dominion

impĕrĭōsus (less correctly inp-), a, um, adj. [imperium], possessed of command, far-ruling, mighty, powerful, puissant (class.).

In gen.: urbes magnae atque imperiosae, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

populi,

Cic. Or. 34, 120: imperiosissima civitas, Aug. Civ. Dei, 15, 19 (cf. Verg. A. 1, 284):

dictatura,

Liv. 7, 40, 9; cf.

virga,

i. e. the fasces, Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 32:

quisnam igitur liber? sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus,

who has dominion over himself, Hor. S. 2, 7, 83; cf. Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 62:

imperiosissimae humanae mentis artes (religio, astrologia, medicina),

id. 30, 1, 1, § 1:

risus habet vim nescio an imperiosissimam,

Quint. 6, 3, 8. —

In partic.

In a bad sense, imperious, domineering, tyrannical:

cupiditas honoris quam dura est domina, quam imperiosa,

Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40:

nimis imperiosus philosophus,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:

paedagogi,

Quint. 1, 1, 8:

imperiosus atque impotens,

Sen. Ben. 3, 28 fin.:

imperiosi nobis ipsis et molesti sumus,

id. Q. N. 4 praef.:

Proserpina,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 110:

quojus cibo iste factust imperiosior,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

imperiosius aequor,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 8:

familia imperiosissima et superbissima,

Liv. 9, 34, 15.—Hence,

Impĕrĭōsus, i, m., a surname of the dictator L. Manlius Torquatus and his son, the consul T. Manlius Torquatus, on account of their severity, Liv. 7, 3, 4; 7, 4, 7; Sen. Ben. 3, 37; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60; Plin. 22, 5, 5, § 8; Liv. 4, 29, 6; cf. Manlius.—Hence, adv.: impĕrĭōsē, imperiously, tyrannically (ante- and postclass.):

non severe, non imperiose praecepit,

Gell. 2, 29, 1; Charis. 202, 11: paene imperiosius quam humanius, Varr. ap. Non. 287, 20.

impĕrĭōsus (less correctly inp-), a, um, adj. [imperium], possessed of command, far-ruling, mighty, powerful, puissant (class.).

In gen.: urbes magnae atque imperiosae, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

populi,

Cic. Or. 34, 120: imperiosissima civitas, Aug. Civ. Dei, 15, 19 (cf. Verg. A. 1, 284):

dictatura,

Liv. 7, 40, 9; cf.

virga,

i. e. the fasces, Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 32:

quisnam igitur liber? sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus,

who has dominion over himself, Hor. S. 2, 7, 83; cf. Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 62:

imperiosissimae humanae mentis artes (religio, astrologia, medicina),

id. 30, 1, 1, § 1:

risus habet vim nescio an imperiosissimam,

Quint. 6, 3, 8. —

In partic.

In a bad sense, imperious, domineering, tyrannical:

cupiditas honoris quam dura est domina, quam imperiosa,

Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40:

nimis imperiosus philosophus,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:

paedagogi,

Quint. 1, 1, 8:

imperiosus atque impotens,

Sen. Ben. 3, 28 fin.:

imperiosi nobis ipsis et molesti sumus,

id. Q. N. 4 praef.:

Proserpina,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 110:

quojus cibo iste factust imperiosior,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

imperiosius aequor,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 8:

familia imperiosissima et superbissima,

Liv. 9, 34, 15.—Hence,

Impĕrĭōsus, i, m., a surname of the dictator L. Manlius Torquatus and his son, the consul T. Manlius Torquatus, on account of their severity, Liv. 7, 3, 4; 7, 4, 7; Sen. Ben. 3, 37; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60; Plin. 22, 5, 5, § 8; Liv. 4, 29, 6; cf. Manlius.—Hence, adv.: impĕrĭōsē, imperiously, tyrannically (ante- and postclass.):

non severe, non imperiose praecepit,

Gell. 2, 29, 1; Charis. 202, 11: paene imperiosius quam humanius, Varr. ap. Non. 287, 20.

mors, tis, f. [root mor, v. morior] (dat. morte, Varr. ap. Gell. 24), death in every form, natural or violent (syn.: letum, nex).

Lit.:

omnium rerum mors est extremum,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79:

mortem sibi consciscere,

to kill one's self, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 129:

obire,

to die, id. Phil. 5, 17, 48;

Plaut Aul. prol. 15: nam necessest me... cras mortem exequi,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 38:

certae occumbere morti,

to submit to, Verg. A. 2, 62:

aliquem ad mortem dare,

to put to death, kill, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 177:

morti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 197:

aliquem morte multare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 50; so,

per vim,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 14:

morte multatus,

id. Tusc. 1, 40, 97; Tac. A. 6, 9; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 15; Lact. 2, 9, 24:

morte punire,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 12; Tac. A. 4, 44; 11, 18:

mortis poena,

Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

morti addici,

id. Off. 3, 10, 45:

omne humanum genus morte damnatum est,

Sen. Ep. 71, 15:

Antonius civium suorum vitae sedebat mortisque arbiter,

Sen. Polyb. 16, 2:

vitae et mortis habere potestatem,

Vulg. Sap. 16, 13:

illata per scelus,

assassination, Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

ad mortem se offerre pro patriā,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 32: afferre, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

multare aliquem usque ad mortem,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 9:

morte cadere,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 15: morte acerbissimā affici, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

multare,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 100:

ad mortem duci,

id. Tusc. 1, 42, 100:

cui legatio ipsa morti fuisset,

brought death, id. Phil. 9, 1, 3:

imperfecta,

blindness, Stat. Th. 11, 582: morte suā mori, to die a natural death:

bella res est, mori suā morte,

Sen. Ep. 69, 6:

mors suprema,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173; Sil. 5, 416: mortis fine, Boëth. Consol. 2, 7: quae rapit ultima mors est, Lucil. ap. Sen. Ep. 24, 20: proximus morti = moriens, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 8; App. M. 1, 72; cf.:

morti vicinus,

Aug. Serm. 306, 10; Hier. in Joel, 1, 13 al.; cf.:

cui, mors cum appropinquet,

Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

cujus aetati mors propior erat,

Sall. H. 2, 41, 9:

adpropinquante morte,

Cic. Div. 1, 30, 64 sq.:

ut prorogetur tibi dies mortis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 17, 6:

circa mortis diem,

id. Ep. 27, 2:

mansurum est vitium usque ad diem mortis,

Cels. 7, 7, 15 init. — Poet.:

mors sola fatetur quantula sint hominum corpuscula,

Juv. 10, 173. —In plur.:

mortes, when several persons are spoken of: praeclarae mortes sunt imperatoriae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Hor. S. 1, 3, 108:

meorum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 16, 1:

perdere mortes,

to throw away lives, to die in vain, Stat. Th. 9, 58:

hinc subitae mortes,

Juv. 1, 144.—Also of different forms or modes of death:

omnīs per mortīs,

Verg. A. 10, 854; cf.:

omni imagine mortium,

Tac. H. 3, 28; Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2.—Rarely of an abstract thing:

fere rerum omnium oblivio morsque memoriae,

death, total loss, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 142.—

Personified.

Mors, a goddess, the daughter of Erebus and Nox, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; Verg. A. 11, 197; Hyg. Fab. praef.—

(Eccl. Lat.) = eum qui habebat mortis imperium, id est, diabolum, Vulg. Heb. 2, 14; id. Isa. 28, 15; cf.:

ero mors tua, o mors,

id. Hos. 13, 14; id. Apoc. 6, 8.—

Transf.

A dead body, corpse (mostly poet.): morte campos contegi, with corpses, Att. ap. Non. 110, 31:

mortem ejus (Clodii) lacerari,

body, corpse, Cic. Mil. 32, 86; Cat. 64, 362; Prop. 3, 5, 22:

vitis, quam juxta hominis mors laqueo pependerit,

Plin. 14, 19, 23, § 119; Stat. Th. 1, 768.—Hence, jestingly, of an old man:

odiosum est mortem amplexari,

a corpse, a skeleton, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 33.—

Like phonos, the blood shed by murder:

ensem multā morte recepit,

Verg. A. 9, 348.—

That which brings death (of missiles), a deadly weapon ( poet.):

mille cavet lapsas circum cava tempora mortes,

Stat. Th. 6, 792; Luc. 7, 517:

per pectora saevas Exceptat mortes,

Sil. 9, 369.—Of a sentence or threat of death:

ut auferat a me mortem istam,

Vulg. Ex. 10, 17;

of terrible pangs and anxieties: contritiones mortis,

id. 2 Reg. 22, 5:

dolores mortis,

id. Psa. 18, 4; 116, 3;

of a cruel and murderous officer: aderat mors terrorque sociorum et civium lictor Sestius,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118.—

Esp. (eccl. Lat.):

mors secunda,

the second death, future punishment, Vulg. Apoc. 2, 11; 20, 6; 14:

mors alone,

id. 1 Joh. 5, 16; also spiritual death, that of a soul under the dominion of sin:

stimulus mortis peccatum est,

id. 1 Cor. 15, 56; Rom. 8, 6 et saep.; cf. Lact. 7, 10 fin.

mors, tis, f. [root mor, v. morior] (dat. morte, Varr. ap. Gell. 24), death in every form, natural or violent (syn.: letum, nex).

