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1 ἄφενος
Grammatical information: n.Other forms: m. (after πλοῦτος, Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).Compounds: εὐηφενής (Il.; the better attested v. l. εὐηγενής is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμ-αφένης.Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) ἀφνειός (Il.), later ἀφνεός `rich' (Il.). From here retrograde ἄφνος n. (Pi. Fr. 219).Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. ápnas- n. `possessions, riches' (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. ὄμπνη; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as * apsnos). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. happina(nt)- `rich', is remarkable. The postulated verb hap-(zi) is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's h₁op- is impossible ( h₁- disappears in Hittite); but Lat. opulentus \< * op-en-ent- is improbable: - ulentus is a frequent suffix in Latin, and - ant is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of - ulentus (I also doubt the dissmilation n - nt, with t after the second n; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the - en- has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after op-; thus the connection of opulentus with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from *n̥-gʷʰn-o-, parallel to - io- in Skt. ághnyā- `(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed'. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from *n̥gʷʰn-es-o- \> ἀφνεό-, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after σθένος, which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic εὐηφενής). For Greek a root * h₂bʰen- is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form ἀφνεός may be explained following Balles: *h₂bʰnes-ó-, with ablaut as in ἄλγος - ἀλεγεινός (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as *ἀφνεοιο is impossible in the hexameter and *ἀφνεος, -ν etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading *ḫpina- is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have κ-, the φ would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.Page in Frisk: 1,195Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄφενος
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2 δίκτυον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `net, strick' (Od.).Dialectal forms: Myc. dekutuwoko \/ dektuworgos\/Compounds: δικτυ-βόλος (AP, Opp.) beside δικτυο-βόλος (Poll.) after δικτυ-αρχέω (inscr.) with elided -o-?Derivatives: Dimin. δικτύδιον (Poll.); δικτυεύς `fisher (with a net)' (Str.) with δικτυεία `fishing' (Ael.); also δικτυΐα, s. Scheller Oxytonierung 41. - δικτυώδης `netlike' (Hp. Ep.), δικτυωτός `forming a net' (LXX); from δικτυόομαι? (LXX). PN Δίκτυς.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: From an u-stem ( δίκτυ only EM 275, 27; from the plural δίκτυα, Schwyzer 460f.) of δικεῖν `throw' (s. v.). The Myc. form has -e- as variant of -i-, which points to a Pre-Greek word (see Bader, Type Demiourgos $ 23; Chadwick, Myc. Studies Wingspread, 19-21; cf. on δίσκος); on Pre-Greek u-stems Heubeck, Praegraeca 36; to avoid this conclusion Chantraine, REG 80 (1967)1-5 assumes deiktu- for Mycenaean. So the Myc. form nicely confirms Furnée's conclusion that δικ- is Pre-Greek (s. δίσκος).Page in Frisk: 1,394-395Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίκτυον
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3 θύρσος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `the thyrsos-wand', wreathe with ivy and vine-leaves with a pine-cone at the top (E.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. θυρσο-φόρος, ἄ-θυρσος (E.).Derivatives: Diminut. θυρσίον (Hero), θυρσάριον (Plu.); plant name θύρσιον (Ps.-Dsc.), θύρσις (Cyran.), θυρσ-ίνη and - ίτης (Dsc., s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 50; the last also name of a stone, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); θυρσίων name of a dolphinlike fish (Ath., Plin.; s. W.-Hofmann s. tursiō). Denomin.: θυρσάζω `flourish the th.' (Ar. Lys. 1313; Lacon. ptc. θυρσαδδωᾶν = - αζουσῶν), θυρσόω `use as th.' (D. S.). - Here also θυρξεύς surn. of Apollon in Achaia (Paus. 7, 21, 13)?; s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 77.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.Etymology: Loan from Anatolia, cf. Hier. Luw. tuwarsa- `vine' (Laroche BSL 51 p. XXXIIIf., Forbes Glotta 36, 271f.). S. Heubeck, Praegraeca 80.Page in Frisk: 1,697Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύρσος
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4 ἴξαλος
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: Cf. ἰσχαλωμέναι δεδερματωμέναι H, and ἴσκλαι αἱ αἴγειαι μηλωταὶ ħ.Derivatives: ἰξαλῆ f. `skin of ἰξ.' (Hp. Fract. 29) with several orthographic variants: ἰσάλη (sch. Ar. Nu. 72), ἰσσέλα H.), ἰτθέλη (Poll.), ἰττέλη (Poll.), ἰσσέλη (Theogn.), ἰσθλῆ (H.), ἰτθέλα (H.), etc. (Gal., Poll., H.; see Solmsen Wortforsch. 141).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: In the variations Solmsen saw like Bechtel Lex. s. v. evidence for Anatolian origin; thus Schwyzer 61. See Heubeck, Praegraeca 66 and 80. Pre-Greek, Fur. 129, 286,, 349, 379, 393.The form with ἴσκλ- shows syncopeof the α\/ε, that with ἰσχαλ- metathesis; α\/ε is well known. I suggest that the word had *iktyal- with a palatalized t as second consonant. See Beekes, Pre-Greek, 5.5.Page in Frisk: 1,728Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴξαλος
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5 καπνός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `smoke, steam' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-pi-ni-ja.Compounds: Compp., e. g. καπνο-δόκη ` flue (of a chimney' (IA.), δύσ-καπνος ` with an unpleasant smoke' (A., Thphr.).Derivatives: Subst. 1. κάπνη (Com.), short form of καπνοδόκη; also = καπνιαῖος λίθος ( PHolm.; s. below); 2. καπνία for κάπνη (Moer. 292, Gloss.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 56); 3. καπνίας m. name a) of a wine, that got a special taste from smoke (Com.), b) a kind of jasper, = καπνίτης, from the colour (Dsc., Plin.), c) of the poet Ekphantides (Ar. V. 151; ` διὰ τὸ μηδεν λαμπρὸν γράφειν' H.). 4. καπνίτης m. name of a stone, from the colour (Alex. Trall.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), καπνῖτις f. plant name, `fumitory, Fumaria officinalis', from the smoke-coloured leaves (Ps.-Dsc.), also called κάπνιος and καπνός (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 27, Redard 72). - Adject. 5. κάπνε(ι)ος (sc. ἄμπελος) f. `vine with smoke-coloured grapes' (Arist., Thphr., pap.); 6. καπνώδης `smokey, smoke-coloured' (Arist., Thphr., Plb.); 7. καπνηλός ` smoke-like' (Nic. Th. 54); 8. καπνιαῖος λίθος ` smoke-coloured quarz' ( PHolm.