σκόλοπες

σκόλοψ

anything pointed: masc nom /voc pl

σκόλοψ, οπος, ὁ,

A anything pointed: esp. pale, stake,

κεφαλὴν πῆξαι ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι Il.18.177

; for impaling, E.IT 1430, El. 898;

ἐπὶ σκόλοψι ἀναρτᾶσθαι D.S.33.15

: pl. σκόλοπες, palisade,

τείχεα.. σκολόπεσσιν ἀρηρότα Od.7.45

; freq. in Il.,

ἐν δὲ [τάφρῳ] σκόλοπας κατέπηξαν 7.441

;

διά τε σκόλοπας καὶ τάφρον ἔβησαν 8.343

, cf. 12.63, 15.344;

σκόλοπας περὶ τὸ ἕρκος κατέπηξαν Hdt.9.97

, cf. E.Rh. 116, X. An.5.2.5 ([dialect] Att. usually σταύρωμα).

2 thorn, IG42(1).121.92 (Epid., iv B.C.), LXX Nu.33.55, al., Dsc.4.49, Babr.122;

σκόλοπες φοίνικος PMag.Osl.1.270

, al., cf. 2 Ep.Cor.12.7.

3 an instrument for operating on the urethra, Heliod. ap. Orib.50.9.4.

4 point of a fishing-hook, Luc.Merc.Cond.3.

II tree, E.Ba. 983 (lyr.).

⁺ ὁ N 3 1-0-2-0-1=4 Nm 33,55; Ez 28,24; Hos 2,8; Sir 43,19

thorn Hos 2,8

σκολόπων ἄκρα sharp peaks Sir 43,19; σκόλοπες ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ὑμῶν (they shall be) thorns or

splinters in your eyes Nm 33,55

→MM; NIDNTT; TWNT

σκάμβυκες· σκόλοπες, χάρακες, Hsch.

ἀπεισουτῆρες· σκόλοπες, Hsch.

ἄντομος, ὁ, dialectic form of ἀνάτομος,

A stake or pale, cf. ἄντομοι· σκόλοπες ([place name] Sicel), Hsch.: hence collectively, paling, boundary-fence, Tab.Heracl.1.15, al.; also, road adjoining such a fence, ib.2.13, al.

ὀξύς [(A)], ύδος, ἡ,

A wood sorrel, Oxalis Acetosella, Plin.HN27.112.

2 = ὀξύσχοινος, great sea-rush, Juncus acutus, ib.21.113.

3 = ὀξαλίς, sorrel, Rumex acetosa, Gal.11.667.

------------------------------------

ὀξύς [(B)], εῖα, ύ, [dialect] Ion. fem.

A

ὀξέα Hdt.9.23

, al., v.l. in Hp.Mul.1.64, al. (in codd. freq. ὀξέη, and so Babr.73.1 metri gr.): ὀξεῖα, poet. for neut. pl. ὀξέα, Hes.Sc. 348 :—sharp, keen, whether of a point or an edge, in Hom. and Hes. mostly of weapons or anything made of metal,

ἄκων Il.10.335

, al.;

ἄορ 21.173

, Hes.Sc. 457 ;

βέλος Il.4.185

, etc.; also of non-metallic substances,

λᾶας 16.739

;

μοχλός Od.9.382

;

σκόλοπες Il. 12.56

,64 ; ὀξεῖα κορυφή, of a mountain-peak, Od.12.74 ; so

πάγοι ὀξέες 5.411

; λίθος ὀξὺς πεποιημένος sharpened so as to serve as a knife, Hdt. 7.69, cf. 3.8 ; κυρβασίας ἐς ὀξὺ ἀπηγμένας brought to a point, Id.7.64 ;

ὄρεα ἐς ὀ. τὰς κορυφὰς ἀ. Id.2.28

; τὸ ὀ. the apex of a triangle, ib.16 ; of the heart, Arist.Resp. 478b5 ;

τὸ ὀ. τοῦ ᾠοῦ Id.GA 752b8

; ὀ. γωνία an acute angle, Id.Top. 107a16, al., Euc.1 Def.12, Archim. Spir.16 ;

Χρόνος ὀξὺς ὀδόντας Simon.176

; ἡ ὀξεῖα, name of a surgical instrument, Hermes 38.282, Heliod. ap. Orib.44.23.59 ; but also, a pointed splinter of bone, ib.46.20.5.

