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21 nickel
['nikl]1) (an element, a greyish-white metal used especially for mixing with other metals and for plating.) nikel2) ((American) a five-cent coin.) päťcentová minca* * *• pätcent US• nikel -
22 nickel
['nikl]1) (an element, a greyish-white metal used especially for mixing with other metals and for plating.) nichel2) ((American) a five-cent coin.) (monedă de) 5 cenţi -
23 nickel
['nikl]1) (an element, a greyish-white metal used especially for mixing with other metals and for plating.) νικέλιο2) ((American) a five-cent coin.) νόμισμα των πέντε σεντ -
24 nickel
['nikl]1) (an element, a greyish-white metal used especially for mixing with other metals and for plating.) níquel2) ((American) a five-cent coin.) moeda de cinco cents -
25 nickel promoted guanylation of amines with isothioureas and thioureas
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > nickel promoted guanylation of amines with isothioureas and thioureas
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26 the condenser is tubed with copper-nickel
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > the condenser is tubed with copper-nickel
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27 Mond, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 7 March 1839 Cassel, Germanyd. 11 December 1909 London, England[br]German (naturalized English) industrial chemist.[br]Born into a prosperous Jewish merchant family, Mond studied at the Polytechnic in Cassel and then under the distinguished chemists Hermann Kolbe at Marburg and Bunsen at Heidelberg from 1856. In 1859 he began work as an industrial chemist in various works in Germany and Holland. At this time, Mond was pursuing his method for recovering sulphur from the alkali wastes in the Leblanc soda-making process. Mond came to England in 1862 and five years later settled permanently, in partnership with John Hutchinson \& Co. at Widnes, to perfect his process, although complete success eluded him. He became a naturalized British subject in 1880.In 1872 Mond became acquainted with Ernest Solvay, the Belgian chemist who developed the ammonia-soda process which finally supplanted the Leblanc process. Mond negotiated the English patent rights and set up the first ammoniasoda plant in England at Winnington in Cheshire, in partnership with John Brunner. After overcoming many difficulties by incessant hard work, the process became a financial success and in 1881 Brunner, Mond \& Co. was formed, for a time the largest alkali works in the world. In 1926 the company merged with others to form Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd (ICI). The firm was one of the first to adopt the eight-hour day and to provide model dwellings and playing fields for its employees.From 1879 Mond took up the production of ammonia and this led to the Mond producer-gas plant, patented in 1883. The process consisted of passing air and steam over coal and coke at a carefully regulated temperature. Ammonia was generated and, at the same time, so was a cheap and useful producer gas. Mond's major discovery followed the observation in 1889 that carbon monoxide could combine with nickel in its ore at around 60°C to form a gaseous compound, nickel carbonyl. This, on heating to a higher temperature, would then decompose to give pure nickel. Mond followed up this unusual way of producing and purifying a metal and by 1892 had succeeded in setting up a pilot plant to perfect a large-scale process and went on to form the Mond Nickel Company.Apart from being a successful industrialist, Mond was prominent in scientific circles and played a leading role in the setting up of the Society of Chemical Industry in 1881. The success of his operations earned him great wealth, much of which he donated for learned and charitable purposes. He formed a notable collection of pictures which he bequeathed to the National Gallery.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1891.Bibliography1885, "On the origin of the ammonia-soda process", Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 4:527–9.1895. "The history of the process of nickel extraction", Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 14:945–6.Further ReadingJ.M.Cohen, 1956, The Life of Ludwig Mond, London: Methuen. Obituary, 1918, Journal of the Chemical Society 113:318–34.F.C.Donnan, 1939, Ludwig Mond 1839–1909, London (a valuable lecture).LRD -
28 никелировать
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > никелировать
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29 plate
pleit1) (a shallow dish for holding food etc: china plates.) plato2) (a sheet of metal etc: The ship was built of steel plates.) placa3) (articles made of, or plated with, usually gold or silver: a collection of gold plate.) vajilla4) (a flat piece of metal inscribed with eg a name, for fixing to a door, or with a design etc, for use in printing.) placa5) (an illustration in a book, usually on glossy paper: The book has ten full-colour plates.) lámina, grabado6) ((also dental plate) a piece of plastic that fits in the mouth with false teeth attached to it.) dentadura (postiza)7) (a sheet of glass etc coated with a sensitive film, used in photography.) placa•- plated- plateful
- plating
- plate glass
plate n platotr[pleɪt]1 (dish, plateful) plato; (for church offering) platillo, bandeja2 (sheet of metal, glass) placa; (thin layer) lámina3 (metal covered with gold) chapa de oro; (with silver) chapa de plata4 (dishes, bowls - of gold) vajilla de oro; (- of silver) vajilla de plata5 (illustration) grabado, lámina6 (dental) dentadura postiza\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto have a lot on one's plate tener mucha faena, tener muchas cosas entre manosto give/hand something to somebody on a plate poner algo a alguien en bandejahot plate placa eléctricanumber plate matrículaplate glass cristal nombre masculino cilindrado, vidrio cilindradoplate rack escurreplatos nombre masculinoplate n1) plaque, sheet: placa fa steel plate: una placa de acero2) utensils: vajilla f (de metal)silver plate: vajilla de plata3) dish: plato m4) dentures: dentadura f postiza5) illustration: lámina f (en un libro)6)license plate : matrícula f, placa f de matrículan.• chapa s.f.• clisé s.m.• dentadura postiza s.f.• lámina s.f.• placa s.f.• plancha s.f.• plato s.m.• vajilla de plata s.f.v.• chapear v.• clisar v.• enchapar v.• niquelar v.• planchear v.• platear v.