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. καπνίζω, aor. καπνίσ(σ)αι, also with prefix, ἀπο-, περι-, ὑπο-, `smoke, make smoke, be smoke-coloured' (Il.) with κάπνισις `exposure to smoke' (Arist.), κάπνισμα ` incense' (AP), καπνιστήριον `steam-bath?' (Priene); 2. καπνόομαι `vanish into smoke' (Pi., E.); 3. καπνιάω `smoke a bee-hive' (A. R. 2, 131), after θυμιάω; 4. καπνείω `let vanish into smoke, burn' (Nic. Th. 36). - Beside καπνός there is an aorist ἀπὸ ( δε ψυχην) ἐκάπυσσεν `breathe forth' (Χ 467; κάπυσσεν Q. S. 6, 523), with the present καπύσσων ἐκπνέων H.; the supposed basis seems preserved in κάπυς πνεῦμα H. (also κάπος ψυχή, πνεῦμα). Uncertain is the gloss, given in the wrong place, καπυκτά πνέοντα H.; connected with καπύσσων?, cf ἀλύω (s.v.) with ἀλύσσω s. The stem with υ- also in καπυρός `dry etc.', s. v.; uncertain is κέκηφε τέθνηκε H., κεκαφηότα (Hom.), s. v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: An original *κϜαπ-νός (see Schwyzer 302; and s. below), but note that Myc. does not have a w, agrees with Lith. kvãpas `breath, smell'; beside it with ē-vowel kvėpiù,kvẽpti `gasp, breathe', Latv. kvêpstu, kvêpt `smoke, smell'; καπνός a. cogn. then seem to go back on IE. ku̯ep-. An old question is whether Lat. vapor `vapour, smoke' with v- for expected qu- is cognate. On the other hand Russ. kópotь `fine soot, dust' etc. presents a u̯-less form, which cannot be explained from Slavic. Finally Germ., e. g. Goth. af- ƕapjan `suffocate, extinguish', af- ƕapnan `extinguish' show a root-final p for f (b). "Man hat somit in den verschiedenen Sprachen mit zahlreichen, nicht unerwarteten Entgleisungen zu rechnen. (Frisk)" - More forms in Pok. 596f.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. vapor, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kvẽpti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kópotь. S. also Bq. - Schrijver (Laryng. in Latin, 260f.) assumed a laryngeal for Latvian, and posited * kuh₂ep-, a rare type that is perhaps impossible; also it is uncertain that this gave *κϜαπ-. IE origin, then, is improbable. * kap- is unprobelematic for Pre-Greek; an u-stem ( κάπυς) is frequent in Pre-Greek (s. Heubeck, Praegraeca 31-39), as is a suffix n- after consonant (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes). The Baltic (and Slavic) forms, and Lat. vapor are unclear, and may come form a substr. language. (I do not assume * kʷap-, as this would give *κ(ϝ)οπ-, cf. ἄλοξ, καλαῦροψ.)Page in Frisk: 1,781-782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καπνός
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6 ὀστρύα
ὀστρύα (- ύη)Grammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a tree with hard, white wood, `hop hornbeam, Ostrya carpinifolia' (Thphr., Plin.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: That the word is semantically `vereinbar' with ὄστρεον (Frisk), is ununderstandable to me. The assumption of a syllable dissimilation from *ὀστρο-δρυς (Brugmann IF 19, 399) is quite doubtful (cf. Schwyzer 263). Heubeck Praegraeca 37 considers with Neumann Glotta 37(1958) 106-112 ὄστρυς as Pre-Greek. The enlargements - ύς, - ύα, - υίς are typical for an adapted foreign word (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,438Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀστρύα
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7 πῖαρ
Grammatical information: Nom. acc. n.Meaning: `fat, tallow' (ep. Ion. Il).Derivatives: πίων, n. πῖον, f. πίειρα `fat, fertile, rich' (Il.), with as innovation πιερός, πιαρός `id.' (Hp., Arist.); comp. forms πιό-τατος, - τερος (Hom.) with new posit. πῖος (Epich., Nic.; cf. Leumann Mus. Helv. 2,5f. = Kl. Schr. 219); πιότης f. `fattness' (Hp., Arist.). Poet. enlargement πιήεις `id.' (AP). Denom. verb πιαίνω, aor. πιᾶναι, also w. δια-, κατα- a.o., `to make fat, to tallow, to enrich' (Pi., IA.) with πία-σμα n. `fattening, tallowing food' (A.), ποτι-πίαμμα n. ` fat that stayed (on the altar)' (Cyrene; on the phonetics cf. Schwyzer 524 w. n. 2), - σμός m. `fattening' (Ael.); - ντήριος (Hp.), - ντικός (Apoll. Lex.) `making fat, tallowing'. -- With λ-suffix: πιαλέος `fat' (Ion. poet.; Chantraine Form. 253), rarely πίαλος `id.' (v. l. for σίαλος [Hp.], prob. reshaped after it; cf. Güntert Reimwortbild. 