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  • 101 imi

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imi

  • 102 impello

    impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (mostly poet.):

    cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

    Verg. A. 1, 82:

    vocales impellere pollice chordas,

    to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

    aequora remis,

    id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

    infidum remis marmor,

    Verg. G. 1, 254:

    impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

    swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

    auras mugitibus,

    Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

    maternas aures Luctus,

    Verg. G. 4, 349:

    sensus,

    Lucr. 1, 303:

    colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

    Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

    impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

    Suet. Calig. 57:

    subitus antennas impulit ignis,

    Juv. 12, 19.—
    B.
    In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

    biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

    (navem) triplici versu (remorum),

    Verg. A. 5, 119:

    puppim remis velisque,

    Sil. 1, 568:

    ratem (levis aura),

    Ov. M. 15, 697:

    currum,

    Val. Fl. 6, 6:

    equum calce,

    Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

    cornipedem planta,

    id. 2, 71:

    Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

    Verg. G. 4, 305:

    fluctus (ventus),

    Petr. 114:

    aequor velis,

    Tac. A. 2, 23:

    praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

    id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

    remos,

    id. ib. 4, 594:

    sagittam nervo,

    to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

    semen vehementius urinam impellit,

    drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

    praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

    give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

    procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

    is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

    impulit aciem,

    forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

    hostem primo impetu impulit,

    id. 9, 27, 9:

    impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

    Vell. 2, 70, 1:

    impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

    Tac. H. 3, 16:

    quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

    id. ib. 4, 34;

    78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

    se in vulnus,

    Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

    inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

    Ov. M. 12, 552:

    ferrum capulo tenus,

    Sil. 9, 382:

    (Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

    id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

    jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

    id. 11, 270.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.
    (α).
    Aliquem in aliquid:

    nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

    hic in fraudem homines impulit,

    id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

    in fraudem impulsus,

    id. Deiot. 12, 32:

    in sermonem,

    id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

    in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

    Quint. 12, 10, 43.—
    (β).
    Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

    ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

    ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

    id. Brut. 5, 19:

    facile ad credendum,

    id. Rep. 2, 10:

    aliquos ad omne facinus,

    id. ib. 6, 1:

    ad maleficium,

    Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

    ad injuriam faciendam,

    Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

    ad scelus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

    ad bellum,

    id. Sull. 13, 36:

    ad crudelitatem,

    Quint. 8, 3, 85:

    ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

    id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

    Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—
    (δ).
    With a terminal adv.:

    dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

    impulit huc animos,

    Luc. 8, 454:

    voluntates impellere quo velit,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—
    (ε).
    With inf.:

    fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

    Liv. 22, 6, 7:

    quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

    Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

    quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

    id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—
    (ζ).
    With the simple acc.:

    ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

    to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

    cum praetor lictorem impellat,

    Juv. 3, 128:

    quis modo casus impulit hos,

    id. 15, 120:

    vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

    to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

    (ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

    Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

    vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

    Quint. 11, 1, 71:

    hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

    impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

    id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

    furore atque amentia impulsus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

    hac impulsi occasione,

    id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

    Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

    id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

    Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

    Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    Quint. 7, 1, 10:

    cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

    Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

    impulsum bellum,

    Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—
    (η).
    Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

    qui nullo impellente fallebant,

    id. Fl. 8, 20:

    uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

    Quint. 12, 10, 48.—
    B.
    To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

    miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

    i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

    impellere ruentem,

    to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

    inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

    id. ib. 3, 2:

    inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

    Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

    impulsum bellum,

    i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

    impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

    id. 1, 149:

    tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > impello

  • 103 imum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imum

  • 104 inferiores

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferiores

  • 105 inferus

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferus

  • 106 infime

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infime

  • 107 infimum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infimum

  • 108 inpello

    impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (mostly poet.):

    cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

    Verg. A. 1, 82:

    vocales impellere pollice chordas,

    to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

    aequora remis,

    id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

    infidum remis marmor,

    Verg. G. 1, 254:

    impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

    swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

    auras mugitibus,

    Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

    maternas aures Luctus,

    Verg. G. 4, 349:

    sensus,

    Lucr. 1, 303:

    colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

    Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

    impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

    Suet. Calig. 57:

    subitus antennas impulit ignis,

    Juv. 12, 19.—
    B.
    In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

    biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

    (navem) triplici versu (remorum),

    Verg. A. 5, 119:

    puppim remis velisque,

    Sil. 1, 568:

    ratem (levis aura),

    Ov. M. 15, 697:

    currum,

    Val. Fl. 6, 6:

    equum calce,

    Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

    cornipedem planta,

    id. 2, 71:

    Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

    Verg. G. 4, 305:

    fluctus (ventus),

    Petr. 114:

    aequor velis,

    Tac. A. 2, 23:

    praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

    id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

    remos,

    id. ib. 4, 594:

    sagittam nervo,

    to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

    semen vehementius urinam impellit,

    drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

    praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

    give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

    procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

    is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

    impulit aciem,

    forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

    hostem primo impetu impulit,

    id. 9, 27, 9:

    impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

    Vell. 2, 70, 1:

    impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

    Tac. H. 3, 16:

    quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

    id. ib. 4, 34;

    78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

    se in vulnus,

    Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

    inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

    Ov. M. 12, 552:

    ferrum capulo tenus,

    Sil. 9, 382:

    (Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

    id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

    jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

    id. 11, 270.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.
    (α).
    Aliquem in aliquid:

    nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

    hic in fraudem homines impulit,

    id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

    in fraudem impulsus,

    id. Deiot. 12, 32:

    in sermonem,

    id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

    in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

    Quint. 12, 10, 43.—
    (β).
    Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

    ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

    ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

    id. Brut. 5, 19:

    facile ad credendum,

    id. Rep. 2, 10:

    aliquos ad omne facinus,

    id. ib. 6, 1:

    ad maleficium,

    Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

    ad injuriam faciendam,

    Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

    ad scelus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

    ad bellum,

    id. Sull. 13, 36:

    ad crudelitatem,

    Quint. 8, 3, 85:

    ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

    id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

    Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—
    (δ).
    With a terminal adv.:

    dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

    impulit huc animos,

    Luc. 8, 454:

    voluntates impellere quo velit,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—
    (ε).
    With inf.:

    fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

    Liv. 22, 6, 7:

    quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

    Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

    quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

    id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—
    (ζ).
    With the simple acc.:

    ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

    to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

    cum praetor lictorem impellat,

    Juv. 3, 128:

    quis modo casus impulit hos,

    id. 15, 120:

    vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

    to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

    (ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

    Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

    vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

    Quint. 11, 1, 71:

    hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

    impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

    id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

    furore atque amentia impulsus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

    hac impulsi occasione,

    id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

    Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

    id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

    Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

    Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    Quint. 7, 1, 10:

    cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

    Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

    impulsum bellum,

    Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—
    (η).
    Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

    qui nullo impellente fallebant,

    id. Fl. 8, 20:

    uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

    Quint. 12, 10, 48.—
    B.
    To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

    miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

    i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

    impellere ruentem,

    to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

    inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

    id. ib. 3, 2:

    inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

    Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

    impulsum bellum,

    i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

    impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

    id. 1, 149:

    tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inpello

  • 109 repono

    rĕ-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 ( perf. reposivi, Plaut. As. 3, 1, 16; part. sync. repostus, a, um, on account of the metre, Lucr. 1, 35; 3, 346; Verg. G. 3, 527; id. A. 1, 26; 6, 59; 655; 11, 149; Hor. Epod. 9, 1; Sil. 7, 507 al.), v. a., to lay, place, put, or set back, i. e.,
    I.
    With the idea of the re predominant.
    A.
    To lay, place, put, or set a thing back in its former place; to replace, restore, etc. (class.; syn. remitto).
    1.
    Lit.:

    cum suo quemque loco lapidem reponeret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 146:

    quicque suo loco,

    Col. 12, 3, 4:

    humum,

    the earth dug from a pit, Verg. G. 2, 231:

    pecuniam in thesauris,

    Liv. 29, 18, 15 Weissenb.; 31, 13; cf.:

    ornamenta templorum in pristinis sedibus,

    Val. Max. 5, 1, 6:

    infans repositus in cunas,

    Suet. Aug. 94:

    ossa in suas sedes,

    Cels. 8, 10, 1:

    femur ne difficulter reponatur vel repositum excidat,

    set again, id. 8, 20; 8, 10, 7: se in cubitum, to lean on the elbow again (at table), Hor. S. 2, 4, 39:

    insigne regium, quod ille de suo capite abjecerat, reposuit,

    Cic. Sest. 27, 58:

    columnas,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147:

    tantundem inaurati aeris,

    Suet. Caes. 54:

    togam,

    to gather up again, Quint. 6, 3, 54; 11, 3, 149:

    capillum,

    id. 11, 3, 8, prooem. §

    22: excussus curru ac rursus repositus,

    Suet. Ner. 24:

    nos in sceptra,

    to reinstate, Verg. A. 1, 253; cf.:

    reges per bella pulsos,

    Sil. 10, 487:

    aliquem solio,

    Val. Fl. 6, 742:

    veniet qui nos in lucem reponat dies,

    Sen. Ep. 36, 10:

    ut mihi des nummos sexcentos quos continuo tibi reponam hoc triduo aut quadriduo,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 38; Sen. Ben. 4, 32 fin.:

    quosdam nihil reposuisse,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 2, 6:

    donata,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 39:

    flammis ambesa reponunt Robora navigiis,

    to replace, restore, Verg. A. 5, 752:

    aris ignem,

    id. ib. 3, 231:

    molem,

    Sil. 1, 558:

    ruptos vetustate pontes,

    Tac. A. 1, 63:

    fora templaque,

    id. H. 3, 34:

    amissa urbi,

    id. A. 16, 13:

    statuas a plebe disjectas,

    Suet. Caes. 65:

    cenam,

    Mart. 2, 37, 10;

    so esp. freq. in Vergil, of the serving up of a second course, as of a renewed banquet: sublata pocula,

    Verg. A. 8, 175:

    plena pocula,

    id. G. 4, 378:

    vina mensis (soon after, instaurare epulas),

    id. A. 7, 134:

    epulas,

    id. G. 3, 527:

    festas mensas,

    Stat. Th. 2, 88:

    cibi frigidi et repositi,

    Quint. 2, 4, 29.—
    2.
    Trop., to put or bring back; to replace, restore, renew:

    ut, si quid titubaverint (testes), opportuna rursus interrogatione velut in gradum reponantur,

    Quint. 5, 7, 11; cf.:

    excidentes unius admonitione verbi in memoriam reponuntur,

    id. 11, 2, 19:

    nec vera virtus, cum semel excidit, Curat reponi deterioribus,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 30.—
    (β).
    To represent or describe again, to repeat:

    fabula quae posci vult et spectata reponi,

    Hor. A. P. 190:

    Achillem (after Homer),

    id. ib. 120; cf.:

    dicta paterna,

    Pers. 6, 66.—
    (γ).
    To repay, requite, return:

    cogitemus, alios non facere injuriam, sed reponere,

    Sen. Ira, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

    semper ego auditor tantum? nunquamne reponam?

    repay, Juv. 1, 1.—
    (δ).
    To put back, put to rest, quiet:

    pontum et turbata litora,

    Val. Fl. 1, 682; cf.:

    post otiosam et repositam vitam,

    Amm. 29, 1, 44.—
    B.
    To bend backwards, lay back: (grues) mollia crura reponunt, bend back (in walking), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 76 (Ann. v. 545 Vahl.);

    imitated by Virgil: pullus mollia crura reponit,

    Verg. G. 3, 76:

    cervicem reponunt et bracchium in latus jactant,

    Quint. 4, 2, 39:

    tereti cervice repostā,

    Lucr. 1, 35:

    interim quartus (digitus) oblique reponitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 99:

    hic potissimum et vocem flectunt et cervicem reponunt,

    id. 4, 2, 39:

    membra (mortui) toro,

    Verg. A. 6, 220:

    membra stratis,

    id. ib. 4, 392.—
    C.
    To lay aside or away for preservation; to lay up, store up, keep, preserve, reserve (class.; cf.: regero, reservo).
    1.
    Lit.: nec tempestive demetendi [p. 1571] percipiendique fructūs neque condendi ac reponendi ulla pecudum scientia est, Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

    cibum,

    Quint. 2, 4, 29:

    formicae farris acervum tecto reponunt,

    Verg. A. 4, 403:

    Caecubum ad festas dapes,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 1:

    mella in vetustatem,

    Col. 12, 11, 1; 12, 44, 7:

    alimenta in hiemem,

    Quint. 2, 16, 16:

    (caseum) hiemi,

    Verg. G. 3, 403:

    omnia quae multo ante memor provisa repones,

    id. ib. 1, 167:

    thesaurum,

    Quint. 2, 7, 4:

    scripta in aliquod tempus,

    id. 10, 4, 2.— Poet.:

    eadem (gratia) sequitur tellure repostos, i. e. conditos,

    buried, Verg. A. 6, 655; cf.:

    an poteris siccis mea fata reponere ocellis? (= me mortuum),

    Prop. 1, 17, 11:

    tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus,

    Hor. C. 1, 10, 17:

    repono infelix lacrimas, et tristia carmina servo,

    Stat. S. 5, 5, 47.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    opus est studio praecedente et acquisitā facultate et quasi repositā,

    Quint. 8, prooem. §

    29: aliquid scriptis,

    id. 11, 2, 9:

    manet altā mente repostum Judicium Paridis,

    Verg. A. 1, 26:

    reponere odium,

    Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

    sensibus haec imis... reponas,

    Verg. E. 3, 54.—
    D.
    To put in the place of, to substitute one thing for another (class.).
    1.
    Lit.:

    non puto te meas epistulas delere, ut reponas tuas,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 2:

