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1 ειδέναι
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2 εἰδέναι
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3 εἰδέναι
εἰδέναι, εἰδήσω s. οἶδα. -
4 οἶδα
+ (εἰδέναι, εἰδεῖν)[*]V 61-56-29-82-55=283 Gn 2,9; 3,5; 18,19; 19,33.35pft. of εἴδω (for which ὁράω to see, is used); to know [abs.] Gn 48,19; id. [τι] Gn 2,9; to know, to know about [τινα] Ex 1,8; to know that [ὅτι +ind.] Gn 18,19; id. [ὡς +ind.] 2 Chr 2,7; id. [εἰ +ind.] Gn 43,7; to know [+indir. question] Gn 43,22; to know how (to do), to be able to [+inf.] Gn 25,27*Nm 35,23 οὐκ εἰδώς unaware corr.? οὐκ ἰδών for MT ראות בלא ראה without seeing (him), see also Gn 39,3, Is 33,19, Jb 28,24, Sir 20,6; *Jb 27,12 οἴδατε you know corr.? εἴδετε for MT חזיתם חזה you have seen, see also Is 26,11see ὁράω (derived from the same root as οἶδα, sc. ιδ)Cf. DEPUYDT 1985 36-37.42; TALMON 1961, 340-342; WALTERS 1973 67.197-204; WEVERS 1990 280;1993 256.649; →TWNT(→προοἶδα, συνοἶδα,,) -
5 οἶδα
οἶδα (Hom.+) really the perf. of the stem εἰδ-(Lat. video), but used as a pres.; 2 sing. οἶδας (1 Cor 7:16; J 21:15f), οἶσθα (Dt 9:2 4 Macc 6:27), 1 pl. οἴδαμεν LXX, 2 pl. οἴδατε, 3 pl. οἴδασιν (ἴσασιν only Ac 26:4. The form οἴδασιν is found as early as Hdt. 2, 43, 1; X., Oec. 20, 14; SIG 182, 8 [362/361 B.C.]; PCairGoodsp 3, 7 [III B.C.]; οἶδαν GJs 17:1). ἴστε Eph 5:5; Hb 12:17; Js 1:19 can be indic. (so 3 Macc 3:14) or impv.; subj. εἰδῶ; inf. εἰδέναι; εἰδῆσαι Dt 4:35; Jdth 9:14; ptc. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα Mk 5:33; Ac 5:7. Plpf. ᾔδειν, 2 sg. ᾔδεις Mt 25:26; Lk 19:22, 3 pl. ᾔδεισαν (W-S. §13, 20). Fut. εἰδήσω Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34) and εἴσομαι (Dg 12:1). B-D-F §99, 2; 101 p. 45 (εἰδέναι); W-S. §14, 7; Mlt-H. 220–22; Helbing p. 108; Mayser 321, 2; 327, 17; 372f; on relation to γινώσκω s. SPorter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the NT ’89, 282–87.① to have information about, knowⓐ w. acc. of pers. know someone, know about someone Mk 1:34; J 1:26, 31, 33; 6:42; 7:28a; Ac 3:16; 7:18 (Ex 1:8); Hb 10:30; 10:11. (τὸν) θεόν (Herm. Wr. 14, 8; Ar. 3, 2; Just., D. 10, 4; Tat. 19, 2) of polytheists, who know nothing about God (the one God described in vss. 6–7, and in contrast to the plurality of gods that have previously enslaved the Galatians vs. 8) Gal 4:8; 1 Th 4:5 (cp. Jer 10:25).ⓑ w. acc. of thing: οὐ τὴν ἡμέραν οὐδὲ τὴν ὥραν Mt 25:13; cp. 2 Cl 12:1. τὰς ἐντολάς Mk 10:19; Lk 18:20. βρῶσιν J 4:32. τ. ἐνθυμήσεις Mt 9:4 v.l. (cp. Jos., Vi. 283). τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν Ro 7:7. τὰ μυστήρια πάντα 1 Cor 13:2. τὰ ἐγκάρδια 2 Cl 9:9. τὰ κρύφια IMg 3:2. τὴν πόλιν Hs 1:1.ⓒ w. acc. of pers. and ptc. in place of the predicate (X., An. 1, 10, 16; TestJob 28:5; Just., A I, 12, 7.—B-D-F §416, 2; s. Rob. 1103) οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἐν Χριστῷ … ἁρπαγέντα τὸν τοιοῦτον ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ I know of a person in Christ … that he was transported into the third heaven 2 Cor 12:2. Also without the ptc. εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον (sc. ὄντα) because he knew that he was a just man Mk 6:20 (Chion, Ep. 3, 5 ἴσθι με προθυμότερον [ὄντα]). The obj. more closely defined by a declarative or interrog. clause: οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι ἐστὶν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀχαί̈ας = οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Στεφανᾶ ἐστιν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀ. 1 Cor 16:15.—Ac 16:3 v.l. An indirect quest. may take the place of ὅτι: οἶδά σε τίς εἶ Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34. οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς πόθεν ἐστέ I do not know where you come from 13:25; cp. vs. 27 (ὑμᾶς is not found in all the mss. here); 2 Cl 4:5. τοῦτον οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν J 7:27; 9:29b.ⓓ foll. by acc. and inf. (Just., A I, 26, 4; 59, 6, D. 75, 4.—B-D-F §397, 1; s. Rob. 1036ff) Lk 4:41; 1 Pt 5:9; 1 Cl 62:3.ⓔ foll. by ὅτι (Aeneas Tact. 579; Dio Chrys. 31 [48], 1; Maximus Tyr. 16, 2b; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 14 [Stone p. 14]; JosAs 6:6 al.; Just., A I, 12, 11; D. 4, 4 al.—B-D-F §397, 1; Rob. 1035) Mt 6:32; 9:6; 15:12; 20:25; Mk 10:42; Lk 2:49; 8:53; J 4:25; Ac 3:17 and very oft.; GJs 4:4; 5:1; 17:1; 20:2 codd.; 23:2. εἰδὼς (εἰδότες) ὅτι Ac 2:30; 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 7:1; 10:5; B 10:11; 19:6; IMg 14; ISm 4:1; Hs 8, 6, 1; 10, 3, 4 [Ox 404 recto, 15]; Pol 1:3; 4:1; 5:1; 6:1; D 3:10; AcPl Ha 1, 25; AcPlCor 2:29.—τοῦτο, ὅτι 1 Ti 1:9; 2 Ti 1:15. ἓν οἶδα, ὅτι I know just this one thing, that J 9:25b (Vi. Aesopi I c. 17 p. 269, 16f Eb. οὐκ οἶδα, τί γέγονεν. ἓν δʼ οἶδα μόνον, ὅτι …).—The formula οἴδαμεν ὅτι is freq. used to introduce a well-known fact that is generally accepted Mt 22:16; Lk 20:21; J 3:2; 9:31; Ro 2:2; 3:19; 7:14; 8:22, 28; 2 Cor 5:1; 1 Ti 1:8; 1J 3:2; 5:18ff. Paul also uses for this purpose the rhetorical question (ἢ) οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι; Ro 6:16; 1 Cor 3:16; 5:6; 6:2f, 9, 15f, 19; 9:13, 24.ⓕ w. indirect quest. foll.: (TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 1 [Stone p. 60] μὴ εἰδὼς τίς ἐστίν; Just., D. 65, 1 οὐκ οἶδα τί φῶ) τίς, τί Mt 20:22; Mk 9:6 (HBaltensweiler, D. Verklärung Jesu ’59, 114f; on the grammar as well as the theme of inappropriateness in the face of transcendence cp. Eur., Bacch. 506, s. also 358); 10:38; 14:40; J 5:13; 6:6; 9:21b; 13:18; 15:15; Ro 8:27; 11:2; 1 Th 4:2; 2 Ti 3:14; IEph 12:1. ποῖος Mt 24:42f; Lk 12:39. ἡλίκος Col 2:1. οἷος 1 Th 1:5. ποῦ (ParJer 5:13) J 3:8; 8:14; 12:35 14:5; 20:2, 13. πῶς (BGU 37, 7; ApcMos 31) J 9:21a; Col 4:6; 2 Th 3:7; 1 Ti 3:15; GJs 23:3. πότε Mk 13:33, 35. πόθεν J 2:9a; 3:8; 7:28b; 8:14; 9:30. Foll. by εἰ whether (Lucian, Tox. 22) J 9:25; 1 Cor 7:16ab (JJeremias, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 255–66 understands τί οἶδας εἰ as ‘perhaps’; CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, 170f); Hm 12, 3, 4.—εἴτε 2 Cor 12:2f.ⓖ followed by a relat. (PPetr II, 11 [1], 7 [III B.C.]) οἶδεν ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὧν χρείαν ἔχετε Mt 6:8; cp. Mk 5:33; 2 Ti 1:12.ⓗ foll. by περί τινος (Just., D. 5, 1) know about someth. Mt 24:36; Mk 13:32 (RBrown, Jesus, God and Man ’67, 59–79).ⓘ abs. (Just., A I, 21, 4 πρὸς εἰδότας λέγειν οὐκ ἀνάγκη) Mt 21:27; Mk 4:27; Lk 11:44; J 2:9b; 1 Cl 43:6. καθὼς (αὐτοὶ) οἴδατε as you (yourselves) know Ac 2:22; 1 Th 2:2, 5; cp. 3:4. καίπερ εἰδ. though you know (them) 2 Pt 1:12. ὁ θεὸς οἶδεν God knows (that I do) 2 Cor 11:11; cp. 9:9. ἴστε Js 1:19 (indic.: HermvSoden; BWeiss; Weymouth; W-S. §14, 7; impv: Hollmann; MDibelius; Windisch; OHoltzmann; Hauck; Meinertz; NRSV ‘You must understand this’; B-D-F §99, 2; Mlt. 245).② be intimately acquainted with or stand in a close relation to, know οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον I don’t know the man Mt 26:72, 74; cp. Mk 14:71; Lk 22:57. ὥστε ἡμεῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν οὐδένα οἴδαμεν κατὰ σάρκα 2 Cor 5:16. οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει αὐτὸν ἐν σαρκί AcPl Ant 13, 16 (for this εἶδεν ἀυτὸν σαρκί Aa I 237, 2).— To know God, i.e. not only to know theoretically of God’s existence, but to have a positive relationship with God, or not to know God, i.e. wanting to know nothing about God: 2 Th 1:8; Tit 1:16.—J 7:28b; 8:19 al.—οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς I have nothing to do with you Mt 25:12. Cp. the formula of similar mng. by which a teacher excluded a scholar for seven days: Billerb. I 469; IV 293.③ to know/understand how, can, be able w. inf. foll. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 46; Philosoph. Max. p. 497, 7 εἰδὼς εὔχεσθαι; Herodian 3, 4, 8; Jos., Bell. 2, 91; 5, 407) οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ διδόναι you know how to give good gifts Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13 (cp. TestJob 44:3 ᾔδεισαν εὖ ποιεῖν). οἴδατε δοκιμάζειν you understand how to interpret 12:56ab. οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν Phil 4:12. εἰδέναι ἕκαστον ὑμῶν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος κτᾶσθαι ἐν ἁγιασμῷ each one of you is to know how to possess his own vessel (s. σκεῦος 3) in consecration 1 Th 4:4. τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου προστῆναι οὐκ οἶδεν does not know how to manage his own household 1 Ti 3:5. εἰδὼς καλὸν ποιεῖν Js 4:17. οἶδεν κύριος εὐσεβεῖς ἐκ πειρασμοῦ ῥύεσθαι 2 Pt 2:9. οἴδασιν διὰ κόπου … πορίζειν ἑαυτοῖς τὴν τροφήν 10:4. εἰδὼς φέρειν μαλακίαν one who knew how to endure pain 1 Cl 16:3 (Is 53:3).—Abs. ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it (=the tomb) as secure as you can Mt 27:65.④ to grasp the meaning of someth., understand, recognize, come to know, experience (Just., D. 114, 1 ἣν τέχνην ἐὰν μὴ εἰδῶσιν [of allegorizing]; Sallust. 3 p. 4, 8 τοῖς δυναμένοις εἰδέναι=to those who can understand it) w. acc. of thing τὴν παραβολήν Mk 4:13. τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον … ὅτι the sowing of wheat … that AcPlCor 2:26. τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου understand what is really human 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν vs. 12. τὰ συνέχοντά με IRo 6:3. W. indir. quest. foll. εἰδέναι τίς ἐστιν ἡ ἐλπίς come to know what the hope is Eph 1:18. οὐκ οἶδα τί λέγεις I do not understand what you mean (Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 1, 7, 4; TestAbr A 16, p. 98, 10 [Stone p. 44] οἶδα τί λέγεις) Mt 26:70; cp. J 16:18; 1 Cor 14:16. Lk 22:60 (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 9 οὐκ οἶσθα ἃ λέγεις; Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὅ λέγεις). εἴσεσθε ὅσα παρέχει ὁ θεός you will experience what God bestows Dg 12:1.—Esp. of Jesus’ ability to fathom people’s thoughts: τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν Mt 12:25. τὴν ὑπόκρισιν Mk 12:15. τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν Lk 6:8; cp. 11:17. PEg2 50 (=ASyn. 280, 45). W. ἐν ἑαυτῷ added and ὅτι foll. J 6:61.⑤ to remember, recollect, recall, be aware of λοιπὸν οὐκ οἶδα εἴ τινα ἄλλον ἐβάπτισα I don’t recall baptizing anyone else 1 Cor 1:16 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 1, 1 οἶσθα αὐτόν, ἢ ἐπιλέλησαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον; οὐκ, ἀλλʼ οἶδα, ὦ Γλυκέριον; Field, Notes 187).⑥ to recognize merit, respect, honor εἰδέναι τοὺς κοπιῶντας ἐν ὑμῖν respect the people who work among you 1 Th 5:12 (εἰδέναι τινά can mean recognize or honor someone [Ael. Aristid. 35, 35 K.=9 p. 111 D. τοὺς κρείττους εἰδέναι] but can also mean take an interest in someone, care for someone: Witkowski 30, 7 οἱ θεοί σε οἴδασιν). θεὸν καὶ ἐπίσκοπον εἰδέναι honor God and the bishop ISm 9:1.—τοῦτο ἴστε γινώσκοντες Eph 5:5 has been viewed as a Hebraism (so ARobinson 1904 ad loc., calling attention to LXX 1 Km 20:3 γινώσκων οἶδεν and Sym. Jer 49 [42]: 22 ἴστε γινώσκοντες), but against this view SPorter, ZNW 81, ’90, 270–76.—B. 1209. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
