(in+ellipsis)

sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.

Prop.

With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).

Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

si vis, dabo tibi testes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:

si voltis,

id. ib. 1, 28, 44:

si placet,

id. ib. 2, 44, 71;

1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,

id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

id. ib. 1, 18, 30:

si populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23:

si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:

quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,

id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,

id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:

magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,

id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

si quisquam est facilis, hic est,

id. Att. 14, 1, 2:

si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:

id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,

id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:

dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:

si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

si aliquid dandum est voluptati,

id. Sen. 13, 44;

four times repeated,

id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):

noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:

ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?

id. 8, 7, 14.—

With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 12, 28:

nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:

si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—

Imperf.:

ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:

si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,

id. Sest. 1.—

Perf.:

SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:

si ita sensit, ut loquitur,

id. ib. 3, 21, 32;

1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,

id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:

si quid sceleste fecit,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:

si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):

minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:

quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?

Tac. A. 12, 37:

miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?

Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:

minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,

Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,

Cic. Brut. 2, 7:

si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:

si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,

id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):

non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:

non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,

id. Deiot. 4, 12:

nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,

Quint. 5, 10, 82.—

Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,

Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,

Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:

plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,

whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:

si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,

id. B. G. 3, 12.—

Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:

alte spectare si voles, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

si jam eminebit foras,

id. ib. 6, 26, 29:

si me audietis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 32:

si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:

id persequar, si potero, subtilius,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:

nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,

id. ib. 5, 3, 5:

si quid te volam, ubi eris?

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—

Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):

si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,

id. ib. 1, 40, 62:

expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,

id. ib. 1, 35, 55;

1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,

id. Lael. 4, 16:

accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,

si potuero,

id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:

si potuerit,

id. Off. 3, 23, 89:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

si modo interpretari potuero,

id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

si ne ei caput exoculassitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:

de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).

Pres.:

si habeat aurum,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:

abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,

id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,

si velim,

Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:

cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

si singulos numeremus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,

id. Caecin. 18, 51:

si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:

O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

Verg. A. 8, 560;

also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!

would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:

si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,

id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—

Imperf.:

qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:

quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,

id. ib. 2, 22, 39:

si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,

id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):

O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,

Verg. A. 11, 415;

and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,

id. ib. 5, 398.—

Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):

perii, si me aspexerit!

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

victus sum, si dixeris,

id. ib. 1, 1, 272:

Romani si casu intervenerint,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—

Pluperf.:

si aliter accidisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,

id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

si id fecisses,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:

si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,

id. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,

id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—

Ellipt.

With pron. indef:

istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,

id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—

In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):

plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,

Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:

utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,

id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:

hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:

si aliud nihil,

id. 2, 43.—

With forte:

intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,

perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:

vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:

quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?

Cic. Or. 16, 51:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,

id. Brut. 2, 7:

quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,

id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—

In partic.

In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:

apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,

Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;

si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,

id. Off. 2, 9, 31:

unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,

Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—

In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):

dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,

Liv. 3, 46:

adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,

id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—

Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:

dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—

In syllogistic reasonings:

si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,

id. Fat. 6, 12.—

= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):

quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:

quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,

id. Mur. 4, 8; and:

quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 85, 48.—

Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):

ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:

jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:

fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,

Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:

primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,

Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:

id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,

id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:

jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:

Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,

id. ib. 3, 75:

non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,

Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:

statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:

Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,

Liv. 39, 50:

expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

Val. Fl. 5, 562:

Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:

temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,

Liv. 1, 57.—

With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,

to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:

circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,

id. ib. 6, 37:

fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:

pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

Liv. 1, 7:

saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,

Verg. A. 9, 512:

ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,

Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:

milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,

id. 27, 28, 5:

alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,

Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:

consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,

id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:

is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,

id. 5, 8:

ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,

id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—

Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:

si deus si dea es,

Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:

hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,

Gell. 2, 28, 3.

sīc (old form sīce, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 12; also seic, C. I. L. 818), adv. [for si - ce; si, locat. form of pron. stem sa- = Gr. ho, ha, or hê, and demonstr. -ce; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 777], so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise, to this or that extent or degree, to such a degree, in this or that state or condition, in such a condition (syn. ita); sic refers, I. To a previous fact, description, or assumption.—II. To a subsequent independent sentence, = thus, as follows. —III. As a local demonstrative (deiktikôs), referring to something done or pointed out by the speaker, = thus, as I do it; thus, as you see, etc.—IV. As a correlative, preceding or following clauses introduced by conjunctions. —V. In certain idiomatic connections.

Referring to something said before, = hoc modo: sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae evertit, so, i. e. in the manner mentioned, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 3:

sic et nata et progressa eloquentia videtur,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 3:

facinus indignum Sic circumiri,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:

sic se res habet,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

sic regii constiterant,

Liv. 42, 58:

sic res Romana in antiquum statum rediit,

id. 3, 9, 1:

sic ad Alpes perventum est,

Tac. H. 1, 84; cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 104; Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 88; Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 11; Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86; 2, 32, 100; id. de Or. 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 201; 3, 29, 117; id. Brut. 40, 149; id. Rep. 2, 14, 27; 2, 20, 35; id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 4, 11, 5; 6, 17, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 19; 6, 30; 7, 62.—Often sic does not qualify the main predicate, but a participle or adjective referring to it:

sic igitur instructus veniat ad causas,

Cic. Or. 34, 121:

cum sic affectos dimisisset,

Liv. 21, 43, 1:

sic omnibus copiis fusis se in castra recipiunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

sic milites consolatus eodem die reducit in castra,

id. ib. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 62; Ov. M. 1, 32.—

In a parenthet. clause (= ita):

quae, ut sic dicam, ad corpus pertinent civitatis,

so to speak, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

commentabar declamitans—sic enim nunc loquuntur,

id. Brut. 90, 310; cf. id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. Lael. 11, 39; Liv. 7, 31; Ov. M. 4, 660; 13, 597; 13, 866.—

Referring not to the predicate, but to some intermediate term understood (= ita; cf.

Engl. so): sic provolant duo Fabii (= sic loquentes),

Liv. 2, 46, 7:

sic enim nostrae rationes postulabant (sic = ut sic agerem),

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6:

tibi enim ipsi sic video placere (sic = sic faciendo),

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

sic enim concedis mihi proximis litteris (= ut sic agam),

id. ib. 5, 20, 1:

sic enim statuerat (= hoc faciendum esse),

id. Phil. 5, 7, 208:

Quid igitur? Non sic oportet? Equidem censeo sic (sic = hoc fieri),

id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:

sic soleo (i. e. bona consilia reddere),

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 25:

sic soleo amicos (i. e. beare),

id. Eun. 2, 2, 48:

sic memini tamen (= hoc ita esse),

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:

haec sic audivi (= ita esse),

id. Ep. 3, 1, 79:

sic prorsus existimo (= hoc ita esse),

Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

quoniam sic cogitis ipsi (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 5, 178.—

As completing object, = hoc:

iis litteris respondebo: sic enim postulas (= hoc postulas),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 1:

hic adsiste. Sic volo (= hoc volo, or hoc te facere volo),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

sic fata jubent (= hoc jubent, or hoc facere jubent),

Ov. M. 15, 584:

hic apud nos hodie cenes. Sic face,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 8:

sic faciendum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2.—

Predicatively with esse (appellari, videri, etc.), in the sense of talis:

sic vita hominum est (= talis),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:

vir acerrimo ingenio—sic enim fuit,

id. Or. 5, 18:

familiaris noster—sic est enim,

id. Att. 1, 18, 6:

sic est vulgus,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 20:

sic, Crito, est hic,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 16: sic sum;

si placeo, utere,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 42:

sic sententiest,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 90:

sic est (= sic res se habet),

that is so, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

qui sic sunt (i. e. vivunt) haud multum heredem juvant,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 10:

nunc hoc profecto sic est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 42:

sic est. Non muto sententiam,

Sen. Ep. 10; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 35; id. Am. 2, 1, 60; id. Aul. 2, 4, 43; id. As. 5, 2, 12; id. Most. 4, 3, 40; Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; id. Ad. 3, 3, 44; Cic. Lael. 1, 5; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Or. 14, 46.—

Rarely as subject (mostly representing a subject-clause):

sic commodius esse arbitror quam manere hanc (sic = abire),

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 31:

si sic (= hoc) est factum, erus damno auctus est,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 15: Pe. Quid? Concidit? Mi. Sic suspicio est (= eam concidisse), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

mihi sic est usus (= sic agere),

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28:

sic opus est (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 1, 279; 2, 785.—

To express relations other than manner (rare).

Of consequence; un der these circumstances, accordingly, hence:

sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

sic et habet quod uterque eorum habuit, et explevit quod utrique defuit,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154:

sic victam legem esse, nisi caveant,

Liv. 4, 11, 5:

suavis mihi ructus est. Sic sine modo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 17. —

Of condition; on this condition, if this be done, etc.:

reliquas illius anni pestes recordamini, sic enim facillime perspicietis, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55: displiceas aliis;

sic ego tutus ero (sic = si displicebis),

Tib. 4, 13, 6:

Scironis media sic licet ire via (sic = si amantes eunt),

Prop. 4, 15 (3, 16), 12:

sic demum lucos Stygios Aspicies (= non aspicies, nisi hoc facies),

Verg. A. 6, 154 (for sic as antecedent of si, v. infra, IV. 5).—

Of intensity:

non latuit scintilla ingenii: sic erat in omni sermone sollers (= tam sollers erat ut non lateret ingenium),

Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37; cf. infra, IV. 4.

Referring to a subsequent sentence, thus, as follows, in the following manner (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, hujusmodi, ad hunc modum):

ingressus est sic loqui Scipio: Catonis hoc senis est, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1 (cf.:

tum Varro ita exorsus est,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 15): hunc inter pugnas Servilius sic compellat, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 Vahl.):

puero sic dicit pater: Noster esto,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38:

sic faciam: adsimulabo quasi quam culpam in sese admiserint,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 27 dub.:

salem candidum sic facito: amphoram puram impleto, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 88: sic enim dixisti:

Vidi ego tuam lacrimulam,

Cic. Planc. 31, 76:

res autem se sic habet: composite et apte sine sententiis dicere insania est,

the truth is this, id. Or. 71, 236:

sic loquere, sic vive: vide, ne te ulla res deprimat,

Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf. id. ib. 10, 1; Cato, R. R. 77 sqq.; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 177; Ter. Phorm. prol. 13; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 21, 29; 4, 4, 30; Cic. [p. 1691] Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Or. 1, 45, 198; 2, 40, 167; 2, 40, 172; id. Att. 2, 22, 1; 5, 1, 3; 6, 1, 3; Verg. A. 1, 521.—

Esp., with ellipsis of predicate:

ego sic: diem statuo, etc. (sc. ago),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16.—Sometimes sic introduces detached words: sic loqui nosse, judicasse vetant, novisse jubent et judicavisse (= they forbid to say nosse, etc.), Cic. Or. 47, 157.—

For instance (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, ut hoc, verbi gratia, ut si; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91 sq. infra):

disjunctum est, cum unumquodque certo concluditur verbo,

Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:

mala definitio est... cum aliquid non grave dicit, sic: Stultitia est immensa gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91.

As a local demonstrative, thus, so, etc. (deiktikôs; colloq.;

mostly comice): ne hunc ornatum vos meum admiremini, quod ego processi sic cum servili schema,

as you see me now, Plaut. Am. prol. 117:

sed amictus sic hac ludibundus incessi,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 31:

nec sic per totam infamis traducerer urbem,

Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 7:

sic ad me, miserande, redis?