Lit.:

omnium rerum mors est extremum,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79:

mortem sibi consciscere,

to kill one's self, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 129:

obire,

to die, id. Phil. 5, 17, 48;

Plaut Aul. prol. 15: nam necessest me... cras mortem exequi,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 38:

certae occumbere morti,

to submit to, Verg. A. 2, 62:

aliquem ad mortem dare,

to put to death, kill, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 177:

morti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 197:

aliquem morte multare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 50; so,

per vim,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 14:

morte multatus,

id. Tusc. 1, 40, 97; Tac. A. 6, 9; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 15; Lact. 2, 9, 24:

morte punire,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 12; Tac. A. 4, 44; 11, 18:

mortis poena,

Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

morti addici,

id. Off. 3, 10, 45:

omne humanum genus morte damnatum est,

Sen. Ep. 71, 15:

Antonius civium suorum vitae sedebat mortisque arbiter,

Sen. Polyb. 16, 2:

vitae et mortis habere potestatem,

Vulg. Sap. 16, 13:

illata per scelus,

assassination, Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

ad mortem se offerre pro patriā,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 32: afferre, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

multare aliquem usque ad mortem,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 9:

morte cadere,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 15: morte acerbissimā affici, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

multare,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 100:

ad mortem duci,

id. Tusc. 1, 42, 100:

cui legatio ipsa morti fuisset,

brought death, id. Phil. 9, 1, 3:

imperfecta,

blindness, Stat. Th. 11, 582: morte suā mori, to die a natural death:

bella res est, mori suā morte,

Sen. Ep. 69, 6:

mors suprema,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173; Sil. 5, 416: mortis fine, Boëth. Consol. 2, 7: quae rapit ultima mors est, Lucil. ap. Sen. Ep. 24, 20: proximus morti = moriens, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 8; App. M. 1, 72; cf.:

morti vicinus,

Aug. Serm. 306, 10; Hier. in Joel, 1, 13 al.; cf.:

cui, mors cum appropinquet,

Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

cujus aetati mors propior erat,

Sall. H. 2, 41, 9:

adpropinquante morte,

Cic. Div. 1, 30, 64 sq.:

ut prorogetur tibi dies mortis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 17, 6:

circa mortis diem,

id. Ep. 27, 2:

mansurum est vitium usque ad diem mortis,

Cels. 7, 7, 15 init. — Poet.:

mors sola fatetur quantula sint hominum corpuscula,

Juv. 10, 173. —In plur.:

mortes, when several persons are spoken of: praeclarae mortes sunt imperatoriae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Hor. S. 1, 3, 108:

meorum,

Plin. Ep. 8, 16, 1:

perdere mortes,

to throw away lives, to die in vain, Stat. Th. 9, 58:

hinc subitae mortes,

Juv. 1, 144.—Also of different forms or modes of death:

omnīs per mortīs,

Verg. A. 10, 854; cf.:

omni imagine mortium,

Tac. H. 3, 28; Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2.—Rarely of an abstract thing:

fere rerum omnium oblivio morsque memoriae,

death, total loss, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 142.—

Personified.

Mors, a goddess, the daughter of Erebus and Nox, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; Verg. A. 11, 197; Hyg. Fab. praef.—

(Eccl. Lat.) = eum qui habebat mortis imperium, id est, diabolum, Vulg. Heb. 2, 14; id. Isa. 28, 15; cf.:

ero mors tua, o mors,

id. Hos. 13, 14; id. Apoc. 6, 8.—

Transf.

A dead body, corpse (mostly poet.): morte campos contegi, with corpses, Att. ap. Non. 110, 31:

mortem ejus (Clodii) lacerari,

body, corpse, Cic. Mil. 32, 86; Cat. 64, 362; Prop. 3, 5, 22:

vitis, quam juxta hominis mors laqueo pependerit,

Plin. 14, 19, 23, § 119; Stat. Th. 1, 768.—Hence, jestingly, of an old man:

odiosum est mortem amplexari,

a corpse, a skeleton, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 33.—

Like phonos, the blood shed by murder:

ensem multā morte recepit,

Verg. A. 9, 348.—

That which brings death (of missiles), a deadly weapon ( poet.):

mille cavet lapsas circum cava tempora mortes,

Stat. Th. 6, 792; Luc. 7, 517:

per pectora saevas Exceptat mortes,

Sil. 9, 369.—Of a sentence or threat of death:

ut auferat a me mortem istam,

Vulg. Ex. 10, 17;

of terrible pangs and anxieties: contritiones mortis,

id. 2 Reg. 22, 5:

dolores mortis,

id. Psa. 18, 4; 116, 3;

of a cruel and murderous officer: aderat mors terrorque sociorum et civium lictor Sestius,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118.—

Esp. (eccl. Lat.):

mors secunda,

the second death, future punishment, Vulg. Apoc. 2, 11; 20, 6; 14:

mors alone,

id. 1 Joh. 5, 16; also spiritual death, that of a soul under the dominion of sin:

stimulus mortis peccatum est,

id. 1 Cor. 15, 56; Rom. 8, 6 et saep.; cf. Lact. 7, 10 fin.

nōmen, ĭnis (archaic form of gen. sing. NOMINVS, S. C. de Bacch. Corp. Inscr. Lat. 196, 8), n. [for gnōmen, from root gno, whence gnosco, nosco, co-gnosco], a name, appellation (syn. vocabulum).

Lit.:

nomen est, quod unicuique personae datur, quo suo quaeque proprio et certo vocabulo appellatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 134:

imponere nova rebus nomina,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 3:

qui haec rebus nomina posuerunt,

id. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

appellare aliquem nomine,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

huic urbi nomen Epidamno inditum est,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 37; cf. Liv. 7, 2, 6:

Theophrastus divinitate loquendi nomen invenit,

Cic. Or. 19, 62:

lituus ab ejus litui, quo canitur, similitudine nomen invenit,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13 et saep.:

ludi, Pythia de domitae serpentis nomine dicti,

Ov. M. 1, 447:

clari nominis vir,

Vell. 2, 34, 4:

nominis minoris vir,

id. 2, 100, 5; cf. id. 2, 112, 2; 2, 103, 1: est mihi nomen, inditur mihi nomen, with nom.:

cui saltationi Titius nomen est,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

eique morbo nomen est avaritia,

id. Tusc. 4, 11, 24:

canibus pigris... Nomen erit pardus, tigris, leo,

Juv. 8, 36.—With dat.:

haec sunt aedes, hic habet: Lesbonico'st nomen,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 110:

juventus nomen fecit Peniculo mihi,

id. Men. 1, 1, 1:

nam mihi est Auxilio nomen,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 6:

huic ego die nomen Trinummo facio,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 1:

nomen Arcturo est mihi,

id. Rud. prol. 5:

cantus cui nomen neniae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 62:

puero ab inopiā nomen Egerio est inditum,

Liv. 1, 34:

est illis strigibus nomen,

Ov. F. 6, 139.—With gen.:

cujus nomen est Viventis,

Vulg. Gen. 25, 11.—Rarely with ad:

ut det nomen ad molas coloniam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Nomen dare, edere, profiteri, ad nomina respondere, to give in one's name, be enrolled, enlist; to answer to one's name when summoned to military duty:

ne nomina darent,

Liv. 2, 24:

nomina profiteri,

id. 2, 24:

nominis edendi apud consules potestas,

id. 2, 24:

virgis caesi, qui ad nomina non respondissent,

id. 7, 4; also,

dare nomen in conjurationem,

to join the conspiracy, Tac. A. 15, 48:

ab re nomen habet (terra),

is named for, Liv. 38, 18, 4:

quae (sapientia) divinarum humanarumque rerum cognitione hoc nomen apud antiquos adsequebatur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:

dea (Viriplaca) nomen hoc a placandis viris fertur adsecuta,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 6.—Esp.:

nomen accipere = nominari: turris quae nomen ab insulā accepit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 1; Quint. 3, 3, 13; Just. 1, 5, 1; Tac. A. 6, 37; 15, 74; Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 8.—

In partic., the middle name of the three which every freeborn Roman had, as distinguished from the praenomen and cognomen. The nomen distinguished one gens from another, the cognomen one familia from another, and the praenomen one member of the familia from another, Quint. 7, 3, 27.—But sometimes nomen is used in the signif. of praenomen:

id nomen (sc. Gaja),

Cic. Mur. 12, 27.—So, too, in the signif. of cognomen:

Sex. Clodius, cui nomen est Phormio,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 27; cf.:

tamquam habeas tria nomina,

i. e. as if you were a Roman, Juv. 5, 127.—

Esp. in phrase: sub nomine, under the assumed name:

qui litteras exitiales Demetrio sub nomine Flaminini adtulerant,

Liv. 40, 54, 9:

sub nomine meo,

Quint. 7, 2, 24:

carmina sub alieno nomine edere,

Suet. Aug. 55:

multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur,

Tac. A. 6, 12; 13, 25; id. H. 1, 5; cf.:

rogatio repente sub unius tribuni nomine promulgatur,

Liv. 43, 16, 6; Suet. Aug. 29; Plin. Pan. 50, 5; cf. also II. B. infra.—

A title of power or honor:

imperatoris,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 14.—

In gram., a noun, Quint. 1, 4, 18; 1, 5, 42 et saep.—

Transf.

Nomen alicu jus deferre, to bring an accusation against, to accuse a person:

nomen alicujus de parricidio deferre,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28: nomen recipere, to receive the accusation:

palam de sellā ac tribunali pronuntiat: si quis absentem Sthenium rei capitalis reum facere vellet, sese ejus nomen recepturum: et simul, ut nomen deferret, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf. context.—

A bond, note, a demand, claim, a debt: tituli debitorum nomina dicuntur praesertim in iis debitis, in quibus hominum nomina scripta sunt, quibus pecuniae commodatae sunt, Ascon. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

repromittam istoc nomine solutam rem futuram,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 48:

si neque in tuas tabulas ullum nomen referres, cum tot tibi nominibus acceptum Curtii referrent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 102:

qui tibi, ut ais, certis nominibus grandem pecuniam debuit,

on good bonds, good security, id. Quint. 11, 38; cf.:

egone hos digitos meos impellere potui, ut falsum perscriberent nomen?

