vice...

flamma, ae (archaic gen. sing. flammaï, Lucr. 1, 725; 900; 5, 1099), f. [for flagma, v. flagro; cf. Gr. phlegma, from phlegô], a blazing fire, a blaze, flame (cf. ignis).

Lit.: fana flammā deflagrata, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 ed. Vahl.); Lucr. 6, 1169:

dicere aiunt Ennium, flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi quam bona dicta teneat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 222:

flammam concipere,

to take fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 2:

flammā torreri,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:

flamma ab utroque cornu comprehensa, naves sunt combustae,

id. B. C. 3, 101, 5:

circumventi flammā,

id. B. G. 6, 16, 4:

effusa flamma pluribus locis reluxit,

Liv. 30, 6, 5:

flammam sedare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

lumina illa non flammae, sed scintillis inter fumum emicantibus similia,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

solis flammam per caeli caerula pasci,

the blazing light, Lucr. 1, 1090:

erat is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circulus elucens,

i. e. among the blazing stars, Cic. Rep. 6, 16:

polo fixae flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas Spargit,

i. e. flashing lightnings, id. F. 3, 285:

flammam media ipsa tenebat Ingentem,

i. e. a torch, Verg. A. 6, 518; so,

armant picis unguine flammas,

Val. Fl. 8, 302;

for ignis: modum ponere iambis flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 3:

flamma ferroque absumi,

by fire and sword, Liv. 30, 6; Juv. 10, 266.—

Provv.

Flamma fumo est proxima:

Fumo comburi nihil potest, flamma potest,

i. e. the slightest approach to impropriety leads to vice, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 53. —

E flamma cibum petere, to snatch [p. 757] food from the flames, i. e. to be reduced to extremities for want of it, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 38 (cf. Cat. 59).—

Prius undis flamma (sc. miscebitur), sooner will fire mingle with water, of any thing impossible, Poët. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 49.—

Unda dabit flammas, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 4.—

flamma recens parva sparsa resedit aqua, = obsta principiis, Ov. H. 17, 190.—

Transf.

Of color, flame-color:

reddit flammam excellentis purpurae,

Plin. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

stant lumina (i. e. oculi) flammā,

his eyes glare with fire, Verg. A. 6, 300; cf.:

rubrā suffusus lumina flammā,

Ov. M. 11, 368.—

Fever-heat, Ov. M. 7, 554.—

Trop., viz., acc. as the notion of glowing heat or of destructive power predominates (cf. flagro, II.).—

The flame or fire of passion, esp. of love, the flame or glow of love, flame, passion, love:

amoris turpissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

cuncto concepit pectore flammam Funditus,

Cat. 64, 92; cf.:

excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 7, 17:

digne puer meliore flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 20:

ira feri mota est: spirat pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 8, 355; Sil. 17, 295:

omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris,

Cic. Brut. 24, 93; cf.:

scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere, sed memoria rerum gestarum eam flammam egregiis viris in pectore crescere,

Sall. J. 4, 6.—

A devouring flame, destructive fire, suffering, danger:

incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae vel potius belli,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 2:

invidiae,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

is se tum eripuit flammā,

id. Brut. 23, 90:

implacatae gulae,

i. e. raging hunger, Ov. M. 8, 849.—

Flamma Jovis, the name of a red flower, Plin. 27, 7, 27, § 44.

Flamma, ae, m., a Roman surname, Tac. H. 4, 45.

fūmus, i, m. [Sanscr. dhū, dhumas, smoke; Zend. dun-man, vapor; Gr. thuô, to rage, sacrifice, thumos, thuma, thuos, etc.; Goth. dauns, odor; Engl. dust; cf.: fūnus, fuligo], smoke, steam, fume:

in lignis si flamma latet fumusque cinisque,

Lucr. 1, 871; cf. 1, 891;

4, 56: ibi hominem ingenuum fumo excruciatum, semivivum reliquit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45:

castra, ut fumo atque ignibus significabatur, amplius milibus pass. VIII. in latitudinem patebant,

Caes. B. G. 2. 7 fin.:

tum fumi incendiorum procul videbantur,

id. ib. 5, 48 fin.:

significatione per castella fumo facta,

id. B. C. 3, 65, 3:

ater ad sidera fumus erigitur,

Verg. A. 9, 239:

pernas in fumo suspendito,

Cato, R. R. 162, 3:

fumo inveteratum vinum,

Plin. 23, 1. 22, § 40; cf. Hor. C. 3, 8, 11; Col. 1, 6, 19 sq.; v. fumarium; hence, poet. transf.:

fumi Massiliae,

Marseilles wine mellowed in the smoke, Mart. 14, 118: in illo ganearum tuarum [p. 792] nidore atque fumo, Cic. Pis. 6, 13; cf.:

intervenerant quidam amici, propter quos major fumus fieret, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 64, and Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 60:

non fumum ex fulgore, sed ex fumo dare lucem Cogitat,

Hor. A. P. 143.—In double sense: Ph. Oculi dolent. Ad. Quor? Ph. Quia fumus molestus est, smoke, i. e. foolish talk, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 10. —

Prov.

Semper flamma fumo est proxima:

Fumo comburi nihil potest, flamma potest,

i. e. the slightest approach to wrong-doing leads to vice, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 53.—

Tendere de fumo, ut proverbium loquitur vetus, ad flammam, to jump out of the frying-pan into the fire, Amm. 14, 11, 12; cf.:

de fumo, ut aiunt, in flammam,

id. 28, 1, 26.—

Fumum or fumos vendere, i. e. to make empty promises, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 36; Mart. 4, 5, 7; App. Mag. p. 313, 31.—For which also:

per fumum or fumis vendere aliquid,

Capitol. Anton. 11; Lampr. Heliog. 10.—

Trop., like our word smoke, as a figure of destruction: ubi omne Verterat in fumum et cinerem, had reduced to smoke and ashes, i. e. had consumed, squandered, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 39.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

hĭems or hiemps, ĕmis, f. [Gr. chiôn, cheima; Sanscr. himas, snow], the winter, winter time, rainy season (cf.: bruma, solstitium).

Lit.: aestatem autumnus sequitur, post acer hiemps fit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 Vahl.):

solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1: crudelis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.);

opp. to aestas,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, §§

31 and 32: dies primus est veris in Aquario, aestatis in Tauro, autumni in Leone, hiemis in Scorpione,

Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. id. ap. Col. 11, 2, 84; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; 18, 25, 60, § 224 sq.: prodit hiems, sequitur crepitans hanc dentibus algor. Lucr. 5, 747:

hanc vim frigorum hiememque, quam nos vix hujus urbis tectis sustinemus, excipere,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

summa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 32:

gravissimā hieme,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8 fin.:

jamque hiems appropinquabat,

id. ib. 3, 9, 8:

initā hieme,

id. B. G. 3, 7, 1:

jam prope hieme confectā,

id. ib. 7, 32, 2: ante exactam hiemem, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

modestia hiemis,

Tac. A. 12, 43:

bellum difficillimum gessit hieme anni,

in winter time, Suet. Caes. 35:

stridebat deformis hiems,

Juv. 4, 58: Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, winter and summer, i. e. in all seasons, Cic. Div. 1, 42, 94.—In plur.:

confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres,

Lucr. 6, 373:

est ubi plus tepeant hiemes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15:

informīs hiemes reducit Juppiter, idem Summovet,

id. C. 2, 10, 15; 3, 1, 32:

in his locis maturae sunt hiemes,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Juppiter ultimam,

years, Hor. C. 1, 11, 4:

post certas hiemes,

id. ib. 1, 15, 35; cf.:

sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit solstitia,

Juv. 4, 92.—Personified: Hiems, Ov. M. 2, 30; 15, 212; 4, 436; Verg. A. 3, 120.—

Transf. (mostly poet.).

