεθα B 8:6; cp. 1 Cl 59:4.

ⓒ save/free from disease (Hippocr., Coacae Praenotiones 136 vol. 5 p. 612 L.; IG², 1028, 89 [I B.C.]; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 68, 32 [132 B.C.]: gods bring healing) or from possession by hostile spirits τινά someone ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε Mt 9:22a; Mk 5:34; 10:52; Lk 8:48; 17:19; 18:42. Cp. Js 5:15; AcPl Ha 5, 31. Pass. be restored to health, get well (Just., D. 112, 1; Ael. Aristid. 33, 9 K.=51 p. 573 D.) Mt 9:21, 22b; Mk 5:23, 28; 6:56; Lk 8:36; Ac 4:9; 14:9. Also of the restoration that comes about when death has already occurred Lk 8:50.

ⓓ keep, preserve in good condition (pap; Did., Gen. 145, 1.—Theoph. Ant. 1, 12 [p. 84, 4]) τὶ someth. (Ath. 17, 2 ὁ τύπος … σῴζεται, R. 20 p. 73, 10 μνήμην and αἴσθησιν; Eunap., Vi. Soph. p. 107: θειασμός) pass. τὴν κλῆσιν σῴζεσθαι Hs 8, 11, 1.

ⓔ pass. thrive, prosper, get on well (SibOr 5, 227) σῴζεσθαι ὅλον τὸ σῶμα 1 Cl 37:5. As a form of address used in parting σῴζεσθε farewell, remain in good health B 21:9 (cp. TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 1 [Stone p. 60] σῶσόν σε ὁ θεός).

② to save or preserve from transcendent danger or destruction, save/preserve from eternal death fr. judgment, and fr. all that might lead to such death, e.g. sin, also in a positive sense bring Messianic salvation, bring to salvation (LXX; Herm. Wr. 13, 19 σῴζειν=‘endow w. everlasting life’.—Of passing over into a state of salvation and a higher life: Cebes 3, 2; 4, 3; 14, 1. Opp. κολάζειν Orig., C. Cels. 2, 38, 16).

ⓐ act. τινά someone or τὶ someth.

α. of God and Christ: God (ApcEsdr 2:17 p. 26, 9 Tdf. σὺ δὲ ὸ̔ν θέλεις σῴζεις καὶ ὸ̔ν θέλεις ἀπολεῖς) 1 Cor 1:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; AcPlCor 2:10, 16. The acc. is easily supplied Js 4:12. ὁ θεὸς ὁ σῴζων Mt 16:16 D.—Christ (Orig., C. Cels. 3, 14, 9): Mt 18:11; Lk 19:10; J 12:47; 1 Ti 1:15; 2 Ti 4:18 (εἰς 10d); Hb 7:25; MPol 9:3. σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν Mt 1:21 (ς. ἀπό as Jos., Ant. 4, 128); also ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν GJs 11:3; cp. 14:2. The acc. is to be supplied 2 Cl 1:7. διὰ τῶν ἁγνῶν ἀνδρῶν AcPl Ha 1, 16.

β. of persons who are mediators of divine salvation: apostles Ro 11:14; 1 Cor 9:22; 1 Ti 4:16b. The believing partner in a mixed marriage 1 Cor 7:16ab (JJeremias, Die missionarische Aufgabe in der Mischehe, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 255–60). One Christian of another σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου Js 5:20 (on ς. ἐκ θαν. s. 1a above). Cp. Jd 23. Of ultimate personal security 1 Ti 4:16a; Mk 8:35b=Lk 9:24b (for Mk 8:35a=Lk 9:24a s. 1a above).

γ. of qualities, etc., that lead to salvation ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε Lk 7:50 (s. 1c above). Cp. Js 1:21; 2:14; 1 Pt 3:21; Hv 2, 3, 2. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν π[λοῦτος ἢ τὰ νῦν ἐν τῷ βίῳ λαμπ]ρ̣ὰ σώσι (=σώσει) σε it’s not [the wealth or pomp in this life] that will save you AcPl Ha 9, 8 (for the restoration s. corresponding expressions 2, 21–27).