I pleɪt1)a) c ( dish) plato mto hand o give something to somebody on a plate — servirle* algo a alguien en bandeja
to have a lot/too much on one's plate — tener* muchas/demasiadas cosas entre manos; (before n)
2)b) u ( coating) enchapado m3) ca) ( Phot) placa fb) (Art, Print) plancha fc) ( illustration) ilustración f, lámina f4) ca) ( Auto)(license or (BrE) number) plate — matrícula f, placa f de matrícula, patente f (CS), chapa f (RPl)
b) ( plaque) placa f6) ( home plate) ( in baseball) (AmE) home (plate) m, pentágono m
II
to plate something WITH something — recubrir* algo de algo
b) ( encase) \<\<machine/armored car\>\> blindar[pleɪt]1. N1) (=flat dish) plato m ; [of metal etc] lámina f, plancha f ; (for church collection) platillo m ; (=plateful) plato m- hand sth to sb on a plate- have a lot on one's plate3) (=silverware etc) vajilla fgold/silver plate — vajilla f de oro/plata
4) (=plaque) (on wall, door) placa f5) [of microscope] placa f6) (Aut) (=number plate) matrícula f, placa f7) (=dental plate) dentadura f (postiza)8) (=book illustration) lámina f, grabado m9) (Geol) placa f10) (Horse racing) (=prize) premio m11) (US) (Baseball) plato m2. VT2) (with armour) blindar3.CPDplate armour, plate armor (US) N — blindaje m
plate glass N — vidrio m cilindrado, cristal m cilindrado (Sp), luna f
plate rack N — escurreplatos m inv
plate tectonics N — (Geol) tectónica f de placas
plate warmer N — calentador m de platos
* * *
I [pleɪt]1)a) c ( dish) plato mto hand o give something to somebody on a plate — servirle* algo a alguien en bandeja
to have a lot/too much on one's plate — tener* muchas/demasiadas cosas entre manos; (before n)
2)b) u ( coating) enchapado m3) ca) ( Phot) placa fb) (Art, Print) plancha fc) ( illustration) ilustración f, lámina f4) ca) ( Auto)(license or (BrE) number) plate — matrícula f, placa f de matrícula, patente f (CS), chapa f (RPl)
b) ( plaque) placa f6) ( home plate) ( in baseball) (AmE) home (plate) m, pentágono m
II
to plate something WITH something — recubrir* algo de algo
b) ( encase) \<\<machine/armored car\>\> blindar -
30 plated
adjective (covered with a thin layer of a different metal: gold-plated dishes.) chapadoadj.• chapado, -a adj.['pleɪtɪd]ADJ2) (=armoured) blindado -
31 plating
noun* * *noun (a thin covering of metal: silver-plating.) die Versilberung, die Vergoldung* * *plat·ing[ˈpleɪtɪŋ, AM -t̬-]n Überzug m, Schicht f\plating of chrome/gold/silver Verchromung/Vergoldung/Versilberung fthe statuette had a \plating of gold die Figur war vergoldet* * *['pleItɪŋ]n(= act) (with gold) Vergolden nt, Vergoldung f; (with silver) Versilbern nt, Versilberung f; (with nickel) Vernickeln nt, Vernickelung f; (= material) Auflage f; (on ship) Beplankung f, Außenhaut f; (= armour-plating) Panzerung f* * *plating [ˈpleıtıŋ] s1. Panzerung f2. Panzerplatten pl4. TECH Plattieren n* * *noun* * *n.Metallüberzug m.Panzerung f. -
32 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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33 steel
сталь || стальной- abrasion-resistant steel
- acid Bessemer steel
- acid electric steel
- acid open-hearth steel
- acid steel
- acid-resisting steel
- age-hardenable steel
- ageing steel
- aircraft structural steel
- air-hardened steel
- air-hardening steel
- air-melted steel
- alkaliproof steel
- alkali-resistant steel
- alloy steel
- alloy tool steel
- alloyed steel
- alphatized steel
- aluminized steel
- aluminum grain-refined steel
- aluminum steel
- aluminum-coated steel
- aluminum-nickel steel
- aluminum-stabilized steel
- anchor steel
- angle steel
- annealed steel
- anticorrosion steel
- arc-furnace steel
- armco steel
- ausaging steel
- ausforming steel
- austenitic manganese steel
- austenitic Ni-Cr stainless steel
- austenitic stainless steel
- austenitic steel
- austenitic-carbidic steel
- austenitic-intermetallic steel
- automatic steel
- automobile steel
- axle steel
- bainitically heat-treated steel
- balanced steel
- ball bearing steel
- banding steel
- bandsaw steel
- bar steel
- basic Bessemer steel
- basic converter steel
- basic open-hearth steel
- basic oxygen steel
- bearing steel
- bearing-grade steel
- beaten steel
- beryllium steel
- Bessemer steel
- blanking steel
- blister steel
- blue steel
- boiler steel
- boron steel
- bottle-top steel
- bottom-run steel
- bright drawing steel
- bright steel
- bright-drawn steel
- bright-finished steel
- bronze steel
- bulb steel
- bulb-angle steel
- burned steel
- capped steel
- carbon nitrided steel
- carbon steel
- carbon tool steel
- carbonized steel
- carbon-martensite steel
- carbon-molybdenum steel
- carbon-vacuum deoxidized steel
- carburized steel
- carburizing steel
- case-hardened steel
- case-hardening steel
- cast steel
- cemented steel
- chain steel
- chilled steel
- chisel steel
- chrome steel
- chrome-manganese steel
- chrome-molybdenum steel
- chrome-nickel steel
- chrome-nickel-alloy steel
- chrome-nickel-molibdenum steel
- chrome-plated steel
- chrome-tungsten steel
- chrome-vanadium steel
- chromium steel
- chromium tool steel
- chromium-aluminum steel
- chromium-cobalt steel
- chromium-copper steel
- chromium-manganese steel
- chromium-molibdenum steel
- chromium-nickel steel
- chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel
- chromium-silicon steel
- chromium-tungsten steel
- chromium-tungsten-vanadium steel
- chromized steel
- clad steel
- cobalt steel
- cobalt-nickel steel
- coiled steel
- cold work steel
- cold-drawn steel
- cold-heading steel
- cold-rolled steel
- columbium-stabilized steel
- commercial forging steel
- commercial quality steel
- commercial steel
- common steel
- composite steel
- compound steel
- concrete-prestressing steel
- concrete-reinforcing steel
- constructional steel
- consumable electrode vacuum-melted steel
- controlled rimming steel
- converted steel
- converter steel
- copper steel
- copper-bearing steel
- copper-chromium steel
- copperclad steel
- copper-nickel steel
- copper-plated steel
- corrosion-resistant steel
- corrosion-resisting steel
- corrugated sheet steel
- CQ steel
- creep-resisting steel
- crucible steel
- crude steel
- cutlery-type stainless steel
- cyanided steel
- damascus steel
- damask steel
- DDQ steel
- dead-hard steel
- dead-melted steel
- dead-soft steel
- deep drawing quality steel
- deep drawing steel
- deep-hardening steel
- degasified steel
- deoxidized steel
- diamond tread steel
- die steel
- direct-process steel
- dirty steel
- dopped steel
- double-reduced steel
- double-refined steel
- double-shear steel
- drawn steel
- drill steel
- duplex steel
- dynamo sheet steel
- dynamo steel
- easily deformable steel
- EDD steel
- effervescent steel
- electric furnace steel
- electric steel
- electric tool steel
- electrical furnace steel
- emergency steel
- eutectoid steel
- exotic steel
- exposed quality steel
- extra deep drawing steel
- extrafine steel
- extrahard steel
- extrahigh tensile steel
- extrasoft steel
- face-hardened steel
- fagoted steel
- fashioned steel
- fast-finishing steel
- fast-machine steel
- faulty steel
- ferrite steel
- ferritic stainless steel
- ferritic steel
- fiery steel
- figured steel
- file steel
- fine steel
- fine-grained steel
- finished steel
- first quality steel
- flange steel
- flat steel
- flat-bulb steel
- flat-rolled steel
- forge steel
- forged steel
- forging die steel
- forging steel
- free-cutting steel
- free-machining steel
- fully deoxidized steel
- fully finished steel
- galvanized steel
- gear steel
- general purpose steel
- glass-hard steel
- grade steel
- graphitic steel
- graphitizable steel
- gun barrels steel
- gun steel
- Hadfield steel
- half-hard steel
- Halvan tool steel
- hammered steel
- hard cast steel
- hard steel
- hard-chrome steel
- hardened steel
- hard-grain steel
- heat-resistant steel
- heat-treated steel
- heavily alloyed steel
- heavy-fagoted steel
- heavy-melting steel
- hexagonal steel
- high-alloy steel
- high-carbon steel
- high-chromium steel
- high-cobalt steel
- high-creep strength steel
- high-ductility steel
- high-elastic limit steel
- higher-carbon steel
- high-grade steel
- high-hardenability core steel
- high-hardenability steel
- high-manganese steel
- high-nickel steel
- high-permeability steel
- high-quality steel
- high-resistance steel
- high-speed steel
- high-strength low alloy steel
- high-strength steel
- high-sulphur steel
- high-temperature steel
- high-tensile steel
- hollow drill steel
- hot die steel
- hot-brittle steel
- hot-rolled steel
- hot-work steel
- hot-working die steel
- hot-working steel
- HSLA steel
- H-steel
- hypereutectoid steel
- hyperpearlitic steel