Ov. M. 11, 728; cf. Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—So accompanied with a corresponding gesture:

Quid tu igitur sic hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25: Pe. Quid si curram? Tr. Censeo. Pe. An sic potius placide? (the speaker imitating the motion), id. Rud. 4, 8, 10:

non licet te sic placidule bellam belle tangere?

id. ib. 2, 4, 12:

quod non omnia sic poterant conjuncta manere,

Lucr. 5, 441.—

Here belong the phrases sic dedero, sic dabo, sic datur, expressing a threat of revenge, or satisfaction at another's misfortune: sic dedero! aere militari tetigero lenunculum,

I will give it to him, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 6; id. As. 2, 4, 33:

sic dabo!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 38:

doletne? hem, sic datur si quis erum servos spernit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 21:

sic furi datur,

id. Stich. 5, 5, 25; so id. Men. 4, 2, 46.—Referring to an act just performed by the speaker:

sic deinde quicunque alius transiliet moenia mea (= sic pereat, quicunque deinde, etc.),

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,

so will every one fare who, id. 1, 26, 5:

sic... Cetera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum (= sic ut interfeci te),

Ov. M. 12, 285.—So with a comp.-clause expressed:

sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum legatum jacentem videtis,

Liv. 8, 6, 6; cf. id. 1, 24, 8 (v. IV. 1. infra).

As correlative, with, 1. A comparative clause (sic far more frequent than ita); 2. A contrasted clause, mostly with ut; 3. A modal clause, with ut (ita more freq. than sic); 4. A clause expressing intensity, introduced by ut; 5. A conditional clause (rare; ita more freq.); 6. With a reason, introduced by quia (ante-class. and very rare); 7. With an inf. clause; 8. With ut, expressing purpose or result.

With comp. clauses, usu. introduced by ut, but also by quemadmodum (very freq.), sicut, velut, tamquam, quasi, quomodo, quam (rare and poet.), ceu (rare; poet. and post-class.), quantus (rare and poet.), qualis (ante-class. and rare).

With ut:

ut cibi satietas subamara aliqua re relevatur, sic animus defessus audiendi admiratione redintegratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

ut non omnem frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

ex suo regno sic Mithridates profugit ut ex eodem Ponto Medea quondam profugisse dicitur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

ut tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus de Themistocle finxit,

id. Brut. 11, 42:

sic moneo ut filium, sic faveo ut mihi, sic hortor ut et pro patria et amicissimum,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 3:

ut vita, sic oratione durus fuit,

id. Brut. 31, 117:

de Lentulo sic fero ut debeo,

id. Att. 4, 6, 1:

sic est ut narro tibi,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40; Cic. Inv. 2, 8, 28; id. Div. 2, 30, 93; id. de Or. 1, 33, 153; 3, 51, 198; Liv. 1, 47, 2; 2, 52, 7; Ov. M. 1, 495; 1, 539; 2, 165 et saep.—So in the formula ut quisque... sic (more freq. ita), rendered by according as, or the more... the...:

ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt postprincipia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 3:

ut quaeque res est tur pissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 7; v. Fischer, Gr. II. p. 751.—

With quemadmodum: quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere, sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non potest, Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:

quemadmodum se tribuni gessissent in prohibendo dilectu, sic patres in lege prohibenda gerebant,

Liv. 3, 11, 3:

sic vestras hallucinationes fero, quemadmodum Juppiter ineptias poetarum,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 6; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 23, 33; 2, 8, 28; 2, 27, 82; id. Or. 3, 52, 200; id. Lael. 4, 16; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 2, 13, 8; 5, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 5, 6 (bis); id. Clem. 1, 3, 5; id. Vit. Beat. 23, 4.—

With sicut:

tecum simul, sicut ego pro multis, sic ille pro Appio dixit,

Cic. Brut. 64, 230; 46, 112; id. Or. 2, 44, 186; id. Clu. 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Liv. 4, 57, 11; 7, 13, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 2.—

With velut:

velut ipse in re trepida se sit tutatus, sic consulem loca tutiora castris cepisse,

Liv. 4, 41, 6; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; Verg. A. 1, 148; Ov. M. 4, 375; 4, 705.—

With tamquam:

tamquam litteris in cera, sic se ajebat imaginibus quae meminisse vellet, perscribere,

Cic. Or. 2, 88, 360:

quid autem ego sic adhuc egi, tamquam integra sit causa patriciorum?

Liv. 10, 8:

sic Ephesi fui, tamquam domi meae,

Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1; cf. id. Or. 2, 42, 180; id. Brut. 18, 71; 58, 213; 66, 235; 74, 258; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16; 2, 14, 1; id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31; Sen. Ep. 101, 7.—

With quasi:

hujus innocentiae sic in hac calamitosa fama, quasi in aliqua perniciosissima flamma subvenire,

Cic. Clu. 1, 4:

ea sic observabo quasi intercalatum non sit,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

Quid tu me sic salutas quasi dudum non videris?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 51; cf. Cic. Or. 2, 11, 47; id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; id. Sen. 8, 26:

ego sic vivam quasi sciam, etc.,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 3.—

With quomodo:

quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter quod inhabile sciat, non accedet,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 3 (30), 4:

sic demus quomodo vellemus accipere,

id. Ben. 2, 1, 1; id. Ep. 9, 17; id. Ot. Sap. 6, 2 (32 med.); Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4.—

With ceu:

ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent... sic Martem indomitum Cernimus,

Verg. A. 2, 438.—

With quam:

non sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes, quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira,

Prop. 2, 9, 33; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 281.—

With quantus:

nec sic errore laetatus Ulixes... nec sic Electra... quanta ego collegi gaudia,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 5 sqq.—

With qualis:

imo sic condignum donum quali'st quoi dono datum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 40.—

Without a correlative particle, in an independent sentence:

Quis potione uti aut cibo dulci diutius potest? sic omnibus in rebus voluptatibus maximis fastidium finitimum est (= ut nemo cibo dulci uti diutius potest, sic, etc.),

Cic. Or. 3, 25, 100; cf. id. ib. 19, 63.—

In contrasted clauses, mostly with ut, which may generally be rendered while: ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum acer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est (almost = etsi ad bella suscipienda... tamen mollis est, etc., while, etc.), Caes. B. G. 3, 19: a ceteris oblectationibus ut deseror, sic litteris sustentor et recreor, while I am deserted, I am sustained, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 18, 55; id. Fam. 10, 20, 2; Liv. 4, 57, 11; Ov. M. 4, 131; 11, 76.—So freq. two members of the same sentence are coordinated by ut... sic (ita) with almost the same force as a co-ordination by cum... tum, or by sed:

consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen respondit (= vere fortasse, sed parum utiliter),

Liv. 4, 6, 2:

ut nondum satis claram victoriam, sic prosperae spei pugnam imber diremit,

id. 6, 32, 6:

(forma erat) ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis,

Ov. M. 14, 509; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 2; 5, 38, 2; 6, 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 370.—In this use etiam or quoque is sometimes joined with sic (never by Cic. with ita):

nostri sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello congruebant (= cum... tum),

Cic. Marcell. 6, 16:

ut sunt, sic etiam nominantur senes,

id. Sen. 6, 20:

utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspitionem vitare potuisses,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 33:

ut superiorum aetatum studia occidunt, sic occidunt etiam senectutis,

id. Sen. 20, 76:

ut voce, sic etiam oratione,

id. Or. 25, 85; id. Top. 15, 59; id. Leg. 2, 25, 62; id. Lael. 5, 19.—More rarely with quem ad modum, quomodo:

ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

quo modo ad bene vivendum, sic etiam ad beate,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 37. —

With a clause of manner introduced by ut = so that:

sic fuimus semper comparati ut hominum sermonibus quasi in aliquod judicium vocaremur,

Cic. Or. 3, 9, 32:

eam sic audio ut Plautum mihi aut Naevium videar audire,

id. ib. 3, 12, 45:

sic agam vobiscum ut aliquid de vestris vitiis audiatis,

id. ib. 3, 12, 46:

omnia sic suppetunt ut ei nullam deesse virtutem oratoris putem,

id. Brut. 71, 250:

omnis pars orationis esse debet laudabilis, sic ut verbum nullum excidat,

id. Or. 36, 125:

sic tecum agam ut vel respondendi vel interpellandi potestatem faciam,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

nec vero sic erat umquam non paratus Milo contra illum ut non satis fere esset paratus,

id. Mil. 21, 56:

sic eum eo de re publica disputavit ut sentiret sibi cum viro forti esse pugnandum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 49; id. Mil. 2, 2, 82; Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245; 2, 1, 3; 2, 6, 23; id. Brut. 22, 88; 40, 148; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Planc. 10, 25; id. Fam. 5, 15, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 5, 17; id. B. C. 3, 56; Prop. 1, 21, 5.—Sometimes the correlative clause is restrictive, and sic = but so, yet so, only so:

mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 4:

sic conveniet reprehendi, ut demonstretur etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 46, 86; id. Brut. 79, 274; id. Marcell. 11, 34; id. Att. 13, 3, 1 (ita is more freq. in this sense).—

With a clause expressing intensity (so both with adjj. and verbs; but far less freq. than ita, tam, adeo), to such a degree, so, so far, etc.:

sic ego illum in timorem dabo, ipse sese ut neget esse eum qui siet,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20 sq.:

conficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:

sic rem fuisse apertam ut judicium fieri nihil attinuerit,

id. Inv. 2, 28, 84:

cujus responso judices sic exarserunt ut capitis hominem innocentissimum condemnarent,

id. Or. 1, 54, 233; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 29; id. Brut. 88, 302; id. Or. 53, 177; 55, 184; id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 3, 9, 15; id. Lael. 1, 4; id. Planc. 8, 21; id. Verr. 1, 36, 91; id. Balb. 5, 13; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; 1, 16, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 1.—

Rarely conditional clauses have the antecedent sic.

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, to represent the result of the condition as sure:

sic invidiam effugies, si te non ingesseris oculis, si bona tua non jactaveris, si scieris in sinu gaudere,

Sen. Ep. 105, 3:

sic hodie veniet si qua negavit heri,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 20.—

Denoting with the proviso that, but only if (usu. ita):

decreverunt ut cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset si patres auctores fuissent,

that the choice should be valid, but only if the Senate should ratify it, Liv. 1, 17, 9:

sic ignovisse putato Me tibi si cenes hodie mecum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—

Sic quia = idcirco quia (very rare): Th. Quid vos? Insanin' estis? Tr. Quidum? Th. Sic quia foris ambulatis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 20.—

With inf. clause (freq.):

sic igitur sentio, naturam primum atque ingenium ad dicendum vim afferre maximam,

Cic. Or. 1, 25, 113:

sic a majoribus nostris accepimus, praetorem quaestori suo parentis loco esse oportere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

ego sic existimo, in summo imperatore quattuor res inesse oportere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 38; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Inv. 2, 55, 167; id. de Or. 1, 20, 93; 2, 28, 122; id. Brut. 36, 138; 41, 152; id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; Liv. 5, 15, 11.—Esp., after sic habeto (habe, habeas) = scito (only Ciceron.):

sic habeto, in eum statum tuum reditum incidere ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1; so id. ib. 1, 7, 3; 2, 6, 5; 2, 10, 1; 7, 18, 1; 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 2, 25, 1; 5, 1, 5; 5, 20, 1 et saep.—

With ut, expressing purpose or result:

nunc sic faciam, sic consilium est, ad erum ut veniam docte atque astu,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 23:

ab Ariobarzane sic contendi ut talenta, quae mihi pollicebatur, illi daret,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

sic accidit ut ex tanto navium numero nulla omnino navis... desideraretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23; cf. Cato, R. R. 1, 1; Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4; id. Or. 2, 67, 271.

Idiomatic usages of sic.