    Aristophanem pro Eupoli,

    id. Att. 12, 6, 2; Quint. 11, 2, 49:

    eorumque in vicem idonea reponenda,

    Col. 4, 26, 2:

    dira ne sedes vacet, monstrum repone majus,

    Sen. Phoen. 122.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    at vero praeclarum diem illis reposuisti, Verria ut agerent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 52.—
    E. 1.
    Lit.:

    remum,

    Plaut. As. 3, 1, 16:

    arma omnia,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 14:

    caestus artemque,

    Verg. A. 5, 484:

    feretro reposto,

    id. ib. 11, 149:

    onus,

    Cat. 31, 8:

    telasque calathosque infectaque pensa,

    Ov. M. 4, 10; Sil. 7, 507:

    rursus sumptas figuras,

    Ov. M. 12, 557:

    bracchia,

    to let down, Val. Fl. 4, 279.— Poet.:

    jam falcem arbusta reponunt,

    i. e. permit to be laid aside, Verg. G. 2, 416.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    brevem fugam,

    to end the flight, Stat. Th. 6, 592:

    iram,

    Manil. 2, 649.—
    II.
    With the idea of the verb predominant, to lay, place, put, set a thing anywhere (freq. and class.; syn. colloco).
    A.
    Lit.:

    grues in tergo praevolantium colla et capita reponunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    colla in plumis,

    Ov. M. 10, 269:

    litteras in gremio,

    Liv. 26, 15:

    hunc celso in ostro,

    Val. Fl. 3, 339:

    ligna super foco Large reponens,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 6:

    (nidum) ante fores sacras reponit,

    Ov. M. 15, 407.— With in and acc.:

    uvas in vasa nova,

    Col. 12, 16:

    data sunt legatis, quae in aerarium reposuerant,

    Val. Max. 4, 3, 9:

    anulos in locellum,

    id. 7, 8, 9; cf.:

    mergum altius in terram,

    Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 205.—
    B.
    Trop., to place, put, set; to place, count, reckon among:

    in vestrā mansuetudine atque humanitate causam totam repono,

    Cic. Sull. 33, 92:

    vos meam defensionem in aliquo artis loco reponetis,

    id. de Or. 2, 48, 198:

    suos hortatur, ut spem omnem in virtute reponant,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 41:

    in se omnem spem,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

    nihil spei in caritate civium,

    Liv. 1, 49; 2, 39:

    salutem ac libertatem in illorum armis dextrisque,

    id. 27, 45:

    verum honorem non in splendore titulorum, sed in judiciis hominum,

    Plin. Pan. 84, 8; id. Ep. 1, 3, 3:

    plus in duce quam in exercitu,

    Tac. G. 30; Liv. 24, 37:

    plus in deo quam in viribus reponentes,

    Just. 24, 8, 2:

    fiduciam in re reponere,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 16; 1, 8, 14:

    ea facta, quae in obscuritate et silentio reponuntur,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 6:

    quos equidem in deorum immortalium coetu ac numero repono,

    place, count, reckon among, Cic. Sest. 68, 143; so,

    sidera in deorum numero,

    id. N. D. 2, 21, 54; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 47 Mos. N. cr.:

    Catulum in clarissimorum hominum numero,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210: aliquem in suis, Antonius ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1.— With in and acc.:

    homines morte deletos in deos,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 38:

    in deorum numerum reponemus,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 47:

    Isocratem hunc in numerum non repono,

    id. Opt. Gen. 6, 17:

    aliquid in fabularum numerum,

    id. Inv. 1, 26, 39; and:

    hanc partem in numerum,

    id. ib. 1, 51, 97:

    in ejus sinum rem publicam,

    Suet. Aug. 94.—Hence, rĕpŏsĭ-tus ( rĕpostus), a, um, P. a.
    I.
    Remote, distant (syn. remotus;

    very rare): penitusque repostas Massylum gentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 59:

    terrae,

    id. ib. 3, 364:

    populi,

    Sil. 3, 325:

    convalles,

    App. M. 4, p. 145, 6.—
    II.
    Laid aside, stored up:

    spes,

    Vulg. Col. 1, 5:

    corona justitiae,

    id. 2, Tim. 4, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > repono

  • 110 sorbeo

    sorbĕo, ŭi, 2 (collat. forms: pres. subj. sorbamus, App. M. 2, p. 119; perf. sorpsi, acc. to Charis. p. 217, and Diom. p. 363; cf. the compounds), v. a. [akin with Gr. rhopheô; cf. O. H. Germ. swarb, swirbil, whirlpool], to sup up, suck in, drink down, swallow (freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit. (class.;

    syn. haurio): hominum sanguinem,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 5:

    calidum sanguinem ex homine,

    Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4:

    crudum ovum,

    id. 29, 3, 11, § 42; Luc. 7, 843:

    margaritas aceto liquefactas,

    Suet. Calig. 37 et saep.— Absol.:

    sorbet dormiens,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 6 sq. —Prov.: simul flare sorbereque haud facile, to drink and whistle at the same time, i. e. to do two things at once, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104.—
    B.
    Transf., to suck in, draw in, swallow up, absorb ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose), Lucr. 6, 1130:

    (Charybdis vastos) Sorbet in abruptum fluctus,

    Verg. A. 3, 422:

    fretum,

    Ov. M. 7, 64:

    flumina,

    id. ib. 1, 40:

    sorbent avidae praecordia flammae,

    id. ib. 9, 172:

    (quae sorbuit terrae hiatus),

    Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 194:

    minus sorbet politura charta,

    id. 13, 12, 25, § 81:

    quā sorbeat aëra sannā Tullia,

    Juv. 6, 306.—
    II.
    Trop., to swallow down, endure, bear, brook, etc.:

    quid eum non sorbere animo, quid non haurire cogitatione, cuius sanguinem non bibere censetis?

    Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 10:

    odia (corresp. to concoquere),

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sorbeo

  • 111 abicio

    ăbĭcĭo or abjĭc- (in the best MSS. abicio; cf.