6 ἐπίσταμαι
ἐπίστᾰμαι, 2 pers.A , 982, S.El. 629, Pl.Euthd. 296a, butἐπίστᾳ Pi.P.3.80
, A.Eu.86, 581,ἐπίστῃ Thgn.1085
, PCair.Zen. 41.19 (iii B.C.), [dialect] Ion. ἐπίστεαι ἐξ-) Hdt.7.135; imper. ἐπίστασο ib. 29, 209, A.Pr. 840, 967, PCair.Zen.57.4 (iii B.C.), etc., but ἐπίσταο v.l. in Hdt.7.209, [var] contr. , etc.; subj. [dialect] Ion. ἐπιστέωμαι Hdt.3.134, [dialect] Att. : [tense] impf. , etc.; without augm.ἐπίστατο Il.5.60
: Hdt. hasἐπ- 5.42
(v.l. ἠπ-),ἠπ- 3.139
; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. ἠπιστέατο orἐπιστέατο 8.132
: [tense] fut.ἐπιστήσομαι Il.21.320
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1ἠπιστήθην Hdt.3.15
, Pl.Lg. 687a.I. know how to do, be able to do, capable of doing, c.inf., οὐδέ οἱ ὀστέ'ἐπιστήσονται Ἀχαιοὶ ἀλλέξαι Il.21.320
, cf. Od.13.207, Sapph.70, etc.: Hom. has it both of intellectual power, ὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο ᾗσι φρεσὶνἄρτια βάζειν Il.14.92
;ἐπιστάμεναι σάφα θυμῷ Od.4.730
; and of artistic skill, : freq. in Trag. and [dialect] Att.,οὔπω σωφρονεῖν ἐπίστασαι A.Pr. 982
, cf. 1032, S.OT 589;πένεσθαι δ' οὐκ ἐ. δόμος A.Ag. 962
;ἐ... θεοὺς σέβειν E.Hipp. 996
, cf. Alc. 566; κιθαρίζειν οὐκ ἐ. Ar.V. 989, cf. Pl.Smp. 223d, R. 420e, al.: without inf., σῷζ ὅπως ἐπίστασαι as best you can, A.Pr. 376, cf. Eu. 581.2. to be assured, feel sure that.., τοῦτον ἐπίστανται πλεῖσταεἰδέναι Heraclit.57
, cf. Hdt.3.134, 139, 6.139, al.: folld. by ὡς, Id.1.122.II. c. acc., understand a matter, know, be versed in or acquainted with,πολλὰ δ' ἐπίστατο ἔργα Il.23.705
, cf. Od.2.117;Μουσέων δῶρον Archil.1
;τὴν τέχνην Hdt.3.130
; ;ἐμπειρίᾳ ἐ. τὴν ναυτικήν Th.4.10
;τὰς φύσεις ὑμῶν Id.7.14
;πάσας τὰς δημιουργίας Pl.R. 598c
; ἔγωγε γράμματ' οὐδ' ἐ. Cratin.122; τὸ μὴ ἐ. γράμματα illiteracy, PRyl.73.19 (i B.C.), etc.; ἐ. ἱερατικὰκαὶ Αἰγύπτια γράμματα PTeb. 291.41
(ii A.D.); ἐ. μύθους τοὺς Αἰσώπου know them by heart, Pl.Phd. 61b, cf. Grg. 484b: also with an Adv., Συριστὶ ἐ. know Syrian, X.Cyr.7.5.31; with acc. and inf. conjoined, A.Eu. 276; with inf. to expl. the acc., ἔργον δὲ μοῦνον ἐσθίειν ἐ. Semon.7.24, cf. Archil.65.2. after Hom., know as a fact, know for certain, .ά, etc.; used convertibly with εἰδέναι, Pl.Tht. 163b, Arist.APr. 66b31, Ph. 184a10; even χάριν ἐ., = χάριν εἰδέναι, Jul.Or.8.246c(but sts. εἰδέναι is general, ἐπίστασθαι being confined to scientific knowledge ([etym.] ἐπιστήμη) , διὰ τὸεἰδέναι τὸ ἐπίστασθαι ἐδίωκον Arist.Metaph. 982b21
): freq.strengthd., εὖ ἐ. Hdt.l.c.; σαφῶς ἐ. A.Pr. 840, etc.: most freq. c. acc., τὰ διαφέροντα ἐ. And.4.19, etc.; alsoἐ. περί τινος Hdt.2.3
, Th.6.60;περὶ θεῶν E.Fr.795.4
: folld. by a dependent clause, τί σφιν χρήσηται ἐ. Thgn. 772; ἐ. ὅτι.. , or ἐ. τοῦτο, ὅτι.. , Hdt.1.3, 156, etc.;ὡς.. A.Pers. 599
;τοῦτ' ἐπίστασ', ὡς S.Aj. 1370
;ἐ. αὐτὸν οἷς ψωμίζεται Ar.Eq. 715
, etc.3. rarely, know a person, Ἀρίγνωτον γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐκ ἐ. Ar.Eq. 1278, cf. Muson.Fr.3p.12H., Luc.Asin.1; τὸν Ἰησοῦν γινώσκω καὶ τὸν Παῦλον ἐ. Act.Ap.19.15; but ὁ παῖς τοὺς τεκόντας οὐκ ἐ. does not know who they are, E. Ion51.III. c. part., in Prose and Trag., know that one is, has, etc.,εὖ ἐ. αὐτὸς σχήσων Hdt.5.42
;ἐσθλὸς ὢν ἐπίστασο S.Aj. 1399
, cf. Th.2.44; also ὡς ὧδ' ἐχόντων τῶνδ'ἐ. σε χρή S.Aj. 281
; ὡς φανέν γε τοὔπος ὧδ' ἐ. Id.OT 848: c. dupl. acc., ἑαυτοὺς Φαυστύλου ἠπιστάμεθα παῖδας (sc. ὄντας) Plu.Rom.7: c.acc. et inf., S.Ant. 1092, Lys.Fr.53.1.IV. [tense] pres.part. ἐπιστάμενος, η, ον, freq. as Adj., knowing, understanding, skilful, ἀνδρὸς ἐ. Od.14.359;χαλεπὸν ἐ. περ ἐόντι Il.19.80
; καὶ μάλ' ἐ. Od.13.313; even of a dancer's feet,θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι Il.18.599
: also c.gen., φόρμιγγος ἐ. καὶ ἀοιδῆς skilled, versed in them, Od.21.406: and c. dat.,ἄκοντι Il.15.282
: hence,2. Adv. ἐπιστᾰμένως skilfully, expertly, 7.317, Hes.Th.87, etc.; εὖ καὶ ἐ. Il.10.265, Od.20.161, Hes.Op. 107;ἐ. πίνειν Thgn.212
; also in Prose, X.Cyr.1.1.3, A.D.Adv.146.7, Vett. Val.298.2: c.inf., with knowledge how to.., Epicur.Nat.14.4. (Since ἐφίστημι τὸν νοῦν is used in the sense of ἐπίσταμαι, attend, observe, it is prob. that ἐπίσταμαι is merely an old med. form of ἐφίστημι, cf. Arist. Ph. 247b11 τῷ γὰρ ἠρεμῆσαι καὶ στῆναι τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπίστασθαι.. λέγομεν, and v. ἐπίστασις 11.2.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπίσταμαι
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7 οἴομαι
Aοἴομαι Od.10.193
,οἴοιτο 17.580
, 22.12), v. infr.:—the shortd. form [full] οἶμαι is the one chiefly used in Trag., οἴομαι only in A.Ch. 758, S.OC28 ; but οἴομαι is freq. in Ar. (Eq. 407, al.) ; Hdt. does not use either form ; in [dialect] Att. Prose codd. vary, but οἶμαι prevails, and was exclusively used in parenthesis (v. infr. IV): [tense] impf. , Ar.V. 791, etc. ; also 1 pers. , etc.: [tense] fut.οἰήσομαι Lys.30.8
, Pl.R. 397a, etc., laterοἰηθήσομαι Gal.Opt.Doctr.42
:—[dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [full] ὠϊσάμην (v. infr.): [tense] aor.ὠΐσθην Od.4.453
, 16.475 ; part.ὀϊσθείς Il.9.453
; [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. [tense] aor.ᾠήθην Hp.VM14
, Antipho 1.8, Th.4.130, Pl.Tht. 178c, etc. ; but rare in Com. and Trag., , οἰηθείς, -εῖσα, Antiph.194.2, E. IA 986 ; also [tense] aor. inf.οἰήσασθαι Arat.896
:—[voice] Act., [dialect] Ep. [tense] pres. [full] ὀΐω and [full] οἴω, but only in [ per.] 1sg. (v. infr.) ; [dialect] Lacon.οἰῶ Ar.Lys.81
, 156, 998, Epil. 3. [In the un[var] contr. forms, Hom. uses [pron. full] ῑ inὀΐομαι Il.5.644
,ὀΐεαι 1.561
, Od.10.380,ὀΐεται 17.586
,ὀϊόμεθ' 21.322
,22.165,ὀϊόμενος Il.15.728
, Od. 2.351, al. (οἰόμενος Call.Epigr.8.2
),ὠΐετο Od.10.248
,ὀΐσατο 1.323
,9.213,19.390,ὀϊσάμενος 15.443
(but the v.l. ὀϊσσατο, ὀϊσσάμενος in Hom. can be supported byὀϊσσάμενος A.R.2.1135
, cf. Epic.Alex.Adesp.2.41, Arat.1006, by ὑποίζεσθαι (: ὑπονοεῖν) Hsch., and byὠῐσάμην A.R. 1.291
, ὠΐσατο [pron. full] [ῐ] Mosch.2.8, etc.) ; [voice] Act. [tense] pres. ὀΐω has [pron. full] ῑ when it stands at the end of a line, also in Od.19.215 (in fourth foot), 18.259 (before caesura in third foot) ; but [pron. full] ῐ in Il.1.558, 13.153,23.467, etc. ; οἴω as disyll. is always at the end, exc. in 15.298, 21.533, 23.310.]:—forebode, presage, c. acc.,κῆρας ὀϊομένῳ Il.13.283
;γόον δ' ὠΐετο θυμός Od. 10.248
; expect,ἐελδομένοισι μάλ' ἡμῖν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ὀϊομένοισι 24.401
; suspect,ἤ τι ὀϊσάμενος, ἢ καὶ θεὸς ὣς ἐκέλευσεν 9.339
;ἦ τινά που δόλον ἄλλον ὀΐεαι 10.380
; fear,κατὰ θυμὸν ὀΐσατο, μή ἑ λαβοῦσα οὐλὴν ἀμφράσσαιτο 19.390
;τῷ ἑπόμην.., ὀϊόμενός περ, ἀνάγκῃ 14.298
: abs., αἰεὶ μὲν ὀΐεαι, οὐδέ σε λήθω thou art ever suspecting, Il.1.561 ; , cf. Od.15.443 : folld. by ὡς, καὐτὸς ὀΐεαι ὥς κεν ἐτύχθη you can guess how it would have happened, 3.255, cf. 17.586 : c. acc. et [tense] fut. inf.,ὀΐομαι ἄνδρα χολωσέμεν Il.1.78
; ἅ τιν' οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω ib. 289, cf. 5.252, 284, al. ;τὸ καὶ τελέεσθαι ὀΐω 1.204
;ἀλλ' οὐ νῦν ἐρύεσθαι ὀΐομαι 20.195
: c. acc. et [tense] pres. inf., referring to present time,οὐδέ τι θυμῷ ὠΐσθη δόλον εἶναι Od.4.453
, cf. 10.232 ;ὀΐσατο γὰρ θεὸν εἶναι 1.323
; : c. acc. et [tense] aor. inf., referring to past time,τῇ δ' ὀΐω κατανεῦσαι 1.558
, cf. Od.3.27, al.: the subj. of the inf. must freq. be supplied from the context, διωκέμεναι γὰρ ὀΐω I fear [they] are pursuing me, 15.278, cf. 1.201, 12.212, Il.12.66,al.: c. inf. alone, when both Verbs have the same subject, as κιχήσεσθαι δέ δ' ὀΐω I think I shall catch you, 6.341 ; mean, intend, c. [tense] fut. inf., , cf. 170, Od.19.215 : c. [tense] pres. inf.,οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ἑκὰς ἱστάμενος πολεμίζειν Il.13.262
.II impersonal, only Od.19.312, ἀλλά μοι ὧδ' ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὀΐεται there comes a boding into my heart.III think, suppose, believe, freq. in Hom., as Il.1.59,5.644, etc. ; ; οἶμαι γάρ νιν ἱκετεύσειν ( ἱκετεῦσαι codd.) E.IA 462 ; κτήσεσθαι (- σασθαι codd.) Lys.12.19 ; διαπράξεσθαι (- ξασθαι codd.) Id.13.53 ; ; opp. εἰδέναι, Pl.R. 506c4 ;οἴονται, ἴσασι δ' οὐδέν Arist.Rh. 1389b17
, cf.APo. 75a15 : folld. by ὅτι.., Plu.2.90b:—[voice] Pass., that he is the putative father, 784a (Tenos, iv B. C.).IV parenthetically, mostly in first person, ἐν πρώτοισιν, ὀΐω, κείσεται among the first, I ween, will he be lying, Il.8.536 ;ἔπειτά γ', ὀΐω, γνώσεαι Od.16.309
, cf. Il.13.153, Od.2.255, etc.: in Hom. only in act. form ὀΐω, exc.ὀΐομαι Od.22.140
, and perh. 14.363, cf. A.Ch. 758 ; in [dialect] Att. this parenthetic use is prob. confined to the shorter form οἶμαι, [tense] impf. ᾤμην ; rarely in other persons than the first, as οὐκ οἴει ἀναγκασθήσεται; Pl.R. 486c, cf. Tht. 147b ; πόσης οἴεσθε γέμει σωφροσύνης; Id.Smp. 216d.2 expressive of modesty or courtesy, to avoid over-great bluntness of assertion, Id.Grg. 483c, X.Cyr.1.3.11, etc.: even between a Prep. and its case, ;ἐν οἶμαι πολλοῖς D.20.3
; or between Art. and Subst.,οἱ γὰρ οἶμαι βέλτιστοι Id.54.38
.V answering a question, I think so, I should think so, Ar.Ach. 919, etc. ;νὴ τὸν Ἡρακλέα, οἶμαί γε Id.Th.27
;οἶμαι ἔγωγε Pl.Cri. 47d
