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1 Langtischflächenschleifmaschine
f <wz.masch> ■ planer-type surface grinding machine; reciprocating-table surface grinding machine; planer-type surface grinderGerman-english technical dictionary > Langtischflächenschleifmaschine
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2 außen liegender Kühler
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > außen liegender Kühler
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3 außen liegender Regler
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > außen liegender Regler
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4 innenliegender Kühler
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > innenliegender Kühler
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5 innenliegender Regler
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > innenliegender Regler
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6 Höhle
пещера
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cave
1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.
2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.
3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution.
(Source: CED / WHIT / BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Höhle
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7 geschlossene (gekapselte) Schaltgerätekombination
НКУ защищенное
НКУ закрытое со всех сторон (за возможным исключением монтажной поверхности), в котором после его установки обеспечивается степень защиты не менее IP2X.
[ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]
защищенное НКУ
НКУ, конструкция которого обеспечивает требуемую степень защиты со всех сторон от прикосновения к частям, находящимся под напряжением (за исключением монтажной поверхности).
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439.1-2013]EN
enclosed assembly (of switchgear and controlgear)
an assembly enclosed on all sides, top and bottom in such a manner as to provide a specified degree of protection
NOTE – The mounting surface may form a part of the enclosure when specified in the relevant publication.
[IEV number 441-12-02]FR
ensemble (d'appareillage de connexion et de commande)
sous enveloppe
ensemble comportant une paroi sur toutes ses faces latérales, supérieure et inférieure, de façon à assurer un degré de protection spécifié
NOTE – La surface de montage peut faire partie de l'enveloppe lorsqu'une publication particulière le spécifie.
[IEV number 441-12-0
Шкаф - защищенное НКУ, предназначенное для установки на полу
Safety enclosed boards are used for most new installations. Common terms used to designate equipment of this type are metal-enclosed switchgear and metal-clad switchgear.
Most safety enclosed boards are of the unit or sectional type. They consist of a combination of the desired number and type of standardized unit sections.
Each section is a standard factory-assembled combination of a formed steel panel and apparatus mounted on a steel framework.
Safety enclosed switchgear may be classified with respect to purpose of application as follows:
1. General medium- or high-voltage switchgear
2. Primary unit substations
3. Rectifier unit substations
4. Secondary unit substations or power centers
5. General low-voltage switchgear
6. Low-voltage distribution switchboards
7. Motor-control-center switchboards
[American electricians’ handbook]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
Классификация
>>>Обобщающие термины
Синонимы
EN
- enclosed assembly (of switchgear and controlgear)
- enclosed switchboard
- safety enclosed board
- safety enclosed switchgear
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > geschlossene (gekapselte) Schaltgerätekombination
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8 Erde