- hypoeutectoid steel
- hypopearlitic steel
- Indian steel
- induction furnace steel
- induction vacuum melted steel
- ingot steel
- intermediate-alloy steel
- iron-chromium stainless steel
- irreversible steel
- killed steel
- knife steel
- knife-blade steel
- lead-coated steel
- leaded steel
- lean alloy steel
- ledeburitic steel
- light gage steel
- liquid-compressed steel
- loman steel
- low earing steel
- low-alloy steel
- low-alloyed steel
- low-carbon steel
- low-ductility steel
- low-expansion steel
- low-hardenability steel
- low-hardening steel
- low-manganese steel
- low-nickel steel
- low-phosphorus steel
- low-texture steel
- machine-tool steel
- magnet steel
- mandrel steel
- manganese steel
- manganese-killed steel
- manganese-silicon steel
- maraging steel
- martempering steel
- martensitic steel
- mechanically capped steel
- medium alloy steel
- medium-carbon steel
- medium-hard steel
- medium-strength steel
- medium-temper steel
- merchant steel
- mild steel
- milling steel
- mixed steel
- molybdenum steel
- needled steel
- nickel steel
- nickel-chrome steel
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel
- nickel-chromium steel
- nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel
- nickel-clad steel
- nickel-molybdenum steel
- nitrided steel
- nonaging steel
- noncorrosive steel
- nondeforming steel
- nonhardening steel
- nonmagnetic steel
- nonpiping steel
- nonrustic steel
- nonshrinking steel
- nonstrain-aging steel
- normal steel
- octagon steel
- oil-hardening steel
- open-hearth steel
- open-poured steel
- ordinary steel
- oriented steel
- overblown steel
- overheated steel
- over-reduced steel
- oxidation-resisting steel
- paragon steel
- pearlitic steel
- perished steel
- permanent-magnet steel
- PH steel
- piled steel
- pipe steel
- piped steel
- plain carbon steel
- plain steel
- planished sheet steel
- planished steel
- plate steel
- plow steel
- pneumatic steel
- polished sheet steel
- polished steel
- pot steel
- powder metallurgical compacted steel
- powdered metal high-speed steel
- precipitation-hardening steel
- precision steel
- pressure vessel steel
- primary steel
- puddle steel
- puddled steel
- punching steel
- purified steel
- PV steel
- QT steel
- quality steel
- quenched-and-tempered steel
- quick-cutting steel
- quick-speed steel
- rail steel
- railway structural steel
- rapid machining steel
- rapid steel
- raw steel
- red-hard steel
- refined steel
- refining steel
- refractory steel
- reinforcing steel
- rephosphorized steel
- resilient steel
- resulphurized steel
- rimmed steel
- rimming steel
- rising steel
- rivet steel
- rolled section steel
- rolled steel
- roller-bearing steel
- rose steel
- round steel
- rustless steel
- rust-resisting steel
- saw steel
- scrap steel
- screw steel
- secondary steel
- section steel
- selenium steel
- self-hardening steel
- semideoxidized steel
- semifinished steel
- semikilled steel
- shallow-hardening steel
- shape steel
- shear steel
- shearing steel
- sheet steel
- shock-resisting steel
- Siemens-Martin steel
- silchrome steel
- silicon steel
- silicon-killed steel
- silicon-manganese steel
- silver steel
- simple steel
- skelp steel
- slowly cooled steel
- soft steel
- special steel
- special treatment steel
- spheroidized steel
- spotty steel
- spring steel
- stabilized steel
- stainless clad steel
- stainless steel
- standard steel
- stock steel
- strain-aged steel
- stress-relieved annealed steel
- strip steel
- strong steel
- structural steel
- super-corrosion-resistant stainless steel
- superduty steel
- surface-hardening steel
- surgical steel
- tap steel
- tapped-on-carbon steel
- T-bulb steel
- tee-bulb steel
- tempered steel
- tensile strength steel
- ternary steel
- thermostrengthened steel
- Thomas steel
- through-hardening steel
- titanium steel
- titanium-stabilized steel
- tool steel
- Tor steel
- transformation induced plasticity steel
- transformer steel
- treated steel
- TRIP steel
- tube steel
- tungsten steel
- turbohearth steel
- two-ply steel
- tyre steel
- ultrastrong steel
- unkilled steel
- unsound steel
- vacuum carbon deoxidized steel
- vacuum degased steel
- vacuum-cast steel
- vacuum-induction melted steel
- vacuum-remelted steel
- valve steel
- vanadium steel
- water-hardening steel
- wear-resisting alloy steel
- weathering steel
- weld steel
- weldable steel
- welding steel
- wild steel
- wire rope steel
- Wootz steel
- wrought steelEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > steel
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34 Stanley, Robert Crooks
[br]b. 1 August 1876 Little Falls, New Jersey, USAd. 12 February 1951 USA[br]American mining engineer and metallurgist, originator of Monel Metal[br]Robert, the son of Thomas and Ada (Crooks) Stanley, helped to finance his early training at the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, by working as a manual training instructor at Montclair High School. After graduating in mechanical engineering from Stevens in 1899, and as a mining engineer from the Columbia School of Mines in 1901, he accepted a two-year assignment from the S.S.White Dental Company to investigate platinum-bearing alluvial deposits in British Columbia. This introduced him to the International Nickel Company (Inco), which had been established on 29 March 1902 to amalgamate the major mining companies working the newly discovered cupro-nickel deposits at Sudbury, Ontario. Ambrose Monell, President of Inco, appointed Stanley as Assistant Superintendent of its American Nickel Works at Camden, near Philadelphia, in 1903. At the beginning of 1904 Stanley was General Superintendent of the Orford Refinery at Bayonne, New Jersey, where most of the output of the Sudbury mines was treated.Copper and nickel were separated there from the bessemerized matte by the celebrated "tops and bottoms" process introduced thirteen years previously by R.M.Thompson. It soon occurred to Stanley that such a separation was not invariably required and that, by reducing directly the mixed matte, he could obtain a natural cupronickel alloy which would be ductile, corrosion resistant, and no more expensive to produce than pure copper or nickel. His first experiment, on 30 December 1904, was completely successful. A railway wagon full of bessemerized matte, low in iron, was calcined to oxide, reduced to metal with carbon, and finally desulphurized with magnesium. Ingots cast from this alloy were successfully forged to bars which contained 68 per cent nickel, 23 per cent copper and about 1 per cent iron. The new alloy, originally named after Ambrose Monell, was soon renamed Monel to satisfy trademark requirements. A total of 300,000 ft2 (27,870 m2) of this white, corrosion-resistant alloy was used to roof the Pennsylvania Railway Station in New York, and it also found extensive applications in marine work and chemical plant. Stanley greatly increased the output of the Orford Refinery during the First World War, and shortly after becoming President of the company in 1922, he established a new Research and Development Division headed initially by A.J.Wadham and then by Paul D. Merica, who at the US Bureau of Standards had first elucidated the mechanism of age-hardening in alloys. In the mid- 1920s a nickel-ore body of unprecedented size was identified at levels between 2,000 and 3,000 ft (600 and 900 m) below the Frood Mine in Ontario. This property was owned partially by Inco and partially by the Mond Nickel Company. Efficient exploitation required the combined economic resources of both companies. They merged on 1 January 1929, when Mond became part of International Nickel. Stanley remained President of the new company until February 1949 and was Chairman from 1937 until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAmerican Society for Metals Gold Medal. Institute of Metals Platinum Medal 1948.Further ReadingF.B.Howard-White, 1963, Nickel, London: Methuen (a historical review).ASD -
35 Riley, James