Rainy, stormy weather, a storm, tempest:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 5, 11; cf.:

non tam creber agens hiemem ruit aequore turbo,

id. G. 3, 470:

Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

id. A. 9, 671; id. G. 1, 321; Hor. Epod. 2, 52; Ov. M. 11, 490; 521; 13, 709 al.—In plur., Val. Fl. 2, 22; Stat. S. 5, 1, 36.—In prose:

maritimos cursus praecludebat hiemis magnitudo,

Cic. Planc. 40 fin.:

qui (gubernator) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat,

Nep. Att. 10 fin. —

In gen., cold, chill; tempest, violence ( poet.):

sic letalis hiems paulatim in pectora venit,

a deadly chill, Ov. M. 2, 827; cf. Mart. 2, 46, 7:

Vesuvinus apex et flammea diri Montis hiems,

the fiery tempest, Stat. S. 3, 5, 72;

so of Vesuvius: vix dum ignea montem Torsit hiems,

Val. Fl. 4, 508:

instamus jactu telorum et ferrea nimbis Certat hiems,

the iron storm, shower of weapons, Stat. Th. 5, 386.—

Trop.

Cold, storm ( poet.):

ab illa Pessima (die) mutati coepit amoris hiems,

cold, Ov. H. 5, 34:

hiems rerum,

the storm of war, disturbance of war, Claud. B. Get. 151.—

Trouble, distress:

suae senectuti acriorem hiemem parat, quom illam inportunam tempestatem conciet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 7.

hĭems or hiemps, ĕmis, f. [Gr. chiôn, cheima; Sanscr. himas, snow], the winter, winter time, rainy season (cf.: bruma, solstitium).

Lit.: aestatem autumnus sequitur, post acer hiemps fit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 Vahl.):

solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1: crudelis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.);

opp. to aestas,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, §§

31 and 32: dies primus est veris in Aquario, aestatis in Tauro, autumni in Leone, hiemis in Scorpione,

Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. id. ap. Col. 11, 2, 84; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; 18, 25, 60, § 224 sq.: prodit hiems, sequitur crepitans hanc dentibus algor. Lucr. 5, 747:

hanc vim frigorum hiememque, quam nos vix hujus urbis tectis sustinemus, excipere,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

summa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 32:

gravissimā hieme,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8 fin.:

jamque hiems appropinquabat,

id. ib. 3, 9, 8:

initā hieme,

id. B. G. 3, 7, 1:

jam prope hieme confectā,

id. ib. 7, 32, 2: ante exactam hiemem, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

modestia hiemis,

Tac. A. 12, 43:

bellum difficillimum gessit hieme anni,

in winter time, Suet. Caes. 35:

stridebat deformis hiems,

Juv. 4, 58: Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, winter and summer, i. e. in all seasons, Cic. Div. 1, 42, 94.—In plur.:

confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres,

Lucr. 6, 373:

est ubi plus tepeant hiemes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15:

informīs hiemes reducit Juppiter, idem Summovet,

id. C. 2, 10, 15; 3, 1, 32:

in his locis maturae sunt hiemes,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Juppiter ultimam,

years, Hor. C. 1, 11, 4:

post certas hiemes,

id. ib. 1, 15, 35; cf.:

sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit solstitia,

Juv. 4, 92.—Personified: Hiems, Ov. M. 2, 30; 15, 212; 4, 436; Verg. A. 3, 120.—

Transf. (mostly poet.).

Rainy, stormy weather, a storm, tempest:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 5, 11; cf.:

non tam creber agens hiemem ruit aequore turbo,

id. G. 3, 470:

Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

id. A. 9, 671; id. G. 1, 321; Hor. Epod. 2, 52; Ov. M. 11, 490; 521; 13, 709 al.—In plur., Val. Fl. 2, 22; Stat. S. 5, 1, 36.—In prose:

maritimos cursus praecludebat hiemis magnitudo,

Cic. Planc. 40 fin.:

qui (gubernator) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat,

Nep. Att. 10 fin. —

In gen., cold, chill; tempest, violence ( poet.):

sic letalis hiems paulatim in pectora venit,

a deadly chill, Ov. M. 2, 827; cf. Mart. 2, 46, 7:

Vesuvinus apex et flammea diri Montis hiems,

the fiery tempest, Stat. S. 3, 5, 72;

so of Vesuvius: vix dum ignea montem Torsit hiems,

Val. Fl. 4, 508:

instamus jactu telorum et ferrea nimbis Certat hiems,

the iron storm, shower of weapons, Stat. Th. 5, 386.—

Trop.

Cold, storm ( poet.):

ab illa Pessima (die) mutati coepit amoris hiems,

cold, Ov. H. 5, 34:

hiems rerum,

the storm of war, disturbance of war, Claud. B. Get. 151.—

Trouble, distress:

suae senectuti acriorem hiemem parat, quom illam inportunam tempestatem conciet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 7.

hĭems or hiemps, ĕmis, f. [Gr. chiôn, cheima; Sanscr. himas, snow], the winter, winter time, rainy season (cf.: bruma, solstitium).

Lit.: aestatem autumnus sequitur, post acer hiemps fit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 Vahl.):

solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1: crudelis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.);

opp. to aestas,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, §§

31 and 32: dies primus est veris in Aquario, aestatis in Tauro, autumni in Leone, hiemis in Scorpione,

Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. id. ap. Col. 11, 2, 84; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; 18, 25, 60, § 224 sq.: prodit hiems, sequitur crepitans hanc dentibus algor. Lucr. 5, 747:

hanc vim frigorum hiememque, quam nos vix hujus urbis tectis sustinemus, excipere,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

summa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 32:

gravissimā hieme,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8 fin.:

jamque hiems appropinquabat,

id. ib. 3, 9, 8:

initā hieme,

id. B. G. 3, 7, 1:

jam prope hieme confectā,

id. ib. 7, 32, 2: ante exactam hiemem, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

modestia hiemis,

Tac. A. 12, 43:

bellum difficillimum gessit hieme anni,

in winter time, Suet. Caes. 35:

stridebat deformis hiems,

Juv. 4, 58: Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, winter and summer, i. e. in all seasons, Cic. Div. 1, 42, 94.—In plur.:

confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres,

Lucr. 6, 373:

est ubi plus tepeant hiemes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15:

informīs hiemes reducit Juppiter, idem Summovet,

id. C. 2, 10, 15; 3, 1, 32:

in his locis maturae sunt hiemes,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Juppiter ultimam,

years, Hor. C. 1, 11, 4:

post certas hiemes,

id. ib. 1, 15, 35; cf.:

sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit solstitia,

Juv. 4, 92.—Personified: Hiems, Ov. M. 2, 30; 15, 212; 4, 436; Verg. A. 3, 120.—

Transf. (mostly poet.).

