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1 πρόχειρος
A at hand, Hp.Art.11; π. ψάλια (v.l. ψέλια) δέρκεσθαι πάρα ready, A.Pr.54; π. ἄχθος a handy burden, S.El. 1116; of a drawn sword or knife, Id.Ph. 747, E.Hel. 1564, El. 696, X.Cyr.4.2.32;ἔβαλλον λίθοις καὶ.. ἀκοντίοις, ὡς ἕκαστός τι π. εἶχεν Th.4.34
; ἁρπάζει μου ἀεὶ τὸ π. τῶν σκευῶν whatever furniture he can lay his hands on, PEnteux. 25.8 (iii B.C.); [τὴν ἐπιστήμην] π. οὐκ εἶχε τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl.Tht. 198d
;οὓς π. εἶχον μύθους Id.Phd. 61b
; τὰ κατὰ πάντων τῶν φιλοσοφούντων π. Id.Ap. 23d;εἰ οὖν σοι πρόχειρον, εἰπέ Id.Min. 313b
;ἔστι τις π. λόγος D.20.112
;ὃ ἔχω προχειρότατον εἰπεῖν Id.24.1
;τὸ προχειρότατον ποιεῖν Isoc.11.9
; τὰ π. τῶν ἀπόρων obvious difficulties, Arist. Metaph. 982b13, cf. 1054b12;τὰ προχειρότατα Id.Pr. 924a12
, cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1012.35; ταῦτα γὰρ ὦν ἐστι προχειρότερον (sc. εὔξασθαι) Xenoph.1.16.b readily accessible, external parts of the body, Sor.1.17,69: [comp] Comp., Id.2.64,85.b πρὸς τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ καὶ τοῖς π., official title in Egypt, Sammelb. 7455 (i B.C.), BGU1756.8 (i B.C.), al.3 πρόχειρόν [ἐστι] it is easy, c. inf., Pl. Sph. 251b, Philem.24;ψεύδεσθαι προχειρότατον τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Lys. Fr.86
; ἐν προχείρῳ [ἐστί], c. inf., Arist.Mete. 356b19; ἐκ προχείρου easily, lightly, S.E.M.6.19, Gal.1.241.II of persons, ready to do, c. inf., S.El. 1494; τῇ φυγῇ π. ready for flight, E.HF 161; alsoἡ σπάνις π. εἰς τὸ δρᾶν κακά Philem.157
;π. γλῶττα Poll.6.120
.2 of a ready wit, ἐν ταῖς ὁμιλίαις εὔχαρις καὶ π. Plb.23.5.7; glib, Phld. Po.5.14; τὸ προπετὲς καὶ π. Hp.Medic.1.3 hasty, σφοδρὸς καὶ π. Plu.Brut.34;πνεῦμα οἷον τοῖσι πνιγομένοισι πρόχειρον Hp.Prorrh. 1.25
(unless perceptible, obvious breathing, cf.πρὸς χεῖρα Epid.7.17
).III Adv. - ρως offhand, readily,ἀποκρίνασθαι Pl.Smp. 204d
;περί τι π. ἔχειν Arist.Top. 163b25
;π. εἰς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα ἐξαμαρτάνοντες Aeschin.1.22
; ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα ὁρμᾶν π. Amphis 33.7; hurriedly, rashly, Theopomp.Hist.217 (a), Plb.5.7.2; bluntly, ; ordinarily or obviously,δηλούσης Phld.Rh. 2.268
S. [comp] Comp.- οτέρως Pl.Alc.2.144d
;- ότερον τοῦ δέοντος Plb.1.21.5
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόχειρος
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2 ἐπι[πόλ]αιος
ἐπι[πόλ]-αιος, ον,A on the surface, superficial, Hp.Art.69 ([comp] Comp.);ῥίζα Dsc.4.184
, cf.Thphr. HP3.6.4 ([comp] Sup.), al.;λεπτὸν καὶ ἐ. δέρμα Arist.Pr. 890a13
;τραῦμα Luc.Nav.37
.3. metaph., superficial, shallow, commonplace,παιδεία Isoc.15.190
;ἐ. ἡδοναὶ καὶ διατριβαί D.61.56
; ἐ.πιθανότης Dsc.Ther.Praef.
