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61 HÖND
* * *(gen. handar, dat. hendi; pl. hendr), f.1) hand;taka hendi á e-u, to touch with the hand;hafa e-t í hendi, to hold in the hand;drepa hendi við e-u, to refuse;halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;taka e-n höndum, to seize, capture;bera hönd fyrir höfuð sér, to defend oneself;eiga hendr sínar at verja, to act in self defence;láta e-t hendi firr, to let go out of one’s hands, to lose;taka í hönd e-m, to join hands with one;eiga e-t jöfnum höndum, to own in equal shares;sverja sér af hendi, to forswear;af hendi e-s, on one’s behalf, on the part of (af hendi landsmanna);at hendi, as adv. in turn;hverr at hendi, each in turn;felast á hendi e-m, to be under one’s protection;hvat er þér á höndum, what hast thou in hand?;ef honum væri ekki á höndum, if he had nothing in hand, if his hands were free;eiga e-t fyrir hendi (höndum), to have in hand (duty, business, engagement);vera í hendi, to be at hand, at one’s disposal;hafa vel (illa) í höndum, to behave well (badly);hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, manage, discharge;hljóta e-t undan hendi e-s, from one, at one’s hand;á hönd, á hendr, against (lýsa vígi á hönd e-m);snúa vanda á hendr e-m, to throw the responsibility on one;fœrast e-t á hendr, to undertake;ganga (drífa) á hönd e-m, to submit to one;bjargast á sínar hendr, by one’s own handiwork;selja, gefa, fá e-t í hönd (hendr) e-m, to give into one’s hands, hand over;búa e-t í hendr e-m, to make it ready for one;kalla til e-s í hendr e-m, to lay claim to a thing at the hands of another;þá sömu nótt, er fór í hönd, the following night;veðr óx í hönd, the wind rose higher and higher;vera hœgt um hönd, to be easy in hand;til handa e-m, into one’s hands;ganga til handa e-m, to put oneself in another’s hands, submit to him;ef þat berr þér til handa, if it befalls thee;þá skömrn kýs ek mér eigi til handa, I will not have that shame at my door;biðja konu til handa e-m, on one’s behalf, for him;2) the arm and hand, the arm (höndin gekk af axlarliðnum; hann hefir á hœgri hendi hring fyrir ofan ölnboga);var eigi djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr, the water just reached to their armpits;3) hand, side;á hœgri (vinstri) hönd, on the right (left) hand, side;á hvára hönd, on either hand;minnar (yðvarrar) handar, for my (your) part;4) kind, sort;allra handa árgœzka, great abundance of all things.* * *f., gen. handar, dat. hendi, acc. hönd, pl. hendr, mod. proncd. höndur, gen. handa; [Goth. handus; A. S. and Engl. hand; O. H. G. hant; Germ. hand; Dan. haand; Swed. hand]:—a hand; beit höndina þar er nú heitir úlfliðr, Edda 17; armleggir, handleggir ok hendr, Anecd. 6; kné eðr hendi, Grág. ii. 8; ganga á höndum, Fms. vi. 5; með hendi sinni, K. Þ. K. 5 new Ed.; taka hendi á e-u, to touch with the hand, Fms. x. 110; taka höndum um háls e-m, Nj. 10; hvítri hendi, Hallfred; hafa e-t í hendi, to hold in hand, wield, Eg. 297, Nj. 84, 97, 255; hrjóta ór hendi e-m, Fms. xi. 141; hafa fingrgull á hendi, Nj. 146; handar-högg, Fms. xi. 126, Fas. ii. 459; sjá ekki handa sinna skil (deili), not to be able to see one’s hands, of a dense fog.2. the arm and hand, the arm, like Gr. χείρ, Nj. 160, 253; á hendi heitir alnbogi, Edda 110; hendr til axla, Fas. i. 160; leggir handa ok fóta, Magn. 532; hönd fyrir ofan úlnlið, Nj. 84; hafa hring á hendi, of an arm-ring, Nj. 131; hring á hægri hendi fyrir ofan ölnboga, Fms. iv. 383:—the arm and arm-pit, ná, taka undir hönd ( arm-pit) e-m, Gþl. 380; var eigi djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr, the water reached to their arm-pits, Ld. 78; taka undir hönd sér, to take hold under one’s arms, Eg. 237, Nj. 200; sjá undir hönd e-m, Fas. ii. 558; renna undir hendr e-m, to backspan one, Háv. 40, 41; þykkr undir hönd, stout, Ld. 272.3. metaph. handwriting, hand; rita góða hönd, to write a good hand; snar-hönd, running hand, italics.II. the hand, side; hægri hönd, the right hand; vinstri hönd, the left hand; á hvára hönd, on either hand, each side, Landn. 