Rainy, stormy weather, a storm, tempest:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 5, 11; cf.:

non tam creber agens hiemem ruit aequore turbo,

id. G. 3, 470:

Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

id. A. 9, 671; id. G. 1, 321; Hor. Epod. 2, 52; Ov. M. 11, 490; 521; 13, 709 al.—In plur., Val. Fl. 2, 22; Stat. S. 5, 1, 36.—In prose:

maritimos cursus praecludebat hiemis magnitudo,

Cic. Planc. 40 fin.:

qui (gubernator) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat,

Nep. Att. 10 fin. —

In gen., cold, chill; tempest, violence ( poet.):

sic letalis hiems paulatim in pectora venit,

a deadly chill, Ov. M. 2, 827; cf. Mart. 2, 46, 7:

Vesuvinus apex et flammea diri Montis hiems,

the fiery tempest, Stat. S. 3, 5, 72;

so of Vesuvius: vix dum ignea montem Torsit hiems,

Val. Fl. 4, 508:

instamus jactu telorum et ferrea nimbis Certat hiems,

the iron storm, shower of weapons, Stat. Th. 5, 386.—

Trop.

Cold, storm ( poet.):

ab illa Pessima (die) mutati coepit amoris hiems,

cold, Ov. H. 5, 34:

hiems rerum,

the storm of war, disturbance of war, Claud. B. Get. 151.—

Trouble, distress:

suae senectuti acriorem hiemem parat, quom illam inportunam tempestatem conciet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 7.

impŭdīcĭtĭa ( inp-), ae, f. [impudicus], unchasteness, immodesty, lewdness, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189; Tac. A. 5, 3; Gell. 18, 3, 1; Dig. 1, 6, 2; Tert. Spect. 17.—Esp., of unnatural vice, Suet. Caes. 52; id. Aug. 71; id. Vesp. 13.—

Transf., = impudentia, shamelessness:

scio fide hercle erili ut soleat inpudicitia opprobrari,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 11.

ĭn-auspĭcātus, a, um, adj.

At which no auspices were taken, without auspices:

lex,

Liv. 7, 6, 11.—Hence,

in-auspĭcāto, adv. (lit. abl. absol.), without consulting the auspices:

quod inauspicato pomoerium transgressus esset (Ti. Gracchus),

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33.—

Of bad omen, unlucky, inauspicious (only post-Aug.):

inauspicatarum animantium vice,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 4:

nomen,

id. 3, 23, 26, § 145:

exemplum,

id. 7, 16, 15, § 136:

garrulitas (cornicis),

id. 10, 12, 14, § 68:

bibente conviva mensam tolli inauspicatissimum judicatur,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 26.—

Unhoped for, unexpected (late Lat.):

successus,

Ennod. Ep. 1, 5:

bona,

id. ib. 4, 29.

impŭdīcĭtĭa ( inp-), ae, f. [impudicus], unchasteness, immodesty, lewdness, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189; Tac. A. 5, 3; Gell. 18, 3, 1; Dig. 1, 6, 2; Tert. Spect. 17.—Esp., of unnatural vice, Suet. Caes. 52; id. Aug. 71; id. Vesp. 13.—

Transf., = impudentia, shamelessness:

scio fide hercle erili ut soleat inpudicitia opprobrari,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 11.

insigne, is, n. [insignis], a mark, sign, signal; a distinctive mark, a badge of office (class.).

Lit.:

quod erat insigne, eum facere, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133:

Minerva singulare est insigne ejus gymnasii,

id. Att. 1, 4, 3:

bos in Aegypto etiam numinis vice colitur: Apim vocant. Insigne ei in dextro latere candicans macula,

Plin. 8, 46, 71, § 184.— Plur.:

sibi haberent honores... sibi triumphos, sibi alia praeclarae laudis insignia,

Cic. Pis. 9, 26.—

A sign or badge of office or honor, a decoration: bulla erat indicium et insigne fortunae, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; id. Div. 1, 17, 36; Liv. 25, 4; Suet. Aug. 35.—Esp. in plur., insignia, attire, uniform, costume, regalia, etc.:

sedebat cum purpura, et sceptro, et insignibus illis regiis,

Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

imperatoris,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

sacerdotum,

Liv. 3, 39:

pontificalia,

id. 10, 7: militaria, ornaments, probably on the helmets of the officers, Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

triumphorum,

Suet. Aug. 29:

majestatis,

Just. 10, 1, 3; cf.:

horum (mundi et caeli) insignia, sol, luna, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 100:

vocis,

the costume of a public singer, Juv. 8, 227. —

A standard: navem Bruti, quae ex insigni facile agnosci poterat, i. e. the flag of the admiral's ship, Caes. B. C. 2, 6.—

A signal:

in praetoria nave insigne nocturnum trium luminum fore,

Liv. 29, 25, 11.—

Trop., an honor:

insignia virtutis multi sine virtute adsecuti sunt,

Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 1:

laudis,

id. Sull. 9, 26:

orationis lumina et quodam modo insignia,

brilliant passages, gems, id. Or. 39, 135 (v. the context):

verborum et sententiarum insignia,

id. de Or. 2, 9, 36; 3, 25, 96 al.

măgister, tri (old orthog., ‡ magester, like ‡ leber, ‡ Menerva, for liber, Minerva, acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 17), m. [a double comparative in form, from magis, and comparative ending -ter; cf.: minister, sinister], a master, chief, head, superior, director, president, leader, commander, conductor, etc.:

quibus praecipua cura rerum incumbit, et qui magis quam ceteri diligentiam et sollicitudinem rebus, quibus praesunt, debent, hi magistri appellantur,

Dig. 50, 16, 57.

Lit.

In gen., the dictator in the earliest times was called magister populi, the chief of the people:

in Magistro populi faciendo, qui vulgo dictator appellatur... qui primus Magister a populo creatus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. optima lex, p. 198 Müll.: (sapiens) rectius appellabitur rex quam Tarquinius, qui nec se nec suos regere potuit: rectius magister populi (is enim dictator est) quam Sulla, qui trium pestiferorum vitiorum, luxuriae, avaritiae, crudelitatis magister fuit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 75; cf.

also below the passage,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

dictator quidem ab eo appellatur, quia dicitur: sed in nostris libris (sc. auguralibus) vides eum magistrum populi appellari,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 63 Creuz.; cf.