f; -, -n1. (Erdreich) earth, soil; (Bodenart) (type of) soil; in fremder / geweihter Erde ruhen rest in foreign / consecrated soil; zu Erde werden geh. euph. to dust return, turn to dust; Erde zu Erde, Staub zu Staub KIRCHL. ashes to ashes, dust to dust3. (Boden) ground; (Fußboden) floor; die Erde bebt the earth shakes ( oder trembles); über der Erde above ground; unter der Erde underground, below the surface; auf die oder zur Erde fallen fall to the ground (Fußboden: auch to [oder on] the floor); auf der bloßen oder blanken, nackten Erde on the bare ground; jemanden unter die Erde bringen umg.(beerdigen) bury s.o.; fig. (Tod verschulden) cause s.o.’s death, be the death of s.o. hum.; unter der Erde liegen geh. euph. be no longer with us, have gone to one’s long home; Boden, Erdboden, Fuß14. nur Sg.; (Welt) the world, the earth; auf der ganzen Erde all over the world, the world over, everywhere on earth; niemand auf der ganzen Erde nobody in the whole (wide) world, nobody on earth; auf Erden BIBL., geh. on earth, here below6. ETECH. earth, Am. ground* * *die Erde(Bodenart) soil;(Elektrizität) earth; ground;(Erdboden) ground;(Planet) earth; world* * *Er|de ['eːɐdə]f -, -n1) (= Welt) earth, worldunsere Mutter Érde (liter) — Mother Earth
auf Érden (old, liter) — on earth
auf der ganzen Érde — all over the world
niemand auf der ganzen Érde — nobody in the whole world
2) (= Boden) groundunter der Érde — underground, below ground; (fig) beneath the soil
über der Érde — above ground
auf die Érde fallen — to fall to the ground
auf nackter or bloßer Érde — on the bare ground
mit beiden Beinen or Füßen ( fest) auf der Érde stehen (fig) — to have both feet firmly on the ground
See:→ ebenfette/trockene Érde — rich/dry soil
zu Érde werden — to turn to dust
Érde zu Érde (Eccl) — dust to dust
seltene Érden (Chem) — rare earths
4) (ELEC = Erdung) earth, ground (US)* * *die1) (the third planet in order of distance from the Sun; the planet on which we live: Is Earth nearer the Sun than Mars is?; the geography of the earth.) earth2) (the world as opposed to heaven: heaven and earth.) earth3) (soil: Fill the plant-pot with earth.) earth4) (dry land; the ground: the earth, sea and sky.) earth* * *Er·de<-, -n>[ˈe:ɐ̯də]fder Planet \Erde the planet Earthauf der ganzen \Erde in the whole worldauf der ganzen \Erde bekannt known throughout the world2. (Erdreich) earth, soilauf der \Erde on the groundzu ebener \Erde at street leveldie neuen Wohnblocks wurden in einem Jahr buchstäblich aus der \Erde gestampft the new blocks of flats were literally thrown up in a year4. (Art des Bodens) soilfeuchte/fruchtbare \Erde damp/fertile soil6. CHEM earthseltene \Erden rare earths7.▶ jdn unter die \Erde bringen to be the death of sb* * *die; Erde, Erden1) (Erdreich) soil; earthein Klumpen Erde — a lump of earth
etwas in die Erde rammen — ram something into the ground
2) o. Pl. (fester Boden) groundetwas auf die Erde legen/stellen — put something down [on the ground]
zu ebener Erde — on the ground floor or (Amer.) the first floor
auf der Erde bleiben — (fig.) keep one's feet on the ground (fig.)
unter der Erde liegen — (geh. verhüll.) be in one's grave
jemanden unter die Erde bringen — (ugs.) bury somebody; (fig.): (töten) be the death of somebody (coll.)
3) o. Pl. (Welt) earth; worldauf Erden — (bibl.)
ein ruhiges/idyllisches Fleckchen Erde — a peaceful/idyllic spot
4) o. Pl. (Planet) Earth5) (Elektrot.) earth* * *in fremder/geweihter Erde ruhen rest in foreign/consecrated soil;zu Erde werden geh euph to dust return, turn to dust;Erde zu Erde, Staub zu Staub KIRCHE ashes to ashes, dust to dust2. CHEM earth;seltene Erden rare earths, lanthanidesdie Erde bebt the earth shakes ( oder trembles);über der Erde above ground;unter der Erde underground, below the surface;blanken, nackten Erde on the bare ground;jemanden unter die Erde bringen umg(beerdigen) bury sb; fig (Tod verschulden) cause sb’s death, be the death of sb hum;unter der Erde liegen geh euph be no longer with us, have gone to one’s long home; → Boden, Erdboden, Fuß1auf der ganzen Erde all over the world, the world over, everywhere on earth;niemand auf der ganzen Erde nobody in the whole (wide) world, nobody on earth;Mutter Erde poet Mother Earth6. ELEK earth, US ground* * *die; Erde, Erden1) (Erdreich) soil; earth2) o. Pl. (fester Boden) groundetwas auf die Erde legen/stellen — put something down [on the ground]
zu ebener Erde — on the ground floor or (Amer.) the first floor
auf der Erde bleiben — (fig.) keep one's feet on the ground (fig.)
unter der Erde liegen — (geh. verhüll.) be in one's grave
jemanden unter die Erde bringen — (ugs.) bury somebody; (fig.): (töten) be the death of somebody (coll.)
