Перевод: с греческого на английский

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  • 1 ἔξειμι

    A ibo) [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg. ἔξεισθα (v. infr.); ἔξει wrongly expld. as imper. by Sch.Ar.Nu. 633; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.

    ἔξειτι Hsch.

    ; inf. ἐξιέναι, also ἐξίναι Machoap.Ath.13.580c: serving as [dialect] Att. [tense] fut. of ἐξέρχομαι, but with [tense] impf. ἐξῄειν, [dialect] Ion.

    ἐξήϊα Hdt.2.139

    :—go out, come out, esp. out of the house, Hom. mostly in Od.,

    ἔξεισθα θύραζε 20.179

    : c. gen. loci,

    ἐξῐέναι μεγάρων 1.374

    ;

    τῆς χώρας S.OC 909

    ; so

    ἐκ τῆς χώρης Hdt.1.94

    ; but ἐ. ἐκ τῶν ἱππέων leave the knights, quit service as one, ib.67;

    ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐ. D.C.60.10

    .
    2 εἰς ἔλεγχον ἐξιέναι come forth to apply the test, S.Ph.98; but, submit to the test, Id.Fr. 105;

    λόγων.. εἰς ἅμιλλαν ἐξιών E.Fr. 334

    .
    3 abs.,

    ἔξει Ar.Nu. 633

    ; esp. march out with an army, Th.5.13, X.Cyr.3.3.20, etc.;

    οἱ ἐξιόντες Th.1.95

    : c. acc. cogn., ἐκδήμους στρατείας οὐκ ἐξῇσαν ib.15;

    πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐ. S.Tr. 159

    ; ἐξόδους ἐ. go out in procession, D.48.55;

    ἐ. ὑστάτην ὁδόν E.Alc. 610

    ; ἐ. τὴν ἀμφίαλον (sc. ὁδόν) X.HG4.2.13;

    τὰς πύλας Ath.8.351d

    .
    4 come forward on the stage,

    οὑξιὼν πρώτιστα Ar.Ra. 946

    .
    II of Time or incidents, come to an end, expire, Hdt.2.139;

    ὅταν περ τὸ κακὸν ἐξίῃ S.Ph. 767

    ;

    ἐξιούσης τῆς ἀρχῆς Lys.9.6

    ; ὅποι ἔξεισι τὰ ἴχνη where they cease, X.Cyn.8.3.
    ------------------------------------
    A sum), only used in impers. forms (v. ἔξεστι), exc. in αἰ ἐλεύθεροι μὴ ἐξεῖεν if [a woman] shall leave no free-born issue, Leg.Gort.7.9.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔξειμι

  • 2 κατασκευάζω

    κατασκευ-άζω, [tense] fut. - σκευάσω, [dialect] Att.
    A

    - σκευῶ SIG1097.9

     (Athens, iv B.C.), IPE12.32B53 (Olbia, iii B.C.): [dialect] Dor. [tense] aor. - εσκεύαξα Ti. [dialect] Locr.94d, Test.Epict.1.14, also

    κατεσκέαξα Africa Italiana 1.330

     ([place name] Cyrene): [dialect] Boeot. [tense] aor. inf.

    - σκευάττη SIG1185.13

     (Tanagra, iii B.C.): [tense] pf.

    - εσκεύᾰκα D.42.30

    : [tense] fut. [voice] Med. [ per.] 3sg.

    - ᾶται SIG1015.28

     (Halic.): [dialect] Dor. [tense] aor. [voice] Med.

    - εσκευαξάμην Test.Epict.1.9

    :—equip, furnish fully with.., [ πᾶσι] κ. τὸ πλοῖον with all appliances, D.18.194:—[voice] Med., τοὺς ἵππους Χαλκοῖς.. προβλήμασι κ. X.Cyr.6.1.51:—freq. in [voice] Pass.,

    ἱρὸν θησαυροῖσί τε καὶ ἀναθήμασι κατεσκευασμένον Hdt.8.33

    , cf. 2.44; κατασκευὴ Χρυσῶ τε καὶ ἀργύρω κατεσκ. Id.9.82;

    οἷς ἡ Χώρα κατεσκεύασται Th.6.91

    .
    2 without dat., furnish, equip fully,

    τὴν Χώραν X.An.1.9.19

    ;

    κ. τινὰ ἐπὶ στρατιάν Id.Cyr.3.3.3

    ; [ ἐλέφαντας]

    κ. πρὸς τὴν πολεμικὴν Χρείαν OGI54.12

     (Adule, iii B.C.):—[voice] Med., κ. τοὺς ὄνους having got his asses ready, Hdt.2.121.δ, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

    τῆς Ἀντάνδρου μελλούσης -σκευάζεσθαι Th.4.75

    , cf. 8.24; ἔργα -ασμένα cultivated farms, Anaxag.4; of persons, to be under treatment, Phld. Lib.p.3 O., al.
    3 construct, build,

    γέφυραν Hdt.1.186

     ([voice] Pass.);

    διδασκαλεῖον Antipho 6.11

    ;

    πόλιν Pl.R. 557d

    ;

    γυμνάσια Id.Lg. 761c

    ; ἱερὰ θυσίας τε αὑτοῖς κ. Id.Criti. 113c;

    ἐπιτείχισμ' ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀττικήν D. 18.71

    : generally, prepare, arrange, establish,

    κ. δημοκρατίαν X.HG 2.3.36

    ;

    δύναμιν τῇ πόλει And.3.39

    ;

    συμπόσιον Pl.R. 363c

    ;

    ἰσότητα τῆς οὐσίας Id.Lg. 684d

    , cf. Arist.Pol. 1265a39;

    ὀλιγαρχίαν Id.Ath. 37.1

    ;

    ναύτας D.50.36

    ; κ. τινὰς μελέτῃ train them, X.Cyr.8.1.43, etc.; turn out,

    πολιτικούς Phld.Rh.2.264

     S., al.:—[voice] Med., κατασκευάζεσθαι ναυμαχίαν prepare it, make ready for it, v.l. for παρασκ- in Th.2.85; make for oneself, esp. build a house and furnish it, opp.

    ἀνασκευάζομαι Id.1.93

    , 2.17; unpack, opp. ἀνασκ., X.Cyr.8.5.2;

    κ. ἐρημίαν αὑτῶ Pl.Lg. 730c

    , etc.; κ. τ ράπεζαν set up a bank, Is.Fr.66; κατασκευάζομαι τέχνην μυρεψικήν I am setting up as a perfumer, Lys.Fr. 1.2;

    τοὺς ἐγγυτάτω τῆς ἀγορᾶς κατ εσκευασμένους Id.24.20

    ; [ πρόσοδον] οὐ μικρὰν κατεσκευάσαντο made themselves a good [income], D.27.61, cf. And.4.11.
    4 of fraudulent transactions, fabricate, trump up,

    πρόφασιν X.Cyr.2.4.17

    ;

    τὸ ἀπόρρητον κατασκευάσαι D.2.6

    ;

    λιποταξίου γραφὴν κατεσκεύασεν Id.21.103

    , cf.92;

    Χρέα ψευδῆ Id.42.30

    , cf.45.22 ([voice] Pass.); of persons, suborn,

    λογοποιούς Din.1.35

    ; set up,

    ἢ.. ἐπιτίθενται αὐτοὶ ἢ κατασκευάζουσιν ἕτερον Arist.Pol. 1306a1

    ; οἱ κατεσκευασμένοι τῶν Θετταλῶν men prepared for the purpose, D.18.151;

    κατεσκ. δανεισταί Id.42.28

    : c. inf.,

    τὸν ἀνεψιὸν.. κατεσκεύασεν ἀμφισβητεῖν Id.55.1

    .
    5 c. dupl. acc., make, render, [ φρούρια]

    κ. ὡς ἐχυρώτατα X.Cyr.2.4.17

    ; ἀριστερὰ δεξιῶν ἀσθενέστερα κ, Pl.Lg. 795a;

    φοβερὸν κ. τὸ αὐτόχειρα γενέσθαι D.20.158

    ;

    ἀνομοθέτητον ἑαυτῶ τὸν βίον Duris 10

     J.;

    κ. τινὰ τοιοῦτον.. Arist.Rh. 1380a2

     (also with Adv., πρὸς ἑαυτὸν κ. εὖ τὸν ἀκροατήν render the audience favourably disposed towards oneself, 1419b11).
    6 represent as so and so, κ. τινὰς παροίνους, ὑβριστάς, ἀγνώμονας, D.54.14, cf. 45.82; εἰ μὴ Γοργίαν Νέστορά τινα κατασκευάζεις unless you make out a Gorgias to be Nestor, Pl.Phdr. 261c.
    7 in argument, maintain, prove, τῶν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ πραγμάτων.. ὡς ἐγὼ αἴτιός εἰμι, κατεσκεύαζε tried to make out that.., D.21.110;

    κ. ὅτι.. Arr.Epict.3.15.14

    , S.E.P.1.32; κ. τῶ λόγψ establish a proposition by reasoning, Damian.Opt.5;

    διὰ λόγου -σκευασθήσεται Phld. Sign.6

    .
    8 in Logic, construct a positive argument, opp. ἀναιρέω, ἀνασκευάζω (of negative arguments), Arist.Rh. 1401b3, cf. Plu.2.1036b, etc.: Philos., κ. τῶν ἀριθμῶν ἰδέαν construct, postulate, Arist.EN 1096a19, cf. Metaph. 984b25, al.
    9 Geom., construct, Euc.5.7 ([voice] Pass.), Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.6 ([voice] Pass.); solve by a construction,

    πρόβλημα Papp. 54.25

    .
    11 abs. in [voice] Med., prepare oneself or make ready for doing,

    ὡς πολεμήσοντες Th.2.7

    ;

    ὡς οἰκήσων X.An.3.2.24

    ;

    ὡς εἰς μάχην Paus. 5.21.14

    .
    12 [voice] Pass., of disease, to become established,

    - σκευαζομένου τοῦ πάθους Gal.8.332

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατασκευάζω

  • 3 ἐκδίδωμι

    ἐκδίδωμι, [ per.] 3sg.
    A

    ἐκδιδοῖ Hdt.1.80

    ,al.:—give up, esp.somethingseized and detained unlawfully,

    Ἑλένην καὶ κτήμαθ' ἅμ' αὐτῇ Il.3.459

    , cf. Hdt.1.3: generally, surrender, esp. of giving up refugees, ib.74, 158 sq.;

    τινὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς S.Ph. 1386

    , cf. OT 1040, etc.;

    ἐ. τινὰ τοῖς κατηγόροις D.21.30

    , cf. 29.38; ἐ. δοῦλον give up a slave to be examined by torture, Antipho 6.27, D.29.14;

    αὐτὸν ἐξέδωκεν μαστιγῶσαι Εὐριπίδῃ Arist.Pol. 1311b32

    ;

    αὑτὸν ἐς τιμωρίαν τοῖς δικασταῖς Polyaen.6.7.1

    ; surrender a city,

    Ἀμφίπολιν D.19.253

    , cf. 257:—[voice] Med., θυμὸν ἐκδόσθαι πρὸς ἥβαν give up one's heart to jollity, Pi.P.4.295.
    2 give out of one's house,
    a ἐ. θυγατέρα give one's daughter in marriage,

    τινί Hdt.1.196

    , E.IA 132 (anap.), cf. Thphr.Char.22.4; θυγατέρας παρὰ σφῶν αὐτῶν ἐκδόντες having provided for their marriage at their own expense, D.27.69;

    Ἄλκηστιν ἐ. πρὸς γάμον D.S.4.53

    ; freq. also without any acc., give in marriage,

    ἐ. εἰς οὒς ἂν ἐθέλωσι Pl.R. 613d

    , cf. 362b, Th.8.21, etc.: metaph., of the elements,

    συνοικίζειν καὶ ἐ. Pl. Sph. 242d

    :—less freq. in [voice] Med.,

    ἐκδίδοσθαι θυγατέρα Hdt.2.47

    , Thphr. Char.30.19;

    ἐξέδου κόρην ὅτῳ σε θυμὸς ἦγεν E.Med. 309

    :—[voice] Pass., Arc. ἐσδοθένσᾳ ( = ἐκδοθείσῃ) given in marriage, SIG306.7 (Tegea, iv B.C.).
    b give one's son for adoption, τοὺς μὲν (sc. υἱοὺς)

    εἰς ἑτέρας οἰκίας Plb.31.28.2

    , cf. POxy.1206.6 (iv A. D.); also ἐ. τὸν παῖδα ἐπὶ τέχνην put him out as an apprentice, X.Eq.2.2, cf. BGU1021.6, etc.
    3 farm out, let for hire,

    τὴν αὐλήν Hdt.1.68

    , cf. SIG1044.29 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.), etc.; ἐ. ἀνδράποδα to let out slaves for work, X. Vect.4.15;

    πῶλον Id.Eq.2.2

     (also in [voice] Med., ἐξέδοτο [ ἀμπελῶνα]

    γεωργοῖς Ev.Marc.12.1

    ): c. inf.,

    χαλινὸν χαλκεῖ ἐ. σκευάσαι Pl.Prm. 127a

    ; ἐ. [ θύλακον]

    τῷ σκυτοδέψῃ ἐπιρράψαι Thphr.Char.16.6

    ; ὅταν ἐκδῷ θοἰμάτιον ἐκπλῦναι ib.22.8 ; ἐκδόντος μοι Δημοσθένους..στέφανον χρυσοῦν ὥστε κατασκευάσαι Test. ap. D.21.22; ὥσπερ ἀνδριάντ' ἐκδεδωκὼς κατὰ συγγραφήν like one who has contracted for the execution of a statue, D.18.122.
    4 give in charge to another, πολλοὺς ἐξέδωκα Προδίκῳ (with play on signf. 2) Pl.Tht. 151b; ἐκδιδοὺς νεικέων so as to be out of the way of quarrels, E.Ba. 293 (s.v.l.): c. inf.,

    Δὶ τοῦτ'..ἐκδώσομεν πράσσειν Pi.O.13.106

    .
    5 bring out,

    ἀλλ' ἐκδότω τις..δᾷδας Ar.Pl. 1194

    ;

    ἐκδότω δέ τις..δίφρω δύο Id.Fr. 348

    .
    6 lend out money on security, etc., Lexap.D.35.51;

    ναυτικὰ ἐκδεδομένα Lys.32.6

    .
    b simply, pay out, Arist.Oec. 1349b31, PSI3.204(ii A. D.).
    7 put out, publish, of books, etc., chiefly in [voice] Pass.,

    λόγος ὁ πρότερον ἐκδοθείς Isoc.5.11

    , cf.Plb.2.37.6, Str.1.2.2;

    τοῖς ἐκδεδομένοις λόγοις Arist. Po. 1454b18

    :—in [voice] Act., Plu.Rom.8.
    8 of a woman, bring to the birth, App.BC1.83.
    9 of land, etc., return, yield, produce,

    μέταλλα.. μονολίθους ἐκδιδόντα πλάκας Str.5.2.5

    .
    10 hand over, deliver a document,

    ἀποχήν BGU260.6

     (i A. D.), etc.:—[voice] Med., PFlor.384.113 (V A. D.).
    11 betray, Hsch.
    II intr., of rivers, empty themselves, disembogue, ἐς θάλασσαν, ἐς τὴν Σύρτιν, ἐς τὸν Μαίανδρον, etc., Hdt.1.80, 2.150, 7.26, etc.
    2 τῶν ἄλλων [ ζῴων] τὰ μὲν εἰς ὀδόντας ἐκδίδωσι..τὰ δὲ εἰς κέρατα.. run to teeth, etc., Arist.Pr. 898a22; find an outlet, εἰς κεφαλήν ib.29.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκδίδωμι

  • 4 διά

    διά prep. w. gen. and acc. (Hom.+) (for lit. s. ἀνά, beg.); the fundamental idea that finds expression in this prep. is separation, esp. in the gen., with the gener. sense ‘through’; in the acc. the gener. sense also is ‘through’ (cp. the semantic range in Eng.), but primarily with a causal focus ‘owing to’.
    A. w. gen.
    ① marker of extension through an area or object, via, through
    ⓐ w. verbs of going διέρχεσθαι διὰ πάντων (sc. τόπων, EpArist 132) go through all the places Ac 9:32; cp. Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. ἀπελεύσομαι διʼ ὑμῶν εἰς I will go through your city on the way to Ro 15:28; cp. 2 Cor. 1:16. διαβαίνειν Hb 11:29. διαπορεύεσθαι διὰ σπορίμων Lk 6:1. εἰσέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς πύλης (Jos., Ant. 13, 229) Mt 7:13a; τ. θύρας J 10:1f; cp. vs. 9. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τ. ὁδοῦ pass by along the road Mt 8:28; cp. 7:13b. παραπορεύεσθαι Mk 2:23; 9:30. περιπατεῖν διὰ τοῦ φωτός walk about through or in the light Rv 21:24. ὑποστρέφειν διὰ Μακεδονίας return through M. Ac 20:3.—Ἰης. ὁ ἐλθὼν διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 first of all refers quite literally to Jesus’ passing through water at the hand of John and through blood at his death (on the expression ‘come through blood’ in this sense cp. Eur., Phoen. 20 in Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31 II 2 p. 202, 10, of the oracle to Laius the father of Oedipus, concerning the bloody downfall of his house: πᾶς σὸς οἶκος βήσεται διʼ αἵματος). But mng. 3c may also apply: Jesus comes with the water of baptism and with the blood of redemption for his own.—AKlöpper, 1J 5:6–12: ZWT 43, 1900, 378–400.—The ῥῆμα ἐκπορευόμενον διὰ στόματος θεοῦ Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3) is simply the word that proceeds out of the mouth of God (cp. Theognis 1, 18 Diehl3 τοῦτʼ ἔπος ἀθανάτων ἦλθε διὰ στομάτων; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 διὰ στόματος λαλεῖ; Chrysippus argues in Diog. L. 7, 187: εἴ τι λαλεῖς, τοῦτο διὰ τοῦ στόματός σου διέρχεται, i.e. if one e.g. says the word ἅμαξα, a wagon passes through the person’s lips; TestIss 7:4 ψεῦδος οὐκ ἀνῆλθε διὰ τ. χειλέων μου. Cp. also δέχεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Gen 33:10 beside δέχ. ἐκ τ. χειρ. τινος Ex 32:4).
    ⓑ w. other verbs that include motion: οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος διὰ πασῶν τ. ἐκκλησιῶν (sc. ἀγγέλλεται) throughout all the congregations 2 Cor 8:18. διαφέρεσθαι διʼ (v.l. καθʼ) ὅλης τῆς χώρας be spread through the whole region Ac 13:49. διὰ τ. κεράμων καθῆκαν αὐτόν they let him down through the tile roof Lk 5:19. διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν through an opening in the wall (Jos., Ant. 5, 15) Ac 9:25; cp. 2 Cor 11:33. (σωθήσεται) ὡς διὰ πυρός as if he had come through fire 1 Cor 3:15. διασῴζεσθαι διʼ ὕδατος be brought safely through the water 1 Pt 3:20.—διʼ ὅλου J 19:23 s. ὅλος 2.
    ⓐ of a whole period of time, to its very end throughout, through, during διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου. Edd. gener. write διὰ παντός, but Tdf. writes διαπαντός exc. Mt 18:10) always, continually, constantly (Hdt. 1, 122, 3; Thu. 1, 38, 1; Vett. Val. 220, 1; 16; PLond I, 42, 6 [172 B.C.] p. 30; BGU 1078, 2; PGM 7, 235; LXX; GrBar 10:7; EpArist index; Jos., Ant. 3, 281; SibOr Fgm. 1, 17; Just., D. 6, 2; 12, 3 al.) Mt 18:10; Mk 5:5; Lk 24:53; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 10:2; 24:16; Ro 11:10 (Ps 68:24); 2 Th 3:16; Hb 9:6; 13:15; Hm 5, 2, 3; Hs 9, 27, 3. διὰ νυκτός during the night, overnight (νύξ 1b) Ac 23:31. διʼ ὅλης νυκτός the whole night through Lk 5:5; J 21:6 v.l. (X., An. 4, 2, 4; Diod S 3, 12, 3 διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός; PGM 4, 3151; Jos., Ant. 6, 37; cp. διʼ ἡμέρας all through the day: IPriene 112, 61 and 99; 1 Macc 12:27; 4 Macc 3:7). διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 means either for forty days (Philo, Vi. Cont. 35 διʼ ἓξ ἡμερῶν. So AFridrichsen, ThBl 6, 1927, 337–41; MEnslin, JBL 47, 1928, 60–73) or (s. b below) now and then in the course of 40 days (B-D-F §223, 1; Rob. 581; WMichaelis, ThBl 4, 1925, 102f; Bruce, Acts). διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν throughout the lifetime Hb 2:15 (cp. διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου: X., Mem. 1, 2, 61; Pla., Phileb. 39e; Dionys. Hal. 2, 21; διʼ ὅλου τοῦ ζῆν EpArist 130; 141; 168).
    ⓑ of a period of time within which someth. occurs during, at (PTebt 48, 10) διὰ (τῆς) νυκτός at night, during the night (Palaeph. 1, 10; PRyl 138, 15 κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτός; Jos., Bell. 1, 229. S. νύξ 1b end) Ac 5:19; 16:9; 17:10. διὰ τῆς ἡμέρας during the day Lk 9:37 D (Antig. Car. 128 διὰ πέμπτης ἡμέρας=on the fifth day). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58.
    ⓒ of an interval of time, after (Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; X., Mem. 2, 8, 1; Diod S 5, 28, 6 of transmigration of souls: διʼ ἐτῶν ὡρισμένων [=after the passing of a certain number of years] πάλιν βιοῦν; OGI 56, 38; 4 Macc 13:21; Jos., Ant. 4, 209): διʼ ἐτῶν πλειόνων after several years Ac 24:17. διὰ δεκατεσσάρων (s. under δέκα) ἐτῶν after 14 years Gal 2:1. διʼ ἡμερῶν several days afterward Mk 2:1. διὰ ἱκανοῦ χρόνου after (quite) some time Ac 11:2 D (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 28 διὰ χρόνου).
    ③ marker of instrumentality or circumstance whereby someth. is accomplished or effected, by, via, through
    ⓐ of means or instrument γράφειν διά χάρτου καὶ μέλανος write w. paper and ink 2J 12; cp. 3J 13 (Plut., Sol. 87 [17, 3]). διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμάζειν test by fire 1 Pt 1:7. διὰ χρημάτων κτᾶσθαι Ac 8:20. Hebraistically in expr. denoting activity διὰ χειρῶν τινος (LXX) Mk 6:2; Ac 5:12; 14:3; 19:11, 26. Differently γράφειν διὰ χειρός τινος write through the agency of someone 15:23; cp. 11:30. εἰπεῖν διὰ στόματός τινος by the mouth of someone (where the usage discussed in A1a is influential) 1:16; 3:18, 21; 4:25. εὔσημον λόγον διδόναι διὰ τῆς γλώσσης utter intelligible speech with the tongue 1 Cor 14:9. διὰ τοῦ νοὸς λαλεῖν speak, using one’s reason (=consciously; opp., ecstatic speech) vs. 19 v.l. Of the work of Christ: περιποιεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ αἵματος obtain through his blood Ac 20:28; cp. Eph 1:7; Col 1:20. Also διὰ τοῦ θανάτου Ro 5:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14; διὰ τοῦ σώματος Ro 7:4; διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. 2:15; διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ Eph 2:16; διὰ τῆς θυσίας Hb 9:26; διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ through the offering of the body of Jesus 10:10; διὰ παθημάτων 2:10.
    ⓑ of manner, esp. w. verbs of saying: ἀπαγγέλλειν διὰ λόγου by word of mouth Ac 15:27; cp. 2 Th 2:15. διʼ ἐπιστολῶν by letter (POxy 1066, 9; 1070, 14f πολλάκις σοι γράψας διὰ ἐπιστολῶν πολλῶν; Tat. 12:3 δια γραφῆς in writing) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 10:11; cp. 2 Th 2:2, 15. διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ w. many words Ac 15:32. διʼ ὁράματος εἰπεῖν in a vision 18:9. διὰ παραβολῆς in an illustrative way, in a parable Lk 8:4. διὰ προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως προσεύχεσθαι call on (God) w. prayer and supplication Eph 6:18. διὰ βραχέων ἐπιστέλλειν write briefly Hb 13:22 (cp. 1 Pt 5:12 P72; Isocr. 14, 3; Lucian, Tox. 56; EpArist 128; Ath. 17:1 σκέψασθε … διὰ βρ.). Also διʼ ὀλίγων γράφειν 1 Pt 5:12 (Pla., Phileb. 31d; UPZ 42, 9 [162 B.C.]; 2 Macc 6:17).
    ⓒ of attendant or prevailing circumstance (Kühner-G. I 482f; X., Cyr. 4, 6, 6 διὰ πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγων; Just., D. 105, 2 διʼ οὗ πάθους ἔμελλενἀποθνῄσκειν; PTebt 35, 9 [111 B.C.] διὰ τῆς γνώμης τινός=with someone’s consent; Jos., Bell. 4, 105) σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου you who, (though provided) with the written code and circumcision, are a transgressor/violator of the law Ro 2:27. διʼ ὑπομονῆς 8:25. διὰ προσκόμματος eat with offense (to the scruples of another) 14:20. διʼ ἀκροβυστίας in a state of being uncircumcised 4:11. διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων with many tears 2 Cor 2:4. Cp. 6:7. διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως 2 Pt 1:3 ( through recognition [of God as source of the gifts], s. Danker, Benefactor 457). διὰ πυρός in fiery form AcPlCor 2:13.—Here prob. belongs σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 Ti 2:15 (opp. of the negative theme in Gen. 3:16), but s. d next. On 1J 5:6 s. A1a above.
    ⓓ of efficient cause via, through διὰ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας ( only) recognition of sin comes via the law Ro 3:20; cp. 4:13. τὰ παθήματα τὰ διὰ τοῦ νόμου passions aroused via the law 7:5. διὰ νόμου πίστεως by the law of faith 3:27; Gal 2:19. ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνειν διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς Ro 7:8, 11; cp. 13. διὰ τ. εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα (spiritual parenthood) 1 Cor 4:15. Perh. 1 Ti 2:15 but s. c, above. διὰ τῆς σοφίας with its wisdom 1 Cor 1:21; opp. διὰ τῆς μωρίας τοῦ κηρύγματος through the folly of proclamation = foolish proclamation ibid. διὰ τῆς Λευιτικῆς ἱερωσύνης Hb 7:11. Freq. διὰ (τῆς) πίστεως Ro 1:12; 3:22, 25, 30f; Gal 2:16; 3:14, 26; Eph 2:8; 3:12, 17 al. Cp. AcPl Cor 2:8. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη faith which works through (=expresses itself in) deeds of love Gal 5:6. διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ if God is willing Ro 15:32; by the will of God 1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1; 8:5; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1.
    ⓔ of occasion διὰ τῆς χάριτος by virtue of the grace Ro 12:3; Gal 1:15 (Just., D. 100, 2).—3:18; 4:23; Phlm 22. διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀρετῆς in consequence of his glory and excellence 2 Pt 1:3 v.l.
    ⓕ in wording of urgent requests διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ by the mercy of God Ro 12:1; cp. 15:30; 1 Cor 1:10; 2 Cor 10:1.
    ④ marker of pers. agency, through, by
    ⓐ with focus on agency through ( the agency of), by (X., An. 2, 3, 17 διʼ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν; Menand., Fgm. 210, 1 οὐθεὶς διʼ ἀνθρώπου θεὸς σῴζει … ἑτέρου τόν ἕτερον; Achilles Tat. 7, 1, 3 διʼ ἐκείνου μαθεῖν; Just., D. 75, 4 διὰ παρθένου γεννηθῆναι; PMert 5, 8 γεομετρηθῆναι διʼ αὐτοῦ) ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Mt 1:22; 2:15, 23; 4:14 al. (cp. Just., A I, 47, 5 διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ πρ.). γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν Lk 18:31; cp. Ac 2:22; 10:36; 15:12 al. διʼ ἀνθρώπου by human agency Gal 1:1. διὰ Μωϋσέως through Moses (Jos., Ant. 7, 338; Mel., P. 11, 77 διὰ χειρὸς Μωυσέως) J 1:17; under Moses’ leadership Hb 3:16. διʼ ἀγγέλων by means of divine messengers (TestJob 18:5 διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου; cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 136, but s. n. by RMarcus, Loeb ed., ad loc.) Gal 3:19; Hb 2:2. πέμψας διὰ τ. μαθητῶν εἶπεν sent and said through his disciples Mt 11:2f. Cp. the short ending of Mk. γράφειν διά τινος of the bearer IRo 10:1; IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, but also of pers. who had a greater or smaller part in drawing up some document (Dionys. of Cor. in Eus., HE 4, 23, 11) 1 Pt 5:12 (on the practice s. ERichards, The Secretary in the Letters of Paul ’91). In this case διά comes close to the mng. represented by (LWenger, D. Stellvertretung im Rechte d. Pap. 1906, 9ff; Dssm., LO 98 [LAE 123f]). So also κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. God judges, represented by Christ Jesus Ro 2:16. Christ as intermediary in the creation of the world J 1:3, 10; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16.—εὐχαριστεῖν τ. θεῷ διὰ Ἰ. Χρ. thank God through Jesus Christ Ro 1:8; 7:25; Col 3:17.—Occasionally the mediation becomes actual presence (references for this usage in BKeil, Anonymus Argentinensis 1902, p. 192, 1; 306 note) διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων in the presence of many witnesses 2 Ti 2:2 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 114, 31 διὰ θεοῦ μέσου=in the presence of God as mediator; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 187 τὸ διὰ μαρτύρων κλαίειν=weeping in the presence of witnesses).
    ⓑ with focus on the originator of an action (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, EpArist)
    α. of human activity (PSI 354, 6 [254 B.C.] τὸν χόρτον τὸν συνηγμένον διʼ ἡμῶν=by us; 500, 5; 527, 12; 1 Esdr 6:13; 2 Macc 6:21; 4 Macc 1:11) 2 Cor 1:11 (where διὰ πολλῶν resumes ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων). ᾧ παρέλαβε κανόνι διὰ τῶν μακαρίων προφήτων καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου εὐαγγελίου AcPlCor 2:36.
    β. of divine activity:—of God (Aeschyl., Ag. 1485; Pla., Symp. 186e ἡ ἰατρικὴ πᾶσα διὰ τ. θεοῦ τούτου [Asclepius] κυβερνᾶται; Ael. Aristid., Sarap. [Or. 8 Dind.=45 Keil] 14 K. πάντα γὰρ πανταχοῦ διὰ σοῦ τε καὶ διὰ σὲ ἡμῖν γίγνεται; Zosimus in CALG p. 143 and a magic ring in introd. 133; EpArist 313) 1 Cor 1:9 διʼ οὗ ἐκλήθητε (v.l. ὑπό s. καλέω 4); Ro 11:36 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50; 347f); Hb 2:10b (s. B 2a, below; cp. Ar. 1:5 διʼ αὐτοῦ … τὰ πάντα συνέστηκεν).—Of Christ Ro 1:5; 5:9, 17f, 21; 8:37; 2 Cor 1:20 al. (ASchettler, D. paulin. Formel ‘durch Christus’ 1907; GJonker, De paulin. formule ‘door Christus’: ThSt 27, 1909, 173–208).—Of the Holy Spirit Ac 11:28; 21:4; Ro 5:5.
    ⑤ At times διά w. gen. seems to have causal mng. (Rdm. 142; POxy 299, 2 [I A.D.] ἔδωκα αὐτῷ διὰ σοῦ=because of you; Achilles Tat. 3, 4, 5 διὰ τούτων=for this reason; in Eng. cp. Coleridge, Anc. Mariner 135–36: Every tongue thro’ utter drouth Was wither’d at the root, s. OED s.v. ‘through’ I B 8) διὰ τῆς σαρκός because of the resistance of the flesh Ro 8:3.—2 Cor 9:13.—On the use of διά w. gen. in Ro s. Schlaeger, La critique radicale de l’épître aux Rom.: Congr. d’ Hist. du Christ. II 111f.
    B. w. acc.
    ① marker of extension through an area, through (Hom. and other early Gk. only in poetry, e.g. Pind. P. 9, 123 διʼ ὅμιλον ‘through the throng’; Hellenistic prose since Dionys. Hal. [JKäser, D. Präpositionen b. Dionys. Hal., diss. Erlangen 1915, 54]; ISyriaW 1866b τὸν πάτρωνα διὰ πάντα of the governor of a whole province) διήρχετο διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 (cp. SibOr 3, 316 ῥομφαία διελεύσεται διὰ μέσον σεῖο).
    ② marker of someth. constituting cause
    ⓐ the reason why someth. happens, results, exists: because of, for the sake of (do something for the sake of a divinity: UPZ 62, 2 [161 B.C.] διὰ τὸν Σάραπιν; JosAs 1:10 διʼ αὐτήν; ApcSed 3:3 διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον; Tat. 8:2 διὰ τὸν … Ἄττιν; Ath. 30, 1 διὰ τὴν Δερκετώ) hated because of the name Mt 10:22; persecution arises because of teaching 13:21; because of unbelief vs. 58; because of a tradition 15:3; διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον (the sabbath was designed) for people Mk 2:27; because of Herodias Mk 6:17 (cp. Just. D. 34, 8 διὰ γυναῖκα); because of a crowd Lk 5:19; 8:19 al; because of Judeans Ac 16:3. διὰ τὸν θόρυβον 21:34; because of rain 28:2. Juristically to indicate guilt: imprisoned for insurrection and murder Lk 23:25. διʼ ὑμᾶς on your account=through your fault Ro 2:24 (Is 52:5). διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν because of the passing over 3:25 (but s. WKümmel, ZTK 49, ’52, 164). διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα on account of transgressions 4:25a (cp. Is 53:5; PsSol 13:5); but διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν in the interest of justification vs. 25b; s. 8:10 for a sim. paired use of διὰ. διὰ τὴν χάριν on the basis of the grace 15:15. διʼ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκός because of a physical ailment (cp. POxy 726, 10f [II A.D.] οὐ δυνάμενος διʼ ἀσθένειαν πλεῦσαι. Cp. ἀσθένεια 1) Gal 4:13. διὰ τὸ θέλημα σου by your will Rv 4:11. διὰ τὸν χρόνον according to the time = by this time Hb 5:12 (Aelian, VH 3, 37 δ. τὸν χρ.=because of the particular time-situation).—W. words denoting emotions out of (Diod S 5, 59, 8 διὰ τὴν λύπην; 18, 25, 1 διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν=out of rashness; Appian, Celt. 1 §9 διʼ ἐλπίδα; 2 Macc 5:21; 7:20; 9:8; 3 Macc 5:32, 41; Tob 8:7): διὰ φθόνον out of envy Mt 27:18; Phil 1:15. διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους out of tender mercy Lk 1:78. διὰ τ. φόβον τινός out of fear of someone J 7:13. διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην out of the great love Eph 2:4. διὰ τ. πλεονεξίαν in their greediness B 10:4.—Of God as the ultimate goal or purpose of life, whereas διά w. gen. (s. A4bβ above) represents God as Creator, Hb 2:10a (s. Norden, op. cit.; PGM 13, 76 διὰ σὲ συνέστηκεν … ἡ γῆ). Cp. J 6:57 (s. Bultmann ad loc.) PtK 2.
    ⓑ in direct questions διὰ τί; why? (Hyperid. 3, 17; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 28; Ael. Aristid. 31 p. 597 D.; oft. LXX; TestJob 37:8; TestLevi 2:9; GrBar, Tat; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 42) mostly in an interrogative clause Mt 9:11, 14; 13:10; 15:2f; 17:19; 21:25; Mk 2:18; 11:31; Lk 5:30; 19:23, 31; 20:5; 24:38; J 7:45; 8:43, 46; 12:5; 13:37; Ac 5:3; 1 Cor 6:7; Rv 17:7. Simply διὰ τί; (Hyperid. 3, 23) Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. Also διατί (always in t.r. and often by Tdf.; TestJob 46:2) B 8:4, 6; Hm 2:5; Hs 5, 5, 5. Kvan Leeuwen Boomkamp, Τι et Διατι dans les évangiles: RevÉtGr 39, 1926, 327–31.—In real and supposed answers and inferences διὰ τοῦτο therefore (X., An. 1, 7, 3; 7, 19; oft. LXX; JosAs 7:7; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 44, 5 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac.) Mt 6:25; 12:27, 31; 13:13, 52; 14:2; 18:23; 21:43; 23:13 v.l.; 24:44; Mk 11:24; 12:24; Lk 11:19 al. Also διὰ ταῦτα (Epict.) Eph 5:6. διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that J 5:16, 18; 8:47; 10:17; 12:18, 39; 15:19; 1J 3:1. διὰ τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, (in order) that (Lucian, Abdic. 1) J 1:31; 2 Cor 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. Also διὰ τοῦτο ὅπως Hb 9:15.
    ⓒ διά foll. by inf. or acc. w. inf., representing a causal clause, because (Gen 39:9; Dt 1:36; 1 Macc 6:53; GrBar 8:4; Demetr.: 722 fgm 1:1 al.) διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος because it had no depth Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f (διὰ τὸ μή w. inf.: X., Mem. 1, 3, 5; Hero Alex. I 348, 7; III 274, 19; Lucian, Hermot. 31); because lawlessness increases Mt 24:12; διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου Δ.. Lk 2:4; because it was built well 6:48 al. διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων because it was said by some Lk 9:7 (for the constr. cp. Herodian 7, 12, 7 διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐξόδους ὑπὸ τ. πυρὸς προκατειλῆφθαι=because the exit-routes were blocked by the fire).
    ⓓ instead of διά w. gen. to denote the efficient cause we may have διά, by
    α. w. acc. of thing (schol. on Pind., N. 4, 79a; 2 Macc 12:11; EpArist 77) διὰ τὸ αἷμα by the blood Rv 12:11. διὰ τὰ σημεῖα by the miracles 13:14.
    β. w. acc. of pers. and freq. as expr. of favorable divine action (Aristoph., Plut. 468; Dionys. Hal. 8, 33, 3, 1579 μέγας διὰ τ. θεούς ἐγενόμην; Ael. Aristid. 24, 1 K.=44 p. 824 D.: διʼ οὓς [= θεούς] ἐσώθην; SIG 1122; OGI 458, 40; PGM 13, 579 διῳκονομήθη τ. πάντα διὰ σέ; EpArist 292; Sir 15:11; 3 Macc 6:36: other exx. in SEitrem and AFridrichsen, E. christl. Amulett auf Pap. 1921, 24). ζῶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα J 6:57 (cp. PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Isis σὺ κυρεῖς τὰ πάντα, διὰ σὲ δʼ εἰσορῶ φαός ‘you are responsible for everything and thanks to you I can see light’). διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα by the one who subjected it Ro 8:20.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διά

  • 5 τρίβω

    τρίβω [ῑ], Hes.Op. 251, etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.
    A

    τρίβεσκον A.R.2.480

    : [tense] fut.

    τρίψω S.Fr. 483

    , ([etym.] ἀπο-) Od.17.232: [tense] aor.

    ἔτριψα Pherecr.181

    ; inf.

    τρῖψαι Od.9.333

    , etc.: [tense] pf.

    τέτρῐφα M.Ant.9.10

    , ([etym.] συν-) Eub.62:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. τρίψομαι ([etym.] προς-) Antipho 4.2.8: [tense] aor.

    ἐτριψάμην Call.Lav.Pall.25

    , A.D. Synt.210.26:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    τριφθήσομαι App.BC4.65

    , etc.;

    τρῐβήσομαι Plu. Dio25

    , ([etym.] ἐκ-) S.OT 428, ([etym.] κατα-) X.HG5.4.60; also τετρίψομαι ([etym.] ἐπι-) Ar. Pax 246; [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, Th.6.18, 7.42: [tense] aor.

    ἐτρίφθην Id.2.77

    , Hp.Epid.5.6, Antiph. 102; ([etym.] δια-) D.19.164: more freq. [tense] aor. 2 ἐτρίβην [pron. full] [ῐ] Arist.Pr. 893b40; ([etym.] δι-) Th.1.125; ([etym.] ἐκ-) Hdt.7.120; ([etym.] ἐπ-) freq. in Ar., Th. 557, al.; ([etym.] κατ-) Pl.Lg. 678d; ([etym.] συν-) Ar. Pax 71, etc.: [tense] pf.

    τέτριμμαι Pl.Phd. 116d

    ; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

    τετρίφᾰται Hdt.2.93

    . [[pron. full] ῐ only in [tense] pf. [voice] Act. and [voice] Pass., and [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Pass.]:—rub, τριβέμεναι κρῖ, i. e. thresh, thresh it out, because this was done by trampling under the feet of oxen, Il.20.496; μοχλὸν τρῖψαι ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ work round the stake in his eye, Od.9.333; χρυσὸν -όμενον βασάνῳ rubbed on a touchstone, so as to test its purity, Thgn.450; τ. τὸ σκέλος rub the leg, Pl.Phd. 60b;

    τὰς τῆς ψώρας ἰάσεις τῷ τρίβειν Id.Phlb. 46a

    ;

    τὸν ὀφθαλμόν Arist.Pr. 957a38

    ; ἀμφορέως τὸν πύνδακα ib. 938a14; τ. τὴν κεφαλήν, in sign of perplexity, Aeschin.2.49;

    ταῖς χερσὶ [τὰς τρίχας] τ. X.Eq.5.5

    ;

    τὸν πόδα μύροις τ. Eub.108

     (hex.); of a masseur, Gal.6.151, 187; in blood-letting, Id.15.784:—[voice] Med., χρηστηρίοις ἐν τοῖσδε.. τρίβεσθαι μύσος rub one's pollution upon the shrines, pollute them with it, A.Eu. 195:—[voice] Pass.,

    τετριμμένοι τὰ ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ τῶν κεφαλέων Hdt.2.93

    ; ὕλη τριφθεῖσα ὑπ' ἀνέμων πρὸς αὑτήν, so as to catch fire, Th.2.77;

    ὀδόντες τριβόμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους Arist. PA 661b22

    .
    2 bruise, pound, knead, κεδρίδας, [κώνειον], Ar. Th. 486, Pl.Phd. 117b;

    ἑλλεβόρου ἅμαξαν Id.Euthd. 299b

    ;

    ποίαν IG 42(1).122.121

     (Epid., iv B. C.); καταπλαυτόν, [μάζας], Ar.Pl. 717, Pax 8,16; κάρυα καὶ ἀμύγδαλα εἰς θυείαν τ. Chrysipp. Tyan. ap. Ath.14.648a, cf. Sor.1.62,

    τὸ μέλαν

     grind,

    D.18.258

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    θυμιήματα τετριμμένα Hdt.2.86

    ;

    ἄρτοι σφόδρα τετριμμένοι Arist.Pr. 929a17

    , cf. b8;

    μηδὲν τετριμμένον, ἀλλὰ τεθλας μένων ὁ χυλός Diocl.Fr.138

    .
    3 crush,

    βότρυν Arist.Fr. 571

    .
    II wear out clothes (cf. τρίβων (A)),

    τῶν ὑποδημάτων τὰ τριβόμενα Plu.2.680a

    ;

    τελαμῶνες μὴ λίαν τετριμμένοι Sor.1.83

    ; of a road, wear or tread it smooth, ἀτραπὸς τετριμμένη ἡ διὰ θυείας, with a play on pounding in a mortar, Ar.Ra. 123;

    τὴν τετρ. ὥσπερ ὁδὸν ἐπὶ τὸν μακάριον βίον Phld.Rh.1.260

     S.; τρίβει οὐρανόν goes his way through heaven (cf. τρίβος), Arat.231; τ. κύματα, of a ship, AP9.34 (Antiphil.);

    πόδας τρίβειν Theoc.7.123

    .
    2 of Time, wear away, spend,

    δυστυχῆ τ. βίον S.El. 602

    ;

    νησιώτην τ. βίον E.Heracl.84

    ;

    γεωργὸν βίον τ. Ar. Pax 589

     (lyr.);

    ὀδυνηρότερον τρίψεις βίοτον Id.Pl. 526

     (anap.); τ. πόλεμον prolong a war, Plb.2.63.4: abs., waste time, tarry, A.Ag. 1056, D.23.173 vulg. (διατρ. cod. S):—[voice] Pass.,

    ἐν τούτοις τρίβεται χρόνος ἐνίοτε μακρός Gal.16.578

    ; ἀμφισβήτησις.. τρειβομένη πολλῶν ἐτῶν prolonged, OGI502.3 (Aezani, ii A. D.).
    3 waste or ravage a country, E.Hec. 1142.
    III of persons, wear out,

    σκολιῇσι δίκῃσι ἀλλήλους τρίβουσι Hes.Op. 251

    ; τρίβεσθαι κακοῖσι to be worn out by ills, Il.23.735;

    ἄλλην γενεὰν τρίβειν θανάτοις A.Ag. 1573

     (anap.); τ. ἀμφοτέρους wear them both out, Th.8.56, cf. 7.48, Plu.Caes.40:—[voice] Med., τρίψεσθαι αὐτὴν περὶ αὑτήν wear itself out by internal struggles, Th.6.18, cf. 7.42:—[voice] Pass.,

    τριβόμενος λεώς

     oppressed,

    Hdt. 2.124

    ;

    πολέμιοι τριφθησόμενοι ἐν σφίσιν App.

     l. c.; τρίβεσθαι μάτην τερὶ ( ἐπὶ codd.)

