verses

as-sĕro ( ads-, K. and H., Müller), sēvi, situm, 3, v. a., to sow, plant, or set near something (very rare;

not in Cic.), Agroet. de Orthogr. p. 2274 P.: vites,

Cato, R. R. 32 fin.:

vitis adsita ad olus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 16 fin.:

vites propter cupressos,

id. ib. 1, 26: Lenta quin velut adsitas Vitis implicat arbores, * Cat. 61, 102: populus adsita certis Limitibus, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 170 (quippe quae vitibus maritaretur, Agroet. l. c.).

as-sĕro ( ads-, Ritschl, Fleckeisen, Merk., Halm, Weissenb.), sĕrŭi, sertum, 3, v. a., to join some person or thing to one's self; hence,

As a jurid. t. t. (so this word is most freq. found; cf. assertor and assertio).

Aliquem manu, in libertatem or liberali causā (also merely manu, and finally absol. adserere), to declare one (a slave) to be free by laying hands upon him, to set free, to liberate:

adserere manu in libertatem...,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:

qui in libertatem adserebant,

Suet. Vit. 10:

se adserit in libertatem,

Dig. 47, 10, 11 fin.:

in iis qui adserantur in libertatem, quia quivis lege agere possit, id juris esse,

Liv. 3, 45; so,

in ingenuitatem,

Suet. Aug. 74:

se ingenuitati,

Dig. 40, 14, 2:

manu eas adserat Suas populares liberali causā,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 83:

manuque liberali causā ambas adseras,

id. ib. 5, 2, 142: si quisquam hanc liberali adseruisset manu, id. Curc. 5, 2, 68:

ego liberali illam adsero causā manu,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40: cum in causā liberali eum, qui adserebatur cognatum, suum esse diceret, * Cic. Fl. 17, 40:

neminem venire, qui istas adsereret manu,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 11:

illam a lenone adserito manu,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 83;

and transf.: pisces manu adserere,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 34:

adserui jam me fugique catenas,

Ov. Am. 3, 11, 3 Merk.; Suet. Vesp. 3; id. Gram. 21.—

Aliquem in servitutem, to declare one to be a slave by laying the hand upon him, to claim as a slave:

M. Claudio clienti negotium dedit (Ap. Claudius), ut virginem in servitutem adsereret,

Liv. 3, 44; so Suet. Tib. 2; Liv. 34, 18; 35, 16 fin. —

After the poets of the Aug. per., transf. from the judicial sphere to common life.

(Acc. to I. A.) To free from, to protect, defend, defend against (esp. freq. in Flor. and Suet.):

habe ante oculos mortalitatem, a quā adserere te hoc uno munimento potes,

Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 4:

se ab injuriā oblivionis,

id. ib. 3, 5, 9:

liberatae Italiae adsertique imperii nuntius,

Flor. 3, 3, 19:

post adsertam a Manlio, restitutam a Camillo urbem,

id. 1, 13, 19:

Latini quoque Tarquinios adserebant,

id. 1, 11, 1:

Gracchanas leges,

id. 3, 16, 1:

easdem leges,

id. 3, 17, 1; so id. 2, 18, 16; 3, 3, 19; 3, 17, 4:

dignitatem,

Suet. Caes. 16 (cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 7, and Suet. Caes. 33:

defendere dignitatem,

id. ib. 72:

tueri dignitatem): senatus in adserendā libertate consensit,

in the restoring of freedom, Suet. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 10:

namque adserit urbes sola fames (liberas facit urbes contra dominos, Schol.),

Luc. 3, 56:

hoc focale tuas adserat auriculas,

i. e. guard against the hearing of bad verses, Mart. 14, 142:

non te cucullis adseret caput tectum (sc. a basiis),

id. 11, 99.—

(Acc. to I. B.) Aliquid sibi, to appropriate something to one's self, to claim, declare it one's own possession: nec laudes adsere nostras, claim not for yourself, etc., Ov. M. 1, 462:

haec (gaudia) utrāque manu complexuque adsere toto,

Mart. 1, 16, 9; and (per hypallagen): me adsere caelo, appoint me to the skies, i. e. declare me to be of celestial origin, Ov. M. 1, 761.—In prose, Vell. 2, 60 Runhk.; cf. Val. Max. 4, 4, 4:

Unus hominum ad hoc aevi Felicis sibi cognomen adseruit L. Sulla,

Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 137:

sapientis sibi nomen adseruit,

Quint. 12, 1, 20:

sibi artem figurarum,

id. 9, 3, 64:

ipse te in alto isto pinguique secessu studiis adseris?

are you devoting yourself? Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 3:

dominationem sibi,

Suet. Oth. 9:

divinam majestatem sibi,

id. Calig. 22:

Gallaeci Graecam sibi originem adserunt,

Just. 44, 3.—

In gen., to maintain, affirm, assert, declare; diabebaioumai, Gloss.:

non haec Colchidos adserit furorem, Diri prandia nec refert Thyestae,

Mart. 10, 35:

Epicharmus testium malis hanc utilissime imponi adserit,

Plin. 20, 9, 34, § 89, where Jan conjectures ait:

mollissimum quemque beatum fore adserebant,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 28, 8; so id. ib. 3, 5:

non vacat adserere quae finxeris,

Quint. Decl. 7, 6; Pall. 1, 19, 3; so Veg. 1, 17, 4; 1, 17, 5; 5, 25, 1 al.

auctor (incorrectly written autor or author), ōris, comm. [id.], he that brings about the existence of any object, or promotes the increase or prosperity of it, whether he first originates it, or by his efforts gives greater permanence or continuance to it; to be differently translated according to the object, creator, maker, author, inventor, producer, father, founder, teacher, composer, cause, voucher, supporter, leader, head, etc. (syn.: conditor, origo, consiliarius, lator, suasor, princeps, dux).

Lit.

Of persons, a progenitor, father, ancestor:

L. Brutus, praeclarus auctor nobilitatis tuae,

the founder, progenitor of your nobility, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:

generis,

Verg. A. 4, 365; so Ov. M. 4, 640, and Suet. Vit. 2:

tu sanguinis ultimus auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49; so Ov. M. 12, 558, and 13, 142:

tantae propaginis,

id. F. 3, 157:

originis,

Suet. Ner. 1:

gentis,

id. Claud. 25:

auctores parentes animarum,

Vulg. Sap. 12, 6:

auctore ab illo ducit originem,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 5:

Sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor,

id. ib. 1, 2, 36:

mihi Tantalus auctor,

Ov. M. 6, 172:

auctores saxa fretumque tui,

id. H. 10, 132:

Juppiter e terrā genitam mentitur, ut auctor Desinat inquiri,

id. M. 1, 615.—Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 1.—

Of buildings, etc., founder, builder:

Trojae Cynthius auctor,

Verg. G. 3, 36:

murorum Romulus auctor,

Prop. 5, 6, 43 ( augur, Müll.):

auctor posuisset in oris Moenia,

Ov. M. 15, 9:

porticus auctoris Livia nomen habet,

id. A. A. 1, 72:

amphitheatri,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 118:

omnia sub titulo tantum suo ac sine ullā pristini auctoris memoriā,

Suet. Dom. 5.—

Of works of art, a maker, artist:

statua auctoris incerti,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93: apparuit summam artis securitatem auctori placaisse, id. praef. § 27.—

Transf.