    ăbĭci,

    Ov. P. 2, 3, 37;

    ăbĭcit,

    Juv. 15, 17), ĕre, jēci, jectum, 3, v. a. [ab-jacio], to cast away, to throw away, throw down.
    I.
    Lit.:

    in sepulcrum ejus abjecta gleba non est,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 23 Müll.:

    scutum,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 23:

    insigne regium de capite,

    id. Sest. 27:

    socer ad pedes abjectus,

    id. ib. 34; so,

    se ad pedes,

    id. Phil. 2, 34, 86:

    se e muro in mare,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34; so,

    corpus in mare,

    id. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

    impelluntur, feriuntur, abiciuntur, cadunt,

    id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

    se abjecit exanimatus,

    he threw himself down as if lifeless, id. Sest. 37.— Absol.:

    si te uret sarcina, abicito,

    throw it down, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 7.—Also with in and abl., when the place from which a thing is thrown is designated:

    anulum in mari,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92 Madv. N. cr.; so, ut se abiceret in herba, id. de Or. 1, 7, 28:

    statuas in propatulo domi,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3:

    cadaver in viā,

    Suet. Ner. 48; cf.:

    ubi cadaver abjeceris,

    Tac. A. 1, 22.
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In gen., to cast off, throw away, give up, etc.:

    ut primum tenebris abjectis inalbabat,

    as soon as the day, having dispelled the darkness, was beginning to brighten, Enn. Ann. v. 219 Vahl.: nusquam ego vidi abjectas aedīs, nisi modo hasce, thrown away, i.e. sold too low, Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 3: psaltria aliquo abiciendast, must be got rid off ( il faut se defaire d'elle, Dacier), Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

    vitam,

    Cic. Att. 3, 19:

    salutem pro aliquo,

    id. Planc. 33:

    memoriam beneficiorum,

    id. Phil. 8, 11:

    versum,

    to declaim it carelessly, id. de Or. 3, 26 (cf. with id. ib. 3, 59: ponendus est ille ambitus, non abiciendus, the period must be brought gradually to a close, not broken off abruptly).
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To throw off, cast aside care for, remembrance of, etc., to give up, abandon:

    abicimus ista,

    we let that go, Cic. Att. 13, 3:

    fama ingenii mihi est abicienda,

    I must renounce, id. ib. 9, 16: domum Sullanam desperabam jam... sed tamen non abjeci, but yet I have not abandoned it, i. e. its purchase, id. Fam. 9, 15:

    abjectis nugis,

    nonsense apart, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 141 (cf. amoto ludo, id. S. 1, 1, 27).
    2.
    To cast down to a lower grade, to degrade, humble, Cic. Leg. 1, 9: hic annus senatus auctoritatem abjecit, degraded or lowered the authority of the Senate, id. Att. 1, 18; so also id. Tusc. 5, 18; id. de Or. 3, 26, 104.—Hence, abjectae res, reduced circumstances (opp. florentes), Nep. Att. 8; Cic. Quint. 30; Tac. A. 4, 68.
    3.
    Abicere se, to throw one's self away, degrade one's self, v. Cic. Tusc. 2, 23: ut enim fit, etc.—Hence, abjectus, a, um, P. a., downcast, disheartened, désponding; low, mean, abject, worthless, unprincipled.
    A.
    Quo me miser conferam? An domum? matremne ut miseram lamentantem videam et abjectam? Gracch. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 214:

    plura scribere non possum, ita sum animo perculso et abjecto,

    Cic. Att. 3, 2.—
    B.
    Nihil abjectum, nihil humile cogitare, Cic. Fin. 5, 20:

    contemptum atque abjectum,

    id. Agr. 2, 34:

    verbis nec inops nec abjectus,

    id. Brut. 62, 222 al. — Comp.:

    animus abjectior,

    Cic. Lael. 16; Liv. 9, 6.— Sup.:

    animus abjectissimus,

    Quint. 11, 1, 13 al. — Adv.: abjectē.
    1.
    Dispiritedly, despondingly:

    in dolore est providendum, ne quid abjecte, ne quid timide, ne quid ignave faciamus,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 55; id. Phil. 3, 11, 28.—
    2.
    Low, meanly:

    quo sordidius et abjectius nati sunt,

    Tac. Or. 8:

    incuriose et abjecte verbum positum,

    improperly, Gell. 2, 6, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > abicio

  • 112 defluo

    dē-flŭo, xi, xum, 3, v. n.
    I. A.
    Lit.: quod sanguen defluxerat, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19; cf.:

    sanguis a renibus,

    Plin. 24, 18, 105, § 169:

    defluit lapidosus rivus,

    Ov. F. 3, 273:

    flamma ex Aetna monte,

    Liv. Fragm. 1, 116: flumen Lavida Tauro monte defluens, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 680 P.; cf.:

    saxis umor,

    Hor. Od. 1, 12, 29; Plin. 33, 5, 26, § 86:

    Anaxum quo Varamus defluit,

    Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:

    potus defluit ad pulmonem,

    Gell. 17, 11, 1.—
    2.
    Transf., of things not liquid, to move downwards softly or gradually; to glide or flow down, descend:

    jam ipsae defluebant coronae,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62.—Of clothing:

    pedes vestis defluxit ad imos,

    Verg. A. 1, 404:

    toga defluit male laxus,

    hangs carelessly, Hor. Sat. 1, 3, 31.—Of floating objects:

    aries mersus secundo defluit amni,

    floats, swims down, Verg. G. 3, 447; id. A. 7, 495; 8, 549:

    Ostiam Tiberi,

    to sail down, Suet. Ner. 27; Curt. 9, 8 fin. —Of riders:

    tota cohors imitata relictis Ad terram defluxit equis,

    dismounted, Verg. A. 11, 501; cf.:

    ex equo,

    Curt. 7, 7 fin.: in humum (ex equo), Furius poët. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4:

    ad terram,

    Liv. 2, 20;

    and, a dextro armo in latus,

    Ov. M. 6, 229.—
    B.
    Trop., to flow, come, pass:

    hoc totum e sophistarum fontibus defluxit in forum,

    Cic. Or. 27 fin.:

    a necessariis artificiis ad elegantiora,

    id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62; cf.:

    (adolescentes) tantum ab eo (sc. Seneca) defluebant, quantum, etc.,

    departed, deviated, Quint. 10, 1, 126 Frotsch., Cic. Lael. 26, 100:

    a quibus duplex Octaviorum familia defluxit,

    are derived, descended, Suet. Aug. 2; cf. Vell. 1, 16, 4:

    ne quid in terram defluat,

    be spilled on the ground, be lost, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    multaque merces tibi defluat aequo ab Jove,

    flow to thee in abundance, Hor. Od. 1, 28, 28 (cf. Theocr. 1, 5: Es te katarrhei):

    a superis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 31, 79; cf.:

    si quid redundarit, ad illum defluxisse, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66. —
    II.
    To flow or pass away so as to disappear, to cease flowing.
    A.
    Lit.:

    rusticus exspectat dum defluat amnis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32; cf.:

    cum hiberni defluxere torrentes,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 3.—
    B.
    Trop., to cease, vanish, pass away, disappear, be lost:

    ex novem tribunis unus defluxit,

    has deserted, proved unfaithful, Cic. Sest. 32:

    ubi salutatio defluxit,

    has ceased, is over, id. Fam. 9, 20 fin.:

    ubi per socordiam vires, tempus, ingenium defluxere,

    Sall. J. 1, 4:

    tenerae sucus Defluat praedae,

    Hor. Od. 3, 27, 55; id. Ep. 2, 1, 158.—So of the falling out of the hair, Plin. 11, 37, 56, § 154; 11, 39, 94, § 231:

    comae,

    Ov. M. 6, 141.—In eccl. Lat. = defloresco:

    folium,

    Vulg. Isa. 34, 4; 1, 30; id. Psa. 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > defluo