In a wish, expressed as a conclusion after an imperative ( poet.):

parce: sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo (= si parces, bene quiescat),

Tib. 2, 6, 30:

annue: sic tibi sint intonsi, Phoebe, capilli,

id. 2, 5, 121:

pone, precor, fastus... Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat Poma, nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti,

Ov. M. 14, 762: dic [p. 1692] mihi de nostra quae sentis vera puella:

Sic tibi sint dominae, Lygdame, dempta juga,

Prop. 4, 5, 1; Tib. 2, 6, 30.—The imperative may follow the clause with sic:

sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos... Incipe (sc. cantare) si quid habes (= si incipies cantare, opto tibi ut tua examina, etc.),

Verg. E. 9, 30:

sic tibi (Arethusa) Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam: Incipe (= si incipies, opto tibi ut Doris, etc.),

id. ib. 10, 4:

sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda Credulus... Dic ubi sit,

Ov. M. 8, 857; Sen. Troad. 702; cf.:

sic te Diva potens Cypri... Ventorumque regat pater, Navis... Reddas incolumem Vergilium (= si tu, navis, reddes Vergilium, prosperum precor tibi cursum),

Hor. C. 1, 3, 1; cf.

also: sic venias hodierne: tibi dem turis honores (=si venies, tibi dem),

Tib. 1, 7, 53; cf. Ov. H. 3, 135; 4, 148.—

Sic (like ita) with ut in strong asseveration ( poet.):

sic me di amabunt, ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum (= by the love of the gods, I pity, etc.),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54:

Diespiter me sic amabit ut ego hanc familiam interire cupio,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 47:

sic has deus aequoris artes Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto constitit,

Ov. M. 8, 866:

sic mihi te referas levis, ut non altera nostro limine intulit ulla pedes,

Prop. 1, 18, 11; cf. id. 3, 15 (4, 14), 1; cf.:

vera cano, sic usque sacras innoxia laurus vescar,

Tib. 2, 5, 63.—

In a demonstrative temporal force, like the Gr. houtôs, so, as the matter stands now, as it now is, as it then was, etc.

In gen.:

e Graecis cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, praeter hominum perpaucorum, si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero fallaces sunt permulti et leves,

but as things now stand, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 16:

at sic citius qui te expedias his aerumnis reperias,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8: Pe. Pol tibi istuc credo nomen actutum fore. Tr. Dum interea sic sit, istuc actutum sino, provided it be as it is, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 71:

quotiens hoc tibi ego interdixi, meam ne sic volgo pollicitarere operam,

thus, as you are doing now, id. Mil. 4, 2, 65:

si utrumvis tibi visus essem, Non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11:

non sic nudos in flumen deicere (voluerunt),

naked, as they are, Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

sub alta platano... jacentes sic temere,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 14.—Esp., with sine and abl.:

me germanam meam sororem tibi sic sine dote dedisse,

so as she is, without a dowry, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 65:

sic sine malo,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 2:

at operam perire meam sic... perpeti nequeo,

without result, id. Trin. 3, 2, 34 Ritschl, Fleck. (Brix omits sic): nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit (= without cause), Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 52: mirabar hoc si sic abiret, so, i. e. without trouble, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4:

hoc non poterit sic abire,

Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7; so,

sic abire,

id. Att. 14, 1, 1; Cat. 14, 16; Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 39. —Hence,

With imperatives, esp. with sine: Quid ego hoc faciam postea? sic sine eumpse, just let him alone, i. e. leave him as he is, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

si non vult (numerare), sic sine adstet,

id. As. 2, 4, 54:

sine fores sic, abi,

let the door alone, id. Men. 2, 3, 1; so id. Cas. 3, 6, 36; id. Ps. 1, 5, 62.—

Pregn., implying a concession (= kai houtôs), even as it is now, even without doing so, in spite of it:

nolo bis iterare, sat sic longae fiunt fabulae,

narratives are long enough anyhow, as they are, without saying them twice over, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 154:

sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis,

even as it was, in spite of what has been said, Ov. M. 13, 896; so,

sic quoque fallebat,

id. ib. 1, 698:

sed sic me et libertatis fructu privas et diligentiae,

anyhow, not taking into account what is mentioned, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 4: exhibeas molestiam si quid debeam, qui nunc sic tam es molestus, who art so troublesome even as it is, i. e. without my owing you any thing, Plaut. Pers. 2, 44:

sic quoque parte plebis affecta, fides tamen publica potior senatui fuit,

Liv. 7, 27; cf. Ov. F. 2, 642; Suet. Aug. 78.—

Ellipt., referring to something in the mind of the speaker:

Quod si hoc nunc sic incipiam? Nihil est. Quod si sic? Tantumdem egero. At sic opinor? Non potest,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 8: illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus videntur, to some in one way, to others in another (= aliis aliter), Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: Quid vini absumpsit! Sic hoc dicens, asperum hoc est, aliud lenius, = this wine is so (the speaker not saying what he thinks of it), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: deinde quod illa (quae ego dixi) sive faceta sunt, sive sic, fiunt narrante te venustissima, or so, i. e. or otherwise, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

monitorem non desiderabit qui dicat, Sic incede, sic cena... sic amico utere, sic cive, sic socio,

Sen. Ep. 114.—

In answers, yes = the French, Italian, and Spanish si (ante - class. and rare): Ph. Phaniam relictam ais? Ge. Sic, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 2: De. Illa maneat? Ch. Sic, id. ib. 5, 3, 30: Ch. Sicine est sententia? Me. Sic, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 114.

sīc (old form sīce, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 12; also seic, C. I. L. 818), adv. [for si - ce; si, locat. form of pron. stem sa- = Gr. ho, ha, or hê, and demonstr. -ce; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 777], so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise, to this or that extent or degree, to such a degree, in this or that state or condition, in such a condition (syn. ita); sic refers, I. To a previous fact, description, or assumption.—II. To a subsequent independent sentence, = thus, as follows. —III. As a local demonstrative (deiktikôs), referring to something done or pointed out by the speaker, = thus, as I do it; thus, as you see, etc.—IV. As a correlative, preceding or following clauses introduced by conjunctions. —V. In certain idiomatic connections.

Referring to something said before, = hoc modo: sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae evertit, so, i. e. in the manner mentioned, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 3:

sic et nata et progressa eloquentia videtur,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 3:

facinus indignum Sic circumiri,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:

sic se res habet,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

sic regii constiterant,

Liv. 42, 58:

sic res Romana in antiquum statum rediit,

id. 3, 9, 1:

sic ad Alpes perventum est,

Tac. H. 1, 84; cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 104; Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 88; Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 11; Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86; 2, 32, 100; id. de Or. 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 201; 3, 29, 117; id. Brut. 40, 149; id. Rep. 2, 14, 27; 2, 20, 35; id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 4, 11, 5; 6, 17, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 19; 6, 30; 7, 62.—Often sic does not qualify the main predicate, but a participle or adjective referring to it:

sic igitur instructus veniat ad causas,

Cic. Or. 34, 121:

cum sic affectos dimisisset,

Liv. 21, 43, 1:

sic omnibus copiis fusis se in castra recipiunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

sic milites consolatus eodem die reducit in castra,

id. ib. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 62; Ov. M. 1, 32.—

In a parenthet. clause (= ita):

quae, ut sic dicam, ad corpus pertinent civitatis,

so to speak, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

commentabar declamitans—sic enim nunc loquuntur,

id. Brut. 90, 310; cf. id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. Lael. 11, 39; Liv. 7, 31; Ov. M. 4, 660; 13, 597; 13, 866.—

Referring not to the predicate, but to some intermediate term understood (= ita; cf.

Engl. so): sic provolant duo Fabii (= sic loquentes),

Liv. 2, 46, 7:

sic enim nostrae rationes postulabant (sic = ut sic agerem),

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6:

tibi enim ipsi sic video placere (sic = sic faciendo),

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

sic enim concedis mihi proximis litteris (= ut sic agam),

id. ib. 5, 20, 1:

sic enim statuerat (= hoc faciendum esse),

id. Phil. 5, 7, 208:

Quid igitur? Non sic oportet? Equidem censeo sic (sic = hoc fieri),

id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:

sic soleo (i. e. bona consilia reddere),

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 25:

sic soleo amicos (i. e. beare),

id. Eun. 2, 2, 48:

sic memini tamen (= hoc ita esse),

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:

haec sic audivi (= ita esse),

id. Ep. 3, 1, 79:

sic prorsus existimo (= hoc ita esse),

Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

quoniam sic cogitis ipsi (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 5, 178.—

As completing object, = hoc:

iis litteris respondebo: sic enim postulas (= hoc postulas),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 1:

hic adsiste. Sic volo (= hoc volo, or hoc te facere volo),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

sic fata jubent (= hoc jubent, or hoc facere jubent),

Ov. M. 15, 584:

hic apud nos hodie cenes. Sic face,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 8:

sic faciendum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2.—

Predicatively with esse (appellari, videri, etc.), in the sense of talis:

sic vita hominum est (= talis),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:

vir acerrimo ingenio—sic enim fuit,

id. Or. 5, 18:

familiaris noster—sic est enim,

id. Att. 1, 18, 6:

sic est vulgus,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 20:

sic, Crito, est hic,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 16: sic sum;

si placeo, utere,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 42:

sic sententiest,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 90:

sic est (= sic res se habet),

that is so, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

qui sic sunt (i. e. vivunt) haud multum heredem juvant,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 10:

nunc hoc profecto sic est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 42:

sic est. Non muto sententiam,

Sen. Ep. 10; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 35; id. Am. 2, 1, 60; id. Aul. 2, 4, 43; id. As. 5, 2, 12; id. Most. 4, 3, 40; Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; id. Ad. 3, 3, 44; Cic. Lael. 1, 5; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Or. 14, 46.—

Rarely as subject (mostly representing a subject-clause):

sic commodius esse arbitror quam manere hanc (sic = abire),

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 31:

si sic (= hoc) est factum, erus damno auctus est,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 15: Pe. Quid? Concidit? Mi. Sic suspicio est (= eam concidisse), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

mihi sic est usus (= sic agere),

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28:

sic opus est (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 1, 279; 2, 785.—

To express relations other than manner (rare).

Of consequence; un der these circumstances, accordingly, hence:

sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

sic et habet quod uterque eorum habuit, et explevit quod utrique defuit,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154:

sic victam legem esse, nisi caveant,

Liv. 4, 11, 5:

suavis mihi ructus est. Sic sine modo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 17. —

Of condition; on this condition, if this be done, etc.:

reliquas illius anni pestes recordamini, sic enim facillime perspicietis, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55: displiceas aliis;

sic ego tutus ero (sic = si displicebis),

Tib. 4, 13, 6:

Scironis media sic licet ire via (sic = si amantes eunt),

Prop. 4, 15 (3, 16), 12:

sic demum lucos Stygios Aspicies (= non aspicies, nisi hoc facies),

Verg. A. 6, 154 (for sic as antecedent of si, v. infra, IV. 5).—

Of intensity:

non latuit scintilla ingenii: sic erat in omni sermone sollers (= tam sollers erat ut non lateret ingenium),

Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37; cf. infra, IV. 4.

Referring to a subsequent sentence, thus, as follows, in the following manner (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, hujusmodi, ad hunc modum):

ingressus est sic loqui Scipio: Catonis hoc senis est, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1 (cf.:

tum Varro ita exorsus est,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 15): hunc inter pugnas Servilius sic compellat, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 Vahl.):

puero sic dicit pater: Noster esto,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38:

sic faciam: adsimulabo quasi quam culpam in sese admiserint,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 27 dub.:

salem candidum sic facito: amphoram puram impleto, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 88: sic enim dixisti:

Vidi ego tuam lacrimulam,

Cic. Planc. 31, 76:

res autem se sic habet: composite et apte sine sententiis dicere insania est,

the truth is this, id. Or. 71, 236:

sic loquere, sic vive: vide, ne te ulla res deprimat,

Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf. id. ib. 10, 1; Cato, R. R. 77 sqq.; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 177; Ter. Phorm. prol. 13; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 21, 29; 4, 4, 30; Cic. [p. 1691] Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Or. 1, 45, 198; 2, 40, 167; 2, 40, 172; id. Att. 2, 22, 1; 5, 1, 3; 6, 1, 3; Verg. A. 1, 521.—

Esp., with ellipsis of predicate:

ego sic: diem statuo, etc. (sc. ago),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16.—Sometimes sic introduces detached words: sic loqui nosse, judicasse vetant, novisse jubent et judicavisse (= they forbid to say nosse, etc.), Cic. Or. 47, 157.—

For instance (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, ut hoc, verbi gratia, ut si; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91 sq. infra):

disjunctum est, cum unumquodque certo concluditur verbo,

Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:

mala definitio est... cum aliquid non grave dicit, sic: Stultitia est immensa gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91.

As a local demonstrative, thus, so, etc. (deiktikôs; colloq.;

mostly comice): ne hunc ornatum vos meum admiremini, quod ego processi sic cum servili schema,

as you see me now, Plaut. Am. prol. 117:

sed amictus sic hac ludibundus incessi,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 31:

nec sic per totam infamis traducerer urbem,

Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 7:

sic ad me, miserande, redis?

