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121 βῡνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `stuff full of' (Hdt.)Other forms: also βύνω (Hdt.), βύζω (Aret., H.), βύω, aor. βῦσαι, fut. βύσω; βέβυσμαι (Od.), ἐβύσθην, ( παρά)βυστος,Derivatives: βύσμα `plug' (Hp.), βύστρα `id.' (Antiph.); adv. βύζην (\< *βύσ-δην, s. below) `closely' (Hp.), with βυζόν πυκνόν, συνετόν, γαῦρον δε καὶ μέγα H. - Also βυλλά βεβυσμένα H., with denomin. βεβυλλῶσθαι βεβύσθαι H. - Fur. 213 n. 54 suggests that βουνός στιβάς (`mattress'), Κύπριοι H. is derived from βυνέω.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like κυνέω, βυνέω could continue a nasal present *βυ-νέ-σ-ω, with βῡν- from zero grade βυν-σ-? (3. Pl. *βύνσοντι, from there διαβύνεται Hdt. 2, 96?, s. Schwyzer 692); the verb would then be of high antiquity. Possible also *βυσ-νέω with seondary - έω. - One compares Alb. m-bush `fill', further Celtic and Germanic words for `pouch', e.g. MIr. búas (\< * bousto-), ON posi, OE posa, OHG pfoso, PGm. *pŭsan- (\< *bŭson-); further e.g. OSw. pusin `swollen'; but Alb. m-bush and MIr. búas may also have PIE * bh-. One then refers to b(h)u, p(h)u in Pok. 98ff., but this material needs screening; also such forms may be re-created at any time. Cf. βυβός, βουβών, βύτανα.Page in Frisk: 1,276-277Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βῡνω
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122 βύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `stuff full of' (Hdt.)Other forms: also βύνω (Hdt.), βύζω (Aret., H.), βύω, aor. βῦσαι, fut. βύσω; βέβυσμαι (Od.), ἐβύσθην, ( παρά)βυστος,Derivatives: βύσμα `plug' (Hp.), βύστρα `id.' (Antiph.); adv. βύζην (\< *βύσ-δην, s. below) `closely' (Hp.), with βυζόν πυκνόν, συνετόν, γαῦρον δε καὶ μέγα H. - Also βυλλά βεβυσμένα H., with denomin. βεβυλλῶσθαι βεβύσθαι H. - Fur. 213 n. 54 suggests that βουνός στιβάς (`mattress'), Κύπριοι H. is derived from βυνέω.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Like κυνέω, βυνέω could continue a nasal present *βυ-νέ-σ-ω, with βῡν- from zero grade βυν-σ-? (3. Pl. *βύνσοντι, from there διαβύνεται Hdt. 2, 96?, s. Schwyzer 692); the verb would then be of high antiquity. Possible also *βυσ-νέω with seondary - έω. - One compares Alb. m-bush `fill', further Celtic and Germanic words for `pouch', e.g. MIr. búas (\< * bousto-), ON posi, OE posa, OHG pfoso, PGm. *pŭsan- (\< *bŭson-); further e.g. OSw. pusin `swollen'; but Alb. m-bush and MIr. búas may also have PIE * bh-. One then refers to b(h)u, p(h)u in Pok. 98ff., but this material needs screening; also such forms may be re-created at any time. Cf. βυβός, βουβών, βύτανα.Page in Frisk: 1,276-277Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βύω
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123 γαμφηλαί