    τὴν δίωξιν Plu.Pomp.41

    .
    3 use constantly,

    κατώμοσα.. μὴ πολὺν χρόνον θεοὺς ἔτι σκῆπτρα τἀμὰ τρίψειν Ar.Av. 636

     (lyr.);

    κοινὰ ὀνόματα καὶ τετριμμένα D.H.Comp. 25

    ;

    ἡ τετρ. καὶ κοινὴ διάλεκτος Id.Th.23

    ;

    τετρ. σχηματισμός

     in common use,

    A.D.Pron.115.16

    , cf. S.E.M.1.229.
    4 [voice] Pass., to be much busied or engrossed with a thing,

    πολέμῳ Hdt.3.134

    ; ἀμφ' ἀρετῇ τ. practise oneself in, use oneself to it, Thgn.465;

    τρίβεσθαι περὶ τοὺς δυνατούς Philostr.VA4.41

    : esp. in [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass. τετριμμένος, practised, expert,

    ἔμπειροι καὶ τ. Phld.Rh.2.281

     S.;

    οἱ ἐν ποήμασι τ. Id.Po.5.21

    ; τ. ἀκοή a trained, expert ear, ib.24;

    πολεμικὸς καὶ τετρ. δι' ὅπλων Plu.Eum.11

    ;

    ἀνὴρ φιλοπόνως ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων τετρ. Gal.15.585

    , cf. 623.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τρίβω

  • 6 γίνομαι

    γίνομαι (in the form γίγνομαι [s. below] Hom.+; as γίν. since Aristot.+; and s. Kühner-Bl. II p. 391; Schwyzer I 215; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 126; Mayser p. 165 and lit. there). Impf. ἐγινόμην; fut. γενήσομαι; 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, 3 sg. opt. γένοιτο; very rare v.l. (B-D-F §81, 3) γενάμενος (GJs 6:1; 16;1; 25:1 [s. deStrycker 249]; also found in Ps.-Callisth. 1, 20, 1; 1, 41, 11; ApcEsdr 1:3 p. 24, 7 Tdf.; Mel., P. 49, 346 [Bodm.]). Pass.: fut. ptc. τῶν γενηθησομένων (Eccl 1:11 v.l.); 1 aor. ἐγενήθην (Doric, H. Gk.; Phryn. 108 Lob.; pap fr. III B.C., Mayser I/22 ’38, 157f [w. lit.]; ins [Schweizer 181; Nachmanson 168; Thieme 13]; LXX), impv. γενηθήτω; pf. γεγένημαι (Meisterhans3-Schw.: Att. ins since 376 B.C.; Mayser 391) uncontested use in NT only J 2:9; GJs 24:3 (γεγένν-pap); apolog. On pf. γέγονα s. Meisterhans3-Schw.: since 464 B.C.; Mayser 372; on the aoristic use of γέγονα s. Mlt. 145f; 238; 239; PChantraine, Histoire du parfait grec 1927, 233–45; 3 pl. γέγοναν Ro 16:7 (v.l. γεγόνασιν) and Rv 21:6; s. KBuresch, Γέγοναν: RhM 46, 1891, 193ff; Mlt. 52 n.; ptc. γεγονώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἐγεγόνει (1 Macc. 4:27; 2 Macc. 13:17; J 6:17; Just.), without augment γεγόνει (Ac 4:22; v.l. ἐγεγόνει), s. B-D-F §78; Mlt-H. 190. On the variation γίνομαι and γίγνομαι s. W-S. §5, 31; B-D-F §34, 4; Mlt-H. 108. A verb with numerous nuances relating to being and manner of being. Its contrast to the more static term εἰμί can be seen in Kaibel 595, 5 οὐκ ἤμην καὶ ἐγενόμην=I was not and then I came to be (cp. Ath. 4, 2 in 3 below).
    ① to come into being through process of birth or natural production, be born, be produced (SIG 1168, 6; Epict. 2, 17, 8; Wsd 7:3; Sir 44:9; Just., A I, 13, 3; Tat. 26, 2) J 8:58; w. ἔκ τινος foll. (Diod S 3, 64, 1; Appian, Basil. 5 §1; Parthenius 1, 4; Athen. 13, 37 p. 576c ἐξ ἑταίρας; PPetr III, 2, 20; PFlor 382, 38 ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ γενόμενος υἱός; 1 Esdr 4:16; Tob 8:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 216) Ro 1:3; Gal 4:4 (cp. 1QS 11:21). Also of plants 1 Cor 15:37. Of fruits ἔκ τινος be produced by a tree Mt 21:19 (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 13 ὁ ἐκ τ. χώρας γιγνόμενος σῖτος). W. ἀπό τινος foll. Ox 1081 (SJCh), 11 γε̣[ινόμε]νον, 14 γέγ[ονος], 14f γε[ι]νομεν[ον], 19 γέγονος.
    ② to come into existence, be made, be created, be manufactured, be performed
    ⓐ gener. ὸ̔ γέγονεν J 1:3c (s. ref. to Vawter, below); w. διά τινος vs. 3a (MTeschendorf, D. Schöpfungsged. im NT: StKr 104, ’32, 337–72). W. χωρίς τινος vs. 3b (IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 15 [103 A.D.] Ἐμοῦ δὲ χωρὶς γείνετʼ οὐδὲν πώποτε; Cleanthes, Hymn to Zeus 15 [Stoic. I 537=Coll. Alex. no. 1 p. 227] οὐδέ τι γίγνεται ἔργον σοῦ δίχα; note the related style 1QH 1:20; on the syntax of J 1:3f see BVawter, CBQ 25, ’63, 401–6, who favors a full stop after οὐδὲ ἕν, s. εἷς 2b and lit. cited there on J 1:3). W. ἔκ τινος Hb 11:3. Of cult images διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι made w. hands Ac 19:26 (cp. PRyl 231, 3 [40 A.D.] τοὺς ἄρτους γενέσθαι). Of miracles: be done, take place (Tob 11:15; Wsd 19:13 v.l. Swete) Mt 11:20f, 23; Lk 10:13; Ac 8:13. ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο on whom this miracle had been performed 4:22. W. mention of the author διά τινος (cp. 4 Macc 17:11) 2:43; 4:16, 30; 12:9; 24:2. διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Mk 6:2; Ac 14:3. ὑπό τινος (Herodian 8, 4, 2; OGI 168, 46 [115 B.C.] τὰ γεγονότα ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς φιλάνθρωπα; UPZ III, 3, 7 [116 B.C.]; PTebt 786, 14 [II B.C.]; Wsd 9:2; Jos., Ant. 8, 111; 347; Just., D. 35, 8 τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ [Jesus] καὶ νῦν γινομένων δυνάμεων) Lk 9:7 v.l.; 13:17; 23:8; Eph 5:12. Of commands, instructions be fulfilled, performed γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου thy will be done (Appian, Liby. 90 §423 τὸ πρόσταγμα δεῖ γενέσθαι; Syntipas p. 25, 3 γενέσθω τὸ αἴτημα) Mt 6:10; 26:42; Lk 11:2; cp. 22:42. γέγονεν ὸ̔ ἐπέταξας your order has been carried out 14:22. γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν that their demand should be granted 23:24. Of institutions: be established, the Sabbath for the sake of humans Mk 2:27 (Crates, Ep. 24 οὐ γεγόνασιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τ. ἵππων χάριν, ἀλλʼ οἱ ἵπποι τ. ἀνθρώπων).
    ⓑ w. mention of the special nature of an undertaking: ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί in order to have such action taken in my case 1 Cor 9:15. ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται; what will be done when it (the wood) is dry? Lk 23:31.
    ③ come into being as an event or phenomenon from a point of origin, arise, come about, develop (Alcaeus 23 Diehl2 [320 L-P.] καί κʼ οὐδὲν ἐκ δένος γένοιτο=nothing could originate from nothing; Ath. 4:2 τὸ ὸ̓ν οὐ γίνεται ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ ὸ̓ν)
    ⓐ of events or phenomena in nature (Sir 40:10; Ex 10:22; Job 40:23; Jos., Ant. 9, 36): lightning, thunder (X., An. 3, 1, 11) J 12:29; Rv 8:5; 11:19; calm (on the sea) Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; Lk 8:24; storm Mk 4:37; a cloud (cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 36) 9:7; Lk 9:34; Hv 4, 3, 7; flood Lk 6:48; earthquake (Parian Marbles [III B.C.]=FGrH: 239B, 24) Mt 8:24; 28:2; Ac 16:26; Rv 6:12; 11:13; 16:18; darkness Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 23:44; J 6:17; hail, fire Rv 8:7. Of a dawning day ὅτε δὲ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο (cp. περὶ ἀρχομένην ἡμέραν ‘about dawn’ Jos., Vi 15: in a related story of shipwreck) Ac 27:39.
    ⓑ of other occurrences (Arrian, Anab. 4, 4, 3 τὰ ἱερὰ οὐκ ἐγίγνετο=the sacrifice did not turn out [favorably]; 1 Macc 1:25; 4:58; 9:27; 13:44; Jdth 7:29; 14:19 al.): complaining Ac 6:1; persecution, oppression Mt 13:21; 24:21; Mk 4:17; 13:19; Ac 11:19; discussion J 3:25; Ac 15:7; tumult Mt 26:5; 27:24; GJs 21:1 and 25:1; a sound Ac 2:2, 6; weeping 20:37; clamor 23:9; Mt 25:6; AcPl Ha 4, 6; famine Lk 4:25; 15:14; Ac 11:28; ὁρμή (q.v.) 14:5; war Rv 12:7; sharp contention Ac 15:39; tear (in a garment) Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21; Lk 6:49; silence (s. σιγή) Ac 21:40; Rv 8:1; στάσις (q.v. 2) Lk 23:19; Ac 15:2; 23:7, 10; concourse 21:30; confusion 19:23; shout, loud voice 2:6; 19:34; Rv 11:15; dispute Lk 22:24; envy, strife 1 Ti 6:4; astonishment AcPl Ha 4, 25; joy 6, 3; prayer 6, 7; offering 6, 37.
    ⓒ of the various divisions of a day (Jdth 13:1; 1 Macc 5:30; 4 Macc 3:8 al.) γενομένης ἡμέρας when day came (Jos., Ant. 10, 202, Vi. 405) Lk 4:42; Ac 12:18; 16:35; 23:12; cp. Lk 6:13; 22:66; Ac 27:29, 33, 39. Difft. Mk 6:21 γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου when a convenient/opportune day arrived. ὀψέ (cp. Gen 29:25; 1 Km 25:37) 11:19. ὀψίας γενομένης Mt 8:16; 14:15, 23; 16:2; 26:20; 27:57; Mk 1:32; 6:47; 14:17; 15:42; cp. J 6:16. πρωί̈ας Mt 27:1; J 21:4. νύξ Ac 27:27. ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης when it had grown late Mk 6:35; cp. 15:33; Lk 22:14; Ac 26:4.
    ④ to occur as process or result, happen, turn out, take place (Dicaearch., Fgm. 102 W.: a campaign ‘takes place’; Diod S 32 Fgm. 9c τὰς εἰς τ. πατέρα γεγενημένας ἁμαρτίας=the misdeeds ‘perpetrated’ against his father; 2 Macc 1:32; 13:17; 3 Macc 1:11; 4:12; 5:17 al.)
    ⓐ gener. τοῦτο ὅλον γέγονεν all this took place w. ἵνα foll. Mt 1:22; 26:56. ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται until all has taken place (=is past) 5:18. πάντα τὰ γενόμενα everything that had happened (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 121 §508 τὰ γενόμενα; 1 Esdr 1:10; Jdth 15:1; 1 Macc 4:20; 2 Macc 10:21; 3 Macc 1:17) 18:31; cp. 21:21; 24:6, 20, 34; 26:54; 27:54; 28:11; Mk 5:14. ἴδωμεν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τὸ γεγονός let us see this thing that has taken place Lk 2:15 (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 15 [Stone p. 40]) θανάτου γενομένου since a death has occurred, i.e. since he has died Hb 9:15. τούτου γενομένου after this had happened (Jos., Ant. 9, 56; 129) Ac 28:9. τὸ γεγονός what had happened (Diod S 12, 49, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 18 §496; Jos., Ant. 14, 292) Lk 8:34; 24:12. τὰ γεγονότα AcPl Ha 11, 1.—μὴ γένοιτο strong negation, in Paul only after rhet. questions (cp. TestJob 38:1; JosAs 25:8; Epict., index p. 540e; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 1, 2, Dial. Meretr. 13, 4; Achilles Tat. 5, 18, 4; Aristaen., Ep. 1, 27) by no means, far from it, God forbid (Goodsp., Probs., 88; AMalherbe, HTR 73, ’80, 231–41) Lk 20:16; Ro 3:4, 6, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7, 13; 9:14; 11:1, 11; 1 Cor 6:15; Gal 2:17; 3:21. In more extensive phrasing (the LXX has exx. only of this usage: Gen 44:17; 3 Km 20:3 al.; cp. Josh 22:29; Demosth. 10, 27; Alciphron 2, 5, 3 al.; Ael. Aristid. 23, 80 K.=42 p. 795 D.; 30 p. 578 D.; 54 p. 679 ὸ̔ μὴ γένοιτο) Gal 6:14; w. ἵνα foll. AcPl Ha 7, 40. τί γέγονεν ὅτι (cp. Eccl 7:10) why is it that J 14:22.—Of festivals: be held, take place, come (X., Hell. 7, 4, 28 τὰ Ὀλύμπια; 4, 5, 1; 4 Km 23:22f; 2 Macc 6:7) feast of dedication J 10:22; passover Mt 26:2; sabbath Mk 6:2; wedding J 2:1.—Abs. impv. (put twice for emphasis as Lucian, Pisc. 1 βάλλε, βάλλε; Philostrat., Ep. 35, 1 λάβε λάβε; Procop. Soph., Ep. 45) γενηθήτω γενηθήτω so let it be as a closing formula 1 Cor 16:24 v.l. (cp. Herodas 4, 85, where the sacristan closes his prayer to Asclepius with the words: ὧδε ταῦτʼ εἴη=so may it be).—On γένοιτο ἀμήν GJs 6:2 s. ἀμήν 1a.
    ⓑ w. dat. of pers. affected
    α. w. inf. foll. (UPZ 24, 29 al.; 1 Macc 13:5; Jos., Ant. 6, 232) ὅπως μὴ γένηται αὐτῷ χρονοτριβῆσαι so that he would not have to lose time Ac 20:16.
    β. w. adv. or adv. phrase added (1 Esdr 6:33) κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν γενηθήτω ὑμῖν according to your faith let it be done to you, i.e. you believe, and you won’t be disappointed Mt 9:29; cp. 8:13. γένοιτό μοι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου may that happen to me as you have said Lk 1:38. πῶς ἐγένετο τῷ δαιμονιζομένῳ what had happened to the possessed man Mk 5:16. ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται that it may be well w. you Eph 6:3 (Dt 5:16; cp. Epict. 2, 5, 29 εὖ σοι γένοιτο; Aelian, VH 9, 36). γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done for you as you desire, i.e. your wish is granted Mt 15:28.
    γ. w. nom. of thing (1 Macc 4:25; Sir 51:17; Ar. 15:5) γίνεταί τινί τι someth. happens to or befalls a person Mk 9:21. ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν σοί τι γένηται lest someth. worse come upon you J 5:14. τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ what has happened to him Ac 7:40 (Ex 32:1, 23; AcPl Ha 5, 20). τὸ γεγενημένον αὐτῷ Ac 3:10 D. ἐγίνετο πάσῃ ψυχῄ φόβος fear came upon everyone (cp. Tob 11:18) 2:43. λύπη AcPl Ha 6, 16. Freq. γέγονε ἐμοί τι someth. has come to me= I have someth.: πώρωσις τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν a hardening (of heart) has befallen Israel Ro 11:25; σωτηρία τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γεγένηται GJs 19:2; cp. Lk 19:9; διὰ τὴν ὀπτασίαν τὴν γενομένην Παύλῳ AcPl Ha 3, 15; ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ ἑκατὸν πρόβατα if a man has a hundred sheep Mt 18:12. τοῖς ἔξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται those outside receive everything in parables Mk 4:11. μήποτε γένηται ἀνταπόδομά σοι that you may receive no repayment Lk 14:12; cp. 19:9; J 15:7; 1 Cor 4:5.
    ⓒ w. gen. of pers. (Diod S 16, 64, 2 τὸν τῆς Ἑλένης γεγενημένον ὅρμον=the necklace that had belonged to Helen): ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν the kingdom of the world has come into the possession of our Lord Rv 11:15.
    ⓓ γίνεταί τι ἐπί τινι someth. happens in the case of or to a person Mk 5:33 v.l.; ἐν v.l. This can also be expressed w. εἴς τινα Ac 28:6 or the double nom. τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο what had become of Peter 12:18 (cp. Jos., Vi. 296 οἱ εἴκοσι χρυσοῖ τὶ γεγόνασιν).
    ⓔ w. inf. foll., to emphasize the actual occurrence of the action denoted by the verb: ἐὰν γένηται εὑρεῖν αὐτό if it comes about that he finds it= if he actually finds it Mt 18:13 (s. PCatt V, 19f [=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 V] ἐὰν γένηταί με ἀποδημεῖν; PAmh 135, 10; BGU 970, 5). ἐγένετο αὐτὸν παραπορεύεσθαι he happened to be passing Mk 2:23; cp. Lk 6:1, 6. ἐγένετο ἀνεῳχθῆναι τὸν οὐρανόν just then the heaven opened Lk 3:21; cp. 16:22 (ἐν τῷ ἀποθανεῖν P75); Ac 4:5; 9:3, 32, 37, 43; 11:26; 14:1; 16:16; 19:1; 21:1, 5; 22:6, 17; 27:44; 28:8 (UPZ 62, 29 [161 B.C.] γίνεται γὰρ ἐντραπῆναι).
    ⓕ καὶ ἐγένετο (ἐγένετο δέ) periphrastic like וַיְהִי with וַ foll. to indicate the progress of the narrative; it is followed either by a conjunction like ὅτε, ὡς etc., or a gen. abs., or a prepositional constr., and joined to it is a finite verb w. καί (Jdth 5:22; 10:1; Sus 19 Theod.; 1 Macc 1:1; 5:1; Gen 39:7, 13, 19; 42:35; JosAs 11:1; 22:1; AscIs 3:2) Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15 v.l.; Lk 2:15; 5:1, 12, 17; 8:1, 22; 14:1.—Without the second καί (Jdth 2:4; 12:10; 13:12; 1 Macc 6:8; 7:2 v.l.; 9:23; Sus 28 Theod.; Bel 18 Theod.; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 1 [Stone p. 58] and 6 p. 109, 27 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 31:1; JosAs 1:1; 3:1) Mt 7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 19:1; 26:1; Mk 1:9; 4:4; Lk 1:8, 23, 41, 59; 2:1, 6, 46; 6:12 al. At times it is followed by an inf. The phrase is usually omitted in translation; older versions transl. it came to pass.—Mlt. 16f; MJohannessohn, Das bibl. καὶ ἐγένετο u. s. Geschichte: ZVS 53, 1926, 161–212 (LXX); s. MDibelius, Gnomon 3, 1927, 446–50; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évangiles 1927, 189–99; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 29–62; JReiling, BT 16, ’65, 153–63; EDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65.
    ⑤ to experience a change in nature and so indicate entry into a new condition, become someth.
    ⓐ w. nouns (Lamellae Aur. Orphicae ed. AOlivieri 1915, p. 16, 5 θεὸς ἐγένου ἐξ ἀνθρώπου [IV/III]; Arrian, Anab. 5, 26, 5; Sir 51:2; 1 Esdr 4:26; Wsd 8:2; 4 Macc 16:6; En 103:11; Tat. 19, 2 τοῦ θανάτου καταφρονηταὶ γίνεσθε): ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν that you may become sons of your father Mt 5:45; ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων I will turn you into fishers of people Mk 1:17; a traitor Lk 6:16; friends 23:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 121); children of God J 1:12; children of light 12:36; a Christian Ac 26:29; apostle AcPlCor 2:4; a father Ro 4:18; a fool 1 Cor 3:18; a spectacle 4:9; a man, an adult 13:11 (Tob 1:9); a curse Gal 3:13. οὐχ ἑαυτὸν ἐδόξασεν γενηθῆναι ἀρχιερέα he did not exalt himself to be made high priest Hb 5:5; ἐγένετο ἀντὶ αὐτοῦ Σαμουήλ Samuel became (high priest) in his place GJs 10:2. W. double nom. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 3, 15 δράκων λίθος ἐγένετο; Quint. Smyrn. 12, 507; Bel 28; 4 Macc 18:7) οἱ λίθοι ἄρτοι γίνονται the stones turn into loaves Mt 4:3. τὸ αἵμα αὐτοῦ λίθον γεγενημένον GJs 24:3. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (the reverse PBerl 13044, col. III, 28ff [UWilcken, SBBerlAk 1923, 161f] τί ποιῶν ἄν τις γένοιτο θεός;). τὸ ὕδωρ γενήσεται πηγή 4:14. ἡ περιτομὴ ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν Ro 2:25. ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ διάκονος I became a courier Col 1:23 (cp. Herodian 2, 6, 8 ἀνὴρ ἔπαρχος γενόμενος).—Also γ. εἴς τι (Menand., Peric. 49f Kö. [169f S.] τὸ κακὸν εἰς ἀγαθὸν ῥέπει γινόμενον; 1 Km 4:9; Jdth 5:18; 1 Macc 2:11, 43; 3:58; En 19:2 al.; B-D-F §145, 1): ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον it became a tree Lk 13:19; εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (all in ref. to Ps 117:22); εἰς χαρὰν γ. change (or, turn) into joy J 16:20. εἰς οὐδέν come to nothing Ac 5:36. εἰς παγίδα Ro 11:9 (Ps 68:23); εἰς κενὸν γ. be done in vain 1 Th 3:5. εἰς ἄψινθον Rv 8:11. Cp. AcPl Ha 6, 6. Also w. γίνεσθαι omitted: εἰς κατάκριμα (sc. ἐγένετο τὸ κρίμα) Ro 5:18.
    ⓑ used w. an adj. to paraphrase the passive (Jdth 11:11; 1 Esdr 7:3; 2 Macc 3:34; Sus 64 Theod.; En 103:9; Ath. 37, 1 πάντων ὑποχειρίων γιγνομένων): ἁπαλὸν γ. become tender Mt 24:32; Mk 13:28; ἀπειθῆ γ. Ac 26:19; ἀποσυνάγωγον γ. be expelled fr. the synagogue J 12:42; ἄφαντον γ. disappear Lk 24:31; σκωληκόβρωτον γ. be eaten by worms Ac 12:23; γνωστόν, φανερὸν γ. become known (Just., A I, 63, 6) Mk 6:14; Ac 1:19; 9:42; 19:17; 1 Cor 3:13; 14:25; Phil 1:13; δόκιμον γ. pass the test Js 1:12; ἑδραῖον γ. 1 Cor 15:58; ἔκδηλον γ. 2 Ti 3:9; AcPlCor 1:16; ἔξυπνον γ. Ac 16:27 (1 Esdr 3:3=Jos., Ant. 11:34); s. ἀπόπληκτος, ἐλεύθερος, ἐμφανής, ἔμφοβος, ἐνεργής, ἔντρομος, καθαρός, μέγας, περιδάκρυτος, περικρατής, πλήρης, πρηνής, τυφλός, ὑγιής, ὑπήκοος, ὑπόδικος, φανερός 1.
    ⓒ w. ἐν of a state of being (Stoic. III 221, 16; Diod S 20, 62, 4 ἐν ἀνέσει γ.; Plut., Tit. Flam. 378 [16, 1] ἐν ὀργῇ γ.; Lucian, Tim. 28; PPetr II, 20; III, 12 [252 B.C.] ἐν ἐπισχέσει γ.; BGU 5 II, 19 ἐν νόσῳ; POxy 471 IV, 77f; 4 Km 9:20; 1 Macc 1:27 v.l.; Sus 8 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 1, 320, Ant. 16, 372; Mel., P. 18 ἐν πόνοις … ἐν πληγαῖς etc.) ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ Lk 22:44. ἐν ἐκστάσει Ac 22:17. ἐν πνεύματι under the Spirit’s influence Rv 1:10; 4:2; AcPl Ha 6, 28. ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων be like human beings Phil 2:7. ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ, φόβῳ, τρόμῳ 1 Cor 2:3. ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:7. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γ. come to one’s senses (Soph., Phil. 950; X., An. 1, 5, 17; Polyb. 1, 49, 8; Chariton 3, 9, 11) Ac 12:11; γ. ἐν Χριστῷ be a Christian Ro 16:7. Cp. 7 below.
    ⑥ to make a change of location in space, move
    ⓐ εἴς τι (Hdt. 5, 87 al.; Philo, Op. M. 86; 2 Macc 1:13; also ἐν: Just., A II, 9, 3 ἐγενόμεθα ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ τόπω): εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα γ. (Jos., Ant. 10, 42) Ac 20:16; 21:17; 25:15. εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν Hv 3, 1, 4. Of a voice: ἐγένετο εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου reached my ear Lk 1:44. Fig. (cp. Bar 4:28) of Abraham’s blessing εἰς τὰ ἔθνη come to the Gentiles Gal 3:14; cp. 2 Cor 8:14 (s. περίσσευμα 1, ὑστέρημα 1).
    ⓑ ἔκ τινος (Job 28:2): γ. ἐκ μέσου be removed, Lat. e medio tolli (cp. Ps.-Aeschin., Ep. 12, 6 ἐκ μέσου γενομένων ἐκείνων; Plut., Timol. 238 [5, 3]; Achilles Tat. 2, 27, 2) 2 Th 2:7 (HFulford, ET 23, 1912, 40f: ‘leave the scene’). Of a voice fr. heaven: ἐκ τ. οὐρανῶν γ. sound forth fr. heaven (2 Macc 2:21; cp. Da 4:31 Theod.) Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; 9:35; cp. vs. 36.
    ⓒ ἐπί τι: ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον go to the tomb Lk 24:22; ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀναβαθμούς when he was at the steps Ac 21:35. Of fear that befalls someone (2 Macc 12:22) Lk 1:65; 4:36; Ac 5:5. Of ulcers: break out on someone Rv 16:2 (Ex 9:10f). Of divine commands: go out to someone Lk 3:2. ἐπί is somet. used w. the gen. (Appian, Liby. 93 §440; Alex. Aphr., Mixt. II 2 p. 213, 21) instead of the acc.: γενόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου when he had arrived at the place 22:40 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 327, 18 ἐπὶ τ. τόπων γινόμενος).—J 6:21.
    ⓓ w. κατά and gen. of place: τὸ γενόμενον ῥῆμα καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας the message that has spread throughout all Judea Ac 10:37. W. acc. of place (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 15; Apollon. Paradox. 3 κατὰ τόπους γ.; Jos., Ant. I, 174; cp. 2 Macc 9:8): γενόμενος κατὰ τὸν τόπον Lk 10:32; γενόμενοι κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον Ac 27:7.
    ⓔ w. πρός and acc. of the direction and goal (PLond III, 962, 1 p. 210 [III A.D.] γενοῦ πρὸς Ἄταϊν τὸν ποιμένα; PFlor 180, 45) 1 Cor 2:3; 2J 12. Of divine instructions be given to someone (Gen 15:1, 4; Jer 1:2, 11; 13:8; Ezk 6:1; Hos 1:1; cp. ἐπί w. acc.) J 10:35; Ac 7:31 v.l.; 10:13; 13:32.
    ⓕ w. σύν and the dat. join someone (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 8; 2 Macc 13:13) Lk 2:13.
    ⓖ w. ἐγγύς (X., An. 1, 8, 8, Cyr. 7, 1, 7; cp. γίν. πλησίον Philo, Mos. 1, 228; Jos., Ant. 4, 40): ἐγγὺς τοῦ πλοίου γίνεσθαι come close to the boat J 6:19. Fig. of the relation of believers to Christ: come near Eph 2:13.
    ⓗ w. ὧδε come here J 6:25;
    ⓘ ἔμπροσθέν τινος γ. J 1:15, 30 s. on ἔμπροσθεν 1bζ and ὀπίσω 2b.
    ⑦ to come into a certain state or possess certain characteristics, to be, prove to be, turn out to be (on relation to the forms of εἰμί [here and in 8–10] s. ALink, StKr 69, 1896, 420ff). Used w. the nom. (Wsd 16:3; Jdth 16:21; Sir 31:22; 1 Macc 3:58) γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι be prudent Mt 10:16. ἄκαρπος γίνεται 13:22; Mk 4:19.—W. other words: vs. 22; 9:50; Lk 1:2; 2:2; 6:36 and very oft. Freq. the dat. of advantage (dat. commodi) is added (1 Macc 10:47; 2 Macc 7:37; 4 Macc 6:28; 12:17): ἀγαπητόν τινι γ. be dear to someone 1 Th 2:8. ἀπρόσκοπον γ. τινι be inoffensive to someone 1 Cor 10:32; γ. τινι μαθητήν J 15:8; μισθαποδότην γ. τινι be a rewarder of someone Hb 11:6; γ. ὁδηγόν τινι Ac 1:16. Cp. παρηγορία, σημεῖον, τύπος.—γ. ὁμοθυμαδόν come together in unanimity or reach unanimity Ac 15:25.—τὶ γίνεταί τινί τι a thing results in someth. for someone τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγ. θάνατος; Ro 7:13. ἡ ἐξουσία πρόσκομμα τοῖς ἀσθενέσιν 1 Cor 8:9.—γίνομαι ὡς, ὥσπερ, ὡσεί τις (Ps 21:15; 31:9; 37:15; 82:11; 87:5 al.) be, become, show oneself like Mt 6:16; 10:25; 18:3; 28:4; Lk 22:26, 44; 1 Cor 4:13; 9:20f; Gal 4:12. καθὼς ἐγένετο … οὕτως ἔσται as it was … so it will be Lk 17:26, 28. οὐ χρὴ ταῦτα οὕτως γίνεσθαι this should not be so Js 3:10. ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως ὑμῖν ἐγενήθημεν we proved/showed ourselves … toward you 1 Th 2:10.—In statements pert. to age (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 16 γεγονότα [sc. τὸν Πυθαγόραν] ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα; Demetr. of Phaleron [IV–III B.C.], Fgm. 153 Wehrli [’49]; Demetr: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 10, 50) ἐτῶν δώδεκα Lk 2:42; cp. 1 Ti 5:9.—Here prob. also belongs ἐγένετο γνώμης he decided Ac 20:3 (cp. Plut., Phoc. 752 [23, 4] ἐλπίδος μεγάλης γ.; Cass. Dio 61, 14 τ. ἐπιθυμίας γ.; Jos., Bell. 6, 287).
    ⑧ to be present at a given time, be there ([Ps.-]Jos., Ant. 18, 63) Mk 1:4; J 1:6, hence exist (Diod S 3, 52, 4 γέγονε γένη γυναικῶν=there have been nations of women; Appian, Maced. 18 §3 τὸ χρυσίον τὸ γιγνόμενον=the gold that was at hand; Bar 3:26; 2 Macc 10:24) Ro 11:5; 1J 2:18. ἐγένετο there lived Lk 1:5. ἔν τινι 2 Pt 2:1. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς Rv 16:18 (Da 12:1 Theod.).
    ⑨ to be closely related to someone or someth., belong to
    ⓐ gen. of the possessor (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 79 §336 a slave γεγένητο Πομπηίου=had belonged to Pompey: B-D-F §162, 7) belong to someone Lk 20:14, 33 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 83 §350 γυνὴ Κράσσου γεγενημένη=who had been the wife of [the younger] Crassus).
    ⓑ w. dat. of pers. belong to someone (PPetr II, 40b, 7 [277 B.C.]; O. Wilck II, 1530, 2f [120 B.C.] τὸ γινόμενόν μοι=what belongs to me) of a woman ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ Ro 7:3f (cp. Ruth 1:12f; Dt 24:2).
    ⓒ w. prep. μετά τινος (Josh 2:19) Ac 9:19; 20:18. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι his intimate friends Mk 16:10. πρός τινα be w. someone 1 Cor 16:10 ( make him [Timothy] feel quite at home with you Mft.) ὑπό τινα be under the authority of someone or someth. (1 Macc 10:38) Gal 4:4.
    ⓓ Here perh. belongs ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται it is not a matter of private interpretation 2 Pt 1:20.
    ⑩ to be in or at a place, be in, be there
    ⓐ ἔν τινι to designate one’s present or future place of residence (X., An. 4, 3, 29; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 4 §15 Ἀντώνιος ἐν Ἐφέσῳ γενόμενος; Aelian, VH 4, 15; Herodian 2, 2, 5; POxy 283, 11; 709, 6 ἐν Μένφει γενόμενος; PTebt 416, 3; BGU 731 II, 6 ἐν οἰκίᾳ μου; Num 11:35; Judg 17:4; 1 Ch 14:17; Jdth 5:7 al. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 18 Jac.) Mt 26:6; Mk 9:33; Ac 7:38; 13:5; 2 Ti 1:17; Rv 1:9; AcPl Ha 7, 23.
    ⓑ w. adv.: ἐκεῖ (X., An. 6, 5, 20; 3 Km 8:8 v.l.; Jos., Ant. 10, 180) Ac 19:21. κατὰ μόνας Mk 4:10.—B. 637. DELG s.v. γίγνομαι. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γίνομαι