Ov. M. 11, 728; cf. Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—So accompanied with a corresponding gesture:

Quid tu igitur sic hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25: Pe. Quid si curram? Tr. Censeo. Pe. An sic potius placide? (the speaker imitating the motion), id. Rud. 4, 8, 10:

non licet te sic placidule bellam belle tangere?

id. ib. 2, 4, 12:

quod non omnia sic poterant conjuncta manere,

Lucr. 5, 441.—

Here belong the phrases sic dedero, sic dabo, sic datur, expressing a threat of revenge, or satisfaction at another's misfortune: sic dedero! aere militari tetigero lenunculum,

I will give it to him, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 6; id. As. 2, 4, 33:

sic dabo!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 38:

doletne? hem, sic datur si quis erum servos spernit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 21:

sic furi datur,

id. Stich. 5, 5, 25; so id. Men. 4, 2, 46.—Referring to an act just performed by the speaker:

sic deinde quicunque alius transiliet moenia mea (= sic pereat, quicunque deinde, etc.),

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,

so will every one fare who, id. 1, 26, 5:

sic... Cetera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum (= sic ut interfeci te),

Ov. M. 12, 285.—So with a comp.-clause expressed:

sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum legatum jacentem videtis,

Liv. 8, 6, 6; cf. id. 1, 24, 8 (v. IV. 1. infra).

As correlative, with, 1. A comparative clause (sic far more frequent than ita); 2. A contrasted clause, mostly with ut; 3. A modal clause, with ut (ita more freq. than sic); 4. A clause expressing intensity, introduced by ut; 5. A conditional clause (rare; ita more freq.); 6. With a reason, introduced by quia (ante-class. and very rare); 7. With an inf. clause; 8. With ut, expressing purpose or result.

With comp. clauses, usu. introduced by ut, but also by quemadmodum (very freq.), sicut, velut, tamquam, quasi, quomodo, quam (rare and poet.), ceu (rare; poet. and post-class.), quantus (rare and poet.), qualis (ante-class. and rare).

With ut:

ut cibi satietas subamara aliqua re relevatur, sic animus defessus audiendi admiratione redintegratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

ut non omnem frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

ex suo regno sic Mithridates profugit ut ex eodem Ponto Medea quondam profugisse dicitur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

ut tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus de Themistocle finxit,

id. Brut. 11, 42:

sic moneo ut filium, sic faveo ut mihi, sic hortor ut et pro patria et amicissimum,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 3:

ut vita, sic oratione durus fuit,

id. Brut. 31, 117:

de Lentulo sic fero ut debeo,

id. Att. 4, 6, 1:

sic est ut narro tibi,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40; Cic. Inv. 2, 8, 28; id. Div. 2, 30, 93; id. de Or. 1, 33, 153; 3, 51, 198; Liv. 1, 47, 2; 2, 52, 7; Ov. M. 1, 495; 1, 539; 2, 165 et saep.—So in the formula ut quisque... sic (more freq. ita), rendered by according as, or the more... the...:

ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt postprincipia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 3:

ut quaeque res est tur pissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 7; v. Fischer, Gr. II. p. 751.—

With quemadmodum: quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere, sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non potest, Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:

quemadmodum se tribuni gessissent in prohibendo dilectu, sic patres in lege prohibenda gerebant,

Liv. 3, 11, 3:

sic vestras hallucinationes fero, quemadmodum Juppiter ineptias poetarum,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 6; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 23, 33; 2, 8, 28; 2, 27, 82; id. Or. 3, 52, 200; id. Lael. 4, 16; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 2, 13, 8; 5, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 5, 6 (bis); id. Clem. 1, 3, 5; id. Vit. Beat. 23, 4.—

With sicut:

tecum simul, sicut ego pro multis, sic ille pro Appio dixit,

Cic. Brut. 64, 230; 46, 112; id. Or. 2, 44, 186; id. Clu. 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Liv. 4, 57, 11; 7, 13, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 2.—

With velut:

velut ipse in re trepida se sit tutatus, sic consulem loca tutiora castris cepisse,

Liv. 4, 41, 6; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; Verg. A. 1, 148; Ov. M. 4, 375; 4, 705.—

With tamquam:

tamquam litteris in cera, sic se ajebat imaginibus quae meminisse vellet, perscribere,

Cic. Or. 2, 88, 360:

quid autem ego sic adhuc egi, tamquam integra sit causa patriciorum?

Liv. 10, 8:

sic Ephesi fui, tamquam domi meae,

Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1; cf. id. Or. 2, 42, 180; id. Brut. 18, 71; 58, 213; 66, 235; 74, 258; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16; 2, 14, 1; id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31; Sen. Ep. 101, 7.—

With quasi:

hujus innocentiae sic in hac calamitosa fama, quasi in aliqua perniciosissima flamma subvenire,

Cic. Clu. 1, 4:

ea sic observabo quasi intercalatum non sit,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

Quid tu me sic salutas quasi dudum non videris?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 51; cf. Cic. Or. 2, 11, 47; id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; id. Sen. 8, 26:

ego sic vivam quasi sciam, etc.,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 3.—

With quomodo:

quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter quod inhabile sciat, non accedet,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 3 (30), 4:

sic demus quomodo vellemus accipere,

id. Ben. 2, 1, 1; id. Ep. 9, 17; id. Ot. Sap. 6, 2 (32 med.); Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4.—

With ceu:

ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent... sic Martem indomitum Cernimus,

Verg. A. 2, 438.—

With quam:

non sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes, quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira,

Prop. 2, 9, 33; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 281.—

With quantus:

nec sic errore laetatus Ulixes... nec sic Electra... quanta ego collegi gaudia,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 5 sqq.—

With qualis:

imo sic condignum donum quali'st quoi dono datum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 40.—

Without a correlative particle, in an independent sentence:

Quis potione uti aut cibo dulci diutius potest? sic omnibus in rebus voluptatibus maximis fastidium finitimum est (= ut nemo cibo dulci uti diutius potest, sic, etc.),

Cic. Or. 3, 25, 100; cf. id. ib. 19, 63.—

In contrasted clauses, mostly with ut, which may generally be rendered while: ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum acer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est (almost = etsi ad bella suscipienda... tamen mollis est, etc., while, etc.), Caes. B. G. 3, 19: a ceteris oblectationibus ut deseror, sic litteris sustentor et recreor, while I am deserted, I am sustained, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 18, 55; id. Fam. 10, 20, 2; Liv. 4, 57, 11; Ov. M. 4, 131; 11, 76.—So freq. two members of the same sentence are coordinated by ut... sic (ita) with almost the same force as a co-ordination by cum... tum, or by sed:

consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen respondit (= vere fortasse, sed parum utiliter),

Liv. 4, 6, 2:

ut nondum satis claram victoriam, sic prosperae spei pugnam imber diremit,

id. 6, 32, 6:

(forma erat) ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis,

Ov. M. 14, 509; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 2; 5, 38, 2; 6, 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 370.—In this use etiam or quoque is sometimes joined with sic (never by Cic. with ita):

nostri sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello congruebant (= cum... tum),

Cic. Marcell. 6, 16:

ut sunt, sic etiam nominantur senes,

id. Sen. 6, 20:

utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspitionem vitare potuisses,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 33:

ut superiorum aetatum studia occidunt, sic occidunt etiam senectutis,

id. Sen. 20, 76:

ut voce, sic etiam oratione,

id. Or. 25, 85; id. Top. 15, 59; id. Leg. 2, 25, 62; id. Lael. 5, 19.—More rarely with quem ad modum, quomodo:

ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

quo modo ad bene vivendum, sic etiam ad beate,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 37. —

With a clause of manner introduced by ut = so that:

sic fuimus semper comparati ut hominum sermonibus quasi in aliquod judicium vocaremur,

Cic. Or. 3, 9, 32:

eam sic audio ut Plautum mihi aut Naevium videar audire,

id. ib. 3, 12, 45:

sic agam vobiscum ut aliquid de vestris vitiis audiatis,

id. ib. 3, 12, 46:

omnia sic suppetunt ut ei nullam deesse virtutem oratoris putem,

id. Brut. 71, 250:

omnis pars orationis esse debet laudabilis, sic ut verbum nullum excidat,

id. Or. 36, 125:

sic tecum agam ut vel respondendi vel interpellandi potestatem faciam,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

nec vero sic erat umquam non paratus Milo contra illum ut non satis fere esset paratus,

id. Mil. 21, 56:

sic eum eo de re publica disputavit ut sentiret sibi cum viro forti esse pugnandum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 49; id. Mil. 2, 2, 82; Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245; 2, 1, 3; 2, 6, 23; id. Brut. 22, 88; 40, 148; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Planc. 10, 25; id. Fam. 5, 15, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 5, 17; id. B. C. 3, 56; Prop. 1, 21, 5.—Sometimes the correlative clause is restrictive, and sic = but so, yet so, only so:

mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 4:

sic conveniet reprehendi, ut demonstretur etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 46, 86; id. Brut. 79, 274; id. Marcell. 11, 34; id. Att. 13, 3, 1 (ita is more freq. in this sense).—

With a clause expressing intensity (so both with adjj. and verbs; but far less freq. than ita, tam, adeo), to such a degree, so, so far, etc.:

sic ego illum in timorem dabo, ipse sese ut neget esse eum qui siet,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20 sq.:

conficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:

sic rem fuisse apertam ut judicium fieri nihil attinuerit,

id. Inv. 2, 28, 84:

cujus responso judices sic exarserunt ut capitis hominem innocentissimum condemnarent,

id. Or. 1, 54, 233; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 29; id. Brut. 88, 302; id. Or. 53, 177; 55, 184; id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 3, 9, 15; id. Lael. 1, 4; id. Planc. 8, 21; id. Verr. 1, 36, 91; id. Balb. 5, 13; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; 1, 16, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 1.—

Rarely conditional clauses have the antecedent sic.

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, to represent the result of the condition as sure:

sic invidiam effugies, si te non ingesseris oculis, si bona tua non jactaveris, si scieris in sinu gaudere,

Sen. Ep. 105, 3:

sic hodie veniet si qua negavit heri,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 20.—

Denoting with the proviso that, but only if (usu. ita):

decreverunt ut cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset si patres auctores fuissent,

that the choice should be valid, but only if the Senate should ratify it, Liv. 1, 17, 9:

sic ignovisse putato Me tibi si cenes hodie mecum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—

Sic quia = idcirco quia (very rare): Th. Quid vos? Insanin' estis? Tr. Quidum? Th. Sic quia foris ambulatis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 20.—

With inf. clause (freq.):

sic igitur sentio, naturam primum atque ingenium ad dicendum vim afferre maximam,

Cic. Or. 1, 25, 113:

sic a majoribus nostris accepimus, praetorem quaestori suo parentis loco esse oportere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

ego sic existimo, in summo imperatore quattuor res inesse oportere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 38; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Inv. 2, 55, 167; id. de Or. 1, 20, 93; 2, 28, 122; id. Brut. 36, 138; 41, 152; id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; Liv. 5, 15, 11.—Esp., after sic habeto (habe, habeas) = scito (only Ciceron.):

sic habeto, in eum statum tuum reditum incidere ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1; so id. ib. 1, 7, 3; 2, 6, 5; 2, 10, 1; 7, 18, 1; 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 2, 25, 1; 5, 1, 5; 5, 20, 1 et saep.—

With ut, expressing purpose or result:

nunc sic faciam, sic consilium est, ad erum ut veniam docte atque astu,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 23:

ab Ariobarzane sic contendi ut talenta, quae mihi pollicebatur, illi daret,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

sic accidit ut ex tanto navium numero nulla omnino navis... desideraretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23; cf. Cato, R. R. 1, 1; Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4; id. Or. 2, 67, 271.

Idiomatic usages of sic.

