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21 деревянный
1. ligneous2. wood3. wooden -
22 комбинированная рудничная стойка из стали и дерева
Mining: Kirkby prop, steel-wood propУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > комбинированная рудничная стойка из стали и дерева
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23 Holzstempel
Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Holzstempel
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24 рудничная стойка
2) Mining: bald timber3) Forestry: lodge pole, mine timber, mine wood, mining timber, pit wood, pit-prop, post4) Wood processing: pit props (бревно, используемое для крепления горных выработок) -
25 ῥέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to decline, to descend', esp. of the balance (scales), `to sway down, to turn out, to gain the upper hand', w. prefix also trans. `to lower, to let tilt' (Il.).Derivatives: 1. ῥοπή f. `lowering, tilting (of the scales), swing' (Alc., IA.), to which a.o. ἀντί-ρροπος `equipoising, counterweighing', also connected with ῥέπω (Att.), with ἀντιρροπ-ίη (v. l. -ή) f. `counterweight' (Hp.). 2. περί-ρρεψις f. `tilting' (Hp.). 3. ῥόπαλον n. `bludgeon, mace' (Il.) [but Chantraine, Form. 246 calls connection with ῥέπω doubtful; I think that the word is rather Pre-Greek]with ῥοπάλ-ιον n. (hell. inscr. a. pap.), - ωτός `equipped with a club-like rounding' (D. C.), - ώδης `(pulsing) like a club', of the pulse, - ωσις f. des. of a hairdisease (medic.), - ικός `club-like', as des. of a verse (gramm.), - ίζει στρέφει, κινεῖ ὡς ῥόπαλον H. with - ισμοί pl. (Ar. Lys.); on the meaning of ῥόπαλον cf. below. 4. ῥόπτρον n. `the wood in a trap, knocker, ring at the door, tamboutine' (Archil., Att.); with dissim. ῥόπτον meaning unclear (Epid. IVa), - τίον κλειδίον H. 5. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα-ρρεπής `tilting etc.' (IA.), ἑτερο-ρρεπής prop. "tilting to (one or) the other side", `indecisive, unbiased' (A. in lyr., Hp.). 6. ῥεπτικός `tilting' ( Stoik.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside the full grade root-present ῥέπω one assumes as zero grade ῥάπτω, ῥαπίζω (IE *u̯rep-: u̯r̥p-?), also with lengthened grade ῥώψ, but see s.v. As the main semantic denominator one posits `turn (together), wind, bend', but it is impossible to indicate in every case the connections. For ῥέπω one would like to assume a meaning `bow (away) from the straight position, divert', first of the scales. A basic meaning `turn', from where `throw' (cf. Lat. torqueō `turn, throw') one wanted to find in ῥόπαλον, ῥόπτρον (cf. WP. 1, 276 with Curtius a.o.); for the in that case to be assumed meaning `throwing stick' (cf. καλαῦροψ) there is however not the slightest indication. A direct connection with ῥαπίζω, ῥαπίς (prop. `rod, staff'; Persson Beitr. 1, 499) lies formally farther than direct connection with ῥέπω, ῥοπή. So ῥόπαλον prop. "the (for the blow) lowered, falling down (club)" like ῥόπτρον of the wood falling down ? Cf. ξύλον καθῆκε (E. HF 993) of the on the head of a boy downcoming club of Heracles. -- Cf. ῥέμβομαι w. references.Page in Frisk: 2,649-650Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέπω
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26 fax
fax, făcis (also in the nom. sing. ‡ faces, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 9 Müll.; gen. plur.: facum, acc. to Charis. p. 113 P., but without example), f. [root bhā, to shine; cf. favilla], a torch, firebrand, flambeau, link, orig. of pine or other resinous wood.I.Lit. (syn.: taeda, funale, cerĕus, candela, lucerna, laterna): alii faces atque aridam materiem de muro in aggerem eminus jaciebant, * Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4; Liv. 22, 16, 7:B.ambulare cum facibus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 52:malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:ego faces jam accensas ad hujus urbis incendium exstinxi,
id. Pis. 2, 5:servi in tecta nostra cum facibus immissi,
id. Att. 14, 10, 1; cf.:faces incendere,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:si te in Capitolium faces ferre vellet,
id. Lael. 11, 37:ardentem facem praeferre,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74:castris inicere,
Tac. H. 4, 60;subdere urbi,
Curt. 5, 7, 4:faces ferro inspicare,
Verg. G. 1, 292; cf.:facis incidere,
Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 233:dilapsam in cineres facem,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 28.—At weddings, the torch carried before the bride on the way to her home, usually made of white-thorn (Spina alba) or pine, the nuptial torch: spina, nuptiarum facibus auspicatissima, Masur. ap. Plin. 16, 18, 30, § 75; Fest. s. v. patrimi, p. 245; s. v. rapi, p. 289 Müll.; Varr. ap. Non. 112, 27; id. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 8, 29; Plaut. Cas. 1, 30; Cat. 61, 98 sq.; Verg. E. 8, 29; Ov. M. 10, 6; Stat. Th. 2, 259 al.;hence, nuptiales,
Cic. Clu. 6, 15; Liv. 30, 13, 12:maritae,
Ov. H. 11, 101:legitimae,
Luc. 2, 356.—Cf. Anthon's Dict. of Antiq. p. 434, and v. infra. Torches were also carried in funeral processions, Verg. A. 11, 142; Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 17; Ov. F. 2, 561; id. H. 21, 172; Sen. Tranq. 11; id. Vit. Beat. fin.; id. Ep. 222;and in the Eleusinian mysteries,
Juv. 15, 140.—An attribute of Cupid, Tib. 2, 1, 82; Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 16; Ov. M. 1, 461; 10, 312 al.;of the Furies,
Verg. A. 7, 337; Ov. M. 4, 482; 508; 6, 430; Quint. 9, 3, 47 al.—Transf.1.On account of the use of torches at weddings ( poet.), a wedding, marriage:2.face nuptiali digna,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 33; cf.:te face sollemni junget sibi,
Ov. M. 7, 49.—And referring at the same time to the funeral torch:viximus insignes inter utramque facem,
i. e. between marriage and death, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 46.—The light of the heavenly bodies ( poet.):3.dum roseā face sol inferret lumina caelo,
Lucr. 5, 976; cf.:Phoebi fax, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: canentes Rite crescentem face Noctilucam,
Hor. C. 4, 6, 38:aeterna fax,
i. e. the sun, Sen. Thyest. 835.—A fiery meteor, fire-ball, shooting-star, comet:b.noctivagaeque faces caeli flammaeque volantes,
Lucr. 5, 1191; cf.:nocturnasque faces caeli, sublime volantes,
id. 2, 206:emicant et faces non nisi cum decidunt visae, etc.,
Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96:tum facibus visis caelestibus, tum stellis iis, quas Graeci cometas, nostri cincinnatas vocant,
Cic. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Cat. 3, 8, 18; Liv. 41, 21, 13; 29, 14, 3; Verg. A. 2, 694; Ov. M. 15, 787; Luc. 1, 528; Petr. 122; Sen. Oet. 232.—Of lightning:4.facem flammantem dirigere,
Val. Fl. 1, 569; id. 4, 671. —Of the eyes:5.oculi, geminae, sidera nostra, faces,
Prop. 2, 3, 14:has ego credo faces, haec virginis ora Dianae,
Val. Fl. 5, 380; cf.:tranquillaeque faces oculis et plurima vultu materinest,
Stat. Ach. 1, 164.—Prima fax (noctis), early torchlight, immediately after dark (post-class.); cf.:II.luminibus accensis, Auct. B. Afr. 89: tempus diei occiduum, mox suprema tempestas, hoc est diei novissimum tempus: deinde vespera: ab hoc tempore prima fax dicitur, deinde concubia, etc.,
Macr. S, 1, 3 fin.; Gell. 3, 2, 11; 18, 1 fin.; App. M. 2, p. 119, 20.Trop.A.That which illuminates, makes conspicuous ( poet.):B.incipit parentum nobilitas facem praeferre pudendis,
Juv. 8, 139; cf. Sall. J. 80.—That which inflames or incites, incitement, stimulus, cause of ruin, destruction (freq. and class.):cum corporis facibus inflammari soleamus ad omnes fere cupiditates eoque magis incendi, quod, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:me torret face mutua Calais,
flame of love, Hor. C. 3, 9, 13; cf.:iraï fax,
Lucr. 3, 303:dicendi faces,
flames, fires of eloquence, Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 205; cf.:alicui quasi quasdam verborum faces admovere,
id. ib. 3, 1, 4:alicui acriores ad studia dicendi faces subdere,
Quint. 1, 2, 25 Spald.:hortator studii causaque faxque mei,
guide, leader, Ov. Pont. 1, 7, 28; and: incitator et fax omnium, Prud. steph. 10, 67:subicere faces invidiae alicujus,
Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:flagrantibus jam militum animis velut faces addere,
Tac. H. 1, 24:acerrimam bello facem praetulit,
id. ib. 2, 86:(rogationes promulgavit) duas faces novantibus res ad plebem in optimates accendendam,
Liv. 32, 38, 9:inde faces ardent, a dote,
Juv. 6, 139: adolescentulo ad libidinem facem praeferre, i. e. to be a leader or guide, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:Antonius omnium Clodi incendiorum fax,
instigator, id. Phil. 2, 19, 48; cf.:fax accusationis et origo,
Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 3:fax hujus belli (Hannibal),