  • 7 ἐτάζω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `examine, test' (Hdt. 3, 62 v. l., Democr. 266, Pl. Kra. 410d, LXX),
    Other forms: Aor. ἐτάσαι
    Compounds: mostly ἐξ-ετάζω, aor. ἐξετάσαι, - άξαι (Theoc.) etc. `find out, inquire exactly' (Ion.-Att.); also with prefix, e. g. ἐπ-, συν-, προ-εξετάζω; Arc. παρ-hετάζω in παρ-hεταξάμενος, παρ-ετάξωνσι `have approved' (Tegea IVa; unless from παρ-ίημι `approve', πάρ-ετος).
    Derivatives: ἔτασις, ἐτασμός `proof, test' (LXX), ἐταστής = ἐξετ. (Lampsakos). - ἐξέτασις `enquiry, test' (Att.), - σία `id.' (Astypalaea, Rom. times; cf. Schwyzer 469), ἐξετασμός `id.' (D.); ἐξεταστής `inspector, controller' (Aeschin., Arist., inscr.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1,227) with ἐξεταστήριον `inspection' (Samos IIa), ἐξεταστικός `ready for control, belonging to controll' (X., D.), Έξεταστέων PN (Bechtel Namenstud. 22).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [??] * set- `be stable'
    Etymology: Denomin. of ἐτός, only found in ἐτά ἀληθῆ, ἀγαθά H.; so prop. `verify, check the truth'. - Not certainly explained. Usually ἐτός is considered a verbal adjective of εἰμί `to be' (Schwyzer 502); ἐτός for *ἑτός (IE *s-e-tó-s), so like Germ., e. g. ONo. sannr (PGm. *sánÞa-), Skt. satyá- `true' (IE *s-ón-t-o-, resp. *s-n̥-t-i̯ó-) `existing, real'?; but this would be * h₁s-nt- or * h₁s-eto-, which would result in different forms; against it Luther "Wahrheit" und "Lüge" 51. De Lamberterie ( RPh 71 (1997)160, following Pinault, assumes a stem * set-u-; see on ἐτεός and ὅσιος.
    Page in Frisk: 1,578-579

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐτάζω

  • 8 ἔξοδος

    ἔξοδος (A), ἡ,
    A going out, opp. εἴσοδος, S.Aj. 798, 806, etc.;

    ἐκ τῆς χώρης Hdt.1.94

    ;

    ἔστι.. λήθη μνήμης ἔ. Pl.Phlb. 33e

    ;

    λήθη ἐπιστήμης ἔ. Id.Smp. 208a

    ;

    ἔ. τοῦ βίον PLond.1.77.57

     (vi A. D.).
    2 marching out, military expedition, Hdt.9.19; κοιναὶ ἔ. ib.26;

    ἔ. ποιεῖσθαι Th. 3.5

    , etc., cf. Ar.Nu. 579; τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἔ. ποιεῖσθαι, of Leonidas, Hdt.7.223;

    ἔ. ἐξελθεῖν X.HG1.2.17

    ;

    ἐξόδους ἕρπειν κενάς S.Aj. 287

    ;

    τὴν ἐπ' Ὠρεὸν ἔ. D.18.79

    ; ἔ. πεζαί ib.100 (s. v.l.).
    3 procession, Hdt.3.14; esp. of women of rank with their suite,

    ἔ. γυναικεῖαι Pl. Lg. 784d

    , cf. Thphr.Char.22.10;

    ἐξόδους λαμπρὰς ἐξιοῦσαν D.48.55

    , cf. Lex Solonisap.Plu.Sol.21.
    4 divorce, BGU1105.24 (i B.C.).
    II way out, outlet,

    διὰ τῶν στεγέων Hdt.2.148

     (pl.), cf. Th.1.106, 2.4(sg.);

    πυλῶν ἐπ' ἐξόδοις A. Th.33

    , cf. 58, 285;

    πρὸς θυρῶνος ἐξόδοις S.El. 328

    ; εἴσοδοι καὶ ἔ. entrances and exits, POxy.241.20 (i A. D.); of a river,

    ἔ. ἐς θάλασσαν Hdt.7.130

    ;

    ἡ Ἀρκαδία οὐκ ἔχει ἐξόδους τοῖς ὕδασιν εἰς θάλατταν Arist.Pr. 947a19

    .
    b esp. of the Jewish Exodus, LXXEx. tit., etc.
    2 way out of a difficulty, Pl.R. 453e.
    3 of orifices in the body, ἡ ἔ. τοῦ περιττώματος, of the vent or anus, Arist.PA 675b9;

    τῆς τροφῆς Id.HA 507a32

    , cf. 532b6; so of other orifices in the body, ib. 511a27, etc.
    4 delivery,

    ἡ τοῦ ἐμβρύου ἔ. Id.GA 777a27

    , cf. 752b12;

    πρὸς ἔξοδον ἔχειν Lyd.Ost.44

    .
    5 emission of semen, Arist.HA 586a15, al.; κοιλίης ἔξοδοι discharges from the bowel, Aret. SD2.3.
    III end, close, ἐπ' ἐξόδῳ εἶναι (of a truce) Th.5.14;

    ἐπ' ἐ. τῆς ἀρχῆς X.HG5.4.4

    ; ἐπ' ἐ. (- ου vulg.)

    τοῦ ζῆν J.AJ4.8.2

    ;

    ἔ. τοῦ βίου PLond.1.77.57

    : abs., departure, death, Ev.Luc.9.31, 2 Ep.Pet. 1.15, Arr.Epict.4.4.38.
    2 end, issue of an argument, Pl.Prt. 361a.
    b decision of a court, BGU168.15 (ii A. D.).
    3 end of a tragedy, i.e. all that follows the last choral ode, Arist.Po. 1452b21; ἔξοδον αὐλεῖν play the chorus off the stage (their exit being led by an αὐλητής), Ar.V. 582, cf.Sch.
    IV outgoing, payment of money, IG14.422 ([place name] Tauromenium), 5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B. C.), Plb.6.13.2; opp. εἴσοδος, Test.Epict.6.34: pl., D.H.10.30.
    V street, LXX 2 Ki.22.43.
    ------------------------------------
    ἔξοδος (B), ον,
    A promoting the passage,