3) o. Pl. (Welt) earth; worldauf Erden — (bibl.)
ein ruhiges/idyllisches Fleckchen Erde — a peaceful/idyllic spot
4) o. Pl. (Planet) Earth5) (Elektrot.) earth* * *-n f.earth n.soil n.world n. -
9 schräg
I Adj.1. (schräg abfallend) sloping (auch Dach), slanting (auch Augen); (schräg verlaufend) diagonal; Linie: auch oblique; schräger Bruch MED. oblique fracture; schräger Blick sidelong glance; fig. disapproving look2. umg., fig. oddball; schräge Ansichten weird ideas; schräge Klamotten way-out clothes; schräge Musik off-beat music; weitS. (Jazz) hot jazz; schräger Vogel shady-looking characterII Adv.1. schneiden, stellen etc.: at an angle; schräg gestreift diagonally striped; schräg gegenüber diagonally opposite; schräg stehende Augen slanting eyes; schräg parken park at an angle; schräg über die Straße gehen cross the road at an angle; jemanden schräg ansehen give s.o. a sidelong glance; fig. look askance at s.o.; den Kopf schräg halten have one’s head tilted ( oder cocked) to one side* * *leaning (Adj.); slanting (Adj.); askew (Adj.); slanting (Adj.); oblique (Adj.); cross (Adj.); bias (Adj.); transverse (Adj.); sloping (Adj.); transversal (Adj.); sloped (Adj.); slantwise (Adj.); slantwise (Adv.); athwart (Adv.); aslant (Adj.)* * *[ʃrɛːk]1. adj1) (= schief, geneigt) sloping; Schrift sloping, slanting; Augen slanted, slanting; Kante bevelled (Brit), beveled (US)2) (= nicht gerade, nicht parallel) oblique; Linie oblique, diagonal3) (inf = verdächtig) suspicious, fishy (inf)4) (inf = seltsam) Musik, Vorstellungen, Leute weirdein schrä́ger Vogel — a queer fish (Brit inf), a strange bird (US)
2. advden Hut schrä́g aufsetzen — to put one's hat on at an angle
schrä́g stehende Augen — slanting or slanted eyes
2) (= nicht gerade, nicht parallel) obliquely; überqueren, gestreift diagonally; (SEW) on the bias; schneiden on the cross or biasschrä́g gegenüber/hinter — diagonally opposite/behind
schrä́g rechts/links — diagonally to the right/left
schrä́g rechts/links abbiegen (Auto, Fähre) — to bear or fork right/left
die Straße biegt schrä́g ab — the road forks off
schrä́g gedruckt — in italics
schrä́g laufend — diagonal, oblique
den Kopf schrä́g halten — to hold one's head at an angle or cocked to one side
schrä́g parken — to park at an angle
die Sonne schien schrä́g ins Fenster — the sun slanted in through the window
jdn schrä́g ansehen or angucken (lit) — to look at sb out of the corner of one's eye; (fig) to look askance at sb
schrä́g zum Hang queren/fahren — to traverse
schrä́g zum Fadenlauf — on the bias
* * *(sloping: He drew an oblique line from one corner of the paper to the other.) oblique* * *[ʃrɛ:k]I. adj1. (schief) sloping; (Position, Wuchs) slanted; (Linien, Streifen) diagonal, oblique; (Kante) bevelled, beveled AMII. adv1. (schief) at an angle, askew, at a slanteinen Hut \schräg aufsetzen to put a hat on at a slant [or an angle]etw \schräg schraffieren to hatch sth with diagonal [or oblique] linesdas Bild hängt \schräg the picture is hanging askew; s.a. Augelinks/rechts \schräg abbiegen to bear to the left/right\schräg abknicken to fork off\schräg überqueren to cross diagonally4.* * *1.1) diagonal <line, beam, cut, etc.>; sloping <surface, roof, wall, side, etc.>; slanting, slanted <writing, eyes, etc.>; tilted <position of the head etc., axis>2) (ugs.): (unseriös) offbeat2.adverbial at an angle; (diagonal) diagonallyden Kopf schräg halten — hold one's head to one side; tilt one's head
er saß schräg vor/hinter mir — he was sitting in front of/behind me and to one side
schräg gedruckt — [printed] in italics postpos.