In gen., the originator, executor, performer, doer, cause, occasion of other things (freq. interchanged with actor):

tametsi haud quaquam par gloriá sequitur scriptorem et auctorem rerum, tamen etc.,

Sall. C. 3, 2 Kritz (cf. without rerum: Suam quisque culpam auctores ad negotia transferunt, id. J. 1, 4):

praeclari facinoris,

Vell. 2, 120, 6:

facti,

Ov. M. 9, 206; Vell. 1, 8:

cum perquirerent auctorem facti,

Vulg. Jud. 6, 29:

optimi statūs auctor,

Suet. Aug. 28:

honoris,

Ov. M. 10, 214:

vitae,

Vulg. Act. 3, 15:

salutis,

ib. Heb. 2, 10:

fidei,

ib. ib. 12, 2:

funeris,

Ov. M. 10, 199:

necis,

id. ib. 8, 449;

9, 214: mortis,

id. ib. 8, 493:

vulneris,

id. ib. 5, 133;

8, 418: plagae,

id. ib. 3, 329:

seditionis sectae,

Vulg. Act. 24, 5.—Also, in gen., one from whom any thing proceeds or comes:

auctor in incerto est: jaculum de parte sinistrā Venit,

i. e. the sender, Ov. M. 12, 419; so,

teli,

id. ib. 8, 349:

muneris,

the giver, id. ib. 2, 88;

5, 657, 7, 157 al.: meritorum,

id. ib. 8, 108 al.—

An investigator:

non sordidus auctor Naturae verique,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 14.—And as imparting learning, a teacher:

quamquam in antiquissimā philosophiā Cratippo auctore versaris,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 8:

dicendi gravissimus auctor et magister Plato,

id. Or. 3, 10:

divini humanique juris auctor celeberrimus,

Vell. 2, 26, 2:

Servius Sulpicius, juris civilis auctor,

Gell. 2, 10; Dig. 19, 1, 39; 40, 7, 36.—

The author of a writing, a writer:

ii quos nunc lectito auctores,

Cic. Att. 12, 18:

ingeniosus poëta et auctor valde bonus,

id. Mur. 14:

scripta auctori perniciosa suo,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 68:

Belli Alexandrini Africique et Hispaniensis incertus auctor est,

Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 31:

sine auctore notissimi versus,

i. e. anonymous verses, id. ib. 70; so id. Calig. 8; id. Dom. 8 al.— Meton. of cause for effect, for a literary production, writing, work:

in evolvendis utriusque linguae auctoribus, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 89. —In partic., the author of historical works, an historian (with and without rerum):

ego cautius posthac historiam attingam, te audiente, quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44; so,

Matrem Antoniam non apud auctores rerum, non diurnā actorum scripturā reperio ullo insigni officio functam,

Tac. A. 3, 3; 3, 30 (diff. from auctor rerum in II. A.):

Polybius bonus auctor in primis,

Cic. Off. 3, 32, 113; so Nep. Them. 10, 4; Liv. 4, 20; Tac. A. 5, 9; 14, 64 al.—With historiae (eccl. Lat.):

historiae congruit auctori,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 2, 31.—Hence, in gen., one that gives an account of something, a narrator, reporter, informant (orally or in writing):

sibi insidias fieri: se id certis auctoribus comperisse,

Cic. Att. 14, 8:

celeberrimos auctores habeo tantam victoribus irreverentiam fuisse, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

criminis ficti auctor, i. e. nuntius,

Ov. M. 7, 824:

Non haec tibi nuntiat auctor Ambiguus,

id. ib. 11, 666; 12, 58; 12, 61; 12, 532.—Hence, auctorem esse, with acc. and inf., to relate, recount:

Auctores sunt ter novenis punctis interfici hominem,

Plin. 11, 21, 24, § 73:

Fabius Rustiçus auctor est scriptos esse ad Caecinam Tuscum codicillos,

Tac. A. 13, 20:

Auctor est Julius Marathus ante paucos quam nasceretur menses prodigium Romae factum (esse) publice, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 94 et saep.—

One by whose influence, advice, command, etc., any thing is done, the cause, occasion, contriver, instigator, counsellor, adviser, promoter; constr. sometimes with ut, acc. and inf., or gen. gerund.: quid mihi es auctor ( what do you counsel me?) huic ut mittam? Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 2; 4, 7, 70; id. Poen. 1, 3, 1:

idne estis auctores mihi?

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 16:

mihique ut absim, vehementer auctor est,

Cic. Att. 15, 5:

Gellium ipsis (philosophis) magno opere auctorem fuisse, ut controversiarum facerent modum,

id. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

ut propinqui de communi sententiā coërcerent, auctor fuit,

Suet. Tib. 35; id. Claud. 25; id. Calig. 15:

a me consilium petis, qui sim tibi auctor in Siciliāne subsidas, an proficiscare,

Cic. Fam. 6, 8: ego quidem tibi non sim auctor, si Pompeius Italiam reliquit, te quoque profugere, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

ne auctor armorum duxque deesset, Auct. B. G. 8, 47: auctor facinori non deerat,

Liv. 2, 54:

auctores Bibulo fuere tantundem pollicendi,

Suet. Caes. 19:

auctores restituendae tribuniciae potestatis,

id. ib. 5; so id. Dom. 8:

auctor singulis universisque conspirandi simul et ut... communem causam juvarent,

id. Galb. 10 al. —So freq. in the abl. absol.: me, te, eo auctore, at my, your, his instance, by my [p. 199] advice, command, etc.:

non me quidem Faciet auctore, hodie ut illum decipiat,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 23:

an paenitebat flagiti, te auctore quod fecisset Adulescens?

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 12:

quare omnes istos me auctore deridete atque contemnite,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 54:

quia calida fomenta non proderant, frigidis curari coactus auctore Antonio Musā,

Suet. Aug. 81; 96; id. Galb. 19; id. Vit. 2 al.: agis Carminibus grates et dis auctoribus horum, the promoters or authors of spells, Ov. M. 7, 148.—

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Auctor legis.