; - ότατος πυρετός slight fever, Diocl.Fr. 107; ἐ. ὕπνος light sleep, Luc.Gall.25;ἔρως Id.DMeretr.8.2
; ἐπιστήμης .. φύσις (compared to a well)οὐκ ἐ. ἀλλὰ πάνυ βαθεῖα Ph.1.621
.b. on the surface, manifest: hence, obvious, ἐ. λέγομεν τὰπαντὶ δῆλα Arist.Rh. 1410b22
, cf. 1412b25; ; ἡ -οτάτη.. ζήτησις the most obvious method of inquiry, Id.Pol. 1276a19; ἐπιπόλαιον τὸ ψεῦδος ib. 1282b30.II. Adv. - ως on the surface,τιτρώσκειν J.BJ3.7.22
.2. slightly, Hp. Aph.2.28; superficially, Arist.Metaph. 987a22: [comp] Comp. - οτέρως ib. 993b13.IV. ἐπιπόλαια χρήματα, = ἔπιπλα, Leg.Gort.5.41, cf. GDI5016.15 ([place name] Gortyn).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπι[πόλ]αιος
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3 θρῦλος
θρῦλος, θρύλλοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `murmer' (Batr., Orph., pap.).Derivatives: Beside it θρυλέω (- λλ-) `boast, brag', also with δια- and other prefixes, (Att.) with πολυ-θρύλ(λ)η-τος `much discussed' (Pl., Plb.), θρύλημα `talking, boast' (LXX); also θρυλίζω `produce a wrong tone on the cithara' (h. Merc. 488; cod. θρυαλ- [metr. better] = θρυλλ- ?) with θρυλισμός, - ιγμός (D. H.).Etymology: While it seems most obvious to assume that θρυλέω was derived from θρῦλος, both the dates and the frequency refute this. Rather θρυλέω was formed after the many (denominative, deverbative or primary) sound-verbs in - έω, e. g. κομπέω, κελαδέω, βομβέω, δουπέω, ῥοιβδέω (Schwyzer 726 w. n. 5), from which the rare and late θρῦλος was a backformation. It seems obvious that θρυλέω had connections with θρέ(Ϝ)ομαι, θόρυβος, τονθορύζω. One suggests that it is a zero grade λ-deriv. of IE dh(e)- reu- (Pok. 255), only this root is badly attested, though there is Gr. θρέομαι. "Ob man durch eine solche rein grammatische Analyse einem Schallausdruck gerecht wird, scheint immerhin etwas fraglich" (Frisk). - The often found notation - λλ- can be an expressive gemination.- Fur. 237, 281 separates the word from the IE forms and connects θόρυβος, with variant *θρυϜ-.Page in Frisk: 1,687-688Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρῦλος
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4 θρύλλος
θρῦλος, θρύλλοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `murmer' (Batr., Orph., pap.).Derivatives: Beside it θρυλέω (- λλ-) `boast, brag', also with δια- and other prefixes, (Att.) with πολυ-θρύλ(λ)η-τος `much discussed' (Pl., Plb.), θρύλημα `talking, boast' (LXX); also θρυλίζω `produce a wrong tone on the cithara' (h. Merc. 488; cod. θρυαλ- [metr. better] = θρυλλ- ?) with θρυλισμός, - ιγμός (D. H.).Etymology: While it seems most obvious to assume that θρυλέω was derived from θρῦλος, both the dates and the frequency refute this. Rather θρυλέω was