, etc. ; οἴεσθαί γε χρή one must think so, it would seem so, Id.Prt. 325c, Cri. 53d, Phd. 68b, Grg. 522a.VI [dialect] Att. phrases:1 πῶς οἴει; you can't think how, to add force, like πῶς δοκεῖς ; .2 οἴομαι δεῖν I think it my duty, think fit, hence sts., intend, purpose, λέγειν οἴεται δεῖν ποιεῖν δεινούς his object is to train orators, Pl.Men. 95c, cf. 86b, Tht. 207e ; ; , cf. Pl.Prt. 316c, X.An.2.6.26, Mem.4.6.3,6 ; [ ὁ ἀκόλαστος] οἰόμενος δεῖν [ διώκει τὰ ἡδέα] intentionally, Arist.EN 1152a6, cf. 1136b8, Pl.Hipparch. 225b ; but οἴομαι δὲ δεῖν οὐδέν methinks there is no need, S.OC28 ; and in Pl.Alc.2.144d ἆρ' οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον.. οἰηθῆναι δεῖν.. ἡμᾶς εἰδέναι ἢ τῷ ὄντι εἰδέναι; must we not either think we know or really know? ( δεῖν being superfluous). -
8 VITA
* * *(veit, vissa, vitaðr), v.1) to have sense, be conscious (hann var enn eigi ørendr, en vissi þó ekki);with gen., gráðugr halr, nema geðs viti, unless he has his senses about him;2) to know;engi vissi skapara sinn, no one knew his maker;þeir er vel mart vitu, those who know many things;vita sik saklausan, to know oneself to be innocent;veizt þú, hvat þér man verða at bana, dost thou know what will be the cause of thy death?;vita skyn á e-m, to know one;Flosi kvaðst eigi vita skyn á, hverir lögmenn væri beztir, F. said that he knew nothing about who were the best lawyers;vita ván or vánir e-s, to expect, look for (G. vissi slíks matar þar ekki ván);vita fram, to be prescient, know the future;veit þat trúa min, upon my faith!;3) to see, try to find out (bað þá vita, hvat af Gretti yrði);vittu, ef þú hjálpir, see if thou canst help;vit, at þá náir sverði því, try to get that sword;4) to look, be turned towards;vita upp, fram, aptr, to look (be turned) upwards, forwards, backwards;vita móti sólu, at sjánum, to face the sun, the sea;vita til norðrættar, to look north;ormahöfuð öll vitu inn í húsit, all the heads of the serpents look into the hall;with gen., þeir fundu vínvið allt þar sem holta vissi, they found the vine wherever there was woodland;sökin veit til lands-laga, en ekki til Bjarkeyjar-réttar, the case comes under the country-law, and not under the town-law;6) to bode, betoken, with gen. (ekki vita slík orð lítils);þat mun eigi øngra tíðinda vita, this betokens no small tidings;7) to mean, have such and such bearing;hvat veit óp þetta, what means this shouting?;eigi veit þannig við, that is not the case;seg mér hit sanna, hversu við veit, how things stand;ok rœddu um þat, at nú mundi vel vita, that things were likely to take a good turn;8) with preps.:vita af e-u, to know of (ekki vissi á. af kaupi þeira);vita e-t at sér, to know oneself to be guilty of;vita e-t eptir sér = vita e-t at sér (vita eptir sér slíkan glœp);vita e-t frá sér, to be conscious (sensible) of (ek var svá syfjaðr, at ek vissa fátt frá mér);vita e-t fyrir, to know beforehand (ørlög sín viti engi maðr fyrir);vita til e-s, vita til um e-t, to know of (ekki vissu landsmenn til um ferð Þórólfs);vita ekki til sín, vita ekki til manna, to have lost consciousness, one’s senses;recipr. to know of an another (þeir vissust jafnan til í hafinu);vita um e-t, to make inquiries about (fara at vita um e-t);to know about (eigi veit ek um gaman þetta);vita e-t við e-n, to get to know a thing, from one (mun ek vita við skipverja mina, hvat þeim sýnist ráð).* * *a verb whose present is in a preterite form, see Gramm. p. xxiii: pres. veit, veizt (veiztu), veit; plur. vitum, vituð, vitu, later and mod. vitið, vita; the latter form appears in vellums early in the 14th century, e. g. þér vitið, Fms. vi. 144, from the Hulda: pret. vissa, vissir, vissi (never visti, cp. Goth. wissa, mod. Dan. vidste): subj. pres. vita, pret. vissa; imperat. vit, vittú; part. vitaðr (vitinn, Hornklofi): with neg. suff. veit-at, knows not, Hm. 74; veit-k-a-ek, ‘wot I not I,’ Hkr. iii. 376; veizt-attu, Hbl. 4; vitum-a, we know not, Skv. 3. 18; vissi-t, knew not: [Ulf. witan = εἰδέναι, γιγνώσκειν; A. S. and Hel. witan; Engl. wit; Germ. wissen; Dan. vide; Swed. vita; Lat. videre; Gr. εἰδέναι.]A. To wit, have sense, be conscious; hneig hón aptr ok vissi ekki til manna, Bjarn. 68; varð hann svá feginn at varla vissi hann, Flóv.; faðirinn vissi ekki lengi, svá þótti honum mikit, Bs. i. 369; hann þóttisk nær ekki vita fyrir hræzlu, Fms. vii. 142; hann var enn eigi örendr en vissi þó ekki, Fb. ii. 453; ek var svá syfjaðr at ek vissa fátt frá mér, Gísl. 6l; hestr laust einn ungan mann í höfuðit, ok sprakk mjök, ok vissi ekki, Bs. i. 314, l. c.; tók hann einn þeirra ok varðisk með, þar til er sá vissi ekki til sín, Fms. vi. 110; hann tók augna-verk strangan, ok vissi hann löngum hvárki í þenna heim né annan, Bs. i. 317; hann vissi lengi ekki hingat, 336; ok vissi þá ekki til sín löngum, 335; hvárt skal hjóna færa annat fram þat sem heldr hefir fé til, nema annat þeirra viti eigi vel ( unless he be not in the enjoyment of his full senses) en þegar er því batnar, Grág. i. 300: with gen., gráðigr halr nema geðs viti, Hm. 19 (see B. 3).2. vita skyn á, to understand, know, Nj. 223, Grág. ii. 167, Fms. i. 186, xi. 323 (see skyn); vita ván e-s, to expect, Eg. 746, Fms. viii. 180, Nj. 75, Blas. 46.II. to wit, know; vituð ér enn eða hvat, Vsp.; þeir er vel mart vitu, Hm. 53: ek veit, 76; vita sik saklausan, to know oneself to be sackless. Eg. 49; síðan skaltú vita þitt eyrendi, Finnb. 258; ef þeir vitu þetta eigi, Nj. 231; skaltú ok þat vita, at …, 88; lát sem þú vitir eigi, Ísl. ii. 250; þeir munu vitað hafa með Þráni, Nj. 136; ek veit allt með henni, El.; hitt veit ek eigi hvaðan þjófs-augu eru komin í ættir várar, Nj. 2; veit ek þann mann er þora man, 89; veizt þú hvat þér man verða at bana?—Veit ek, segir Njáll, 85; veitat hinn er vætki veit, Hm. 74.2. with prepp.; vita fram (fram-viss); vissi hann vel fram sem Vanir aðrir, Þkv. 15: vita fyrir, to foreknow (for-vitri); vita örlög sín fyrir, Hm. passim; mundi hann þat vita fyrir er hann vissi dauða sinn, Nj. 98: vita til e-s, to know of. Fms. x. 337; ekki vissu landsmenn til um ferð Þórólfs. Eg. 78.3. with the particle ‘at;’ þóttisk Þorkell vita at Grímr var þar, Dropl. 34; hana vissi at skíða-hlaði var við dyrr þær, 29; eigi munda ek vita at blóðrefillinn kæmi við mik í gær líttað, Fms. xi. 144: veitka ek nema þú þykkisk nú minn lávarðr, Hkr. iii. 376.III. in exclamations; hvat veit ek hvárt menn munu aldri hætta lygi-sögum, Fb. i. 184; var þetta hans bani, sem vita mátti, i. e. of course, Stj. 541; hvat ek veit, hvárt ek mun, what know I! should I? …, as an interjection, Nj. 85; veiztu, ef þú vin átt, farðú at finna opt, Hm. 43; veit þat trúa mín, upon my faith! Edda; veit menn, mod. viti menn! see maðr B. 3; hvar viti menn ( whoever knew) slíku bellt við konungmann, Eg. 415; hvar viti áðr orta mærð með æðra hætti, Edda (Ht.)IV. to see, try; má ek vita at ek fá af henni nökkurn vísdóm, Stj. 491; ek mun ríða ok hitta Óspak, ok vita at hanni vili sættask, Band. 5; ok vita at vér næðim Sokka víkingi, Fms. ii. 5; sá skal vita, er á strenginum heldr, hvárt hann skelfr, Fb. ii. 129; vil ek fara ok vita, at ek mega bjarga honum, 623. 16; vittu ef þú hjálpir, see if than canst help, Og. 5; vit at þú náir sverði því, Dropl. 28; fara heim ok vita hvers víss yrði, Nj. 114; vér skulum hlaupa at fylkingu þeirra, ok vita at vér komimk svá í gegnum, Fær. 81; skal yðr þat heimilt, ok vita at þit þroskizk hér, 45; sendi Sirpa bónda sinn at vita sér um brún-gras, to fetch for her (cp. vitja), Finnb. 258; ókunnugr ertú mér, ok vil ek vita við skipverja hvat þeim sýnisk ráð, Fbr. 62 new Ed.; ok bað hana vita af hón kenndi höfuðit, Bjarn. 68.V. to look towards, of a place, = Lat. spectare ad, vergere in; in þat er vissi til norðr-ættar, Edda 22; sá armr er vissi at dikinu, Fms. vi. 406; ok lögðusk þaðan undir sem at veit bænum, viii. 377; bæði þat er aptr vissi ok fram, vii. 94; á þann bekk er vissi móti sólu, vi. 439; þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, viii. 115; rökðu þangat sporin sem klaufirnar höfðu vitað, Ó. H. 152; vissu þá grundvellir upp, en veggir í jörð niðr, Sks. 142 new Ed.; fætr vissu upp, Eg. 508; þar á eynni er vissi til Atleyjar, 222; þeir fundu vínvið allt þar sem holta vissi, they found the vine wherever there was woodland, Þorf. Karl. 420; en þróask, ef hann vissi til mikilleiks, if it shewed growth, Korm. 8; allt þat er honum þótti grjóts vita, þótti honum við gull glóa, Konr.2. metaph. to come under that and that head, to respect, mean, have such and such bearing; sökin veit til lands-laga en ekki til Bjarkeyjar-réttar, this case comes under the country-law, and not under the town-law, Fms. vii. 130; eigi veit þannig við, that is not the case, Nj. 180; ef öðru-vísi veit við, Al. 106; seg mér et sanna, hversu við veit, how things stand, Fms. iii. 70; konungr svarar, at mál þat vissi allt annan veg við, Ó. H. 199; hvat veit hrygð þessi? Stj. 600; hvat veit óp þetta, what means this shouting? Fms. viii. 141; hvat vissi laga-frétt sú er Emundr spurði í gær? Ó. H. 87; skipan er hér á vorðin, ok veit ek eigi hvat þat veit, I know not what it means, cannot understand it, Fs. 6; þat man eigi öngra tíðenda vita, i. e. that will mean something great, Nj. 83; gör sem ek býð þér, ok kann vera, at þór viti vel, do as I bid thee, and may be, it will be well with thee, 655 xiii. B. 4; ok rædda um þat at nú mundi vel vita, Ísl. ii. 354; hræzlu (gen.) þat vissi, it savoured of fear, Am. 97; ekki vita slík orð lítils, Sd. 151; hlæra þú af því at þér góðs viti, it is for no good that thou laughest, Bkv. 2. 31; er lítils góðs vissi, Barl. 20: þá gleði er viti til meins, Hom. (St.); þat er til hans veit, what respects him, Orkn. 314; þat er til heiðins siðar veit, N. G. L. i. 383.3. vita á, to forebode; brakar í klaufum, vind mun á vita, Mar. 1057 (cp. á-vitull); það veit á regn, storm, …, of weather marks.B. Recipr. to know of one another; þeir vissusk jafnan til í hafinu, Landn. 56; ok vitask þeir við mála-munda þann sín á miðli, to know mutually, Grág. i. 469; better, ok vitusk þeir þat við mála-munda þann, Kb. i. 131.2. pass.; skyldi aldrei annat vitask, to be known, Fas. i. 22.3. part.; vitandi né valdandi þessa verks, Fms. ix. 412; margs vitandi, Vsp. 20, Edda 11; vitandi vits, Hm. 17, Fms. v. 258 (cp. A l); vitandi mann-vits, Edda 9; viss vitandi, intentionally, knowingly, jb. 309 A; visir vitendr, Grág. (Kb.) i. 243, ii. 57; visar vitendr, Grág. i. 228.4. the past pret.; á morgun skal okkur saga vituð verða, to be known, proved, 655 xiii. B. 1; þat mátti eigi vitað verða, 625. 83; ef þetta er satt, þá er þat vitað (clear, manifest) at hón hefir eigi mær verit, Fms. x. 294; þat er vitað ( well known) at sjá. maðr er afbragð annarra manna, vi. 144; ok er þat vitað hver stóriðendi görðusk um hans mál, vii. 124; sá er þeim völlr of vitaðr, that field is marked out for them, Vþm. 18; valr vitinn Friggjar faðm-byggvi, allotted to Odin, Hornklofi. -