    λίθων Aret.CD2.3

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔξοδος

  • 9 πληρόω

    πληρόω impf. 3 sg. ἐπλήρου; fut. πληρώσω; 1 aor. ἐπλήρωσα; pf. πεπλήρωκα; plpf. 3 sg. πεπληρώκει (on the omission of the augm. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190). Pass.: impf. ἐπληρούμην; 1 fut. πληρωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐπληρώθην; pf. πεπλήρωμαι; plpf. 3 sg. πεπλήρωτο (s. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190) (Aeschyl., Hdt.+).
    ① to make full, fill (full)
    ⓐ of things τὶ someth. τὴν γῆν (Orig., C. Cels. 3, 8, 29) B 6:12 (Gen 1:28; cp. Ocellus [II B.C.] c. 46 Harder [1926] τὸν πλείονα τῆς γῆς τόπον πληροῦσθαι with their descendants). Pass., of a net ἐπληρώθη Mt 13:48. πᾶσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη a ship’s sail filled out by the wind MPol 15:2.—τόπον πληρῶσαι fill a space Hs 9, 7, 5. ἐπλήρωσεν τοὺς τύπους τῶν λίθων he filled in the impressions of the stones (that had been removed) 9, 10, 2.—Also of sounds and odors (as well as light: schol. on Pla. 914b) ἦχος ἐπλήρωσεν τὸν οἶκον a sound filled the house Ac 2:2 (Diod S 11, 24, 4 αἱ οἰκίαι πένθους ἐπληροῦντο=with cries of grief). ἡ οἰκία ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς the house was filled with the fragrance J 12:3 (cp. Diod S 4, 64, 1 τὴν οἰκίαν πληρώσειν ἀτυχημάτων; Ael. Aristid. 36, 84 K.=48 p. 471 D.: ὅταν οἴκημα πληρωθῇ; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 23f [Stone p. 8] πλήρωσον τὸν οἶκον ἡμῶν [with aromatic plants]).—Also in other ways of the filling of impers. objects with real but intangible things or qualities: τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ (i.e. of the martyr Polycarp) χάριτος ἐπληροῦτο MPol 12:1 (χάρις 1 and 4). πεπληρώκατε τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῆς διδαχῆς ὑμῶν you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching Ac 5:28. ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε (aor. impv. as a rhetor. demand; vv.ll. πληρώσετε, ἐπληρώσατε) τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν of filling the measure of sins (cp. Da 8:23) Mt 23:32; cp. ἐπεὶ πεπλήρωτο ἡ ἡμετέρα ἀδικία Dg 9:2. θεὸς πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν ὑμῶν Phil 4:19 (cp. Thu. 1, 70, 7). πλ. τὴν καρδίαν τινός fill someone’s heart, i.e. take full possession of it (cp. Eccl 9:3) ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκεν ὑμῶν τ. καρδίαν J 16:6. διὰ τί ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ σατανᾶς τ. καρδίαν σοὺ; Ac 5:3 (Ad’Alès, RSR 24, ’34, 199f; 474f prefers the v.l. ἐπήρωσεν; against him LSt.-Paul Girard, Mém. de l’inst. franc. du Caire 67, ’37, 309–12). ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης πληροῖ τὰς ψυχάς Hm 11:2 (θείου πνεύματος πληρώσαντος … τὰς ψυχάς Orig., C. Cels. 3, 81, 20).—Of Christ, who passed through all the cosmic spheres ἵνα πληρώσῃ τὰ πάντα Eph 4:10 (cp. Jer 23:24; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 4 πάντα πεπλήρωκεν ὁ θεός, Vita Mos. 2, 238, Conf. Lingu. 136; Ath.8, 3 πάντα γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦτου πεπλήρωται). The mid. in the sense of the act. (B-D-F §316, 1; Rob. 805f. Cp. X., Hell. 6, 2, 14; 35 al.; Plut., Alc. 211 [35, 6]) τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου Eph 1:23 (πλήρωμα 2).
    ⓑ of persons fill w. powers, qualities, etc. τινὰ someone ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ προφητικοῦ πνεύματος πληροῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον Hm 11:9a. τινά τινος someone with someth. (OdeSol 11:2; B-D-F §172; Rob. 510) πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης Ac 2:28 (Ps 15:11). Cp. Ro 15:13 (cp. POxy 3313, 3 χαρ[ᾶ ἡμ]ᾶ ἐπλήρωσα). τινά τινι someone with someth. (B-D-F §195, 2) ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτοῦ πνεύματι Hm 11:3.—Mostly pass., in pres., impf., fut., aor. become filled or full (Scholiast on Pla. 856e of μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ); in the perf. have been filled, be full: w. gen. of thing (Diod S 20, 21, 3 τῶν βασιλείων πεπληρωμένων φόνων=when the palace was full of murderous deeds; Diog. L. 5, 42 τὸ πάσης ἀρετῆς πεπληρῶσθαι) Lk 2:40 v.l.; Ac 13:52 (Jos., Ant. 15, 421 ἐπληρώθη χαρᾶς; cp. Just., A I, 49, 5); Ro 15:14; 2 Ti 1:4; Dg 10:3; IRo ins; Ox 840, 40f.—W. dat. of thing (Aeschyl., Sept. 464 et al.; Parthenius 10, 4 ἄχει ἐπληρώθη; 2 Macc 7:21; 3 Macc 4:16; 5:30; Just., D. 7, 1 πνεύματι. Cp. BGU 1108, 12 [I B.C.]) Lk 2:40; Ro 1:29; 2 Cor 7:4; Hm 5, 2, 7; 11:9b v.l. (for πλησθεί).—W. acc. of thing (pap use the act. and pass. w. acc. of thing in the sense ‘settle in full by [paying or delivering] someth.’: PLond II, 243, 11 p. 300 [346 A.D.]; 251, 30; POxy 1133, 8; 1134, 6; PFlor 27, 3 al.; B-D-F §159, 1; Rob. 510) πεπληρωμένοι καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης Phil 1:11. Cp. Col 1:9.—W. ἐν and dat. of thing ἐν πνεύματι with the Spirit Eph 5:18. ἐν πίστει καί ἀγάπῃ ISm ins. Cp. Col 4:12 v.l., in case ἐν κτλ. here belongs to πεπληρωμένοι (s. πληροφορέω 1b); but mng. 3 also merits attention. ἐστὲ ἐν αὐτῷ πεπληρωμένοι Col 2:10 is prob. different, meaning not ‘with him’, but in him or through him.—Abs. Eph 3:19 (εἰς denotes the goal; s. πλήρωμα 3b). πεπλήρωμαι I am well supplied Phil 4:18 (cp. Diod S 14, 62, 5 πληροῦν τινα=supply someone fully).
    ② to complete a period of time, fill (up), complete (Pla., Leg. 9, 866a, Tim. 39d; Plut., Lucull. 516 [35, 8]; POxy 275, 24 [66 A.D.] μέχρι τοῦ τὸν χρόνον πληρωθῆναι; 491, 6; PTebt 374, 10; BGU 1047 III, 12 al. in pap; Gen 25:24; 29:21; Lev 8:33; 12:4; 25:30; Num 6:5; Tob 10:1; 1 Macc 3:49 al.; TestAbr B; TestJob 28:1 ἐπλήρωσα εἴκοσι ἔτη; ApcMos 13; Jos., Ant. 4, 78; 6, 49) in our lit. only pass. (Ps.-Callisth. 3, 17, 39; 41 πεπλήρωται τὰ τῆς ζωῆς ἔτη; Did., Gen. 195, 23) πεπλήρωται ὁ καιρός Mk 1:15; cp. J 7:8. χρόνος instead of καιρός Hs 6, 5, 2; cp. πληρωθέντος τοῦ χρόνου (pl.: Iren. 1, 17, 2 [Harv. I 168, 13]) when the time has elapsed 1 Cl 25:2. πεπλήρωνται αἱ ἡμέραι the days are over, have come to an end Hv 2, 2, 5. πληρωθέντων … τῶν ἡμερῶν GJs 5:2 (TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 4 [Stone p. 58]).—Ac 9:23. πεπλήρωται ὁ ὅρος τῶν ἐτῶν ending of Mk in the Freer ms. 6f. πληρωθέντων ἐτῶν τεσσερακοντα when forty years had passed Ac 7:30 (TestJud 9:2).—24:27; 1 Cl 25:5. ὡς ἐπληροῦτο αὐτῷ τεσσερακονταετὴς χρόνος when he had reached the age of 40 Ac 7:23 (PFlor 382, 6; 11 ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη ἐπλήρωσας). ἐπληρώθησαν οἱ μῆνες αὐτῆς ὡς εἶπεν ἕξ (Anna) had passed her sixth month as (the angel) said GJs 5:2 (but s. deStrycker ad loc.).
    ③ to bring to completion that which was already begun, complete, finish (X., Hell. 4, 8, 16; Herodian 1, 5, 8; Olympiodorus, Life of Plato p. 2 Westerm.: the hymn that was begun; Himerius, Or. 6 [2], 14 πληρῶσαι τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν=fully gratify the desire, in that the Persians wished to incorporate into their great empire a small piece of the west, i.e. Greece; ApcSed 13:1 τὴν μετάνοιαν) τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ bring (the preaching of) the gospel to completion by proclaiming it in the most remote areas Ro 15:19; sim. πλ. τ. λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ Col 1:25. πληρώσατέ μου τ. χαράν Phil 2:2. Cp. 2 Th 1:11.—Pass. 2 Cor 10:6; Col 4:12 v.l. (s. 1b above). ὁ πᾶς νόμος ἐν ἑνὶ λόγῳ πεπλήρωται Gal 5:14 because of its past tense is prob. to be translated the whole law has found its full expression in a single word or is summed up under one entry (s. s.v. λόγος 2a; some would put this passage under 4b). οὐχ εὕρηκά σου ἔργα πεπληρωμένα Rv 3:2. Johannine usage speaks of joy that is made complete (the act. in Phil 2:2, s. above) J 3:29; 15:11; 16:24; 17:13; 1J 1:4; 2J 12.
    ④ to bring to a designed end, fulfill a prophecy, an obligation, a promise, a law, a request, a purpose, a desire, a hope, a duty, a fate, a destiny, etc. (Pla., Gorg. 63, 507e ἐπιθυμίας [cp. TestJos 4:7 ἐπιθυμίαν]; Herodian 2, 7, 6 ὑποσχέσεις; Epict. 2, 9, 3; 8 ἐπαγγελίαν; Plut., Cic. 869 [17, 5] τὸ χρεών [=destiny]; Procop. Soph., Ep. 68 τ. ἐλπίδας; Spartan ins in BSA 12, 1905/6, p. 452 [I A.D.] τὰ εἰθισμένα; pap, LXX; Philo, Praem. 83 τὰς θείας παραινέσεις μὴ κενὰς ἀπολιπεῖν τῶν οἰκείων πράξεων, ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι τοὺς λόγους ἔργοις ἐπαινετοῖς=the divine exhortations it [God’s people] did not leave devoid of appropriate performance, but carried out the words with praiseworthy deeds; Jos., Ant. 5, 145; 14, 486).
    ⓐ of the fulfillment of divine predictions or promises. The word stands almost always in the passive be fulfilled (Polyaenus 1, 18 τοῦ λογίου πεπληρωμένου; Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31, II 2 p. 202, 21 ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ τῆς εἱμαρμένης δρᾶμα; 3 Km 2:27; TestBenj 3:8 προφητεία; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 8, 4) and refers mostly to the Tanach and its words: τοῦτο γέγονεν ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου (cp. 2 Ch 36:21) Mt 1:22; cp. 2:15, 17, 23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:54, 56; 27:9 (PNepper-Christensen, D. Mt-evangelium, ’58, 136–62); Mk 14:49; 15:27(28) v.l. (after Lk 22:37); Lk 1:20; 4:21; 21:22 v.l.; 24:44; J 12:38; 13:18; 15:25; 17:12; 19:24, 36; Ac 1:16 (cp. Test Napht 7:1 δεῖ ταῦτα πληρωθῆναι); Js 2:23. A vision ἔδει γὰρ τὸ τῆς … ὀπτασίας πληρωθῆναι for what (Polycarp) had seen in his vision was destined to be fulfilled MPol 12:3.—The OT type finds its fulfillment in the antitype Lk 22:16 (cp. MBlack, ET 57, ’45/46, 25f, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 229–36). At times one of Jesus’ predictions is fulfilled: J 18:9, 32. The act. bring to fulfillment, partly of God, who brings divine prophecies to fulfillment Ac 3:18; MPol 14:2, partly of humans who, by what they do, help to bring divine prophecies to realization (Vi. Thu. 1, 8 [=OxfT p. xii, 8] οὗτος ἐπλήρωσε τὰ μεμαντευμένα) Ac 13:27. Jesus himself fulfills his destiny by dying, as God’s messengers Moses and Elijah foretell Lk 9:31.—GPt 5:17.
    ⓑ a prayer (Chariton 8, 1, 9 πεπληρώκασιν οἱ θεοὶ τὰς εὐχάς; Aristaen., Ep. 1, 16 the god πεπλήρωκε τ. εὐχήν [=prayer]; IBM 894, 8 of answered prayer) πληρῶσαί μου τὴν αἴτησιν answer my prayer ITr 13:3 (cp. Ps 19:5; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 4 [Stone p. 40]). A command(ment) (Herodian 3, 11, 4 τὰς ἐντολάς; POxy 1252A, 9 πλήρωσον τὸ κεκελευσμένον; 1 Macc 2:55; SibOr 3, 246) πεπλήρωκεν ἐντολὴν δικαιοσύνης Pol 3:3. νόμον (Ps.-Demetr., Form. Ep. p. 12, 9; cp. Hdt. 1, 199 ἐκπλῆσαι τὸν νόμον) Ro 13:8; pass. Gal 5:14 (but s. 3 above and cp. Aeschyl., Ag. 313). τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου Ro 8:4. πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην (cp. 4 Macc 12:14 πλ. τὴν εὐσέβειαν) Mt 3:15 (s. AFridrichsen: Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 1928, 167–77; OEissfeldt, ZNW 61, ’70, 209–15 and s. βαπτίζω 2a, end); pass. ISm 1:1 (s. δικαιοσύνη 3b). Also ἐστὶ πρέπον πληρωθῆναι πάντα it is fitting that all things should be fulfilled GEb 18, 40 (cp. APF 3, 1906, 370 II, 7 [II A.D.] ἕως ἅπαντα τὰ κατʼ ἐμὲ πεπληρῶσθαι).—A duty or office βλέπε τὴν διακονίαν …, ἵνα αὐτὴν πληροῖς pay attention to your duty … and perform it Col 4:17 (cp. CIG 2336 πλ. πᾶσαν ἀρχὴν κ. λειτουργίαν; PFlor 382, 40 πληρῶσαι τὴν λειτουργίαν; ISardRobert I p. 39 n. 5).—Abs., in the broadest sense and in contrast to καταλύειν (s. καταλύω 3a): οὐκ ἦλθον καταλῦσαι ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι Mt 5:17; depending on how one prefers to interpret the context, πληρόω is understood here either as fulfill=do, carry out, or as bring to full expression=show it forth in its true mng., or as fill up=complete (s. AKlöpper, ZWT 39, 1896, 1ff; AHarnack, Aus Wissenschaft u. Leben II 1911, 225ff, SBBerlAk 1912, 184ff; JHänel, Der Schriftbegriff Jesu 1919, 155ff; Dalman, Jesus 56–66 confirm; WHatch, ATR 18, ’36, 129–40; HLjungman, D. Gesetz Erfüllen, ’54; WKümmel, Verheissung u. Erfüllung3, ’56; JO’Rourke, The Fulfilment Texts in Mt, CBQ 24, ’62, 394–403).
    ⑤ to bring to completion an activity in which one has been involved from its beginning, complete, finish (1 Macc 4:19) πάντα τὰ ῥήματα Lk 7:1 (cp. TestBenj 12:1 τοὺ λόγου). τὴν διακονίαν Ac 12:25. [τὰς τοῦ κυρίου οἰκο]νομίας πληρῶσε (=πληρῶσαι) to carry out to the end God’s designs (i.e. Paul’s life as programmed by God is about to be concluded) AcPl Ha 5, 27; cp. the restoration in 6, 26 ο̣ἰ̣κο̣ν̣[ομίαν πληρώσω] (cp. the description of Jeremiah’s death ParJer 9:31 ἐπληρώθη αὐτοῦ οἰκονομία); τὸν δρόμον Ac 13:25; cp. the abs. ἕως πληρώσωσιν until they should complete (their course) Rv 6:11 v.l. (s. 6 below). τὸ ἔργον Ac 14:26. τὴν εὐχήν MPol 15:1. τὰ κυνηγέσια 12:2 (another probability here is the quite rare [Hdt. 2, 7 al.] intr. sense be complete, be at an end). Pass. be accomplished, be finished, at an end (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 24, 9 as a saying of Philip as he lay dying: ἐμοῦ τὸ πεπρωμένον πεπλήρωται = my destiny has been fulfilled; Mel., P. 43, 297 ὁ νόμος ἐπληρώθη τοῦ εὐαγγελίου φωτισθέτος) ὡς ἐπληρώθη ταῦτα Ac 19:21. ἄχρι οὗ πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν Lk 21:24. αἱ ἀποκαλύψεις αὗται τέλος ἔχουσιν• πεπληρωμέναι γάρ εἰσιν these revelations have attained their purpose, for they are completed Hv 3, 3, 2.
    ⑥ complete a number, pass. have the number made complete (since Hdt. 7, 29; Iren. 1, 16, 2 [Harv. I 161, 6]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 51, 2) ἕως πληρωθῶσιν οἱ σύνδουλοι Rv 6:11 (s. 5 above).—CMoule, Fulfilment Words in the NT, NTS 14, ’68, 293–320. DELG s.v. πίμπλημι. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πληρόω

  • 10 ἵστημι

    ἵστημι (Hom.+, ins, pap [Mayser 353]; LXX [Thackeray 247f]; pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Ar.) and also ἱστάνω (since I B.C. SIG 1104, 26 ἱστανόμενος; pap [Mayser, loc. cit., with ἀνθιστάνω documented here as early as III B.C.]; Epict. 3, 12, 2; LXX [Ezk 17:14; Thackeray, loc. cit.]; later wr. in Psaltes 236) Ro 3:31; Hs 8, 1, 10 (s. Whittaker on 8, 1, 8; s. B-D-F §93; Mlt-H. 202). Fut. στήσω; 1 aor. ἔστησα; 2 aor. ἔστην, impv. στῆθι, inf. στῆναι, ptc. στάς; pf. ἕστηκα ( I stand), ptc. ἑστηκώς, ός and ἑστώς En 12:3; JosAs 7:2; J 12:29,-ῶσα J 8:9 v.l., neut. ἑστώς Rv 14:1 v.l. (s. B-D-F §96; W-S. §14, 5; Mlt-H. 222) and ἑστός, inf. always ἑστάναι; plpf. εἱστήκειν ( I stood) or ἱστήκειν GPt 2:3, third pl. εἱστήκεισαν Mt 12:46; J 18:18; Ac 9:7; Rv 7:11 (W-H. spell it ἱστ. everywhere); ἑστάκαμεν w. act. mng. 1 Macc 11:34; fut. mid. στήσομαι Rv 18:15. Pass.: 1 fut. σταθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐστάθην (PEg2 65). S. στήκω. Trans.: A. Intr.: B, C, D.
    A. trans. (pres., impf., fut., 1 aor. act.; s. B-D-F §97, 1; Mlt-H. 241) gener. ‘put, place, set’.
    ① to cause to be in a place or position, set, place, bring, allow to come τινά someone, lit. ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ Ac 5:27. εἰς αὐτούς before them 22:30. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at someone’s right (hand) Mt 25:33. ἐν μέσῳ in the midst, among 18:2; Mk 9:36; J 8:3. ἐνώπιόν τινος before someone Ac 6:6. Also κατενώπιόν τινος Jd 24. ἐπί τι upon someth. Mt 4:5; Lk 4:9. παρά τινι beside someone 9:47.
    ② to propose someone for an obligation, put forward, propose, lit. (e.g. Just., A I, 60, 3 Μωυσέα … τύπον σταυροῦ … στῆσαι ἐπὶ τῇ ἁγίᾳ σκηνῇ) τινά for a certain purpose: the candidates for election to the apostleship Ac 1:23. μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς 6:13 (cp. Mel., P. 93, 700 ψευδομάρτυρες).
    ③ to set up or put into force, establish, fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Gen 26:3 τὸν ὅρκον; Ex 6:4) τὴν ἰδίαν δικαιοσύνην Ro 10:3. τὸ δεύτερον (opp. ἀναιρεῖν τὸ πρῶτον, a ref. to sacrificial system) Hb 10:9.—Of legal enforcement κύριε, μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τ. ἁμαρτίαν Lord, do not hold this sin against them Ac 7:60 (contrast ἀφίημι 1 Macc 13:38f; 15:5; Stephen’s expression=ἄφες Lk 23:34; s. Beginn. IV, ad loc.).
    ④ to validate someth. that is in force or in practice, reinforce validity of, uphold, maintain, validate τὶ someth. fig. ext. of 1 (1 Macc 2:27 τὴν διαθήκην) τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν validate or maintain your own tradition Mk 7:9. νόμον ἱστάνομεν we uphold (the) law Ro 3:31 (s. καταργέω 2).
    ⑤ to cause to be steadfast, make someone stand δυνατεῖ ὁ κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν Ro 14:4.
    ⓐ set/fix a time a period of time ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 3a) Ac 17:31.
    ⓑ determine a monetary amount οἱ δὲ ἔστησαν αὐτῷ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια Mt 26:15 (=Zech 11:12 ἔστησαν τὸν μισθόν μου τριάκοντα ἀργύρους), presents a special problem for interpreters because of the author’s theological and narrative interests, which prompt him to connect an allusion here to Zech 11:12 in anticipation of a fulfillment statement at Mt 27:9f, which in haggadic fashion draws on Zech 11:13 in the longer form of the Mt and Jer 32 (Mt 39):7–9 (s. JDoeve, Jewish Hermeneutics in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts, ’54, 185–87). Jer 39:9 and Zech 11:12 use the verb ἱ. in the sense weigh out on scales (Hom.; X., Cyr. 8, 2, 21, Mem. 1, 1, 9 al.; GDI p. 870, n49 A [Ephesus VI B.C.] 40 minas ἐστάθησαν; Is 46:6; Jer 39:9; 2 Esdr 8:25), and some (e.g. BWeiss, HHoltzmann, JWeiss; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 227f; Field, Notes 19f) interpret Mt 26:15 in this sense. Of course Mt’s readers would know that coinage of their time was not ‘weighed out’ and would understand ἱ. in the sense of striking a bargain (ἵστημι=set a price, make an offer, close a bargain: Herodas 7, 68 pair of shoes; BGU 1116, 8 [I B.C.]; 912, 25 [I A.D.]; PRainer 206, 10 [II A.D.] κεφάλαιον), they set out (=offered, allowed) for him (=paid him) 30 silver coins (Wlh., OHoltzmann, Schniewind), but the more sophisticated among them would readily recognize the obsolete mng. Ac 7:60 is sometimes interpreted in a related sense, but the absence of a direct object of amount paid suggests that the pass. is better placed in 3 above.
    B. intr., aor. and fut. forms
    ① to desist from movement and be in a stationary position, stand still, stop (Hom., Aristot.; Philostrat., Ep. 36, 2 ὁ ποταμὸς στήσεται; TestSol 7:3 οὕτως ἔστη ἡ αὔρα) Lk 24:17. στὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐφώνησεν αὐτούς Mt 20:32.—Mk 10:49; Lk 7:14; 17:12; 18:40. στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα Ac 8:38. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν Rv 18:17; cp. vs. 15. ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ σπηλαίου GJs 19:2. ἔστη ἐπὶ τόπου πεδινοῦ he took his stand on a level place Lk 6:17. Of a star ἐστάθη ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον Mt 2:9; also ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3. Of a flow of blood come to an end ἔστη ἡ ῥύσις τ. αἵματος Lk 8:44 (cp. Ex 4:25 [though HKosmala, Vetus Test. 12, ’62, 28 renders it as an emphatic εἶναι] Heraclid. Pont., Fgm. 49 W.; POxy 1088, 21 [I A.D.]; Cyranides p. 117 note γυναικὶ … αἷμα ἵστημι παραχρῆμα). στῆθι stand Js 2:3. ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἔστη ἄνω his hand remained (motionless) upraised GJs 18:3 (not pap).
    ② to come up in the presence of others, come up, stand, appear ἔμπροσθέν τινος before someone Mt 27:11; Lk 21:36. Also ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 10:30; GJs 11:2 (κατενώπιον TestSol 22:13; Just., D. 127, 3) or ἐπί τινος: σταθήσεσθε you will have to appear Mt 10:18 v.l.; Mk 13:9; ἐπί τοῦ παλατίου AcPl Ha 9, 20. στῆθι εἰς τὸ μέσον Lk 6:8; cp. vs. 8b; J 20:19, 26 (Vi. Aesopi I c. 6 p. 243, 15 Αἴσωπος στὰς εἰς τὸ μέσον ἀνέκραξεν). Also ἐν μέσῳ Lk 24:36; Ac 17:22; Ox 1 verso, 11 (s. Unknown Sayings, 69–71). ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the court GJs 15:2. Cp. J 21:4; Rv 12:18; Lk 7:38. Step up or stand to say someth. or make a speech Lk 18:11. Cp. 19:8; Ac 2:14; 5:20; 11:13 al. ἔστησαν … προσδοκῶντες τὸν Ζαχαρίαν they stood waiting for Z. GJs 24:1. Pract. in the sense of the pf. δυνάμενοι … ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ στῆναι (the cult images) which could not remain standing AcPl Ha 1, 20 (cp. ἵστατο δένδρον κυπάρισσος TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 17 [Stone p. 6]; ὁ τόπος ἐν ᾧ ἱστάμεθα GrBar 6:13).
    ③ to stand up against, resist, w. πρὸς and acc. offer resistance (Thu. 5, 104) Eph 6:11; abs. resist (Ex 14:13) vs. 13. (Cp. the term στάσις in the sense of ‘rebellion’.)
    ④ stand firm so as to remain stable, stand firm, hold one’s ground (Ps 35:13) in battle (X., An. 1, 10, 1) Eph 6:14. σταθήσεται will stand firm Ro 14:4a. τίς δύναται σταθῆναι; Rv 6:17. εἰς ἣν στῆτε stand fast in it (Goodsp., Probs. 198) 1 Pt:12. Of house, city, or kingdom Mt 12:25f; Mk 3:24f; Lk 11:18. Cp. Mk 3:26. The OT expr. (Dt 19:15) ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1.
    ⑤ come to a standing position, stand up ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας on one’s feet (Ezk 2:1) Ac 26:16; Rv 11:11. Abs. Ac 3:8.
    C. intr., perf. and plupf.
    ① to be in a standing position, I stand, I stood of bodily position, e.g. of a speaker J 7:37; Ac 5:25, of hearers J 12:29 or spectators Mt 27:47; Lk 23:35; Ac 1:11, of accusers Lk 23:10. Cp. J 18:5, 16, 18ab, 25; 19:25; Ac 16:9 al.
    ② to be at a place, stand (there), be (there), w. the emphasis less on ‘standing’ than on ‘being, existing’.
    ⓐ position indicated by adv. of place ἔξω Mt 12:46f; Lk 8:20; 13:25. μακρόθεν Lk 18:13. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν at a distance 23:49; Rv 18:10. ἐκεῖ Mk 11:5. ὅπου 13:14. ὧδε Mt 16:28; 20:6b. αὐτοῦ Lk 9:27; ἀπέναντι AcPl Ha 3, 30.
    ⓑ w. place indicated by a prep. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at the right (hand) of someone or someth. Lk 1:11; Ac 7:55f (HOwen, NTS 1, ’54/55, 224–26). ἐν αὐτοῖς among them Ac 24:21; w. ἐν and dat. of place Mt 20:3; 24:15; J 11:56; Rv 19:17. ἐν μέσῳ J 8:9 v.l. μέσος ὑμῶν 1:26 (v.l. στήκει). ἐπί w. gen. (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 66; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 209 Jac. ἐπὶ τ. θύρας) Ac 5:23; 21:40; 24:20; 25:10; Rv 10:5, 8; AcPl Ha 7, 37; w. dat. Ac 7:33; w. acc. Mt 13:2; Rv 3:20; 7:1; 14:1; 15:2; GJs 5:2 (ἕστηκας codd., ἔστης pap). παρά w. acc. of place Lk 5:1f. πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης J 6:22. πρό w. gen. of place Ac 12:14. πρός w. dat. of place J 20:11. σύν τινι Ac 4:14. μετά τινος AcPl Ha 11, 3. κύκλῳ τινός around someth. Rv 7:11. W. ἐνώπιον (functioning as prep.) ἐνώπιόν τινος Rv 7:9; 11:4; 12:4; 20:12.
    ⓒ abs. (Epict. 4, 1, 88 ἑστῶσα of the citadel, simply standing there; Tat. 26, 2 παρατρέχοντας μὲν ὑμᾶς, ἑστῶτα δὲ τὸν αἰῶνα) Mt 26:73; J 1:35; 3:29; 20:14; Ac 22:25. τὰ πρόβατα εἱστήκει the sheep stood still GJs 18:2 (not pap). The verb standing alone in the sense stand around idle (Eur., Iph. Aul. 861; Aristoph., Av. 206, Eccl. 852; Herodas 4, 44) Mt 20:6a. ἀργός can be added (Aristoph., Eccl. 879f, Pax 256 ἕστηκας ἀργός) vs. 6a v.l., 6b (w. the question cp. Eubulus Com., Fgm. 15, 1 K. τί ἕστηκας ἐν πύλαις; Herodas 5, 40). W. modifying words (Pla., Phdr. 275d ἕστηκε ὡς ζῶντα τὰ ἔκγονα) εἱστήκεισαν ἐνεοί they stood there speechless Ac 9:7. ὡς ἐσφαγμένον Rv 5:6. cp. Ac 26:6. εἱστήκει ἀπεκδεχόμενος AcPl Ant 13, 22 (=Aa I, 237, 5).
    ③ to stand in attendance on someone, attend upon, be the servant of Rv 8:2 (RCharles, Rv ICC vol. 1, p. 225).
    ④ stand firm in belief, stand firm of personal commitment in gener. (opp. πεσεῖν), fig. ext. of 1, 1 Cor 10:12; 2 Cl 2:6. τ. πίστει ἕστηκας you stand firm because of your faith Ro 11:20; cp. 2 Cor 1:24. ὸ̔ς ἕστηκεν ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος one who stands firm in his heart 1 Cor 7:37. ὁ θεμέλιος ἕστηκεν the foundation stands (unshaken) 2 Ti 2:19 (Stob. 4, 41, 60 [vol. V, p. 945]: Apelles, when he was asked why he represented Tyche [Fortune] in a sitting position, answered οὐχ ἕστηκεν γάρ=because she can’t stand, i.e. has no stability; Hierocles 11, 441 ἑστῶτος τοῦ νόμου=since the law stands firm [unchanged]; Procop. Soph., Ep. 47 μηδὲν ἑστηκὸς κ. ἀκίνητον; 75).
    ⑤ to be in a condition or state, stand or be in someth., fig. ext. of 1; grace (Hierocles 12, 446 ἐν ἀρετῇ) Ro 5:2; within the scope of the gospel 1 Cor 15:1; in truth J 8:44.
    D. intr., pres. mid. to have a beginning, begin, calendaric expression (as old as Hom.) μὴν ἱστάμενος the month just beginning (oft. ins) MPol 21—B. 835. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἵστημι

  • 11 διαλύω

    διαλύω, [tense] fut. -λύσω, etc.,
    A loose one from another, part asunder, διαπλέκων καὶ διαλύων twining and untwining, Hdt.4.67;

    νὺξ δ. τοὺς ἀγωνιζομένους Id.8.11

    ; δ. τὸν σύλλογον, τὴν συνουσίαν, τὴν πανήγυριν, etc., break it up, dismiss it, Id.7.10.δ, Pl.Ly. 223b, X.Cyr.6.1.10, etc.; τὴν σκηνὴν εἰς κοίτην δ. break up the party and go to bed, ib.2.3.1; δ. τὴν στρατιάν ib.6.1.6; τὸ ναυτικόν disband it, Th.2.93:— [voice] Med.,

    συνουσίας Pl.Grg. 457d

    :—[voice] Pass., of an army, assembly, etc., disperse, Hdt.1.128, etc.;

    ἐκ τοῦ συλλόγου Id.3.73

    , cf. 8.56: in [tense] fut. [voice] Med., part from one's escort, Th.2.12; of a man, die, X.Cyr.8.7.20.
    2 dissolve into its elements, break up, destroy,

    δ. καὶ ἀπολλύναι Pl.R. 609a

     s1.;

    ἐξ ἑνὸς εἰς πολλὰ δ. Id.Ti. 68d

    ; disperse, break up a herd of sheep, BGU1012.12 (ii B.C.); break up a ship,

    παλαιὰν τριήρη δ. IG2.804

    , cf. PSI4.382 (iii B.C.); τρίπους, ὅρμος διαλελυμένος, SIG2588.169,198 (Delos, ii B.C.);

    τὰς οἰκήσεις Plb.4.65.4

    ; dissolve,

    κοινόν Test.Epict.8.6

    ;

    σῴζεσθαι καὶ διαλυθεῖσαν οἴχεσθαι πολιτείαν Pl.Lg. 945c

    ; of the sun, thaw frozen things, X.Cyn.5.2:—[voice] Pass.,

    ἐξ ὧν σύγκειται καὶ εἰς ἃ διαλύεται Arist.GC 325b19

    , cf. Ph. 204b33, etc.
    3 break off, put an end to friendship,

    ὁμολογίας Isoc.4.175

    ;

    φιλίαν Arist.EN 1157b10

    :—[voice] Pass., of married persons, separate, be divorced, SIG364.59 ([place name] Ephesus):—[voice] Med.,

    διαλύσασθαι ξεινίην Hdt.4.154

    : abs., dissolve friendship, Arist.EN 1162b25:—[voice] Pass.,

    αἱ σπονδαὶ διελέλυντο Th.5.1

    .
    4 put an end to enmity, ἔχθραν, πόλεμον, Id.8.46:—[voice] Med.,

    δ. ἔχθρας Is.7.11

    ;

    διαφοράς Isoc.12.160

    ;

    πολέμους Id.4.172

    , cf. D.4.15: in [tense] plpf. [voice] Pass. (with [voice] Med. signf.),

    διελέλυσθε τὸν πόλεμον Isoc.14.27

     (v.l. διελύεσθε):—[voice] Pass.,

    τὰς ἔχθρας διαλύεσθαι Th.4.19

    : hence,
    b c. acc. pers., reconcile,

    πρὸς ἔμ' αὑτὸν διαλύειν ἠξίου D.21.122

    , cf. 41.14;

    δ. τινὰς ἐκ διαφορᾶς Plb.1.87.4

    ;

    οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὁ διαλύσων οὔτε λόγος οὔτε ὅρκος Th.3.83

    ; esp. in legal proceedings, PHamb.25.5 (iii B.C.), etc.:—[voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., c. gen. rei, διαλύεσθαι νείκους to be parted from quarrel, i.e. be reconciled, E.Or. 1679 (v.l. νείκας); so διαλυθείσης τῆς διαφορᾶς prob. in D.S.14.110: also abs., to be reconciled, make up a quarrel, X.HG7.4.25, cf. Test. ap. Aeschin. 1.66, Thphr.Char.12.14;

    πρός τινας D.38.24

    ;

    περί τινος Lys.4.1

    : in [tense] fut. [voice] Med.,

    ὅπως.. μὴ διαλύσει D.21.216

    .
    5 generally, put an end to, do away with,

    χρήμασι τὴν διαβολήν Th.1.131

    ; πάσας αὐτοῦ διαλύσω τὰς ἀπολογίας d.27.58;

    τὸν ἐχόμενον φόβον δ. τῶν Ἑλλήνων Pl. Mx. 241b

    :—so in [voice] Med.,

    ἐγκλήματα δ. Th.1.140

    ; δ. περὶ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ib. 145;

    διαβολάς Isoc.11.37

    , 15.16;

    τι τῶν κατηγορημένων Id.12.218

    ; δ. ἃ ἐψηφίσασθε cancel your vote, Lys.18.15; διαλύσασθαι τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους settle mutual claims, Isoc.4.40.
    6 solve a difficulty, Pl.Sph. 252d;

    τὴν ἀπορίαν Arist.Metaph. 1062b31

    :—[voice] Med.,

    διαλύσεσθαι σόφισμα S.E.P.2.238

    .
    7 δ.τὰς τιμάς pay the full value, D.29.7; pay, discharge,

    τὴν δαπάνην Hdt.5.30

    ;

    χρήματα D.20.12

    ;

    τὰ συμβόλαια Arist.Pol. 1276a11

    ;

    χρέος τινί Plb.31.27.4

    ;

    πάντα διελέλυτο D.28.2

    : also c. acc. pers., δ. τὸν ναύκληρον satisfy him, i.e. pay him off, D. 49.29, cf. 34.40, 36.50:—[voice] Med., order debts to be paid,

    διαλέλυμαι ταῦτα Arr.An.7.10.3

    ; but also, to have them paid to oneself, D.Chr. 46.6.
    II relax, weaken,

    τὸ σῶμα Hp.Aph.3.17

    ; esp. of the result of hunger,

    διαλύεσθαι τῷ λιμῷ UPZ11.27

     (ii B.C.), cf. 42.9 (also in [voice] Act. intr., ὑπὸ τῆς λιμοῦ δ. ib.122.23 (ii B.C.)); make supple and pliant, Ar. Pax85:—[voice] Pass.,

    δ. καὶ ἀδυνατεῖν Arist.HA 585a33

    ; ἀνάπλους διαλελυμένος a sailing out in loose order, Plb.16.2.6; διαλελυμένη λέξις a lax style, D.H.Lys.9.
    2 abs., slacken one's hold, undo, Theoc.24.32.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διαλύω

  • 12 κατατίθημι

    κατατίθημι, [tense] fut. - θήσω: Hom. freq. uses the [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. forms, [voice] Act. κάτθεμεν, κάτθετε, κάτθεσαν, inf. κατθέμεν ([dialect] Dor. κατθέμειν prob. in Epich.71, [dialect] Aeol.
    A

    κά (θ) θηκε Schwyzer647a

     (Naucratis, vi B.C.)), [voice] Med. κατθέμεθα, κατθέσθην, κατθέμενοι (sg.

    κάτθετο A.R.3.867

    ); also καταθείομεν, [tense] aor. subj. for καταθῶμεν, Od.21.264; καταθείομαι, [tense] aor. subj. [voice] Med. for καταθῶμαι, Il.22.111, Od.19.17:—place, put, lay down, folld. by various Preps.,

    κ. ἄρνας ἐπὶ χθονός Il.3.293

    ;

    κόρυθ' ἐπὶ χθονί 6.473

    ; κ. τινὰ ἐν Λυκίης δήμῳ or εἰς Ἰθάκην, set him down in.., 16.683, Od.16.230;

    τινὰ ἐν λεχέεσσι Il.18.233

    ;

    τεύχε' ἐς θάλαμον Od.24.166

    ;

    ἐς μέγαρον ἐπὶ θρόνου 20.96

    ;

    κλισίην τινὶ παρὰ πυρί 19.55

    ;

    τι ὑπὸ ζυγά 13.20

    ; τι ἐκ καπνοῦ take down out of the smoke, 16.288, 19.7.
    2 put down, offer as a prize,

    ἄπυρον κατέθηκε λέβητα Il.23.267

    , cf. 885 (tm.);

    κ. ἄεθλα Od.24.91

    ; but κ. ἄεθλον ordain a contest, 19.572; εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν γράμματα κ. set up as a public notice, Pl.Lg. 946d; so also κ. τι ἐς μέσον put it down in the midst, i.e. for common use, E.Cyc. 547, cf. Ar.Ec. 602; οὐσίαν, χρήματα κ., ib. 855, 871;

    τὰ ὅπλα εἰς τὸ μέσον X.Cyr.2.1.14

    ; but ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι κ. τὰ πρήγματα communicate power to them, give them a common share of it, Hdt. 3.80;

    ἐς μέσον Κῴοισι κ. τὴν ἀρχήν Id.7.164

    ;

    τὸ αὑτῶν ἔργον ἅπασι κοινὸν κ. Pl.R. 369e

    ; κ. εἰς τὸ μέσον or εἰς τὸ κοινόν, propose for common discussion, Id.Phlb. 14b, Cra. 384c.
    3 put down as payment, pay down, Hdt.9.120, Ar.Ra. 176, Nu. 246, Th.1.27, Pl.Prt. 314b, Lg. 921d, etc.;

    τέλη Antipho 5.77

    ;

    μετοίκιον Lys.31.9

    ;

    τὸ ὄφλημα D. 21.99

    , cf. 151;

    τὰς συμβολάς Antiph.26.8

    ; put down as paid (in accounts), X. Oec.9.8; τί.. τουτοινὶ καταθῶ σοι .. ; what shall I pay you for these? Ar. Pax 1214: generally, pay, perform what one has promised,

    νικῶντί γε χάριν κ. Pi.N.7.76

    ; ἃ δ' ὑπέσχεο ποῖ καταθήσεις; S. OC 227 (anap.):—alsoin [voice] Med., v.infr.11.7.
    b dedicate, Schwyzer647a (Naucratis, vi B.C.), 682 (2) (Cypr.), al.
    4 deposit, παρακαταθήκην ὲς .. Hdt.5.92.

    ή; ἐνέχυρα IG5(2).344.18

     (Orchom.Arc., iii B.C.):— in this sense usu. in [voice] Med., cf. 11.4.
    b mortgage, Leg.Gort.6.19, Test.Epict.2.13, etc.
    5 deposit in the tomb, bury, v.l. in Ev.Marc. 15.46.
    6 sow seed, POxy.1031.17 (iii A.D.).
    7 κ. ὁδόν lay down, make a road, Pi.P.5.90.
    8 dish up, serve, Epich.71.
    II [voice] Med., lay down from oneself, put off, lay aside, esp. of arms,

    τεύχεα.., τὰ μὲν κατέθεντ' ἐπὶ γαίῃ Il.3.114

    , cf. Od.22.141 (hence, comically,

    θυμὸν κατάθου παρὰ τὴν ὀργὴν ὥσπερ ὁπλίτης Ar.Av. 401

    );

    χλαίνας μὲν κατέθεντο κατὰ κλισμούς Od.17.86

    ; ζώναν καταθηκαμένα, of a maiden, Pi.O.6.39; θοἰμάτιον, etc., Ar.Pl. 926, etc.; τὴν χλαμύδα (of the ἔφηβος) prob. in Philem.34; τὴν μοναρχίαν lay down, Plu.Fab.9.
    2 metaph., put an end to, settle,

    τὸν πόλεμον Th.1.121

    , Lys.33.6, D.19.264:—[voice] Pass., ξυμφορᾶς μετρίως κατατιθεμένης being arranged on tolerable terms, Th.4.20.
    b put aside, leave out of the question,

    τοὺς ποιητάς Pl.Prt. 348a

    , cf. Ti. 59c, Democr.3; κ. ἐν ἀμελείᾳ treat negligently, X.Mem.1.4.15.
    3 lay down in a place; of the dead, bury, Od.24.190;

    κ. πηδάλιον ὑπὲρ καπνοῦ Hes.Op.45

    ;

    τὰς μαχαίρας ἐνθαδί Ar.Eq. 489

    ; [ τὰ στρώματα] Id.Ra. 166; ὤμοισι κατ' ἄμβροτα θήκατο τεύχη on one's shoulders, Q.S.12.303; put on shore, disembark, Luc.Alex.57; ποῖ δὴ ἡμᾶς ὁ ἀνὴρ -θήσεται; Plu.Caes.37: metaph., πολλὰ αἱ μακραὶ ἁμέραι κατέθεντο λύπας ἐγγυτέρω have brought them nearer.., S.OC 1216 (lyr.).
    4 deposit for oneself, lay by, lay up in store (v.supr.1.4), [γαστέρας] ἐπὶ δόρπῳ for supper, Od.18.45;

    ἔντεα ἐς θάλαμον 19.17

    ;

    ὅπλα εἰς τὰς ἄκρας X.Cyr.7.5.34

    ;

    βίον Hes.Op. 601

    ; σμικρὸν ἐπὶ σμικρῷ ib. 361;

    καρποὺς ἐς φορβήν Hdt.1.202

    ;

    παραθήκην Id.6.73

    ;

    χρήματα Antipho Soph.54

    ;

    θησαυρὸν παισί Thgn.409

    ;

    θησαυροὺς ἐν οἴκῳ X. Cyr.8.2.15

    ;

    μυρίους δαρεικοὺς εἰς τὸ ἴδιον ἐμοί Id.An.1.3.3

    ; [ σῖτον] hoarditup in hope of high prices, Lys.22.9.
    b metaph., κλέος lay up store of glory, Hdt.7.220, 9.78, Pl.Smp. 208c;

    ἀΐδιον δόξαν κ. Th. 4.87

    ;

    κ. ἀποστροφήν τινι X. An.7.6.34

    : freq. χάριτα or χάριν κατατίθεσθαι τινι or πρός τινα, lay up a store of gratitude or favour, Hdt.6.41, 7.178, Antipho 5.61, Th.1.33, D.59.21, etc.;

    εὐεργεσίαν κ. ἐς βασιλέα Th.1.128

     (so in [voice] Pass.,

    μεγάλων μοι κατατεθεισῶν ἐς αὐτὸν εὐεργεσιῶν Hdn.3.6.2

    , cf. 1.4.3); also

    ἔχθραν καταθέσθαι πρὸς ἐκείνους ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν Lys.2.22

    ;

    κατέθετο μῖσος διπλάσιον τῆς οὐσίας Men.626

    ; but κ. ὀργὴν εἴς τινας vent one's fury upon.., X. Cyn.10.8.
    5 deposit in a place of safety,

    τοὺς πρέσβεις κατέθεντο εἰς Αἴγιναν Th.3.72

    ;

    τὴν λείαν ἐς τοὺς Βιθυνούς X.HG1.3.2

    ;

    κ. εἰς τὸ οἴκημα D.56.4

    ;

    οἴκαδε Pl.Prt. 314a

    ;

    διαθήκην παρά τινι Is.6.27

    ;

    φιλίαν παρὰ θεούς X.An.2.5.8

    ; [

    Διόνυσον] ἐν Δρακάνῳ Theoc.26.34

    :—[voice] Pass., of prisoners, ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ κατατεθῶσιν Lex ap.D.24.63, cf. D.C.58.1.
    6 lay up in memory or as a memorial, χρὴ.. γνώμην ταύτην ( ταύτῃ Bgk.)

    καταθέσθαι Thgn.717

    ;

    μνημεῖον παρά τινι Pl.Tht. 209c

    ; κ. εἰς μνήμην record, register, Id.Lg. 858d;

    κ. τι ἐς βιβλίον D.61.2

    ;

    γνώμην -θέσθαι εἰς μέσον D.H.Rh.9.4

    .
    7 pay (cf. 1.3),

    ἐκφόριον BGU1059.22

     (i B.C.), cf. PTeb.329.7 (ii A.D.), etc.
    b employ, spend, τὴν ἀκμὴν.. πρὸς τί κατατιθέμενος on what he is employing the prime of life, Apollod. Com.13.4;

    τὸν βίον εἴς τι Phld.Rh.1.244

     S.; κ. τὴν σχολὴν εἰς καλόν τι employ one's leisure in.., Plu.2.135d;

    τὴν τοῦ λέγειν δύναμιν εἰς τὴν τῶν ἀδικουμένων βοήθειαν D.S.9.13

    ; σπουδὴν-τιθέμενοι Polystr.p.19 W.
    8 impose,

    ὄνομα Parm.19.3

    , cf. 8.39; but μορφὰς κατέθεντο δύο γνώμας ὀνομάζειν recorded their decision, decided to name, ib.53.
    9 in Law, depose, aver,

    ἐν ὑπομνήμασι PLips.35.16

     (iv A.D.), cf. Cod.Just.1.5.16.1, etc.
    b = συγκατατίθεμαι, Eust. 1261.19.
    c make a testamentary disposition,

    κ. διαθηκιμαίαν βούλησιν PMasp.151.43

    , al. (vi A.D.).—Freq. in Hom. and familiar [dialect] Att.; rare in Trag.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατατίθημι

  • 13 ἐκφέρω

    ἐκφέρω, [tense] fut.
    A

    ἐξοίσω Hdt.3.71

    : [dialect] Ion. [tense] aor. ἐξήνεικα:—[voice] Pass.,

    ἐξοισθήσομαι E.Supp. 561

    : [tense] fut. [voice] Med. ἐξοίσομαι in pass. sense, Hdt.8.49,76:— carry out of,

    τινὰ πολέμοιο Il.5.664

    , etc.;

    ὅπλα ἐκ μεγάρου ἐξενηνειγμένα Hdt.8.37

    , cf. E.Ph. 779;

    ἐ. πεύκας Ar.Fr. 599

    ;

    γραμματεῖον Id.Nu. 19

    ;

    ἐξένεγκέ μοι τὴν κοπίδ' ἔξω Men.Pk. 332

    .
    2 carry out a corpse for burial,

    ἐξέφερον θρασὺν Ἕκτορα δάκρυ χέοντες Il.24.786

    , cf. Hdt.7.117, Antipho 6.21 ([voice] Pass.), etc.; also, cause death, εἰ ὑπερβάλλουσιν

    ἀλγηδόνες, ἐξοίσουσι Plot.1.4.8

    .
    3 carry away,

    τρί' ἄλεισα Od.15.470

    , cf. Test.Epict. 2.22, etc.; carry off as prize or reward,

    ἄεθλον Il.23.785

    :—more freq. in [voice] Med., τὠυτὸ (of a victory)

    ἐξενείκασθαι Hdt.6.103

    ; κλέος, δόξαν, S.El.60, D.14.1, etc.; accomplish, Aeschin.2.66.
    4 carry ashore,

    ἐπὶ Ταίναρον Hdt.1.24

    , etc.; cast ashore,

    πόντου νιν ἐξήνεγκε.. κλύδων E.Hec. 701

    :—[voice] Pass., with [tense] fut. [voice] Med., come to land, be cast ashore, ἐς τοὺς ἑωυτῶν ἐξοίσονται Hdt.S.49, cf. 76, 2.90.
    II bring forth, in various senses:
    1 of women, = φέρειν μέχρι τέλους, bring to the birth, Hp.Nat.Mul.19;

    εἰς φῶς κύημα Pl.R. 461c

    , cf. Arist. HA 577b23, al.; of plants, bear seed, Id.GA 731a22; of the ground, bear fruit, Δήμητρος καρπὸν ἐ. Hdt.1.193, 4.198.
    2 bring about, accomplish,

    μισθοῖο τέλος Il.21.451

    ;

    τὸ μόρσιμον Pi.N.4.61

    ;

    κακίας μεγάλας ὥσπερ ἀρετὰς αἱ μεγάλαι φύσεις ἐ. Plu.Demetr.1

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    διὰ ἀνοήτων οὐδὲν ἂν καλῶς ἐξενεχθείη D.61.7

    .
    3 publish, deliver,

    χρηστήριον Hdt.5.79

    ;

    ἐ. λόγον S.Tr. 741

    , Pl.Mx. 236c, cf. Plu.Them.23;

    εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας τὰ τῆς πόλεως ἁμαρτήματα Isoc.8.14

    ; of public measures, refer,

    ἐξενεῖκαι ἐς τὸν δῆμον Hdt.9.5

    ;