One who proposes a law, a mover, proposer (very rare):

quarum legum auctor fuerat, earum suasorem se haud dubium ferebat,

Liv. 6, 36:

Quid desperatius, qui ne ementiendo quidem potueris auctorem adumbrare meliorem,

Cic. Dom. 30, 80.—

One who advises the proposal of a law, and exerts all his influence to have it passed, a supporter (stronger than suasor; cf. Suet. Tib. 27:

alium dicente, auctore eo Senatum se adīsse, verba mutare et pro auctore suasorem dicere coegit): isti rationi neque lator quisquam est inventus neque auctor umquam bonus,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

cum ostenderem, si lex utilis plebi Romanae mihi videretur, auctorem me atque adjutorem futurum (esse),

id. Agr. 2, 5; id. Att. 1, 19:

quo auctore societatem cum Perseo junxerunt,

Liv. 45, 31; Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 11 al.—Sometimes in connection with suasor:

atque hujus deditionis ipse Postumius suasor et auctor fuit,

Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Nisi quis retinet, idem suasor auctorque consilii ero,

Tac. H. 3, 2 al. —

Of a senate which accepts or adopts a proposition for a law, a confirmer, ratifier:

nunc cum loquar apud senatores populi Romani, legum et judiciorum et juris auctores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67.— Poet., in gen., a law-giver:

animum ad civilia vertet Jura suum, legesque feret justissimus auctor,

Ov. M. 15, 833;

and of one who establishes conditions of peace: leges captis justissimus auctor imposuit,

id. ib. 8, 101. —Hence, auctores fieri, to approve, accept, confirm a law:

cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat, patres ante auctores fieri coëgerit,

Cic. Brut. 14, 55:

Decreverunt ut, cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset, si patres auctores fierent,

Liv. 1, 17; 1, 22; 2, 54; 2, 56; 6, 42; 8, 12 al.—

Auctor consilii publici, he who has the chief voice in the senate, a leader:

hunc rei publicae rectorem et consilii publici auctorem esse habendum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 211; 3, 17, 63. —Also absol.:

regem Ariobarzanem, cujus salutem a senatu te auctore, commendatam habebam,

by your influence, and the decree of the senate occasioned by it, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6; cf. Gron. ad Liv. 24, 43.—

One who is an exemplar, a model, pattern, type of any thing:

Caecilius, malus auctor Latinitatis,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

nec litterarum Graecarum, nec philosophiae jam ullum auctorem requiro,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 5; cf.

Wopk. Lect. Tull. p. 34: unum cedo auctorem tui facti, unius profer exemplum,

i. e. who has done a similar thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26:

Cato omnium virtutum auctor,

id. Fin. 4, 16, 44 al. —

One that becomes security for something, a voucher, bail, surety, witness:

id ita esse ut credas, rem tibi auctorem dabo,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 70:

auctorem rumorem habere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19: fama nuntiabat te esse in Syriā;

auctor erat nemo,

id. Fam. 12, 4:

non si mihi Juppiter auctor Spondeat,

Verg. A. 5, 17:

gravis quamvis magnae rei auctor,

Liv. 1, 16:

auctorem levem, nec satis fidum super tantā re Patres rati,

id. 5, 15 fin.:

urbs auspicato deis auctoribus in aeternum condita,

under the guaranty of the gods, id. 28, 28.—Also with acc. and inf.:

auctores sumus tutam ibi majestatem Romani nominis fore,

Liv. 2, 48.—

In judic. lang., t. t.

A seller, vender (inasmuch as he warrants the right of possession of the thing to be sold, and transfers it to the purchaser; sometimes the jurists make a distinction between auctor primus and auctor secundus; the former is the seller himself, the latter the bail or security whom the former brings, Dig. 21, 2, 4; cf.

Salmas. Mod. Usur. pp. 728 and 733): quod a malo auctore emīssent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22:

auctor fundi,

id. Caecin. 10; Dig. 19, 1, 52: Inpero (auctor ego sum), ut tu me quoivis castrandum loces, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 73 Wagn.; id. Ep. 3, 2, 21; id. Curc. 4, 2, 12.— Trop.:

auctor beneficii populi Romani,

Cic. Mur. 2.—

A guardian, trustee (of women and minors):

dos quam mulier nullo auctore dixisset,

Cic. Caecin. 25:

majores nostri nullam ne privatam quidem rem agere feminas sine auctore voluerunt,

Liv. 34, 2:

pupillus obligari tutori eo auctore non potest,

Dig. 26, 8, 5.—

In espousals, auctores are the witnesses of the marriage contract (parents, brothers, guardians, relatives, etc.):

nubit genero socrus, nullis auspicibus, nullis auctoribus,

Cic. Clu. 5.—

An agent, factor, spokesman, intercessor, champion:

praeclarus iste auctor suae civitatis,

Cic. Fl. 22:

(Plancius) princeps inter suos... maximarum societatum auctor, plurimarum magister,

id. Planc. 13, 22:

meae salutis,

id. Sest. 50, 107:

doloris sui, querelarum, etc.,

id. Fl. 22 fin.

Lat. auctor is also used as fem.:

eas aves, quibus auctoribus etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27:

Et hostes aderant et (Theoxena) auctor mortis instabat,

Liv. 40, 4, 15:

auctor ego (Juno) audendi,

Verg. A. 12, 159; Ov. M. 8, 108; id. F. 5, 192; 6, 709; id. H. 14, 110; 15, 3; Sen. Med. 968; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 29 Müll. The distinction which the grammarians, Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 159, Prob. p. 1452 sq. P., and others make between auctor fem. and auctrix, that auctrix would refer more to the lit. signif. of the verb, augeo, while auctor fem. has more direct relation to the prevailing signif. of its noun, auctoritas, is unfounded.

barbărus, a, um ( gen. plur. m. barbarum, Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = barbaros [cf. barrio; balo, balbus; blatio].

Prop., foreign, strange, barbarous, opp. to Greek or Roman.

In gen.:

hospes,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25:

mixta facit Graiis barbara turba metum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6:

reges,

id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in barbarum, adverb., in the manner or according to the custom of foreigners or barbarians:

civitas potens, neque in barbarum corrupta,

Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger, barbarian:

sin hoc et ratio doctis et necessitas barbaris praescripsit,

Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157:

quo neque noster adit quisquam, nec barbarus audet,

Lucr. 6, 37:

quippe simul nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30:

barbarorum soli prope Germani singulis uxoribus contenti,

Tac. G. 18:

barbari praestabant non modicam humanitatem,

Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—

Esp., of a particular people, in opp. to Greek or Roman or both; cf.:

Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus induperator,

Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: barbaria, barbaricus, and Fest. s. v. barbari, p. 36 Müll.).