, with reference to this passage,

Sen. Ep. 108, 31:

Larcum moderatorem et magistrum consulibus appositum,

Liv. 2, 18, 5.—Magister equitum, the chief of the cavalry, appointed by the dictator:

magister equitum, quod summa potestas hujus in equites et accensos, ut est summa populi dictator, a quo is quoque magister populi appellatus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.:

dictator magistrum equitum dicit L. Tarquitium,

Liv. 3, 27; 7, 21 fin.;

23, 11: fumosi equitum magistri,

in a family tree, Juv. 8, 8.—So, magister peditum (analogous to magister equitum), chief of the infantry, Amm. 21, 12, 16. —The censor is called magister morum, master of morals, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 2:

magister sacrorum,

the chief priest, Liv. 39, 18 fin.; v. Drak. ad loc.; so,

PVBLICVS SACRORVM (or SACERDOTVM),

Inscr. Orell. 2351:

FRATRVM ARVALIVM,

ib. 2426:

SALIORVM,

ib. 2247; 2419:

LARVM AVGVSTI,

ib. 1661 et saep.:

curiae,

the overseer of a curia, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 29: vici, the overseer of a quarter or ward, Suet. Aug. 30:

chori canentium,

a head-chorister, leader of a choir, Col. 12, 2:

officiorum and operarum,

a superintendent, bailiff, id. 1, 18:

scripturae and in scripturā,

a director of a company of farmers-general, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3; id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; cf.: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, i. e. has performed the functions of a magister, was vice-director, id. Att. 11, 10, 1:

quaesivi, qui per eos annos magistri illius societatis fuissent,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

P. Rupilius, qui est magister in ea societate,

id. Fam. 13, 9, 2:

maximarum societatum auctor, plurimarum magister,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

pecoris,

a chief herdsman, Varr. R. R. 2, 10; cf. Verg. G. 3, 445:

elephanti,

conductor, Sil. 4, 616:

auctionis,

the director, superintendent, conductor of an auction, Cic. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

is quem putabant magistrum fore, si bona venirent,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3; 6, 1, 15; an officer charged with distributing money among the people, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 3.—Law t. t., an agent or assignee to dispose of a debtor's goods:

praetor jubet convenire creditores, et ex eo numero magistrum creari, id est eum per quem bona veneant,

Gai. Inst. 3, 79: convivii, the master or president of a feast, Varr. L. L. 5, § 122 Müll.; App. Mag. p. 336, 11: navis, the master or captain of a ship, Dig. 14, 1, 1; Gai. Inst. 4, 71;

so without navis,

Juv. 12, 79:

gubernatores et magistri navium,

Liv. 29, 25, 7; 45, 42, 3; the steersman, pilot:

ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister,

Verg. A. 5, 176; 1, 115; 6, 353; Val. Fl. 1, 18; 1, 382; Luc. 2, 696; Sil. 4, 719:

samnitium,

i. e. of the gladiators, a fencing-master, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86:

magistri tabernae,

innkeepers, Paul. Sent. 2, 8, 3.—In inscrr. are found also: fani, horreorum, collegii, memoriae, munerum, Augustalis, admissionum, epistolarum, libellorum, etc.; likewise: a bibliothecā, ab marmoribus, etc.—

In partic.

A teacher, instructor, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 8:

pueri apud magistros exercentur,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

artium lberalium magistri,

id. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.:

virtutis magistri,

id. Mur. 31, 65; id. N. D. 1, 26, 72:

rarum ac memorabile magni Gutturis exemplum conducendusque magister,

Juv. 2, 114.— Transf., of inanim. things:

magister mihi exercitor animus nunc est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 4; id. Curc. 2, 2, 8:

stilus optimus dicendi effector ac magister,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Pers. prol. 10:

timor, non diuturnus magister officii,

Cic. Phil. 2, 36, 90.—

An educator of children, a tutor, pedagogue:

senes me filiis relinquunt quasi magistrum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 21:

docendis publice juvenibus magister,

Gell. 19, 9, 2. —

A master, owner, keeper:

trepidumque magistrum In cavea magno fremitu leo tollet alumnus,

Juv. 14, 246.—

A master of his art, professor:

a tonsore magistro Pecteris,

Juv. 6, 26.—

Trop., an adviser, instigator, author of any thing (very rare):

si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem improbum,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 21:

magister ad despoliandum Dianae templum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—As adj.:

rituque magistro Plurima Niliacis tradant mendacia biblis,

Sedul. 1, 15.

mănus, ūs (dat. manu for manui:

alternae manu,

Prop. 1, 11, 12; 2, 1, 60), f. [root man-, ma-, to measure; Sanscr. ma, measure, moon; cf. Germ. Mond, moon, and O. H. Germ. mund, hand; Angl.-Sax. mund], a hand.

Lit.:

quam vero aptas, quamque multarum artium ministras manus natura homini dedit!

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:

vas in manus sumere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

Epicurum in manus sumere, i. e. scripta Epicuri,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:

pyxidem in manu tenere,

id. Cael. 26, 63:

manum porrigere ad tradendum aliquid,

id. ib.:

de manibus deponere,

to lay out of one's hands, lay down, id. Ac. 1, 1, 2. ponere, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

extorquere,

to wrest from one's hands, id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

e manibus dimittere,

to let go out of one's hands, id. Or. 30, 105: manum ad os apponere, i. e. to lay the finger on the lips in token of secrecy, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4: alicui in manu esse, to be obvious, clear:

neque mihi in manu Jugurtha qualis foret,

Sall. J. 14, 4:

(feminas) in manu esse parentium, fratrum, virorum,

subject to, Liv. 34, 2, 11; cf.:

minus filiae uxores sorores quibusdam in manu erunt,

id. 34, 7, 11: in manibus esse, to be in everybody's hands, to be well known:

est in manibus oratio,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

est in manibus laudatio,

id. Sen. 4, 12; id. Brut. 33, 125.—Also, to be near:

hostes sunt in manibus,

near to us, close by us, upon us, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 7; also, to be present: attendere, quae in manibus sunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 1; Verg. A. 10, 280: in manibus habere, to have in hand, to be engaged on a thing:

omnia, quae in manibus habebam, abjeci,

Cic. Att. 13, 47, 1:

habeo opus magnum in manibus,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus, in eam, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Cael. 27, 65:

milites bellum illud, quod erat in manibus, reliquisse,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:

dum occasio in manibus esset,

Liv. 7, 36, 10:

inimicorum in manibus mortuus est,

among, Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

manu tenere,

to know for certain, id. Brut. 80, 277.— Pass.:

manibus teneri,

to be certain, evident, Cic. Sest. 32, 69: habere in manibus, to fondle, caress, make much of:

sic in manibus (inimicum meum) habebant, sic fovebant, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

in manus venire,

to come to hand, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 1:

proelium in manibus facere,

to fight at close quarters, Sall. J. 57, 4:

ad manum habere,

to have at hand, have in readiness, Quint. 12, 5, 1:

ad manum esse,

at hand, in hand, near, Liv. 9, 19: ad manum venire or accedere, to come hand to hand, come to close quarters:

nonnumquam etiam res ad manus, atque ad pugnam veniebat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30:

ut venere in manus,

Tac. A. 2, 80:

ut ventum in manus,

id. H. 4, 71:

adire manum alicui, v. 1. adeo: ad manum intueri aliquid,

at hand, close by, hard by, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97:

prae manu or manibus,

at hand, in readiness, in hand, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 10; App. M. 6, p. 180, 32; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23; Gell. 19, 8:

quem servum ille habuit ad manum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225:

servus a manu,

i. e. a scribe, secretary, Suet. Caes. 74:

de manu dare,

to give with one's own hand, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37: de manu in manum quippiam tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, i. e. with great care, Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: manum ferulae subducere, to take the hand from the rod, i. e. to be too old for the rod, Juv. 1, 15: e manu (for eminus; opp. cominus), from a distance: quae mea cominus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 212 Vahl.): plenā manu, with a full or plentiful hand, bountifully, liberally:

plenā manu dare,

abundantly, Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 2; id. Ep. 120, 10; id. ad Polyb. 9, 7;