II in reference to the senses,

1 of feeling, sharp, keen,

ὀδύναι Il.11.268

; ὀ. ἠέλιος the piercing sun, h.Ap. 374 ; ὀξειᾶν ἀκτίνων πατήρ, i.e. the Sun, Pi.O.7.70 ;

Σείριος ὀξὺς ἐλλάμπων Archil.61

;

πῦρ ὀ. Anaxipp.1.12

; so

χιὼν ὀξεῖα Pi.P.1.20

; so also of grief and the like ,

ἄχος Il.19.125

;

μελεδῶναι Od.19.517

: and generally, sharp, severe,

μάχη ὀξέα.. γίνεται

keenly contested,

Hdt.9.23

;

ὀ. πυρετός Hp.VM16

([comp] Sup.);

[ἡ νόσος] ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ' ἀπέρχεται S.Ph. 808

; νόσοι, μανίαι, Pi.O.8.85, N.11.48 ([comp] Comp.), cf. Hp.Acut.tit., Archig. ap. Gal.9.887 ;

πάθαι Pi.P.3.97

;

ἐπιμομφά Id.O.10(11).9

, etc.

2 of the sight,

ὀξύτατον ὄμμα Id.N.10.62

;

ὄψις.. ὀξυτάτη τῶν διὰ τοῦ σώματος.. αἰσθήσεων Pl.Phdr. 250d

: freq. in neut. as Adv., ὀξύτατον δέρκεσθαι to be keenest of sight, Il.17.675 ;

ὀξύτατα καθορᾶν Pl.R. 516c

; so ὀξὺ νοεῖν notice a thing sharply, Il.3.374 ;

ὀξὺ προϊδεῖν Od.5.393

;

ὀξύτερον βλέπει Ar.Pl. 1048

, Lys. 1202 (lyr.): prov.,

ὀξύτερον τοῦ Λυγκέως βλέπειν Id.Pl. 210

, cf. Macar.Prov.6.41 ; also ὀξὺ ἄκουσεν heard with sharp ear, Il.17.256, cf. Pl.Lg. 927b ; ὀξεῖαν ἀκοὴν.. λόγοις διδούς keen attention, S.El. 30.

b of things that affect the sight, dazzling, bright,

αὐγὴ Ἠελίου Il.17.372

;

[Ἠελίου] ὀξύτατον πέλεται φάος εἰσοράασθαι 14.345

: hence of colours, Ar. Pax 1173 (v.

φοινικίς 2

) ;

αἱ ὀξεῖαι χροιαί Arist. Phgn. 806b4

;

πορφύρα Plu.Cat.Mi.6

, PHolm.20.36 ;

[ἐσθὴς] ὀξυτέρα καὶ τηλαυγεστέρα Ael.NA4.46

.

3 of sound, shrill, piercing,

ἀϋτή Il.15.313

;

ὀξὺ βοήσας 17.89

;

ὀξὺ δὲ κωκύσασα 18.71

;

ὀξὺ λεληκώς 22.141

;

ὀξέα κεκληγώς 17.88

, etc.; of whinnying horses,

ὀξεῖα χρέμισαν Hes.Sc. 348

; of young pigs,

ὀξὺ κεκράγατε Ar.Ach. 804

; of the scream of birds of prey,

ὀξέα κλάζων S.Ant. 112

(anap.) ; of metals,

ἰάχεσκε σάκος ὀξέα καὶ λιγέως Hes.Sc. 233

; also of the wail of the nightingale (cf. ὀξύφωνος),

ὄρνιθος ὀ. φθόγγον S.Ant. 424

; so ἐπηλάλαξαν τὸν ὀ. νόμον shrieked their shrill song, A.Th. 952 (lyr.) ; ὀξὺ μέλος, of the grasshopper, Ar.Av. 1095 (lyr.).

b of musical tones, in a technical sense, high-pitched, opp.