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1840 Halifax, Englandd. 15 July 1910 Harrogate, England[br]English steelmaker who promoted the manufacture of low-carbon bulk steel by the open-hearth process for tin plate and shipbuilding; pioneer of nickel steels.[br]After working as a millwright in Halifax, Riley found employment at the Ormesby Ironworks in Middlesbrough until, in 1869, he became manager of the Askam Ironworks in Cumberland. Three years later, in 1872, he was appointed Blast-furnace Manager at the pioneering Siemens Steel Company's works at Landore, near Swansea in South Wales. Using Spanish ore, he produced the manganese-rich iron (spiegeleisen) required as an additive to make satisfactory steel. Riley was promoted in 1874 to be General Manager at Landore, and he worked with William Siemens to develop the use of the latter's regenerative furnace for the production of open-hearth steel. He persuaded Welsh makers of tin plate to use sheets rolled from lowcarbon (mild) steel instead of from charcoal iron and, partly by publishing some test results, he was instrumental in influencing the Admiralty to build two naval vessels of mild steel, the Mercury and the Iris.In 1878 Riley moved north on his appointment as General Manager of the Steel Company of Scotland, a firm closely associated with Charles Tennant that was formed in 1872 to make steel by the Siemens process. Already by 1878, fourteen Siemens melting furnaces had been erected, and in that year 42,000 long tons of ingots were produced at the company's Hallside (Newton) Works, situated 8 km (5 miles) south-east of Glasgow. Under Riley's leadership, steelmaking in open-hearth furnaces was initiated at a second plant situated at Blochairn. Plates and sections for all aspects of shipbuilding, including boilers, formed the main products; the company also supplied the greater part of the steel for the Forth (Railway) Bridge. Riley was associated with technical modifications which improved the performance of steelmaking furnaces using Siemens's principles. He built a gasfired cupola for melting pig-iron, and constructed the first British "universal" plate mill using three-high rolls (Lauth mill).At the request of French interests, Riley investigated the properties of steels containing various proportions of nickel; the report that he read before the Iron and Steel Institute in 1889 successfully brought to the notice of potential users the greatly enhanced strength that nickel could impart and its ability to yield alloys possessing substantially lower corrodibility.The Steel Company of Scotland paid dividends in the years to 1890, but then came a lean period. In 1895, at the age of 54, Riley moved once more to another employer, becoming General Manager of the Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, which had just laid out a new steelmaking plant at Wishaw, 25 km (15 miles) south-east of Glasgow, where it already had blast furnaces. Still the technical innovator, in 1900 Riley presented an account of his experiences in introducing molten blast-furnace metal as feed for the open-hearth steel furnaces. In the early 1890s it was largely through Riley's efforts that a West of Scotland Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the Manufactured Steel Trade came into being; he was its first Chairman and then its President.In 1899 James Riley resigned from his Scottish employment to move back to his native Yorkshire, where he became his own master by acquiring the small Richmond Ironworks situated at Stockton-on-Tees. Although Riley's 1900 account to the Iron and Steel Institute was the last of the many of which he was author, he continued to contribute to the discussion of papers written by others.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute 1893–5. Vice-President, Iron and Steel Institute, 1893–1910. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.Bibliography1876, "On steel for shipbuilding as supplied to the Royal Navy", Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects 17:135–55.1884, "On recent improvements in the method of manufacture of open-hearth steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:43–52 plus plates 27–31.1887, "Some investigations as to the effects of different methods of treatment of mild steel in the manufacture of plates", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:121–30 (plus sheets II and III and plates XI and XII).27 February 1888, "Improvements in basichearth steel making furnaces", British patent no. 2,896.27 February 1888, "Improvements in regenerative furnaces for steel-making and analogous operations", British patent no. 2,899.1889, "Alloys of nickel and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:45–55.Further ReadingA.Slaven, 1986, "James Riley", in Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, Volume 1: The Staple Industries (ed. A.Slaven and S. Checkland), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 136–8."Men you know", The Bailie (Glasgow) 23 January 1884, series no. 588 (a brief biography, with portrait).J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Harvard University Press (contains an excellent summary of salient events).JKA -
36 cell
1) клетка3) элемент7) эл. шайба ( выпрямителя)8) эл. изолировочная гильза9) камера для работы с радиоактивными веществами10) строит. сегмент ребристого свода11) мн. ч. строит. пустоты в кирпиче или камне12) машиностр. гибкий производственный модуль, ГП-модуль, ГПМ; гибкий автоматизированный участок, ГАУ; ставочный участок13) ячейка памяти14) грозовой очаг, грозовой район ( в зоне полёта)16) полигр. растровая ячейка ( формы глубокой печати)17) пищ. диффузор18) ячейка ( тарный вкладыш)•cell with free diffusion boundaries — ячейка со свободной диффузией на границе жидкостей;cell with liquid junction — ячейка с жидкостным соединением;cell with open liquid junction — ячейка с открытым жидкостным соединением;cell without transference — элемент без переноса;-
polka dot solar cell
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absorbing cell
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accumulator cell
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acid cell
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Acker cell
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AD cell
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aeration cell
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aftertreatment cell
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agglomerate cell
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air-depolarizing cell
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air-hydrogen fuel cell
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airlift flotation cell
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airproof cell
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alkali-chlorine cell
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alkaline cell
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Allen-Moore cell
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aluminum cell
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amalgam cell
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ammonia-air fuel cell
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amorphous solar cell
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anisotropically etched solar cell
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aqueous fuel cell
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arc-heated cell
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array cell
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asymmetrical cell
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automated cell
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back-emf cell
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back-surface-field solar cell
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bag-type cell
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balloon calibrated solar cell
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basket cathode cell
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battery cell
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bearing cell
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Becquerel cell
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bell-jar cell
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bell cell
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bending part cell
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bifacial solar cell
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Billiter cell
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bimorph cell
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binary cell
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biomass fuel cell
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bipolar cell
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bit cell
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body cell
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body-centered cubic cell
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border cell
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box cell