so trop.: Hortalus, quam plenā manu nostras laudes in astra sustulit,

Cic. Att. 2, 25, 1; so,

plenis manibus pecuniam largiri,

Lact. 3, 16, 15; cf.:

quemquam vacuis a se manibus abire pati,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 14, 5: manibus pedibusque aliquid facere (Greek pux kai lax), with hands and feet, i. e. with all one's power, with might and main, Ter. And. 1, 1, 134:

per manus,

with the hands, Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

per manus servulae,

by her assistance, Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3: per manus tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, from mouth to mouth, to hand down from father to son:

traditae per manus religiones,

Liv. 5, 51: per manus, also, by force, by main force, forcibly:

per manus libertatem retinere,

Sall. J. 31, 22: inter manus, in one's hands, under one's hands:

agger inter manus proferebatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2:

villa crescit inter manus,

Sen. Ep. 12, 1:

nihil adhuc inter manus habui cui majorem sollicitudinem praestare deberem,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 2:

scripta quae inter manus habes,

are occupied with, id. ib. 5, 5, 7.— Trop., palpable, evident:

ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras,

Verg. A. 11, 311; cf.:

manus inter parentum,

id. ib. 2, 681: inter manus, also, in one's hands, in one's arms:

abripite hunc intro actutum inter manus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 38:

e convivio auferri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28: sub manu and sub manum, at hand, near, readily, immediately, on the instant: Vocontii sub manu ut essent, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2:

quo celerius, ac sub manum annuntiari cognoscique posset, quid in provincia quāque gereretur, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 49; Sen. Ep. 71, 1: sub manus succedere, according to one's wish, [p. 1112] Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59: alicujus manu esse, to be from or by one's hand:

epistulae quae quidem erant tua manu,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf. id. ib. 8, 13, 1 (cf. II. C. infra): manu, with the hand, by hand, i. e. artificially, opp. to naturally, by nature: manu sata, i. e. by the hand of man, opp. to what grows wild. Caes. B. C. 3, 44:

urbs manu munitissima,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

quaedam ingenia manu, quod aiunt, facienda sunt,

Sen. Ep. 52, 1:

quidam et liberos ejurent et orbitatem manu faciant,

id. ad Marc. 19, 2: morbi, quos manu fecimus, i. e. which we produce by our own fault (e. g. by intemperance), Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 3: oratio manu facta, artificial, elaborate, opp. to natural, simple, id. Ep. 115, 2: manu mederi, to be a surgeon, Cels. praef. 1: manibus aequis or manu aequā, with equal advantage:

manibus aequis abscessum est,

Tac. A. 1, 63:

aequā manu discedere,

to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39, 4: manus afferre, to lay hands on; trop., to destroy or weaken:

qui diutius torqueri patitur, quem protinus potest liberare, beneficio suo manus affert,

Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 3:

manum inicere alicui,

to lay the hand on one, to detain, arrest him, Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48: manum dare, to give or lend a hand, to help, assist, Quint. 2, 3, 7: manus dare or dedere, to give the hands to be bound; hence, in gen., to give up, yield, surrender:

perpende, et, si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

Lucr. 2, 1043:

fateor, manus vobis do,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72:

donicum aut certe vicissent, aut victi manum dedissent,

Nep. Ham. 1; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 31; Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2; Ov. H. 4, 14; 17, 260; Verg. A. 11, 568; Lact. 5, 1, 3:

brevi manu,

immediately, without delay, Dig. 23, 3, 43, § 1:

longā manu,

slowly, tediously, ib. 46, 3, 79: manum tollere, to raise the hand in token of an intention to yield, to yield, submit: cedo et tollo manum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 28: manus tollere, to raise the hands in token of admiration or astonishment, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63: manus tendere ad aliquem, less freq. alicui, to stretch out the hands to one to implore assistance, Caes. B. G. 2, 13; Cic. Font. 17, 38:

quae Romanis manus tendebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 48:

dextram Italiae,

Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9:

manu sternere aliquem,

with the sword, Verg. A. 9, 702: utrāque manu, with both hands, i. e. willingly, readily, Mart. 1, 16, 9:

manus manum lavat,

one hand washes the other, one helps the other, Sen. Apoc. 9 fin.; Petr. c. 45, 13; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80: manum non vertere, not to turn the hand, prov. for to take no pains, make no effort:

qui se fatentur virtutis causā ne manum quidem versuros fuisse,

Cic. Fin. 5, 31, 93; cf. App. Mag. p. 311.

Transf.

The hand as the instrument used in fight; hence, personal valor, bravery:

ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86:

manu fortissimus,

Liv. 39, 40:

manu fortis,

Nep. Dat. 1, 3:

manu vincere,

Ov. M. 1, 448:

manu capere urbes,

by force of arms, Sall. J. 5, 5:

manum committere Teucris,

to fight, Verg. A. 12, 60; so,

conserere manum,

Liv. 21, 39; 25, 11; 27, 33:

conferre manum,

Liv. 10, 43; Verg. A. 12, 345:

in proelia Ferre manum,

id. ib. 5, 403; cf.:

et vice teli saevit nuda manus,

Juv. 15, 54.—

Force, violence, fighting, close combat:

res venit ad manus atque ad pugnam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

venire ad manum,

Liv. 2, 30:

accedere ad manum,

Nep. Eum. 5:

in manus venire,

to come to an engagement, come to close quarters, Sall. J. 89, 2:

pugna jam ad manus venerat,

Liv. 2, 46:

non manu, neque vi,

force, violence, Sall. J. 31, 18; so Tac. Agr. 9.—

Of the hand of an artist:

manus extrema non accessit ejus operibus,

the last hand, the finishing touch, Cic. Brut. 33, 126: aptius a summā conspiciare manu, when you have given yourself the finishing touch, i. e. have completed your toilet, Ov. A. A. 3, 225:

carmen nondum recepit ultimam manum,

has not yet received the last polish, Petr. 118.—Hence, extremam bello Imponere manum, to put the finishing hand to the war, to bring it to a close, Verg. A. 7, 573.—Prov.: manum de tabula, lit., the hand from the picture, i. e. enough, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1.—

A hand, handwriting; in gen., work, workmanship:

librarii manus,

Cic. Att. 8, 13, 1: Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, id. ib. 7, 2, 3:

manum suam cognovit,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 12:

propter emissam ab eis manum,

Dig. 22, 3, 15:

Praxitelis manus, Scopaeque,

Mart. 4, 39, 3:

artificum,

Verg. A. 1, 455.—

For pars, a side:

est ad hanc manum sacellum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 37:

a laeva conspicienda manu,

Ov. A. A. 3, 307. —

In throwing dice, a stake: quas manus remisi, to throw up the stakes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71.—

In fencing, a thrust, hit, blow:

rectae, aversae, tectaeque manus,

Quint. 9, 1, 20:

prima, secunda, tertia, quarta,

the prime, second, tierce, quart, id. 5, 13, 54.—

The trunk of an elephant:

manus etiam data elephantis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120; Curt. 8, 14, 27; Sil. 9, 628.—

The fore-paws of bears, Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130.—

The branches on a tree:

(platanus) cui lnnumerae manus,

Stat. S. 2, 3, 39:

fraxineae,

Pall. Insit. 60.—

In milit. lang.: ferreae manus, iron hooks with which an enemy's ship was grappled, grappling-irons:

manus ferreas atque harpagones paraverant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57:

in advenientes hostium naves ferreas manus inicere,

Liv. 36, 44 fin.:

manus ferreas excogitare,

Front. Strat. 2, 3, 24; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 209; Curt. 4, 9, 2; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 38; Luc. 3, 635.—

Also milit., an armed force, corps of soldiers:

si nova manus cum veteribus copiis se conjunxisset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 37:

magnam manum conducere,

id. ib. 5, 27:

Hasdrubalem propediem affore cum manu haudquaquam contemnenda,

Liv. 30, 7 fin.; id. 44, 27.—

Beyond the milit. sphere, in gen., a body, host, number, company, multitude:

Romam veniet cum magna manu,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 6:

evocatorum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 3:

manus ad Quirinalia paratur,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 4; cf.:

manum facere, copias parare,

id. Caecin. 12, 33:

manus bonorum,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

Judaeorum,

id. Fl. 28, 66:

conjuratorum,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 12:

bicorpor,

i. e. the Centaurs, id. Tusc. 2, 9, 22:

purpuratorum et satellitum,

Liv. 42, 51:

magna clientium,

Suet. Tib. 1:

comitum,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 262:

juvenum,

Verg. A. 6, 5.—

Labor, hands, i. e. workmen:

nos aera, manus, navalia demus,

Verg. A. 11, 329:

quale manus addunt ebori decus,

id. ib. 1, 592.—

Power:

haec non sunt in nostra manu,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3; cf.: in tua manu est, it rests with you, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

juxta deos in tua manu positum est,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

victoria in manu nobis est,

depends on, Sall. C. 20, 10:

in vostra manu situm,

id. J. 31; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 43:

in manu esse mihi,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 67. —

In partic., in jurid. lang., the legal power of a husband over his wife, the manus:

in potestate quidem et masculi et feminae esse solent: in manum autem feminae tantum conveniunt. Olim itaque tribus modis in manum conveniebant: usu, farreo, coëmptione, etc.,

Gai. Inst. 1, 108 sq.; Cic. Fl. 34, 84 al.—

Law t. t., manūs injectio, i. e. an arrest: per manus injectionem agebatur, Gai Inst. 4, 21: ob eam rem ego tibi sestertium X. milium judicati manus inicio, Vet. Form. ap. Gai. ib.

mānus, i. q. bonus, Varr. L. L. 6, 2, 4; Macr. S. 1, 3, 13; Isid. 5, 30, 14; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 139; 2, 286; v. ‡ cerus manus.

mergo, si, sum, 3, v. a. [cf. Sanscr. madsh-, majan, to dip; Zend, masga, marrow; Germ. Mark; Engl. marrow], to dip, dip in, immerse; absol. also to plunge into water, to sink.

Lit. (class.):

eos (pullos) mergi in aquam jussit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

aves, quae se in mari mergunt,

id. ib. 2, 49, 124:

putealibus undis,

Ov. Ib. 391:

Stygia undā,

id. M. 10, 697:

prodigia indomitis merge sub aequoribus,

Tib. 2, 5, 80:

ab hoc (the sword-fish) perfossas naves mergi,

Plin. 32, 2, 6, § 15:

mersa navis omnes destituit,

Curt. 4, 8, 8:

mersa carina,

Luc. 3, 632:

cum coepisset mergi,

Vulg. Matt. 14, 30:

in immensam altitudinem mergi, ac sine ulla respirandi vice perpeti maria,

Sen. Dial. 4, 12, 4:

naves,

Eutr. 2, 20:

partem classis,

Vell. 2, 42, 2:

pars maxima classis mergitur,

Luc. 3, 753 sq.:

nec me deus aequore mersit,

Verg. A. 6, 348:

sub aequora,

Ov. M. 13, 948; Luc. 3, 753:

ter matutino Tiberi mergetur,

bathe, Juv. 6, 523.— Poet., of overwhelming waters, to engulf, swallow up, overwhelm, etc.:

sic te mersuras adjuvet ignis aquas,

Ov. Ib. 340:

mersa rate,

Juv. 14, 302.—

Transf.

To sink down, sink in, to plunge, thrust, or drive in, to fix in, etc. ( poet. and post-Aug. prose):

palmitem per jugum mergere, et alligare,

to thrust, push, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aliquem ad Styga,

Sen. Thyest. 1007:

manum in ora (ursae),

to thrust into, Mart. 3, 19, 4:

mersisque in corpore rostris Dilacerant (canes) falsi dominum sub imagine cervi,

Ov. M. 3, 249: fluvius in Euphratem mergitur, runs or empties into, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 128: visceribus ferrum. to thrust into, Claud. ap. Eutr. 1, 447.—Of heavenly bodies, etc.:

Bootes, Qui vix sero alto mergitur Oceano,

sinks into, Cat. 66, 68.—

In partic., to hide, conceal:

mersitque suos in cortice vultus,

Ov. M. 10, 498:

vultum,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1348:

diem or lucem, of the setting of the sun,

id. Thyest. 771:

terra caelum mergens, i. e. occidentalis, because there the sky seems to sink into the sea,

Luc. 4, 54. —Of those on board a vessel: mergere Pelion et templum, i. e. to sail away from until they sink below the horizon:

condere,

Val. Fl. 2, 6.—

Trop., to plunge into, sink, overwhelm, cover, bury, immerse, drown:

aliquem malis,

Verg. A. 6, 512:

funere acerbo,

to bring to a painful death, id. ib. 11, 28:

mergi in voluptates,

to plunge into, yield one's self up to sensual delights, Curt. 10, 3, 9:

se in voluptates,

Liv. 23, 18:

mergit longa atque insignis honorum pagina,

Juv. 10, 57.—Esp. in part. pass.:

Alexander mersus secundis rebus,

overwhelmed with prosperity, Liv. 9, 18:

vino somnoque mersi jacent,

dead drunk and buried in sleep, id. 41, 3; Luc. 1, 159; cf.:

lumina somno,

Val. Fl. 8, 66:

cum mergeretur somno,

Vulg. Act. 20, 9.—Esp. of those whose fortune is swallowed up in debts or debauchery: mersus foro, bankrupt, Plaut [p. 1137] Ep. 1, 2, 13:

aere paterno Ac rebus mersis in ventrem,

Juv. 11, 39:

censum domini,

Plin. 9, 17, 31, § 67:

mergentibus sortem usuris,

sinking, destroying his capital, Liv. 6, 14:

ut mergantur pupilli,

be robbed of their fortune, ruined, Dig. 27, 4, 3:

mersis fer opem rebus,

bring aid to utter distress, Ov. M. 1, 380.—Of drinking to excess:

potatio quae mergit,

Sen. Ep. 12.

morbus, i, m. [Sanscr. mar-, die; Gr. brotos (for mrotos), marainô; cf. morior, marceo], a sickness, disease, disorder, distemper, ailment, illness, malady, of body or mind (class.).