In a wish, expressed as a conclusion after an imperative ( poet.):

parce: sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo (= si parces, bene quiescat),

Tib. 2, 6, 30:

annue: sic tibi sint intonsi, Phoebe, capilli,

id. 2, 5, 121:

pone, precor, fastus... Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat Poma, nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti,

Ov. M. 14, 762: dic [p. 1692] mihi de nostra quae sentis vera puella:

Sic tibi sint dominae, Lygdame, dempta juga,

Prop. 4, 5, 1; Tib. 2, 6, 30.—The imperative may follow the clause with sic:

sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos... Incipe (sc. cantare) si quid habes (= si incipies cantare, opto tibi ut tua examina, etc.),

Verg. E. 9, 30:

sic tibi (Arethusa) Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam: Incipe (= si incipies, opto tibi ut Doris, etc.),

id. ib. 10, 4:

sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda Credulus... Dic ubi sit,

Ov. M. 8, 857; Sen. Troad. 702; cf.:

sic te Diva potens Cypri... Ventorumque regat pater, Navis... Reddas incolumem Vergilium (= si tu, navis, reddes Vergilium, prosperum precor tibi cursum),

Hor. C. 1, 3, 1; cf.

also: sic venias hodierne: tibi dem turis honores (=si venies, tibi dem),

Tib. 1, 7, 53; cf. Ov. H. 3, 135; 4, 148.—

Sic (like ita) with ut in strong asseveration ( poet.):

sic me di amabunt, ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum (= by the love of the gods, I pity, etc.),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54:

Diespiter me sic amabit ut ego hanc familiam interire cupio,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 47:

sic has deus aequoris artes Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto constitit,

Ov. M. 8, 866:

sic mihi te referas levis, ut non altera nostro limine intulit ulla pedes,

Prop. 1, 18, 11; cf. id. 3, 15 (4, 14), 1; cf.:

vera cano, sic usque sacras innoxia laurus vescar,

Tib. 2, 5, 63.—

In a demonstrative temporal force, like the Gr. houtôs, so, as the matter stands now, as it now is, as it then was, etc.

In gen.:

e Graecis cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, praeter hominum perpaucorum, si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero fallaces sunt permulti et leves,

but as things now stand, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 16:

at sic citius qui te expedias his aerumnis reperias,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8: Pe. Pol tibi istuc credo nomen actutum fore. Tr. Dum interea sic sit, istuc actutum sino, provided it be as it is, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 71:

quotiens hoc tibi ego interdixi, meam ne sic volgo pollicitarere operam,

thus, as you are doing now, id. Mil. 4, 2, 65:

si utrumvis tibi visus essem, Non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11:

non sic nudos in flumen deicere (voluerunt),

naked, as they are, Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

sub alta platano... jacentes sic temere,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 14.—Esp., with sine and abl.:

me germanam meam sororem tibi sic sine dote dedisse,

so as she is, without a dowry, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 65:

sic sine malo,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 2:

at operam perire meam sic... perpeti nequeo,

without result, id. Trin. 3, 2, 34 Ritschl, Fleck. (Brix omits sic): nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit (= without cause), Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 52: mirabar hoc si sic abiret, so, i. e. without trouble, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4:

hoc non poterit sic abire,

Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7; so,

sic abire,

id. Att. 14, 1, 1; Cat. 14, 16; Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 39. —Hence,

With imperatives, esp. with sine: Quid ego hoc faciam postea? sic sine eumpse, just let him alone, i. e. leave him as he is, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

si non vult (numerare), sic sine adstet,

id. As. 2, 4, 54:

sine fores sic, abi,

let the door alone, id. Men. 2, 3, 1; so id. Cas. 3, 6, 36; id. Ps. 1, 5, 62.—

Pregn., implying a concession (= kai houtôs), even as it is now, even without doing so, in spite of it:

nolo bis iterare, sat sic longae fiunt fabulae,

narratives are long enough anyhow, as they are, without saying them twice over, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 154:

sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis,

even as it was, in spite of what has been said, Ov. M. 13, 896; so,

sic quoque fallebat,

id. ib. 1, 698:

sed sic me et libertatis fructu privas et diligentiae,

anyhow, not taking into account what is mentioned, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 4: exhibeas molestiam si quid debeam, qui nunc sic tam es molestus, who art so troublesome even as it is, i. e. without my owing you any thing, Plaut. Pers. 2, 44:

sic quoque parte plebis affecta, fides tamen publica potior senatui fuit,

Liv. 7, 27; cf. Ov. F. 2, 642; Suet. Aug. 78.—

Ellipt., referring to something in the mind of the speaker:

Quod si hoc nunc sic incipiam? Nihil est. Quod si sic? Tantumdem egero. At sic opinor? Non potest,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 8: illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus videntur, to some in one way, to others in another (= aliis aliter), Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: Quid vini absumpsit! Sic hoc dicens, asperum hoc est, aliud lenius, = this wine is so (the speaker not saying what he thinks of it), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: deinde quod illa (quae ego dixi) sive faceta sunt, sive sic, fiunt narrante te venustissima, or so, i. e. or otherwise, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

monitorem non desiderabit qui dicat, Sic incede, sic cena... sic amico utere, sic cive, sic socio,

Sen. Ep. 114.—

In answers, yes = the French, Italian, and Spanish si (ante - class. and rare): Ph. Phaniam relictam ais? Ge. Sic, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 2: De. Illa maneat? Ch. Sic, id. ib. 5, 3, 30: Ch. Sicine est sententia? Me. Sic, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 114.

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.

Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.

After a plural subject:

hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:

multa concurrunt simul,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:

(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

tres simul soles effulserunt,

Liv. 41, 21 fin.:

tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,

Curt. 9, 10, 7:

duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,

Quint. 11, 1, 69:

Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,

Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:

multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:

quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—

With a plur. object:

(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,

Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:

duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:

si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

ambo cum simul conspicimus,

Liv. 40, 46 init.:

simul omnibus portis erupit,

id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:

tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,

Liv. 6, 4, 6:

totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,

Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:

igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,

Sall. J. 101, 1.—

Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:

omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,

Liv. 6, 35, 6:

multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,

id. 43, 6, 1.—

Referring to an attributive participle understood:

multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),

Liv. 44, 45:

trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),

id. 6, 4, 1:

inter duo simul bella,

id. 7, 27, 7:

tot simul malis victi,

Curt. 4, 4, 12.

Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:

novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:

jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,

id. Most. 4, 2, 26:

qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?

id. Am. 2, 2, 122:

me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:

quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:

simul consilium cum re amisti?

id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,

Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:

Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

cum corporibus simul animos interire,

id. Lael. 4, 13:

vobiscum simul considerantis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,

id. Mil. 18, 48:

simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

simul cum lumine pandit,

id. Arat. 704 (452):

simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,

Sall. C. 2, 5:

cum anima simul,

id. ib. 33, 4:

simul cum occasu solis,

id. J. 91, 2:

simul cum dono designavit templi finis,

Liv. 1, 10, 5:

si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,

id. 8, 31, 7:

ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,

id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:

quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:

qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:

in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:

cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,

Liv. 5, 13, 13:

extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):

simul his,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:

quippe simul nobis habitat,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:

his simul,

Sil. 3, 268:

Magnetibus simul transmissi,

Tac. A. 4, 55:

quindecimviri septemviris simul,

id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.

Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:

juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:

quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),

id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:

quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:

ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,

id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:

domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.

Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.

Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.

Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):

semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:

Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:

dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,

Liv. 40, 16 init.:

quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,

id. 6, 27, 9:

Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,

id. 41, 6 fin.:

Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,

id. 8, 19, 11:

simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,

id. 10, 40, 1:

eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,

id. 6, 11, 3:

obruit animum simul luctus metusque,

id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:

simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,

Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;

or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—

Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):

nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:

faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:

ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,

Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—

Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):

convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:

oculis simul ac mente turbatum,

Liv. 7, 26, 5:

quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,

id. 8, 39, 7:

pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,

Curt. 3, 5, 2:

terrestri simul navalique clade,

id. 4, 3, 14:

vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:

qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,

Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:

populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,

Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—

Placed before the last term.

Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:

Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,

Sall. J. 97, 1:

Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,

id. ib. 73, 2:

Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,

id. ib. 84, 5:

milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,

id. ib. 92, 2:

Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,

Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—

Simulque (rare):

ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,

Curt. 8, 10, 25.—

Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):

Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:

Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,

Cic. Arat. 270 (36):

inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,

id. ib. 342 (101):

ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,

Tac. H. 2, 83. —

Inserted in the last term ( poet.):

memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;

interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,

id. S. 1, 5, 32.—

Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.

Et simul or simulque:

contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,

i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:

quod... et simul quia,

Lucr. 5, 1181:

ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,

id. 5, 1213:

sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:

ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,

id. Arat. 713 (460):

postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,

Liv. 3, 62, 8:

tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,

id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—

Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:

salve! simul autem vale!

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;

simul enim augebimus diligentiam,

Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—

Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:

simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,

Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:

illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,

id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:

simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,

Sall. J. 91, 1:

nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,

Liv. 32, 18, 3:

simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,

id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—

Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:

Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:

tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:

quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,

id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.

Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).

Simul alone:

ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:

sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:

alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,

Liv. 7, 32, 3:

tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,

id. 5, 21, 3.—

More freq. simul et (= etiam):

quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:

nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 4:

legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,

Liv. 41, 19 med.:

ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,

id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.

Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;

freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:

omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;

simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,

Sall. C. 19, 2:

cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,

id. J. 4, 2:

nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,

Liv. 39, 47:

a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,

Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;

2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,

Sall. C. 16, 4:

hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,

id. J. 25, 5:

ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,

Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:

equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,

Curt. 4, 10, 11:

Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,

Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:

committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.

Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).

With independent clauses:

simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,

Liv. 3, 5, 2:

accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,

id. 21, 26, 7:

ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,

id. 9, 25, 8:

simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,

Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—

With dependent clauses:

venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,

Liv. 39, 46 fin.:

Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,

id. 44, 13 init.:

consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,

id. 44, 8, 1:

simul questi... simul nuntiantes,

id. 42, 46:

plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,

Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—

Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:

Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13:

Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,

Liv. 40, 21, 1. —

Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:

cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,

Liv. 2, 10, 10:

ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,

id. 42, 52 med.:

et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,

id. 5, 10, 3:

increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,

id. 2, 65, 4:

tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,

id. 21, 33, 5:

inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,

id. 41, 11:

simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,

id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.

Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,

sĭmŭlac

, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.

Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:

Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:

non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,

id. Caecil. 16, 46:

dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,

id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:

Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,

Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:

at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):

simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—

Simul atque:

L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,

id. Mur. 10, 22:

simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:

simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,

id. Quint. 5, 18:

qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—

Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):

simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,

id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):

simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,

id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:

nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,

id. Arat. 596 (349).—

Simul et:

simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:

ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,

id. ib. 10, 4, 12:

quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,

id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,

omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—

Simul ubi:

quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,

Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—

Simul alone, = simul atque:

simul herbae inceperint nasci,

Cato, R. R. 48:

hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,

Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:

simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,

Liv. 6, 1, 6:

simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,

id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

sŏcĭus, a, um, adj. [root sec- of sequor], sharing, joining in, partaking, united, associated, kindred, allied, fellow (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. subst. infra):

hic (Augustus) socium cum Jove nomen habet,

Ov. F. 1, 608:

aurea possedit socio Capitolia templo Mater,

i. e. in common with Jupiter, id. ib. 6, 73:

regnum,

id. M. 5, 378:

classis,

id. ib. 13, 352:

sepulcrum,

id. H. 11, 123:

lectus,

id. A. A. 2, 377:

ignes,

id. M. 9, 795:

anni,

id. H. 2, 33:

linguae,

id. Tr. 5, 10, 35:

dei,

id. F. 2, 618:

spes,

id. M. 13, 375:

sociis quid noctibus uxor anxia,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 1:

platanus clara in Lyciā gelidi fontis sociā amoenitate,

Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

potestas,

Amm. 26, 2, 8.—

Esp., leagued, allied, confederate:

cura sociae retinendae urbis,

Liv. 27, 1; so,

urbs,

id. 31, 24:

civitates,

id. 41, 6 fin.; Quint. 3, 8, 12; cf.:

civitas nobis,

Tac. A. 13, 57:

agmina,

Verg. A. 2, 371: manus, i. e. of the allies (in the Bellum Sociale), Ov. Am. 3, 15, 10:

classis,

id. M. 13, 352:

arma,

Sil. 7, 635.—Hence, substt

sŏcĭus, i, m. ( gen. plur. socium, Liv. 43, 6, 12; 44, 21, 10; v. II. B. infra;

also in the poets,

Verg. A. 5, 174; Prop. 3, 7, 41; Neue, Formenl. 1, 112 sq.).