    ἐς πολύφημον ἐξενείκαντας Id.5.79

    ; ἐ. προβούλευμα εἰς τὸν δῆμον bring a project of law before the people, D.59.4 (so in [voice] Med.,

    ἐκφέρεσθαι προβούλευμα εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Aeschin. 3.125

    ): abs., freq. in [dialect] Att. Inscrr.,

    ἡ δὲ βουλὴ ἐς τὸν δῆμον ἐξενεγκέτω ἐπάναγκες IG12.76.61

    , cf. 22.360.47; of authors, publish a work, Isoc. 9.74, Arist.Po. 1447b17, D.H.Comp.1, Plu.2.10c, etc.:—[voice] Med., ἐκφέρεσθαι γνώμην declare one's opinion, Isoc.5.36:—[voice] Pass.,

    εἰς Ἕλληνας ἐξοισθήσεται E.Supp. 561

    .
    4 produce, exhibit, Lys.19.30; display,

    δείγματα εἰς φῶς Pl.Lg. 788c

    , cf. D.19.12;

    φανερῶς τὸ μῖσος εἴς τινας Plb.15.27.3

    ;

    ἐ. τὴν ἰατρικὴν ἐπιστήμην D.S.5.74

    .
    7 ἐ. πόλεμον begin war, D.1.21;

    ἐπί τινα Hdt.6.56

    ;

    πρός τινα X.HG3.5.1

    ;

    τινί Plb.2.36.4

    , etc.
    8 show the marks of, betray, reproduce,

    ἐκφέρουσι γὰρ μητρῷ' ὀνείδη E.Andr. 621

    .
    9 ὅρον ἐ. produce a definition, Arist.Metaph. 1040b2; express,

    διάνοιαν Phld.Po.5.26

    , al.; ' word' a sentence, D.H.Comp.3 ([voice] Pass.), 7; utter, Demetr.Eloc.94; cite, adduce, ib. 142; πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἐ. soliloquize, Sch.Pi.O.1.5.
    b pronounce, Ath.3.94f;

    ὅταν μακρῶς ἐκφέρηται D.H.Comp.15

    , cf. Archyt.1, Str.9.5.17.
    b [voice] Pass., of words, to be formed,

    κατὰ μίμησιν Demetr.Eloc. 220

    ;

    ἐπιρρηματικῶς A.D.Adv.175.28

    ; διὰ τοῦ ε ¯ ἐ. ib.193.5.
    11 exact,

    ἀργύριον LXX 4 Ki.15.20

    .
    III [voice] Pass., to be carried beyond bounds,

    ἔξω ὅρων ἐξενεχθὲν ἀκόντιον Antipho 3.2.4

    : mostly metaph., to be carried away by passion,

    ἀπαιδευσίᾳ ὀργῆς Th.3.84

    , cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.3.127; πρὸς ὀργὴν ἐκφέρει givest way to passion, S.El. 628; ἐ. πρὸς αἰδῶ is inclined to feel respect, E.Alc. 601 (lyr.);

    λέγων ἐξηνέχθην Pl.Cra. 425a

    ;

    ἐξενεχθεὶς ὥστε κωμῳδοποιὸς γενέσθαι Id.R. 606c

    ;

    πρὸς τὸ ἄγριοι πολῖται γενέσθαι X.Cyr.1.6.34

    ; πάθος defined as

    ὁρμὴ ἐκφερομένη καὶ ἀπειθὴς λόγῳ Stoic.3.92

    :—later in [voice] Act., [

    θυμὸς] ἐ. τινὰ τοῦ λογισμοῦ Philostr. Im.2.21

    .
    IV bring to one's end, bring on to the trail,

    εὖ δέ σ' ἐκφέρει.. βάσις S.Aj.7

    ; κινδυνεύει ὥσπερ ἀτραπός [τις] ἐκφέρειν ἡμᾶς [ἐν τῇ σκέψει] Pl.Phd. 66b, cf.IG12.94.37:—[voice] Pass., ἐξηνέχθην εἰς ἅπερ Πρωταγόρας λέγει Pl.Cra. 386a.
    V intr. (sc. ἑαυτόν) shoot forth (before the rest),

    ὦκα δ' ἔπειτα αἱ Φηρητιάδαο.. ἔκφερον ἵπποι· τὰς δὲ μέτ' ἐξέφερον Διομήδεος.. ἵπποι Il.23.376

    , cf. 759; also, to run away, X.Eq.3.4.
    2 come to fulfilment,

    ὁρᾷς τὰ τοῦδε.. ὡς ἐς ὀρθὸν ἐκφέρει μαντεύμᾰτα S.OC 1424

    ; come to an end, Id.Tr. 824 (lyr.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκφέρω

  • 14 ἐπέξειμι

    A ibo) serving as [dialect] Att. [tense] fut. to ἐπεξέρχομαι, to which it also supplies the [tense] impf. -ῄειν, [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

    - ήϊσαν Hdt.7.223

    :— go out against an enemy, l. c., Th.2.21, etc.;

    τισί Id.6.97

    ;

    πρὸς πολεμίους X.Eq.Mag.7.3

    ;

    ἐ. τινὶ ἐς μάχην Th.2.23

    , etc.
    2 get out, escape, Arist.Pr. 937a28.
    II proceed against, take vengeance on, Hdt.8.143; esp. in legal sense, prosecute,

    τινί D.21.216

    , Men.Epit. 140; ἐ. τινὶ φόνου for murder, Pl. Lg. 866b, Euthphr.4e; ἐ. τινὶ ὑπὲρ φόνου ib.b, cf. e: c. acc. pers., ἐπεξῇμεν τοῦ φόνου τὸν Ἀρίσταρχον Test. ap. D.21.107, cf. Antipho 1.11, etc.: c. dat. rei, visit, avenge,

    τῷ παθήματι Pl.Lg. 866b

     (and c. acc.,

    τὸν τῶν πατέρων θάνατον D.S.4.66

    ); also ἐ. δίκῃ, γραφῇ, prosecute at law, Pl.Lg. 754e, Euthphr.4c, Aeschin.2.93; attack,

    τῷ λόγῳ μεγαλοπρεπέστερον Pl.Ly. 215e

    .
    III c. acc., go over, traverse,

    δρυμούς Clearch.37

    .
    2 in writing, traverse, go through in detail,

    σμικρὰ καὶ μεγάλα ἄστεα Hdt.1.5

    ;

    πάντα Ar.Ra. 1118

    ;

    πάσας τὰς ἀμφισβητήσεις Pl.R. 437a

    .
    3 go through with, execute,

    παρασκευὰς λόγῳ καλῶς μεμφόμενοι ἀνομοίως ἔργῳ ἐπεξιέναι Th.1.84

    ;

    ἐ. τὰς τιμωρίας ἔτι μείζους Id.3.82

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπέξειμι

  • 15 πνεῦμα

    πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 308ff).
    ① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)
    ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).
    ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).
    ② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen2 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.2 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.
    ③ a part of human personality, spirit
    ⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X7 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.
    ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).
    ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.
    ④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).
    ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).
    ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.
    ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.
    ⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.
    ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.
    ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.
    ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).
    β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.
    ⓓ abs.
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).
    β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.
    ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.
    ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.
    ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.
    α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.
    β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.
    γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).
    δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.
    ⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).
    ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.
    ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).
    ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.
    ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.
    ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.
    ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.
    ⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.
    ⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen2 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines6 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πνεῦμα

  • 16 ἔξοδος

    ἔξοδος, ου, ἡ (s. ὁδός; ‘going out, going away’ Trag. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 4:14; TestSol 25:5; Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr; Just.; Mel., P. 1, 3).
    ① movement from one geographical area to another, departure, path, course
    ⓐ of the mass departure or exodus fr. Egypt (Ps 104:38; 113:1; Philo, Mos. 2, 248; Jos., Ant. 5, 72, C. Ap. 223; TestSim 9; Mel., P. 1:3) the (well-known) departure/exodus Hb 11:22.
    ⓑ of stones and their fortunes in the course of movement fr. one place to another course, fate, destination, in apocalyptic imagery Hv 3, 4, 3 (the Shepherd’s question: Where are the stones headed?).
    ② departure from among the living, euphemism (the one who dies has the illusion of a choice, and the mourner finds consolation in the theme) for death (Soph., Oed. Rex 959, 1372, Tr. 4; Wsd 3:2; 7:6; Philo, Virt. 77; Jos., Ant. 4, 189 ἐ. τοῦ ζῆν; TestNapht 1:1. Cp. Epict. 4, 4, 38; Just., D. 105, 3; 5) μετὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ἔ. after my death 2 Pt 1:15 (cp. the last will and test. of Abraham, bishop of Hermonthis, PLond I, 77, 57 p. 234 κελεύω μετὰ τ. ἐμὴν ἔξοδον τ. βίου). τὴν ἔ., ἣν ἤμελλεν πληροῦν his departure, which he was to carry out Lk 9:31.—M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔξοδος

  • 17 καταχορχρέομαι

    καταχορ-χρέομαι SIG672.32 (ii B.C.), al.: [tense] fut. -
    A

    χρήσομαι Pl.Mx. 247b

    : [tense] pf. - κέχρημαι both in act. and pass. senses (v.infr.): [tense] aor. - εχρήσθην (v.infr.11.4):—make full use of, apply, τινὶ εἰς.., ἐπί.., πρός τι, Pl.Lg. 700c, R. 520a, Cra. 426e; μάρτυσι κ. πρὸς τὸ .. Id.Phlb. 51a;

    κ. ἡ φύσις ἐν παρέργῳ τῇ.. ἀναπνοῇ πρὸς τὴν ὄσφρησιν Arist.Resp. 473a23

    , cf. Sens. 444a25; λόγους.. οἷσπερ νυνὶ κατακέχρηται (in act. sense) D.35.44;

    ἐν καιρῷ [πράξεσι] κ. Isoc.4.9

    ;

    κενῇ προφάσει ταύτῃ κατεχρῶ D.18.150

    : c. acc.,

    τὴν.. ὑπερβολὴν ἐπὶ βοήθειαν κ. ἡ φύσις Arist.PA 663b33

    ;

    σχολὴν ἐς ἀκρόασιν Luc.Prom.4

    ;

    τι εἴς τι IG22.1672.307

     (iv B.C.), cf. J.BJ5.9.1: abs. in [tense] pf. part. in pass. sense, ἐξεύρημα.. Ἀθήνησιν.. κατακεχρημένον ἐν συμποσίοις ἰδίᾳ 'στί is fashionable at private banquets there, Amphis 14.4.
    II do what one likes with a person or thing,

    καταχρήσασθέ μοι, εἰ δοκῶ τοιοῦτος εἶναι Aeschin.1.122

    .
    2 use up, consume, of money, etc., c. acc., Lys. 19.22 (bis);

    στέαρ PRev.Laws50.14

     (iii B.C.);

    τὰ κρέα ἐν τὰν δαμοθοινίαν SIG671

    A7 (Delph., ii B.C.); lay out, apply money,

    εἴς τι D.49.4

    , IG9(1).694.34 (Corc., ii B.C.), 12(1).155.86 ([place name] Rhodes); ἐνταῦθα on this, D.47.50: [tense] pf. in act. sense,

    ὅσα κατακέχρημαι Ἀθήνησι D.L.5.69

    :—[voice] Pass., to be spent, consumed, Isoc.4.74;

    πλίνθου τῆς -χρησθείσης εἰς τοὺς τοίχους PPetr.3p.139

     (iii B.C.).
    3 misuse, abuse, D. 19.277: c. dat.,

    τῇ τῶν προγόνων δόξῃ μὴ -χρησόμενοι Pl.Mx.

    l.c.; κ. ὀνόματι use it in a wrong sense, misapply it, Arist. Cael. 270b24, Phld. Rh.1.43 S., cf. Str.5.1.2 (also abs., Phld.Rh.1.59 S.; fall into an error, Olymp. in Mete.279.11): c.acc.,

    κ. τὴν σχολὴν εἰς τοῦτο Dionys.

     Com.4;

    τοῦ ἀρχαίου τι κ.

     misappropriate,

    Test.Epict.8.8

    .
    4 of persons, in bad sense, make away with, destroy, kill, c. acc., Hdt. 1.82, 117, 4.146, al., Plb.1.85.1:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. -χρησθῆναι, ἐδέοντό μιν κ. requested that he might be put to death, Hdt.9.120.
    III pretend, allege, ὡς .. D.43.39; ὅτι .. Id.48.44.
    B [voice] Act. [full] καταχράω only [dialect] Ion., used only in [ per.] 3sg., ἀντὶ λόφου ἡ λοφιὴ κατέχρα the mane sufficed them for a crest, Hdt.7.70; elsewh. impers., it suffices, οὐδέ οἱ καταχρήσει.. ὑμέων ἀπέχεσθαι nor will he be satisfied to keep his hands off you, Id.4.118; ὥς οἱ καταχρᾷ εἰ βούλονται that it is sufficient for him, if.., Id.1.164; καταχρήσει it will suffice, Phoen.2.21.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταχορχρέομαι

  • 18 λαμβάνω

    λαμβάνω, [tense] fut. λήψομαι ( λήψω only late, v.l. in LXX 1 Ma.4.18); [dialect] Ion.
    A

    λάψομαι GDI5497.3

    , al. (Milet., iv/iii B. C.), 5597.11 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), corrupted to λάμψομαι in Mss. of Hdt.1.199; [dialect] Dor.[tense] fut.[ per.] 2sg.

    λαψῇ Epich.34.2

    , Theoc.1.4,10, inf.

    λαμψεῖσθαι PSI9.1091.19

    ; Hellenistic

    λήμψομαι PPar.14.47

     (ii B. C.), CIG4224c (add.) ([place name] Telmessus), 4244 ([place name] Tlos), al.: [tense] aor. 2 ἔλᾰβον, [dialect] Ep.

    ἔλλᾰβον Il.24.170

    , etc.; [dialect] Ion. Iterat.

    λάβεσκον Hes.Fr. 112

    , Hdt.4.78, 130; imper.

    λαβέ Il.1.407

    , etc.; written λάβε in [voice] Med. Ms. of A.Eu. 130, but λαβέ [dialect] Att.acc. to Hdn. Gr.1.431: [tense] pf.

    εἴληφα S.OT 643

    , Ar.Ra. 591 (lyr.), etc. (dub.in Archil. 143); [dialect] Ion., [dialect] Dor., Arc.

    λελάβηκα Hdt.4.79

    , IG42(1).121.68 (Epid., iv B. C.), 5(2).6.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), also Eup.426; inf.

    λελαβήκειν IG 42(1).121.59

     (Epid.), PSI9.1091.7: [tense] plpf.

    εἰλήφειν Th.2.88

    , [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3sg. λελαβήκεε v.l. in Hdt.3.42 ( κατα-); [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf. subj. [ per.] 3sg. ([etym.] παρ-)

    λελόνβῃ GDI5087b1

     ([place name] Crete):—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 2 ἐλαβόμην, [dialect] Ep. ἐλλ-, Od. 5.325, etc.; [dialect] Ep. redupl.

    λελαβέσθαι 4.388

    :—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    ληφθήσομαι S.Ph.68

    , Th.6.91,

    κατα-λελήψομαι Aristid.Or.54p.677D.

    : [tense] aor.

    ἐλήφθην Ar.Eq. 101

    , etc.; [dialect] Ion.

    ἐλάφθην SIG58.8

     (Milet., v B. C.), ( κατ-) GDI5532.7 ([place name] Zeleia),

    ἐλάμφθην Hdt.2.89

    , 6.92, 7.239 (- λάφθ- by erasure in cod. B); Hellenistic

    ἐλήμφθην IG14.1320

    , Ev.Marc. 16.19 (ἀν-); [dialect] Dor.

    ἐλάφθην Archim.Aren.1.13

    : [tense] pf.

    εἴλημμαι D.24.49

    , Ar.Pl. 455; but in Trag.usu. λέλημμαι, A.Ag. 876, E. Ion 1113, IA 363 (troch.), Cyc. 433, cf. Ar.Ec. 1090 ( δια-); so later προ-λέληπτε (sic) Supp.Epigr.2.769 ([place name] Dura); [dialect] Ion. λέλαμμαι ( ἀπο-) Hdt.9.51, ( δια-) 3.117; inf.

    ἀνα-λελάφθαι Hp.Off.11

     (acc. to many codd., Hsch.and Erot., - λελάμφθαι vulg.); [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3pl.

    λελήφαται An.Ox.1.268

    ; [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf.imper.

    λελάφθω Archim. Con.Sph.3

    , al.:—in the [tense] fut., [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. the a is short by nature in [dialect] Ion., prob. long in [dialect] Dor. and in Doricized Hellenistic forms such as

    λαμψοῦνται Test.Epict.5.14

    ,

    λάμψεσθαι IG5(1).1390.67

     (Andania, i B. C.); it is marked long in [dialect] Aeol.

    λᾱμψεται Alc.Supp.5.9

    :—of these tenses Hom. uses only [tense] aor. [voice] Act., and [tense] aor.[voice] Med. twice (v. supr.); the Homeric [tense] pres. is λάζομαι. —The word has two main senses, one (more active) take; the other (more passive) receive:
    I take,
    1 take hold of, grasp, seize,

    μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία Od.6.81

    : freq. with χειρί or χερσί added,

    χειρὶ χεῖρα λαβόντες Il.21.286

    ;

    χερμάδιον λάβε χειρί 5.302

    ;

    χείρεσσι λαβὼν περιμήκεα κοντόν Od.9.487

    ;

    ἐν χείρεσσι λάβ' ἡνία Il.8.116

    ;

    ἐν χεροῖν λ. S.OT 913

    ;

    διὰ χερῶν λαβών Id.Ant. 916

    ;

    ἐς χέρας E.Hec. 1242

    ;

    ἐν ἀγκάλαις A.Supp. 481

    , etc.; of an eagle,

    λ. ἄγραν ποσίν Pi.N.3.81

    : c.acc. of the thing seized,

    λ. γούνατα Il.24.465

    ; but also c. acc. of whole, gen. of part seized, τὴν πτέρυγος λάβεν caught her by the wing, 2.316;

    τὸν δὲ πεσόντα ποδῶν ἔλαβε 4.463

    ;

    γούνων λαβὼν κούρην Od. 6.142

    ;

    λ. τινὰ τῆς ζώνης X.An.1.6.10

    , etc.: sts. c. gen. only, ἀγκὰς ἀλλήλων λαβέτην χερσί they took hold of one another with their arms, Il.23.711:—freq. in [voice] Med., v. infr. B.
    b take by violence, carry off as prize or booty, Il.5.273, 8.191, Hdt.4.130, S.Ph.68 ([voice] Pass.), 1431, etc.; capture a city, Plb.1.24.11, 3.61.8;

    ἐκ πόλιος.. ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα Od.9.41

    ; of lions,

    λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσιν Il.11.114

    ;

    ἵνα δαῖτα λάβῃσιν 24.43

    ; of an eagle, 17.678; of a dolphin, 21.24.
    c λ. δίκην take, exact punishment, Lys.1.29,34, Isoc.4.181;

    ποινάς E.Tr. 360

    , etc. (rarely for δοῦναι δίκην, v.infr.11.1 e);

    λ. τιμωρίαν D.18.280

    .
    2 of passions, feelings, etc., seize,

    μένος ἔλλαβε θυμόν Il.23.468

    ;

    Ἀτρεΐωνα.. χόλος λάβεν 1.387

    ;

    ὁππότε κέν μιν γυῖα λάβῃ κάματος 4.230

    ;

    τὸν δὲ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα 24.170

    , al.;

    δὴν δέ μιν ἀμφασίη ἐπέων λάβε Od.4.704

    ;

    τοὺς Ἀθηναίους θάρσος ἔλαβε Th.2.92

    ;

    ἄχος X.Cyr. 5.5.6

    ;

    δέος Pl.Lg. 699c

    ; ἐπειδὴ καιρὸς ἐλάμβανε when the occasion came to them, i.e. occurred, Th.2.34, D.C.44.19; of fevers and sudden illnesses, attack, Hp.Morb.1.19, Th.2.49, Ar.Ec. 417, etc. (cf. λάζομαι, λῆψις):—[voice] Pass., λαμβάνεσθαι νόσῳ, ὑπὸ [νόσου], S.Tr. 446, Hdt.1.138;

    ἔρωτι X.Cyr.6.1.31

    , etc. (reversely of the person, λ. θυμόν, etc., v. infr.11.3).
    b of a deity, seize, possess, τινα Hdt.4.79:—[voice] Pass.,

    τῇ Ῥέᾳ λαμβάνονται Luc.Nigr.37

    .
    c of darkness, etc., occupy, possess,

    εὖτ' ἂν κνέφας τεμενος αἰθέρος λάβῃ A.Pers. 365

    .
    3 catch, overtake, as an enemy, Il.5.159, 11.106, 126, etc.;

    λ. τινὰ στείχοντα θύραζε Od.9.418

    ;

    ζῶντες ἐλάμφθησαν Hdt.9.119

    ; simply, find, come upon, S.OT 1031, E. Ion 1339.
    4 catch, find out, detect, Hdt.2.89 ([voice] Pass.); ποίῳ λαβών σε Ζεὺς ἐπ' αἰτιάματι; A.Pr. 196;

    τὸν αὐτόχειρα τοῦ φόνου λ. S.OT 266

    : freq. c. part., κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον ib. 461;

    κλέπτοντα Κλέωνα λάβοιμι Ar.V. 759

    ;

    λ. τινὰ ψευδόμενον Pl.R. 389d

    ;

    τοῦτον ὑβρίζοντα λαβόντες D.21.97

    : with Adj.,

    ὅπως μὴ λήψομαί σε προπετῆ Men.Epit. 570

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    δρῶσ' ἐλήφθης S.Tr. 808

    ;

    ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ δεινὰ δρῶντ' εἰλημμένω Ar.Pl. 455

    ;

    ληφθεῖσαν ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ μηχανωμένην τι Antipho 1.3

    ;

    ἐλήφθη μοιχός Lys.13.66

    : in good sense,

    οὐκ ἂν λάβοις μου μᾶλλον οὐδέν' εὐσεβῆ S.Ph. 1051

    .
    5 λ. τινὰ πίστι καὶ ὁρκίοισι bind him by.., Hdt.3.74;

    ἀραῖον λαβεῖν τινα S.OT 276

     codd.
    6 c. dupl. acc., take as, λαβὼν πρόβλημα σαυτοῦ παῖδα τόνδ' Id.Ph. 1007; ξυμπαραστάτην λ. τινά ib. 675;

    τοὺς Ἕλληνας λ. συναγωνιζομένους Isoc.5.86

    .
    7 τὴν Ἴδην λαβὼν ἐς ἀριστερὴν χεῖρα taking, keeping Ida to your left (nisi leg. λαβών, ἐς ..) Hdt.7.42;

    ἐν δεξιᾷ λ. τὴν Σικελίαν Th.7.1

    ; λ. τὸ στρατόπεδον κατὰ νώτου take in rear, i.e. be behind, Hdt.1.75; cf.