127 f., where wrong on πιαλέος). -- On itself stands πιμελ-ή f. `fat, lard' (IA) with - ώδης `fatty' (Hp., Arist.), - ής `id.' (Aq., Luc.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [793] *piH-u̯er- `fat'Etymology: With πίων, πίειρα from *πίϜων, *πίϜειρα agree Skt. pī́van-, pī́varī `fat, full'; with the r-stem in πῖ[F]αρ agrees in Indo-Iran. an s-stem Skt. pī́vas- = Av. pī́vah- n. `fat, bacon'. To it, as Ind. innovation, pīvará like πιερός to πίειρα. Here still Myc. PN pi-we-ri-di, -si (Heubeck Praegraeca 42)? An old r-derivation is also supposed in OIr. īriu `earth's surface, land' (phonetically unclear). The l-stem in πιαλέος however is not found outside Greek. An old athemat. byform may be found in Epeirotic gen. sg. Πείαλ-ος (Schwyzer 484 w. lit.). -- Beside this group with the wellknown suffixvariation u̯er: u̯en: u̯es: u̯el (e.g. Benveniste Origines 45 f.; IE *pī-u̯er-, -u̯r̥- etc.) stands with mel-suffix πῑ-μελ-ή (Frisk Eranos 41, 50ff.). (The m-formation contained in it seems also to be found in Lat. opīmus `fat, wellnourished' but the anlaut. o- is unexplained.) -- All these formations go back on a verb, which is retained in Skt., e.g. pres. páyate `be full', esp. of fat or milk, ptc. pīná- `obese, thick'. On the Skt. words extensively Mayrhofer KEWA 212 a. 297 f. w. lit.; on the group in gen. WP. 2, 73ff., Pok. 793f., also W.-Hofmann s. opīmus and pinguis (cf. also παχύς); also w. lit. -- (Not here πῖδαξ.)Page in Frisk: 2,532Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῖαρ
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8 πρύτανις
πρύτανις, - εωςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: des. of a leading official, in Athens member of the governing committee of the council, `foreman, chief of affairs, prytan' (Dor. IA.); also name of a Lycian (Ε 678).Other forms: Aeol. πρό-.Compounds: Some compp., e.g. ναυ-πρύτανις = ναύαρχος (Pi.).Derivatives: 1. Adj. πρυταν-ικός (IA. inscr.), - ειος (Aristid.) `belonging to p.'; 2. subst. - εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον n. `residence of p., city hall' (IA.), in Athens also name of a (judicial) court; τὰ πρυτανεῖα `legal costs' (Att.); here Πρυταν-ῖτις (Herm. Hist.), - εία (Syros) f. surn. of Έστία as protectress of the Prytaneion (cf. Redard 212); 3. Verb πρυταν-εύω `to be P., to lead something' (h. Ap. 68) with - εία, Ion. - ηΐη f. `(term of) office of a p.' (IA., Rhodes etc.), - ευμα = Lat. principatus (epigr. Ia), - εύς m. = πρύτανις (Rhodos; backformation, Bosshardt 77).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Cognate with the Etruscan title of an official purʮne, eprʮni, πρύτανις belongs undoubtedly to the Anatolian-Aegaean element of the Greek constitutional terminology (cf. βασιλεύς, ἄναξ, τύραννος and Schwyzer 62 a. 462). The Aeol. byform πρότανις (Att. inscr. incid. προταν-εύω, - εία) can, like Phoc. a. Cret. βρυτανεύω, - εῖον, represent the uncertain pronunciation of a foreign word (but it may also go back on popular association wih πρό `in front'). Earlier (s. Curtius 283 w. older lit., WP. 2, 36; also Schwyzer-Debrunner 505) considered as IE, with πρυ- as old byform of προ; here further διαπρύσιος, πρυμνός, πρυλέες. -- For Pre-Gr.-IE origin Heubeck Praegraeca 67f.; cf also Linderski Glotta 40, 157 ff., who tries to connect also Hatt. puri `lord'.Page in Frisk: 2,606-607Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρύτανις
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9 πύργος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `tower, wall-tower', also the fortification wall itself (Il.), metaph. `closed division of warriors, column' (Il.), `siege-tower' (X.), `farm-building', (LXX, pap., NT; lit. in Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πυργο-δάϊκτος `destroying towers' (A. Pers. 105 [lyr.]; prop. `with destroyed towers'? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 82; s. also E. Williger Sprachl. Unt. zu den Kompp. der gr. Dicht. des V.Jh.s [Göttingen 1928] 45 n. 1), εὔ-πυργος `with fair towers, well-towered' (Η 71 a.o.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πυργ-ίον, - ίδιον, - ίς, - ίσκος, - ίσκιον, - ισκάριον (mostly hell. a. late); 2. - ωμα, mostly pl. - ώματα n. `tower structures' (Orac. ap. Hdt., A., E.); 3. πυργιτρον n. form a. meaning unclear (pap.VIp); 4. πυργ-ίτης n. `kind of sparrow' (Gal. a.o.; s. Redard 84 and on σποργίλος); - ῖτις βοτάνη H. 5. Adj. πύργ-ινος `consisting of towers' (A. in lyr.), - ειος `tower-like' (Ion., trag.), - ώδης `id.' (S.), - ῶτις `towered' (A. in lyr.; f. on *-ώτης, Redard 8); - ήρης `provided with towers, enclosed within towers or walls' (Orac. ap. Paus.) with - ηρέομαι `to be enclosed within towers or walls, to be besieged' (A., E.). 6. Adv. - ηδόν `columnwise' (Il.), `towerwise' (Aret.). 7. Verb πυργ-ῶσαι, - όω `to fence with towers, to pile up' (λ 264) with - ωτός `piled up' (Str. a.o.). 8. Πυργ-αλίδαι m. pl. n. of a guild in Kameiros (inscr.); after Τανταλ-ίδαι?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Building technical expression; because of the striking similarity with NHG Burg, Goth. baurgs `town, tower' by Kretschmer Glotta 22, 100ff. taken as German. LW [loanword] through Northbalkan. (Macedon. ?) mediation. By others taken as Pre-Greek (Pelasgian as a form of Indo-European can now be forgotten. s. Furnée 40-55; s. Heubeck Praegraeca 63ff. w. further lit. In the same way is considered Πέργαμος, - ον, -α `the citadel (of Troy)', also PlN, to NHG Berg, Hitt. parkuš `high' etc.), s. Heubeck l.c. (Pok. 140f.), where also on the H.-glosses φύρκος τεῖχος and φ\<ο\> ύρκορ ὀχύρωμα (on this also Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 3, 22 n. 1); there is also a stronghold in Elis called Πύργος (Hdt. 4, 148, Str.) and a Φύρκος (Th. 5,49) -- On Lat. burgus (from Germ. or only influenced by it?) W.-Hofmann s.v. with Nachträgen. -- The forms with φυρκ- show well-known Pre-Greek alternations. To Asia Minor may point Urart. burgana `palace'. As to Περγαμον, the suffix - αμο- is Pre-Greek (cf. κάρδαμον). (Its non-IE character is confirmed by the place names Περγασα\/ Παργασα\/ Βαργασα, Furnée 64 n. 268, cf. on πάγασα) So the word is a normal Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,629-630Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύργος
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10 σικύα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bottle gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris' (Hp., Arist., Thphr. etc.), metaph. `bleeding cup' (Hp., com., Pl. etc.) with - υάζω `to cup' (Arr.), with - ύασις, - υασ-μός (late).Compounds: As 1. element in σικυ-ήλατον n. `patch of gourds, cucumbers' (Hp.; - ήρατον pap.); to ἐλαύνω (resp. with ρ for λ; Schwyzer 213 w. lit.).Derivatives: Besides σίκυος ( σικυός) m. `cucumber or melon, Cueumis (sativus)' (Hp., com., Arist. etc.), also σίκυς f. `id.' (Alc., Dsc., Gal.). -- From this: dimin. σικύ-διον n. (Phryn. Com., pap. II -- IIIp); - ώδης `cucumber-like etc.' (Hp., Thphr.), - ηδόν `like a cucumber' (medic.), - ών m. `cucumber patch', - ώνη f. = σίκυος ἄγριος, also `bleeding cup' (Hdt.; like κροτώνη a. o.), - ωνία f. = κολοκύνθη (Hp., Plu.). Also Σικυών ( Σεκυ-), - ῶνος m. f. "cucumber city", city not far from Corinth (Il.) with - ώνιος, - ωνικός.