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 1:

volo persolvere, ut expungatur nomen, ne quid debeam,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 40; so,

solvere,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7:

expedire, exsolvere,

id. ib. 16, 6, 3:

nomina sua exigere,

to collect one's debts, id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

hoc nomen, quod urget, nunc, cum petitur, dissolvere,

id. Planc. 28, 68:

transcribere in alium,

Liv. 35, 7:

qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice nomen,

comes with a huge ledger to sue for a doubtful debt, Juv. 7, 110.—

Nomina facere, in the case of written obligations, to set down or book the items of debt in the account-book:

nomina se facturum, qua ego vellem die,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:

emit homo cupidus (Canius) tanti, quanti Pythius voluit et emit instructos: nomina facit (Pythius), negotium conficit,

id. Off. 3, 14, 59:

nomina facturi diligenter in patrimonium et vasa debitoris inquirimus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 2.—

Nomen locare, to offer as surety, Phaedr. 1, 16, 1 (dub.).—

Transf., an item of debt; and hence, a debtor:

hoc sum assecutus, ut bonum nomen existimer,

i. e. a good payer, Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 2:

lenta nomina non mala,

Sen. Ben. 5, 22, 1; cf. id. ib. 7, 29, 2; Col. 1, 7, 2.—

A family, race, stock, people, nation:

C. Octavium in familiam nomenque adoptavit,

Suet. Caes. 83:

Crispum C. Sallustius in nomen ascivit,

Tac. A. 3, 30; Luc. 7, 584.—

With national names: nomen Romanum, whatever is called Roman, i. e. the Roman dominion, nation, power; esp. of the army:

gens infestissuma nomini Romano,

Sall. C. 52, 24: CEIVIS ROMANVS NEVE NOMINVS LATINI NEVE SOCIVM QVISQVAM, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; so,

concitatis sociis et nomine Latino,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41:

ubi deletum omnibus videretur nomen Romanum,

Liv. 23, 6, 3:

relicum Romani nominis,

id. 22, 55, 5; 27, 33, 11; 1, 10, 3; cf. id. 9, 7, 1:

Aeolio regnatas nomine terras,

Sil. 14, 70:

Volscūm nomen prope deletum est,

Liv. 3, 8, 10:

nomen Atheniensium tueri,

Just. 5, 6, 9.—

Poet.

A thing:

infaustum interluit Allia nomen,

Verg. A. 7, 717.—

A person:

popularia nomina Drusos,

Luc. 6, 759; 1, 311:

nec fidum femina nomen,

Tib. 3, 4, 61:

in diversa trahunt unum duo nomina pectus,

i. e. the love of a mother and sister, Ov. M. 8, 464; id. H. 8, 30.—

Trop.

Name, fame, repute, reputation, renown (syn.:

existimatio, fama): hujus magnum nomen fuit,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

nomen habere,

id. ib. 69, 244:

magnum in oratoribus nomen habere,

id. Or. 6, 22:

officere nomini alicujus, Liv. praef. § 3: et nos aliquod nomenque decusque Gessimus,

Verg. A. 2, 89:

nomen gerere,

Lact. 1, 20, 3; 4, 29, 15 al.:

multi Lydia nominis Romanā vigui clarior Iliā,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 7:

nomen alicujus stringere,

Ov. Tr. 2, 350:

homines nonnullius in litteris nominis, Plin Ep. 7, 20, 3: parentes, quorum maximum nomen in civitatibus est suis,

Liv. 22, 22, 13.—Of ill repute, bad reputation: malum nomen (only rare and late Lat.): magis eligendum in paupertate nomen bonum quam in divitiis nomen pessimum, Hier. Com. Ep. Tit., Paris, 1546, p. 104 H.—

Of inanimate things:

ne vinum nomen perdat,

Cato, R. R. 25:

nec Baccho genus aut pomis sua nomina servat,

Verg. G. 2, 240.—

A title, pretext, pretence, color, excuse, account, sake, reason, authority, behalf, etc.: alio nomine et aliā de causā abstulisse. Cic. Rosc. Com. [p. 1214] 14, 40:

legis agrariae simulatione atque nomine,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 15:

classis nomine pecuniam imperatam queruntur,

id. Fl. 12, 27:

haec a te peto amicitiae nostrae nomine,

id. Fam. 12, 12, 3; 2, 1, 1:

nomine sceleris conjurationisque damnati,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

nomine neglegentiae suspectum esse,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

quid exornamus philosophiam, aut quid ejus nomine gloriosi sumus?

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 33:

qui cum luxuriose viverent, non reprehenderentur eo nomine,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 21:

gratias boni viri agebant et tuo nomine gratulabantur,

on your account, id. Phil. 1, 12, 30:

Antonio tuo nomine gratias egi,

on your behalf, id. Att. 1, 16, 16:

legationes tuo nomine proficiscentes,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

quem quidem tibi etiam suo nomine commendo,

for his own sake, id. ib. 13, 21, 2:

meo nomine,

Tac. H. 1, 29:

feminarum suarum nomine,

id. G. 8:

bellum populo Romano suo nomine indixit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 14:

decretae eo nomine supplicationes,

Tac. A. 14, 59;

but: acceptā ex aerario pecuniā tuo nomine,

on your responsibility, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7.—

A name, as opposed to the reality:

me nomen habere duarum legionum exilium (opp. exercitum habere tantum),

Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1:

Campani magis nomen ad praesidium sociorum, quam vires cum attulissent,

Liv. 7, 29:

nomen amicitia est, nomen inane fides,

Ov. A. A. 1, 740.—

In eccl. Lat.,

Periphrastically:

invocavit nomen Domini,

Vulg. Gen. 13, 4:

omnipotens nomen ejus,

ib. Exod. 15, 3:

psallam nomini Domini,

ib. Psa. 7, 18:

blasphemare nomen ejus,

ib. Apoc. 13, 6.—

Delegated power:

in nomine tuo daemones eicimus,

Vulg. Matt. 7, 22:

in quo nomine fecistis,

ib. Act. 4, 7:

locuti sunt in nomine Domini,

ib. Jacob. 5, 10.

pax, pācis, f. [from the root pac, pag, pacisco, pango;

whence also pagina, pagus, q. v.: pacem a pactione conditionum putat dictam Sinnius Capito, quae utrique inter se populo sit observanda,

Fest. p. 230 Müll.; orig. an agreement, contract, treaty; hence], peace, concluded between parties at variance, esp. between belligerents; a treaty of peace; tranquillity, the absence of war, amity, reconciliation after a quarrel, public or private (cf. indutiae):

quando ita rem gessistis... Pax conmerciumque'st vobis mecum,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 14:

pacem componi volo Meo patre cum matri,

id. Merc. 5, 2, 113: orator sine pace redit, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 41 Müll. (Ann. v. 211 Vahl.): pacem inter sese conciliant, id. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 39 (Trag. v. 164 ib.):

videndum est cum omnibusne pax esse possit, an sit aliquod bellum inexpiabile,

Cic. Phil. 13, 1, 1; 12, 5, 10:

pax est tranquilla libertas,

id. ib. 2, 44, 113:

nihil est tam populare quam pax, tranquillitas, otium,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 102; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1:

esse pacem alicui cum aliquo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 7; 7, 8, 21:

pacem habere,

id. Att. 7, 14, 1:

conciliare inter cives,

id. Fam. 10, 27, 1:

conficere,

id. Fl. 12, 29:

coagmentare,

id. Phil. 7, 7, 24:

servare,

id. ib. 7, 8, 22:

confirmare cum aliquo,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

pace uti,

id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4:

dimittere aliquem cum pace,

id. Mur. 15, 32:

suscipienda bella sunt... ut sine injuriā in pace vivatur (cf. II. 2. infra),

id. Off. 1, 11, 35:

quem L. Sulla, cum bellum invexisset totam in Asiam, cum pace dimisit,

id. Mur. 15, 32:

pacem petere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27:

pangere cum aliquo,

Liv. 9, 11:

componere,

id. 2, 13:

impetrare,

id. 30, 35:

classis bona cum pace accepta est,

id. 28, 37:

itaque pax populo Caeriti data,

id. 7, 20:

Bocchus neque bello neque pace antea cognitus,

Sall. J. 19, 7:

pacem agitare,

id. ib. 14, 10:

rumpere,

Verg. A. 12, 202:

et sumptā et positā pace,

Prop. 2, 1, 36:

pacem turbare,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

additis qui pacem nostram metuebant,

i. e. the peace granted by us. id. ib. 12, 33;

12, 29: pace belloque rempublicam regere,

Suet. Aug. 61; id. Tib. 37:

bello ac pace,

both in war and in peace, Liv. 8, 35; Stat. Th. 4, 839:

in pace,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 110; Tac. A. 11, 10; 14, 39:

in mediā pace,

Liv. 36, 11, 2:

mediā pace,

Tac. A. 14, 32; Curt. 8, 10, 17:

in intimo sinu pacis,

Plin. Pan. 56, 4:

alta pax,

Sen. Thyest. 576.—

Plur.:

hostibus victis, pacibus perfectis, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 1; Varr. ap. Non. 149, 15: jura, judicia, bella atque paces penes paucos erant, Sall. J. 31, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 8; 2, 1, 102 (Lucr. 5, 1230, ventorum paces is spurious; v. Lachm.).—

Personified:

Pax,

the goddess of peace, Peace, Ov. F. 1, 709 sq.; 3, 882; Hor. C. S. 57; Suet. Vesp. 9; Petr. S. 124; Nep. Tim. 2; Inscr. Orell. 1823.—

Transf.

Grace, favor, pardon, assistance of the gods:

pacem ab Aesculapio petas,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 20:

Jovis supremi multis hostiis pacem expetere,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 75:

sunt hic omnia quae ad deūm pacem oportet adesse? (sc. expetundam),

id. Poen. 1, 2, 42:

divum, pacem votis adit,

Lucr. 5, 1229:

ab Jove Opt. Max. pacem ac veniam peto,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 5:

pacis deūm exposcendae causā lectisternium fuit,

Liv. 7, 2:

exorat pacem divom,

Verg. A. 3, 370; 3, 261; id. G. 4, 535; Just. 20, 2, 7.—

Pace tuā, alicujus, with your (or his) good leave or permission:

pace quod fiat tuā,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 13:

pace tuā dixerim,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76:

C. Claudi pace loquar,

Liv. 3, 19, 7:

pace majestatis ejus dixerim,

Vell. 2, 129, 3:

pace diligentiae Catonis dixerim,

id. 1, 7, 4:

pace loquar Veneris: tu dea major eris,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 60.—

Dominion, empire, of the Romans (post-Aug.):

pax Romana,

Sen. Clem. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

haec tot milia gladiorum, quae pax mea (i. e. Neronis) comprimit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

immensa Romanae pacis majestate,

Plin. 27, 1, 1, § 3:

nostra,

Tac. A. 12, 33.—

Pax, as an interj., peace! silence! enough! pax, abi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Ps. 5, 1, 33; id. Stich. 5, 7, 3 al.:

capillus passus, prolixus, circum caput Rejectus neglegenter: pax!