formed after the many (denominative, deverbative or primary) sound-verbs in - έω, e. g. κομπέω, κελαδέω, βομβέω, δουπέω, ῥοιβδέω (Schwyzer 726 w. n. 5), from which the rare and late θρῦλος was a backformation. It seems obvious that θρυλέω had connections with θρέ(Ϝ)ομαι, θόρυβος, τονθορύζω. One suggests that it is a zero grade λ-deriv. of IE dh(e)- reu- (Pok. 255), only this root is badly attested, though there is Gr. θρέομαι. "Ob man durch eine solche rein grammatische Analyse einem Schallausdruck gerecht wird, scheint immerhin etwas fraglich" (Frisk). - The often found notation - λλ- can be an expressive gemination.- Fur. 237, 281 separates the word from the IE forms and connects θόρυβος, with variant *θρυϜ-.Page in Frisk: 1,687-688Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρύλλος
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5 διάδηλος
-ος,-ον A 1-0-0-0-1=2 Gn 41,21; 3 Mc 2,5οὐ διάδηλοι ἐγένοντο it was not per-ceptible, it was not obvious Gn 41,21→ LSJ RSuppl -
6 διαυγέω
II ἧττον δ. to be less obvious, of a tumour, Antyll. ap. Orib.46.27.4.III [voice] Pass., to be transparent, Gal.7.88, Hsch.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διαυγέω
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7 λαθραῖς
A secret, clandestine,ἄτη λ. A.Ag. 1230
; εἰσδέδεγμαι πημονὴν.. λαθραῖον, of a person, S.Tr. 377; λ. ὃς ἀσκεῖ κακά practises secret frauds, ib. 384, cf. Arist.EN 1131a6; λ. ὠδίς one born in secret child-birth, E. Ion 45;λ. θάνατον ἐπιβουλεύειν τινί And.4.15
;λ. Κύπρις Eub.
l. c.: [comp] Comp.λαθραιότερον, γένος Pl.Lg. 781a
.2 λ. τῆς μητρός clam matre, f.l. for λάθρᾳ in Alciphr.3.27.3 involuntarily,οὖρα.. προϊόντα λ. Hp.Coac. 136
; without obvious cause,λ. τελευτῶσι Id.Prorrh.1.128
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαθραῖς
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8 παράκειμαι
Aπαρεκέσκετο Od.14.521
:—used as [voice] Pass. to παρατίθημι, lie beside or before,ἔτι καὶ παρέκειτο τράπεζα Il.24.476
;ὀϊστόν, ὅ οἱ παρέκειτο τραπέζῃ Od.21.416
, cf. Pherecr. 108.17, Telecl.1.7, etc.;ἡ παρακειμένη τροφή Arist.HA 599a25
: generally, to be at hand, available, ; to be adjacent, c. dat., PTeb.74.56 (ii B. C.): metaph., ὑμῖν παράκειται ἐναντίον ἠὲ μάχεσθαι ἢ φεύγειν the choice is before you, to fight or flee, Od.22.65;ἔρδειν.. ἀμηχανίη παράκειται Thgn.685
; ἅμα παρακεῖσθαι λύπας τε καὶ ἡδονάς lie side by side, Pl. Phlb. 41d: freq. in part., Ἀΐδᾳ παρακείμενος lying at death's door, S. Ph. 861 (lyr.); παρκείμενον τέρας the present marvel, Pi.O.13.73; τὸ παρκείμενον the present, Id.N.3.75;ἱκανὰ τὰ κακὰ καὶ τὰ παρακείμενα Ar.Lys. 1048
;τὰ π. ὕδατα PTeb.61
(b). 132 (ii B. C.); τὰ π., also, dishes on table, Amphis 30.6;κλίνην.. παρακειμένην τε τὴν τράπεζαν Diod.