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With σίκυς cf. ῥάφυς, κάχρυς a. other plant names; σικύα as οἰσύα, ὀστρύα etc.; cf. also Heubeck Praegraeca 37. In the variation σικ- σικύα σεκ- Specht KZ 61, 277ff. wants to see (s. also Kretschmer Glotta 26, 57) two diff. products of dissimilation of orig. *σύκυς, what can be proven nor disproven because of the unknown origin of the word [but s. bel.] (in spite of Slav. tyky). The partial agreement with κύκυον τὸν σικυόν, κυκύϊζα γλυκεῖα κολόκυντα H., with Lat. cucumis `cucumber' as well as with Slav., e.g. ORuss. tyky `pumpkin', to which also Sem., e.g. Hebr. qiššu'ā `cucumber', has since long been observed, but a convincing etymology has not yet been found. In any case an old LW [loanword]; source unknown. Extensive lit. in W.-Hofmann s. cucumis and Vasmer s. týkva; further Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 652 ff. New hypothesis by Deroy Rev. int. d'onom. 12, 23f.: pregr., from ku in κυέω and strengthening se-, si- (similar with IE means Brugmann IF 39, 140 ff.). -- The variation points clearly to Pre-Greek (e.g. ι\/ε, υ\/ου), Furnée 251, 354, 257, 367.Page in Frisk: 2,704Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σικύα
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11 σιπύη
σιπύη (- ύα)Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `box for keeping flour and bread' (com., AP, Poll.).Other forms: συπύη (pap. IIIa) from assim., σιπυΐς f. (Hp.); also ἰπύα (H.); further σίπυδνος (Orac. ap. Luc. Alex.; Furnée 177); note hομοσεπυοι inscr. Selinous ( RPh 69, 1995, 128, l. 3Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Sem. LW [loanword] (Hebr. sap etc.); E. Masson Recherches 44f. w. lit. After Neumann Glotta 37, 109f. (cf. Heubeck Praegraeca 36f.) to the Minoan (Linear A) vase des. su-pu. -- Whether σίφνις `id.' (Poll., H.) is at all cognate, remains doubtful (cf. on σιφνός); in any case there is no IE variation p σιπύη ph (Specht Ursprung 260). -- Here will belong Lat. simpulum, simpuvium. Also here σιβαία = πήρα. The variation proves that the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,710Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σιπύη
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12 Δημήτηρ
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: the Greek mother goddess (Il.). See further Schwyzer 567f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 147,Dialectal forms: Though one might expect the name in Myc., it happens not to be found. Δαμάτηρ (Dor. etc.), also Δωμάτηρ, Δαμμάτερι (Thess.),Derivatives: Δημήτριος `belonging to D.' (A.), also as PN, from which the months name Δημητριών (Attica); Δημητρίεια pl. `feast for Demeter' (Samos IVa; after Άσκληπίεια a.o.), Δημήτρια pl. also `feast for Demetrios'; Δημητριασταί N. of the worshippers of Demeter (Ephesos; cf. Άπολλωνιασταί etc.); Δημητριακός `belonging to Demeter or Demetrios' (D. S.); Δημήτρειοι pl. name of the dead (Plu.). - Denomin. δαματρίζειν τὸ συνάγειν τὸν Δημητριακὸν καρπόν. Κύπριοι H. - Short form Δηώ (h. Cer. etc.) with Δηῳ̃ος and Δηωΐνη `daughter of D.'.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: By Kretschmer Wien. Stud. 24, 523ff., Glotta 17, 240 taken as "Mother Earth", from δᾶ, a kind of `Lallwort', perhaps Pre-Greek `Earth', and μάτηρ. There is however, no indication that δᾶ (s.v.) means `earth' (though it has also been assumed in the name Poseidon). Nach Ehrlich Betonung 62ff. (with Fraenkel Lexis 3, 50ff.), from *Δασ-μάτηρ, from IE *dm̥s-, gen. of * dem- `house' (cf. δεσπότης); rightly rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 294. Pisani IF 53, 28ff. and Georgiev Urgriechen und Illyrier (Sofia 1937) 9ff., 20ff. consider the word, like Δαμία, Δμία etc. as Illyrian and compare Alb. dhe `earth' (s. χθών); rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 27, 31. Acc. to Carnoy Mélanges Bidez 71ff. Δη- is only a different development of γῆ. Cf. Fraenkel Glotta 3, 58f. (also on Δαμία, Μνία); diff. on these words (to δόμος etc.) Danielsson Eranos 1, 79f. - Cf. Messap. damatura, prob. name of a goddess (Krahe Sprache der Illyr. 