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 49; 4, 3, 39; Aus. Idyll. 12 fin. —

Trop., peace, rest, quiet, ease.

Of inanim. objects, as of the sea:

pax ipsa tumet,

Stat. Th. 7, 87:

sensim infusa tranquilla per aequora pace,

Sil. 7, 258.—Of a river:

flumen cum pace delabens,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 35:

fluminis,

Flor. 4, 2, 28.—Of the countenance:

pacem vultus habet,

tranquillity, Ov. M. 2, 858.—

Peace, tranquillity of mind:

pax animi,

sleep, Ov. M. 11, 624:

mentis,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 4:

temperantia pacem animis affert,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 26:

semper in animo sapientis est placidissima pax,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 48.—

The rest or peace of death:

excepit illum magna et aeterna pax,

Sen. ad Marc. 19, 5: so, REQVIESCIT IN PACE, a formula frequently found in later, esp. in Christian epitaphs, borrowed from Jewish grave-stones, on which, etc., very frequently occurred; v. the Lat.Hebr. epit. on a Jewess, in Murat. p. 1842, 4, and cf. the inscr. ib. p. 1674, 3.—

Peace in the church, harmony (eccl. Lat.):

quamdiu pax est in populo Dei,

Lact. 5, 21, 4; 5, 13, 10.

Pax, Pācis, m., a slave's name, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 94 (889 Ritschl).

pax, pācis, f. [from the root pac, pag, pacisco, pango;

whence also pagina, pagus, q. v.: pacem a pactione conditionum putat dictam Sinnius Capito, quae utrique inter se populo sit observanda,

Fest. p. 230 Müll.; orig. an agreement, contract, treaty; hence], peace, concluded between parties at variance, esp. between belligerents; a treaty of peace; tranquillity, the absence of war, amity, reconciliation after a quarrel, public or private (cf. indutiae):

quando ita rem gessistis... Pax conmerciumque'st vobis mecum,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 14:

pacem componi volo Meo patre cum matri,

id. Merc. 5, 2, 113: orator sine pace redit, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 41 Müll. (Ann. v. 211 Vahl.): pacem inter sese conciliant, id. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 39 (Trag. v. 164 ib.):

videndum est cum omnibusne pax esse possit, an sit aliquod bellum inexpiabile,

Cic. Phil. 13, 1, 1; 12, 5, 10:

pax est tranquilla libertas,

id. ib. 2, 44, 113:

nihil est tam populare quam pax, tranquillitas, otium,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 102; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1:

esse pacem alicui cum aliquo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 7; 7, 8, 21:

pacem habere,

id. Att. 7, 14, 1:

conciliare inter cives,

id. Fam. 10, 27, 1:

conficere,

id. Fl. 12, 29:

coagmentare,

id. Phil. 7, 7, 24:

servare,

id. ib. 7, 8, 22:

confirmare cum aliquo,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

pace uti,

id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4:

dimittere aliquem cum pace,

id. Mur. 15, 32:

suscipienda bella sunt... ut sine injuriā in pace vivatur (cf. II. 2. infra),

id. Off. 1, 11, 35:

quem L. Sulla, cum bellum invexisset totam in Asiam, cum pace dimisit,

id. Mur. 15, 32:

pacem petere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27:

pangere cum aliquo,

Liv. 9, 11:

componere,

id. 2, 13:

impetrare,

id. 30, 35:

classis bona cum pace accepta est,

id. 28, 37:

itaque pax populo Caeriti data,

id. 7, 20:

Bocchus neque bello neque pace antea cognitus,

Sall. J. 19, 7:

pacem agitare,

id. ib. 14, 10:

rumpere,

Verg. A. 12, 202:

et sumptā et positā pace,

Prop. 2, 1, 36:

pacem turbare,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

additis qui pacem nostram metuebant,

i. e. the peace granted by us. id. ib. 12, 33;

12, 29: pace belloque rempublicam regere,

Suet. Aug. 61; id. Tib. 37:

bello ac pace,

both in war and in peace, Liv. 8, 35; Stat. Th. 4, 839:

in pace,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 110; Tac. A. 11, 10; 14, 39:

in mediā pace,

Liv. 36, 11, 2:

mediā pace,

Tac. A. 14, 32; Curt. 8, 10, 17:

in intimo sinu pacis,

Plin. Pan. 56, 4:

alta pax,

Sen. Thyest. 576.—

Plur.:

hostibus victis, pacibus perfectis, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 1; Varr. ap. Non. 149, 15: jura, judicia, bella atque paces penes paucos erant, Sall. J. 31, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 8; 2, 1, 102 (Lucr. 5, 1230, ventorum paces is spurious; v. Lachm.).—

Personified:

Pax,

the goddess of peace, Peace, Ov. F. 1, 709 sq.; 3, 882; Hor. C. S. 57; Suet. Vesp. 9; Petr. S. 124; Nep. Tim. 2; Inscr. Orell. 1823.—

Transf.

Grace, favor, pardon, assistance of the gods:

pacem ab Aesculapio petas,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 20:

Jovis supremi multis hostiis pacem expetere,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 75:

sunt hic omnia quae ad deūm pacem oportet adesse? (sc. expetundam),

id. Poen. 1, 2, 42:

divum, pacem votis adit,

Lucr. 5, 1229:

ab Jove Opt. Max. pacem ac veniam peto,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 5:

pacis deūm exposcendae causā lectisternium fuit,

Liv. 7, 2:

exorat pacem divom,

Verg. A. 3, 370; 3, 261; id. G. 4, 535; Just. 20, 2, 7.—

Pace tuā, alicujus, with your (or his) good leave or permission:

pace quod fiat tuā,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 13:

pace tuā dixerim,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76:

C. Claudi pace loquar,

Liv. 3, 19, 7:

pace majestatis ejus dixerim,

Vell. 2, 129, 3:

pace diligentiae Catonis dixerim,

id. 1, 7, 4:

pace loquar Veneris: tu dea major eris,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 60.—

Dominion, empire, of the Romans (post-Aug.):

pax Romana,

Sen. Clem. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

haec tot milia gladiorum, quae pax mea (i. e. Neronis) comprimit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

immensa Romanae pacis majestate,

Plin. 27, 1, 1, § 3:

nostra,

Tac. A. 12, 33.—

Pax, as an interj., peace! silence! enough! pax, abi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Ps. 5, 1, 33; id. Stich. 5, 7, 3 al.:

capillus passus, prolixus, circum caput Rejectus neglegenter: pax!

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 49; 4, 3, 39; Aus. Idyll. 12 fin. —

Trop., peace, rest, quiet, ease.

Of inanim. objects, as of the sea:

pax ipsa tumet,

Stat. Th. 7, 87:

sensim infusa tranquilla per aequora pace,

Sil. 7, 258.—Of a river:

flumen cum pace delabens,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 35:

fluminis,

Flor. 4, 2, 28.—Of the countenance:

pacem vultus habet,

tranquillity, Ov. M. 2, 858.—

Peace, tranquillity of mind:

pax animi,

sleep, Ov. M. 11, 624:

mentis,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 4:

temperantia pacem animis affert,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 26:

semper in animo sapientis est placidissima pax,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 48.—

The rest or peace of death:

excepit illum magna et aeterna pax,

Sen. ad Marc. 19, 5: so, REQVIESCIT IN PACE, a formula frequently found in later, esp. in Christian epitaphs, borrowed from Jewish grave-stones, on which, etc., very frequently occurred; v. the Lat.Hebr. epit. on a Jewess, in Murat. p. 1842, 4, and cf. the inscr. ib. p. 1674, 3.—

Peace in the church, harmony (eccl. Lat.):

quamdiu pax est in populo Dei,

Lact. 5, 21, 4; 5, 13, 10.

Pax, Pācis, m., a slave's name, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 94 (889 Ritschl).

pŏtentātus, ūs, m. [id.], might, power.

In gen. (eccl. Lat.), Arn. 1, 31.—

In partic., political power, rule, dominion, command (= principatus; so class.): post interitum Tatii cum ad eum potentatus omnis recidisset, * Cic. Rep. 2, 8, 14:

de potentatu contendere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 4; Liv. 26, 38, 7.—

Transf., of persons, a potentate (late Lat.), plur.:

honores et potentatus contemnere,

Lact. 6, 17 med.; Cypr. Exh. Mart. 11.

pŏtentĭa, ae, f. [potens], might, force, power.

Lit. (class.; cf.:

potestas, opes): armorum tenendorum potentia,

Liv. 21, 54 fin.:

potentia solis Acrior,

Verg. G. 1, 92:

ventosa,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 27:

formae,

id. M. 10, 573:

morbi,

id. ib. 7, 537:

occulti miranda potentia fati,

Juv. 7, 200.—

Transf., efficacy, virtue ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

herbarum,

Ov. M. 1, 522:

dictamni,

Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94:

potentia achatae contra scorpiones,

id. 37, 10, 54, § 142:

aquarum,

id. 31, 1, 1, § 1.—

Trop.