Com.2.10; ἡ π. πύλη the nearest gate, Plb.7.16.5; ἐν μνήμῃ παρακείμενα things present in memory, Pl.Phlb. 19d; under discussion,λόγος Phld.Sign.16
; obvious, Id.Rh.1.3,6 S.; to be closely connected with, παράκεινται τῇ μαθηματικῇ θεωρίᾳ ἥ τε θεολογικὴ ἐπιστήμη καὶ ἡ φυσική lamb.Comm.Math.28.b in legal phrases, to be attached or appended, of documents, BGU889.15 (ii A. D.); to be noted, scheduled, PTeb.27.7 (ii B. C.); to be preserved in a register or archive, PSI5.454.18 (iv A. D.), etc.3 metaph., lie prostrate, of absolute subjection,π. πρὸ προσώπου σου LXX Ju.3.3
.II in Gramm., etc.:1 to be laid down, mentioned in text-books,τὰ σημεῖα οὐ παράκειται Philum. Ven.29
; simply, to be cited, ἐκ τῶν Θεοφράστου Sch.Ar.Pl. 720.2 ὁ παρακείμενος (sc. χρόνος ) the perfect tense, A.D.Synt.205.15.3 ἀντίφρασίς ἐστι λέξις.. διὰ τοῦ π. τὸ ἐναντίον παριστῶσα, ex adjecto, as when the Furies are called Eumenides, Trypho Trop.2.15, cf. Ps.-Plu. Vit.Hom. 25.4 of words, to be joined by juxtaposition (not composition, cf.παράθεσις 1.2
), A.D.Synt.330.26, al.5 to be interpolated, Gal. 18(1).58.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παράκειμαι
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9 προπίπτω
A fall or throw oneself forward, as in rowing,προπεσόντες ἔρεσσον Od.9.490
, 12.194;π. ἡ κοιλία εἰς τὸ στόμα Arist.HA 507a29
; of suppliants, fall prostrate, E. Supp.63 (lyr.); fall first, in battle, Plb.1.58.8.2 metaph., rush headlong, Hyp.Fr. 161; εἰς ἄκαιρον γέλωτα, εἰς κίνδυνον, D.S.13.83, 20.88; to be precipitate, come to a hasty decision, OGI315.56(Epist.Attali, ii B.C.): c. inf.,π. πλημμελῆσαι M.Ant.1.17
: abs., form a hasty judgement, Stoic term, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.291;π. πρὸ καταλήψεως Stoic.3.147
, cf. Arr.Epict. 2.1.10, etc.; make a slip of the tongue,κἂν-πέσωσιν.. τάχιστα διορθοῦσθαι Phld.Rh.1.186S.
III move forwards, advance before the rest, Plb.1.20.15; οἱ προπίπτοντες, opp. οἱ ἀναχωροῦντες, Id.28.3.4; project, of a hill,προπεπτωκυῖα ὀφρύς Id.7.17.1
; of an animal's snout,ῥύγχη προπέπτωκε Str.17.3.4
;- πεπτωκότες τοῖς μετώποις Id.11.11.8
; τὸ προπῖπτον [τοῦ δόρατος] the projecting part, Ascl.Tact.5.1: c. gen., project beyond,τὰ μέσα.. προπέπτωκε τῶν κεράτων Plb.3.115.7
, etc.;κλῖμαξ π. τῶν ἐμβόλων Id.8.4.4
;ἡ σάρισσα δέκα πήχεις π. πρὸ τῶν σωμάτων Id.18.29.4
;ἡ ἄκρα ἔξω τῶν στηλῶν π. Str.2.5.33
.2 Medic., of prolapse,ἕδρα -πεσοῦσα Dsc.2.164
;μήτρα προπίπτει Sor. 2.84
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προπίπτω
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10 ἔπαθλον
ἔπαθλον, τό,A prize of a contest, mostly in pl., E.Ph.52, etc.;τὰ ἔ. τοῦ πολέμου Plu.Flam.15
; rewards,ἀρετῆς D.S.28.4
, cf. OGI455.3 (Aphrodisias, M.Antonius), Hdn.1.17.11; οὐδ' ἐπὶ σαφέσι τοῖς ἐ. not even if the advantages (of taking an emetic) were obvious, Archig. ap.Orib.8.23.2: also in sg.,δοὺς ἑκάστῳ τὸ ὑπὲρ τῆς φιλοπονίας ἔ. Inscr.Prien.113.31
(i B. C.);προτιθεμένου ἐ. τῷ λύσαντι γαμεῖν τὴν Ἰοκάστην D.S.4.64
;ἔ. πόνων Plu.Cor.23
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11 ὀφθαλμοφανής
ὀφθαλμο-φᾰνής, ές,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀφθαλμοφανής
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12 διάκτορος
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > διάκτορος
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13 ἀρι-δείκετος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `most famous' (Il.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [188] *deiḱ- `show'Etymology: Formerly connected with δηδέχαται (with metrical lengthening for *ἀρι- δέκετος; Schulze Q. 242), but this form is now seen as a form of δείκνυμι, so that ἀριδείκετος must also, as seemed obvious anyhow, derive from this verb \/ root.Page in Frisk: 1,138-139Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρι-δείκετος
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14 ἄρρατος