Liv. 21, 10, 11; Vell. 2, 25, 3:dolorum cum admoventur faces,
Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:(dolor) ardentes faces intentat,
id. ib. 5, 27, 76:quae (Agrippinae) Gaium et Domitium Neronem principes genuere totidem facis generis humani,
destroyers, Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45.— Absol.:cum his furiis et facibus, cum his exitiosis prodigiis (i e. Gabinio et Pisone),
Cic. Har. Resp. 2, 4. -
27 крепёжный лес
2) Geology: prop wood3) Engineering: mine timber, mining timber, pit props4) Construction: shoring timber5) Mining: box timber, mine half-timbers, pit wood, pitwood -
28 крепежный лес
2) Geology: prop wood3) Engineering: mine timber, mining timber, pit props4) Construction: shoring timber5) Mining: box timber, mine half-timbers, pit wood, pitwood -
29 harundo
hărundo (better than ărundo, Bramb. s. v.; Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 441; Rib. Prol. Verg. p. 422, though the latter is freq. in MSS. and edd.; v. infra), ĭnis, f. [etym. dub.; perh. from root ar-, to set in motion; Sanscr. aras, swift; aranjas, a wood, as that which grows; cf.: ulmus, ulva, alnus, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 530 sq.].I.Prop., the reed, cane (taller than canna; cf.II.also: culmus, calamus, stipula),
Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156 sqq.:intus medullam sabuci (habent)... inanitatem harundines,
id. 13, 22, 42, § 122:longa parvae sub arundine cannae,
Ov. M. 8, 337:fluvialis,
Verg. G. 2, 414;used for covering or thatching huts and houses,
Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156; Vitr. 2, 1, 3;esp. in encampments: casae ex harundinibus textae,
Liv. 35, 27, 3 Weissenb.:teneris harundinum radicibus contusis equos alere,
Caes. B. C. 3, 58, 3.—Prov.:arundo vento agitata,
Vulg. Matt. 11, 7; Luc. 7, 24:arundinem quassatam non confringet,
ib. Matt. 12, 20. —Meton. of any thing made of reed or cane.A.A fishing-rod:B.hisce hami atque haec harundines sunt nobis quaestu,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 5:haec laqueo volucres, hacc captat arundine pisces,
Tib. 2, 6, 23 Müll.:hos aliquis tremula, dum captat arundine pisces, vidit,
Ov. M. 8, 217 Merk.; 13, 293; 14, 651.—Limed twigs for catching birds:C.parati aucupes cum harundinibus fuerunt,
Petr. 40, 6:volucres, quas textis harundinibus peritus artifex tetigit,
id. 109, 7:cantu fallitur ales, callida dum tacita crescit harundo manu,
Mart. 14, 218, 2 Schneidewin:aut (si) crescente levis traheretur arundine praeda,
id. 9, 54, 3 id.:ut qui viscatos populatur arundine lucos,
Sil. 7, 674:harundine sumptā Faunus plumoso sum deus aucupio,
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 33.—A wreath or crown made of reeds;D.as the head of Priapus: ast inportunas volucres in vertice harundo terret fixa,
Hor. S. 1, 8, 6 B. and K.;v. Orell. ad loc.—Esp. worn by river deities: (Tiberini) crines umbrosa tegebat harundo,
Verg. A. 8, 34 Rib.;of the river Calydonius: inornatos redimitus arundine crines,
Ov. M. 9, 3:subita cur pulcher arundine crines velat Hylas,
Val. Fl. 1, 218:(Glaucus) caputque redimitus arundine,
Vell. Pat. 2, 83;and of the Tiber: et arundinis altae concolor in viridi fluitabat silva capillo,
Sid. Paneg. Anthem. 333:velatus harundine glauca Mincius,
Verg. A. 10, 205 Rib.—The shaft of an arrow:E.quod fugat obtusum est, et habet sub arundine plumbum,
Ov. M. 1, 471:pennaque citatior ibat quae redit in pugnas fugientis arundine Parthi,
Sil. 10, 12; Cels. 7, 5, 2.—Hence (pars pro toto), an arrow:inque cor hamata percussit arundine Ditem,
Ov. M. 5, 384; 8, 382; 10, 526;11, 325: haeret lateri letalis harundo,
Verg. A. 4, 73 Rib. (Forbig. and Conington, arundo); id. ib. 7, 499.—A pen:F.neve notet lusus tristis harundo tuos,
Mart. 1, 3, 10:inque manus chartae, nodosaque venit harundo,
Pers. 3, 11. The best came from Cnidus:Cnidia,
Aus. Ep. 7, 49; and:Acidalia,
Mart. 9, 14, 3.—A reed pipe, shepherd's pipe, Pan-pipes, = surinx (an instrument made of several reeds, fastened together with wax, each successive reed somewhat shorter than the preceding):G.junctisque canendo vincere arundinibus servantia lumina temptat,
Ov. M. 1, 684; cf. id. ib. 1, 707 sq.;11, 154: agrestem tenui meditabor harundine Musam,
Verg. E. 6, 8; cf.:compacta solitum modulatur harundine carmen,
id. Cul. 100:nec crepuit fissa me propter harundine custos,