Grammatical information: f. pl.Meaning: `jaws of animals' (Il.).Other forms: γναμφαί γνάθοι H.Derivatives: Backformation γαμφαί (Lyc.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Cf. τράχηλος etc. Generally connected with γόμφος<< (s.v.), γομφίος, but the α-vocalism is problematic: neither a popular word nor zero grade *γαφ- with restored nasal; nor influence from γαμψός or γναμπτήρ (CEG 1) seems sufficient explanation. The suffix - ηλ- occurs in Pre-Greek (Beekes, Pre-Greek), so the word may be Pre-Greek. - Pedersen (s. WP. 1, 534) pointed to Russ. gubá `lip' etc..Page in Frisk: 1,288Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαμφηλαί
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124 γίγνομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be born, become, arise' (Il.).Other forms: Ion. etc. γί̄νομαι (with assimilation and lengthening, Schwyzer 215), Thess. Boeot. γίνυμαι (innovation, Schwyzer 698), Cret. γίννομαι, aor. γενέσθαι, perf. γέγονα, γέγαμεν, γεγαώς, Med. (new) γεγένημαι, fut. γενήσομαι; recent Att. etc. γενηθῆναι and γενηθήσομαι; transitive s-aorist γείνασθαι (ep. etc., \< *γεν-σ-; s. Schwyzer 756 and Wackernagel Unt. 175), alo γεινόμεθα, - μενος (either for γί(γ)νομαι, Schwyzer 715, or for γεν- with metrical lengthening); athemat. root aorist ἔγεντο (Hes.; analog. innovation, s. Schwyzer 678f. m. Lit.)Compounds: - γνη-τος, e.g. κασί-γνη-τος `brother' (q.v.) and - γν-ος in νεο-γν-ός `newborn' (h. Hom.), with ιο- in ὁμό-γν-ιος `of the same origin'Derivatives: γένος ( γενικός, - γενής) and γόνος, γονή ( γονεύς `parent'). γενεά, Ion. -ή `lineage' (Il.; s. Chantr. Form. 91). γενέ-θλη (Il.) and γένε-θλον (A.) `id.' with γενέθλιος and γενεθλιακός, γενεθλίδιος, γενεθλίωμα, γενεθλιάζω. γενε-τή `birth' (Hom.); hypocor. Γενετυλλίς name of Aphrodite as protectress of birth (Ar.;). γένε-σις `birth, origin' (Il.). γέν-να(s. v.). - γενέ-τωρ (Ion. Dor.) and γενε-τήρ (Arist.) `begetter'; on the diff. s. Benveniste Noms d'agent 46; fem. γενέτειρα (Pi.) ; γενέ-της (Ion.); with γενέσια n. pl. `Parentalia' (Hdt.). - γνήσιος `of real birth' (Il.) from γνητός. ἴγνητες s.vv. ( γνωτός, - τή to γιγνώσκω).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [373] *ǵenh₁-, ǵonh₁-, ǵnh₁- `beget'Etymology: Old verb: redupl. pres. γίγνομαι = Lat. act. gignō `beget'; thematic aorist ἐγένετο = Skt. them. impf. ájanata (pres. jánate, -ti = lat. genit); perf. γέγονα = Skt. jajā́na. Nouns γένος (Skt. jánas-, Lat. genus) and γόνος (Skt. jána-); γενέτωρ, γενετήρ (IE *ǵenh₁-) = Lat. genitor, Skt. jánitar- and janitár-, γενέτειρα = Skt. jánitrī, Lat. genitrī-x; γένεσις but with zero grade Skt. jātí- `birth, family', Lat. nāti-ō, OE ( ge)cynd ; - γνητος (*ǵnh₁-tos); - γν-ος in compounds (with loss of the laryngeal) = e. g. Lat. prīvi-gn-us `born separately' = `stepchild', νεο-γν-ός: Goth. niu-kla-hs `as a child' (\< *- kna- \< IE. *-ǵnh₁-o- dissimilated), also in NPhr. ουεγνω (*sue-ǵnh₁-o-); - γν-ιος in ὁμόγν-ιος = Gaul. Abe-gnia. - Many forms from different languages, s. Pok. 373ff.Page in Frisk: 1,307-308Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γίγνομαι
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125 γόνυ