215; á vinstri hönd, Nj. 196; á hægri hönd; á tvær hendr, on both hands or sides, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384; á báðar hendr, Grág.; hvat sem á aðra hönd ber, whatsoever may happen; á aðra hönd … en á aðra, Ld. 46; til hvárigrar handara, Fms. x. 313; til annarrar handar, Nj. 50, 97; til sinnar handar hvárr, 140; til beggja handa, Eg. 65; til ýmsa handa, Bs. i. 750; þver-hönd, a hand’s breadth; örv-hönd.III. sayings and phrases referring to the hand:1. sayings; sjálfs hönd er hollust, one’s own hand is best, i. e. if you want to have a thing well done, do it yourself, Glúm. 332, Ó. H. 157; blíð er bætandi hönd, blessed is the mending hand; gjörn er hönd á venju, Grett. 150, Nj. (in a verse), and Edda (Ht. 26); margar hendr vinna létt verk; fiplar hönd á feigu tafli; betri ein kráka í hendi en tvær á skógi, Ld. 96; skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, see högg.2. phrases; drepa hendi við, to refuse, Nj. 71; halda hendi yfir e-m, to hold one’s hand over, protect, 266, Fbr. 22, Anecd. 14; taka e-n höndum, to take hold with the hands, seize, capture, Fms. x. 314, Nj. 265, passim; eiga hendr sínar at verja, to act in self-defence, 84, 223; hefja handa, to lift the hands, stir for action, 65, Ld. 262; bera hönd fyrir höfuð sér, to put one’s hand before one’s head, stand on one’s guard, defend oneself; vera í hers höndum, óvina höndum, to be in a state of war, exposed to rapine; vera í góðum höndum, vina-höndum, góðra manna höndum, to be in good hands, among friends.β. læknis-hendr, ‘leech hands,’ healing hands; pains and sickness were believed to give way to the magical touch of a person gifted with such hands, Sdm. 4, Magn. S. Góða ch. 36 (Fms. vi. 73), cp. Rafns S. ch. 2; hönd full, a handful, Fms. ii. 302, vi. 38, viii. 306; fullar hendr fjár, hands full of gold:—kasta hendinni til e-s, to huddle a thing up; með harðri hendi, with hard hand, harshly, rudely; með hangandi hendi, with drooping hand, slothfully; fegins hendi, with glad hand, joyfully; sitja auðum höndum, to sit with empty hands, sit idle; but með tómar hendr, empty-handed, portionless, Thom.:—láta hendr standa fram úr ermum, to work briskly; víkja hendi til e-s (handar-vik), to move the hand to do a thing; það er ekki í tveim höndum að hafa við e-n, of double handed (i. e. faltering) half measures, when the one hand undoes what the other has done; kann ek þat sjá at ekki má í tveim höndum hafa við slíka menn, Band. 3; láta hönd selja hendi, of a ready bargain; láta e-t ganga hendi firr, to let go out of one’s hands, lose, Ld. 202; ok lét sér eigi hendi firr ganga, and never lost sight of him, 656 ii. 4; e-m fallask hendr, to be discomfited, lose one’s head (see falla); leggja görva hönd á allt, to be a ready hand, adept in everything, Thom. 300 (see göra F. 2); taka í hönd e-m, to join hands, Nj. 3; takask í hendr, to join, shake hands, Grág. ii. 80; leggja hendr saman, id., Gþl. 18,—of shaking hands as symbolical of a bargain, see the compds hand-lag, hand-festi, handa-band; eiga, taka, jöfnum höndum, to own, take with even hands, i. e. in equal shares, Grág. i. 171, ii. 66, Hkr. i. 318; vinna jöfnum höndum, to work even-handed, to help one another; e-m eru mislagðar hendr, one’s hands are amiss, when bad work is done by one from whom better was expected; honum hafa verið mislagðar hendr, etc.B. Metaph. usages:I. dat., sverja sér af hendi, to forswear, Fms. vii. 176; færa af höndum sér, to dismiss, Grág. i. 248; hefjask af höndum e-m, Fms. xi. 59:—af hendi e-s, on one’s behalf, part, Landn. 