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Bragg cell
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brine cell
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bubble cell
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cadmium cell
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carbon cell
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cascade solar cell
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cell of table
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central cell
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chargeable cell
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chemical cell
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chlorine cell
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Clark cell
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cleaner cell
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climatic cell
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closed cell
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close-packed atomic cell
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color cell
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combustion cell
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competent cell
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complex galvanic cell
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composite cell
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conductivity cell
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consumable-electrode cell
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convection cell
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corrosion cell
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counter electromotive cell
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counter cell
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counting cell
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crown cell
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crystal cell
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data cell
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delay cell
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desalting cell
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detector cell
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diamond cubic unit cell
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diaphragm cell
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diffraction cell
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diffused-junction solar cell
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diffusion cell
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disk stack cell
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Doppler-resolution cell
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drift field solar cell
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driver cell
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dry cell
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dummy cell
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dye cell
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ECM cell
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edge-illuminated solar cell
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Edison storage cell
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electrical electrochemical cell
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electric electrochemical cell
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electrical cell
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electric cell
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electrochemical machining cell
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electroluminescent cell
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electrolytic cell
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electrowinning cell
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emergency cell
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emission cell
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end cell
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epitaxial solar cell
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exposure cell
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fabric cell
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face-centered cubic cell
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faceted solar cell
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Faraday cell
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filter cell
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flat cell
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flotation cell
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flow-through cell
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fluid cooled solar cell
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fluorine cell
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front-surface-field solar cell
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front-wall solar cell
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froth flotation cell
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fuel cell
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fuel debottling cell
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fuel handling cell
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fuel-reprocessing cell
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fused cell
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galvanic cell
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gamma-measuring cell
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gas cell
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graded bandgap solar cell
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grating-type solar cell
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group-technology cell
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Hall cell
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heteroface solar cell
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heterojunction solar cell
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high-bandgap solar cell
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high-intensity solar cell
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high-level cell
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high-temperature fuel cell
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hole matrix vertical junction solar cell
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hole matrix vertical solar cell
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homojunction solar cell
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hot cell
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humidity cell
-
hydraulic load cell
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hydrogen cell
-
hydrogenerated amorphous silicon solar cell
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indicator cell
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induced-junction solar cell
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integral diode solar cell
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intermediate-level cell
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inversion layer solar cell
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junction solar cell
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Kerr cell
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lattice cell
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lead-acid cell
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lead cell
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lead-zinc cell
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Leclanche cell
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library cell
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light cell
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light-sensitive cell
-
light-switching cell
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liquid crystal cell
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liquid junction solar cell
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lithium counterdoped silicon solar cell
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lithium-chlorine cell
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lithium-sulfur cell
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load cell
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low-bandgap solar cell