(In the mouth of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin (never so used by the Romans):

nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40:

i, stultior es barbaro Poticio,

id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut tantum barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (ph) adhibere, aut recto casu Graece loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,

In the mouth of a Macedonian:

cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis bellum est eritque,

Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,

In reference to the inhabitants of Pontus:

barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—

Phrygian:

tibia,

Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.:

sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis barbarum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—

Persian, a Persian:

solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the king of the Persians is called barbarus, Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3;

and high officers of the king, barbari,

id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.:

Romanum agmen ad similitudinem barbari incessus convertere,

Tac. A. 3, 33.—

In gen., for any hostile people (among the Romans, after the Aug. age, esp. the German tribes, as, among the Greeks, after the Persian war, the Persians):

opinio, quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5:

ut sunt fluxioris fidei barbari,

id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; even of the Dassaretians, a Greek people, Liv. 31, 33, 5; while the Romans did not elsewhere use barbarus for Greek.—

Transf., foreign, strange, in mind or character.

In mind, uncultivated, ignorant; rude, unpolished:

qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

ecqua civitas est... aut tam potens aut tam libera aut etiam tam inmanis ac barbara, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 4, 11, §

24: nationes,

Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27:

Maroboduus... natione magis quam ratione barbarus,

Vell. 2, 108, 2.— Comp., of verses:

non sunt illa suo barbariora loco,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—

Of character, wild, savage, cruel, barbarous:

neque tam barbari linguā et natione illi, quam tu naturā et moribus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum,

id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21:

gens,

id. Sull. 27, 76:

homines,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81:

homo,

id. ib. 2, 5, 57, §

148: pirata,

id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

praedones,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48:

tollite barbarum Morem,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 2:

Medea,

id. Epod. 5, 61:

domina,

id. C. 3, 27, 66:

libidines,

id. ib. 4, 12, 7:

ignis,

Ov. M. 14, 574:

populus,

Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.—

* Comp.:

sacra barbariora,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in use.—Hence, adv.: barbărē.

Prop., as a foreigner would, in a foreign tongue: Demophilus scripsit;

Marcus vortit barbare,

i. e. into Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. barbarus, I. B. 1. —

Transf.

Rudely, ignorantly, in an uncultivated way:

si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loqueretur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:

ut is, a quo insolenter quid aut minaciter aut crudeliter dictum sit, barbare locutus existimetur,

Quint. 1, 5, 9:

tota saepe theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse barbare scimus,

id. 1, 6, 45.—

Rudely, roughly, barbarously, cruelly:

dulcia barbare Laedentem oscula,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 15:

ferociter et barbare facere,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2.

carbo, ōnis, m. [Sanscr. c)ra, coquere; cf. cremo], a coal, charcoal (dead or burning); of dead coals, Cato, R. R. 38 fin.; Plaut. Truc. 5, 12; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 63; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 8 al.—Of glowing, burning coals, Cato, R. R. 108; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 48; Lucr. 6, 802; Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25; Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82; 16, 10, 19, § 45; Hor. C. 3, 8, 3 al.—

Meton.

From the black color of coals are derived the trop. expressions:

impleantur elogiorum meae fores carbonibus,

i.e. with scurrilous verses, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 73:

sanin cretā an carbone notati?

Hor. S, 2, 3, 246; imitated by Pers. 5, 108 (cf. opp. albus):

miror Proelia rubrica picta aut carbone,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 98.—

For something of little value; hence prov.: carbonem pro thesauro invenire, to be deceived in one ' s expectation, Phaedr. 5, 6, 6.—

A bad tumor, Ser. Samm. 39, 725; cf. carbunculus, C.

Carbo, ōnis, m., a Roman surname in the gens Papiria, Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 3; cf. Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 68 al.

carbo, ōnis, m. [Sanscr. c)ra, coquere; cf. cremo], a coal, charcoal (dead or burning); of dead coals, Cato, R. R. 38 fin.; Plaut. Truc. 5, 12; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 63; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 8 al.—Of glowing, burning coals, Cato, R. R. 108; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 48; Lucr. 6, 802; Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25; Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82; 16, 10, 19, § 45; Hor. C. 3, 8, 3 al.—

Meton.

From the black color of coals are derived the trop. expressions:

impleantur elogiorum meae fores carbonibus,

i.e. with scurrilous verses, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 73:

sanin cretā an carbone notati?

Hor. S, 2, 3, 246; imitated by Pers. 5, 108 (cf. opp. albus):

miror Proelia rubrica picta aut carbone,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 98.—

For something of little value; hence prov.: carbonem pro thesauro invenire, to be deceived in one ' s expectation, Phaedr. 5, 6, 6.—

A bad tumor, Ser. Samm. 39, 725; cf. carbunculus, C.

Carbo, ōnis, m., a Roman surname in the gens Papiria, Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 3; cf. Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 68 al.

carmen, ĭnis, n. (old form cas-men, Varr. L. L. p. 86 Bip.) [Sanscr. çasto [p. 293] declaim, praise; cf.: camilla, censeo], a tune, song; poem, verse; an oracular response, a prophecy; a form of incantation (cf.: cano, cantus, and canto).

In gen., a tune, song, air, lay, strain, note, sound, both vocal and instrumental (mostly poet.; in prose, instead of it, cantus; cf.

also versus, numeri, modi): carmen tuba ista peregit ( = sonus),

Enn. Ann. 508 Vahl.:

carmine vocali clarus citharāque Philammon,

Ov. M. 11, 317; cf.

vocum,

id. ib. 12, 157:

per me (sc. Apollinem) concordant carmina nervis,

id. ib. 1, 518; cf. id. ib. 11, 5;

5, 340: solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo Saepe queri,

Verg. A. 4, 462; so id. G. 4, 514; Ov. M. 10, 453:

cygnorum,

id. ib. 5, 387; cf. id. ib. 14, 430; Mart. 13, 77:

citharae liquidum carmen,

Lucr. 4, 981; cf. id. 2, 506; Hor. C. 1, 15, 15:

lyrae carmen,

Prop. 2, 1, 9 Hertzb.:

canere miserabile carmen,

Ov. M. 5, 118:

harundineum,

id. Tr. 4, 1, 12:

socialia carmina,

id. H. 12, 139:

barbaricum,

id. M. 11, 163.—With allusion to playing on the cithara:

hoc carmen hic tribunus plebis non vobis sed sibi intus canit,

Cic. Agr. 2, 26, 68; cf. Aspendius.—Also the sound of waves, Claud. Cons. Mall. Th. 319; cf. Auct. Aetn. 295.—

Esp., a composition in verse, a poem; poetry, verse, song, whether in a broader sense, of every kind of poetic production, epic, dramatic, lyric (opp. to prose and to cantus, the melody), or, in a more restricted sense, for lyric poetry.