9 εἴδω
εἴδω, no [voice] Act. [tense] pres. in use, ὁράω being used:—[voice] Med., v.infr. A.11: [tense] aor. 2 [full] εἶδον always in sense ofA see (so in [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med., to be seen, i.e. seem): but [tense] pf. [full] οἶδα, in [tense] pres. sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, cf. ([etym.] ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Lat. videre; with ([etym.] ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Skt. véda, Goth. wait, OE. wát 'know'.)A [tense] aor. 2 εἶδον (late ), serving as [tense] aor. to ὁράω, [dialect] Ep. ἴδον, iter.ἴδεσκε Il.3.217
, late [dialect] Aeol.εὔιδον Epigr.Gr.990.11
([place name] Balbilla); imper. ἴδε (in [dialect] Att. written as Adv. ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετε; subj. ἴδω, [dialect] Ep.ἴδωμι Il.18.63
; opt. ἴδοιμι; inf. ἰδεῖν, [dialect] Ep. ἰδέειν; part. ἰδών: hence, [tense] fut.ἰδησῶ Theoc.3.37
:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 2 εἰδόμην, [dialect] Ep. ἰδόμην, in same sense, poet., [dialect] Ion., and later Prose (c. gen., Arat.430) (so in compds., even in [dialect] Att. Prose, v. ἐπ-, προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην); imper. ἰδοῦ (freq. written as Adv. ἰδού, = ἰδέ); subj. ἴδωμαι; opt. ἰδοίμην; inf. ἰδέσθαι; part.ἰδόμενος Hdt.1.88
, al.:1 see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, Il.1.587, etc.;ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν E.Or. 1020
; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, Od.6.126, cf. 21.159; mark, observe, Il.4.476, Od.4.412, etc.: folld. by relat. clause,ἴδωμ' ὅτιν' ἔργα τέτυκται Il.22.450
; : freq. in inf. after Subst. or Adj., θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, Il.5.725;οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν A.Pr. 240
;ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν Pl.R. 620a
.c see, i.e. experience,νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι Od.3.233
, etc.;δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν E.Hec.56
;ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν S.Tr. 835
;τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν Id.Ant. 1270
(lyr.); ἀλόχου κουριδίης.. οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, Il.11.243.2 look, ἰδεῖν ἐς .. look at or towards, 2.271, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐπί .. 23.143; πρός .. Od.12.244; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, Il.9.373, etc.;κατ' ἐνῶπα ἰδών 15.320
; ἄντα, ἐσάντα, or ἄντην ἰδεῖν, 13.184, 17.334, Od.5.78, etc.: qualified by Adv. or Adj., ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, Il.1.148, al.; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, 2.269; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, A.Eu. 541 (lyr.).3 see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν ' to see in his mind's eye', Il.21.61, cf. 4.249;ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl.R. 511a
.II [voice] Med., [tense] pres. [full] εἴδομαι, [dialect] Ep.ἐείδεται Theoc.25.58
, part.ἐειδόμενος Pi.
N..10.15: [tense] aor. εἰσάμην, [dialect] Ep. part.ἐεισάμενος Il. 2.22
, al.:—only [dialect] Ep.and Lyr., to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear, 8.559;εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι 13.98
;εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός 24.319
;ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον Epigr.Gr.1034.19
([place name] Callipolis), cf. Od.5.283; perh. also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, Il.13.191.2 c. inf., appear or seem to be, ; , etc.: with inf. omitted,οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ 19.283
, etc.;οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται Il.14.472
, cf. Theoc. 25.58; also, look like or make a show of.., εἴσατ' ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, Od.8.283; εἴσατο δ' ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, 5.281.3 strictly middle, c. dat., εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, Il.2.791, cf. 20.81;αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι Rhian.50
: esp. in part., like,εἰδομένη κήρυκι Il.2.280
, etc.;τῷ δ' ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος Pi.N.10.15
;εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν A.Ag. 771
(lyr.);φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι Hdt.6.69
.B [tense] pf., οἶδα I know, used as [tense] pres.: [tense] plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as [tense] impf.:—[tense] pf. οἶδα, [dialect] Aeol.ὄϊδα Alc. 145
; [ per.] 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc. 456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc. 780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., [dialect] Att., etc.; in Com. also sts.οἶσθας Cratin.105
, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., and [dialect] Dor. ἴδμεν, also [dialect] Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib. 283, al.];οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17
,οἴδατε AP12.81
(Mel.),οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43
, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual,οἴδατον Socr.Ep.22.1
: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω, late codd.: from [ per.] 3pl. ἴσασι (ἴσαντι Epich. 53
) were formed [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1sg.ἴσᾱμι Epich.254
, Pi.P.4.248; [ per.] 3sg.ἴσατι IG14.644.4
([place name] Bruttii); [ per.] 1pl.ἴσᾰμεν Pi.N.7.14
, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. [ per.] 3pl. subj. ; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part.ἴσας A.D.Adv.175.19
, dat. sg.ἴσαντι Pi.P.3.29
, Cret. pl. : subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. (Halic., V B.C.); [dialect] Ep. alsoεἴδω Od.1.174
, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131),εἴδομεν Il.1.363
,εἴδετε Od.9.17
: opt. εἰδείην, [ per.] 1pl. , R. 582a: inf. εἰδέναι, [dialect] Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, alsoἰδέμεν Pi.N.7.25
: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, [dialect] Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean :—[tense] plpf.ᾔδεα Il.14.71
, Hdt.2.150, [var] contr.ᾔδη S.Ant.18
, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp. 119a,ᾔδησθα Od.19.93
, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec. 551, E.Cyc. 108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε ([etym.] ν) Il.17.402, al.,ᾔδη 1.70
, al. (also later [dialect] Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), [dialect] Att. [var] contr. ᾔδει ([etym.] ν) E. Ion 1187, Ar.V. 558, etc.; [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. - εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; [dialect] Att. also [ per.] 1sg.ᾔδειν D.37.24
, [ per.] 2sg. , etc.; pl.,ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82
, Arist.APo. 87b40,ᾔδεμεν Men.14D.
(to be read in S.OT 1232),ᾔδειτε D.55.9
, etc. ( ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), [dialect] Ion.ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58
([etym.] συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge.42.23
, Str.15.3.23,ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175
, Thgn.54, etc.; late [dialect] Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr. 340, E. Cyc. 231, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.ἴσαν Il.18.405
, Od.4.772:—[tense] fut., in this sense,εἴσομαι Il.1.548
, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach. 332, etc.; alsoεἰδήσω Od.7.327
, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top. 108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf.εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257
.—The [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; [tense] aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN 1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper.εἴδησον PCair.Zen.36.2
(iii B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No. 190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers.,τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551
, cf. Pl.R. 365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.;παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4
: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med. 593;σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.Supp. 740
, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73;φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277
; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen.,ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229
;ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412
; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718;αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525
;οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202
;ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250
;μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823
;κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360
; ;εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665
;θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438
; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36
, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach. 860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact,ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365
;μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250
;μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36
, cf. 3.53;μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.R. 337d
, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.2 c. inf., know how to do,οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238
, cf. S.Ph. 1010, Ar.V. 376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med. 664, D.4.40; of drugs,ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex.
Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, .3 c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag. 1670;ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76
; : in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, ; : with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.4 less freq.c.acc. et inf.,πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.Pers. 337
, cf. S.Ph. 1329;εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.Cyr.8.3.44
; alsoεὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.Pers. 431
;ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.IA 1005
.5 c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc.,οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.El. 332
;ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.Prt. 323b
, etc.6 οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ .. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed,οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc.48
, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R. 40cb;οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.Cra. 396d
.8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, ; σάφ' οἶδα ib.94, 963; also οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι ) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ' ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.;σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.Pl. 889
:—οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq. 1158, cf. Pax 1051, etc.; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον; S.OT 543; also οἶσθ'.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT 1203: rarely with the [tense] fut., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc. 131, cf. Med. 600 codd. -
10 μή
A mā´, Arm. mi [from I.-E. mē´], negative used in prohibitions):— not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,1 with [tense] pres. imper., 2 pers.,μή μ' ἐρέθιζε Il.1.32
, al.; 3 pers.,μή μευ πειράτω 9.345
, etc.: rarely with [tense] aor. imper.,μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ 4.410
, cf. Od.24.248; in [dialect] Att.,μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870
; 3 pers.,μή τις ἀκουσάτω Od.16.301
, cf. Pi.O.8.55, P.5.23, A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 1180;μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω X.Cyr.7.5.73
, Pl.Ap. 17c: with [tense] pf. imper. 3 pers.,μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω Il.12.272
; or 2 pers. when [tense] pf. = [tense] pres.,μὴ κεκράγετε Ar. V. 415
.2 with subj. (usu. 2 pers. of [tense] aor.), in prohibitions,μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς Il.5.684
, cf. A.Pr. 583 (lyr.), al.; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο ib. 625, cf. S.Ph. 470;μὴ φθονήσῃς Pl.Prt. 320c
: coupled with [tense] pres. imper.,μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε D.21.211
; 3 pers.,μὴ.. γένηται Il.4.37
, cf. Od.22.213;μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι Pi.O.5.24
: rarely, if ever, with 2 pers. [tense] pres. subj., (leg. κάμῃς); 3 pers., μή τις οἴηται, = μὴ οἰώμεθα, Pl.Lg. 861e: also with the hortative subj. used to supply the 1 pers. of the imper., [tense] pres. μὴ ἴομεν ([etym.] ἴωμεν) Il.12.216, etc.;μὴ διώκωμεν Hdt.8.109
, etc.: [tense] aor.μὴ πάθωμεν X.Cyr.1.5.11
, etc.: rarely with [ per.] 1sg.,μή σε.. κιχείω Il.1.26
, cf. 21.475, 22.123, S.OC 174 (anap.).b with [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. subj. in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, Il.5.487; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, Od.5.356; : in [dialect] Att. Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps, , cf. Tht. 188d, Arist.Pol. 1291a8, al.: in later Greek the ind. is found,μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται Dam.Pr.27
.3 with [tense] fut. ind., a dub. usage ( νεμεσήσετ ' is subj. in Il.15.115),μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε Lys.29.13
; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Pap. βούλη[σθ]ε) D.23.117; cf.μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν Ar.Pl. 488
.4 with past tenses of ind. to express an unfulfilled wish,μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι Il.9.698
, cf. Od. 11.548; ;εἴθε μή ποτ' εἰδόμαν Id.OT 1217
(lyr.), cf. E.IA70, Cyc. 186, X.Cyr.4.6.3.5 with opt. to express a negative wish, with [tense] pres.,ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426
, cf. Eu. 938 (lyr.): more freq. with [tense] aor.,μὴ σέ γ' ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν Od.1.386
, cf. 403, 11.613.6 in oaths and asseverations,ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος Il.10.330
;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41
;μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ' ἀφήσω Ar.Ec. 1000
, cf. Av. 195, Lys. 917.7 c. inf., when used as imper.,μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους Il.17.501
;μὴ πρὶν ἐπ' ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413
;οἷς μὴ πελάζειν A.Pr. 712
.8 freq. without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (sc. θάνῃς) S.OC 1441; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (sc. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, Ar.Ach. 458; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (sc. ποιεῖσθε) S.Ant. 577; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! E.Med. 964; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! Ar.Ach. 345;μή μοί γε μύθους Id.V. 1179
.B in DEPENDENT clauses:1 with Final Conjs.,ἵνα μή Il.19.348
, etc.;ὅπως μή D.27.5
,al.;ὡς μή Il.8.37
, A.Pr.53,al.;ὄφρα μή Il. 1.118
,al.: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν, that so,ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ Ar.V. 178
, Pl.Grg. 481a;ὡς ἂν μή Od.4.749
, Hdt.1.5; butb μή alone, = ἵνα μή, lest,ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη Il.1.522
, cf. 587;λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη Od.6.147
: [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. in consecutive clauses, Ar.Ec. 495 (lyr., dub.l.).2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, v. εἰ (for the exceptions v. οὐ), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, v. ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε, etc.b ὅτι μή except,ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι Hdt.1.18
, cf. Th.4.26;ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη Pl.Phd. 67a
; ὅσον μή ib. 83a; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, Th.4.16.3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs.,ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν Ev.Jo.3.18
, cf. Luc.DMort.21.2, D Deor.2.1;ἐπεὶ μή Id.Hist.Conscr.3
, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς that, , cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.29, DDeor.20.10.4 in relat. clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., Hdt.4.74; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (fort. κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., A.Eu. 618, cf. 661, 899; λέγονθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, S.Ph. 583; ; : freq. with subj.,ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν Od.4.165
, al.: with ἄν, S.OT 281: with opt.,ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη X.Cyr.1.6.19
, etc.: less freq. with opt. and ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 20a, Lg. 839a; γένοιτο δ' ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ ib. 872d.5 c. inf.,a regularlyfrom Homer on, exc. after Verbs of saying and thinking (but v. infr. c): after ὥστε orὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν A.Pers. 725
(troch.), etc. (for exceptions v. οὐ): always when the inf. takes the Art.,τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν Pi.O.8.60
;τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε A. Eu.86
, cf. 749, Pr. 624; .b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like ,ὁ δ' ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι Il.18.500
(without μή ib. 450);ἀντιδικεῖν Lys.6.12
([etym.] μηδέν); ἀντιλέγειν Th.5.49
, Is.4.15 ([etym.] μηδέ); ἀπαγορεύειν Antipho 5.34
, And.4.9; , D.33.19, etc.; ; , al. (withoutμή S.Aj.70
);ἀπιστεῖν Th.4.40
;ἀπεγνωκέναι Lys.1.34
;ἀποστερεῖσθαι Antipho 2.4.1
([etym.] μηδέ); ἀποτρέπεσθαι Id.5.32
([etym.] μηδέν) ; ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, Ar.Eq. 572, Hdt.3.67;ἐναντιωθῆναι Pl.Ap. 32b
;σχεῖν Hdt.1.158
; παύειν (where the part. is more freq.) Ar.Ach. 634; ;ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν Th.2.17
: in these cases the Art. freq. precedesμή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε Hdt.5.101
; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι; S.Ant. 535; εἴργειν τὸ μή .. Th.3.1, etc.; also (lyr.): with Art. in gen., ἔχειν τοῦ μή .. X.An.3.5.71; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή .. Id.Cyr.2.4.23.c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like ; so after ὄμνυμι, Il.9.133, Od.5.179, Hdt.1.165, 2.179, Ar.V. 1047, etc.;μαρτυρῶ Lys.7.11
, D.45.15, etc.; , Smp. 202b, cf. Phd. 93d, etc.;ἐγγυῶμαι Pi.O.11(10).18
, Pl.Prt. 336d; , etc.;πιστεύω And.1.2
, X.An.1.9.8, etc.: occasionally with other Verbs,φημί Id.Mem.1.2.39
, Pl.Tht. 155a; λέγω, προλέγω, Th. 5.49, 1.139; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή .. X. Cyr.7.1.18; νομίζω ib.7.5.59, Th.6.102; : very freq. in later Gr., Ev.Matt.2.12, Luc. Peregr.44, etc.6 with the part., when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε, Hdt.4.64; μὴ θέλων, = εἰ μὴ θέλεις, A.Pr. 504; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, = εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε, Id.Ag. 273; μὴ δρῶν, = εἰ μὴ δρῴην, S.OT77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα, = ut qui nihil sciam, Id.OC 1155, cf. Ant. 1063, 1064; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις; one who sees not, Id.OC73: in this signf. freq. with the Art.,ὁ μὴ λεύσσων Id.Tr. 828
(lyr.);ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας Pl.Lg. 762e
;τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ Antipho 5.65
;τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα Lycurg.27
, cf. 45, etc.: with causal significance,μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται S.OT 289
, etc.;ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος Antipho 2.2.4
; ;μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος D.3.8
: very freq. in later Greek, POxy.38.16 (i A.D.), Luc.DMeretr.12.4, etc.: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, S.Ph.79, OC 656, 797, 1122, E.Tr. 970, Th.1.76, 2.17.7 with Substs., Adjs., and Advbs. used generically, with or without Art.,τὰ μὴ δίκαια A.Eu. 432
;δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια Id.Ch.78
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ 'νδικον S.OT 682
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ καλόν Id.Ant. 370
(lyr.); ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, = τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν, want of experience, Ar.Ec. 115;ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή Pl.Lg. 966c
; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον ib. 759b;ὁ μὴ ἰατρός Id.Grg. 459b
;νίκης μὴ κακῆς A.Eu. 903
, cf. Th. 411;τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς Id.Pr. 1012
, cf. Ag. 349, 927.8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (cf. μὴ οὐ):a when the thing feared is [tense] fut., mostly with subj.: with [tense] pres. subj., δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., S.OT 747, cf.Ant. 1113;ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς Pl.Prt. 314a
: more freq. with [tense] aor.,δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ Il. 1.555
, cf. 9.244, 13.745: with [tense] pf., shall prove to have been, , cf. Ph. 494, Hdt.3.119,4.140, etc.: less freq. with [tense] fut. ind., X.Cyr.2.3.6, Ar.Ec. 488, Pl.Phlb. 13a: with opt. according to the sequence of moods and tenses: [tense] pres. opt., S. Tr. 482, X.An.1.10.9: [tense] aor., Od.11.634, etc.: [tense] pf., X.Cyr.1.3.10: with [tense] fut. opt. in oratio obliqua, Id.HG6.4.27, Mem.1.2.7, Pl.Euthphr. 15d: with opt. and ἄν, S.Tr. 631, X.vect.4.41.b when the action is [tense] pres. or past, the ind. is used, , cf. E. Ion 1523, Ar.Nu. 493, Pl.La. 196c;ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν Id.Tht. 145b
, cf. E.Hel. 119; , cf. E.Or. 209, Pl.Ly. 218d;δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν Od. 5.300
.c with ind. and subj. in consecutive clauses, E.Ph.93.C in QUESTIONS:I direct questions,1 with ind., where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in A.Ag. 683 (lyr.), S.OC 1502, Tr. 316, Pl.Grg. 488b), in Hom. only ἦ μή .. ; Od.6.200, 9.405; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν .. ; A.Pers. 344, cf. Pr. 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and [dialect] Att. freq. ἆρα μή; Id.Th. 208, S.El. 446, Pl.R. 405a: for questions in which μή ([etym.] μηδέ ) follows οὐ, v. οὐ μή.b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσω; what am I not to do? S.El. 1276 (lyr.); τί μή; why not? Id.Aj. 668 (s.v.l.); cf. μήν2 with subj., when the speaker deliberates about a neg. action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμεν; Pl.R. 335c, cf. 337b, 417b; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκην; D.21.35; πῶς μὴ φῶμεν; Pl.Tht. 161e: with opt. and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? Id.Lg. 887c, cf. Grg. 510d, X. Mem.3.1.10.II indirect questions, freq. with Verbs implying fear and apprehension (cf. B. 8),ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται Il.10.98
, cf. 101, Od.21.395;περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει S.El. 898
, cf. Th.2.13, etc.; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή .. Isoc.5.8, cf. 15.6; later in simple indirect questions,ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω Ant.Lib.23.5
.2 in questions introduced byεἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι Aeschin.2.36
( εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή .., A.Eu. 468, 612, And.1.7, Pl.Ap. 18a, R. 457d, X.Cyr.2.1.7; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, Is.8.9; so also,τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14
.D POSITION of μή. When the neg. extends its power over the whole clause, μή prop. precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sts. put μή after the Verb,ὄλοιο μή πω S.Ph. 961
; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα ib. 332, cf. OC 1522.E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, S.OT13, 221, Tr. 321, etc.: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis,μὴ 'πὁθουν Id.Aj. 962
;μὴ 'μβαίνῃς Id.OC 400
; : in Prose,μὴ 'κ IG12.115.11
: μή folld. by α is sts. written μἀ .. (v. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sts. separately,μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu.85
, etc.F μή in COMPOSITION, or joined with other Particles, as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order. -
11 οἶδα
οἶδα,A [tense] pf. morphology, οἶδα I know, used as [tense] pres.: [tense] plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as [tense] impf.:—[tense] pf. οἶδα, [dialect] Aeol.ὄϊδα Alc. 145
; [ per.] 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc. 456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc. 780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., [dialect] Att., etc.; in Com. also sts.οἶσθας Cratin.105
, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., and [dialect] Dor. ἴδμεν, also [dialect] Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib. 283, al.];οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17
,οἴδατε AP12.81
(Mel.),οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43
, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual,οἴδατον Socr.Ep.22.1
: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω, late codd.: from [ per.] 3pl. ἴσασι (ἴσαντι Epich. 53
) were formed [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1sg.ἴσᾱμι Epich.254
, Pi.P.4.248; [ per.] 3sg.ἴσατι IG14.644.4
([place name] Bruttii); [ per.] 1pl.ἴσᾰμεν Pi.N.7.14
, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. [ per.] 3pl. subj. ; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part.ἴσας A.D.Adv.175.19
, dat. sg.ἴσαντι Pi.P.3.29
, Cret. pl. : subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. (Halic., V B.C.); [dialect] Ep. alsoεἴδω Od.1.174
, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131),εἴδομεν Il.1.363
,εἴδετε Od.9.17
: opt. εἰδείην, [ per.] 1pl. , R. 582a: inf. εἰδέναι, [dialect] Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, alsoἰδέμεν Pi.N.7.25
: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, [dialect] Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean :—[tense] plpf.ᾔδεα Il.14.71
, Hdt.2.150, [var] contr.ᾔδη S.Ant.18
, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp. 199a,ᾔδησθα Od.19.93
, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec. 551, E.Cyc. 108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε ([etym.] ν) Il.17.402, al.,ᾔδη 1.70
, al. (also later [dialect] Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), [dialect] Att. [var] contr. ᾔδει ([etym.] ν) E. Ion 1187, Ar.V. 558, etc.; [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. - εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; [dialect] Att. also [ per.] 1sg.ᾔδειν D.37.24
, [ per.] 2sg. , etc.; pl.,ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82
, Arist.APo. 87b40,ᾔδεμεν Men.14D.
(to be read in S.OT 1232),ᾔδειτε D.55.9
, etc. ( ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), [dialect] Ion.ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58
([etym.] συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge.42.23
, Str.15.3.23,ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175
, Thgn.54, etc.; late [dialect] Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr. 340, E. Cyc. 231, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.ἴσαν Il.18.405
, Od.4.772:—[tense] fut., in this sense,εἴσομαι Il.1.548
, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach. 332, etc.; alsoεἰδήσω Od.7.327
, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top. 108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf.εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257
.—The [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; [tense] aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN 1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper.εἴδησον PCair.Zen.36.2
(iii B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No. 190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers.,τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551
, cf. Pl.R. 365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.;παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4
: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med. 593;σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.Supp. 740
, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73;φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277
; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen.,ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229
;ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412
; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718;αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525
;οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202
;ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250
;μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823
;κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360
; ;εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665
;θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438
; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36
, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach. 860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact,ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365
;μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250
;μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36
, cf. 3.53;μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.R. 337d
, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.2 c. inf., know how to do,οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238
, cf. S.Ph. 1010, Ar.V. 376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med. 664, D.4.40; of drugs,ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex.
Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, .3 c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag. 1670;ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76
; : in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, ; : with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.4 less freq.c.acc. et inf.,πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.Pers. 337
, cf. S.Ph. 1329;εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.Cyr.8.3.44
; alsoεὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.Pers. 431
;ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.IA 1005
.5 c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc.,οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.El. 332
;ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.Prt. 323b
, etc.6 οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ .. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed,οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc.48
, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R. 40cb;οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.Cra. 396d
.8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, ; σάφ' οἶδα ib.94, 963; also οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι ) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ' ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.;σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.Pl. 889
:—οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq. 1158, cf. Pax 1051, etc.; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον; S.OT 543; also οἶσθ'.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT 1203: rarely with the [tense] fut., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc. 131, cf. Med. 600 codd. -
12 ἐξόμνυμι
II mostly, swear in the negative,ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι; S.Ant. 535
;μαρτυρεῖν ἢ ἐξομνύειν D.29.20
:— mostly in [voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐξωμοσάμην, deny or disown upon oath, swear formally that one does not know a thing, abjure,τὰς διαβολάς Id.57.36
;ἃ μὲν οἶδεν ἐξόμνυσθαι Is.9.19
: abs., ib.18, Pl.Lg. 949a, etc.;οὐκ ἂν ἐξομόσαιτο μὴ οὐκ εἰδέναι D.57.59
, cf. PHal.1.230 (iii B. C.); forswear, renounce,συγγένειαν ἐξόμνυσθαι LXX 4 Ma.4.26
, 10.3.2 decline or refuse an office by an oath that one has not means or health to perform it,ἐξομόσασθαι τὴν πρεσβείαν Aeschin.2.94
, cf. D.19.124; [ τὴν ἀρχήν] Arist.Pol. 1297a20, Plu.Marc.6, 12, cf. Thphr.Char.24.5.III later, simply, swear, make affidavit, PFlor.32A12 (iii A. D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξόμνυμι
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13 ἐπιμελής
ἐπιμελ-ής, ές,2. abs., careful, attentive, Ar. Nu. 501, X.Mem.2.6.38, etc.: [comp] Comp.- εστέρα ψυχή S.Fr. 472
, cf. X. An.3.2.30: [comp] Sup., Isoc.4.142;- εστέραν ἔχειν ἑτέρου θεραπείαν Men. 223.9
. Adv. - λῶς carefully, X.Mem.2.4.2, Pl.Ti. 88c, Men.Pk.32, etc.; [dialect] Ion.- λέως Hp.Art.55
; Cret. ([place name] Itanos): [comp] Comp.- έστερον X.Mem.3.5.14
; ;- εστέρως Ath.14.629b
: [comp] Sup.- έστατα Pl.Alc.1.104d
.II. [voice] Pass., cared for, an object of care,οἱ τοῦτ' ἦν ἐπιμελές Hdt.3.40
;οἷς ἁγνεῖαι.. ἐπιμελεῖς Pl.Lg. 909e
; τὸ ἐ. τοῦ δρωμένου the charge of the execution of orders, Th.5.66: mostly in neut. ἐπιμελές, c. dat. pers., Κύρῳ ἐπιμελὲς ἐγένετο τὰ Κροῖσος εἶπε made him anxious, Hdt.1.89, cf. 5.12,7.37; ἐ. μοι ἦν it was my business, Id.2.150: c.inf., οὐδενὶ ἐ. ἦν σκοπεῖν it was no one's business to see, Antipho 2.4.6; οἷς ἐ. εἴη εἰδέναι who made it their business to know, Th.1.5, cf. D.18.249;ἐ. πεποίημαι εἰδέναι Pl.Smp. 172c
;τοῖς ἄρχουσιν ἐ. ἔστω μή.. Id.Lg. 932d
: c. dat. et gen., οἷς τούτων ἐ. ib. 763e, cf. 824;δεῖπερὶ ἀρετῆς ἐ. εἶναι τῇ πόλει Arist.Pol. 1280b7
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιμελής
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14 εἴδω
εἴδω (root ϝιδ): an assumed pres., answering to the tenses enumerated below, meaning (I) see, seem, and (II) know.—I. (1) see, look, aor. 2 εἶδον, ἴδον, subj. ἴδω, ἴδωμι, opt. ἴδοιμι, imp. ἴδε, inf. ἰδεῖν, ἰδέειν, part. ἰδών, mid. aor. 2 ἰδόμην, ἴδοντο, εἴδοντο, subj. ἴδωμαι, opt. ἴδοιτο, imp. ἴδεσθε, inf. ἰδέσθαι.— (2) seem, appear, be like, pres. εἴδεται, part. εἰδόμενος, aor. 1 2 sing. ἐείσαο, 3 sing. ἐείσατο, εἴσατο, opt. εἴσαιτο, part. εἰσάμενος, ἐεισάμενος. The meanings need no special illustration; a difference between act. and mid. of signif. see is not to be sought. Metaph., ὄφρα ϝίδωμαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἠδὲ δαείω, Il. 21.71. Denoting resemblance, εἴσατο δὲ φθογγὴν υἷι Πριάμοιο Πολίτῃ, Il. 2.791, etc.—II. know, perf. οἶδα, οἶσθα ( οἶδας), ἴδμεν, ἴστε, ἴσᾶσ(ι), subj. εἰδῶ, εἰδέω, εἴδομεν, εἴδετε, εἰδῶσι, opt. εἰδείην, imp. ἴσθ(ι), ἴστω, inf. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, ἰδυῖα, plup. ἤδε(α), ἠείδης and ᾔδησθα, ᾔδη and ῄδεε(ν) and ἠείδη, 3 pl. εἴσαν, fut. εἴσομαι, εἰδήσω, inf. εἰδήσειν, εἰδησέμεν: The meaning know comes as the result of have seen (cf. nosco, novi); with acc. οἶδα may mean ‘be skilled in,’ and w. inf. ‘know how,’ see esp. Il. 7.237-241; special phrase, χάριν εἰδέναι, ‘be grateful,’ ‘thankful’; another special signif., peculiar to Homer, is when the word denotes disposition or character, turn of mind; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισι, Od. 3.277; ἤπια εἰδέναι, so αἴσιμα, ἄρτια, ἀθεμίστια ϝειδώς, ‘a lawless spirit,’ Od. 9.189.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > εἴδω
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15 καλῶς
καλῶς adv. of καλός (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.; καλῶς overtakes εὖ: JLee, NovT 27, ’85, 11–13.) gener. ‘well, beautifully’.① pert. to meeting relatively high standards of excellence or expectation, fitly, appropriately, in the right way, splendidly (Is 23:16) κ. πάντα πεποίηκεν he has done everything very well, indeed Mk 7:37. διὰ τὸ κ. οἰκοδομῆσθαι αὐτήν because it was well built Lk 6:48; καλῶς κτισθέντα (opp. ἄχρηστα) created to good purpose Dg 4:2. σὺ κάθου ὧδε κ. be seated here in a good place = here’s a nice place for you Js 2:3 (=ἐν καλῷ, as Alciphron, Ep.3, 20 ἄγει μέ τις λαβὼν εἰς τὸ θέατρον, καθίσας ἐν καλῷ ‘someone took me to the theater and showed me to a good seat’; Lucian, Paras. 50 καλῶς κατακείμενος; other pass. Field, Notes 236), unless κ. here= please (so JRopes, ICC 1916 ad loc.; NRSV. Either rendering catches the deferential tone of κ.). σὺ κ. εὐχαριστεῖς you may give thanks well enough 1 Cor 14:17; ἐτρέχετε κ. you were running so well Gal 5:7. Cp. 1 Ti 3:4, 12 (Diog. L. 1, 70 Chilon advises that one must μανθάνειν τῆς αὑτοῦ οἰκίας καλῶς προστατεῖν), 13; 5:17; Papias (4). In these pass. the mng. approaches 2.② pert. to meeting expectations of personal excellence, commendably, in a manner free from objection ζηλοῦσιν οὐ καλῶς Gal 4:17. κ. ἀναστρέφεσθαι (s. ἀναστρέφω 3a) Hb 13:18. πολιτεύεσθαι 1 Cl 44:6. κ. καὶ ἁγνῶς Hs 5, 6, 6; ἀγωνίζεσθαι 2 Cl 7:1 (cp. 1 Tim 6:12). ἐργάζεσθαι Hm 7, 1. δουλεύειν Hs 5, 6, 5. κ. καὶ δικαίως παραδεδόσθαι 1 Cl 51:2. κ. καὶ ἀληθῶς φρονεῖν Hm 3, 4. κ. καὶ σεμνῶς ὁρᾶν Hs 9, 1, 2. τὸ κ. ἔχον orderly behavior 1 Cl 14:2. κ. ἔχει θεὸν καὶ ἐπίσκοπον εἰδέναι it is commendable to honor God and (at the same time) the supervisor (bishop) ISm 9:1.③ pert. to being of advantage, in a manner that is beneficial/acceptable, well κ. ποιεῖν do good (Lucian, Ep. Sat. 3, 31) Mt 12:12. W. dat. (Zeph 3:20) τοῖς μισοῦσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 5:44 v.l.; Lk 6:27. κ. λέγειν w. acc. speak well of 6:26. S. B-D-F §151, 1. κ. ἔχειν be well, in good health Mk 16:18 (ἔχω 10b). καλῶς λαμβάνειν receive hospitably Hs 9, 11, 8 (λαμβάνω 5).④ pert. to being in accord w. a standard, rightly, correctlyⓐ κ. ποιεῖν do what is right, act rightly, do well (Dio Chrys. 30 [47], 25; Ael. Aristid. 36 p. 685 D.) 1 Cor 7:37f; Js 2:8, 19; Hv 2, 4, 2. W. ptc. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 75 §305; Sb 5216, 7 [I B.C.]; 6265, 8 [I A.D.]; POslo 55, 7; Jos., Ant. 11, 279; B-D-F §414, 5; Rob. 1121) be kind enough to do someth. Ac 10:33; Phil 4:14; do well in doing someth. 2 Pt 1:19; 3J 6; GEg 252, 53; ISm 10:1ⓑ w. verbs of speaking, hearing, understanding κ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι answer rightly, well Mk 12:28. εἰπεῖν (Simplicius in Epict. p. 44, 50; 47, 51; Jos., Ant, 8, 380) Lk 20:39; J 4:17; B 10:11; AcPl Ha 1, 25. λαλεῖν Ac 28:25. λέγειν (TestJob 7:8; Epict. 1, 19, 6) J 8:48; 13:13; cp. 18:23. μανθάνειν, μνημονεύειν Papias (2:3). προφητεύειν prophesy rightly Mt 15:7; Mk 7:6; PEg2 54; cp. κ. ἀκούειν hear correctly (Menand., Fgm. 507 Kö.) Hm 4, 3, 2. κ. ἐπίστασθαί τι know someth. well 1 Cl 53:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 98 §406 εἰδέναι κ.; Procop. Soph., Ep. 18 ἴσθι κ.=you may be quite sure).ⓒ in general μισεῖν B 10:8; καταπαύεσθαι 15:5, 7; ἀξιοῦν Dg 3:2.—As exclamation καλῶς Quite right! That is true! Well said! (Arrian, Cyneg. 18, 1; Ael. Aristid. 33 p. 617 D.; 45 p. 44; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 20, 10; 3 Km 2:18) Mk 12:32; Ro 11:20.⑥ in irony (Soph., Ant. 739; Aelian, VH 1, 16 al.) κ. ἀνέχεσθε you put up with it all right 2 Cor 11:4 (Moffatt; s. PKirberg, Die Toleranz der Korinther 1910; JMachen, The Origin of Paul’s Religion 1921, 131ff). κ. ἀθετεῖν Mk 7:9. But here perh. the καλῶς of vs. 6, which is not ironic, may require a similar interpr., and the sentence should be a question: are you doing the right thing in rejecting God’s commandment?⑦ comp. κάλλιον (for the superl., as Galen, Protr. 8 p. 24, 19 J.=p. 10, 31 Kaibel; s. B-D-F §244, 2) ὡς καὶ σὺ κ. ἐπιγινώσκεις as also you know very well Ac 25:10.—M-M. -
16 ἀπαρνέομαι