Corporeal:

morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem: aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate: vitium cum partes corporis inter se dissident: ex quo pravitas membrorum, distortio, deformitas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 28: morbus est habitus cujusque corporis contra naturam, qui usum ejus facit deteriorem, Labeo ap. Gell. 4, 2, 3:

morbi aegrotationesque,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 10, 23:

aeger morbo gravi,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

in morbo esse,

to be sick, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9:

morbo affectum esse,

id. Div. 1, 30, 63:

corporis gravioribus morbis vitae jucunditas impeditur,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 59:

animi valentes morbo tentari non possunt, corpora possunt,

id. Tusc. 4, 14, 31:

affligi,

id. Pis. 35, 85:

urgeri,

id. Fat. 9, 17:

tabescere,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 84:

languere,

Lucr. 6, 1221:

conflictari,

Nep. Dion. 2, 4:

in morbum cadere,

to fall sick, Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

incidere,

id. Clu. 62, 175:

delabi,

id. Att. 7, 5, 1:

morbum nancisci,

Nep. Att. 21, 1:

morbo consumi,

id. Reg. 2, 1:

perire,

id. ib. 3, 3:

mori,

id. Them. 10, 4:

absumi,

Sall. J. 5, 6:

confici,

id. ib. 9, 4:

opprimi,

Cic. Clu. 7, 22:

homo aeger morbo gravi,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

ex morbo convalescere,

to recover, id. Fam. 13, 29, 4:

a morbo valere,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26:

morbum depellere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

levare,

to alleviate, relieve, Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 57:

amplior fit,

becomes more violent, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 50:

adgravescit,

id. ib. 3, 2, 2:

ingravescit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

comitialis or major,

epilepsy, Cels. 3, 23:

regius,

the jaundice, id. 3, 24: in morbo consumat, a form of imprecation, may he spend it (the money) in sickness, Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2.—

Mental.

Disease, a fault, vice, etc.: animi morbi sunt cupiditates immensae, et inanes, divitiarum, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 59:

morbum et insaniam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:

nomen insaniae significat mentis aegrotationem et morbum,

id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9:

hic morbus qui est in re publicā, ingravescet,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

ut, si qui aegrotet, quo morbo Barrus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 30:

maxima pars hominum morbo jactatur eodem,

id. ib. 2, 3, 121:

qui vultu morbum incessuque fatetur,

Juv. 2, 17.—

Grief, sorrow, distress:

quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id efficere perpetrat, Id illi morbo, id illi senio est,

affliction, distress, Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12; cf.:

salvere me jubes, quoi tu abiens offers morbum?

id. As. 3, 3, 3.—

Trop., of trees, plants, etc.:

infestantur namque et arbores morbis,

a disease, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 116 al. —

Morbus, personified as a deity, the son of Erebus and Nox, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; Hyg. Fab. praef.; Sen. Herc. Fur. 694; cf. Verg. A. 6, 275; Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 323.

morbus, i, m. [Sanscr. mar-, die; Gr. brotos (for mrotos), marainô; cf. morior, marceo], a sickness, disease, disorder, distemper, ailment, illness, malady, of body or mind (class.).

Corporeal:

morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem: aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate: vitium cum partes corporis inter se dissident: ex quo pravitas membrorum, distortio, deformitas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 28: morbus est habitus cujusque corporis contra naturam, qui usum ejus facit deteriorem, Labeo ap. Gell. 4, 2, 3:

morbi aegrotationesque,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 10, 23:

aeger morbo gravi,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

in morbo esse,

to be sick, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9:

morbo affectum esse,

id. Div. 1, 30, 63:

corporis gravioribus morbis vitae jucunditas impeditur,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 59:

animi valentes morbo tentari non possunt, corpora possunt,

id. Tusc. 4, 14, 31:

affligi,

id. Pis. 35, 85:

urgeri,

id. Fat. 9, 17:

tabescere,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 84:

languere,

Lucr. 6, 1221:

conflictari,

Nep. Dion. 2, 4:

in morbum cadere,

to fall sick, Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

incidere,

id. Clu. 62, 175:

delabi,

id. Att. 7, 5, 1:

morbum nancisci,

Nep. Att. 21, 1:

morbo consumi,

id. Reg. 2, 1:

perire,

id. ib. 3, 3:

mori,

id. Them. 10, 4:

absumi,

Sall. J. 5, 6:

confici,

id. ib. 9, 4:

opprimi,

Cic. Clu. 7, 22:

homo aeger morbo gravi,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

ex morbo convalescere,

to recover, id. Fam. 13, 29, 4:

a morbo valere,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26:

morbum depellere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 2:

levare,

to alleviate, relieve, Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 57:

amplior fit,

becomes more violent, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 50:

adgravescit,

id. ib. 3, 2, 2:

ingravescit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

comitialis or major,

epilepsy, Cels. 3, 23:

regius,

the jaundice, id. 3, 24: in morbo consumat, a form of imprecation, may he spend it (the money) in sickness, Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2.—

Mental.

Disease, a fault, vice, etc.: animi morbi sunt cupiditates immensae, et inanes, divitiarum, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 59:

morbum et insaniam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:

nomen insaniae significat mentis aegrotationem et morbum,

id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9:

hic morbus qui est in re publicā, ingravescet,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

ut, si qui aegrotet, quo morbo Barrus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 30:

maxima pars hominum morbo jactatur eodem,

id. ib. 2, 3, 121:

qui vultu morbum incessuque fatetur,

Juv. 2, 17.—

Grief, sorrow, distress:

quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id efficere perpetrat, Id illi morbo, id illi senio est,

affliction, distress, Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12; cf.:

salvere me jubes, quoi tu abiens offers morbum?

id. As. 3, 3, 3.—

Trop., of trees, plants, etc.:

infestantur namque et arbores morbis,

a disease, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 116 al. —

Morbus, personified as a deity, the son of Erebus and Nox, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; Hyg. Fab. praef.; Sen. Herc. Fur. 694; cf. Verg. A. 6, 275; Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 323.

nūbo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a. and n. (acc. to Prisc. p. 789 P., the ancients used the construction nubere aliquem; hence part. pass.: nuptus, a, um; v. fin.) [root in Sanscr. nabhas; Germ. Nebei; Gr. nephos, nephelê; Lat.: nubes, nebula, nimbus; cf. numphê], to cover, veil.

In gen. (very rare):

jubet ut udae virgines nubant rosae. Auct. Pervig. Ven. 22: quod aqua nubat terram,

Arn. 3, 118.—

In partic., of a bride: alicui, to cover, veil herself for the bridegroom, i. e. to be married to him; to marry, wed (class. and freq.); constr. with dat. or absol.: nuptam esse; also with cum; post-class. also with apud:

quo illae nubent divites Dotatae?

