twist

vexo ( inf. vexarier, Verg. Cir. 480), āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [veho], orig., to shake, jolt, toss in carrying; hence, in gen., to move violently, to shake, agitate.

Lit. (rare; syn. quatio): vexasse grave verbum est, factumque ab eo videtur, quod est vehere;

in quo inest jam vis quaedam alieni arbitrii. Non enim sui potens est, qui vehitur. Vexare autem, quod ex eo inclinatum est, vi atque motu procul dubio vastiore est. Nam qui fertur et raptatur atque huc atque illuc distrahitur, is vexari proprie dicitur, etc.,

Gell. 2, 6, 5:

(rector) per confragosa vexabitur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 41, 68:

navigia in summum veniant vexata periclum,

Lucr. 6, 430:

Dulichias vexasse rates,

Verg. E. 6, 76:

classis vexata est tempestate,

Vell. 2, 79, 4:

(venti vis) montes supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

Lucr. 1, 275:

venti caeli nubila vexant,

Ov. M. 11, 435:

in turbā vexatus,

tossed back and forth, Suet. Aug. 53 fin.:

ruina cum clade vexatarum regionum (of an earthquake),

Just. 17, 1, 3. —

Transf., in gen., to injure, damage, molest, annoy, distress, plague, trouble, maltreat, abuse, vex, harass, disquiet, disturb, torment, etc. (syn.: ango, crucio, vasto, the predom. signif. of the word).

Physically: cum Hannibal terram Italiam laceraret atque vexaret, Cato ap. Gell. 2, 6, 7:

agros vectigales vexatos et exinanitos a Verre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 122:

Siciliam,

id. ib. 1, 4, 12;

2, 3, 54, § 125: omnem Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

agros,

id. ib. 4, 15 fin.:

urbes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 29:

rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 10, 27:

Amanienses hostes sempiternos,

id. Fam. 2, 10, 3:

hostes,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43; Hirt. B. G. 8, 31 al.:

vexati omnes difficultate viae,

Liv. 40, 22, 6; 42, 55, 3:

vexato exercitu descendit,

id. 36, 30, 6:

quos et ipsos... locorum asperitas hostiliter vexavit,

id. 43, 5, 10; Nep. Eum. 5, 2:

quem (stomachum) umor vexat,

Plin. 20, 8, 32, § 76:

fauces (tussis),

Mart. 11, 86, 1:

vites frigore,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

dentes percussu,

id. 28, 11, 49, § 180:

vestem solo,

to rumple, disorder, Petr. 128:

rosas,

to crush, Mart. 11, 89, 2:

comas,

to twist, frizzle, Ov. Am. 1, 14, 24.—In mal. part.:

maritum,

Mart. 8, 46, 7; 11, 81, 1; Petr. 139; Aus. Epigr. 108.—

In the part. perf. subst.: vexāta, ōrum, n., injured parts of the body, hurts, injuries, Cels. 7 praef. fin.; ib. 1; Plin. 8, 27, 41, § 97; Scrib. Comp. 101.—

Mentally:

aliquem probris maledictisque,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48:

(Quinctius) multis vexatus contumeliis,

id. Quint. 31, 98:

aliquem honestissimis contentionibus,

id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

aliquem iis verbis, ut, etc.,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

vexatur Theophrastus et libris et scholis omnium philosophorum,

is attacked, id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25:

sollicitudo vexat impios,

disquiets, torments, id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf.:

ita conscientia mentem excitam vexabat,

Sall. C. 15, 4:

me honoris cupido vexabat,

id. ib. 3, 5:

mentem mariti philtris,

Juv. 6, 611.

vĭtĭum, ii ( gen. plur. vitiūm, Titin. ap. Non. p. 495, 13), n. [from the same root with vieo, vitis, vitta; prop. a twist; hence], a fault, defect, blemish, imperfection, vice (syn. menda).

Lit.: quomodo autem in corpore est morbus, est aegrotatio, est vitium: sic in animo. Morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem: aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate: vitium, cum partes corporis inter se dissident;

ex quo pravitas membrorum, distortio, deformitas. Itaque illa duo, morbus et aegrotatio, ex totius valetudinis corporis conquassatione et perturbatione gignuntur: vitium autem integrā valetudine ipsum ex se cernitur,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29:

corporis,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118; Ov. F. 4, 148:

mancipii,

Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 6:

jumenti,

ib. 21, 1, 38 init. —In buildings, a breach, defect:

si nihil est in parietibus aut in tecto vitii,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 5; cf.:

si aedes corruerunt vitiumve fecerunt,

have received damage, become damaged, id. Top. 3, 15.—In plants, a blemish, vice:

sive illis (agris) omne per ignem Excoquitur vitium atque exsudat inutilis umor,

Verg. G. 1, 88:

vitio moriens sitit aëris herba,

id. E. 7, 57.—In fruits, the useless part, the core:

vitiumque cinctum fructu,

Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 112.—

Trop.