  • 113 ex or (only before consonants) ē

        ex or (only before consonants) ē    praep. with abl, out of, from within (opp. in).    I. In space, out of, from: signa ex urbe tollere: solem e mundo tollere: ex hoc fonticulo tantumdem sumere, H.: ex Aethiopiā Ancillula, T.: ex urbe sicarii: eius ex Africā reditus: ex Hispaniā quidam, Cs.: puer ex aulā, H.—From, down from, from off: ex speluncā saxum in crura eius incidisse: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, from horseback, Cs.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur.—Up from, above, out of: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Cs.: globum terrae eminentem e mari.—In gen., from, down from, at, in, upon: ex cruce Italiam cernere: ex equo pugnare: ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Cs.: ex hoc loco verba fecisti: ex vinculis causam dicere, L.— Esp., in adverbial phrases: ex itinere, on the march, without halting, S.: ex fugā, during the flight, Cs.: portus ex adverso urbi positus, opposite, L.: erat e regione oppidi collis, over against, Cs.: ex omni parte perfectum, entirely: aliquā ex parte incommodis mederi, in some measure: impetūs ex maximā parte servorum: e vestigio, suddenly.—    II. In time, of succession, from, immediately after, directly after, after, following: Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam: tanta vilitas annonae ex inopiā consecuta est: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitem, Cs.: Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, T.: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, day after day.—Of duration, from... onward, from, since, beginning at: ex eā die ad hanc diem: ex eo die, quo, etc.: ex certo tempore, after a fixed date: ex aeterno tempore: Motum ex Metello consule (bellum), H.: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., since, Ta.: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Ian. magni tumultūs sint, after. —With the notion of escape or relief, from and after, from: se ex labore reficere, Cs.: ex illo metu mortis recreatus: animus ex miseriis requievit, S. — Esp., in phrases: ex tempore effutire, off hand, without reflection: ex meo tempore, for my convenience: in quibus (quaestionibus) ex tempore officium quaeritur, according to circumstances: ex intervallo consequi, after a while: ex tempore aliquo.—    III. Fig., of the point of departure, away from, from, out of, of: amicitiam e vitā tollunt: e fundo eiectus, dispossessed of: agro ex hoste capto, L.: ex populo R. bona accipere, S. —Partitive uses, of a whole or class, of, out of, from among, among: alia ex hoc quaestu, i. e. trade, T.: non orator unus e multis, i. e. no common: acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus: ex primo hastato (ordine) legionis, one of the first division, Cs.: multum ex ripā colere, Ta.: altitudo puppium ex navibus, Cs. — Of the means, out of, by means of, with: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: ex caede vivunt: largiri ex alieno, L.; cf. ex iure hesterno panem vorent, dipped in, T.—Of the origin or source, from, out of, born of, arising from: bellorum causae ex rei p. contentione natae: ex pertinaciā oritur seditio: ex animo amicus, heartily.—Esp. with verbs of sense, intelligence, etc.: quā re negent, ex me non audies: ut ex amicis acceperam: ex quo intellegere posset: ut ex iis quaeratur: video ex litteris.—Of the material, of, out of: statua ex aere facta: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore: milites mixti ex conluvione gentium, L. — Of a condition or nature which is changed, from, out of: di ex hominibus facti: ex exsule consul: duas ex unā civitate discordia fecerat, L. — Of the cause, from, through, by, in consequence of, by reason of, on account of: gravida e Pamphilo, T.: infirmus ex morbo: e viā languere: ex gravitate loci volgari morbos, L.: ex illā ipsā re, for that very reason: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.: ex hac clade atrox ira, L.: ex legato timor, Ta.—From, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, S.: nomen ex vitio positum, O.: urbem e suo nomine Romam iussit nominari. —Of measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with, in pursuance of, by: ex aliarum ingeniis me iudicet, T.: dies ex praeceptis tuis actus: ex consuetudine suā, Cs.: e virtute vivere: ex senatūs sententiā: ex sententiā, satisfactorily, T.: illum ex artificio comico aestimabat.—Esp., in the phrases, ex re, according to the fact, to the advantage, to profit: oratio ex re et ex causā habita: Non ex re istius, for his good, T.: garrit Ex re fabellas, apt, H.: quid tam e re p. fuit? for the public benefit: ex usu, advantageous: ex usu quod est, id persequar, T.: rem ex usu Galliae accidisse, Cs.: e re natā, according to circumstances, T.—Of manner, mostly in adverb. phrases: res ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrare, arbitrarily... justly, S.: dicam ex animo, outright: ex composito, by agreement, L.: ex facili, with ease, Ta.—    IV. In compounds, ex stands before vowels and h, and before c, p (except epoto, epotus), q, s (except escendere, escensio), t; ef (sometimes ec) before f; ē before b, d, g, i consonant, l (except exlex), m, n, v. For exs-, ex- alone is often written (exanguis for exsanguis, etc.).

    Latin-English dictionary > ex or (only before consonants) ē

  • 114 casu

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casu

  • 115 Casus

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Casus

  • 116 casus

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casus

  • 117 elicio

    ē-lĭcĭo, lĭcŭi and lexi (elicuit, Caes. B. C. 3, 100, 2:

    elexisse,

    Arn. 5, p. 154), lĭcìtum ( part. elicitus, Stat. Th. 4, 414; Luc. 9, 932; Vell. 2, 104, 4), 3, v. a. [lacio], to draw out, entice out, to lure forth, to bring out, to elicit (class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    aliquem hinc foras,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 17; cf. id. Men. 5, 6, 3:

    hostem ex paludibus silvisque,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 2:

    omnes citra flumen,

    id. ib. 6, 8, 2:

    hostes in suum locum,

    id. ib. 5, 50, 3: aliquem ad pugnam. id. B. C. 3, 38. [p. 638] 1; 3, 85, 2; Liv. 2, 62; cf.:

    aliquem in proelium,

    Tac. A. 15, 13:

    aliquem praemiis ex civitatibus sociorum ad subeunda pericula,

    Cic. Balb. 9:

    vatem ad colloquium,

    Liv. 5, 15:

    aliquem, ut, etc.,

    id. 6, 34 fin.; cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 7 fin.:

    premere ubera ad eliciendum lac,

    Vulg. Prov. 30, 33.—
    B.
    In partic., in relig. lang.: Jovem, Manes, etc., to call forth, call down a god by religious rites; to raise, conjure up a departed spirit by magic arts, Ov. F. 3, 327; Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 104; Arn. 5, p. 154; Cic. Vatin. 6; Tib. 1, 2, 46; Hor. S. 1, 8, 29; Stat. Th. 4, 414; Luc. 6, 733; Tac. A. 2, 28 al.—In a like sense:

    fulmina,

    to call down, Liv. 1, 20 fin.; Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 13.—
    II.
    Trop.:

    terra elicit herbescentem ex eo (sc. semine) viriditatem,

    Cic. de Sen. 15, 51:

    vocem,

    to utter, speak, Cic. Deiot. 1 fin. (but in Lucr. 3, 58, and Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57, the better reading is eicere voces):

    voces et querelas,

    id. Brut. 80, 278:

    sermonem,

    Liv. 9, 6:

    verbum ex eo de via ac ratione dicendi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 21, 97:

    sonos,

    id. N. D. 2, 60:

    sententiam alicujus,

    id. Att. 7, 1, 5; cf.:

    arcana ejus,

    Liv. 40, 23;

    and, veritatem,

    Tac. A. 4, 45:

    causas praesensionum,

    to elicit, ascertain, Cic. Div. 1, 8:

    misericordiam,

    Liv. 8, 28; Tac. H. 3, 58; cf.