ⓑ pass. be saved, attain salvation (TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 3 [Stone p. 28] al.; Just., A I, 18, 8 al.; Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 15]) Mt 10:22; 19:25; 24:13; Mk 10:26; 13:13; 16:16; Lk 8:12; 18:26; J 5:34; 10:9; Ac 2:21 (Jo 3:5); 15:1; 16:30f; Ro 10:9, 13 (Jo 3:5); 11:26; 1 Cor 5:5; 10:33; 1 Th 2:16; 2 Th 2:10; 1 Ti 2:4 (JTurmel, Rev. d’Hist. et de Littérature religieuses 5, 1900, 385–415); 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); 2 Cl 4:2; 13:1; IPhld 5:2; Hs 9, 26, 6; AcPl Ha 1, 5 and 21.—σωθῆναι διά τινος through someone (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 8a p. 452 Jac. [in Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 213] σὺ μὲν διʼ ἐμὲ ἐσώθης, ἐγὼ δέ; Herm. Wr. 1, 26b ὅπως τὸ γένος τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος διὰ σοῦ ὑπὸ θεοῦ σωθῇ) J 3:17; 2 Cl 3:3; through someth. (Mel., P. 60, 440 διὰ τοῦ αἵματος) Ac 15:11; 1 Cor 15:2; 1 Ti 2:15 (διά A 3c); Hv 3, 3, 5; 3, 8, 3 (here faith appears as a person, but still remains as a saving quality); 4, 2, 4. ἔν τινι in or through someone 1 Cl 38:1; AcPl Ha 2, 29; in or through someth. Ac 4:12; 11:14; Ro 5:10. ὑπό τινος by someone (Herm. Wr. 9, 5 ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ ς.; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 101 ὑπὸ θεοῦ σῴζεται) 2 Cl 8:2. ἀπό τινος save oneself by turning away from Ac 2:40 (on ς. ἀπό s. 2aα above; ELövestam, ASTI 12, ’83, 84–92). διά τινος ἀπό τινος through someone from someth. Ro 5:9.—χάριτι by grace Eph 2:5; Pol 1:3. τῇ χάριτι διὰ πίστεως Eph 2:8. τῇ ἐλπίδι ἐσώθημεν (only) in hope have we (thus far) been saved or it is in the context of this hope that we have been saved (i.e., what is to come climaxes what is reality now) Ro 8:24.—οἱ σῳζόμενοι those who are to be or are being saved (Iren. 1, 3, 5 [Harv. I 30, 9]) Lk 13:23; Ac 2:47 (BMeyer, CBQ 27, ’65, 37f: cp. Is 37:2); 1 Cor 1:18; 2 Cor 2:15 (opp. οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι in the last two passages); Rv 21:24 t.r. (Erasmian rdg.); 1 Cl 58:2; MPol 17:2.

③ Certain passages belong under 1 and 2 at the same time. They include Mk 8:35=Lk 9:24 (s. 1a and 2a β above) and Lk 9:[56] v.l., where σῴζειν is used in contrast to destruction by fire fr. heaven, but also denotes the bestowing of transcendent salvation (cp. Cornutus 16 p. 21, 9f οὐ πρὸς τὸ βλάπτειν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ σῴζειν γέγονεν ὁ λόγος [=Ἑρμῆς]). In Ro 9:27 τὸ ὑπόλειμμα σωθήσεται (Is 10:22) the remnant that is to escape death is interpreted to mean the minority who are to receive the Messianic salvation. In 1 Cor 3:15 escape fr. a burning house is a symbol for the attainment of eternal salvation (πῦρ a; cp. also Cebes 3, 4 ἐὰν δέ τις γνῷ, ἡ ἀφροσύνη ἀπόλλυται, αὐτὸς δὲ σῷζεται).—WWagner, Über σώζειν u. seine Derivata im NT: ZNW 6, 1905, 205–35; J-BColon, La conception du Salut d’après les Év. Syn.: RSR 10, 1930, 1–39; 189–217; 370–415; 11, ’31, 27–70; 193–223; 382–412; JSevenster, Het verlossingsbegrip bij Philo. Vergeleken met de verlossingsgedachten van de Syn. evangeliën ’36; PMinear, And Great Shall be your Reward ’41; MGoguel, Les fondements de l’assurance du salut chez l’ap. Paul: RHPR 17, ’38, 105–44; BHHW II 995, 1068.—B. 752. DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ἀνασῴζω pass. fut. 3 pl. ἀνασωθήσονται Ezk 7:16; aor. ptc. ἀνασωθείς LXX; pf. ptc. ἀνασεσῳσμένος LXX (s. σῴζω; Soph., Hdt. et al.; Hippocr., Ep. 11, 3 H. ἀνασῴζω τι; OGI 493, 21; UPZ 19, 12; PTebt 920, 24 [both II B.C.]; Jer 27:29; Zech 2:11; Jos., Ant. 5, 214; 6, 364; 365) rescue, save pass. τοὺς ἀνασῳζομένους Hb 10:14 P⁴⁶ (for τ. ἁγιαζομένους).—New Docs 4, 142, no. 41. DELG s.v. σῶς. TW.

ἀσωτία, ας, ἡ (s. σῴζω; Pla. et al.; Polyb. 32, 11, 10; 39, 7, 7; PFay 12, 24 [103 B.C.]; Pr 28:7; 2 Macc 6:4; TestJud 16:1; TestAsh 5:1 v.l.) the verb σῴζω refers to preservation, hence ἀσωτία gener. denotes ‘wastefulness’ (for a detailed discussion of the topic Aristot., EN 4, 1–45), then reckless abandon, debauchery, dissipation, profligacy, esp. exhibited in convivial gatherings (Athen. 11, 485a ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς τ. μέθας κ. τ. ἀσωτίας πολλὰ ἀναλισκόντων) debauchery Eph 5:18; wild living Tit 1:6; flood of dissipation τῆς ἀ. ἀνάχυσις 1 Pt 4:4.—DELG s.v. σῶς. M-M. TW. Spicq.