Cum hanc felicitatem non prosa modo multi sint consecuti sed etiam carmine, Quint. 10, 7, 19; cf. id. 1, 8, 2; 8, 6, 27; 10, 1, 95:

perspicuum est, et cantus (melodies) tum fuisse rescriptos vocum sonis et carmina (words),

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 34; 3, 51, 197:

carminibus cum res gestas coepere poetae Tradere,

Lucr. 5, 1444:

Maeonii carminis alite,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 2:

epicum carmen,

Quint. 10, 1, 62:

heroici sublimitas,

id. 1, 8, 5; cf. Prop. 3 (4), 3, 16:

Iliacum,

Hor. A. P. 129:

historia quodammodo carmen solutum,

Quint. 10, 1, 31:

Pierium,

Lucr. 1, 946; 4, 21:

tragicum,

Hor. A. P. 220:

carmina Livi,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 69; cf. Tac. A. 11, 13:

Saliorum carmina,

Varr. L. L. 3, 26; 9, 61; Quint. 1, 6, 40; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 86 Schmid.; cf. Liv. 1, 20, 4 al.:

lyricorum carmina,

Quint. 9, 4, 53; Prop. 4 (5), 6, 32:

Aeolium,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 13:

Lydis remixto carmine tibiis,

id. ib. 4, 15, 30; cf. id. Epod. 9, 5:

carmen funebre proprie Naenia,

Quint. 8, 2, 8:

carmina quae in Phaeacum epulis canuntur,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71; cf. id. ib. 19, 75:

lascivum,

Quint. 9, 4, 108:

obscena,

satirical, abusive poems, libels, Prop. 1, 16, 10;

the same: famosum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 31 Schmid.:

malum,

id. ib. 2, 1, 153; id. S. 2, 1. 82 Heind.:

obliquum,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 27:

probrosum,

Tac. A. 4, 31; cf.:

si quis carmen condidisset quod infamiam faceret flagitiumve alteri,

Cic. Rep. 4, 10, 12; and Fragm. XII. Tab. 8, 1, ap. Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 259 sq.; Fischer ad Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 4.—Phrases:

canere,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71; Liv. 1, 20, 4 al.:

cantare cui,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 4:

cantitare,

Cic. Brut. 19, 75: CONDERE, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Rep. 4, 10, 12; Lucr. 5, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 82; id. A. P. 436:

contexere,

Cic. Cael. 8, 18:

disponere,

Lucr. 3, 420:

pangere,

id. 1, 934; 4, 9:

fingere,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 32; id. Ep. 2, 1, 227; id. A. P. 331:

dicere,

id. C. 4, 12, 10; id. C. S. 8:

dictare,

id. S. 1, 10, 75; id. Ep. 2, 1, 110:

docere,

id. C. 2, 19, 1:

ad umbilicum adducere,

id. Epod. 14, 7:

deducere ad sua tempora,

Ov. M. 1, 4:

fundere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

componere ad lyram,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. 11, 2, 11.—

Esp.

In a restricted sense for lyric or epic poetry:

carmine tu gaudes, hic delectatur iambis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 59 Schmid.; cf.:

carmina compono, hic elegos,

id. ib. 2, 2, 91: amabile carmen, i. e. a love poem or song, id. ib. 1, 3, 24.—And opp. to the drama for an epic or lyric poem:

fabula, quae versatur in tragoediis atque carminibus,

Quint. 2, 4, 2.—

A part of a great epic poem, a book, canto:

in primo carmine,

Lucr. 6, 937. —

A poetic inscription:

et tumulum facite et tumulo superaddite carmen: Daphnis ego, etc.,

Verg. E. 5, 42; id. A. 3, 287; Ov. M. 14, 442; id. F. 3, 547 al.—

A response of an oracle, a prophecy, prediction:

ultima Cumaei venit jam carminis aetas,

Verg. E. 4, 4; so Ov. M. 6, 582; Liv. 1, 45, 5; 23, 11, 4; 25, 12, 4; 29, 10, 6; 38, 45, 3; Tac. A. 3, 63; 4, 43; 6, 12 al.—

A magic formula, an incantation: MALVM, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17; cf.

Fragm. XII. Tab. 8, 1, a. ap. Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 260: polleantne aliquid verba et incantamenta carminum,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 10: carmina vel caelo possunt deducere lunam;

Carminibus Circe socios mutavit Ulixi,

Verg. E. 8, 69 sq.; so id. A. 4, 487; Hor. Epod. 5, 72; 17, 4; id. S. 1, 8, 19; Prop. 2 (3), 28, 35; Ov. M. 7, 137; 14, 58; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Tac. A. 2, 69; 4, 22 al.—

On account of the very ancient practice of composing forms of religion and law in Saturnian verse, also a formula in religion or law, a form:

diro quodam carmine jurare,

Liv. 10, 38, 10; 10, 41, 3; 31, 17, 9; 1, 24, 6 and 9; Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12:

cruciatus carmina,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. id. Mur. 12, 26:

lex horrendi carminis erat: duumviri perduellionem judicent, etc.,

of a dreadful form, Liv. 1, 26, 6:

rogationis carmen,

id. 3, 64, 10.—

Moral sentences composed in verses:

Appii Caeci carmen,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 4; cf.:

liber Catonis qui inscriptus est Carmen de moribus,

Gell. 11, 2, 2:

ut totum illud, VTI. LINGVA. NVNCVPASSIT., non in XII. tabulis, sed in magistri carmine scriptum videretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245:

necessarium,

id. Leg. 2, 23, 59.

carmen, ĭnis, n. [1. caro], a card, for wool or flax, Venant. Ep. Praem. Carm. 6, 5.

carmĭno, āre, v. a. [1. carmen], to make verses (post-class.):

votivum quippiam,

Sid. Ep. 1, 9:

verba Graia,

id. ib. 9, 15.

carmĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [2. carmen], to card:

lanam,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 54; Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 134:

linum,

id. 19, 1, 3, § 18.

carmen, ĭnis, n. (old form cas-men, Varr. L. L. p. 86 Bip.) [Sanscr. çasto [p. 293] declaim, praise; cf.: camilla, censeo], a tune, song; poem, verse; an oracular response, a prophecy; a form of incantation (cf.: cano, cantus, and canto).