ἀπαρνέομαι fut. ἀπαρνήσομαι; 1 aor. ἀπηρνησάμην. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀπαρνηθήσομαι; pf. ἀπήρνημαι ISm 5:2; (W-S. §13, 9; B-D-F §78; 311); variant act. aor. ἀπαρνῆσαι Hs 1:5 (Soph., Hdt. et al.; Is 31:7; JosAs 12:11 cod. A for ἠρνήσαντο; Mel., P. 26, 181; 73, 537) ‘deny’.① to refuse to recognize/acknowledge, deny τινά (Is 31:7) Christ (of Peter’s denial; MGoguel, Did Peter Deny his Lord? HTR 25, ’32, 1–27; ELinnemann, Die Verleugnung des Petrus: ZTK 63, ’66, 21) Mt 26:34f, 75; Mk 14:30f, 72; Lk 22:61. In full ἕως τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι until you have three times denied that you know me vs. 34 (on the v.l. μὴ εἰδέναι cp. Soph., Ant. 442 καταρνῇ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε;). τὸν κύριον Hv 3, 6, 5; cp. 8, 8, 2; ISm 5:2 (Lucian, M. Peregr. 13 p. 337 θεούς). W. acc. of thing (Diod S 20, 63, 4 ἀ. τὴν ἐπιστήμην=deny, refuse to acknowledge his [former] trade [as a potter]—opp. καυχάομαι=be proud of it; SibOr 4, 27f νηοὺς κ. βωμούς) τ. νόμον Hs 1:5. Pass. (Soph., Philoct. 527; Pla., 7th Letter 338e; Herodas 4, 74) ἀπαρνηθήσεται ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀγγέλων the person will be denied (i.e. not recognized) before the angels Lk 12:9 (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 8, 10 ἀπαρνέομαι=reject, wish to know nothing of).② to act in a wholly selfless manner, deny oneself (opp. Mel., P. 26, 181 ‘to avoid being killed’) Mt 16:24; Mk 8:34; Lk 9:23 v.l. AFridrichsen, ‘S. selbst verleugnen’: ConNeot 2, ’36, 1–8; 6, ’42, 94–96. SEÅ 5, ’40, 158–62; JLebreton, La doctrine du renoncement dans le NT: NouvRT 65, ’38, 385–412.—DELG s.v. ἀρνέομαι. M-M. TW. -
17 ὁμολογέω
ὁμολογέω (ὁμόλογος ‘of one mind’) impf. ὡμολόγουν; fut. ὁμολογήσω; 1 aor. ὡμολόγησα. Pass.: aor. 3 sg. ὡμολογήθη (Just.); pf. ὡμολόγηται (Just.) (Soph., Hdt.+)① to commit oneself to do someth. for someone, promise, assure (Hdt., Pla. et al.; IGR IV, 542, 6f [Phryg.] εὐχὴν …, ἣν ὡμολόγησεν ἐν Ῥώμη; Jos., Ant. 6, 40 ‘consent’) ἐπαγγελίας ἧς (by attr. of the rel. for ἥν) ὡμολόγησεν ὁ θεὸς τῷ Ἀβραάμ promise that God had made to Abraham Ac 7:17; μεθʼ ὅρκου ὁμ. w. aor. inf. foll. (B-D-F §350; Rob. 1031f) promise with an oath Mt 14:7. Solemnly promise, vow ὁ … ὁμολογήσας μὴ γῆμαι ἄγαμος διαμενέτω Agr 18.② to share a common view or be of common mind about a matter, agree (Hdt. 2, 81 of similarity in cultic rites; Pla., Sym. 202b ὁμολογεῖταί γε παρὰ πάντων μέγας θεὸς εἶναι=there is general agreement that [Love] is a great god; prob. Cleanthes in his definition of τὸ ἀγαθόν: Coll. Alex. p. 229, no. 3, 7; 4 Macc 13:5 reach a conclusion together; pap; Sext. Emp., Adv. Eth. 218 agreement on a subject; Iren. 1, 26, 2 [Harv. I 212, 5] οἱ … Ἐβιωναῖοι ὁμ. μὲν τον κόσμον ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄντως θεοῦ γεγονέναι; Theoph. Ant. 2, 4 [p. 102, 10]) ὁμολογοῦσιν τὰ ἀμφότερα they agree (with one another) on all of them Ac 23:8 (but s. 3a below). This meaning readily shades into③ to concede that something is factual or true, grant, admit, confess (Just., D. 80, 1 admission of someth. in an argument; sim. 110, 1)ⓐ gener., to admit the truth of someth. (Pla., Prot. 317b ὁμολογῶ σοφιστὴς εἶναι; Jos., Ant. 3, 322 an admission of factuality by enemies; Just., D. 2, 5 ὡμολόγησα μὴ εἰδέναι admission of ignorance) agree, admit καθάπερ καὶ αὐτὸς ὡμολόγησας Dg 2:1. ὁμολογήσαντες ὅτι ξένοι εἰσίν admitting that they were (only) foreigners Hb 11:13. ὁμολογοῦμεν χάριν μὴ εἰληφέναι we admit that we have not received grace IMg 8:1. For Ac 23:8 s. 2 above.ⓑ w. a judicial connotation: make a confession, confess abs. MPol 6:1; 9:2. τί τινι: ὁμολογῶ δὲ τοῦτό σοι, ὅτι Ac 24:14. Foll. by acc. and inf. ὡμολόγησεν ἑαυτὸν Χριστιανὸν εἶναι MPol 12:1 (cp. w. inf. foll.: Just., A II, 13, 2 Χριστιανὸς εὑρεθῆναι … ὁμολογῶ; Theoph. Ant. 2, 8 [p. 118, 7] ὁμ. αὐτὰ τὰ πλάνα πνεύματα εἶναι δαίμονες). Cp. John the Baptist’s action in reply to questioning by the authorities καὶ ὡμολόγησεν καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσατο καὶ ὡμολόγησεν ὅτι (dir. disc. follows) J 1:20 (cp. Plut., Mor. 509e in interrogation; the contrast ὁμ. and ἀρνεῖσθαι as Thu. 6, 60, 3; Phalaris, Ep. 147, 3 ὁμολογοῦμεν κ. οὐκ ἀρνησόμεθα; Aelian, NA 2, 43; Jos., Ant. 6, 151; cp. MPol 9:2 and many of the passages given below).ⓒ w. focus on admission of wrongdoing (X., An. 1, 6, 7; Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 152 ὁμολογοῦντες ἃ ἐπιώρκησαν; Arrian, Anab. 7, 29, 2 [s. ἴασις 2]; Jos., Ant. 6, 151) ἐὰν ὁμολογῶμεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν if we confess our sins 1J 1:9 (cp. Appian, Liby. 79 §369 ὁμολογοῦντες ἁμαρτεῖν; Sir 4:26; ApcSed 13:3 [abs.]; ὁμ. τὸ ἁμάρτημα Did., Gen. 93, 6; ins fr. Sardis: ὁμολογῶ τ[ὸ| ἁμάρτημ]α Μηνί=I confess my sin to Men, s. FSteinleitner, Die Beicht 1913, p. 46 no. 20, 4f=ILydiaKP p. 15, no. 25). S. ἐξομολογέω 2a.④ to acknowledge someth., ordinarily in public, acknowledge, claim, profess, praiseⓐ of a public declaration as such (Herodian. 4, 4, 5 [fr. Steinleitner, p. 109, s. 3c] expression of thanks) ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι (w. dir. disc. foll.) I will say to them plainly Mt 7:23. W. inf. foll. (X., Mem. 2, 3, 9; Jos., Ant. 9, 254) θεὸν ὁμολογοῦσιν εἰδέναι they claim to know God Tit 1:16 (opp. ἀρνεῖσθαι, s. 3b).ⓑ of profession of allegiance (ὁμολογῶ εἶναι χριστιανός Theoph. Ant. 1, 1 [p. 58, 11])—Esp. of confessing Christ, or the teaching of his community/church; w. double acc. (B-D-F §157, 2; 416, 3; Rob. 480.—Jos., Ant. 5, 52; Just., A II, 5, 1 εἰ θεὸν ὡμολογοῦμεν βοηθόν, D. 35, 2 Ἰησοῦν ὁμολογεῖν καὶ κύριον καὶ χριστόν) ἐὰν ὁμολογήσῃς κύριον Ἰησοῦν if you confess Jesus as Lord Ro 10:9 (cp. τὸν Δία ὁμ. θεόν Orig., C. Cels. 5, 46, 7). αὐτὸν ὁμ. Χριστόν confess that he is the Messiah J 9:22. ὁμ. αὐτὸν σαρκοφόρον ISm 5:2. ὁμ. Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα acknowledge that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh 1J 4:2; cp. 2J 7. W. acc. and inf. (Isocr., Or. 4, 100, 61d; Aelian, VH 1, 27; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 41, 9) ὁμ. Ἰησοῦν Χρ. ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθέναι Pol 7:1a; 1J 4:2 v.l. ὁμ. τὴν εὐχαριστίαν σάρκα εἶναι τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. ISm 7:1. W. ὅτι foll. (Isocr., Or. 11, 5, 222d, but w. mng. 2; Just., D. 39, 6) ὁμ. ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ 1J 4:15. ὁμ. ὅτι κύριον ἔχετε Hs 9, 28, 7 (opp. ἀρν.). W. a single acc. of the pers. whom one confesses, or whom one declares to be someth. that is revealed by the context (Just., D. 35, 1, 2 Ἰησοῦν … ὁμολογεῖν; Did., Gen. 176, 13 ὁ γὰρ ὁμολογῶν τὸν θεὸν ἐν Χριστῷ τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Theoph. Ant. 3, 9 [p. 222, 13] θεὸν ὁμ.): ὁμ. τὸν υἱόν 1J 2:23 (opp. ἀρν. as Mel., P. 73, 537 ἀπαρνήσω τὸν ὁμολογήσαντά σε). μὴ ὁμ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν 4:3 (s. λύω 4, end). Cp. 2 Cl 3:2a. τινὰ ἔν τινι someone by someth. ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις 4:3; cp. 3:4. ἐὰν ὁμολογήσωμεν διʼ οὗ ἐσώθημεν if we confess him through whom we were saved 3:3. The acc. (αὐτόν) is supplied fr. the context J 12:42; cp. Hs 9, 28, 4.—W. acc. of thing ὁμ. τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ σταυροῦ Pol 7:1b. ὁμ. τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν 1 Ti 6:12 (ὁμ. ὁμολογίαν=‘make a promise’: Pla., Crito 52a; Jer 51:25; but = ‘bear testimony to a conviction’: Philo, Mut. Nom. 57, Abr. 203).—Instead of acc. of pers. we may have ἔν τινι confess someone, an Aramaism (s. Mlt-H. 463f; B-D-F §220, 2; EbNestle, ZNW 7,1906, 279f; 8, 1907, 241; 9, 1908, 253; FBurkitt, Earliest Sources for the Life of Jesus 1910, 19f). ὅστις ὁμολογήσει ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων whoever confesses me before people Mt 10:32a; sim. Lk 12:8a. But 2 Cl 3:2 uses the acc. when it quotes this saying (s. above.—In these last three pass. opp. ἀρν.). Jesus’ acknowledgment of the believer on judgment day complements this confession: ἐν αὐτῷ Mt 10:32b; Lk 12:8b. αὐτόν 2 Cl 3:2b (opp. ἀρν. in all these pass.—GBornkamm, D. Wort Jesu vom Bekennen [Mt 10:32]: Pastoraltheologie 34, ’39, 108–18). τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Rv 3:5.—Abs. pass. στόματι ὁμολογεῖται with the mouth confession is made Ro 10:10.ⓒ praise w. dat. ( Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 147; B-D-F §187, 4; Rob. 541. In the LXX ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τῷ θεῷ. S. ἐξομολογέω 4.) καρπὸς χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ the fruit of lips that praise his name Hb 13:15.—B. 1267. DELG s.v. ὁμό. M-M. TW. Sv. -
18 KUNNA
* * *(kann, kunna, kunnat), v.1) to know, understand (þú kannt margt þat er eigi kunnu aðrir menn);2) to know (by memory);ljóð ek þau kann, er kannat þjóðans kona, I know songs, such as no king’s daughter knows;3) to know a person;unni honum hverr maðr, er hann (acc.) kunni, every man that knew him loved him;4) spec. phrases;kunna hóf at um e-t, kunna hóf sitt, to know the proper mean, to behave with moderation;uxarnir kunnu þó heim, the oxen found their way home;kunna enga mannraun to have no experience of men;kunna e-m þökk, aufusu, to be thankful, obliged to one;5) kunna sik, to know oneself (sá er svinnr, er sik kann); to behave well (G. kveðst mundu meiða hann, ef hann kynni sik eigi);6) kunna sér e-t, to understand, have clear knowledge of (something as concerning oneself or touching one’s own interest);kunna sér margt, to be skilled in many things;kunna fyrir sér = kunna sér; also ellipt. know how to conduct oneself;7) with dat. to know;ek kan skapi Gunnhildar, I know Gunhild’s temper;8) kunna e-n e-s or um e-t, to blame a person for a thing (eigi hugða ek, at hann mætti mik þessa kunna);eigi er hann um þat at kunna, he is not to be blamed for it;Eyjúlfr lézt því nafni mundu vel kunna, E. said he should be well pleased with that name;10) to be able, with infin.;þú skalt eigi kunna frá tíðindum at segja, thou shalt not escape to tell the tale;11) to chance, happen;hvar sem þik kann at at bera, wheresoever thou may happen to arrive.* * *pres. (in pret. form) kann, kannt (kanntú), kann; pl. kunnum, kunnut, kunnu (mod. kunnum, kunnit, kunna); pret. kunni; subj. kynni; imperat. kunn; part. neut. kunnat; the pres. infin. kunnu for kunna is obsolete, whereas a pret. infin. kunnu, potuisse, occurs, Ísldr. 