    cupidinem,

    id. A. 16, 14:

    iram,

    Curt. 8, 5 fin.:

    studia civium,

    Tac. A. 15, 33 et saep.:

    ferrum e terrae cavernis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

    ignem lapidum conflictu,

    id. ib. 2, 9 fin.: sanguinem, id. poët. Tusc. 1, 48 fin. Kühn.; Tac. A. 12, 47:

    sudorem,

    Plin. 25, 11, 89, § 189:

    alvum,

    to relax, id. 19, 5, 26, § 80:

    lacrimas,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 13; Vell. 2, 104, 4:

    litteras,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; 9, 2:

    cadum,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 17 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > elicio

  • 118 excutio

    ex-cŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, 3 (archaic perf. subj. excussit, for excusserit, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16), v. a. [quatio], to shake out or off, to cast out, drive out, to send forth (class., esp. in the trop. sense).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    posse ex his (litteris) in terram excussis annales Ennii, ut deinceps legi possint, effici,

    shaken out, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 94:

    equus excussit equitem,

    threw off, Liv. 8, 7, 10:

    excussus equo,

    Verg. A. 11, 640:

    excussus curru,

    id. ib. 10, 590; Suet. Caes. 37; Curt. 3, 11; cf.:

    lectis excussit utrumque,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 112:

    gubernatorem in mare e puppi,

    Curt. 4, 4 med.; cf.

    also: ancora ictu ipso excussa e nave sua,

    Liv. 37, 30, 9:

    lapide clavum,

    to knock off, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 10:

    pulvis digitis excutiendus erit,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 150:

    poculum e manibus,

    Pers. 3, 101:

    ignem de crinibus,

    to shake off, Ov. M. 12, 281:

    rem de manu alicujus,

    to strike out, Dig. 47, 2, 53, § 13:

    Pelion subjectā Ossā (Juppiter),

    Ov. M. 1, 155:

    poma venti,

    to cast down, shake down, id. ib. 14, 764 et saep.:

    ne nucifrangibula (i. e. dentes) excussit ex malis meis,

    to knock out, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16; cf.:

    cerebrum alicui,

    id. Capt. 3, 4, 69; id. Aul. 2, 1, 29:

    oculum alicui cyatho, verberibus,

    id. Pers. 5, 2, 16; Suet. Tib. 53; cf.:

    oculo excusso,

    id. Caes. 68: ipso cum domino calce omnes excutiamus, to drive out or forth, Lucil. ap. Non. 298, 33:

    Teucros vallo,

    Verg. A. 9, 68:

    hostem oppidis et regionibus,

    Flor. 2, 6, 42:

    ab obsidione Nolae urbis (with pellere a Campania),

    id. ib. 29:

    feras cubilibus,

    to scare, rouse up, Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

    si flava excutitur Chloë,

    be shaken off, cast off, Hor. C. 3, 9, 19:

    (viros) excussos patriā infesta sequi,

    Verg. A. 7, 299:

    ut me excutiam atque egrediar domo,

    take myself off, decamp, Ter. Ph. 4, 1, 20:

    quartanas,

    to drive away, Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 56 et saep.:

    (leo) gaudet comantes Excutiens cervice toros,

    shaking about, shaking, Verg. A. 12, 7; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 71:

    caesariem,

    Ov. M. 4, 492:

    pennas,

    id. ib. 6, 703:

    habenas,

    id. ib. 5, 404; cf.:

    nares inflare et movere... et pulso subito spiritu excutere, etc.,

    to blow up, dilate, Quint. 11, 3, 80:

    se (gallinae edito ovo),

    Plin. 10, 41, 57, § 116:

    tela,

    to hurl, discharge, Tac. A. 2, 20; cf. Curt. 8, 13:

    fulmen in Thebas,

    Stat. Th. 10, 69:

    excussaque brachia jacto,

    tossed, Ov. M. 5, 596; id. H. 18, 189:

    (aër) Excussit calidum flammis velocibus ignem,

    sends out, produces, Lucr. 6, 688; cf. id. 6, 161: largum imbrem (procellae), Curt. 4, 7:

    lacrimas alicui,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 15:

    vomitum alicui,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15:

    sudorem,

    Nep. Eum. 5 et saep.— Transf.:

    excutior somno,

    I am roused from sleep, Verg. A. 2, 302; Ov. H. 13, 111; Hor. S. 2, 6, 112.—
    B.
    In partic., to shake out, shake.
    1.
    Esp. a garment, to free it from dust:

    vexatam solo vestem,

    Petr. 128, 4; Vulg. Act. 18, 6; cf.:

    excutere de pulvere,

    shake yourself, Vulg. Isa. 52, 2; and:

    pulverem de pedibus,

    id. Matt. 10, 14.—
    2.
    To stir, move any thing to see under it; and hence, to search, examine a person: St. Di me perdant, si ego tui quicquam abstuli. Eu. Agedum, excutedum pallium, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 19; so,

    culcitisque et stragulis praetentatis et excussis,

    Suet. Claud. 35.—With personal objects: excutiuntur tabellarii, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4; cf.:

    verum (porcellum) ut subesse pallio contenderent Et excuti juberent,

    Phaedr. 5, 5, 19:

    non excutio te, si quid forte ferri habuisti: non scrutor,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to shake out or off, force away, etc.:

    omnes istorum delicias, omnes ineptias,

    to shake off, discard, Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

    noli aculeos orationis meae, qui reconditi sunt, excussos arbitrari,

    plucked out, removed, id. Sull. 16, 47:

    omnia ista nobis studia de manibus excutiuntur,

    are torn, wrested from our hands, id. Mur. 14, 30; cf.:

    hanc excutere opinionem mihimet volui radicitus,

    id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

    severitatem veterem,

    id. Fam. 9, 10, 2; cf.