Prop. 4 (5), 7, 25.—A flute (made of the kalamos aulêtikos, Theophr. 4, 12):H.Satyri reminiscitur alter, quem Tritoniaca Latoüs arundine victum affecit poena,
Ov. M. 6, 384.—A comb made of reed, which brought the threads of the web into their place:K.stamen secernit arundo,
Ov. M. 6, 55.—A reed for brushing down cobwebs:L.ecferte huc scopas semulque harundinem,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 23.—A kind of transverse bar along which vines were trained:M.jugorum genera fere quatuor,... harundo, ut in Arpino,
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 2.—A rod (for beating, punishing):N.ac me iterum in cellam perduxit, et harundinem ab ostio rapuit iterumque mulcavit,
Petr. 134.—Splints for holding together injured parts of the body, Suet. Aug. 80.—O.A measuring-rod, Prud. Psych. 826.—P.A hobbyhorse, cane-horse, as a child's plaything:equitare in harundine longa,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 248; cf.:non erubuit (Socrates) cum, interposita arundine cruribus suis, cum parvulis filiolis ludens, ab Alcibiade risus est,
Val. Max. 8, 8 ext. 1. -
30 pinus
pīnus, ūs and i (dat. pinu, Prop. 3, 19, 19; abl. sing. only pinu; gen. and abl. plur. pinorum and pinis), f., = pitus.I.Lit., a pine, pine-tree; a fir, fir-tree: Pinus silvestris, Linn.; Plin. 16, 20, 33, § 79; 16, 25, 40, § 95:B.ex altā pinu,
Verg. G. 2, 389:pinos loquentes,
id. E. 8, 22:evertunt actas ad sidera pinus,
id. A. 11, 136:Idaeae sacro de vertice pinus,
id. ib. 10, 230:gummi in cerasis, resina pinis,
Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 42.—The pine was sacred to Cybele,
Ov. M. 10, 103; Macr. S. 6, 9; Phaedr. 3, 17, 4;to Diana,
Hor. C. 3, 22, 1; Prop. 2, 15, 17 (3, 12, 19);Pan was represented with a pinewreath,
Ov. M. 14, 638; Sil. 13, 331; so,too, Faunus,
Ov. H. 5, 137. The victors at the Isthmian games were also crowned with a pine-wreath, Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—Acc. to the fable, Pitys, i. e. pinus, was beloved by Pan;hence, pinus amica Arcadio deo,
Prop. 1, 18, 29 (20).—The stone-pine, which bears an edible fruit, Plin. 16, 10, 16, § 38.—II.Transf., any thing made of pine-wood or pine-trees.1.A ship:2.quos Mincius infestā ducebat in aequora pinu,
Verg. A. 10, 206; Hor. Epod. 16, 57:quamvis Pontica pinus Silvae filia nobilis,
id. C. 1, 14, 11:orbata praeside pinus,
Ov. M. 14, 88.—A pine torch:3. 4.atque manum pinu flagranti fervidus implet,
Verg. A. 9, 72.—An oar, Luc. 3, 531.—5.A wreath of pineleaves, Ov. M. 14, 638; id. F. 1, 412; Sil. 13, 331.—6.A pine forest:Gallinaria pinus,
Juv. 3, 307. -
31 stamen
I.Lit., Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.; Tib. 1, 3, 86; Ov. M. 6, 54 sq.; 6, 576; 4, 275; 4, 397 al.—II.Transf., in gen.A.A thread hanging from the distaff:B.aut ducunt lanas aut stamina pollice versant,
Ov. M. 4, 34; 4, 179; 4, 221;12, 475: operoso stamine,
id. A. A. 1, 695:et minuent plenas stamina nostra colos,
id. H. 3, 76:deducere plenā stamina longa colu,
Tib. 1, 3, 86; 1, 6, 78:digitis dum torques stamina duris,
Ov. H. 9, 79.—Of the threads of the Parcae, Tib. 1, 7, 2; 3, 3, 36; Ov. M. 8, 453; id. Tr. 5, 13, 24; 4, 1, 63; Luc. 3, 19; 6, 777. —Hence, de legibus queri Fatorum et nimio de stamine, too long a thread of life, Juv. 10, 252.— Poet.:fallebam stamine somnum,
i. e. by spinning, Prop. 1, 3, 41.—Of threads of other sorts;C.thus, of the thread of Ariadne,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 42;of the spider,
Ov. M. 6, 145; Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 80;of a net,
id. 19, 1, 2, § 11; of the stamina of the lily, id. 21, 5, 11, § 23; the fibres of wood, id. 16, 38, 73, § 186; the strings of an instrument, Ov. M. 11, 169.—(Pars pro toto.) A cloth made of threads; so the fillets of priests, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 52; Sil. 3, 25.— A garment, Claud. in Eutr. 1, 304; id. Laud. Stil. 2, 346; id. Rapt. Pros. 2, 34. -
32 unguis