In gen., ability, faculty, capacity (post-class.):

supra humanam potentiam magnitudine animi praeditus,

Just. 12, 16, 1:

facultas videndi,

Cels. 7, 7, 13 fin.:

audiendi,

id. 7, 8:

loquendi,

id. 7, 12, 4.—

Political power, authority, sway, influence (class.):

potentia est ad sua conservanda et alterius obtinenda idonearum rerum facultas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 169:

postquam divitiae honori esse coeperunt, et eas gloria, imperium, potentia sequebatur,

Sall. C. 12, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 14:

erant in magnā potentiā, qui consulebantur,

were in great authority, Cic. Mur. 11, 25:

potentiam alicujus criminari,

id. Mil. 5, 12:

singularis,

the rule of an individual, monarchical power, Nep. Dion, 9, 5:

rerum,

supreme dominion, sovereignty, Ov. M. 2, 259.—In plur.:

contra periculosissimas hominum potentias,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22.—

In abl.: potentiā, virtually, Boethius, Analyt. Post. 1, 24.

Pŏtentĭa, ae, f.

A town in Picenum, now S. Maria di Potenza, Liv. 39, 44; Cic. Har. Resp. 28, 62; Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 111.—Hence,

Pŏtentīnus, a, um, adj., Potentian:

ager,

Front. Colon. p. 123 Goes.—

A town in Lucania, now Potenza; hence, Pŏtentīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Potentia, in Lucania, Plin. 3, 11, 15, § 98.

pŏtentĭa, ae, f. [potens], might, force, power.

Lit. (class.; cf.:

potestas, opes): armorum tenendorum potentia,

Liv. 21, 54 fin.:

potentia solis Acrior,

Verg. G. 1, 92:

ventosa,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 27:

formae,

id. M. 10, 573:

morbi,

id. ib. 7, 537:

occulti miranda potentia fati,

Juv. 7, 200.—

Transf., efficacy, virtue ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

herbarum,

Ov. M. 1, 522:

dictamni,

Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94:

potentia achatae contra scorpiones,

id. 37, 10, 54, § 142:

aquarum,

id. 31, 1, 1, § 1.—

Trop.

In gen., ability, faculty, capacity (post-class.):

supra humanam potentiam magnitudine animi praeditus,

Just. 12, 16, 1:

facultas videndi,

Cels. 7, 7, 13 fin.:

audiendi,

id. 7, 8:

loquendi,

id. 7, 12, 4.—

Political power, authority, sway, influence (class.):

potentia est ad sua conservanda et alterius obtinenda idonearum rerum facultas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 169:

postquam divitiae honori esse coeperunt, et eas gloria, imperium, potentia sequebatur,

Sall. C. 12, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 14:

erant in magnā potentiā, qui consulebantur,

were in great authority, Cic. Mur. 11, 25:

potentiam alicujus criminari,

id. Mil. 5, 12:

singularis,

the rule of an individual, monarchical power, Nep. Dion, 9, 5:

rerum,

supreme dominion, sovereignty, Ov. M. 2, 259.—In plur.:

contra periculosissimas hominum potentias,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22.—

In abl.: potentiā, virtually, Boethius, Analyt. Post. 1, 24.

Pŏtentĭa, ae, f.

A town in Picenum, now S. Maria di Potenza, Liv. 39, 44; Cic. Har. Resp. 28, 62; Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 111.—Hence,

Pŏtentīnus, a, um, adj., Potentian:

ager,

Front. Colon. p. 123 Goes.—

A town in Lucania, now Potenza; hence, Pŏtentīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Potentia, in Lucania, Plin. 3, 11, 15, § 98.

pŏtentĭa, ae, f. [potens], might, force, power.

Lit. (class.; cf.:

potestas, opes): armorum tenendorum potentia,

Liv. 21, 54 fin.:

potentia solis Acrior,

Verg. G. 1, 92:

ventosa,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 27:

formae,

id. M. 10, 573:

morbi,

id. ib. 7, 537:

occulti miranda potentia fati,

Juv. 7, 200.—

Transf., efficacy, virtue ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

herbarum,

Ov. M. 1, 522:

dictamni,

Plin. 25, 8, 53, § 94:

potentia achatae contra scorpiones,

id. 37, 10, 54, § 142:

aquarum,

id. 31, 1, 1, § 1.—

Trop.

In gen., ability, faculty, capacity (post-class.):

supra humanam potentiam magnitudine animi praeditus,

Just. 12, 16, 1:

facultas videndi,

Cels. 7, 7, 13 fin.:

audiendi,

id. 7, 8:

loquendi,

id. 7, 12, 4.—

Political power, authority, sway, influence (class.):

potentia est ad sua conservanda et alterius obtinenda idonearum rerum facultas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 169:

postquam divitiae honori esse coeperunt, et eas gloria, imperium, potentia sequebatur,

Sall. C. 12, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 14:

erant in magnā potentiā, qui consulebantur,

were in great authority, Cic. Mur. 11, 25:

potentiam alicujus criminari,

id. Mil. 5, 12:

singularis,

the rule of an individual, monarchical power, Nep. Dion, 9, 5:

rerum,

supreme dominion, sovereignty, Ov. M. 2, 259.—In plur.:

contra periculosissimas hominum potentias,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22.—

In abl.: potentiā, virtually, Boethius, Analyt. Post. 1, 24.

Pŏtentĭa, ae, f.

A town in Picenum, now S. Maria di Potenza, Liv. 39, 44; Cic. Har. Resp. 28, 62; Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 111.—Hence,

Pŏtentīnus, a, um, adj., Potentian:

ager,

Front. Colon. p. 123 Goes.—

A town in Lucania, now Potenza; hence, Pŏtentīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Potentia, in Lucania, Plin. 3, 11, 15, § 98.

pŏtestas, ātis ( gen. plur. potestatium, Sen. Ep. 115, 7; Plin. 29, 4, 20, § 67), f. [possum].

Lit., in gen., ability, power of doing any thing (class.):

SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: vim tantam in se et potestatem habere tantae astutiae,

to have such a power of craftiness, to be able to devise such tricks, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 32:

aut potestas defuit aut facultas aut voluntas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

habere potestatem vitae necisque in aliquem,

id. Dom. 29, 77; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

potestatem alicui deferre beneficiorum tribuendorum,

id. Balb. 16, 37. — Poet., with inf.:

potestas occurrere telis... ensem avellere dextrā,

Stat. Th. 3, 296; Luc. 2, 40.—

In phrases.

Esse in potestate alicujus, to be in one's power, under one's control, to be subject to (for a description of the relation of potestas under the Roman law, and of the classes of persons to whom it applied, v. Gai. Inst. 1, 49 sqq.):

mittuntur legati, qui nuntient, ut sit in senatūs populique Romani potestate,

Cic. Phil. 6, 2, 4:

esse in dicione ac potestate alicujus,

id. Quint. 2, 6: habere familiam in potestate, to keep them slaves, not to free them, Liv. 8, 15.—

Esse in suā potestate, to be one's own master, Nep. Att. 6, 1; so,

esse suae potestatis,

Liv. 31, 45.—

Jus potestatemque habere imperandi, Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 30; cf.:

cum consulis eā de re jus ac potestatem esse dixisset,

had jurisdiction and authority over it, Liv. 24, 39.—

Est mea (tua, etc.) potestas, I have the power, I can, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 42; cf.:

sed volui meam potestatem esse vel petendi, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6.—

In partic.

Political power, dominion, rule, empire, sovereignty (syn.:

imperium, dicio): Thessaliam in potestatem Thebanorum redigere,

Nep. Pelop. 5, 1; Liv. 24, 31; so,

sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4:

esse in potestate alicujus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 136:

tenere aliquem in suā potestate ac dicione,

id. ib. 2, 1, 38, §

97: venire in arbitrium ac potestatem alicujus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 57, § 150.—

Magisterial power, authority, office, magistracy (syn.:

magistratus, auctoritas): potestas praetoria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69:

qui togatus in re publicā cum potestate imperioque versatus sit,

id. Phil. 1, 7, 18:

modo ut bonā ratione emerit, nihil pro potestate, nihil ab invito,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:

cum potestate aut legatione in provinciam proficisci,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, § 9; id. Clu. 27, 74:

censores dederunt operam, ut ita potestatem gererent, ut, etc.,

so to administer the office, id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138; id. Agr. 2, 6, 14.—In plur.:

imperia, potestates, legationes,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

in potestatibus gerendis,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 14.—

Transf.

A person in office, a public officer, magistrate:

a magistratu aut ab aliquā potestate legitimā evocatus,

by some lawful authority, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74:

mavis Fidenarum esse potestas,

Juv. 10, 100.—

A ruler, supreme monarch:

hominum rerumque aeterna potestas,

i. e. Jupiter, Verg. A. 10, 18:

nihil est quod credere de se Non possit, cum laudatur dis aequa potestas,

Juv. 4, 71 (v. context): potestates, = archai, the highest magistrates, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26; Suet. Ner. 36; Amm. 31, 12, 5:

celsae potestates,

officers of state, id. 14, 1, 10:

jurisdictionem potestatibus per provincias demandare,

Suet. Claud. 23.—

Esp., legal power, right over or to a thing (class.):

potestatis verbo plura significantur: in personā magistratuum imperium, in personā liberorum patria potestas, in personā servi dominium: at cum agimus de noxae deditione cum eo, qui servum non defendit, praesentis corporis copiam facultatemque significamus. Ex lege Atiniā in potestatem domini rem furtivam venisse videri, et si ejus vindicandae potestatem habuerit, Sabinus et Cassius aiunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 215.—

Of inanimate things, power, force, efficacy, effect, operation, virtue, value:

potestates colorum,

Vitr. 7, 14:

potestates visque herbarum,

Verg. A. 12, 396; Plin. 25, 2, 5, § 9:

pecuniarum,

value, Dig. 13, 4, 3:

haec potestatibus praesentibus dijudicanda sunt,

circumstances, state of things, Gell. 1, 3, 24:

actionum vis et potestas,

Dig. 9, 4, 1:

quaternarius numerus suis partibus complet decadis ipsius potestatem (because the first four integers, taken together, = 10),

compass, fulness, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106:

plumbi potestas,

nature, quality, properties, Lucr. 5, 1242:

naturalis,

Vitr. 9, 4.—

Of a word, meaning, signification (syn.:

vis, significatio),

Gell. 10, 29, 1; Auct. Her. 4, 54, 67; Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 4.—

Math. t. t., = dunamis, the square root, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106.—

Trop.