βαρύς, φθόγγοι Pl.Ti. 80a

, X. Cyn.6.20 ;

ὀξυτάτη χορδή Pl.Phdr. 268d

;

φωνὴ ὀξεῖα, βαρεῖα, μέση Arist.Rh. 1403b29

;

τῷ ὀξεῖ ἐν φωνῇ μὲν ἐναντίον τὸ βαρύ, ἐν ὄγκῳ δὲ τὸ ἀμβλύ Id.Top. 106a13

.

c in Music, δι' ὀξειῶν ([dialect] Dor. - ᾶν) interval of a fifth, Philol.6, Arist.Pr. 920a24.

d ἡ ὀξεῖα (sc. προσῳδία ) the acute accent, D.T.630.1, A.D.Pron.35.10, al.; τὸν τόνον φυλάσσειν ὀ. ib.60.1 ;

ὀ. συλλαβή Pl.Cra. 399b

;

ὀ. στοιχεῖον S.E.M.1.113

.

4 of taste, sharp, pungent, acid,

φακῆ X.Cyr.6.2.31

;

ὄξος Diph.18.1

;

οἶνος Alex. 141.12

;

ἐξ ὀξέος καὶ ἁλμυροῦ ξυνθεὶς ζύμωμα Pl.Ti. 74c

.

5 of smell, Arist.de An. 421a30 ;

ὀξύτατον ὄζειν τινός Ar.Ach. 193

.

III metaph., of the inner sense, sharp, keen, hasty, esp. quick to anger, passionate, epith. of Ares, Il.2.440,al. ;

μένος ὀξύ h.Hom.8.14

;

καρδίη ὀξυτέρη Thgn.366

;

θυμὸς ὀ. S.OC 1193

;

νέος καὶ ὀ. Pl.Grg. 463e

;

οἱ ἀκρόχολοι ὀξεῖς Arist.EN 1126a18

: so in ὀξύ-θυμος, -κάρδιος, -χολος.

2 sharp, quick,

δεινοὶ καὶ ὀξεῖς Pl.Ap. 39b

: c. inf.,

ἐπινοῆσαι ὀ. Th.1.70

;

γνῶναι.. ὀξύτατοι τὰ ῥηθέντα D.3.15

; also

εἰς πάντα τὰ μαθήματα ὀξεῖς Pl.R. 526b

;

τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις ὀξύς Luc.Salt. 81

.

IV of motion, quick, swift, post-Hom.,

ὀξυτάτους ἵππους Hdt. 5.9

(v.l. ὠκυτάτους) ;

ἱερακίσκος Ar.Av. 1112

;

ὀξυτέρῳ χαλινῷ S.Ant. 108

(lyr.) ; of a report,

ὀξεῖα βάξις διῆλθ' Ἀχαιούς Id.Aj. 998

; ὀξεῖαν ἐκβάλλει ῥοήν, of a dying man, Id.Ant. 1238, cf. A.Ag. 1389 ; of a flame, fierce, Thphr.HP5.9.3 ;

ᾄξας ὀξὺς νότος ὥς S.Aj. 258

(anap.) ; τὸ εὔψυχον.. ὀξεῖς ἐνδείκνυνται are quick in displaying, Th.4.126 ; opp. βραδύς, Id.8.96 ; opp. ῥάθυμος, Arist.EE 1240a2 ; opp. ἡσύχιος, Id.EN 1116a9 ;

ὀ. παράγγελμα Onos.10.2

; ὀ. καιρός an urgent crisis, Id.6.1, al.; ὁ ὀ. δρόμος the express post, POxy.900.7 (iv A. D.), 2115.6 (iv A. D.) ;

ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα Ep.Rom.3.15

: esp. in Adv. (v. infr.).

V regul. Adv. ὀξέως quickly, soon, βοηθεῖν, μεταχειρίσαι, Th.6.10,12, etc.; sharply, ὁρᾶν, αἰσθάνεσθαι, Pl.R. 567b, Phdr. 263c ; poet.

ὀξείως Epigr.Gr.986.3

([place name] Philae): [comp] Comp.

ὀξυτέρως Hp. Epid.3.17

.β' ; ὀξυτέρως ἀποθῄνσκειν ib.1.2 ; but,

2 neut. ὀξύ and pl. ὀξέα as Adv., v. supr. 11.2,3 : [comp] Comp.

ὀξύτερον Th.2.8

, Pl.Tht. 190a : [comp] Sup.