In gen., fellow, sharer, partner, comrade, companion, associate (very freq. and class.;

syn.: consors, particeps): belli particeps et socius et adjutor,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5; cf.:

consiliorum omnium particeps et socius paene regni,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 35; cf.:

regni sociis,

Luc. 1, 92:

hereditatis,

Plin. Pan. 38:

tuorum consiliorum (with particeps),

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 22:

fortunarum omnium (with particeps),

Cic. Font. 17, 37 (21, 47):

me quidem certe tuarum actionum, sententiarum, rerum denique omnium socium comitemque habebis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 22:

praeter Laelium neminem habeo culpae socium,

id. Att. 11, 14, 1:

Agusius, omnium laborum, periculorum meorum socius,

id. Fam. 13, 71:

socius et consors gloriosi laboris,

id. Brut. 1, 2; Sall. J. 29, 2:

Romuli socius in Sabino proelio,

Cic. Rep. 2, 8, 14; for which, with dat.:

alicui socius,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 72:

hunc cape consiliis socium,

Verg. A. 5, 712:

hos castris adhibe socios,

id. 8, 56:

socium esse in negotiis,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 9:

quia sine sociis nemo quicquam tale conatur,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

socium ad malam rem quaerere,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 22:

cum sociis operum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 142:

ante alios Infert se socium Aeneas,

Verg. A. 4, 142:

amissā sociorum parte,

Ov. M. 14, 242.— Poet.:

generis socii,

i. e. relatives, Ov. M. 3, 259; cf.

sanguinis,

id. Tr. 4, 5, 29:

tori,

i. e. a spouse, consort, id. M. 14, 678.—

In partic.

In mercant. lang., a copartner, partner in business:

socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Quint. 3, 12:

nefarium est socium fallere qui se in negotio conjunxit,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16.—So, socii, of the company of farmers of the public revenue, Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 3; Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 120; cf. societas, II. A. 2. —Hence,

Jurid. t. t.:

pro socio (agere, damnari, etc.),

for defrauding a partner, Cic. Fl. 18, 43; id. Quint. 3, 13; cf. Dig. 17, [p. 1716] tit. 2: Pro socio.—

In publicists' lang., an ally, confederate (cf. foederatus); plur., Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 25:

servate vestros socios,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 51:

Boios receptos ad se socios sibi asciscunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5 fin.; 1, 11 fin.; 1, 14; 1, 15;

1, 36: Cyprius rex, cujus majores huic populo socii atque amici semper fuerunt,

Cic. Dom. 20, 52; Liv. 29, 17; 44, 1 et saep. al.;

opp. hostes,

Sall. C. 51, 38; id. J. 92, 2.— Sing.:

socius et amicus populi Romani,

Sall. J. 24, 3.—In the connection, socii et Latini, or, more freq., socii et nomen Latinum, the term socii denotes the Italian people dwelling out of Latium who were under the protection of and allied with Rome, the Italian allies, Cic. Lael. 3, 12; id. Rep. 6, 12, 12; id. Sest. 13, 30; id. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2; 42, 1:

socii nomenque Latinum,

id. ib. 43, 4 Kritz N. cr.; Liv. 29, 27;

for which, also: socii ac nominis Latini,

id. 41, 8;

and without ellipsis: per homines nominis Latini et socios Italicos impedimenta parabant,

Sall. J. 40, 2; cf.

also: quos (milites) uti ex Latio et a sociis cogeret,

id. ib. 95, 1. —The socii Latini nominis, on the other hand, are simply the Latin allies, the Latins, Liv. 40, 36; 32, 8; 41, 12:

socii ab nomine Latino,

id. 22, 38.—In this sense the gen. plur. is usually socium, Liv. 21, 17, 2; 22, 27, 11 et saep.:

socii navales,

id. 21, 50; v. navalis.—

sŏcĭa, ae, f.:

eos, qui nos socias sumpserunt sibi,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 45:

(eloquentia) pacis est comes otiique socia,

Cic. Brut. 12, 45:

vitae socia virtus, mortis comes gloria,

id. Font. 17, 39 (21, 49); cf.: est socia mortis homini vita ingloria, Publ. Syr. App. 213 Rib.:

nox socia,

Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

quam plurimas uxores habent.... nulla pro sociā obtinet,

Sall. J. 80, 7:

addit se sociam,

Verg. E. 6, 20:

socias sorores Impietatis habet,

Ov. M. 4, 3:

hic socias tu quoque junge moras,

id. A. A. 1, 492:

sociae doloris casusque tui,

App. M. 5, p. 166, 18.— Poet.: socia generisque torique, related by blood and marriage, relative and wife (Juno), Ov. M. 1, 620; so,

tori,

id. ib. 8, 521;

10, 268: ulmus cum sociā vite,

id. ib. 14, 662.

sōl, sōlis, m. [Sanscr. svar, shine; cf. Gr. Seirios, seir, selas, Helenê; and Lat. serenus].

Sing., the sun, as a heavenly body.

In gen.:

tempora duorum generum sunt, unum annale, quod sol circuitu suo finit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 27:

solis cursus lunaeque meatus,

Lucr. 5, 77:

annum ad cursum solis accommodavit,

Suet. Caes. 40:

liquidi fons luminis aetherius sol,

Lucr. 5, 282:

quid potest esse sole majus?

Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 82:

illud dubium esse nulli potest quin arcus imago solis sit,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 11.—

Esp.

Sol oriens or solis ortus, the east, as a quarter of the heavens:

spectant in septemtrionem et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1; 5, 13; 7, 69; cf.:

a sole exoriente supra Maeotis paludes, Cic. poët. Tusc. 5, 17, 49: si illud signum solis ortum conspiceret,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

facem stellae ab ortu solis ad occidentem porrigi visam,

Liv. 29, 14, 3:

ab ortu solis flare venti,

id. 25, 27, 6.—

Sol occidens or solis occasus, the west:

alterum (litus) vergit ad solem occidentem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13:

laborant ut spectent sua triclinaria ad solem occidentem,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13 fin.:

spectat inter occasum solis et septemtriones,

north-west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

quae (pars insulae) est propius solis occasum,

id. ib. 4, 28.—Cf. poet.:

sub sole cadente,

Manil. 4, 791.—In phrases, sol is often omitted by ellipsis: unde sol oritur oriens nuncupatur aut ortus;

quo demergitur occidens vel occasus,

Mel. 1, 1 init.; v. orior, ortus, occĭdo.—

Sol oriens or sol (solis) ortus= sunrise; sol occidens or solis (sol) occasus = sunset:

qui solem nec occidentem umquam viderint, nec orientem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23:

sole orto Gracchus copias educit,

Liv. 24, 15, 1:

prius orto Sole,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 113:

certi solis lunaeque et ortus et occasus sunt,

Liv. 44, 37, 7:

numquam ab orto sole ad occidentem... a curiā abscessit,

id. 27, 50, 4:

ut, equis insidentes, solis ortu cursum in quemdam locum dirigerent,

Val. Max. 7, 3, 2 ext.:

solis occasu,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; Liv. 24, 17, 7:

ad (sub) solis occasum,

towards sunset, Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 2, 11:

in occasum declivi sole,

Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 203.— Poet.:

surgente a sole,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 29.—For sol occasus, v. occidere, and Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 87 (ante solem occasum); id. ib. 5, 7, 35 (ad solem occasum); cf.:

ab exortu ad occasum perstare contuentis solem,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 22.—

To designate a clime, country, etc., as eastern or southern (post-Aug.):

ille Liberi currus triumphantem usque ad Thebas a solis ortu vehat,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 4:

terminos civitatis nostrae cum sole metimur,

id. Ot. Sap. 4 (31), 1. it tamen ultra oceanum solemque, id. Ep. 94, 63:

sub alio sole,

in another clime, Manil. 4, 171; cf.:

ut sua orientis occidentisque terminis finiat (sc. solis),

Sen. Ep. 92, 32.—

Trop., of a great good or a great man:

sol excidisse mihi e mundo videtur,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:

solem e mundo tollere videntur qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

P. Africanus, sol alter (with sole geminato),

id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; cf. Hor. S. 1, 7, 24:

neque mundum posse duobus solibus regi, neque orbem, etc.,

Just. 11, 12.—

Prov.:

et sceleratis sol oritur,

Sen. Ben. 4, 26, 1; cf.:

qui solem suum oriri facit super bonos et malos,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 45: nondum omnium dierum sol occidit (Germ. Es ist noch nicht aller Tage Abend) = there are more days yet to come, sc. when the tables may be turned, Liv. 39, 26, 9.—

The poets reckon time in many ways by the movement, etc., of the sun:

bis me sol adiit gelidae post frigora brumae,

two years, Ov. Tr. 4, 7, 1:

donec sol annuus omnes conficeret metas,

within a year, Stat. Achill. 1, 455; cf. Nemes. Cyn. 122:

octavo lumine solis,

on the eighth day, Lucr. 6, 1195:

sol septimus,

Juv. 15, 44:

cum sol Herculei terga leonis adit,

in midsummer, Ov. A. A. 1, 68: O sol Pulcher, O laudande (= dies;

sc. Augusti reditus),

Hor. C. 4, 2, 46; cf. id. S. 1, 9, 72:

supremo sole,

at noon, id. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

sub medium solem,

Manil. 4, 651; cf. id. 4, 593:

sol abit,

it is growing late, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 32; cf.:

a primo ad ultimum solem,

all day long, Amm. 14, 6, 10.—

Transf., the sun, sunlight, sunshine, heat of the sun:

ager soli ostentus,

exposed to the sun, Cato, R. R. 6:

sarmenta imponito quae frigus defendant et solem,

id. ib. 48 (49):

uvas ponite in sole biduum,

id. ib. 112 (113):

sol semper hic est a mani ad vesperum,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 80:

quin exta inspicere in sole etiam vivo licet,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 29:

nec res posse in sole videri, ni, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 292:

nunc quidem paululum a sole,

out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92:

cum in sole ambulem,

id. de Or. 2, 14, 60:

apricatio in illo Lucretino tuo sole,

id. Att. 7, 11, 1; cf. id. ib. 12, 6, 1:

iter in calescente sole factum erat,

Liv. 44, 36 init.:

torrente meridiano sole,

id. 44, 38:

ex vehementi sole,

id. 28, 15, 11:

urente assiduo sole,

id. 44, 33 fin.:

ut veniens dextrum latus aspiciat sol,

light of the morning sun, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 6:

reformidant insuetum lumina solem,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 49; cf.:

nam et solem lumina aegra formidant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 6:

adversi solis ab ictu,

sunstroke, Ov. M. 3, 183:

altera (spelunca) solem non recipit,

Sen. Ep. 55, 6:

sole correptis,

Plin. 29, 6, 38, § 119:

pisces, quos sole torreant,

id. 7, 2, 2, § 30:

siccatur in sole,

id. 19, 1, 3, § 16:

in agmine (Caesar) anteibat capite detecto, seu sol seu imber esset,

Suet. Caes. 57:

patiens pulveris atque solis,

Hor. C. 1, 8, 4.— And trop.: in solem ac pulverem procedere, or producere, into heat and dust, i. e. into practical life (opp. umbra eruditorum), Cic. Brut. 9, 37; id. Leg. 3, 6, 14.—In a similar sense:

cedat stilus gladio, umbra soli,

Cic. Mur. 14, 30.—Prov.:

clarior quam solis radii,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 2:

sole ipso est clarius,

Arn. 1, n. 47; cf.

the class. luce clarius, and: cum id solis luce videatur clarius,

Cic. Div. 1, 3, 6.