Power, control, command (class.): dum ex tanto gaudio in potestatem nostram redeamus, recover our self-control, come to ourselves, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine, aut iracundiā,

to have lost the control of their reason, to be out of their minds, Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:

qui exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis, cui regnum totius animi a natura tributum est,

id. ib. 3, 5, 11; cf. also id. ib. 4, 36, 77:

postquam ad te cum omnium rerum tum etiam tui potestatem di transtulerint,

Plin. Pan. 56, 3.—

Power, ability, possibility, opportunity (class.; cf.:

copia, facultas): ubi mihi potestas primum evenit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 18:

liberius vivendi,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 25:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1: quoties mihi certorum hominum potestas erit (al. facultas), whenever I find men on whom I can rely, id. ib. 1, 7, 1: facere potestatem, to give opportunity, leave, permission:

si quid de his rebus dicere vellet, feci potestatem,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 11:

quae potestas si mihi saepius fiet, utar,

shall present itself, id. Phil. 1, 15, 38:

alicui potestatem optionemque facere, ut, etc.,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facio tibi interpellandi potestatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

ego instare, omnium mihi tabularum et litterarum fieri potestatem oportere,

must be allowed the use of, id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: potestatem sui facere, to allow others to see or have access to one, to give an opportunity of conversing with one:

cum neque praetores diebus aliquot adiri possent vel potestatem sui facerent,

allowed themselves to be spoken to, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15:

facere omnibus conveniendi sui potestatem,

to admit to an audience, id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

qui potestatem sui non habuissent,

who had not been able to speak with him, Suet. Tib. 34:

potestatem sui facere,

to give an opportunity of fighting with one, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Nep. Ages. 3, 3.— Poet., with inf.:

non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas,

Verg. A. 4, 565:

nunc flere potestas est,

Luc. 2, 40:

soli cui tanta potestas meis occurrere telis,

Stat. Th. 3, 296.—

In eccl. Lat.:

potestates,

angels, angelic powers, authorities in the spiritual world, Vulg. Ephes. 6, 12; id. 1 Pet. 3, 22; sing., id. 1 Cor. 15, 24.—

Personified, a daughter of Pallas and Styx, Hyg. Fab. prooem.

pŏtĭor, ītus, 4 ( inf. pres. potirier, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 66.—Acc. to the third conj., potĭtur, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 274 Müll. or Ann. v. 78 Vahl.; Verg. A. 3, 56:

capto potĭmur mundo,

Manil. 4, 882; Ov. M. 13, 130; Cat. 64, 402.—Potītur. only in Prisc. 881, and Ov. H. 14, 113. So, poti for potiri, Pac. ap. Non. 475, 29; Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 5, acc. to Trag. Rel. p. 56 Rib., and Enn. Trag. v. 260 Vahl.— Act. collat. form pŏtĭo, īre; v. 2. potio), v. dep. n. [potis].

Lit., to become master of, to take possession of, to get, obtain, acquire, receive; constr. with gen., acc., abl., and absol. (class.; syn.: occupo, invado).

With gen.:

illius regni potiri,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

urbis potiri,

Sall. C. 47, 2:

vexilli,

Liv. 25, 14:

nemini in opinionem veniebat Antonium rerum potiturum,

Nep. Att. 9, 6:

voti,

Sil. 15, 331.—

With acc. (mostly ante- and post-class.; not in Cic.): regnum, Pac. ap. Non. 481, 32:

sceptrum,

Att. ib. 30; cf.:

Homerus sceptra potitus,

Lucr. 3, 1038:

oppidum, Auct. B. Hisp. 13: summum imperii,

to get possession of the supreme dominion, Nep. Eum. 3, 4; cf.:

regni Persarum potiundi,

id. Ages. 4, 2:

spes urbis potiundae,

Caes. B. G. 2, 7, 2; 3, 6, 2:

in spe urbis hostium potiundae,

Liv. 8, 2, 5; Curt. 8, 11, 19.—

With abl.:

ille hodie si illā sit potitus muliere,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 9:

natura iis potiens,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 41:

si ad decem milia annorum gentem aliquam urbe nostra potituram putem,

id. ib. 1, 37, 90 B. and K.:

imperio totius Galliae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

victoriā,

id. ib. 3, 24:

impedimentis castrisque,

id. ib. 1, 21:

sceptro,

Ov. H. 14, 113: pane, Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 881 P.: thalamo, Naev. ib.—

Absol.:

libidines ad potiundum incitantur,

Cic. Sen. 12, 39:

potiendi spe inflammati,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 60.—

Transf., to be master of, to have, hold, possess, occupy; with gen., acc., abl., and absol. (class.; syn.: fruor, utor).

With gen.:

Cleanthes solem dominari et rerum potiri putat,

has the chief power in the universe, Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:

civitas Atheniensium, dum ea rerum potita est,

id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70:

potiente rerum patre,

Tac. H. 3, 74.—

With acc.:

laborem hunc potiri,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 5:

patria potitur commoda,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 17:

gaudia,

id. ib. 22.—

With abl.:

frui iis (voluptatibus), quibus senectus, etiam si non abunde potitur, non omnino caret,

Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

oppido,

Liv. 6, 33:

monte,

have climbed, Ov. M. 5, 254.—

Absol.:

qui tenent, qui potiuntur,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3.

pŏtītus, a, um, Part., in a pass. signif., v. 2. potio.

pŏtĭor, ĭus, comp. of potis.

princĭpātus, ūs, m. [princeps], the first place, pre-eminence, preference (class.).

In gen.: omnem naturam necesse est.. habere aliquem in se principatum, ut in homine mentem... in arborum autem radicibus inesse principatus putatur. Principatum autem id dico, quod Graeci hêgemonikon vocant, quo nihil in quoque genere nec potest, nec debet esse praestantius, Cic. N. D. 2, 11, 29 sq.:

animi,

id. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

ut quisque aetate antecedit, ita sententiae principatum tenet,

id. Sen. 18, 64:

Gallia hujus belli sustinendi principatum tenet, i. e. in bello sustinendo,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

eloquentiae dignitatis principatum dare,

id. Off. 2, 19, 49:

qui tibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

id. Phil. 2, 3, 5: sol astrorum obtinet principatum, id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

principatum in oleo obtinuit Italia,

Plin. 15, 2, 3, § 8; 16, 36, 64, § 156; 37, 13, 76, § 198.—

In partic.

The chief place in the state or the army, the post of commander-in-chief:

Cassio dominatum et principatum dari,

Cic. Phil. 11, 14, 36:

Cingetorigi principatus atque imperium est traditum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8 fin.:

obtinere principatum totius Galliae,

id. ib. 7, 4:

se dejectos principatu,

id. ib. 7, 63:

de principatu contendere,

Nep. Arist. 1.—

Of the empire (post-Aug.), reign, empire, dominion, sovereignty:

Nero toto principatu suo hostis generis humani,

Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 46:

Fenestella, qui obiit novissimo Tiberii Caesaris principatu,

id. 33, 11, 52, § 146:

Nerva res olim dissociabiles miscuit, principatum et libertatem,

Tac. Agr. 3; Plin. Pan. 36, 3; 45, 3; Suet. Calig. 22; id. Tib. 24.—

A beginning, origin (class. but very rare):

an mundus ab aliquo temporis principatu ortus est?

Cic. Univ. 2; cf.:

totius opusculi principatus,

the beginning, Diom. 375 P.—

The hosts of angels, good or bad (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Rom. 8, 38; id. Col. 1, 16.

princĭpĭum, ii, n. [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin (class.; syn.: primordia, initium).

In gen.:

origo principii nulla est: nam ex principio oriuntur omnia,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

quid est cujus principium aliquod sit, nihil sit extremum?

id. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

nec principium, nec finem habere,

id. Sen. 21, 78:

cujus criminis neque principium invenire, neque evolvere exitum possum,

id. Cael. 23, 56:

hic fons, hoc principium est movendi,

id. Rep. 6, 25, 27:

bellorum atque imperiorum,

id. Balb. 3, 9:

principium pontis,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

principio lucis,

at daybreak, Amm. 25, 5, 1:

in principiis dicendi,

at the commencement of a speech, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121;

so of a declaration in a lawsuit,

Juv. 6, 245:

suave quoddam principium dicendi,

Amm. 30, 4, 19: principia ducere ab aliquo, to derive, deduce:

omnium rerum magnarum principia a dis immortalibus ducuntur,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

principium urbis,

id. Off. 1, 17, 54:

scribendi recte sapere est et principium et fons,

Hor. A. P. 309:

omne principium huc refer,

id. C. 3, 6, 6:

a Jove principium,

Verg. E. 3, 60:

anni,

Liv. 1, 4:

a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium,

Ov. M. 13, 705:

capessere,

to begin, Tac. A. 15, 49.—Adverb.: principio, a principio, in principio, at or in the beginning, at first:

principio... postea, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 35, 75:

principio generi animantium omni est a naturā tributum, ut se tueatur,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Fin. 1, 6, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 39; id. And. 3, 3, 38; Verg. A. 6, 214; Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; so,

a principio: ac vellem a principio te audissem, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

dixeram a principio, de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157:

in principio,

id. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

principio ut,

as soon as, Plaut. Merc. prol. 40; v. Ritschl ad h. l.— Rarely of the boundaries of a country or people:

adusque principia Carmanorum,

Amm. 23, 6, 74.—

In partic.