ὀξύτατον Il.17.675

, Pl.Lg. 741d ; or

ὀξύτατα Id.R. 401e

, al. (Cf. ὀξίνα, ὄκρις.)

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `crooked, bandy-legged' (LXX, hell. pap., Gal.),

Derivatives: σκαμβό-πους `with crooked feet' (Ps.-Archyt.), σκαμβόομαι `to curve' (Aq.). Further in H.: σκάμβυκες σκόλοπες, χάρακες (as θρῆνυξ a. o.); σκαμβάλυξ σκαμβός, στρεβλός (as if from *σκαμβαλος; cf. βαύκαλος a. o.; ταρβάλυξ, φεψάλυξ a. o.); σκαμβηρίζοντες ὀλισθαίνοντες (: *σκαμβηρός like ὀλισθηρός a. o.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S)

Etymology: Popular formation with α-vowel and β-suffix like κλαμβός, θραμβός; cf. further σκιμβός, λιμβός, λομβός and several other words not frequently found in literature (Chantraine Form. 260 ff., Schwyzer 496). For such a word one should not look for a straight genealogy. Inside Greek one thinks with Ehrlich Sprachgesch. 15 best of σκάζω (semantic doubts in WP. 2, 539); under non-Greek words Fick 2, 78 f. adduced OIr. camm `crooked', Gaul. PN Cambo-dūnum, so that one compares also the family of κάμπτω. Further combinations of varying value in WP. l.c., Pok. 918, W.-Hofmann s. cambiō and campus w. rich lit.; further to it Machek Ling. Posn. 5, 61. -- Cross of σκάζω with the very rare σκιμβός (Sommer Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 426) is not probable. -- The word is clearly Pre-Greek (suff. - υκ-, - αλ-); or does Celt. camb- points to a Eur. substratum?

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σκόλοψ, οπος, ὁ (Hom. et al.; Artem.; PGM 36, 152; 270; LXX) orig. ‘anything pointed’ such as a ‘(pointed) stake’, then someth. that causes serious annoyance thorn, splinter, etc., specif. of an injurious foreign body (SIG 1168, 92; Num 33:55 σκόλοπες ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς; Sext. Emp. in BGU 380, 8 τὸν πόδαν πονεῖς ἀπὸ σκολάπου; Aesop, Fab. 187 P.; 363 P.=Babrius no. 136, 18 L-P.; Artem. 3, 33; Cyranides p. 112, 24 a prescription for removing σκόλοπας κ. ἀκάνθας.—Field, Notes 187). Paul alludes to his illness (s. κολαφίζω 2 and also EMerrins, St. Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh: BiblSacr 64, 1907, 661–92. For varying viewpoints s. CBruston, L’Écharde de St. Paul: RTQR 21, 1912, 441ff; PJoüon, RSR 15, 1925, 532f; CNash, Paul’s ‘Thorn in the Flesh’: RevExp 28, ’31, 33–51; PMenoud, Studia Paulina [JdeZwaan Festschr.] ’53, 163–71; HClavier, ibid. 66–82; TMullins, JBL 76, ’57, 299–303; AHisey and JBeck, Journ. of Bible and Religion 29, ’61, 125–29; JThierry, D. Dorn im Fleisch, NovT 5, ’62, 301–10; MBarré, CBQ 42, ’80, 216–27; VFurnish, II Corinthians (AB) ’84, 547–50; DPark, NovT 22, ’80, 179–83; UHeckel, ZNW 84, ’93, 65–92. Lack of details makes impossible a truly scientific analysis of Paul’s σκ.) in ἐδόθη μοι σκ. τῇ σαρκί a thorn in the flesh was given to me 2 Cor 12:7. The fact that Celsus uses the word σκ. (2, 55; 68) w. evident scorn (Origen has σταυρός) to mean the cross of Jesus, can scarcely indicate that Paul is using it in that sense here, since he always says σταυρός elsewh. (against ASchlatter, Pls, d. Bote J. Chr. ’34, 666). Lucian also, in Peregr. 13, 337, contemptuously of the ἀνεσκολοπισμένος ἐκεῖνος σοφιστής. Cp. 11, 334 ἄνθρωπος ἀνασκολοπισθείς. A believer does not use that sort of language.—DELG. M-M. TW.