    ἀπείργω 11.2

    , ἔχω (A) A.1.7.
    8 λ. Ἑλληνίδα ἐσθῆτα assume it, Id.4.78, cf. 2.37;

    λ. ζυγόν Pi.P.2.93

    .
    b take food or drugs, Diocl.Frr. 121 ([voice] Pass.), 140, Sor.1.125, Gal.15.469.
    9 apprehend by the senses,

    ὄμμασιν θέαν S. Ph. 537

    , cf. 656; πρόσφθεγμά τινος ib. 234;

    ὁρᾶται, ἢ ἄλλῃ τινὶ αἰσθήσει λαμβάνεται Pl.R. 524d

    .
    b apprehend with the mind, understand,

    φρενὶ λ. τὸν λόγον Hdt.9.10

    ;

    νόῳ Id.3.41

    ;

    τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl. Prm. 143a

    ;

    λ. ἐν ταῖς γνώμαις βεβαίως X.Cyr.3.3.51

    ;

    ἐν νῷ Plb.2.35.6

    : abs.,

    λ. τὴν ἀλήθειαν Antipho 1.6

    ;

    μνήμην παρὰ τῆς φήμης λ. Lys.2.3

    , cf. Pl.Phdr. 246d, etc.
    c with Adv. added, take, i.e. understand in a certain manner,

    ταύτῃ ταῦτα ἐλάμβανον Hdt.7.142

    ;

    λάβετε [τοὺς λόγους] μὴ πολεμίως Th.4.17

    ; τὸ πρᾶγμα μειζόνως ἐλάμβανον took it more seriously, Id.6.27, cf. 61;

    ὀρθῶς λ. τὸν φιλοκερδῆ Pl.Hipparch. 227c

    ; λ. τι οὕτω, ὧδε, Arist.SE 174b27, Rh.Al. 1423a4;

    ὀργῇ καὶ φόβῳ τὸ γεγονὸς λ. Plu.Alc.18

    : with παρά c.acc., λαμβάνω σε παρὰ βουκόλον .. PMag.Par.1.2434:—[voice] Pass., τρίτου καθεστῶσαι ἐπὶ πρώτου λαμβάνονται are used for the first person, A.D.Pron.78.22; with ἐς, εἰ ἐς κόρην λαμβάνοιτο be taken for a girl, Philostr.Im.2.32: less freq. c. dupl. acc., ὡς μεθυστικὰς λ. [τὰς ἁρμονίας] Arist.Pol. 1342b25, cf. S.E.P.1.179;

    τῆς νίκης ἆθλον τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τῆς πολιτείας λ. Arist.Pol. 1296a31

    ;

    τοῦτο λ. γιγνόμενον Id.Mete. 346a7

    ; also

    λ. περί τινος τί ἐστι Id.EN 1142a32

    , cf. 1140a24, al.: also c. inf.,

    λ. τι εἶναί τι Id.Mete. 389a29

    , al.: with a relat. clause, οὕτω δεῖ λαμβάνειν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὅτι .. Id.Metaph. 1053a27, cf. Str.2.5.1;

    εἰλήφθω ὁ ἄδικος ποσαχῶς λέγεται Arist.EN 1129a31

    : in bad sense,

    πρὸς δέους λ. τι Plu.Flam.7

    ;

    πρὸς ἀτιμίας Id.Cic.13

    ;

    λ. δι' οἴκτου E. Supp. 194

    ; but also ἐν χάριτι καὶ δωρεᾷ λ. receive as a favour, Plb.1.31.6.
    d in Logic, assume, take for granted,

    ἅπαν ζῷον λαμβάνει ἢ θνητὸν ἢ ἀθάνατον Arist.APr. 46b6

    ; λ. τὰς περὶ ἕκαστον ἀρχάς ib. 53a2, etc.:—[voice] Pass., τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ληφθέντα ib. 26b30; αἱ εἰλημμέναι προτάσεις ib. 33a15, cf. Phld.Rh.2.46 S., Sign.35, Oec.p.5 J., S.E.P.2.89.
    e take, i.e. determine, estimate,

    τὴν ξυμμέτρησιν τῶν κλιμάκων Th.3.20

    ;

    ἐντεῦθεν τὸ μέγεθος τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων Lycurg.66

    ;

    τὴν τιμωρίαν ποθεινοτέραν λ. Th.2.42

    .
    10 take in hand, undertake (cf. ληπτέον) , λ. τι ἐπὶ τὸ σωφρονέστερον, opp. συνταχύνειν, Hdt.3.71; μηδένα πόνον λαβόντες without taking any trouble, Id.7.24;

    παλαισμάτων λ. φροντίδα Pi.N.10.22

    .
    11 take in, hold, τὸ στρατόπεδον πεζοὺς λ. περὶ τετρακισχιλίους Plb.3.107.10.
    12 part. λαβών freq. seems pleonastic, but adds dramatic effect, λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρα took and kissed, Od.24.398, cf. Il.21.36: so in Trag. and Com., τί μ' οὐ λαβὼν ἔκτεινας; S.OT 1391, cf. 641;

    τῆ νῦν τόδε πῖθι λαβών Cratin.141

    , etc.
    b ingressive of ἔχων ( ἔχω (A) A.1.6),

    ἑτάρους τε λ. καὶ νῆα.. ἦλθον Od. 15.269

    , cf. S.Tr. 259.
    1 have given one, get, receive, prop. of things (AB 106),

    ἄποινα Il.6.427

    ;

    τὰ πρῶτα 23.275

    ;

    ἀντίποινα S.El. 592

    , v. infr.e;

    παρὰ βασιλέος δῶρα Hdt.8.10

    , cf. Ar. Eq. 439;

    πρός τινος S.El.12

    , etc.;

    ἀπὸ τῶν συκοφαντῶν X.Mem.2.9.4

    ; gain, win,

    κλέος Od.1.298

    , S.Ph. 1347, etc.;

    ἀρετάν Pi.O.8.6

    ;

    κόσμον Id.N.3.31

     codd. (v.l. ἔλαχες Sch.);

    ἀλκήν S.OT 218

    , etc.; πρὸς τὸ μνηστεύεσθαι λ. ἡλικίαν attain.., Isoc.10.39;

    λ. νόστον E.IT 1016

    , etc.;

    λ. τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θαλάττης Isoc.5.61

    ;

    μοναρχίαν S.Ant. 1163

    ;

    τέρψιν Id.Tr. 820

    ;

    χάριν Id.OT 1004

    ;

    κέρδος Ar.Ach. 906

    : also in bad sense,

    λ. ὀνείδη S.OT 1494

    ;

    συμφοράν E.Med.43

    ;

    θάνατον Id.Hel. 201

     (lyr.); γέλωτα μωρίαν τε incur.., Id. Ion 600;

    αἰτίαν ἀπό τινος Th.2.18

    , etc.:—for λ. θυμόν, etc., v. supr.1.2 et infr. 3.
    b receive hospitably, Od.7.255, cf. S.OC 284 ([etym.] ἔλαβες τὸν ἱκέτην ἐχέγγυον) which approaches this sense; καλῶς λ. τινά treat well, BGU843.10 (i/ii A. D.).
    c receive in marriage, Hdt.1.199, 9.108, E.Fr.953.27, X. HG4.1.14, Isoc.10.39, PEleph.1.2 (iv B. C.), Men.Pk. 436; τοῖς λαμβάνουσιν ἐξ αὐτῶν, i.e. those who married their daughters, SIG1044.14 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.); also of the father taking a daughter-in-law,

    τῷ υἱῷ λ. τινά Men.Pk. 447

    .
    d λ. ὄνομα, ἐπωνυμίαν, receive a name, Pl. Plt. 305d, Smp. 173d.
    e λ. δίκην receive, i.e. suffer, punishment, Hdt.1.115; τὴν ἀξίην λ. get one's deserts, Id.7.39;

    δίκην γὰρ ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανεν E.Ba. 1312

    ;

    λ. ζημίας D.11.11

    .
    f λ. ὅρκον receive an oath, Arist. Rh. 1377a8;

    λ. πιστά X.An.3.2.5

    , al.; λ. λόγον demand an account, τινος for a thing, παρά τινος from a person, Id.Cyr.1.4.3, D.8.47.
    g λ. ἐν γαστρί conceive, Hp.Prorrh.2.24; κῦμα λ., of the earth, A.Ch. 128.
    h receive as produce, profit, etc.,

    οἶνον ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου Ar.Nu. 1123

    ; [

    χρήματα] ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς Pl.R. 347b

    ; λ. ἑκατὸν τῆς δραχμῆς, ὀβολοῦ, purchase for.., Ar. Pax 1263, Ra. 1235, cf. Nu. 1395; πόθεν ἄν τις τοῦτο τὸ χρῖμα λάβοι; X.Smp.2.4.
    i λ. πεῖράν τινος, v. πεῖρα.
    3 of persons conceiving feelings and the like , λ. θυμόν take heart, Od. 10.461: freq. in periphrasis, λ. φόβον, = φοβεῖσθαι, S.OC 729; αἰδῶ λ., = αἰδεῖσθαι, Id.Aj. 345; λ. ὀργήν, = ὀργίζεσθαι, E.Supp. 1050: so generally λ. ἀρχήν, = ἄρχεσθαι, Id.IA 1124; λ. ὕψος, ἐπίδοσιν, αὔξησιν, = ὑψοῦσθαι, ἐπιδιδόναι, αὐξάνεσθαι, Th.1.91, Isoc.4.10, Arist.GA 732b5, etc.;

    λ. κακόν τι Ar.Nu. 1310

    ; λ. νόσον take a disease, Pl.R. 610d; λ. μορφήν, τέλος, etc., Arist.GA 762a13, 744a21, etc.; αἱ οἰκίαι ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουσαι receiving battlements, having battlements added, Th.4.69, cf. 115.
    4 c. inf., receive permission to.., SIG996.6 (Smyrna, i A. D.).
    B [voice] Med., take hold of, lay hold on, c. gen., [ σχεδίης] Od.5.325; τῆς κεφαλῆς, τῶν γουνάτων, Hdt.4.64, 9.76;

    χειρός E.Med. 899

    , etc.;

    τοῦ βωμοῦ And.1.126

    , etc.: c. dupl.gen.,

    μου λαβόμενος τῆς χειρός Pl. Chrm. 153b

    .
    2 seize and keep hold of, obtain possession of,

    ἀρχῆς S.OC 373

    ; καιροῦ λαβόμενος seizing the opportunity, Is.2.28;

    λ. ἀληθείας Pl.Plt. 309d

    : rarely c. acc.,

    τόν.. λελαβέσθαι Od.4.388

    .
    4 of place, λ. τῶν ὀρῶν take to the mountains, Th.3.24, cf. 106; Δήλου λαβόμεναι (sc. αἱ νῆες) reaching Delos, Id.8.80.
    5 find fault with, censure, τινος Pl.Lg. 637c, Philostr.VA4.22.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαμβάνω

  • 19 νοέω

    νο-έω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] νόημι (q.v.): [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. 1
    A

    νόησα Il.8.91

    ; [dialect] Ion. ἔνωσα ([etym.] ἐν-) Hdt. 1.86: [tense] pf. νενόηκα, [dialect] Ion. νένωκα ([etym.] ἐν-) Id.3.6; imper. νενόηθι Hilgard Excerpta e libris Herodiani 30:—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor.

    νοήσατο Il.10.501

    ; part.

    νοησάμενος Alc.Supp.7.6

    ,

    νωσάμενος Thgn.1298

    , Theoc.25.263, Call.Fr. 345, etc.:—[voice] Pass. (mostly in med. sense), [tense] fut.

    νοηθήσομαι S.E.P.2.175

    , Gal.UP17.1: [tense] aor.

    ἐνοήθην Pl.Lg. 692c

    ; also [dialect] Ion. ([etym.] ἐπ-) Hdt.3.122, 6.115: [tense] pf. νενόημαι, [dialect] Ion.

    νένωμαι Anacr.10

    , Hdt.9.53, S.Fr. 182, Aëthlius 4: [ per.] 3sg. [tense] plpf. ἐνένωτο (in med. sense) Hdt.1.77. Hdn.Gr.2.253 cites νοῦνται from Democr. (v. infr.) and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. νένοται. —The compds. with ἀπό, διά, ἐν, ἐπί, μετά, πρό are used chiefly in [voice] Med.:—perceive by the eyes, observe (

    οἱ ἀρχαῖοι τὸ ν. σωματικὸν.. ὑπολαμβάνουσιν Arist. de An. 427a26

    ), Il.3.396; ὀξὺ ν. ib. 374, Hes. Th. 838, etc.; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ν., Il.15.422, 24.294.
    2 perceive by the mind, apprehend,

    τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ἐνόησε 11.599

    ;

    οὐ.. ἴδον οὐδ' ἐνόησα Od.13.318

    , cf. Il.10.550, 24.337, etc.;

    ἡ δ' οὔτ' ἀθρῆσαι δύνατ' ἀντίη οὔτε νοῆσαι Od.19.478

    ; ἢ λάθετ' ἢ οὐκ ἐνόησεν or did not take notice, Il.9.537, cf. 5.665; νοέεις δὲ καὶ αὐτός thou thyself art aware of it, Od.21.257;

    θυμῷ νοέω καὶ οἶδα ἕκαστα 18.228

    ;

    ν. τῇ καρδίᾳ LXX Is.44.18

    ; πρὸ ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν one perceives before the other, Il.10.224: abs.,

    [θεὸς] οὖλος ὁρᾷ, οὖλος δὲ νοεῖ, οὖλος δὲ τ' ἀκούει Xenoph.24

    ;

    ταὐτὸν δ' ἐστὶ νοεῖν τε καὶ οὕνεκέν ἐστι νόημα Parm.8.34

    : freq. in Philos., of thought,

    μάλιστα ἔοικεν ἴδιον [ψυχῆς] τὸ ν. Arist.de An. 403a8

    ;

    ἔοικε δὴ τὸ ζῆν εἶναι κυρίως τὸ αἰσθάνεσθαι ἢ ν. Id.EN 1170a19

    , cf. 1166a22;

    καλῶς ν. καὶ λέγειν καὶ πράττειν X.Cyn.1.18

    : also with part. added,

    ὡς ἐνόησεν ἔμ' ἥμενον Od.10.375

    ; of a future event,

    νοέω κακὸν ὔμμιν ἐρχόμενον 20.367

    : c. inf.,

    οὐκ ἐνόησα ἄψορρον καταβῆναι 11.62

    ;

    πίστει νοοῦμεν κατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας Ep.Hebr.11.3

    : folld. by ὡς .., Od.22.32, cf. Pl.Epin. 977c;

    νόει θ' ᾗ δῆλον ἕκαστον Emp.4.13

    :—[voice] Med.,

    νωσάμενος Thgn.1298

    ;

    νοούμενος S.OT 1487

    :—[voice] Pass., to be apprehended by thought,

    τὰς ἰδέας νοεῖσθαι μὲν ὁρᾶσθαι δ' οὔ Pl.R. 507b

    ; τὰ νοούμενα, opp. τὰ αἰσθητά, ib. 508c;

    τὰ ἀόρατα τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα Ep.Rom.1.20

    .
    3 think, consider, reflect, φρεσὶ ν. ἔνθ' εἴην ἢ ἔνθα" Il.15.81;

    μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι νόησον Αἰνείαν, ἤ κέν μιν ἐρύσσεαι ἦ κεν ἐάσῃς 20.311

    ; οὐδ' ἐνόησε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν ὡς .. ib. 264; ἐπ' ἀμφότερα ν. look to both sides, Hdt.8.22: c. acc. cogn., ἄλλα νοέειν to be other wise minded, Id.7.168; also

    εἰπὲ δ' ᾗ νοεῖς S.Tr. 1135

    , cf. El. 1435: part. νοέων, έουσα, wary, discreet, Il.1.577;

    τὴν μέν κεν ἐπαινέσσειε νοήσας Hes.Op.12

    , cf. Od.15.170; τὰ νοέων λέγει what he says advisedly, Hdt.8.102; νοῶν καὶ φρονῶν sane and in his right mind, in wills, Test.Epict.1.1, PPetr.3p.4 (iii B.C.), etc.:— in [voice] Med.,

    φρενὶ θεῖα νοῦνται Democr.129

    ;

    ὑψηλὰ νενωμένος Anacr. 10

    .
    4 consider, deem, presume to be so and so,

    ὡς μηκέτ' ὄντα κεῖνον.. νόει S.Ph. 415

    ; τόδε γὰρ νοῶ κράτιστον ib. 1176;

    δεῖ ν. συνεχῆ τὰ ἔνοπτρα Arist.Mete. 373a19

    : c. inf., δεῖ νοῆσαι τὸ μὲν ὑγρὸν εἶναι ib. 340b24, etc.; cf. νοητέον.
    II think out, devise, conceive τοῦτό γ’ ἐναίσιμον οὐκ ἐνόησε Od.2.122; ἔνθ' αὖτ' ἄλλ' ἐνόησε θεά ib. 382; ἄλλα μὲν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ σῇσι νοήσεις, ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται 3.26;

    οὐ γάρ τις νόον ἄλλος ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοήσει Il.9.104

    : freq. with neut. pl. Adj.,

    πεπνυμένα πάντα νοῆσαι Od.18.230

    ; ἄνδρων πλεῖστα νοησάμενος most cunning of men, of Sisyphus, Alc.Supp.7.6;

    ὀρθὰ ν. Hdt. 8.3

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    ἐνθύμημα νενοημένον οὐκ ἀτόπως D.H.Th.37

    .
    2 purpose, intend,

    ἐσθλά τινι Hes.Op. 286

    ;

    κακόν τινι Hdt.3.81

    , cf. X.Hier. 1.15.
    III c. inf., to be minded, intend, οὐδ' ἐνόησε ἐξερύσαι δόρυ bethought himself, Il.5.665; νοέω φρεσὶ τιμήςu σθαι 22.235;

    νοέω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς Ἕκτορά τοι λῦσαι 24.560

    ; ἦ γὰρ νοεῖς θάπτειν σφε; S.Ant.44, cf. 770, El. 389, etc.:—[voice] Med., once in Hom., μάστιγα.. νοήσατο χερσἰν ἑλέσθαι he thought with himself to take the scourge, Il.10.501; ἐνέ- νωτο στρατεύειν he was minded to march, Hdt.1.77, cf. 7.206, 9.53.
    IV of words, bear a certain sense, mean,

    πυθοίμεθ' ἂν τὸν χρησμὸν ὅ τι νοεῖ Ar.Pl.55

    , cf. Nu. 1186, Pl.Cra. 407e; [εἰ] τοῦτο.. νοεῖ αὐτῷ if this means for him that.., Id.R. 335e; also

    ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐθέλω τὸ νυνί μοι συμβεβηκὸς τί ποτε νοεῖ Id.Ap. 40a

    ; τὸ νοούμενον the sense, meaning, Phld.Po.Herc.991.4, al.—Not in Th. or Oratt.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > νοέω

  • 20 πεῖρα

    πεῖρα, ας ([dialect] Ion. πεῖρα, acc. πεῖραν, gen. -ης), [dialect] Aeol. [full] πέρρα Choerob. in An. Ox. 2.252: ἡ:—
    A trial, attempt,

    π. τοι μαθήσιος ἀρχά Alcm.63

     ; opp. δόξα, Thgn.571 ;

    πείρᾳ δ' οὐ προσωμίλησά πω S.Tr. 591

     ;

    πικρὰν πεῖραν τολμήσειν Id.El. 471

     ;

    πείρᾳ σφαλῆναι Th. 1.70

     ; ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ π. Id.3.3 ;

    πείρᾳ θην πάντα τελεῖται Theoc. 15.62

     ; πεῖραν ἔχοντες being proved, Pi. N. 4.76 ; but πεῖραν ἔχειν τινός to have experience of.., X. Cyr.4.1.5 ; π. τινῶν ἔχειν ὅτι .. Id.An. 3.2.16 ; π. ἔχει τῆς γνώμης involves a trial of your resolution, Th. 1.140 ; πεῖράν τινος λαμβάνειν or λαβεῖν to make trial or proof of.., E. Fr. 691, Isoc. 12.236, Pl. Grg. 448a, X. An.6.6.33, etc. ; also, gain experience of.., ἐν ἑαυτῷ ib. 5.8.15 ;

    π. λ. τινός, ὅπως ἔχει Pl. Prt. 342a

     ;

    π. λ. τινός, εἰ ἄρα τι λέγει Id.Thg. 129d

     ; πεῖράν τινος διδόναι (cf. Lat. specimen sui edere) Darei Epist. in SIG 22.21, Th. 1.138, Isoc. 3.45 ;

    π. τῆς δόξης δοῦναι Th. 6.11

     ;

    π. ἔργῳ δεδωκέναι D.18.107

    , cf. 195 ;

    π. ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες καὶ διδόντες Pl. Prt. 348a

     ;

    πεῖραν ποιήσασθαι Th. 1.53

     ; π. ποιεῖσθαι εἰ .. Id.2.20 ;

    ταῖς π. βασανίζειν Arist. GA 747a3

     ;

    πεῖραν καθεῖναι Ael. VH2.13

    , cf. NA1.39 ; π. δέξασθαι undertake, Plu.Pyrrh. 5.
    2 with Preps., ἀπὸ πείρης by experiment, opp. αὐτόματον, Hdt.7.9.

    γ ; διὰ πείρας ἰέναι Pl. Ax. 369a

    ;

    διὰ π. ἔργων ἐλήλυθε Onos. Praef. 7

     ; ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι διὰ τῆς π. Arist. Pol. 1341a37 ;

    ἐς πεῖραν ἤλθομεν φίλων E. Heracl. 309

    , etc. ; ἰέναι ἐς τὴν π. τοῦ ναυτικοῦ try an action by sea, Th. 7.21 ; ἀκοῆς κρείσσων ἐς π. ἔρχεται turns out on trial greater than report, Id.2.41 ;

    ἐκ τῆς π. δῆλον Arist. Pr. 938b38

     ; Κύρου ἐν πείρᾳ γενέσθαι to have been acquainted with Cyrus, X. An. 1.9.1 ;

    ἐν π. τέλος διαφαίνεται Pi. N. 3.70

     ; ἐπὶ πείρᾳ by way of test or trial, Ar. Av. 583 ; ἐπὶ π. δούς on trial, Men. 118 ; π. θανάτου πέρι καὶ ζωᾶς a contest for.., Pi.N. 9.28.
    II attempt on or against one, πεῖράν τιν' ἐχθρῶν ἁρπάσαι a means of attacking.., S. Aj. 2 ;

    τοιοῦδε φωτὸς π. εὖ φυλακτέον A. Th. 499

     ; esp. attempt to seduce a woman, Plu. Thes. 26, Cim. 1 : abs., attempt, enterprise, A. Pers. 719 (troch.), Th. 3.20 ; πεῖραν ἀφορμᾶν to go forth upon an enterprise, S. Aj. 290 ; cf. πειρατής. (Cf. Lat. experior, peritus.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πεῖρα

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