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 15:

virgo nupsit ei, cui Caecilia nupta fuerat,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

deam homini nubere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 27: locuples quae nupsit avaro,

Juv. 6, 141; 591:

regis Parthorum filius, quocum esset nupta regis Armeniorum soror,

Cic. Fam. 15, 3, 1:

Amphitruo... Quicum Alcumenast nupta,

Plaut. Am. prol. 99:

dum cum illo nupta eris,

id. As. 5, 2, 20:

cum in familiam clarissimam nupsisses,

Cic. Cael. 14, 34:

in familiae luctum,

id. Clu. 66, 188:

ut una apud duos nupta esset,

Gell. 1, 23, 8:

si qua voles apte nubere, nube pari,

Ov. H. 9, 32:

posse ipsam Liviam statuere nubendum post Drusum,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

tu nube atque tace,

Juv. 2, 61.—In the sup.:

nam quo dedisti nuptum, abire nolumus,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83; cf.:

uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur,

id. ib. 1, 2, 85:

Mamilio filiam nuptum dat,

Liv. 1, 49:

ultro nuptum ire,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 86:

nuptum locare virginem,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 25:

propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocāsse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18: nuptum mitti, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess.— Impers. pass.:

cujusmodi hic cum famā facile nubitur,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 58: praestruxit, hic quidem nubi, ubi sit et mori, Tert. c. Marc. 4, 38.— Pers.:

neque nubent neque nubentur,

Vulg. Matt. 22, 30. —

Transf.

Of a man, to marry, be married ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pontificem maximum rursus nubere nefas est,

Tert. ad Uxor. 1, 7:

nec filii sine consensu patrum rite et jure nubent,

id. ib. 2, 11; Hier. Ep. 22, n. 19; Vulg. Luc. 20, 34: viri nupti, Varr. ap. Non. 480. 3.—So, comically, of a man who is ruled by his wife, Non. 143, 24 sq.:

uxorem quare locupletem ducere nolim, Quaeritis? uxori nubere nolo meae,

will not be my wife's wife, Mart. 8, 12, 2.—Also of unnatural vice:

nubit amicus, Nec multos adhibet,

Juv. 2, 134; Mart. 12, 42; Lampr. Heliog. 10; Cod. Just. 9, 9, 31.—

In mal. part.:

haec cotidie viro nubit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 45; cf. id. Cas. 2, 8, 45 sqq.; Mart. 1, 24, 4.—

Of plants, to be wedded, i. e. tied to others:

vites in Campano agro populis nubunt,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 10:

et te, Bacche, tuos nubentem junget ad ulmos,

Manil. 5, 238:

populus alba vitibus nupta,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 266.—Hence, nuptus, a, um, P. a., married, wedded:

ex quā hic est puer et nupta jam filia,

Cic. Sest. 3, 6.— Subst.: nūpta, ae, f., a married woman, bride, wife:

nova nupta,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 33; Juv. 2, 120:

pudica,

Liv. 3, 45, 6; Ov. F. 2, 794:

nupta virum timeat,

id. A. A. 3, 613; Tac. G. 18; Sen. Contr. 3, 21, 9; Juv. 6, 269; 3, 45.—Comically, in the masc.:

novus nuptus, of a man married in jest as a woman to another man,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 6 (cited in Prisc. p. 789 P.).— Transf.: nupta verba, which should not be spoken by the unmarried, Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.

ob-noxĭus, a, um, adj.

Lit.

Subject, liable to punishment, obnoxious to punishment, punishable: obnoxius poenae obligatus ob delictum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 191 Müll.:

ego tibi me obnoxium esse fateor culpae compotem,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 61; Dig. 48, 15, 1:

ego lege Aquiliā obnoxius sum,

ib. 11, 3, 14.—

Liable or addicted to a fault or failing, guilty of it (cf.: deditus, addictus); constr.

With dat.:

animus neque delicto neque lubidini obnoxius,

not addicted to vice or to sensual pleasures, Sall. C. 52, 21:

communi culpae,

Ov. A. A. 1, 395:

facto,

Tib. 3, 4, 15.—

With gen.:

obnoxios criminum, digno supplicio subjectos, sepulturae tradi non vetamus,

for, on account of, Cod. Just. 3, 44, 11.—

Transf., in gen.

Subject, submissive, obedient, complying:

dum illos obnoxios fidosque sibi faceret,

Sall. C. 14, 6:

obnoxium atque subjectum esse alicui,

Liv. 7, 30, 2; 6, 28, 7; 23, 12, 9; 37, 53, 4; 42, 46, 3; Flor. 4, 4, 2. —

Obliged, under obligation, beholden, indebted, responsible, answerable:

uxori obnoxius sum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 22:

totam Graeciam beneficio libertatis obnoxiam Romanis esse,

Liv. 35, 31:

fratris radiis obnoxia Luna,

Verg. G. 1, 396:

facies nullis obnoxia gemmis,

not indebted to any jewels, Prop. 1, 2, 21:

tantum in eo obnoxius est, si quid ipse dolo fecerit,

Gai. Inst. 3, 207.—

Exposed to a person, humbled before one:

ne obnoxius filio sim et servo,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 80.—

Submissive, abject, servile, slavish, mean-spirited, timid, cowardly, etc.:

non quibus ego essem obnoxius,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 150:

summissaeque manus, faciesque obnoxia mansit,

Ov. M. 5, 235:

si aut superbus, aut obnoxius videar,

Liv. 23, 12:

pax,

servile, dishonorable, id. 9, 10.—

Subject, liable, exposed, obnoxious to any thing; with dat., ad, or in and acc.

With dat.:

infidis consiliis obnoxius,

Tac. H. 3, 55:

insidiis,

id. A. 14, 40:

infelici fecunditate fortunae,

exposed, id. ib. 2, 75:

aemulationi, odio, privatis affectionibus,

id. ib. 3, 58:

morbo,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 221:

contumeliis,

Suet. Tib. 63:

bello,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 73:

plerique Crasso ex negotiis privatis obnoxii,

Sall. C. 48, 5:

urbs artis itineribus (sc. incendiis),

Tac. A. 15, 38.—

With ad: terra solida ad tales casus obnoxia, exposed to such accidents (viz. earthquakes), Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 197.—

With in and acc.:

in omnia obnoxius,

exposed to every thing, Flor. 3, 20, 1. —

In gen., exposed or liable to injury, danger, or misfortune, weak, infirm, frail:

in hoc obnoxio domicilio animus liber habitat,

Sen. Ep. 65, 21:

supplex et obnoxius,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6:

corpora,

sickly, weakly, Plin. 31, 6, 32, § 60:

flos,

which soon falls off, soon suffers injury, frail, delicate, id. 14, 2, 4, § 27.—

Obnoxium est, it is hazardous, dangerous, Tac. Or. 10.— Comp.:

obnoxior (al. noxior),

Sen. Clem. 1, 13.—Hence, adv.: obnoxĭē (only in Plaut. and Liv.).

Guiltily, culpably:

nihil obnoxie perire,

quite innocently, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 41.—

Submissively, slavishly, timidly:

sententias dicere,

Liv. 3, 39, 1.

ob-trunco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to cut off, lop away; to trim, prune.

Lit. (post-Aug. and very rare):

vitem,

Col. 4, 29, 13.—

In gen., to cut down, cut to pieces, kill, slay, slaughter (not in Cic. or Cæs.;

syn.: trucido, jugulo, occido): ipsus Amphitruo optruncavit regem Pterelam in proelio,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259: (Medea) puerum interea obtruncat, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67: ceteri vice pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 497, 27:

caedere alios, alios obtruncare,

id. J. 97, 5:

regem,

Liv. 1, 5:

(hostes),

Sall. J. 67, 2:

cervos ferro,

Verg. G. 3, 374:

gallum,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 7, 26, 5; 8, 24, 9; 10, 38, 11; Curt. 6, 1, 1; Just. 16, 5, 15; Tac. H. 1, 80; 3, 12.