9: with neg. suff. kann-at, Hm. 147; kann-k-a ek, I know not, Skálda (Thorodd) 167, Hallfred; see Gramm. p. xxiii: [Ulf. kunnan = γιγνώσκειν, εἰδέναι; A. S. and Hel. cunnan; O. H. G. kunnan; in these old languages, the two senses of knowing how to do and being able to do are expressed by the same form, and this remains in Dan. kunde, Swed. kunna: in others, a distinction is made: Old Engl. and Scot. ken, know and can; Germ. kennen and können.]A. To know, understand, of art, skill, knowledge, with acc.; hann þóttisk rísta henni manrúnar, en hann kunni þat eigi, Eg. 587; hann kunni margar tungur, Fms. xi. 326; þú kannt mart þat er eigi kunnu aðrir menn, v. 236; k. seið, Vsp. 25; Hann ræddi, ef hann kynni nafn Guðs it hæsta—Kann ek nökkurt nafn Guðs,—Þykkja mér slíkt eigi prestar er eigi kunna it hæsta nafn Guds—Kanntú nafnit?—Ek veit þann mann er kunna mun, … Nefn þú þá ef þú kannt! … Guð veit at ek vilda gjarna kunna, Bs. i. 421; engi skal sá vera hér með oss er eigi kunni nökkurs-konar list eðr kunnandi, Edda 31; ekki kann ek í skáldskap, Fms. vii. 60; kannt þú nakkvat í lögum?—Kunna þótta ek norðr þar, Nj. 33; at þetta væri at vísu lög þótt fáir kynni, 237; ek kann lítt til laga, 31: of sports, kunna á skíðum, Fms. i. 9; k. við skíð ok boga, Ó. H. 71; k. við buklara, Sturl. ii. 44; kunna á bók, to know by book, know how to read, Mar.2. to know by memory; kunna menn enn kvæði þeirra, Hkr. (pref.); hví kveðr þú flokka eina, kanntú ok engar drápur?—Eigi kann ek drápurnar færi en flokkana, Fms. vi. 391; ljóð ek þau kann, er kannat þjóðans son, Hm. 147 sqq.; þat kann ek it áttjánda, er ek æva kennig, 164; en Konr ungr kunni rúnar, Rm. 40, 42; kunna betr, id., Vkv. 26; kunna utan-bókar, to know without book, know by heart; hón kunni þær allar (Spurningar) vel, nema Sjötta kapitulann, … Sigríðr kunni allar Úlfars-rímur, Piltr og Stúlka 23.3. to know a person, a face; synir Heli vóru úsiðugir ok kunnu eigi Guð Dróttinn, Stj. 429; ek kann þann mann, 460; ok unni honum hverr maðr er hann (acc.) kunni, every man that knew him loved him, Hkr. i. 121; kann kvaðsk eigi k. þá ok eigi hirða hverir vóru, Barl. 36; þik kann ek fullgerva, I know thee well enough, Ls. 30; góða menn þá er ek görva kunna, Hbl. 7; kunna ek báða Brodd ok Hörvi, Hdl. 24; hverr er kunni (mik), Helr. 7; hvars menn eðli okkart k., 3: to know, of the character, hann kvað þá k. sik úgörla, er þeir veittu honum átölur, því at ek hefi dregit yðr undan dauða, segir hann, Ld. 282; ek kann hvárn-tveggja ykkarn konungs, Fms. vi. 100.4. spec. phrases; kunna góða stilling á e-u, hversu góða stilling hann kunni á herstjórninni, how skilful he was in military things, Fms. i. 98; k. hóf at um e-t, to know one’s measure in respect of a thing, to behave with moderation, Finnb. 356; Þorvaldr kvað hana ekki hóf at kunna, Ld. 134; allt kann sá er hófit kann, Gísl. 27; ef Griss kynni hóf sitt, Sd. 139; Klaufi, Klaufi, kunn þú hóf þitt? id.; kunna sér margt, to be skilled in many things; hón var væn kona, ok kunni sér allt vel, Dropl. 7, 35; hann kunni enga leið, he knew no road, Eg. 149; þeir munu eigi k. leiðina, Fs. 105: absol., uxarnir kunnu þó heim, found their way home, Dropl. 8; k. skyn e-s, to know all about …; hann kunni allra skyn í borginni, Fms. vi. 410; Ása ok Álfa ek kann allra skil, Hm. 160; k. önga mannraun, to have no experience of men, Fms. vi. 53; ek kann skap þitt at því, at …, Sturl. i. 30.II. metaph. usages; kunna e-m þökk, to be thankful, obliged to one, Fms. xi. 29, 32; at hann kynni þess mikla þökk ok aufusu, Eg. 521; veizla er yðr búin, kann ek yðr mikla þökk at þér þiggit, Fms. vi. 277; k. e-m úþökk fyrir e-t, v. 14; k. sér þörf til e-s, to feel the want of a thing; ef bóndi kann þess þörf, if he knows the need of it, Grág. i. 152; at hann leggi fram vöruna svá sem þú kannt þér þörf til, Ld. 70.2. kunna sik, to know oneself; sá er svinnr er sik kann, he is a wise man who knows himself, a saying, Hrafn. 10: to behave, Grímr kveðsk mundu meiða hann ef hann kynni sik eigi, Eg. 189; ok vita ef þeir kunni sik þá görr meir, Stj. 264; k. sik ílla, to be naughty, Bjarn.3. kunna sér, kunna munda ek mér þat ( I should know how to do that) ef ek hefða víg vegit, Gísl. 143; gá þess, ok kunn þér (take heed, learn!) at varask annars vígkæni, Sks. 383; er Þorólfr svá viti borinn, at hann mundi k. sér ( have sense enough) at vera eigi fyrir liði yðru, Eg. 134; kunni hann sér þann hagnað at girnask ekki Svía-konungs veldi, Ó. H. 57; en kunnit yðr engi forráð eðr fyrirhyggju þegar er ér komit í nokkurn vanda, 67.III. denoting feeling, to feel angry or pleased; kunna e-n e-s, to be angry with a person for a thing; þá bað Þórir konung, at hann skyldi eigi fyrirkunna hann þess at hann hafði Egil með sér um vetrinn, Eg. ch. 48; eigi vil ek fyrirkunna þik þessa orða, þvíat þú veizt eigi hvat varask skal, Ó. H. 57; eigi hugða ek at hann mætti mik þessa k., þvíat eigi drap ek son hans, Hrafn. 16; kveðr þeir eigi sik einskis at k., Ísl. ii. 314; kunnit mik eigi þess er ek mun mæla, Fbr. 116; spurði hvers hón kynni arfa-sátuna, Nj. 194, v. l.2. with prep.; kunna e-n um e-t, id.; eigi er hann um þat at kunna, Fs. 38; eigi munu þér kunna mik um þetta, Fms. i. 175; ekki áttú hann um þat at kunna, vi. 223; ef hertogi vill þik nokkut um þetta kunna, xi. 323; hón kunni hana mjök um áleitni þá, er …, Bs. i. 340.IV. with dat. to know; þeir er menn kunnu eigi hér máli eða tungu við, Grág. i. 224; ef lögsögumaðr kann þar eigi mönnum fyrir í þá sveit, i. 10 B; kunni hann náliga manns máli, Fas. ii. 443; hann kann eigi lítilmensku várri, Bjarn. 54; kann þjóð kerski minni, Ó. H. (in a verse); ek kann skapi Gunnhildar, I know Gunhilda’s temper, Nj. 5; kann ek glensyrðum yðrum Gautanna, Fas. iii. 80; ek kann ráðum Gunnhildar en kappi Egils, Eg. 257; ek kann skapi Hrafnkels, at hann mun ekki göra oss, ef hann náir þér eigi, Hrafn. 27: eigi kanntú góðgirnd (dat.) föður várs, ef hann hefir honum eigi undan skotið, Fs. 38.2. to be pleased with a thing or not; munda ek kunna því, at vér hefðim manna-lát mikit, ef …, Eg. 585; Eyjúlfr lézk því nafni mundu vel kunna, E. said be should be well pleased with that name, Glúm. 328; verðr hváru-tveggju at kunna, one must take one or other of the two, Ó. H. 52; vit munum því ílla k. ef þú veitir okkr eigi þat er vit beiðum, Eb. 114; hann kunni því stórílla ok hljóp í brott, Hkr. i. 36; munu synir Njáls ílla k. víginu, Nj. 64; Njáll kunni ílla láti Gunnars, 117; Ingi konungr kunni þessu svá ílla at hann grét sem barn, Fms. vii. 273; andaðisk hann, Guðríðr kona hans kunni því lítt, Fb. i. 543; til þess at hón kunni því betr andláti mínu, id.; ílla munu þeir k. höggum er heiman hafa hlaupit frá kirnu-askinum, Fms. viii. 350.3. with prep.; kann ek ekki við því at yðr þykki sumt ofjarl en sumt ekki at manni, I do not care for what you call …, Fms. vi. 53; kannka ek mart við veifanar-orði manna, I take no notice of idle rumours, Hallfred; hence the mod. phrase, kunna við e-ð, to be pleased with; eg kann ekki við það, I do not like it; kunna vel, ílla við sik, to feel happy, unhappy in a place or condition; eg kann vel við mig þar, I like the place.B. To be able, Lat. posse, (in Engl., can, pret. could, has ceased to be used except in the finite moods), with infin.; the senses often run one into the other, but the use of the infinitive shews that the sense can is at least partly implied; þá mælti konungr, ertu skáldit?—Hann sagði, kann ek yrkja, I know I can make verses, Hkr. i. 288; hann kunni görr veðr at sjá en aðrir inenn, Eb. 150; þá hluti er þeir kunna honum til at segja, 112; freista hvat hann kynni segja honum, Hkr. i. 228: hón sagði hann eigi k. at þiggja sóma sinn, Fs. 131; hugsit um hvar þann mann kann fá, where that man can be had, Stj. 460; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; hvárt kanntú mér höll smíða? 656 B. 8; þeir er mildlega kunnu stýra Guðs hjörð, Hom. 37; kanntú nökkut yrkja? Fms. vi. 361; kunna eigi at mæla, he could not speak, Ld. 30; mikil tíðendi kannþú (= kannt þú) at segja af himnum, Edda 12; þú skalt eigi kunna frá tíðindum at segja, thou shalt not be able to tell the tidings, shall not escape with life, Nj. 8; um þá hluti er ek kann görr at sjá en þér, Ld. 186; ekki kann biskup görr at sjá mann á velli en ek, Fms. ii. 173.II. to chance, happen; ef Björn faðir þeirra kann fyrr andask, if B. should happen to die first, Dipl. v. 3; hvar sem þik kann at bera, wheresoever thou may happen to arrive, Fms. iv. 176; ef nokkut kann þat til at bera á þinni æfi, Gísl. 25; ef hann kann lengr at dveljask í brottu, D. N. v. 43; ok hón kann af þessum heimi brott at fara, iii. 137.C. Recipr. to know one another; þeir kunnusk, Mork. 106.2. part. kunnandi, cunning, knowing, learned, with gen.; veit ek at þú ert margs kunnandi, 655 xix. 3; hón var margs kunnandi, Fs. 73; Gyða var marg-kunnandi á fyrnsku ok fróðleik, 131. -
19 αἴνιγμα
A dark saying, riddle, Pi.Fr. 177, A.Pr. 610, etc., cf. LXX De.28.37 : freq. in pl., ἐξ αἰνιγμάτων in riddles, darkly, A.Ag. 1112, 1183;δι' αἰνιγμάτων Aeschin.3.121
(v.l.), etc. ;ἐν αἰνίγματι 1 Ep.Cor.13.12
; αἴ. προβάλλειν, ξυντιθέναι, πλέκειν to make a riddle, Pl.Chrm. 162b, Ap. 27a, Plu.2.988a; opp. διειπεῖν, εἰδέναι, S.OT 393, 1525;μαθεῖν E.Ph.48
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἴνιγμα
-
20 αὐτόθεν
αὐτόθεν, before a conson. sts. [full] αὐτόθε, Theoc.5.60, Supp.Epigr.2.293 (Delph., iii/ii B. C.): Adv.I of Place, = ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ τόπου, from the very spot: freq. with a Prep., αὐ. ἐξ ἕδρης straight from his seat, without rising, Il.19.77;αὐ. ἐξ ἑδρέων Od.13.56
, cf. 21.420;ἐκ τοῦ Ἄργους αὐ. Th.5.83
;Ἄργεος ἐξ ἱεροῖο αὐ. Theoc.25.171
: rare in Trag.,σὺ δ' αὐ. μοι χαῖρε
from where you stand, not coming nearer,S.
OC 1137; τῶν μὲν αὐ. τῶν δὲ ἀπὸ Στρυμόνος some from the country itself, others.., Hdt.1.64; αὐ. παρασκευῇ ἐπιέναι with a force raised on the spot, Th.6.21; αὐ. πολεμοῦντα βιοτεύειν live on the country, Id.1.11;ὅπως αὐ. αὐτῷ τὰ σώματα καὶ τὴν γνώμην παρασκευάζοιντο X.Ages.1.28
;οἱ αὐ.
the natives,Th.
2.25, 6.21, cf. 4.129; χρυσὸς αὐ. in its native state,Plb.
34.10.12;ἐνθένδ' αὐ. Ar.Ach. 116
;ὕδωρ αὐ. ποθὲν συλλειβόμενον Luc.Alex.13
.II of Time, as we say on the spot, i.e. at once, immediately, Il.20.120, A.Supp. 102, Hdt.8.64, Th.1.141;δῆλός ἐστιν αὐ. Ar.Eq. 330
, cf.Ec. 246, Pl.Grg. 470e;λέγετε αὐ. Id.Smp. 213a
.2 obuiously, αὐ. ἐκφανής self-evident, Cleom.1.8;αὐ. γνώριμος Muson. Fr.1p.2H.
;αὐ. πρόδηλον S.E.P.2.164
;αὐ. φαίνεσθαι Plu.2.930a
;αὐ. ἐναργής Plot.5.5.1
.3 hastily, Plb.5.35.13, al., D.S.1.37.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αὐτόθεν
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