Plur., beginnings, foundations, principles, elements (class.):

bene provisa et diligenter explorata principia ponantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37:

juris,

id. ib. 1, 6, 18:

naturae,

id. Off. 3, 12, 52;

for which: principia naturalia,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 17; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 35:

principia rerum, ex quibus omnia constant,

first principles, elements, id. Ac. 2, 36, 117.—

Prov.: obsta principiis (cf. the French: ce n'est que le premier pas qui coute),

Ov. R. Am. 91.—

That makes a beginning, that votes first: tribus principium fuit, pro tribu Q. Fabius primus scivit, Lex Thoria, Rudorff. p. 142; Lex Appar. ap. Haubold, Moment. Leg. p. 85; Plebissc. ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:

Faucia curia fuit principium,

was the first to vote, Liv. 9, 38 fin. —

In gen., a beginner, originator, founder, ancestor ( poet.):

Graecia principium moris fuit,

Ov. F. 2, 37:

mihi Belus avorum Principium,

ancestor, progenitor, Sil. 15, 748.—Here, too, prob. belongs PRINCIPIA SACRA, Æneas and [p. 1446] his successors in Lavinium, ancestors whom the Latins and Romans honored as deities, Inscr. Orell. 2276.—

In milit. lang.: princĭpĭa, ōrum, n.

The foremost ranks, the front line of soldiers, the front or van of an army:

post principia,

behind the front, Liv. 2, 65; cf.:

hic ero post principia, inde omnibus signum dabo,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11: post principia paulatim recedunt, Sisenn. ap. Non. 135, 31: deinde ipse paulatim procedere;

Marium post principia habere,

Sall. J. 50, 2:

traversis principiis, in planum deducit,

id. ib. 49, 6:

equites post principia collocat,

Liv. 3, 22; Tac. H. 2, 43. —

The staff-officers, members of the council of war (post-class.):

mittere principia,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 30:

a principiis salutari,

Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10:

advocatis legionum principiis et turmarum,

Amm. 25, 5, 1; Cod. 12, 47, 1.—

A large open space in a camp, in which were the tents of the general, lieutenants, and tribunes, together with the standards, and where speeches were made and councils held; the general's quarters:

jura reddere in principiis,

Liv. 28, 24:

in principiis ac praetorio in unum sermones confundi,

id. 7, 12:

castrorum,

Just. 11, 6, 6:

in castris,

Varr. R. R. 3, 4, 1:

in principiis statuit tabernaculum, eoque omnes cotidie convenire (jussit), ut ibi de summis rebus consilia caperentur,

Nep. Eum. 7, 2; Suet. Oth. 1; 6; Flor. 3, 10, 12:

primores centurionum et paucos militum in principia vocat,

Tac. H. 3, 13; 1, 48; Dig. 49, 16, 12; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 16.—

Precedence, preference, the first place:

principium ergo, columenque omnium rerum preti margaritae tenent,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106. —

Plur., selections, selected passages:

principiorum libri circumferuntur, quia existimatur pars aliqua etiam sine ceteris esse perfecta,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 12.—

In partic., mastery, dominion (post-class.): archê, magisterium, magistratus, praesidatus, principium, Gloss. Philox.: in Graeco principii vocabulum, quod est archê, non tantum ordinativum, sed et potestativum capit principatum, Tert. adv. Hermog. 19.

princĭpĭum, ii, n. [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin (class.; syn.: primordia, initium).

In gen.:

origo principii nulla est: nam ex principio oriuntur omnia,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

quid est cujus principium aliquod sit, nihil sit extremum?

id. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

nec principium, nec finem habere,

id. Sen. 21, 78:

cujus criminis neque principium invenire, neque evolvere exitum possum,

id. Cael. 23, 56:

hic fons, hoc principium est movendi,

id. Rep. 6, 25, 27:

bellorum atque imperiorum,

id. Balb. 3, 9:

principium pontis,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

principio lucis,

at daybreak, Amm. 25, 5, 1:

in principiis dicendi,

at the commencement of a speech, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121;

so of a declaration in a lawsuit,

Juv. 6, 245:

suave quoddam principium dicendi,

Amm. 30, 4, 19: principia ducere ab aliquo, to derive, deduce:

omnium rerum magnarum principia a dis immortalibus ducuntur,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

principium urbis,

id. Off. 1, 17, 54:

scribendi recte sapere est et principium et fons,

Hor. A. P. 309:

omne principium huc refer,

id. C. 3, 6, 6:

a Jove principium,

Verg. E. 3, 60:

anni,

Liv. 1, 4:

a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium,

Ov. M. 13, 705:

capessere,

to begin, Tac. A. 15, 49.—Adverb.: principio, a principio, in principio, at or in the beginning, at first:

principio... postea, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 35, 75:

principio generi animantium omni est a naturā tributum, ut se tueatur,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Fin. 1, 6, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 39; id. And. 3, 3, 38; Verg. A. 6, 214; Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; so,

a principio: ac vellem a principio te audissem, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

dixeram a principio, de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157:

in principio,

id. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

principio ut,

as soon as, Plaut. Merc. prol. 40; v. Ritschl ad h. l.— Rarely of the boundaries of a country or people:

adusque principia Carmanorum,

Amm. 23, 6, 74.—

In partic.

Plur., beginnings, foundations, principles, elements (class.):

bene provisa et diligenter explorata principia ponantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37:

juris,

id. ib. 1, 6, 18:

naturae,

id. Off. 3, 12, 52;

for which: principia naturalia,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 17; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 35:

principia rerum, ex quibus omnia constant,

first principles, elements, id. Ac. 2, 36, 117.—

Prov.: obsta principiis (cf. the French: ce n'est que le premier pas qui coute),

Ov. R. Am. 91.—

That makes a beginning, that votes first: tribus principium fuit, pro tribu Q. Fabius primus scivit, Lex Thoria, Rudorff. p. 142; Lex Appar. ap. Haubold, Moment. Leg. p. 85; Plebissc. ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:

Faucia curia fuit principium,

was the first to vote, Liv. 9, 38 fin. —

In gen., a beginner, originator, founder, ancestor ( poet.):

Graecia principium moris fuit,

Ov. F. 2, 37:

mihi Belus avorum Principium,

ancestor, progenitor, Sil. 15, 748.—Here, too, prob. belongs PRINCIPIA SACRA, Æneas and [p. 1446] his successors in Lavinium, ancestors whom the Latins and Romans honored as deities, Inscr. Orell. 2276.—

In milit. lang.: princĭpĭa, ōrum, n.

The foremost ranks, the front line of soldiers, the front or van of an army:

post principia,

behind the front, Liv. 2, 65; cf.:

hic ero post principia, inde omnibus signum dabo,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11: post principia paulatim recedunt, Sisenn. ap. Non. 135, 31: deinde ipse paulatim procedere;

Marium post principia habere,

Sall. J. 50, 2:

traversis principiis, in planum deducit,

id. ib. 49, 6:

equites post principia collocat,

Liv. 3, 22; Tac. H. 2, 43. —

The staff-officers, members of the council of war (post-class.):

mittere principia,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 30:

a principiis salutari,

Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10:

advocatis legionum principiis et turmarum,

Amm. 25, 5, 1; Cod. 12, 47, 1.—

A large open space in a camp, in which were the tents of the general, lieutenants, and tribunes, together with the standards, and where speeches were made and councils held; the general's quarters:

jura reddere in principiis,

Liv. 28, 24:

in principiis ac praetorio in unum sermones confundi,

id. 7, 12:

castrorum,

Just. 11, 6, 6:

in castris,

Varr. R. R. 3, 4, 1:

in principiis statuit tabernaculum, eoque omnes cotidie convenire (jussit), ut ibi de summis rebus consilia caperentur,

Nep. Eum. 7, 2; Suet. Oth. 1; 6; Flor. 3, 10, 12:

primores centurionum et paucos militum in principia vocat,

Tac. H. 3, 13; 1, 48; Dig. 49, 16, 12; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 16.—

Precedence, preference, the first place:

principium ergo, columenque omnium rerum preti margaritae tenent,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106. —

Plur., selections, selected passages:

principiorum libri circumferuntur, quia existimatur pars aliqua etiam sine ceteris esse perfecta,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 12.—

In partic., mastery, dominion (post-class.): archê, magisterium, magistratus, praesidatus, principium, Gloss. Philox.: in Graeco principii vocabulum, quod est archê, non tantum ordinativum, sed et potestativum capit principatum, Tert. adv. Hermog. 19.

regnum, i, n. [rex], kingly government, royal authority, kingship, royalty (cf.:

imperium, principatus): cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus et regnum ejus rei publicae statum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42:

regique Thebano Creonti regnum stabilivit suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 39:

regno regem spoliare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

ob labefactandi regni timorem,

id. ib. 2, 2:

regni initium,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

neque potest ejusmodi res publica non regnum et esse et vocari,

royalty, id. ib. 2, 23:

regnum obtinere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54; cf.:

regnum in suā civitate occupare,

id. ib. 1, 3: regnum reciperare, Auct. B. Alex. 36; Caes. B. G. 4, 12; 5, 20; 5, 25:

dum stabat regno incolumis regumque vigebat Consiliis,

Verg. A. 2, 88:

Tulli ignobile regnum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 9; id. C. 1, 12, 34:

Alexander periculoso regno securam ac tutam vitam anteponens,

Just. 39, 4, 3.—

In gen., dominion, sovereignty, rule, authority.