jemanden schräg angucken — (fig. ugs.) look askance at somebody
* * *A. adj1. (schräg abfallend) sloping (auch Dach), slanting (auch Augen); (schräg verlaufend) diagonal; Linie: auch oblique;schräger Bruch MED oblique fracture;schräger Blick sidelong glance; fig disapproving look2. umg, fig oddball;schräge Ansichten weird ideas;schräge Klamotten way-out clothes;schräge Musik off-beat music; weitS. (Jazz) hot jazz;schräger Vogel shady-looking characterB. adv1. schneiden, stellen etc: at an angle;schräg gestreift diagonally striped;schräg gegenüber diagonally opposite;schräg stehende Augen slanting eyes;schräg parken park at an angle;schräg über die Straße gehen cross the road at an angle;jemanden schräg ansehen give sb a sidelong glance; fig look askance at sb;den Kopf schräg halten have one’s head tilted ( oder cocked) to one side2. umg, fig (seltsam) weirdly;schräg angezogen sein be wearing way-out clothes* * *1.1) diagonal <line, beam, cut, etc.>; sloping <surface, roof, wall, side, etc.>; slanting, slanted <writing, eyes, etc.>; tilted <position of the head etc., axis>2) (ugs.): (unseriös) offbeat2.adverbial at an angle; (diagonal) diagonallyden Kopf schräg halten — hold one's head to one side; tilt one's head
er saß schräg vor/hinter mir — he was sitting in front of/behind me and to one side
schräg gedruckt — [printed] in italics postpos.
jemanden schräg angucken — (fig. ugs.) look askance at somebody
* * *adj.angular adj.askew adj.oblique adj.skew adj.slanting adj.sloped adj.sloping adj.transversal adj.transverse adj. adv.obliquely adv.slantingly adv.slantwise adv.transversely adv. -
10 Spiegel
m; -s, -1. mirror (auch fig.); MED. (Spekulum) speculum; sich im Spiegel betrachten look at o.s. in the mirror; jemandem einen Spiegel vorhalten fig. hold a mirror up to s.o.; die Ereignisse der Woche im Spiegel der Presse the week’s events as seen by the press; das kannst du dir hinter den Spiegel stecken! umg. and don’t you forget it!2. (Stand einer Flüssigkeit, auch des Blutzuckers etc.) level3. Jägerspr., bei Reh etc.: escutcheon; bei Ente etc.: speculum; Satzspiegel* * *der Spiegelreflector; glass; mirror; looking-glass* * *Spie|gel ['ʃpiːgl]m -s, -1) mirror, glass (old); (MED) speculum; (fig) mirrorin den Spíégel schauen or sehen — to look in the mirror
glatt wie ein Spíégel — like glass
im Spíégel der Öffentlichkeit or der öffentlichen Meinung — as seen by the public, as reflected in public opinion
jdm den Spíégel vorhalten (fig) — to hold up a mirror to sb
2) (= Wasserspiegel, Alkoholspiegel, Zuckerspiegel) level; (= Wasseroberfläche) surface3) (= Aufschlag) lapel; (MIL = Kragenspiegel) tab4) (ARCHIT von Decke, Tür) panel6) (LITER = Sammlung von Regeln, Gesetzen etc) code* * *der1) ((also looking-glass) a mirror.) glass2) (a mirror.) looking-glass3) (a piece of glass or metal having a surface that reflects an image: She spends a lot of time looking in the mirror.) mirror* * *Spie·gel<-s, ->[ˈʃpi:gl̩]m mirror▶ jdm den \Spiegel vorhalten to hold up a mirror to sbunser Kind hält uns den \Spiegel vor seeing our child is like looking in the mirror* * *der; Spiegels, Spiegel1) mirrorim Spiegel der Presse — (fig.) as mirrored or reflected in the press