1, 82); the Mess. word must be an adaptation of the Greek name; cf. Δειπάτυρος s. Ζεύς). - Heubeck, Praegraeca 75-8 starts from `Phryg.' Γδαν-μαυα\/ Γδανμαα, and sees in the first element a cognate of Gr. χθών; he suggests that the form Δω(μ-) goes back on *ghdhōn-. However, he connects the whole with his Minoan-Minyan hypothesis (a separate IE language), which is unconvincing. - On Demeter Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 456ff.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Δημήτηρ
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13 Μίνως
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a Cretan king (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Foreign word of unknown meaning, by Brandenstein Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 2. 13 ff. interpreted as appellativum = `king'. Cf. Heubeck, Praegraeca 48ff. -- Here Μινώταυ-ρος, folketymolog. reshaped foreign word (cf. v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. on v. 1327); acc. to v. Blumenthal ZNF 16, 155 ff. prop. `bull-man' like Κέν-ταυρος `horse -man' (?).Page in Frisk: 2,243Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Μίνως
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14 Όδυσσεύς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: son of Laertes and Antikleia, king of the island Ithaka (Il.).Other forms: ep. also Όδυσεύς (metr. shortening?; cf. on Άχιλλεύς). Several byforms with λ (cf. Schwyzer 209 a. 333, Heubeck Praegraeca 24ff.): Όλυσ(σ)εύς, Όλυτ(τ)εύς, Όλισεύς a.o. (vase-inscr.), Οὑλιξεύς (Hdn. Gr.), Lat. Ulixēs; the δ-form is only epic-liter. ascertained.Derivatives: Όδυσήϊος (σ 353). Όδύσσεια f. `the Odyssey' (Hdt., Pl.) with Όδυσσειακός `belonging to Od.' (Hdn. Gr., sch.), τὰ Όδύσσεια `Odyssean games' (Magn. Mae. IIIa); Όλισ-σεῖδαι pl. m. name of a family ( φράτρα) in Thebes and Argos (inscr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: By the ep. poets (e.g. τ 407 ff.) folketymologicallu connected with ὀδύσσομαι (Linde Glotta 13, 223, Risch Eumusia [Festschr. Howald 1947] 82 f., Stanford ClassPhil. 47, 209 ff.). Modern interpreters sought the origin of the name partly in the Greek West or on the continent, partly in Asia Minor. For western, Illyrian-Epirotic origin Helbig Herm. 11, 281 (doubts by Kretschmer Einl. 280ff. with Ed. Meyer), Krahe IF 49, 143, v. Windekens Herm. 86, 121 ff. (w. lit.); for continental origin Bosshardt 138 f. (also on the phonetics); for Asia Minor Hrozný Arch. Or. 1, 338, Gemser Arch. f. Orientforsch. 3, 183 (from Babyl. Hitt. Ul(l)uš?; on this Kretschmer Glotta 18, 215), Kretschmer Glotta 28, 253 a. 278 (Odysseus as Anatoliian Heros to Hatt. Λύξης, Lyd. Λίξος). Quite doubtful attempts, to connect the namen Όδυσσεύς with the name of his maternal gransfather Αὑτόλυκος, by Bolling AmJPh 27, 65 ff., Lang. 29, 293 f. and by v. Windekens l. c. Combinations to be rejected by Theander Eranos 15, 137 ff., Carnoy Muséon 44, 319ff., Focke Saeculum 2, 589f. - The name is of course typically Pre-Greek (Furnée index).Page in Frisk: 2,351-352Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Όδυσσεύς
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