In gen., a fault, defect, blemish:

acutius atque acrius vitia in dicente quam recta videre,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 116; cf.

orationis,

Quint. 1, 5, 1; 12, 1, 22:

sermonis,

id. 1, 1, 13:

soloecismi,

id. 1, 5, 53:

ingenii,

id. 10, 1, 60:

mentis,

id. 12, 1, 32:

Stoicae sectae,

id. 11, 1, 70:

et illud mihi vitium'st maximum,

my greatest fault, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 37:

huc si perveneris, meum vitium fuerit,

my fault, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

quamvis quis fortunae vitio, non suo decexisset,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 44:

honorem vitio civitatis, non suo, non sunt adsecuti,

id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

male conjecta falsa sunt, non rerum vitio, sed interpretum inscientiā,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118: animadverso vitio castrorum totā nocte munitiones proferunt, i. e. the faulty, unfavorable position (just before:

natura iniquo loco castra ponunt),

Caes. B. C. 1, 81:

milites item conflictati et tempestatis et sentinae vitiis,

the injurious effects, id. ib. 3, 28:

sese nihil adhuc arbitrari vitio factum eorum,

id. ib. 3, 57:

vini vitio atque amoris feci,

through the fault of, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 15.—

In partic.

A moral fault, failing, error, offence, crime, vice (the predom. signif. of the word in prose and poetry; cf.:

scelus, delictum): nullam quidem ob turpitudinem, nullum ob totius vitae non dicam vitium, sed erratum,

Cic. Clu. 48, 133:

legibus et praemia proposita sunt virtutibus et supplicia vitiis,

id. de Or. 1, 58. 247:

virtus est vitium fugere, Hor. ep. 1, 1, 41: senectus est naturā loquacior, ne ab omnibus eam vitiis videar vindicare,

Cic. Sen. 16, 55:

in vitio esse,

id. Off. 1, 19, 62: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, reckon it a fault, id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

te laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.—

In respect of female chastity (whether of maidens or wives), a violation:

quia pudicitiae hujus (Alcumenae) vitium me hic absente est additum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179:

pudicitiae ejus nunquam nec vim nec vitium attuli,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 7:

quoi misere per vim vitium obtulerat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 10; so,

offerre,

id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

virginis,

id. Eun. 4, 4, 55; cf.:

vitium auctore redemit,

Ov. H. 16 (17), 49.—

In relig. lang., a defect in the auspices or auguries: si cui servo aut ancillae dormienti evenit, quod comitia prohibere solet, ne id quidem mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 fin. Müll.; Ter. Hec. prol. 2; Liv. 8, 23, 16; 4, 7, 3:

id igitur obvenit vitium, quod tu jam Cal. Jan. futurum esse provideras,

Cic. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

tabernaculum vitio captum,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

vitio navigare,

id. Div. 1, 16, 29:

comitiorum solum vitium est fulmen,

id. ib. 2, 18, 43.—

A fault of language:

barbarismi ac soloecismi foeditas absit... haec vitia, etc.,

Quint. 1, 5, 5.—

In coinage, t. t., base metal, alloy:

in aurum vitii aliquid addere,

Dig. 48, 10, 9 praef.; cf.:

ignis vitium metallis Excoquit,

Ov. F. 4, 785.

vŏlūto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. and n. [id.], to roll, turn, twist, or tumble about.

Lit.

In gen.

With acc.:

amphoras per terram,

Col. 12, 48, 4:

pelagus (ventus),

Luc. 1, 412: pilas e fimo pedibus. i. e. to form by rolling together, Plin. 11, 28, 34, § 98; cf. volvo, I.—With se:

se in pulvere,

to roll about, wallow, Plin. 30, 16, 53, § 148.—

More freq., mid.:

ut gallinae possint in pulvere volutari,

roll themselves, roll, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 7:

sus caenoso lacu,

Col. 7, 10, 6:

super aureorum acervos... toto corpore volutatus est,

Suet. Calig. 42 fin.:

volutati supra jacentia poma (irenacei),

Plin. 8, 37, 56, § 133; cf.

in allusion to the lit. signif. of the name Verres: quem (Verrem) in luto volutatum totius corporis vestigiis invenimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53:

(animi) corporibus elapsi circum terram ipsam volutantur,

id. Rep. 6, 26, 29:

cum tibi pueri ad pedes volutarentur,

Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; so in part.:

genua amplexus genibusque volutans Haerebat,

Verg. A. 3, 607:

(amnis) per cava saxa volutans,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 45:

in sacco et cinere volutantes,

Tert. Apol. 40 fin. —

In partic., in mal. part., Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 140; Sen. Contr. 1, 2; Petr. 79; Just. 12, 16, 2; Tert. ad Uxor. 9.—

Trop., to roll, roll about, roll along, etc.; to roll, wallow.

In gen.:

vocem per ampla atria,

to roll, spread, Verg. A. 1, 725; so,

vocem,

id. ib. 5, 149:

murmura,

id. ib. 10, 98: confusa verba. Ov. M. 12, 55.—

Mid.: cum omnes in omni genere et scelerum et flagitiorum volutentur,

wallow, Cic. Fam. 9, 3, 1:

in omni dedecore,

Auct. Her. 4, 13, 19:

inter mala plurima,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 4.—

In partic.