Grammatical information: adj.Other forms: In Euph. 24 the α is long.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unknown. From *ἀ-Ϝρᾰτ-ος, PIE. *u̯ert- `turn'?, cf. ῥατάναν. Schwyzer RhM 80, 209ff., Sommer Nominalkomp. 86, in which case the length of the α would be incorrect. An analysis - Ϝρα-τος is more obvious.Page in Frisk: 1,151Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρρατος
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15 ἄφενος
Grammatical information: n.Other forms: m. (after πλοῦτος, Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).Compounds: εὐηφενής (Il.; the better attested v. l. εὐηγενής is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμ-αφένης.Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) ἀφνειός (Il.), later ἀφνεός `rich' (Il.). From here retrograde ἄφνος n. (Pi. Fr. 219).Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. ápnas- n. `possessions, riches' (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. ὄμπνη; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as * apsnos). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. happina(nt)- `rich', is remarkable. The postulated verb hap-(zi) is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's h₁op- is impossible ( h₁- disappears in Hittite); but Lat. opulentus \< * op-en-ent- is improbable: - ulentus is a frequent suffix in Latin, and - ant is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of - ulentus (I also doubt the dissmilation n - nt, with t after the second n; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the - en- has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after op-; thus the connection of opulentus with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from *n̥-gʷʰn-o-, parallel to - io- in Skt. ághnyā- `(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed'. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from *n̥gʷʰn-es-o- \> ἀφνεό-, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after σθένος, which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic εὐηφενής). For Greek a root * h₂bʰen- is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form ἀφνεός may be explained following Balles: *h₂bʰnes-ó-, with ablaut as in ἄλγος - ἀλεγεινός (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as *ἀφνεοιο is impossible in the hexameter and *ἀφνεος, -ν etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading *ḫpina- is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have κ-, the φ would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.Page in Frisk: 1,195Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄφενος
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16 ἐπίορκος
ἐπίορκος, - ονOrigin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: As the verb ἐπιορκέω `braek an oath' is frwquent, it is obvious, to consider with Strömberg Prefix Studies 86ff. much rarer ἐπίορκος `braeking the oath' as a backformation from the verb. ἐπιορκέω comes directly from ὅρκος with ἐπι- like ἐπιθυμέω from θυμός, ἐπιχειρέω from χείρ etc.; ἐπιορκέω then is prop. `acte against the oeath' (opposie εὑορκέω `keep the oath' from εὔορκος [since Hes.]); on the maintenance of the - ι- Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 237. - Diff. Leumann Hom. Wörter 79ff. (with discussion): the expression ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσαι `perjure oneself' (from where ἐπιορκέω) would be due to a false analysis of ep. ἐπὶ ὅρκον ὀμόσσαι `make an oathe on it'; against this view W. Luther Weltansicht und Geistesleben (Göttingen 1954) 86ff. with another explanation; s. alsi Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 373 and Bolling AmJPh 76, 306ff., who with Schwyzer IF 45, 255 start from (ὁ) ἐπὶ ὅρκῳ ( βάς). Leumann 88 too is inclined to see ἐπίορκος as a backformation from ἐπιορκέω.See also: s. ὅρκοςPage in Frisk: 1,538-539Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπίορκος
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17 ἐπιούσιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: of ἄρτος (Ev. Matt. 6, 11, Ev. Luk. 11, 3), in the Vulg. translated with `quotidianus', is translated as `daily'; also ἐπιουσι[ων ( Sammelb. 5224, 20; economic message), meaning unknown.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: The most obvious interprettion as ἡ ἐπιοῦσα ( ηΏμέρα) suggests `for the coming day'; but this seems materially improbable. If we start (with Debrunner Glotta 4, 249ff.) from ἐπι την οὖσαν ( ἡμέραν), we get: `for the relevant day'. - See Blass-Debrunner-Frnk, Greek Gramm. of the New Testam. $ 123 and Koerster in Kittel, Theolog.Wörterbuch 2,587-595.Page in Frisk: 1,539-540Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπιούσιος
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18 θῆσθαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `suck' (δ 89);Other forms: pres. inf. (δ 89), θήσατο aor. ind. (Ω 58, Call. Jov. 48), θησάμενος (h. Cer. 236) θήσατο `suckled' (h. Ap. 123); act. θῆσαι θρέψαι, θηλάσαι H.Etymology: With the medial σ-aorist θήσατο agrees best the active s-aorist Skt. adhāsīt `suckles' (only gramm.); beside it the root aorist adhāt `id.' (AV). As present Sanskrit has dháyati, which agrees both with OCS dojǫ and with Goth. daddjan, OSwed. dæggja `suck' (with "Verschärfung" [Gemination] of the j), IE *dhh₁-ei-̯eti (s. below). With θῆ-σθαι agree also OHG tāen, Latv. dêt `suck' (IE * dhē-); both languages have a yot-present, tāju, dêju, which is possible in θῆ-σθαι (\< *θή-ι̯ε-σθαι?), which seems athematic. As the other representatives of this etymon have θη- in Greek ( θηλή, θῆλυς, τιθήνη, γαλαθηνός; also θήνιον γάλα H.; (not τιθασός), it is obvious to see in θῆσθαι an innovation after θήσατο. - Beside IE * dheh₁- in θη- (cf. in Skt. fut. dhāsyati, dhātrī `whet-nurse' etc.) stands * dhī- in Skt. dhītá- `sucked', MHG dīen `sucked, give the breast'; further Skt. dhenā `milch-cow' point to * dʰeh₁-i-. On dháyati s. above. - More forms in Bq and the etymol. dict. (W.-Hofmann s. fēlīx, fēlō, fēmina).Page in Frisk: 1,673-674Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θῆσθαι
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19 κειρία
Grammatical information: often pl.Meaning: `girth of a bedstead, bandage (for wounds, dead), tapeworms' (Ar. Av. 816, LXX, pap., medic., Ev. Jo. 11, 44).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: To καῖρος `string, snare' or the like seems obvious, but the most usual notations κ(ε)ιρ-, κηρ- then remain ununderstandable. Cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 57f. The variation is probably Pre-Greek: αι for α before a palatal. consonant, which became ει and\/or η; cf. λαίθαργος, λήθαργος. Fur. 235, 352 (who had not yet seen the mechanism).Page in Frisk: 1,810Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κειρία
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20 κράτος
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. ἀ-κρατής `without strength, power (over others or over oneself)'; oppos. ἐγ-κρατής `having power over, controlling (oneself)' with ἐγκράτεια, - έω etc.; αὑτο-κρατής `having power over oneself, independent'; more usual αὑτο-κράτωρ `with unlimited power' (Ar., Th.); details in Debrunner FS Tɨèche (Bern 1947) 11f.; also - κρέτης in Aeol. and Arc. Cypr. PN, e. g. Σω-κρέτης.Derivatives: Beside κράτος, κρέτος there are several adjectives: 1. κρατύς `strong, powerful' (Hom.; only κρατὺς Άργεϊφόντης, verse-end) with κρατύνω, ep. also καρτ- `strengthen, conso;idate, rule' (Il.) with κρατυσμός `strenghtening', κρατυντήριος `id.', - τικός `id.' (medic.), κρατύντωρ `controller' ( PMag. Leid.). - 2. κρατερός (Il., A. Pr. 168, anap.), καρτερός (Il.) `id.' (IA.); also as 1. member, e.g. κρατερό-φρων (Il.). καρτερέω, also with prefix, e.g. δια-, `be