In gen., a tune, song, air, lay, strain, note, sound, both vocal and instrumental (mostly poet.; in prose, instead of it, cantus; cf.

also versus, numeri, modi): carmen tuba ista peregit ( = sonus),

Enn. Ann. 508 Vahl.:

carmine vocali clarus citharāque Philammon,

Ov. M. 11, 317; cf.

vocum,

id. ib. 12, 157:

per me (sc. Apollinem) concordant carmina nervis,

id. ib. 1, 518; cf. id. ib. 11, 5;

5, 340: solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo Saepe queri,

Verg. A. 4, 462; so id. G. 4, 514; Ov. M. 10, 453:

cygnorum,

id. ib. 5, 387; cf. id. ib. 14, 430; Mart. 13, 77:

citharae liquidum carmen,

Lucr. 4, 981; cf. id. 2, 506; Hor. C. 1, 15, 15:

lyrae carmen,

Prop. 2, 1, 9 Hertzb.:

canere miserabile carmen,

Ov. M. 5, 118:

harundineum,

id. Tr. 4, 1, 12:

socialia carmina,

id. H. 12, 139:

barbaricum,

id. M. 11, 163.—With allusion to playing on the cithara:

hoc carmen hic tribunus plebis non vobis sed sibi intus canit,

Cic. Agr. 2, 26, 68; cf. Aspendius.—Also the sound of waves, Claud. Cons. Mall. Th. 319; cf. Auct. Aetn. 295.—

Esp., a composition in verse, a poem; poetry, verse, song, whether in a broader sense, of every kind of poetic production, epic, dramatic, lyric (opp. to prose and to cantus, the melody), or, in a more restricted sense, for lyric poetry.

Cum hanc felicitatem non prosa modo multi sint consecuti sed etiam carmine, Quint. 10, 7, 19; cf. id. 1, 8, 2; 8, 6, 27; 10, 1, 95:

perspicuum est, et cantus (melodies) tum fuisse rescriptos vocum sonis et carmina (words),

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 34; 3, 51, 197:

carminibus cum res gestas coepere poetae Tradere,

Lucr. 5, 1444:

Maeonii carminis alite,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 2:

epicum carmen,

Quint. 10, 1, 62:

heroici sublimitas,

id. 1, 8, 5; cf. Prop. 3 (4), 3, 16:

Iliacum,

Hor. A. P. 129:

historia quodammodo carmen solutum,

Quint. 10, 1, 31:

Pierium,

Lucr. 1, 946; 4, 21:

tragicum,

Hor. A. P. 220:

carmina Livi,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 69; cf. Tac. A. 11, 13:

Saliorum carmina,

Varr. L. L. 3, 26; 9, 61; Quint. 1, 6, 40; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 86 Schmid.; cf. Liv. 1, 20, 4 al.:

lyricorum carmina,

Quint. 9, 4, 53; Prop. 4 (5), 6, 32:

Aeolium,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 13:

Lydis remixto carmine tibiis,

id. ib. 4, 15, 30; cf. id. Epod. 9, 5:

carmen funebre proprie Naenia,

Quint. 8, 2, 8:

carmina quae in Phaeacum epulis canuntur,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71; cf. id. ib. 19, 75:

lascivum,

Quint. 9, 4, 108:

obscena,

satirical, abusive poems, libels, Prop. 1, 16, 10;

the same: famosum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 31 Schmid.:

malum,

id. ib. 2, 1, 153; id. S. 2, 1. 82 Heind.:

obliquum,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 27:

probrosum,

Tac. A. 4, 31; cf.:

si quis carmen condidisset quod infamiam faceret flagitiumve alteri,

Cic. Rep. 4, 10, 12; and Fragm. XII. Tab. 8, 1, ap. Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 259 sq.; Fischer ad Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 4.—Phrases:

canere,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71; Liv. 1, 20, 4 al.:

cantare cui,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 4:

cantitare,

Cic. Brut. 19, 75: CONDERE, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Rep. 4, 10, 12; Lucr. 5, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 82; id. A. P. 436:

contexere,

Cic. Cael. 8, 18:

disponere,

Lucr. 3, 420:

pangere,

id. 1, 934; 4, 9:

fingere,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 32; id. Ep. 2, 1, 227; id. A. P. 331:

dicere,

id. C. 4, 12, 10; id. C. S. 8:

dictare,

id. S. 1, 10, 75; id. Ep. 2, 1, 110:

docere,

id. C. 2, 19, 1:

ad umbilicum adducere,

id. Epod. 14, 7:

deducere ad sua tempora,

Ov. M. 1, 4:

fundere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

componere ad lyram,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. 11, 2, 11.—

Esp.

In a restricted sense for lyric or epic poetry:

carmine tu gaudes, hic delectatur iambis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 59 Schmid.; cf.:

carmina compono, hic elegos,

id. ib. 2, 2, 91: amabile carmen, i. e. a love poem or song, id. ib. 1, 3, 24.—And opp. to the drama for an epic or lyric poem:

fabula, quae versatur in tragoediis atque carminibus,

Quint. 2, 4, 2.—

A part of a great epic poem, a book, canto:

in primo carmine,

Lucr. 6, 937. —

A poetic inscription:

et tumulum facite et tumulo superaddite carmen: Daphnis ego, etc.,

Verg. E. 5, 42; id. A. 3, 287; Ov. M. 14, 442; id. F. 3, 547 al.—

A response of an oracle, a prophecy, prediction:

ultima Cumaei venit jam carminis aetas,

Verg. E. 4, 4; so Ov. M. 6, 582; Liv. 1, 45, 5; 23, 11, 4; 25, 12, 4; 29, 10, 6; 38, 45, 3; Tac. A. 3, 63; 4, 43; 6, 12 al.—

A magic formula, an incantation: MALVM, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17; cf.