To busy, occupy (of the mind):

animum saepe tacitis cogitationibus,

Liv. 9, 17, 2:

in veteribus scriptis studiose et multum volutatum esse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 10, 39; cf. id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 4.—

To turn over or revolve in the mind; to consider, weigh, ponder:

rem in pectore,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 1:

gladios in comisationem praeparatos volutabam in animo,

Liv. 40, 13, 4:

haec secum volutantem in animo,

id. 42, 11, 5:

hoc eum jam pridem volutare in animo,

id. 28, 18, 11:

haec in animo voluta,

Sen. Ep. 24, 15; cf.:

in pectore volutare,

Lact. 7, 16, 4:

ipse quid intra animum volutaverim... omittam referre,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

nihil umquam nisi sempiternum et divinum animo volutare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28:

aliud atque aliud consilium animo,

Curt. 5, 12, 10; Tac. H. 2, 49; Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5:

aliquid mente,

Lucr. 3, 240:

tacitus mecum ipse voluto,

Verg. E. 9, 37:

inter seque,

Ov. M. 1, 389:

multa secum animo volutans,

Liv. 40, 8, 5:

haec secum volutans,

id. 30, 14, 3; 26, 7, 3:

secum corde,

Verg. A. 4, 533:

suo cum corde,

id. ib. 6, 185:

aliquid in secreto cum amicis,

to consider, discuss, Liv. 34, 36, 4:

consilia de Romano bello,

id. 34, 60, 2:

quibus suā sponte volutantibus res inter se repugnantes obtorpuerant animi,

id. 32, 20, 2.—

Neutr., to roll or tumble one's self (very rare):

leone obvio suppliciter volutante,

Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 56; so id. 35, 11, 40, § 140 (cf. I. A. 1. b. fin. supra).

ē-verto or - vorto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to overturn, turn upside down (syn. demolior, destruo, extinguo, diruo, deleo, etc.).

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aequora ventis,

to upturn, agitate, Verg. A. 1, 43; cf.

aquas,

Ov. H. 7, 42:

mare,

Sen. Ep. 4:

campum,

i. e. to plough, Val. Fl. 7, 75:

cervices,

to twist, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 131 Ruhnk.—More freq. and class. (not in Caes.),

In partic.

To overturn any thing from its position, to overthrow, upset, throw down:

naviculam,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 174; id. Par. 3, 1, 20; id. Fin. 4, 27 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 34:

pinum,

Verg. G. 1, 256; Plin. 16, 31, 56 § 130; cf.

poët.: Ismara,

i. e. the trees of Ismarus, Stat. Th. 6, 107:

currum,

Curt. 4, 15; cf.

equum,

Prop. 4 (5), 10, 8.— Transf., of persons:

eversus,

thrown down, Plin. 21, 19, 77, § 132; 26, 13, 85, § 137.—Designating the term. ad quem:

si quis Athon Pindumve revulsos Sede sua, totos in apertum everteret aequor,

Ov. M. 11, 555; cf.:

tecta in dominum,

id. ib. 1, 231.—

Transf., to overthrow, subvert, destroy:

urbes (with diripere),

Cic. Off. 1, 24:

Carthaginem,

id. Rep. 6, 11:

Trojam,

Ov. M. 13, 169:

castellum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 34:

funditus arces,

Sil. 17, 376.—

To turn out, drive out, expel a man from his possession:

ut agro evortat Lesbonicum, quando evortit aedibus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 15; so,

adolescentem bonis,

id. ib. 1, 2, 177:

pupillum fortunis patriis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51:

eos fortunis omnibus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21; id. Fl. 5:

hunc funditus bonis,

id. Rosc. Am. 39 fin. —

Trop. (Acc. to I. B.)

To overturn, overthrow:

ab imo summa,

Lucr. 5, 163:

aliquem non judicio neque disceptatione, sed vi atque impressione evertere,

to ruin, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

aliquem fortunis omnibus,

id. Div. in Caec. 6, 21.—

To overthrow completely, to subvert, ruin, destroy:

funditus aratores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18 fin.:

funditus civitates,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

eversa per te et perdita civitas,

id. ib. 24, 57; id. Lael. 7, 23; cf. Quint. 2, 16, 4; Verg. G. 1, 500:

funditus amicitiam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 25; cf.:

penitus virtutem,

id. ib. 3, 3:

totum genus hoc regiae civitatis,

id. Rep. 2, 29:

leges, testamenta,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 19; cf. id. Cat. 1, 7 fin.:

constitutam philosophiam,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 15; cf.

definitionem,

id. 2, 6 fin.:

finitionem,

Quint. 7, 3, 23:

opus,

id. 2, 17, 34:

majestatem dictatoriam et disciplinam militarem,

Liv. 8, 30 fin.:

patrimonium,

to waste, squander, Dig. 47, 6, 1:

pietatem,

Lucr. 3, 84:

spem,

Ov. M. 13, 623:

Crassos, Pompeios,

to ruin, Juv. 10, 108: titulum, to erase, Capit. Gord. Tert. 34.