2) (Wasserstand, BlutzuckerSpiegel, AlkoholSpiegel usw.) level; (Wasseroberfläche) surface* * *sich im Spiegel betrachten look at o.s. in the mirror;jemandem einen Spiegel vorhalten fig hold a mirror up to sb;die Ereignisse der Woche im Spiegel der Presse the week’s events as seen by the press;das kannst du dir hinter den Spiegel stecken! umg and don’t you forget it!2. (Stand einer Flüssigkeit, auch des Blutzuckers etc) level* * *der; Spiegels, Spiegel1) mirrorim Spiegel der Presse — (fig.) as mirrored or reflected in the press
2) (Wasserstand, BlutzuckerSpiegel, AlkoholSpiegel usw.) level; (Wasseroberfläche) surface* * *- (Medizin) m.speculum n. - (Technik) m.reflector n. - m.glass n.(§ pl.: glasses)looking-glass n.mirror n. -
11 spiegel
m; -s, -1. mirror (auch fig.); MED. (Spekulum) speculum; sich im Spiegel betrachten look at o.s. in the mirror; jemandem einen Spiegel vorhalten fig. hold a mirror up to s.o.; die Ereignisse der Woche im Spiegel der Presse the week’s events as seen by the press; das kannst du dir hinter den Spiegel stecken! umg. and don’t you forget it!2. (Stand einer Flüssigkeit, auch des Blutzuckers etc.) level3. Jägerspr., bei Reh etc.: escutcheon; bei Ente etc.: speculum; Satzspiegel* * *der Spiegelreflector; glass; mirror; looking-glass* * *Spie|gel ['ʃpiːgl]m -s, -1) mirror, glass (old); (MED) speculum; (fig) mirrorin den Spíégel schauen or sehen — to look in the mirror
glatt wie ein Spíégel — like glass
im Spíégel der Öffentlichkeit or der öffentlichen Meinung — as seen by the public, as reflected in public opinion
jdm den Spíégel vorhalten (fig) — to hold up a mirror to sb
2) (= Wasserspiegel, Alkoholspiegel, Zuckerspiegel) level; (= Wasseroberfläche) surface3) (= Aufschlag) lapel; (MIL = Kragenspiegel) tab4) (ARCHIT von Decke, Tür) panel6) (LITER = Sammlung von Regeln, Gesetzen etc) code* * *der1) ((also looking-glass) a mirror.) glass2) (a mirror.) looking-glass3) (a piece of glass or metal having a surface that reflects an image: She spends a lot of time looking in the mirror.) mirror* * *Spie·gel<-s, ->[ˈʃpi:gl̩]m mirror▶ jdm den \Spiegel vorhalten to hold up a mirror to sbunser Kind hält uns den \Spiegel vor seeing our child is like looking in the mirror* * *der; Spiegels, Spiegel1) mirrorim Spiegel der Presse — (fig.) as mirrored or reflected in the press
2) (Wasserstand, BlutzuckerSpiegel, AlkoholSpiegel usw.) level; (Wasseroberfläche) surface* * *…spiegel m im subst (Menge):Glukosespiegel (blood) glucose level;Hormonspiegel hormone level* * *der; Spiegels, Spiegel1) mirrorim Spiegel der Presse — (fig.) as mirrored or reflected in the press
2) (Wasserstand, BlutzuckerSpiegel, AlkoholSpiegel usw.) level; (Wasseroberfläche) surface* * *- (Medizin) m.speculum n. - (Technik) m.reflector n. - m.glass n.(§ pl.: glasses)looking-glass n.mirror n. -
12 Wasserrohrkühler
Wasserrohrkühler m HÜTT/WALZ surface type attemperator, surface type attemperator with water through tubes, water tube attemperator -
13 Oberflächendampfkühler
поверхностный пароохладитель стационарного котла
Пароохладитель стационарного котла, в котором понижение температуры пара производится питательной или котловой водой через разделяющую поверхность.