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low-level cell
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machining cell
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magnesium cell
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manufacturing cell
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master cell
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matrix solar cell
-
mat-type cell
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measuring cell
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memory cell
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mercury cell
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minimum manned machining cell
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monofacial solar cell
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monolithic solar cell
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multibandgap solar cell
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multicolor solar cell
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multielectrode cell
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multijunction solar cell
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multilayer solar cell
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multilevel cell
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multipass absorption cell
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NC cell
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neoprene fuel cell
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new fuel storage cell
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nickel-cadmium cell
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nickel-iron cell
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nickel-zinc cell
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noise cell
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nonideal solar cell
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normal cell
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one-device cell
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optimum work cell
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optoelectronic cell
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oxidation-reduction cell
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oxygen cell
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oxygen-hydrogen cell
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oxyhydrogen cell
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painting cell
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part washing cell
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partially manned machining cell
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parting cell
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permeabilized cell
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petite cell
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photochemical cell
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photoconducting cell
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photoelectric cell
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photoelectrochemical cell
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photoelectrolytical cell
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photoelectrolytic cell
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photoemissive cell
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photogalvanic cell
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photomultiplier cell
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photoresistance cell
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photosensitive cell
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photovoltaic cell
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pickling cell
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piezoelectric cell
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pilot cell
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p-i-n solar cell
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planar solar cell
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plunge cell
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pneumatic cell
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point contact solar cell
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polycrystalline solar cell
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pressure cell
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primary cell
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processing cell
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pump cell
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purification cell
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radar-resolution cell
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radar cell
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radiation hardened solar cell
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range-resolution cell
-
rechargeable cell
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rectifying cell
-
reference solar cell
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refining cell
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refresh cell
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regenerative fuel cell
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regulator cell
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resolution cell
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resting cell
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retreatment cell
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ribbon solar cell
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robotic work cell
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robot work cell
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robotic cell
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robotic welding cell
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rocking cell
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roll cell
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rotating anode cell
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rotating cathode cell
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Schottky-barrier solar cell
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Schottky solar cell
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sealed cell
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sealed-in cell
-
seawater conductivity cell
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secondary cell
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selenium cell
-
self-adapting production cell
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self-contained machining cell
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self-refreshing cell
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self-sufficient cell
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semiconductor-electrolyte junction solar cell
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semimanned machining cell
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shadowed solar cell
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sheet solar cell
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sheet-pile cell
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silicon solar cell
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silo cell
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silver-zinc cell
-
single manufacturing cell
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single cell
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single junction solar cell
-
single-crystalline solar cell
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slot-type cell
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solar cell
-
solid-electrolyte cell
-
solid-state cell
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space solar cell
-
spherical solar cell
-
spinning cell
-
spray-deposited solar cell
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stacked solar cell
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standard cell
-
storage cell
-
surface-passivated solar cell
-
swarf removing cell
-
switching cell
-
tandem solar cell
-
thermal cell
-
thermal conductivity cell
-
thermoelectric solar cell
-
thermogalvanic cell
-
thin-film solar cell
-
transfer cell
-
tube cell
-
twisted nematic type cell
-
two-mirror absorption cell
-
ultrathin solar cell