Grammatical information: n.Other forms: Gen. (*γόνϜ-ατος \>) γόνατος, ep. Ion. γούνατος, ep. also γουνός (\< *γονϜ-ός), pl. γόνατα, γούνατα, ep. also γοῦναDerivatives: γονατώδης `with joints' (Thphr.); denom. γουνάζομαι `clasp the knees' (as suppliant) (Il.) with γούνασμα (Lyc.), γουνασμός (Eust.), also γουνόομαι `id.'; γονατόομαι `get joints' (Thphr.), γονατίζω `bend the knee' (Cratin.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [380] ǵenu, ǵonu `knee'Etymology: Old word for `knee'. Skt. jā́nu, Av. zānu-drājah-, MPers. zānūk (PIE. *o, long through Brugmann's law); Hitt. genu, Lat. genū, Toch. A kanw-eṃ, B kenīne `(both) knees' (du.), Arm. cun-r, pl. cun-g-k`; note the zero grade in Av. žnu-byas-čit_ (dat. pl.; cf. γνύ-ξ); from *ǵneu- (from the gen. *ǵneu-s), e.g. Goth. kniu (PGm. *kneu̯-a-, PIE. *ǵneu̯-o-. - On Hom. θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται Schwyzer Άντίδωρον 283ff. - Cf. ἰγνύη. On γνύξ (with πρόχνυ) and γωνία s.vv.Page in Frisk: 1,321Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γόνυ
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126 γράφω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `scratch, write' (Il. [Aor.]).Other forms: Aor. γράψαιDialectal forms: γρόφω (Melos)Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀνα-, ἐπι-, συν- etc. Many compounds with - γράφος as 2nd member; the paroxyt. are `passive', ἄγραφος `not written'.Derivatives: γραπτύες f. pl. `scratching' (ω 229); γραφή `id.' also `prosecution' (Ion.-Att.; γροφά Epid.), γραφικός; γράφεα n. pl. = γράμματα (Arcad., El.); γράφημα = γράμμα (AB); γραμμή `line' (Pi.), γραμμικός `linear, geometric' (Gal.), γραμμιαῖος `id.' (Dam.), γραμμώδης (Thphr.); γραμμιστήρ a chirurg. instrument (medic., cf. βραχιον-ιστήρ) and γραμμιστός (Eust.; γραμμίζω uncertain in Eust. 633, 63). γράμμα, pl. - ατα `line, writing, letter' (Ion.-Att.); also γράσσμα (Arc.; \< *γράφ-σμα), γράθματα (Arg.) and γρόππατα (Aeol., Balbilla); s Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 and 523f., and Fraenkel Philol. 97, 163f. - On διάγραμμα Bikerman Rev. de phil. 64, 295ff. - From γράμμα γραμμάτιον (Luc.), γραμμάριον `weight of 2 oboles' (Aët.; γραμματεύς `writer, secretary' (Att.) with γραμματεύω and γραμματεῖον `writing table etc.', γραμματ(ε)ίδιον; γραμματεία `secretariate' (pap., Plu.); - γραμματικός, γραμματικεύομαι (AP); f. γραμματική ( τέχνη) `grammar etc.'; γραμματιστής `secretary, teacher' (Ion.-Att.), (Herod., Messen. Boeot.) ; γραμματιστική `elementary education' (Phld.). - γραμμός `writing' (Hdn.). - γραφεύς, Dor. Arc. also γροφεύς `painter, writer' (Emp.), γραφεῖον `writing instrument' (Arist.). γραπτήρ `writer' (AP), γραπτεύς (Sch.). γραφίς `slate-pencil' (Pl.; γροφίς Epid.); γραφίσκος medic. instrument (Cels.). ἐπιγράβδην `scraping the surface' (Il.) shows the orifinal meaning. - Desid. γραψείω (Gloss.).Etymology: All forms have only the form γραφ-. The mainly Dorian form γροφ- ( γροφά, - ίς, - εύς, - εύω, σύγγροφος etc., is probably not an old o-vocalism, but a Greek variant of ρα from a zero grade (DELG). - Outside Greek there is a PIE. * gerbh-, in OE ceorfan `cut, carve', MHG kerben; further in Slavic, e. g. OCS žrěbьjь (* gerbʰ-) `(al)lot(ment' (prop. *`carved stick'?). A problem is γριφᾶσθαι, q.v.Page in Frisk: 1,325-326Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γράφω