Fragm. XII. Tab. 8, 1, a. ap. Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 260: polleantne aliquid verba et incantamenta carminum,

Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 10: carmina vel caelo possunt deducere lunam;

Carminibus Circe socios mutavit Ulixi,

Verg. E. 8, 69 sq.; so id. A. 4, 487; Hor. Epod. 5, 72; 17, 4; id. S. 1, 8, 19; Prop. 2 (3), 28, 35; Ov. M. 7, 137; 14, 58; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Tac. A. 2, 69; 4, 22 al.—

On account of the very ancient practice of composing forms of religion and law in Saturnian verse, also a formula in religion or law, a form:

diro quodam carmine jurare,

Liv. 10, 38, 10; 10, 41, 3; 31, 17, 9; 1, 24, 6 and 9; Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12:

cruciatus carmina,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. id. Mur. 12, 26:

lex horrendi carminis erat: duumviri perduellionem judicent, etc.,

of a dreadful form, Liv. 1, 26, 6:

rogationis carmen,

id. 3, 64, 10.—

Moral sentences composed in verses:

Appii Caeci carmen,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 4; cf.:

liber Catonis qui inscriptus est Carmen de moribus,

Gell. 11, 2, 2:

ut totum illud, VTI. LINGVA. NVNCVPASSIT., non in XII. tabulis, sed in magistri carmine scriptum videretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245:

necessarium,

id. Leg. 2, 23, 59.

carmen, ĭnis, n. [1. caro], a card, for wool or flax, Venant. Ep. Praem. Carm. 6, 5.

cento, ōnis, m. [kentrôn], a garment of several bits or pieces sewed together, a rag-covering, patchwork, etc., Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; id. R. R. 2, 3; 10, 5; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 176, 1; Sisenn. ib. p. 91, 27; Caes. B. C. 2, 9; 3, 44 fin.; Dig. 33, 7, 12.—

Esp., a cap worn under the helmet, Amm. 19, 8, 8.—

Prov.:

centones sarcire alicui,

to impose upon by falsehoods, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 19.—

The title of a poem made up of various verses of another poem, a cento; so the Cento Nuptialis of Ausonius (the thirteenth of his Idyls), etc., Isid. Orig. 1, 38, 25; Tert. Praescr. 39.

Cento, ōnis, m., a Roman cognomen, Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

cento, ōnis, m. [kentrôn], a garment of several bits or pieces sewed together, a rag-covering, patchwork, etc., Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; id. R. R. 2, 3; 10, 5; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 176, 1; Sisenn. ib. p. 91, 27; Caes. B. C. 2, 9; 3, 44 fin.; Dig. 33, 7, 12.—

Esp., a cap worn under the helmet, Amm. 19, 8, 8.—

Prov.:

centones sarcire alicui,

to impose upon by falsehoods, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 19.—

The title of a poem made up of various verses of another poem, a cento; so the Cento Nuptialis of Ausonius (the thirteenth of his Idyls), etc., Isid. Orig. 1, 38, 25; Tert. Praescr. 39.

Cento, ōnis, m., a Roman cognomen, Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

crūdus, a, um, adj. [root kru-, of Gr. kruos; cf. cruor, crudelis], bloody, bleeding, trickling with blood, etc.

Prop. (so rare):

vulnus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11:

vulnera,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—

Transf.

Of food, raw, not cooked: quid tu curas, utrum [p. 485] crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

exta,

Liv. 29, 27, 5:

carnem mandere,

Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of undigested food:

pavo,

Juv. 1, 143; cf.

trop.: lectio non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

Quint. 10, 1, 19;

and, alvus,

Cato, R. R. 125:

qui crudum ructat,

i. e. when undigested food rises in the stomach, Cels. 1, 2; v. ructo.— Transf., of persons suffering from indigestion, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61:

crudior,

Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. cruditas; so,

bos,

Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a pun, Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—

In gen., of all physical or moral crudeness, immaturity, roughness, etc.

Lit.

Unripe, immature, crude:

poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et cocta, decidunt,

Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

pruna (opp. maturissima),

Col. 12, 10, 3:

muria (opp. matura),

id. 12, 6, 2 al.:

palmes,

Luc. 4, 317 (viridis, Schol.);

of an abscess,

not mature, Cels. 5, 28, 11:

puella,

Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12:

funera nepotis,

premature, early, Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478:

amor,

yet young, fresh, id. Th. 2, 341; cf.:

crudum adhuc servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.:

adhuc studia,

Petr. 4:

crudi sine viribus anni,

Sil. 12, 348:

juventus,

not yet armed, id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—

Opp. to age, and the weakness arising from age, fresh, vigorous:

jam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus,

Verg. A. 6, 304;

imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac viridis senectus,

Tac. Agr. 29: cf.

meus,

Sil. 5, 569.—

Unprepared, immature, raw, crude:

crudum et immotum solum,

Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179:

pix,

Col. 12, 20, 6:

corium,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for which, poet., taurus, Val. Fl. 4, 250;

and, caestus,

made of raw hide, undressed leather, Verg. A. 5, 69:

rudis cortice crudo hasta,

id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, unpolished, rude:

junctura addita crudis (numeris),

Pers. 1, 92 (cf.:

si forte aliquid decoctius audis,

id. 1, 125).—Of the voice, rough, hoarse:

quia crudus fuerit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—

Trop.

Raw, not prepared or matured:

ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta memoriae tradatur,

Quint. 10, 1, 19.—

Rough, unfeeling, cruel, merciless ( poet.).

Of personal subjects:

dicat me Crudum virum esse,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240:

Getae,

id. Tr. 5, 3, 8:

cena, crude Thyesta, tua,

Mart. 4, 49, 4:

crudus et leti artifex,

Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,

Of things as subjects:

bella,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58:

ensis,

Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342:

tyrannis,

Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum pistrinum, most rude, uncultivated, Cassius ap. Suet. Aug. 4.— Adv. not in use.

dē-tĕro, trīvi, trītum, 3, v. a., to rub away, to wear away, to wear out (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Caes.).

Prop.:

strataque jam volgi pedibus detrita viarum saxea,

Lucr. 1, 315:

a catena collum detritum cani,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 16; so,

vestem usu,

Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 191; cf.:

detrita tegmina,

Tac. A. 1, 18:

aurum usu,

Plin. 33, 3, 19:

pedes (viă longă),

Tib. 1, 9, 16:

frumenta,

to thresh out, Col. 1, 6, 23; cf.

milium,

id. 6, 12, 4:

scillam,

id. 6, 27, 10:

telephion,

Plin. 27, 13, 110, § 137:

calces deteris,

you tread on my heels, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 111.—

Trop., to diminish in force, to lessen, weaken, impair:

laudes Caesaris culpă ingeni,

Hor. Od. 1, 6, 12:

aliquid velut usu ipso,

Quint. 2, 4, 7:

fulgorem,

id. 10, 5, 16:

si quid ardoris ac ferociae miles habuit, deteritur, etc.,

Tac. H. 2, 76 fin.:

ab alio genere vitae detriti jam,

Gell. 15, 30, 1:

quantum detritum est famae,

Sil. 7, 247:

detrita bellis Suessa,

id. 8, 399:

detereret sibi multa Lucilius,

would polish his verses, Hor. S. 1, 10, 69 (cf. just before, v. 65, limatior).— Absol.:

nimia cura deterit magis quam emendat,

Plin. Ep. 9, 35 fin. — Hence, * dētrītus, a, um, P. a., worn out, trite, hackneyed (for which in Cic. contritus):

illa in agendis causis jam detrita,

Quint. 8, 6, 51.

distĭchus, a, um, adj., = distichos, consisting of two rows.