Suns, images of the sun (class.):

neque pauci neque leves sunt qui se duo soles vidisse dicant,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15:

Albae duos soles visos ferebant,

Liv. 28, 11, 3:

et rursus plures soles simul cernuntur,

Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:

quid eas vocem? imagines solis? Historici soles vocant, et binos ternosque adparuisse memoriae tradunt,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 11, 2.—

Poet. = days (v. I. C.):

nec tamen illis solibus ulla comparebat avis,

Lucr. 6, 1219:

saepe ego longos Cantando puerum memini me condere soles,

to spend the long summer days in singing, Verg. E. 9, 52:

tres soles... Erramus,

id. A. 3, 203; cf. Sil. 3, 554:

Bajani soles,

the sunny days of Bajœ, Mart. 6, 43, 5:

O soles!

id. 10, 51, 6: soles fulsere quondam tibi candidi, Cat. 8, 3, 8:

soles occidere et redire possunt,

id. 5, 4:

longis solibus,

Stat. Th. 5, 460:

solibus arctis,

short winter days, id. S. 1, 3, 88.—So, to describe certain seasons:

solibus hibernis... gratior,

than the sun in winter, Ov. M. 13, 793:

si numeres anno soles et nubila toto,

the sunny and cloudy days, id. Tr. 5, 8, 31.—

Light or heat of the sun ( poet. and in postAug. prose; cf.

D. supra): pars terrai perusta solibus assiduis,

Lucr. 5, 253; cf. Ov. H. 5, 112:

pluviis et solibus icta,

Lucr. 6, 1101:

quae carent ventis et solibus,

i. e. are buried, Hor. Epod. 16, 13; 2, 41:

et soles melius nitent,

id. C. 4, 5, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

ex imbri soles Prospicere... poteris,

Verg. G. 1, 393:

inque novos soles audent se gramina tuto Credere,

id. ib. 2, 332;

similarly,

Ov. F. 4, 404; Stat. Th. 1, 363; 4, 421; 4, 831:

tum blandi soles,

Ov. F. 1, 157:

frigore soles juvant,

id. R. Am. 405; so Mart. 10, 42:

Romulus et frater... Solibus et campo corpora nuda dabant,

Ov. F. 2, 366:

aequora semper solibus orba tument,

id. P. 1, 3, 54:

solibus rupta glacies,

Juv. 4, 43:

geminā pereunt caligine soles,

Stat. Th. 5, 154:

aestivos quo decipis aere soles?

id. S. 4, 4, 19:

tacent exhausti solibus amnes,

id. Th. 3, 2, 59; 4, 56; Mart. 10, 12, 7; 8, 14, 4; 14, 28; Ov. M. 1, 435:

cura soles assiduo quaerendi,

Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16:

perpeti soles,

id. 36, 22, 45, § 162:

evitatis solibus,

id. 28, 12, 50, § 186:

(sal) siccatur aestivis solibus,

id. 31, 7, 39, § 73:

merguntur in aquam solibus tepefactam,

id. 19, 1, 3, § 17:

nec campi minus soles accipiunt,

id. 17, 4, 3, § 29:

sarculatio novos soles admittit,

id. 18, 21, 50, § 184; cf. id. 12, 5, 11, § 23; 12, 7, 14, § 26:

aurea pellebant tepidos umbracula soles,

Ov. F. 2, 311:

dum patula defendimus arbore soles,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 70.—Very rarely of the sun's revolution, without reference to light or heat:

quae via soles praecipitet,

Stat. Th. 6, 362.—In class. prose sometimes solis ardores, with the force of the poet. soles:

et nimios solis defendit ardores,

Cic. Sen. 15, 53; cf.:

propter nimios solis ardores,

Sen. Ep. 90, 17.

Sol, the Sun-god.

Lit.

The ancient Italian deity Sol, represented as driving the four-horse sun-chariot from east to west; later identified with the Greek Helios, and hence often called Titan or Phœbus by the poets:

signi dic quid est? Cum quadrigis Sol exoriens,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 269:

Sol... aeternam suscepit lampada mundi,

Lucr. 5, 402:

rapax vis Solis equorum,

id. 5, 402:

quod magni filia Solis eram,

Ov. R. Am. 276; id. M. 14, 346:

Solis currus,

id. P. 4, 6, 48:

secundum (invocabis) Solem et Lunam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.:

grates tibi ago, summe Sol,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

Sol Phaëthonti filio facturum se esse dixit quidquid optasset,

id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

Quid? illum filium Solis nonne patris ipsius luce indignum putas?

id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:

qui Solem aurigando aequiperare existimaretur,

Suet. Ner. 53:

Solis colossus Rhodi,

Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 41; 34, 8, 19, § 63.—Comic.:

credo edepol equidem dormire Solem atque adpotum probe,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 129.—

The Phœnician sun-god Heliogabalus (Elagabal), whose worship was introduced by the later emperors (Aurelianus, Heliogabalus):

ad templum Heliogabali tetendit... et Romae Soli templum posuit,

Vop. Aur. 25; cf. id. ib. 4; 14; 35; 39; Lampr. Heliog. 1; 3; afterwards called Sol Invictus, whose birthday, acc. to the Calendar. Const., was celebrated December 25th; cf. Julian. Or. 4, p. 156.—

Of the sun-worship of other nations:

(Germani) deorum numero ducunt Solem et Vulcanum et Lunam,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21; cf.:

rex regum, frater Solis et Lunae,

of the king of Persia, Amm. 17, 5, 3.—

The sun-god as emblem of omniscience:

non potuit reperire, si ipsi Soli quaerundas dares, lepidiores ad hanc rem quam ego dabo,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206:

meliorem neque tu reperis, neque Sol videt,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 53:

at vigiles mundi... Sol et Luna,

Lucr. 5, 1435:

si hoc uno quicquam Sol vidisset iniquius,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28:

O Solem ipsum beatissimum, qui antequam se abderet fugientem vidit Antonium,

id. Phil. 14, 10, 27:

Solem consule, qui late facta diurna videt,

Ov. F. 4, 582:

quis Solem fallere possit?

id. A. A. 2, 573; cf. Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21; Sen. Herc. Fur. 595.—Hence represented as betrayer of conspiracies: propiusque honos [p. 1718] Boli, qui occulta conjurationis retexisset, Tac. A. 15, 74;

to him was commended the detection of murderers, in inscriptions over the slain: SOL, TIBI COMMENDO QVI MANVS INTVLIT EI,

Inscr. Orell. 4791:

SOL, TV INDICES EIVS MORTEM,

ib. 4792.—

Poet., to describe the times of the day: solverat flagrantes Sol pronus equos, = it was night, Stat. Th. 3, 408: Sol operum medius summo librabat Olympo Lucentes, ceu staret, equos, = it was mid-day, id. ib. 5, 85.

In gen., solis as an appellation.

DIES SOLIS, Sunday (late Lat.), Inscr. Orell. 508.—

Solis gemma, a precious stone, Plin. 37, 10, 67, § 181.—

Solis insula, off the coast of Gedrosia, Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 86; 6, 23, 26, § 97.—

Solis fons, in Marmorica, Curt. 4, 7, 22; Mela, 1, 8, 1; Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 31.—

Solis promunturium, in Africa, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 9.—

Solis oppidum, a town in Ægina, Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61.

sub-stĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [statuo].

To set, put, place, or lay under, to set or place next to any thing (so rare and mostly post - Aug.).

Lit.:

lapides plantae,

Pall. Mart. 10, 22:

post elephantos armaturas leves,

Hirt. B. Afr. 59, 3.—

Trop.:

substituerat animo speciem corporis amplam ac magnificam,

had presented to his imagination, figured to himself, Liv. 28, 35; cf.:

funera fratrum Debueras oculis substituisse tuis,

Ov. R. Am. 574:

substituebantur crimini,

were subjected to the charge, were accused, Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 8:

aliquem arbitrio,

Dig. 38, 1, 30.—

To put instead or in the place of another, to substitute (class.; syn.: suppono, subrogo).

In gen.:

in eorum locum cives Romanos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:

pontificem in locum Scipionis,

Suet. Tib. 4; Nep. Alcib. 7, 3; cf. Col. 5, 6, 1:

nunc pro te Verrem substituisti alterum civitati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161; cf. Liv. 38, 42:

aliam tabulam pro eā,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 91:

substituta fili persona,

id. 18, 3, 4, § 17: philosophiam nobis pro rei publicae procuratione, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 7.—With dat.:

consulem alicui,

Vell. 2, 58, 3; cf. Suet. Caes. 76:

equites Siculis,

Liv. 29, 1:

alia semina demortuis,

Col. 4, 17, 3:

libros de oratore his,

Quint. 3, 6, 60:

fortunam culpae,

id. 7, 4, 15:

personas,

id. 3, 8, 54:

defuncto altero e consulibus, neminem substituit,

Suet. Ner. 15:

substituitur mutua accusatio,

Quint. 7, 2, 9.—With in and abl. (late Lat.):

in locis suis secunda,

Amm. 15, 5, 23.—

In partic., in jurid. lang.: substituere heredem (alicui), to make second or alternate heir, in case the first should die:

heredes aut instituti dicuntur aut substituti: instituti primo gradu, substituti secundo vel tertio,

Dig. 28, 6, 1 sq.:

heredes invicem,

Suet. Tib. 76; so,

heredem (alicui),

id. Galb. 9; Quint. 7, 6, 9 al.—So with ellipsis of heredem:

inpuberi filio,

Dig. 28, 6, 1 sq.

ūsus, a, um, Part. of utor.

ūsus, ūs, m. [utor], the use or using of any thing, in the widest sense (cf.: consuetudo, mos).

Lit.

In gen.

The use, employment, exercise of any thing; with gen. obj.:

virtus in usu sui tota posita est: usus autem ejus est maximus civitatis gubernatio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

cetera, ad virtutis usum idonea,

id. Ac. 1, 6, 22.— Absol.:

Quaeque ipsi doceant in usu habere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10:

nec rhus Latinum nomen habet, cum in usum pluribus modis veniat,

Plin. 24, 11, 54, § 91.—

Wear, a wearing out or away ( poet.):

ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu,

Ov. A. A. 1, 473:

silices tenuantur ab usu,

id. ib. 3, 91.—

Use, enjoyment, [p. 1939] fruition:

et usu rerum necessarium et dignitate spoliatum iri,

Caes. B. G. 7, 66:

tantumque nobis in nostrum privatum usum, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

cave sis ne tu te usu perduis (i. e. ex usu tui),

lose control of yourself, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225 Ussing ad loc.—

Use, practice, exercise:

tantum usu cottidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

quod adsiduus usus uni rei deditus et ingenium et artem saepe vincit,

Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

cum rerum magnarum tractatio atque usus cum illarum artium studiis et cognitione conjungitur,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 5:

ad eam doctrinam, quam suo quisque studio adsecutus esset, adjungeretur usus frequens,

id. de Or. 1, 4, 15:

docuit nos longa vita ususque rerum maximarum,

id. ib. 2, 50, 204:

usu quidem in re publicā rerum maximarum facile omnis viceris,

id. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—

Use, experience, discipline, skill acquired by practice (cf. experientia): Da. O Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. Mi usus venit, hoc scio, i. e. I have found it so by experience, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23 (al. usu venit; v. infra, II. C. 2.):

vir tali prudentiā, etiam usu atque exercitatione praeditus,

Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

res posita in usu militari,

id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

usum in re publicā magnum habere,

id. Phil. 10, 2, 6: magnum in re militari usum habere, Caes B G. 1, 39; id. B. C. 2, 34:

non recusare se, quin nullius usus imperator existimaretur,

id. ib. 3, 45:

nullo usu rei militaris percepto,

id. B. G. 6, 40; id. B. C. 3, 84:

usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt,

id. B. G. 3, 8:

ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallerent,

id. B. C. 3, 86:

et Marius aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus,

Sall. J. 84, 3; cf. id. ib. 89, 6:

dantur duo usu sapientiāque praestantes,

Nep. Timoth. 3, 2:

seris venit usus ab annis,

Ov. M. 6, 29:

tum foeda clades, Romanisque usu incognita,

Flor. 2, 2, 23. —Personified:

adiciam quod me docuit usus, magister egregius,

experience, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 12:

usum et esse et haberi optimum dicendi magistrum,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4.—

Use, habit, usage, custom, practice:

usum loquendi populo concessi: scientiam mihi reservavi,

Cic. Or. 48, 160:

dicendi omnis ratio in medio posita communi quodam in usu,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

neque quem usum belli haberent, aut quibus institutis uterentur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20:

(vitulos) ad studium atque usum formabis agrestem,

Verg. G. 3, 163:

est omnino Capitoni in usu claros viros colere,

it is his custom, Plin. Ep. 1, 17, 3:

populum auctoritate suā ad usum frugalitatis revocavit,

Just. 20, 4, 5:

ab his Galli usum vitae cultioris didicerunt,

id. 43, 4, 1:

at horum recitatio usu jam recepta est,

Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 3:

cadent vocabula, si volet usus,

Hor. A. P. 71.—

In partic.