unguis, is (abl. ungui, Cat. 62, 43; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 46; id. C. 2, 8, 4; Prop. 1, 20, 39; cf. Charis. p. 120), m. [cf. Gr. ONUCh-, onux; Sanscr. nakha], a nail of a person's finger or toe.I.Lit., Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 247; 10, 35, 52, § 106; 28, 2, 5, § 28; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 51; 1, 19, 46; id. S. 1, 3, 101; Prop. 1, 20, 39; Ov. Am. 1, 7, 64; 2, 6, 4; id. A. A. 3, 708.—2.Of animals. a claw, talon, hoof, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 247; Hor. C. 2, 19, 24; Ov. M. 4, 717; 10, 540; Col. 6, 12; Mart. 14, 199 al.—B.Proverbial phrases.1.Ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum, from top to toe, from the crown of his head to the sole of his foot, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20.—2.A rectā conscientiā transversum unguem non discedere, not to depart a finger's breadth in the least, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4; cf.3.ellipt.: urge igitur, nec transversum unguem, quod aiunt, a stilo,
id. Fam. 7, 25, 2:si tu ex isto loco digitum transvorsum aut unguem latum excesseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 17 sq.; Hier. Ep. 127, 8 (v. transversus and digitus).—Cum medium ostenderet unguem, i. e. showed utter derision, the greatest contempt (because the middle finger was regarded as indecent), Juv. 10, 53.—4.Incestos amores De tenero meditatur ungui, i. e. from childhood, ex hapalôn onuchôn, Hor. C. 3, 6, 24 (for which:5.a teneris unguiculis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2).—Ad or in unguem, after the Gr. eis onucha or ep onuchos, to a hair, to a nicety, exactly, perfectly (an expression borrowed from sculptors, who, in modelling, give the finishing touch with the nail;6.or joiners, who test the accuracy of joints in wood by the nail: materiem dolare ad unguem,
Col. 11, 2, 13:ad unguem Factus homo,
highly polished, perfectly accomplished, Hor. S. 1, 5, 32; cf.:carmen decies castigare ad unguem,
id. A. P. 294 Jan. ad loc.: suturae capitis [p. 1932] in unguem committuntur, Cels. 8, 1, § 12; Verg. G. 2, 277 Serv.; Vitr. 4, 6, 2; cf.also: carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos effundat junctura unguis,
Pers. 1, 65.—Homo, cujus pluris erat unguis, quam tu totus es, a man whose little finger was worth more than your whole body, Petr. 57 fin. —7.Rodere ungues, to bite the nails, i. e. to be buried in thought, etc.:II.ille in versu faciendo Saepe caput scaberet vivos et roderet ungues,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 71; cf.: ungue meam morso saepe querere fidem. Prop. 3 (4), 25, 4:et saepe inmeritos corrumpas dentibus ungues,
id. 2, 4, 3 (13).—Transf.A.Of plants, a nail-like spot, the tip, extremity, Plin. 12, 9, 19, § 36; 21, 18, 73, § 121; Col. 4, 24, 7; Pall. Febr. 12, 5.—B.A kind of shell-fish, perh. the razor-fish, Varr. L. L. 5, 12, 23.—C.A hook:D.ferrei,
Col. 12, 18, 2. — -
33 κύρτος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `weel, lobster pot' (Sapph., Pl., Arist., pap.), also `bird-cage' (AP);Compounds: Comp. κυρτο-βόλος `fisherman' (Smyrna).Derivatives: κύρτη f. `bird-cage' (Archil.), `bow-net' (Hdt., D. S.), `strainer' (Nic.). Diminut. κυρτίς `strainer' (Nic., Dsc., Opp.), - ίδιον `strainer' (Dsc.); also κυρτίον name of an unknown chariot-part (Poll. 1, 143). Further κυρτία `wicker shield' (D. S.), κυρτεύς `fisherman' (Herod., Opp.) with κυρτευτής `id.' (AP) and κυρτεία `fishing with the bow-net' (Ael.) from *κυρτεύω or analogically after ἁλι-ευτής, - εία; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 68. Here further κυρσερίδες τὰ τῶν μελισσῶν ἀγγεῖα, κυψελίδες H., from *κυρσέρα(?), after κρησέρα `fine sieve'; Grošelj Živa Ant. 3, 202.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One assumed IE. *kr̥t-o- (Schwyzer 351), but κάρταλ(λ)ος is Pre=Greek. One connects also Skt. káṭa- m. `wicker-work, mat' (prob. wrongly). Further there is a western term for `wicker-work, hurdle' in Germ., e.g. OHG hurt, pl. hurdi, for which one assumes IE. *kr̥t-i-, and Lat. crātis, but this would point to a disyllabic root (* krHti-), for which there is further no evidence. A primary verb is supposed in the nasal present kr̥-ṇá-t-ti `spin' with kart-tar- m. `spinner'. Further W.-Hofmann s. crātis, Feist Et. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. haúrds, Pok. 584f. - Quite diff. Müller-Graupa Glotta 31, 132: κύρτος prop. `wicker-work', substantivized from κυρτός. This simple interpretation presupposes, that κυρτός prop. means `tristed, twined' (after M. -G. `crooked, bent'), what fits badly to the facts, or that κύρτος prop. meant `vaulted, bellied'. So there is no convincing etymology. If κυρσ-ερ- belongs here, the word is rather Pre-Greek. Fur. 258 compares Hitt. kurtal(i)- `container of wood or wicker-work'. -Page in Frisk: 2,55-56Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύρτος
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34 κᾶλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `wood, logs (for burning), timber' (h. Merc. 112, Hes. Op. 427, Ion. trag., Call., Cyrene), also `wood for ships' = `ship' (Lacon. in Ar. Lys. 1253, X. HG 1, 1,23, Plu. Alk. 28.).Other forms: mostly pl. -α,Compounds: As 1. member in καλο-τύπος ὁ δρυοκολάπτης H., καλο-πέδιλα n. pl. "wooden shoes", kind of foot-fetters (Theoc. 25, 103); καλό-πους, - ποδος m. "wooden foot", i. e. `soemaker's last' (v. l. in Pl. Smp. 191a and Poll. 2, 195; Edict. Diocl.), also καλά-πους (Pl. l. c., Poll. 10, 141; after τετρά-πους?), with the diminutive καλοπόδιον (Gal. 6, 364 [v. l. - απ-], Suid.); as technical expressions καλόπους and καλοπόδιον reached in eastern languages, e. g Arab. qālib, from where Osman. kalyp `form, model' \> NGr. τὸ καλοῦπι `id.', MPers. kalapaδ, NPers. kālbud (Maidhof Glotta 10, 11; Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1933, 49). - Quite doubtful however καλαρ\<ρ\>ύα `canal, water conduit' (Ambracian after sch. Gen. Φ 259), καλαρρυϜαί (cod. - γαί) τάφροι. Άμερίας H., after Schwyzer 438 n. 4 prop. "wooden water conduite" (?); similar καλαρῖνες ὀχετοι `water-pipe']. Λάκωνες H.; cf. ῥινοῦχος `canal' etc., see Kretschmer Glotta 4, 335.Derivatives: κάλινος `of wood' (Epich., Lyc., A. R., Cyrene); dimin. (?) κάλιον (- ίον?) ξυλάριον, βακτηρίδιον; καλύριον (- ύφιον?) ξυλήφιον H.Origin: IE [Indo-European]\/PGXEtymology: To καίω, καῦσαι as `firewood'; cf. synonymous δᾱλός `fire-brand' from δαϜ-ελός ( δαίω), so κᾶλον could represent *κάϜ-ελον (Bq). As however Dor. κᾶλον cannot be derived from it, perh. from *κάϜ-αλον (Schwyzer 248, Lejeune Traité de phon. 234; on - ελο-: - αλο- cf. ἔταλον). However, a pre-form *καϜ-αλ- rather suggests a Pre-Greek form; also the connection with καίω does not seem certain. - From κᾶλα pl. Lat. cāla f. `dry wood, firewood'. - See καίω, and κῆλα.Page in Frisk: 1,765-766Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κᾶλον
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35 agger
agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].I.Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Cæs., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20:II.aggere paludem explere,
id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86:longius erat agger petendus,
id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.:superjecto aggere terreno,
Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37:implere cavernas aggere,
Curt. 8, 10, 27:fossas aggere complent,
Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,Esp.A.The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis ( with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354:B.atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris,
id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144:ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon,
Prop. 4, 10, 22.— A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.— A causeway through a swamp:aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere,
Tac. A. 1, 61.— A heap or pile of arms:agger armorum,
Tac. H. 2, 70.— Poet., for mountains:aggeres Alpini,
Verg. A. 6, 830; so,Thessalici aggeres,
i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.— A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.— A heap of ashes:ab alto aggere,
Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea:ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi,
Luc. 5, 674:consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem,
Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.:mons aquae,
Verg. A. 1, 105).—In milit. lang.1.A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12:2.aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20:esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia,
id. Phil. 10, 9:celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 12:jacere,
to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3:aggerem exstruere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 30:instruere,
id. ib. 8, 41:promovere ad urbem,
to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv 5, 7.— Trop.:Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae,
rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf.3.Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit,
Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers:4.stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri,