Adj.:

hordeum,

Col. 2, 9, 16.—

Subst.

‡ distĭ-chum, i, n., a building with two stories or two rows of chambers, Inscr. Fabr. p. 627, no. 234.—

distĭchon, i, n., a poem of two verses, a distich consisting of a hexameter and a pentameter, Mart. 8, 29, 1; Suet. Caes. 51; id. Oth. 3 al.

distĭchus, a, um, adj., = distichos, consisting of two rows.

Adj.:

hordeum,

Col. 2, 9, 16.—

Subst.

‡ distĭ-chum, i, n., a building with two stories or two rows of chambers, Inscr. Fabr. p. 627, no. 234.—

distĭchon, i, n., a poem of two verses, a distich consisting of a hexameter and a pentameter, Mart. 8, 29, 1; Suet. Caes. 51; id. Oth. 3 al.

distĭchus, a, um, adj., = distichos, consisting of two rows.

Adj.:

hordeum,

Col. 2, 9, 16.—

Subst.

‡ distĭ-chum, i, n., a building with two stories or two rows of chambers, Inscr. Fabr. p. 627, no. 234.—

distĭchon, i, n., a poem of two verses, a distich consisting of a hexameter and a pentameter, Mart. 8, 29, 1; Suet. Caes. 51; id. Oth. 3 al.

ex-curro, cŭcurri (Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 12; Liv. 1, 15 et saep.;

less freq. curri,

Liv. 25, 30), cursum, 3, v. n. and a.

Neut., to run out or forth, to hasten forwards.

Lit.:

cum se excucurrisse illuc frustra sciverit,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 125:

excurrat aliquis, qui hoc tantum mali filio suo nuntiet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

mandavi utrique eorum, ut ante ad me excurrerent, ut tibi obviam prodire possem,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 4: excurristi a Neapoli, Caes. ap. Prisc. p. 901 P.:

dum panes et cetera in navem parantur, excurro in Pompeianum,

make an excursion, Cic. Att. 10, 15, 4;

so of a long journey: in Graeciam,

id. ib. 14, 16, 3;

of eagerness in applauding a speaker: proni atque succincti ad omnem clausulam non exsurgunt modo, verum etiam excurrunt,

Quint. 2, 2, 12:

in crucem,

to go to destruction, go to the devil, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 12:

ad hominem Dei,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 4, 22.—

In partic., milit. t. t., to sally forth, to make an excursion or irruption:

sine signis omnibus portis,

Liv. 29, 34, 11:

in fines Romanos excucurrerunt populandi magis quam justi more belli,

id. 1, 15, 1 Drak. N. cr.:

Carthago excurrere ex Africa videbatur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87:

excursurus cum valida manu fuerat,

Just. 13, 5.—

Transf., of inanim. or abstr. things.

In gen., to go forth, issue forth:

fons ex summo montis cacumine excurrens,

Curt. 3, 1, 3; Pall. Nov. 15, 1:

nec recisis qui a lateribus excurrant pampinis,

shoot forth, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 212:

quorum animi spretis corporibus evolant atque excurrunt foras,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114.—

In partic.

Of localities, to run out, project, extend:

ab intimo sinu paeninsula excurrit,

Liv. 26, 42, 8:

Sicania tribus excurrit in aequora linguis,

Ov. M. 13, 724:

promontorium in altum,

Liv. 32, 23, 10 Drak.:

dorsum montis in Persidem,

Curt. 5, 3:

promontorium per Creticum mare,

Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 32.—

In specifications of measure, to be over and above, to exceed (late Lat.; cf.

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 435): decem (auri pondo) et quod excurrit,

and something over, Dig. 16, 3, 26:

viginti et quod excurrit annorum pax,

of twenty years and upwards, Veg. Mil. 1, 28. —

Trop., to run or spread out, to extend, display itself:

campus, in quo excurrere virtus posset,

Cic. Mur. 8, 18: quid est, cur insistere orationem malint quam cum sententia pariter excurrere? qs. to keep pace with, id. Or. 51, 170:

ne oratio excurrat longius,

to run out to too great length, be prolix, id. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

extra ordinem excurrens tractatio,

Quint. 4, 3, 14:

paeone dochmioque, quorum prior in quatuor, secundus in quinque (syllabas) excurrit,

id. 9, 4, 79:

praecoces germinationes,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 16: in hos quoque studiorum secessus excurrit, qs. makes excursions, Quint. 10, 5, 16:

in pericula,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34 fin.:

quia in hoc tempus excurrit donationis eventus, quo,

extends, Dig. 24, 1, 10: quaedam (in periodo) quasi decurtata... productiora alia et quasi immoderatius excurrentia, running out, stretched out (the figure being taken from places which run out or project, v. above), Cic. Or. 53, 178.—

To run out, end, terminate, of verses:

in quatuor syllabas,

Quint. 9, 4, 79.—

Act. (very rare).

To run through a place;

trop.: prope jam excurso spatio,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 6; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 210.—

To pass over, omit something in speaking:

a quo multa improbe sed venuste dicta, ne modum excedam, excurro,

Sen. Contr. 5, 34 med., p. 374 Bip.

Fescennĭa, ae, f. (also Fescennĭ-um, ii, n., Serv. Verg. A. 7, 695), an ancient but small city of Etruria, on the Tiber, not far from Falerii, famous for a sort of sportive and jeering dialogues in verse named after it, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52; Serv. l. l.; v. Dennis, Etrur. 1, p. 152 sq. (acc. to Gell. and Müll. the modern Civita Castellana; acc. to Dennis, near Borghetto).—

Deriv.: Fescennīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Fescennia, Fescennine:

acies,

Verg. A. 7, 695:

Fescennina per hunc inventa licentia morem Versibus alternis opprobria rustica fudit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 145:

versus,

Liv. 7, 2, 7; Paul. ex Fest. p. 85 Müll.:

locutio,

Cat. 61, 127:

materia,

Sid. Ep. 8, 11:

pes,

i. e. an amphimacer, Diom. p. 475 P.— Subst.: Fescennīni, ōrum, m., Fescennine verses, Fescennines, Macr. S. 2, 4:

nuptiales,

Sen. Contr. 3, 21 med. p. 252 Bip.; Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 86.—Also. Fescen-nīna, ōrum, n. (sc. carmina, Prud. Cont. Symm. 1, 261; Mart. Cap. 9, § 914 (the derivation of these Fescennini from fascinum seems improbable).—

Transf., Fe-scennīnus, i, m., a lampooner: spatiator atque Fescenninus, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. spatiatorem, p. 344 Müll.; Macr. S. 2, 10, 9.