In jurid. lang.

Usus et fructus, usus fructusque, and more frequently in one word, ūsusfructus, the use and enjoyment of property belonging to another, usufruct:

usus enim ejus fundi et fructus testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae,

Cic. Caecin. 7, 19:

sibi horum usus fructusque contingat,

Sen. Ep. 73, 9:

rem nobis eripit casus, usum fructumque apud nos relinquit,

id. ib. 98, 11:

usumfructum omnium bonorum suorum Caesenniae legat, ut frueretur una cum filio,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11; cf.:

ususfructus est jus alienis rebus utendi fruendi, salvā rerum substantiā,

Dig. 7, 1, 1; v. the entire title, usufructu: dominus proprietatis alii usumfructum in jure cedere potest, Gai inst. 2, 30 sqq.; 2, 86; Ulp. Fragm. 15, 3.—

A use that creates ownership, acquisition by prescription, usucaption.

In the connection usus et auctoritas, or without the copula, usus auctoritas; v. auctoritas; and cf. Rein, Röm. Privatr. p. 144 sq.—

In the phrase usu capere, to acquire by prescription (often as one word; v. 1. usucapio); hence, com.: Mer. Quojus nunc es? Sos. Tuos:

nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218.—

Intercourse, familiarity, association, intimacy, society (cf.:

consuetudo, conversatio): domesticus usus et consuetudo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

quocum mihi est magnus usus,

id. Fam. 7, 32, 1; 9, 25, 2:

conjunctus magno usu familiaritatis,

id. ib. 13, 52:

in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā,

id. Planc. 2, 5:

inter nosmet ipsos vetus usus intercedit,

id. Fam. 13, 23, 1: ut insinuaret se in quam maxime familiarem usum, Liv. 40, 21, 11:

recens praestat nec longo cognitus usu,

Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 9:

natio nullo commercio colens mutuos usus,

Curt. 7, 3, 5:

neminem in usu habes nisi tibi dilectum,

Plin. Pan. 88.—Hence,

In mal. part., Tib. 1, 9, 55; Ov. R. Am. 357.—

Use, practice, reality (opp. species):

ut (liberi) in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42:

illam alteram (partem Numidiae) specie quam usu potiorem Adherbal possedit,

Sall. J. 16, 5:

ut non in usum sic ad speciem imperii,

Flor. 3, 13, 4.

Transf.

Use, usefulness, value, utility, benefit, profit, advantage:

levis fructus, exiguus usus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

(arborum) consectio magnos usus affert ad navigia facienda,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

propter lini inopiam atque ejus usus inscientiam,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

naves factae subito ex umidā materiā non eundem usum celeritatis habebant,

capacity, fitness, id. B. C. 1, 58:

natis in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare,

service, Hor. C. 1, 27, 1:

aurum cogere humanos in usus,

id. ib. 3, 3, 51:

pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum,

Ov. M. 2, 36:

nescis, quo valeat numus? quem praebeat usum?

Hor. S. 1, 1, 73:

quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne trahat nos,

id. ib. 2, 6, 75:

neque quisquam omnium libidini simul et usui paruit,

Sall. C. 51, 2:

plures quam quot satis in usum erant ignes,

Liv. 36, 10, 12:

servos quos domum quis ducet suo usu,

Dig. 50, 16, 203:

cicuta quoque venenum est... ad multa tamen usus non omittendi,

Plin. 25, 13, 95, § 151.—In partic., usui or ex usu esse, to be of use, service, or benefit, to be useful, serviceable, advantageous, or profitable:

esse usui civitati, ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1; id. B. C. 1, 19; Liv. 3, 33, 5; cf.:

(Satrius) fuit et mihi et Quinto fratri magno usui in nostris petitionibus,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3:

magno usui rei publicae esse,

id. Phil. 10, 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

bono usui esse,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

peritos legum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,

Liv. 3, 33, 5:

declararent, utrum proelium ex usu esset necne,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so,

ex usu esse,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14; Plin. 25, 13, 110, § 175:

ad omnia haec magis opportunus nec magis ex usu tuo Nemo'st,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 47. —

Use, occasion, need, want, necessity:

non te instruere domum tuam voluerunt in provinciā, sed illum usum provinciae supplere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:

quae belli usus poscunt, suppeditare,

Liv. 26, 43, 7:

illuc euntium, quā quemque suorum usuum causae ferrent,

id. 6, 25, 9.—

Usus est, or usus venit, there is need, it is necessary, becomes requisite.

Usus est (most freq. ante-class., esp. after the analogy of opus est with the abl.).

Absol.:

egomet mihi fero, quod usu'st,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 13:

ubicumque usus siet,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 9; and, with ellipsis of subst. verb:

dico ut usus fieri,

id. As. 2, 2, 109:

si quando usus esset,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92: Me. Mihi sic est usus: tibi ut opus facto'st, face. Ch. An cuiquam est usus homini, se ut cruciet? Me. Mihi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 sq.; cf.:

ut equites Pompeianorum impetum, cum adesset usus, sustinere non possent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84, 4.—

With abl.:

viginti jam usu'st filio argenti minis,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 4, 9, 47:

mulier quae se suamque aetatem spernit, speculo ei usus est,

id. Most. 1, 3, 93:

curatore usus est,

Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10:

ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27:

tacere nequeo misera, quod tacito usus est,

id. Cist. 1, 2, 10:

argento invento,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 48:

facto,

id. Am. 1, 3, 7; id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; id. Stich. 1, 1, 56 al.:

dicto,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 102:

navis, quibus usus non est, omnis praecidisse,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

quibus (navibus) consuli usus non esset,

Liv. 30, 41, 8:

nunc viribus usus, Nunc manibus rapidis, omni nunc arte magistrā,

Verg. A. 8, 441:

ad eam rem usu'st homine astuto, docto, scito et callido,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 151.—Pleonast.:

non usus facto'st mihi nunc hunc intro sequi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 47.—

With ut:

nunc ad me ut veniat usu'st Acroteleutium,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 39; cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 supra.—

With gen.:

alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

Liv. 26, 9, 9.—

Usus venit (not in Cic.):

si quis usus venerit, Meminisse ego hanc rem vos volo,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 28: quom ad praetorem usus veniet, id. Poen. 3, 4, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 129:

si usus vene rit,

id. Merc. 3, 1, 20:

non usus veniet, spero,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:

ut, si usus veniat, suum quisque locum teneat,

if occasion should arise, Caes. B. G. 7, 80.—

With abl.:

ubi usus veniat contra consertā manu,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3.—

A fit occasion or opportunity to be used.

Usus est or adest, an occasion or opportunity offers:

de ceteris studiis alio loco dicemus, si usus fuerit,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 5.—

Esp.: usu venit, it happens, occurs, befalls, chances:

nam quid homini potest turpius, quid viro miserius aut acerbius usu venire?

Cic. Quint. 15, 49; id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101:

si id culpa senectutis accideret, eadem mihi usu venirent,

id. Sen. 3, 7:

idem solet in demonstratione usu venire,

id. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 1, 54, 104:

quod item in poëmatis, in picturis usu venit,

id. Off. 3, 3, 15:

hoc illud eis usu venire solet, ut, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 35:

cum praesertim mihi usu venturum non arbitrarer, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 6: et, id quod usu venerat, Eumolpidas demigravit, actually occurred (however strange), Nep. Alcib. 4, 5:

id quod numquam antea usu venerat,

id. ib. 6, 3:

praemeditatus, quid sibi esset usu venturum,

Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8:

Caesar biduum in iis locis moratus, quod haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 9:

usu venire ut abhorreant, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8.—Separated or in a reversed order:

non venit idem usu mihi quod tu tibi scribis,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

quod cuipiam Thraco venisse usu fabula est,

Gell. 19, 12, 6:

quid, quod usu memoria patrum venit, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183.

vix, adv. [etym. dub.; perh. from root vic- of vinco], with difficulty, with much ado, hardly, scarcely, barely.

In gen.: quid est, sine his cur vivere velimus? mihi vero cum his ipsis vix;

his autem detractis ne vix quidem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 2:

quae vix aut ne vix quidem adpareant,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

ut vix aut omnino non posset... infirmari sua lex,

id. Att. 3, 23, 2; cf.:

profluens amnis aut vix aut nullo modo, conclusa autem aqua facile corrumpitur,

id. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

vix incedo inanis, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174:

vix sum compos animi,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:

vix me contineo, quin involem, etc.,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 20: Thr. Hic sunt tres minae. Gn. Vix, id. ib. 3, 2, 19:

vix in ipsis tectis frigus vitatur,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 2:

ego teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

Gabinius collegit ipse se vix, sed collegit tamen,

id. Pis. 12, 27:

iter angustum et difficile, vix quā singuli carri ducerentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

brevi spatio interjecto, vix ut his rebus... administrandis tempus daretur,

id. ib. 3, 4; cf.:

adeo, ut vix ulla possit causa reperiri, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 12: ex hominum milibus LX. vix ad D. sese redactos esse dixerunt,

to scarcely five hundred, Caes. B. G. 2, 28: carcer vix carcere dignus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 19 et saep.:

ego vix teneor, quin accurram,

Cic. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

vix est, ut id obtineat,

Dig. 41, 1, 7, § 7; so ib. 16, 1, 19 init. —

Strengthened,

By aegre:

vix aegreque amatorculos invenimus,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27:

vix et aegre,

App. M. 1, p. 111, 10:

vix et aegerrime,

id. ib. 1, p. 108, 40; v. aegre.—

By saltem:

illud vix saltem praecipiendum videtur,

Quint. 6, 4, 15.—

By repetition:

corpus matri vix vixque remissum,

Albin. 1, 167.—

In partic., of time, hardly, scarcely.

Absol.: assum atque advenio Acherunte vix via alta atque ardua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37 (Trag. Rel. p. 208 Rib.):

ah, vix tandem sensi stolidus!

Ter. And. 3, 1, 12:

vix tandem legi litteras,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 62, 2:

contingat vix deinde mori,

Val. Fl. 7, 537.—

With a foll. cum, and poet. also et, to denote the immediate succession of two events.

With cum:

vix agmen novissimum extra munitiones processerat, cum Galli, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8:

vix erat hoc plane imperatum, cum illum... videres,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

vix ea fatus erat, geminae cum forte columbae... caelo venere volantes,

Verg. A. 6, 190; Ov. M. 1, 69.—

With et:

vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus, Et superincumbens... liquidas projecit in undas Praecipitem,

Verg. A. 5, 857; so,

vix... et,

id. ib. 6, 498; Stat. Th. 5, 263; cf.:

vix... que,

Verg. A. 2, 692.—

With ellipsis of cum or et: vix proram attigerat, rumpit Saturnia funem, Verg. A. 10, 659; 8, 337:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

Ov. F. 5, 278; Phaedr. 4, 24, 28 sq.; so,

vix bene,

Ov. M. 2, 47.—

Strengthened by dum, and usually written in one word, vixdum, hardly then, scarcely yet:

Dolabella valde vituperabatur, quod tibi tam cito succederet, cum vixdum triginta dies in Syriā fuisses,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 2:

haec ego omnia vixdum etiam coetu nostro dimisso comperi,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

(Hannibalem) vixdum puberem,

Liv. 21, 3, 2:

vixdum serio adnuere,

id. 39, 42, 12:

progressis vixdum quattuor milia passuum,

id. 44, 5, 1; 32, 28, 4; 10, 32, 7:

puer vixdum libertatem, nedum dominationem modice laturus,

id. 24, 4, 1:

vixdum dimidium dixeram: intellexerat,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 4:

vixdum epistulam tuam legeram, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 3.—So with et, Liv. 36, 12, 5; 43, 4, 10; Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 7.