    also: excutient tibi istam verborum jactationem,

    id. Sull. 8, 24:

    excute corde metum,

    remove, banish, Ov. M. 3, 689:

    diros amores,

    id. ib. 10, 426:

    orbem paci excutere,

    to banish peace from the world, Luc. 1, 69:

    omnis quae erat conceptae mentis intentio mora et interdum iracundia excutitur,

    Quint. 10, 3, 20:

    quem (Senecam) non equidem omnino conabar excutere,

    id. 10, 1, 126:

    aliena negotia curo, excussus propriis,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 20:

    dummodo risum excutiat sibi,

    can raise, produce, id. ib. 1, 4, 35. —
    B.
    In partic. (acc. to I. B.), to search, examine, inspect, investigate:

    explicando excutiendoque verbo,

    Cic. Part. Or. 36, 134; cf.: pervulgata atque in manibus jactata et excussa, qs. shaken out, i. e. examined, id. Mur. 12. 26:

    illud excutiendum est, ut sciatur quid sit carere,

    id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

    quae fere omnia Cicero in crimine veneficii excutit,

    Quint. 5, 7, 37; 12, 8, 13:

    totum locum,

    id. 5, 7, 6:

    aut conjecturā excutiuntur, an vera sint, etc.,

    id. 5, 13, 19 et saep.— Hence, excussus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, extended, stiff (post-Aug. and rare):

    interest, utrum tela excusso lacerto torqueantur, an remissa manu effluant,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 6; so,

    lacerto,

    Ov. H. 4, 43:

    palma excussissima,

    Petr. 95.— Adv.: excussē, strongly, violently:

    mittere pilam (with rigide, opp. languidius),

    Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excutio

  • 119 expendo

    ex-pendo, di, sum, 3, v. a., to weigh out, weigh.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (very rare):

    aliquem,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 34:

    ut jam expendantur, non numerentur pecuniae,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 97:

    bacam, nucem,

    Cels. 5, 19, 12.—With abl. of that against which any thing is weighed:

    hunc hominem decet auro expendi,

    i. e. is worth his weight in gold, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1.— Poet.:

    ibat et expenso planta morata gradu,

    measured, Prop. 2, 4, 6 (16).—
    B.
    In partic., to weigh out money in payment, to pay out, pay; to lay out, expend (class.;

    syn.: pendo, impendo, pondero, solvo, luo): ante pedes praetoris in foro expensum est auri pondo centum,

    Cic. Fl. 28, 68:

    nummos nominibus certis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105:

    usuras gravissimas,

    Dig. 19, 1, 47:

    viginti milia talenta in hos sumptus,

    Just. 12, 11.—With abl.:

    aurum auro expendetur, argentum argento exaequabitur,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 43. —
    2.
    In the part. perf. as a neutr. subst.: expensum, i, money paid, a payment:

    bene igitur ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,

    of debt and credit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 146; id. Truc. 1, 1, 54:

    in codicem expensum et receptum referre,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 3:

    probari debere pecuniam datam consuetis modis, expensi latione, mensae rationibus, chirographi exhibitione, etc.,

    Gell. 14, 2, 7.—Esp. freq.: ferre alicui expensum or pecuniam expensam, to set down, enter, charge, reckon, account a sum as paid (opp. accipio):

    quod minus Dolabella Verri acceptum retulit quam Verres illi expensum tulerit... quid proderat tibi te expensum illis non tulisse?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, §§

    100 and 102: haec pecunia necesse est aut data aut expensa lata aut stipulata sit,

    id. Rosc. Com. 5, 14: pecunias ferre (opp. acceptas referre), Auct. B. Alex. 56, 3: homines prope quadringentos produxisse dicitur, quibus sine fenore pecunias expensas tulisset, had set down, i. e. lent, Liv. 5, 20, 6.—Rarely transf., of other things: legio, quam expensam tulit C. Caesari Pompeius, i. e. transferred, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4; for which also: expenso ferre vestem supellectilis nomine, Dig. 33, 10, 19.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) To weigh mentally, to ponder, estimate, consider, judge, decide (class.):

    equidem cum colligo argumenta causarum, non tam ea numerare soleo quam expendere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 76 fin.; cf.:

    in dissensione civili... expendendos cives non numerandos puto,

    id. Rep. 6, 1:

    omnia expendet ac seliget,

    id. Or. 15, 47:

    vos in privatis minimarum rerum judiciis testem diligenter expenditis,

    id. Fl. 5, 12:

    singula animo suo,

    Ov. Am. 3, 5, 34:

    haec arte aliqua,

    Cic. Brut. 50, 186; cf.:

    verba arte,

    Tac. A. 13, 3:

    omnes casus,

    Verg. A. 12, 21:

    belli consilia,

    Tac. H. 1, 87:

    causam meritis,

    to decide, Ov. M. 13, 150 et saep.:

    quae contemplantes expendere oportebit, quid quisque habeat sui,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:

    Hannibalem,

    Juv. 10, 147:

    quid conveniat nobis,

    id. 10, 347.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay a penalty, suffer a punishment ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): poenas Jovi expendisse (shortly after, in prose, poenas pendens), Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; cf.:

    infanda per orbem Supplicia et scelerum poenas expendimus omnes,

    Verg. A. 11, 258:

    dignas poenas pro talibus ausis,

    Sil. 13, 698:

    poenas capite,

    Tac. A. 12, 19:

    dura supplicia,

    Sil. 6, 588.—Hence, to pay for, expiate:

    scelus,

    Verg. A. 2, 229:

    dignum pretium Poeno,

    Sil. 7, 713.—
    C.
    (Cf. I. B. 2.) Ipsam facilitati suae expensum ferre debere, i. e. have to ascribe to, Dig. 36, 4, 3:

    creditores suae negligentiae expensum ferre debeant,

    ib. 42, 8, 24.—
    * expense, adv., largely, very much (late Lat.), Theod. Prisc. de Diaeta, 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > expendo

  • 120 frango

    frango, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [root in Gr. FPAT, rhêgnumi, rhêgma, rhôgaleos; Goth. Brikkan; Irish brissim; Germ. brechen; Engl. break; but cf. Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 182, and v. the letter F], to break, break in pieces, dash to pieces, shiver, break in two (cf.: rumpo, diffringo).
    I.
    Lit.: hastas frangit quatitque, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 435 ed. Vahl.); cf.: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 504, 33 (Trag. v. 213 ed. Vahl.): fraxinus frangitur atque abies consternitur alta, is broken, felled, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 195 ed. Vahl.):

    simulacra,

    Lucr. 6, 419:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo: ergo alter alterius ubicumque nactus est ova, frangit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    anulus aureus fractus et comminatus est,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

    compluribus navibus fractis,

    dashed to pieces, Caes. B. G. 4, 29, 3:

    naves,

    Hor. A. P. 20:

    navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 17; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57:

    domus fracta conjectu lapidum,

    Cic. Att. 4, 3, 2:

    janua frangatur, latret canis,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 128:

    patinam,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 72:

    lagenam,

    id. ib. 81:

    crystallina,

    Mart. 14, 111:

    aulas in caput,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21:

    corpora ad saxum,

    Verg. A. 3, 625:

    vindices rerum capitalium laqueo gulam fregere,

    broke his neck, strangled him, Sall. C. 55, 5:

    cervices civium Romanorum in carcere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147; id. Vatin. 11, 26:

    senile guttur parentis impiā manu,

    Hor. Epod. 3, 2:

    cerebrum,

    Verg. A. 5, 413:

    brachium,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253; cf.