[ ГОСТ 23172-78]Тематики
- котел, водонагреватель
EN
DE
FR
102. Поверхностный пароохладитель стационарного котла
D. Oberflachendampfkuhler
E. Surface-type attemperator
F. Refroidisseur de vapeur superficiel
Пароохладитель стационарного котла, в котором понижение температуры пара производится питательной или котловой водой через разделяющую поверхность
Источник: ГОСТ 23172-78: Котлы стационарные. Термины и определения оригинал документа
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Oberflächendampfkühler
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14 Gleitfunkenkerze
f <kfz.el> (Funkenstrecke innen liegend; z.B. in Rennmotoren) ■ surface gap spark plug; surface discharge spark plug Beru ; surface gap type plug -
15 Gleitfunkenzündkerze
f <kfz.el> (Funkenstrecke innen liegend; z.B. in Rennmotoren) ■ surface gap spark plug; surface discharge spark plug Beru ; surface gap type plug -
16 Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
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17 Strombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Strombelastbarkeit, f
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18 Plattenelektroentstauber
m < ents> ■ plate-type electrostatic precipitator; flate-surface type electrostatic precipitator; plate-type ESP; plate precipitatorGerman-english technical dictionary > Plattenelektroentstauber
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19 Plattenelektrofilter
n < ents> ■ plate-type electrostatic precipitator; flate-surface type electrostatic precipitator; plate-type ESP; plate precipitator -
20 Standard
Standard m 1. BÖRSE standard (Std); 2. COMP default; 3. GEN standard grade* * ** * *Standard
(Maßstab) standard, mark, (Währung) monetary standard;
• zum Standard avancieren to become standard;
• in der Herstellung einem gewissen Standard entsprechen to be produced to a certain standard;
• Standardabmachung regular arrangement;
• Standardabweichung standard deviation, (Statistik) variance;
• Standardaktien representative shares (stocks, US), gilt-edged shares (Br.), blue chips (US);
• Standardartikel standard line;
• Standardausführung standard make (model, design), conventional type, (Auto) standard car, stock model (US);
• Standardausgabe standard edition;
• Standardausrüstung standard equipment;
• Standardausstattung regular equipment;
• Standardbedingungen standard specifications;
• Standardbrief standard (surface, Br.) letter;
• Standardbriefdrucksachen surface printed papers (Br.);
• Standarderzeugnis standard item, standardized product;
• Standardfabrikat (Auto) standard car, stock model (US);
• Standardfehler (Statistik) standard error;
• Standardform standard form;
• Standardformat standardized sheet size, (Anzeige) standard unit (size);
• Standardgewicht agreement weight;
• Standardgröße stock (standard) size;
• internationale Standardgröße standard international size;
• Standardherstellungskosten standard cost.
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Type 209-1200 (marine argentine) — Type 209 Type 209 1400 de la marine turque. L Allemagne est le premier exportateur occidental de sous marins. Les sous marins d attaque de la classe Type 209 sont des sous marins de conception allemande utilisés et construits dans plusieurs pays … Wikipédia en Français
Type 209-1300 — Type 209 Type 209 1400 de la marine turque. L Allemagne est le premier exportateur occidental de sous marins. Les sous marins d attaque de la classe Type 209 sont des sous marins de conception allemande utilisés et construits dans plusieurs pays … Wikipédia en Français