-
unit cell
-
unmanned production cell
-
vertical junction solar cell
-
vertical solar cell
-
V-groove sofar cell
-
voltaic cell
-
water cell
-
wedged channel solar cell
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weighing cell
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welding cell
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Weston standard cell
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Weston cell
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wet cell
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work cell
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wraparound solar cell -
37 Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
[br]b. 15 February 1861 Fleurier, Switzerlandd. 13 June 1938 Sèvres, France[br]Swiss physicist who developed two alloys, "invar" and "elinvar", used for the temperature compensation of clocks and watches.[br]Guillaume came from a family of clock-and watchmakers. He was educated at the Gymnasium in Neuchâtel and at Zurich Polytechnic, from which he received his doctorate in 1883 for a thesis on electrolytic capacitors. In the same year he joined the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres in France, where he was to spend the rest of his working life. He retired as Director in 1936. At the bureau he was involved in distributing the national standards of the metre to countries subscribing to the General Conference on Weights and Measures that had been held in 1889. This made him aware of the crucial effect of thermal expansion on the lengths of the standards and he was prompted to look for alternative materials that would be less costly than the platinum alloys which had been used. While studying nickel steels he made the surprising discovery that the thermal expansion of certain alloy compositions was less than that of the constituent metals. This led to the development of a steel containing about 36 per cent nickel that had a very low thermal coefficient of expansion. This alloy was subsequently named "invar", an abbreviation of invariable. It was well known that changes in temperature affected the timekeeping of clocks by altering the length of the pendulum, and various attempts had been made to overcome this defect, most notably the mercury-compensated pendulum of Graham and the gridiron pendulum of Harrison. However, an invar pendulum offered a simpler and more effective method of temperature compensation and was used almost exclusively for pendulum clocks of the highest precision.Changes in temperature can also affect the timekeeping of watches and chronometers, but this is due mainly to changes in the elasticity or stiffness of the balance spring rather than to changes in the size of the balance itself. To compensate for this effect Guillaume developed another more complex nickel alloy, "elinvar" (elasticity invariable), whose elasticity remained almost constant with changes in temperature. This had two practical consequences: the construction of watches could be simplified (by using monometallic balances) and more accurate chronometers could be made.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1920. Corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences. Grand Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. Physical Society Duddell Medal 1928. British Horological Institute Gold Medal 1930.Bibliography1897, "Sur la dilation des aciers au nickel", Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 124:176.1903, "Variations du module d"élasticité des aciers au nickel', Comptes rendushebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 136:498."Les aciers au nickel et leurs applications à l'horlogerie", in J.Grossmann, Horlogerie théorique, Paris, Vol. II, pp. 361–414 (describes the application of invar and elinvar to horology).Sir Richard Glazebrook (ed.), 1923 "Invar and Elinvar", Dictionary of Applied Physics, 5 vols, London, Vol. V, pp. 320–7 (a succinct account in English).Further ReadingR.M.Hawthorne, 1989, Nobel Prize Winners, Physics, 1901–1937, ed. F.N.Magill, Pasadena, Salem Press, pp. 244–51.See also: Le Roy, PierreDVBiographical history of technology > Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
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38 plate
1. nouna plate of soup/sandwiches — ein Teller Suppe/belegte Brote od. mit belegten Broten
have something handed to one on a plate — (fig. coll.) etwas auf silbernem Tablett serviert bekommen (fig.)
have a lot on one's plate — (fig. coll.) viel am Hals od. um die Ohren haben (ugs.)
2) (metal plate with name etc.) Schild, das2. transitive verb[number] plate — Nummernschild, das
1) (coat) plattierenplate something [with gold/silver/chromium] — etwas vergolden / versilbern / verchromen
2) panzern [Schiff]* * *[pleit]1) (a shallow dish for holding food etc: china plates.) die Platte2) (a sheet of metal etc: The ship was built of steel plates.) die Platte3) (articles made of, or plated with, usually gold or silver: a collection of gold plate.) das Geschirr4) (a flat piece of metal inscribed with eg a name, for fixing to a door, or with a design etc, for use in printing.) das Schild5) (an illustration in a book, usually on glossy paper: The book has ten full-colour plates.) die Bildtafel6) ((also dental plate) a piece of plastic that fits in the mouth with false teeth attached to it.) das Gebiß7) (a sheet of glass etc coated with a sensitive film, used in photography.) die Platte•- academic.ru/56010/plated">plated- plateful
- plating
- plate glass* * *[pleɪt]I. nheaped \plate übervoller Tellerto pass round the [collection] \plate den Klingelbeutel herumgehen lassensteel \plate Stahlplatte fbrass \plate Messingschild ntchrome \plate Verchromung fgold \plate Vergoldung fsilver \plate Versilberung fthe knives and forks are silver \plate die Messer und Gabeln sind versilbert7. no pl (objects made of metal) Silber und Gold; (silver cutlery) Tafelsilber nt; (gold cutlery) Tafelgold ntthe thieves got away with £15,000 worth of church \plate die Diebe stahlen den Kirchenschatz im Wert von 15.000 Pfund10. CHEM\plate efficiency Bodenwirkungsgrad m11.▶ to give [or hand] sth to sb on a \plate ( fam) jdm etw auf einem silbernen Tablett servieren [o präsentieren]that gave United the victory on a \plate dadurch wurde United der Sieg praktisch geschenkt▶ to have [more than] enough on one's \plate [mehr als] genug zu tun habenII. vt▪ to \plate sth etw überziehento \plate sth with gold/nickel/silver etw vergolden/vernickeln/versilbern* * *[pleɪt]1. nplate supper (US) — Tellergericht nt
a dinner at 45 dollars a plate (US) — ein Essen für or zu 45 Dollar pro Person
to have sth handed to one on a plate ( Brit fig inf ) — etw auf einem Tablett serviert bekommen (inf)
2) (= gold, silver) Silber und Gold nt; (= tableware) Tafelsilber/-gold nt; (= plated metal) vergoldetes/versilbertes Metall; (= plated articles, jewellery) Doublé nt, plattierte Ware, Doublee nta piece of plate (= plated article) — ein Stück or Gegenstand aus Gold/Silber etc ein vergoldeter/versilberter etc Gegenstand
it's only plate — es ist bloß or nur vergoldet/versilbert etc
3) (TECH, PHOT, TYP) Platte f; (= name plate, number plate) Schild nt4) (= illustration) Tafel f5) (= dental plate) (Gaumen)platte f7) (BASEBALL: home plate) Gummiplatte f2. vtship beplanken; (with armour-plating) panzernto plate sth with gold/silver/nickel — etw vergolden/versilbern/vernickeln
* * *plate [pleıt]A s1. Teller m:a plate of soup ein Teller Suppe;2. US Gedeck n für eine Person3. Platte f:a plate of fish GASTR eine Fischplatte5. (Namens-, Firmen-, Tür) Schild n, Tafel f6. (Bild)Tafel f (Buchillustration)7. FOTO Plattea) (Glas-, Metall) Platte fb) Plattenglas n9. ELEK, TECHa) Anode f (einer Elektronenröhre etc):plate voltage Anodenspannung fb) Platte f, Elektrode f (eines Akkumulators)10. TECHa) Scheibe f, Lamelle f (einer Kupplung etc)b) Deckel m11. TYPO (Druck-, Stereotyp) Platte f12. TECH Plattenabdruck m13. KUNSTa) (Stahl-, Kupfer) Stich mb) Holzschnitt m14. TECHa) (Grob)Blech nb) Blechtafel f15. TECH Teller-, Hartzinn n16. plattierte Ware17. (Gold-, Silber-, Tafel) Besteck n18. SPORTa) Pokal m (besonders bei Pferderennen)b) Pokalrennen nB v/t TECH1. mit Platten belegen, panzern2. plattieren, dublieren, (mit Metall) überziehen3. Papier kalandern, satinieren4. TYPOa) stereotypierenb) Druckplatten herstellen vonpl. abk1. place Pl.2. plate3. plural Pl.* * *1. nouna plate of soup/sandwiches — ein Teller Suppe/belegte Brote od. mit belegten Broten
have something handed to one on a plate — (fig. coll.) etwas auf silbernem Tablett serviert bekommen (fig.)