Luc. 5, 317:vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit,
Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.):viae deprensus in aggere serpens,
Verg. A. 5, 273:Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia,
Rutil. Itiner. 39:aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere,
Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23. -
36 Caudex
1. I. (α).Caudex, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 121; 12, 15, 34, § 67; Verg. G. 2, 30 et saep.—(β).Codex, Ov. M. 12, 432; Col. 4, 8, 2; 5, 6, 21.— Hence,B.The block of wood to which one was bound for punishment:C. II.codex,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 39; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 44; Juv. 2, 57. —Inpartic.A.A block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves or tablets and fastened together:B.quia plurium tabularum contextus caudex apud antiquos vocatur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4: quod antiqui pluris tabulas conjunctas codices dicebant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 535, 20.—Hence,(Since the ancients orig. wrote upon tablets of wood smeared with wax.) A book, a writing (its leaves were not, like the volumina, rolled within one another, but, like those of our books, lay over one another; cf. Dict. of Antiq.).(α).Caudex, Cato ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Ant. 1, 2.—(β).Codex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 119; id. Clu. 33, 91; Quint. 10, 3, 28; Dig. 32, 1, 52 al.—C.Esp. of an accountbook and particularly of a ledger (while adversaria signifies the waste-book; hence only the former was of any validity in law): non habere se hoc nomen ( this item) in codice accepti et expensi relatum confitetur:D.sed in adversariis patere contendit, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; v. the passage in connection; cf. id. ib. 3, 9: in codicis extremā cerā (i. e. upon the last tablet), id. Verr. 2, 1, 36. §92: referre in codicem,
id. Sull. 15, 44.—A code of laws: Codex Theodosianus, Justinianus, etc.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v.2.Caudex, cis, m., a Roman cognomen: App. Claudius Caudex, consul A. U. C. 490, B. C. 264, Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4; Aur. Vict. 37. -
37 caudex
1. I. (α).Caudex, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 121; 12, 15, 34, § 67; Verg. G. 2, 30 et saep.—(β).Codex, Ov. M. 12, 432; Col. 4, 8, 2; 5, 6, 21.— Hence,B.The block of wood to which one was bound for punishment:C. II.codex,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 39; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 44; Juv. 2, 57. —Inpartic.A.A block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves or tablets and fastened together:B.quia plurium tabularum contextus caudex apud antiquos vocatur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4: quod antiqui pluris tabulas conjunctas codices dicebant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 535, 20.—Hence,(Since the ancients orig. wrote upon tablets of wood smeared with wax.) A book, a writing (its leaves were not, like the volumina, rolled within one another, but, like those of our books, lay over one another; cf. Dict. of Antiq.).(α).Caudex, Cato ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Ant. 1, 2.—(β).Codex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 119; id. Clu. 33, 91; Quint. 10, 3, 28; Dig. 32, 1, 52 al.—C.Esp. of an accountbook and particularly of a ledger (while adversaria signifies the waste-book; hence only the former was of any validity in law): non habere se hoc nomen ( this item) in codice accepti et expensi relatum confitetur:D.sed in adversariis patere contendit, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; v. the passage in connection; cf. id. ib. 3, 9: in codicis extremā cerā (i. e. upon the last tablet), id. Verr. 2, 1, 36. §92: referre in codicem,
id. Sull. 15, 44.—A code of laws: Codex Theodosianus, Justinianus, etc.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v.2.Caudex, cis, m., a Roman cognomen: App. Claudius Caudex, consul A. U. C. 490, B. C. 264, Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4; Aur. Vict. 37. -
38 δροόν