In a good sense:

possidere regna,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 21:

quod imperium, qui magistratus, quod regnum potest esse praestantius, quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28:

omne regnum vel imperium bellis quaeritur et victoriis propagatur,

id. ib. 3, 12, 20:

sibi a Caesare regnum civitatis deferri,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6:

ego te in meum regnum accepi,

Sall. J. 10, 1:

adoptione in regnum pervenire,

id. ib. 11, 6:

nationes, quae in eorum (i. e. Populi Romani) regno ac dicione sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 60:

nobile regnum,

Ov. H. 17, 133:

regnum sine vi tenere,

id. M. 11, 270:

regnum alicui permittere,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 123:

bonae Sub regno Cinarae,

id. C. 4, 1, 4: nec regna vini sortiere talis, the presiding over a drinking-bout, Gr. archiposia, id. ib. 1, 4, 18 (cf.:

arbiter bibendi,

id. ib. 2, 7, 25; v. also rex).—

In a bad sense, despotism, tyranny (to a Roman of the time of the Republic, any sovereignty of a single individual):

hic ait se ille, judices, regnum meum ferre non posse. Quod tandem, Torquate, regnum? Consulatus, credo, mei... quo in magistratu non institutum est a me regnum, sed repressum,

Cic. Sull. 7, 21; cf. Quint. 3, 8, 47:

hoc vero regnum est, et ferri nullo pacto potest,

Cic. Att. 2, 12, 1:

Ti. Gracchus regnum occupare conatus est,

id. Lael. 12, 41; so,

occupare,

id. Sull. 9, 27; id. Phil. 5, 6, 17:

regnum appetere,

id. Sen. 16, 56; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Mil. 27, 72 (for which affectare is cited, Quint. 5, 11, 12; v. Spald. N. cr. ad loc.):

regnum judiciorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 35; cf.

forense,

id. Fam. 9, 18, 1:

quod tribuni militum in plebe Romanā regnum exercerent,

Liv. 5, 2:

damnatus crimine regni,

Ov. F. 6, 189:

dum regnum te, Roma, facit,

i. e. gives thee a sovereign, Luc. 4, 692.—

Trop., rule, authority, power, influence:

abuteris ad omnia atomorum regno et licentiā,

Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 65:

regnum voluptatis,

id. Sen. 12, 41:

sub regno tibi esse placet omnes animi partes et eas regi consilio?

id. Rep. 1, 38, 60; Ov. M. 14, 20; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 50.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concreto), a kingdom:

grates tibi ago, summe sol, quod conspicio in meo regno et his tectis P. Cornelium Scipionem,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

ad fines regni sui,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26; 5, 38:

(flumen Mulucha) Jugurthae Bocchique regnum disjungebat,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

se patrio regno pulsos esse,

Liv. 1, 40:

(Aufidus) Qui regna Dauni praefluit Appuli,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 26 al.:

barbara regna,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 253:

regnum caelorum,

Hier. adv. Jovin. 2, § 28; cf. Vulg. Matt. 13, 11 et saep.— Poet., of bees:

cerea regna refingunt,

Verg. G. 4, 202. —

Transf.

Any place which one possesses, a territory, estate, possession:

id, nisi hic in tuo regno essemus, non tulissem,

i. e. on your own territories, on your own estate, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 41; cf. id. Att. 14, 16, 1:

post aliquot mea regna videns, mirabor aristas?

fields, Verg. E. 1, 70; cf. id. G. 1, 124; 3, 476:

regna videt pauper Nasamon errantia vento,

his cottages, Luc. 9, 458 al.: haec regna, these realms, i. e. of the dead, Verg. A. 6, 417.—

Regna = reges, Stat. Th. 12, 380.

scēptrum, i (less correctly scaep-trum), n., = skêptron, a royal staff, a sceptre.

Lit.:

(rex Ptolemaeus) sedens cum purpurā et sceptro et illis insignibus regiis,

Cic. Sest. 26, 57; Quint. 9, 3, 57; 11, 3, 158; Suet. Aug. 94:

Augusti,

id. Galb. 1; Verg. A. 7, 247:

dextrā sceptrum gerebat,

id. ib. 12, 206; Ov. M. 7, 103; 1, 178; 2, 847;

5, 422. Also borne by a king's daughter,

Verg. A. 1, 653 Heyne:

exitiale,

Stat. Th. 1, 34;

of a triumphant general,

Liv. 5, 41; Juv. 10, 43.— Poet., in the plur., by way of amplification, of a single sceptre, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21; cf.:

celsā sedet Aeolus arce Sceptra tenens,

Verg. A. 1, 57;

and of Juno,

Ov. M. 3, 265; 1, 596; 11, 560; Verg. A. 7, 173; 7, 252 al.—

Transf.

A teacher ' s rod (humorously):

ferulae tristes, sceptra paedagogorum,

Mart. 10, 62, 10.—

A name of the plant aspalathus, Plin. 12, 24, 52, § 110.—

= membrum virile, Auct. Priap. 25.—

Trop., as a symbol of authority, also used by the poets, in the plur., for kingdom, rule, dominion, authority: en impero Argis, sceptra mihi liquit Pelops, Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 140:

tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Jovemque Concilias,

Verg. A. 1, 78:

sic nos in sceptra reponis?

id. ib. 1, 253; 7, 422;

9, 9: pulsus solio sceptrisque paternis,

id. ib. 10, 852:

sceptra Asiae tenere,

Ov. H. 16, 175:

potiri perenni sceptro,

id. M. 15, 585; id. F. 4, 198; id. M. 6, 677:

Heliconiadum comites, quorum unus Homerus Sceptra potitus, etc.,

Lucr. 3, 1038.

scēptrum, i (less correctly scaep-trum), n., = skêptron, a royal staff, a sceptre.

Lit.:

(rex Ptolemaeus) sedens cum purpurā et sceptro et illis insignibus regiis,

Cic. Sest. 26, 57; Quint. 9, 3, 57; 11, 3, 158; Suet. Aug. 94:

Augusti,

id. Galb. 1; Verg. A. 7, 247:

dextrā sceptrum gerebat,

id. ib. 12, 206; Ov. M. 7, 103; 1, 178; 2, 847;

5, 422. Also borne by a king's daughter,

Verg. A. 1, 653 Heyne:

exitiale,

Stat. Th. 1, 34;

of a triumphant general,

Liv. 5, 41; Juv. 10, 43.— Poet., in the plur., by way of amplification, of a single sceptre, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21; cf.:

celsā sedet Aeolus arce Sceptra tenens,

Verg. A. 1, 57;

and of Juno,

Ov. M. 3, 265; 1, 596; 11, 560; Verg. A. 7, 173; 7, 252 al.—

Transf.

A teacher ' s rod (humorously):

ferulae tristes, sceptra paedagogorum,

Mart. 10, 62, 10.—

A name of the plant aspalathus, Plin. 12, 24, 52, § 110.—

= membrum virile, Auct. Priap. 25.—

Trop., as a symbol of authority, also used by the poets, in the plur., for kingdom, rule, dominion, authority: en impero Argis, sceptra mihi liquit Pelops, Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 140:

tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Jovemque Concilias,

Verg. A. 1, 78:

sic nos in sceptra reponis?

id. ib. 1, 253; 7, 422;

9, 9: pulsus solio sceptrisque paternis,

id. ib. 10, 852:

sceptra Asiae tenere,

Ov. H. 16, 175:

potiri perenni sceptro,

id. M. 15, 585; id. F. 4, 198; id. M. 6, 677:

Heliconiadum comites, quorum unus Homerus Sceptra potitus, etc.,

Lucr. 3, 1038.

servĭtūs, ūtis ( gen. plur. servitutium, Dig. 8, 2, 32 fin.; 8, 3, 1 fin.; and acc. to Ritschl also Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 14), f. [id.], the condition of a servus; slavery, serfdom, service, servitude (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

servitus est constitutio juris gentium, quā quis dominio alieno contra naturam subicitur,

Dig. 1, 5, 4; Just. Inst. 1, 3, 2:

servitutem servire,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 31 (v. this freq. occurring phrase under servio, I. d): quibus nunc aerumna mea libertatem paro, Quibus servitutem mea miseria deprecor? Enn. ap. Gell. 6, 16, 9 (Trag. v. 173 Vahl.):

domi fuistis liberi: Nunc servitus si evenit, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

qui hodie fuerim liber, eum nunc potivit pater servitutis,

id. Am. 1, 1, 24 Fleck.: quis hoc imperium, quis hanc servitutem ferre potest? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

ipsam (mulierem) in servitutem adjudicare,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 56:

ista corruptela servi si impunita fuerit... fit in dominatu servitus, in servitute dominatus,

id. Deiot. 11, 30:

mors servituti anteponenda,

id. Off. 1, 23, 81:

servitutem perpessi,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

aliae nationes servitutem pati possunt, populi Romani est propria libertas,

id. ib. 6, 7, 19:

servitutem pati,

id. ib. 6, 7, 19: similitudo servitutis id. Rep. 1, 27, 43: hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsā servitute afficit, etc... Nimia illa libertas in nimiam servitutem cadit, id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

socios nostros in servitutem abduxerunt,

id. Pis. 34, 84:

servitutis jugum,

id. Rep. 2, 25, 47:

Themistocles cum servitute Graeciam liberasset,

id. Lael. 12, 42:

conjuges in servitutem abstrahi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14;

addicere aliquem in servitutem,

Liv. 3, 56; Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

liberum populum servitute adficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:

asserere aliquem in servitutem,

Liv. 3, 44, 5; 34, 18, 2; Suet. Tib. 2.—

As a verbal noun with dat.: opulento homini hoc servitus dura est, this serving or being servant of a rich man, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12.—

Transf.

In gen. (acc to servio, II.), servitude, subjection: numquam salvis suis exuitur servitus muliebris;

et ipsae libertatem, quam viduitas et orbitas facit, detestantur,

Liv. 34, 7 Drak.:

silvestres gallinae in servitute non foetant,

in confinement, Col. 8, 12; so id. 8, 15, 7:

hujus tanti officii servitutem astringebam testimonio sempiterno,

Cic. Planc. 30, 74:

est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis,

id. Off. 1, 42, 150; cf.:

ut se homines ad servitutem juris astringerent,

Quint. 2, 16, 9; 7, 3, 16.—

The government, rule, dominion of a master:

tibi Apud me justa et clemens servitus,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 9.—

(Acc. to servio, II. B.) Jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., a liability resting upon them, an easement, servitude:

servitutes praediorum rusticorum sunt hae: iter, actus, via, aquaeductus,

Dig. 8, 3, 1:

jura praediorum urbanorum, quae servitutes vocantur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 14:

servitute fundo illi imposita,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 3:

specus servitutis putat aliquid habituros,

id. Att. 15, 26, 4.—

Concr. (for the class. servitium), slaves, servants (collect.); poet. of lovers: adde quod pubes tibi crescit omnis, Servitus crescit nova (= catervae amatorum semper novorum). Hor. C. 2, 8, 18; cf. Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 14 Ritschl.