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127 δαῆναι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `learn' (Il.),Other forms: ep. also δαήμεναι intr. aor., fut. δαήσομαι, perf. δεδάηκα, δεδαώς (Od.), δεδάημαι (h. Merc.), redupl. aor. in caus. δέδαε (Od.), 3. pl. δέδαον H., inf. δεδάασθαι (for δεδαέσθαι?) (π 316), second. δάε, ἔδαε (A. R.), δα[ι]ῆσαι διδάξαι H.; pres. διδάσκω, s. v.Derivatives: δαήμων `knowing' (Il.) with δαημοσύνη (A. R.); privative ἀδαἡς (s. v.); δάησις (EM); Δάειρα, s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [201] *dens- `learn'Etymology: δα- from IE. *dn̥s-, to δήνεα. So δαῆναι contains the zero grade of IE. * dens-, seen in Av. dīdaiŋhē and in nominal forms, e. g. Skt. dasrá- `effecting miracles'. Aor. δέ-δα-ε from *de-dn̥s-e-t. - Cf. δήνεα, διδάσκω, δαΐφρων.Page in Frisk: 1,338Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δαῆναι
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128 δάμνημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `tame, subdue, conquer', esp. of horses.Other forms: 3. sg. also δαμνᾳ̃ (for Aeol. δάμνᾱ, Schwyzer 694), aor. δαμάσ(σ)αι, intr. δαμῆναι, perf. δέδμημαι (Il.); to δαμάσ(σ)αι new present δαμάζω (A.), fut. δαμάσσω, 3. sg. δαμᾳ̃ (Il.), aor. Pass. δαμα-σ-θῆναι (Il.), also (after δέδμημαι) δμηθῆναι (Il.)Compounds: ὑπο-. as first member in δάμν-ιππος (Orph.)Derivatives: δμητήρ ( ἵππων) `tamer' (h. Hom., Alkm.), f. δμήτειρα (Il.), δμῆσις ( ἵππων) `taming' (Il.); ἀ-δμής, - τος f. m. `untamed, unmarried' (Od.), also ἄ-δμη-τος `id.' (Il.) and ἀ-δάμα-σ-τος (Il.), ἀ-δάμα-τος (trag.), δμᾱτέα (Dor.). δαμαστέα H.; on ἀδάμας s. s. v. - Isolated δαμα- and δαμν-: Δαμαῖος `tamer' of Poseidon (Pi.), δαμάτειρα (AP), παν-δαμάτωρ `alltamer' (Il.), late f. πανδαμάτειρα; δάμασις and δαμαστικός (sch.), δαμάστης ([Epich.] 301 [?], gloss.); δαμνῆτις δαμάζουσα, τιμωρός; δάμνος ἵππος. Τυρρηνοί H. - δαμασώνιον and δαμναμένη plant names (Dsc., Ps.-Dsc.; for love, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 92). - On δαμάλης s. s. v. Not here δμώς, s. v.Etymology: The present δάμνημι, Aeol. δάμνᾱμι agrees with OIr. damnaim `bind, tame (horses)' from *dm̥-n-eh₂-mi, from a disyllabic root * demh₂- seen in δαμά-σαι, where *δεμα- was reshaped to δαμα-, partly after - δαμο- \< * dmh₂-o ; zero grade *dm̥h₂- in δμη-θῆναι (Dor. δμᾱ-). Many representatives (note Hitt. damaš-zi `he forces, urges'). Note παν-δαμάτωρ = Lat. domitor, Skt. damitár-; they may be independent parallel formations. As second member in compounds ἱππό-]δαμος (Il.) = Skt. ariṃ-] dama- `conquering the enemy' (from * domh₂-o-?); ( ἄ-)δμητος: Skt. dāntá- from *dm̥h₂-to- (independent Lat. domitus). - The old presents Lat. domāre = Skt. damāyáti and OHG zamōn, Goth. ga-tamjan, NHG zähmen = Skt. damáyati are not found in Greek. - Not to the old word for `house' (s. δόμος and δεσπότης).Page in Frisk: 1,346Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάμνημι
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