    coxam,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

    crus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 59:

    crura,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 27; Suet. Aug. 67; id. Tib. 44; Vulg. Johan. 19, 31:

    cornu in arbore,

    Ov. F. 5, 121:

    non ego te, tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor,

    to tear in pieces, Hor. C. 1, 23, 10; cf.:

    indomitos ut cum Massyla per arva Armenti reges magno leo fregit hiatu, etc.,

    Stat. Th. 11, 28; Val. Fl. 2, 458; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

    nubes in montem actae non franguntur, sed circumfunduntur,

    Sen. Q. N. 2, 28, 2.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to break up small, to grind, bruise, crush (freq. since the Aug. per.):

    glebam bidentibus,

    Verg. G. 2, 400;

    glebas,

    id. ib. 3, 161:

    fruges robore saxi,

    Lucr. 1, 882:

    farra saxo,

    Val. Fl. 2, 448:

    hordeum molis,

    Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 72:

    granum dentibus,

    id. 18, 24, 54, § 196:

    fabam,

    id. 19, 3, 15, § 40:

    glandem (sues),

    Verg. G. 2, 72:

    testes homini,

    Plin. 11, 49, 110, § 263:

    toros,

    to press, throw one's self upon, Mart. 2, 59, 3; 4, 8, 6: comam in gradus, to twist, braid, Quint. 1, 6, 44:

    mare montis ad ejus Radices frangit fluctus,

    breaks, Lucr. 6, 695; cf.:

    quam (fortunam) existimo levem et imbecillam ab animo firmo et gravi tamquam fluctum a saxo frangi oportere,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

    fluctus (scopulus),

    Luc. 6, 266:

    undam,

    Ov. F. 4, 282:

    aquas,

    Quint. 9, 4, 7:

    amnem nando,

    Luc. 8, 374; cf. Sil. 3, 457; 8, 555:

    iter,

    i. e. turn off from it, Stat. Th. 12, 232.
    II.
    Trop., to break down, subdue, weaken, diminish, violate; to soften, move, touch:

    quem (Viriathum) C. Laelius praetor ita fregit et comminuit ferocitatemque ejus ita repressit, ut, etc.,

    broke down, subdued, Cic. Off. 2, 11 fin.; cf.:

    fractam illam et debilitatam vim suam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

    quem series immensa laborum fregerit,

    Ov. H. 9, 6:

    nationes frangere domareque,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

    proeliis calamitatibusque fracti,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7:

    victi sumus igitur, aut, si vinci dignitas non potest, fracti certe et abjecti,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    te ut ulla res frangat?

    would break, shake thy resolution, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22; cf.:

    frangi metu, cupiditate,

    id. Off. 1, 20, 68:

    fractus ac debilitatus metu,

    id. de Or. 1, 26, 121:

    flecti animo atque frangi,

    id. Sull. 6, 18:

    frangi animo,

    id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:

    dolore,

    id. Fin. 2, 29, 95:

    misericordiā,

    id. Att. 7, 12, 3:

    pudore,

    id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48 et simil.; cf.

    also: aliquem auctoritate,

    id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

    aliquem patientiā,

    id. Brut. 25, 95: quae (vis) summas frangit infirmatque opes, Poët. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 28:

    debilitatur ac frangitur eloquentia,

    Tac. Dial. 39:

    mollis illa educatio, quam indulgentiam vocamus, nervos omnes et mentis et corporis frangit,

    Quint. 1, 2, 6:

    frangitur vox,

    id. 11, 3, 20; cf. id. 12, 11, 2:

    vox Auditur fractos sonitus imitata tubarum,

    Verg. G. 4, 72:

    et illa (littera), quae est sexta nostrarum (i. e. F) quoties aliquam consonantem frangit, ut in hoc ipso frangit, multo fit horridior,

    i. e. weakens, Quint. 12, 10, 29 Spald. (v. the passage in its connection); cf. id. 1, 4, 11:

    primum divisit ineleganter: duo enim genera quae erant, fecit tria: hoc est non dividere, sed frangere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 26; cf.:

    frangas citius quam corrigas, quae in pravum induruerunt,

    Quint. 1, 3, 12:

    bellum proeliis frangere,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    dignitatem,

    id. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

    hunc (pedum dolorem) abstinentiā, sanctitate vicit et fregit,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5:

    ut equorum cursum delicati minutis passibus frangunt,

    Quint. 9, 4, 113:

    animos frangi et debilitari molestiā,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2:

    ingenium (mala),

    Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 33:

    sublimia pectora (Venus et vinum),

    id. F. 1, 301:

    ego unus contudi et fregi exsultantis praedonis audaciam,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 13 fin.; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 301, 8 (id. Rep. 3, 36 ed. Mos.):

    furorem et petulantiam alicujus,

    id. Pis. 14, 31:

    libidines,

    id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

    odium iramque (risus),

    Quint. 6, 3, 9:

    impetum cogitationis (membranae),

    id. 10, 3, 31:

    consilium alicujus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 4; cf.:

    sententiam alicujus,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 1:

    foedus,

    id. Pis. 12, 28; id. Scaur. 42:

    fidem,

    id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16:

    jura pudicitiae,

    Prop. 4 (5), 5, 28:

    mandata,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 19:

    fas,

    Grat. Cyneg. 451:

    morantem diem mero (= breviorem reddere),

    to shorten, Hor. C. 2, 7, 6:

    vina,

    i. e. to weaken, dilute, Mart. 14, 103; Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 138:

    cum frangerem jam ipse me cogeremque illa ferre toleranter,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

    nec animus tantis se laboribus frangeret, neque, etc.,

    id. Arch. 11, 29:

    ante quam calores aut frigora se fregerunt,

    diminished, abated, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18; cf.:

    Scaevola paulum quiescet, dum se calor frangat,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

    fracti aestus et nondum orta frigora,

    Cels. 7, 7, 4 fin.; cf.:

    fluctus se frangit,

    Sen. Med. 392:

    glacies se frangit,

    id. Q. N. 4, 5, 4.—Hence, fractus, a, um, P. a., weakened, weak, feeble, faint:

    jamque adeo fracta est aetas effetaque tellus Vix animalia parva creat,

    Lucr. 2, 1151:

    quod me audis fractiorem esse animo,

    i. e. more disheartened, less courageous, Cic. Att. 11, 12, 4; cf.:

    spes amplificandae fortunae fractior,

    id. Lael. 16, 59:

    in compositione fractus,

    powerless, feeble, Quint. 12, 10, 12; cf.:

    quid est tam fractum, tam minutum, tam in ipsa concinnitate puerile?

    Cic. Brut. 83, 287; and:

    corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dicendi genus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 125: corrupta oratio maxime comprehensione obscura, compositione fracta consistit, id. [p. 777] 8, 3, 57:

    effeminata et fracta impudicis modis (musice),

    id. 1, 10, 31.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frango

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