have a lot on one's plate — (fig. coll.) viel am Hals od. um die Ohren haben (ugs.)
2) (metal plate with name etc.) Schild, das2. transitive verb[number] plate — Nummernschild, das
1) (coat) plattierenplate something [with gold/silver/chromium] — etwas vergolden / versilbern / verchromen
2) panzern [Schiff]* * *n.Platte -n f.Scheibe -n f.Tafel -n f.Teller - m. -
39 flip
̈ɪflɪp I
1. сущ.
1) а) прыжок через голову в воздухе, сальто б) подбрасывание в воздухе;
метание flip of a coin ≈ метание монеты
2) щелчок, легкий удар Syn: flick
1.
2. гл.
1) а) подбрасывать в воздухе;
метать flip a nickel ≈ бросить жребий б) переворачивать;
перекидывать( резким движением) to flip a pancake over to cook the other side ≈ быстро перевернуть блин, подкинув его, чтобы поджарить его с другой стороны to flip a notebook ≈ перелистнуть блокнот flip through ≈ пролистать
2) слегка ударять;
щелкать, хлестать Syn: flick
2. snap
3.
3) смахивать, стряхивать( резким движением) ∙ flip over ≈ потерять голову, сойти с ума to flip one's lid ≈ сл. очень рассердиться;
помешаться, лишиться рассудка II сущ. вид сладкого напитка из пива со спиртом III прил.;
разг. нахальный, бесстыдный;
дерзкий, наглый;
грубый;
легкомысленный The tone of the book is sometimes too flip. ≈ Стиль книги иногда слишком легкомысленный. Syn: impertinent, impudent, flippant легкий удар, щелчок (американизм) (разговорное) кувырканье, сальто (при прыжках в воду и т. п.) ;
(авиация) переворот через крыло;
полубочка( разговорное) непродолжительное путешествие самолетом слегка ударить, щелкнуть - to * (at) the horse with the whip подхлестнуть лошадь кнутом сбросить, смахнуть - to * the ash off one's cigarette стряхнуть пепел с сигареты подбросить в воздух (щелчком - монету и т. п.) двигаться рывками;
колыхаться( разговорное) садиться на ходу (в трамвай и т. п.) быстро перелистывать - to * through a book полистать /быстро просмотреть/ книгу (разговорное) обалдеть, потерять голову (из-за чего-л.) - to * over /for/ smth., smb. с ума сходить по чему-л., кому-л. - you'll * when you see my new car увидишь мою новую машину - закачаешься (разговорное) беситься, неистовствовать - when he *s it takes three men to hold him когда он входит в раж, его и трое не удержат (сленг) спятить, рехнуться (тж. * out) (американизм) (сленг) хохотать до упаду > to * one's lid (сленг) обозлиться, рассвирепеть;
запсиховать;
разразиться хохотом > to * one's lip болтать;
трепаться флип, горячий напиток из подслащенного пива со спиртом, яйцом и специями (разговорное) легкомысленный, бездумный развязный, бесцеремонный;
словоохотливый flip горячий напиток из подслащенного пива со спиртом ~ разг. (непродолжительный) по ~ лет в самолете ~ разг. (непродолжительный) по ~ лет в самолете ~ подбросить;
to flip a nickel амер. бросить жребий ~ смахнуть, стряхнуть (пепел с сигареты и т. п.) ~ щелчок, легкий удар ~ щелкать, ударять слегка ~ attr.: the ~ side разг. flip обратная сторона( грампластинки) ~ подбросить;
to flip a nickel амер. бросить жребий ~ attr.: the ~ side разг. flip обратная сторона( грампластинки) ~ attr.: the ~ side разг. flip обратная сторона (грампластинки) -
40 arsenic
noun(Chem.)1) Arsenik, das2) (element) Arsen, das* * *1) (an element used to make certain poisons.) das Arsen2) (a poison made with arsenic.) das Arsen* * *ar·senic[ˈɑ:sənɪk, AM ˈɑ:r-]* * *['Aːsnɪk]nArsen nt, Arsenik nt* * *A s1. Arsen n2. Arsenik nB adj [ɑː(r)ˈsenık] arsenhaltig, Arsen(ik)…:arsenic acid Arsensäure f;* * *noun(Chem.)1) Arsenik, das2) (element) Arsen, das* * *n.Arsen nur sing. n.
См. также в других словарях:
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