Grammatical information: adj.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [214] *drou̯- `wood'Etymology: From *δροϜ-όν, prop. `of heart-wood', from the word for `wood' in δόρυ, δρῦς (s. vv.). Compare OE trīg ` tray' \< IE *drou-i̯o-, s. δροίτη; Goth. trauan. (The same word is supposed in PN Δρούθου (gen., Telos IIa).) - ἔνδροια καρδία δένδρου καὶ τὸ μέσον H. may stand for ἔνδρυα. - See Osthoff Etym. parerga 145ff.Page in Frisk: 1,419Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δροόν
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39 ζυγόν
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `yoke' (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. στοῖχος), as land measure.Other forms: Hell. mostly - ός m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. πολύ-ζυγος `with many rowing benches', ζυγό-δεσμον `yoke-straps' (Il.), also ζυγη-φόρος `carrying a yoke' (A., analog.-metr. beside ζυγο-φόρος; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. ζύγιον `rowing bench' (hell.). 2. ζυγίσκον meaning unclear (IG 22, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300a). 3. ζύγαινα the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. ζυγίς `thyme' (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. ζούγωνερ (= *ζύγωνες) βόες ἐργάται. Λάκωνες H. 6. ζυγίτης name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 44), f. ζυγῖτις Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. ζυγία `maple' (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. ζύγαστρον `wooden cist, chest' s.v. σίγιστρον - Adject. 9. ζύγιος `belonging to the yoke etc.' (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. ζύγιμος `id.' (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94). 11. ζυγικός `belonging to the tongue of a balance' (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. ζυγ-άδην (Ph.), ζυγ-ηδόν (Hld.) `pairwise'. - Denomin. verbs: 1. ζυγόω `yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance' (A., hell.) with ζύγωμα `bar, cross-rod' (Plb.), ζύγωσις `balancing' (hell.), *ζύγωθρον in the denomin. aor. ipv. ζυγώθρισον (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, `weigh' or `shut'?). 2. ζυγέω `form a row or rank' (Plb.). - Beside ζυγόν as 2. member the verbal root - ζυξ, e. g. ἄ-ζυξ `unconnected, unmarried', ὁμό-, σύ-ζυξ `yoked together, connected' (also ἄ-, ὁμό-, σύ-ζυγος), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. iugan, Skt. yugám, Lat. iugum, Germ., e. g. Goth. juk, IE *i̯ugóm; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. iugum. - The root noun - ζυξ also in Lat. con-iux `spouse', Skt. a-yúj- `not forming a pair, uneven' (formally = ἄ-ζυξ except the accent), sa-yúj- `connected, companion' a. o. - Cf. ζεύγνυμι and ζεῦγος. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests Hi̯-, which is still uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,615-616Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζυγόν
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40 Balken
m; -s, -1. ARCHIT. beam; (Dachbalken) rafter; (Decken-, Querbalken) joist; (Träger) girder; ein tragender Balken a supporting ( oder load-bearing) beam etc.; lügen, dass sich die Balken biegen umg. lie like a trooper, lie through one’s teeth; Wasser hat keine Balken Sprichw. water’s a bad floor to walk on, you must either sink or swim3. MUS. crossbar4. TV bar5. auf Flaggen, Schildern: fess(e)6. an Waage: (balance) beam* * *der Balkenjoist; beam; balk; baulk; girder* * *Bạl|ken ['balkn]m -s, -1) (= Holzbalken, Schwebebalken) beam; (= Stützbalken) prop, shore; (= Querbalken) joist, crossbeam; (SPORT bei Hürdenlauf) railder Balken im eigenen Auge (Bibl) — the beam in one's own eye
lügen, dass sich die Balken biegen (inf) — to lie through one's teeth, to tell a pack of lies
Wasser hat keine Balken (Prov) — not everyone can walk on water
3) (an Waage) beam* * *(a long straight piece of wood, often used in ceilings.) beam* * *Bal·ken<-s, ->[ˈbalkn̩]m1. (Holzbalken) beam2. (Stahlbalken) girder3. (Stützbalken) prop, shore4. MUS bar5. SPORT beam7.* * *der; Balkens, Balken1) beamlügen, dass sich die Balken biegen — (ugs.) tell a [complete] pack of lies
2) (SchwebeBalken) beam3) (Musik) cross-stroke* * *lügen, dass sich die Balken biegen umg lie like a trooper, lie through one’s teeth;3. MUS crossbar4. TV bar5. auf Flaggen, Schildern: fess(e)* * *der; Balkens, Balken1) beamlügen, dass sich die Balken biegen — (ugs.) tell a [complete] pack of lies
2) (SchwebeBalken) beam3) (Musik) cross-stroke* * *- m.arbor n.beam n.joist n.
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