steadfast, hold out, overcome onseself' (IA.) with καρτερία (Pl., X.), - ρησις (Pl.) `holding on, firmness', - ρικός (Att.); καρτερόω `strengthen' (Aq., Herm.). - 3. κραταιός `id.' (Il.), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 82); rarely as 1. member, e.g. κραταιό-φρων ( PMag.). With κραταιότης = κράτος (LXX), κραταιόω `strengthen' (LXX, NT) with κραταίωμα, - ωσις (LXX). Fem. κραταιίς (Od.; Schwyzer 385). - 4. Primary comparison: comp. κρείττων, (Atticising) κρείσσων with sec. - ει- for κρέσσων (Ion., Pi.); Dor. κάρρων, Cret. κάρτων; denomin. κρειττόομαι `have excrescences', with κρείττωσις (Thphr.). sup. κράτιστος, ep. κάρτ-, (Il.), with - τεύω `be the best, surpass' (Pi., Att.); -( ε)ία as title, `highness' (pap.). -- 5. Adv. κάρτα `in a high degree, very' (Ion. and trag.). - 6. As 1. member often κραται- ( καρται-), e.g. κραται-γύαλος `with strong breast-pieces' (T 361). Further Κρατι-, Καρτι- in PN, e.g. Κρατί-δημος, Καρτί-νικος; also Κρατ(ο)-, Κρατε- a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 256). Hypocoristic short-names Κρατῖνος (Schwyzer 491, Chantraine Formation 205), Κρατύλος, Κράτυλλος (Leumann Glotta 32, 217 a. 225 A. 1), Κρατιεύς (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 126). On Κρεσφόντης s. v. - 7. Verb: κρατέω (Il.), Aeol. κρετέω, aor. κρατῆσαι (posthom.), κρέτησαι (Sapph.), often with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `controll, possess, rule, conquer'; with ( ἐπι- etc.) κράτησις `power, rule' (Th., LXX), ( δια-, ἐπι-) κρατητικός `controlling' (late), ( δια-)κράτημα `support, grip' (medic.); κρατητής `possessor' (Procl.); κρατῆρας τοὺς κρατοῦντας H. for κρατητῆρας (Lewy KZ 59, 182). But ἐγκρατέω from ἐγ-κρατής, ναυ-κρατέω, - τία from ναυ-κρατής etc.; s. above. καρταίνειν κρατεῖν H. -- 8. On κρατευταί s. v.Etymology: With the full grade in Aeol. κρέτος interchanges regularly the zero grade in κρατύς, κάρτα (on ρα: αρ Schwyzer 342). Through analogy arose both κράτος, κάρτος and the compp. κάρρων \< *κάρσ(σ)ων \< *κάρτι̯ων and κάρτων beside the old fullgrade κρέσσων \< *κρέτι̯ων; details in Seiler Steigerungsformen 53 ff. A zero grade of the σ-stem in κρέτος is supposed in Κρεσ-φόντης ( \< *Κρετσ-; Kretschmer Glotta 24, 237, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 26). - The relation of the forms is not always clear. The adjective κρατερός, καρτερός may conrain a alternating ρ-stem (Benveniste Origines 17, Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), if it is not an analogical innovation to κράτος, κρατέω (e.g. Schwyzer 482). The form Κρατι-, Καρτι-, which appears only in PN, will not be old (like e.g. in κυδι-άνειρα: κῦδος), but rest on analogy (after Άλκι-, Καλλι- a. o.; Frisk Nom. 70). On κάρτα cf. e.g. τάχα, ἅμα. The 1. member κραται- may have been built after παλαι- a. o.; and κραταιός after παλαιός? (cf. Schwyzer 448). Diff. Risch 117: κραταιός back formation to κραταιή for *κράταια, fem. to κρατύς ( Πλαταιαί: πλατύς). Also κρατέω is discussed. Against the obvious explanation as denominative of κράτος (Schwyzer 724; κρατῆσαι only posthom.) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 113ff.; he assumes in κρατέω a backformation to ἐπικρατέω from ἐπι-κρατής (Hom. only adv. ἐπικρατέως). Again diff. Specht KZ 62, 35 ff. - An exact agreement to κράτος etc. is not found. Close are Skt. krátu- m. `power, mind, will', Av. xratu- m. `id.'. The objections that the Indo-Ir. word indicates primarily spiritual qualities ar refuted by OE cræft ` Kraft, physical strength, power', also `insight, craft etc.'. The Germanic word for `hard', Got. hardus etc., which is usually adduced, differs in vowel (IE *kortú- against *kr̥tú- to * kret-). - Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. krátuh.Page in Frisk: 2,8-10Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κράτος
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