154; af hendi Hákonar, Fms. i. 20, iv. 118; af hendi landsmanna, ix. 359; af sinni hendi, of one’s own hand, for one’s own part, Grág. i. 392; reiða, greiða, gjalda, inna af hendi or höndum, to discharge, pay off, Fms. vii. 230, Nj. 146, 190, 232, 239, 257, 281, Grág. i. 82, ii. 374; selja, láta af hendi (höndum), to part with, dismiss, Nj. 186, 231, Fms. vii. 173, Rb. 12; líða af hendi, to pass, of time, Ísl. ii. 144, Fms. iv. 83: koma, bera at hendi, to happen, Nj. 71, 177: at hendi, as adv. in turn; hvern at hendi, each in turn, Fms. i. 150: þar næst Gunnarr, þá Loðinn, þá hverr at hendi, Nj. 140; hverr segir at hendi þat er frá honum hefir stolit verit, Mar.: felask á hendi e-m, to be under one’s charge, protection, Nj. 201, Bs. i. 167, 173. vera e-m á hendi, id., Fms. vii. 243; vera bundinn á hendi e-m, Sturl. i. 57: hafa e-t á höndum (hendi), to have a thing in hand, of duty, business to be done, Grág. i. 38; eiga ferð á höndum, Ld. 72; hvat er þér á höndum, what hast thou in hand? for what art thou concerned, distressed? Nj. 133, Ld. 270; ella eru þér stórir hlutir á höndum, Fms. vii. 30; ef honum væri ekki á höndum, if he had nothing in hand, if his hands were free, Ld. 42: eiga e-t fyrir hendi (höndum), to have in hand (duty, business, engagement), Fas. ii. 557; farvegr langr fyrir hendi, Fms. xi. 316; tveir kostir fyrir höndum, Nj. 264, Grág. i. 279; hafa sýslu fyrir höndum, Ísl. ii. 344; eiga vandræði fyrir höndum, Ld. 4; eiga gott fyrir höndum, Hkr. iii. 254: vera í hendi, to be at hand, within reach, at one’s disposal, in one’s power; hann er eigi í hendi, Fms. vi. 213; þat er eigi í hendi, ‘tis no easy matter, v. l.; hafa raun ( evidence) í hendi, Bs. i. 708; hafa ráð e-s í hendi sér, Ld. 174, Fas. i. 260; hafa vel, ílla í höndum, to behave well, badly, Ísl. ii. 387, Eg. 158; varð honum þat vel í höndum, 50: hafa e-t með höndum (fé, auðæfi, embætti, etc.), to have in hand, manage, discharge, Grág. ii. 389, Greg. 25, Stj. 248, Hkr. iii. 131; to design, hafa ráð, stórræði með höndum, 623. 51: hljóta undan hendi e-s, from one, at one’s hands, Fas. i. 365: undir höndum, eigi lítill undir höndum, not a small man to handle, Fms. vii. 17; vera undir höndum e-m, to be under or in one’s hands, under one’s protection, in one’s power, Sks. 337, Fms. i. 7, 13; sitja undir hendi e-m, Hkr. i. 166,—um hendr, Fms. iv. 71, is prob. an error = undir hendi.2. absol., annarri hendi, on the other hand, Fms. vii. 158; en annarri hendi vildu þeir gjarna veita konungi hlýðni, ix. 258.II. acc., with prepp.; á hönd, á hendr, against; höfða sök, lýsa vígi (etc.) á hönd e-m, to make a suit … against, Grág. i. 19, Nj. 86, 87, 98, 99, 101, 110, 120, 230; hyggja e-t á hendr e-m, to lay a thing to a person’s charge, Hom. 115; reynask á hendr e-m, to have a charge brought home to one, Fms. xi. 76; snúa vanda á hendr e-m, to throw the responsibility upon …, Nj. 215; færa, segja stríð á hendr e-m, to wage, declare war against one; fara geystr á hendr e-m, to rage against, Fms. vii. 230; færask e-t á hendr, to undertake, Nj. 126; ganga á hönd e-m, to vex one, 625. 33; sótt elnar á hendr e-m, Eg. 126; leggja e-t á hendr e-m, to lay ( a burden) on one’s hands, Fms. xi. 98; in a good sense, ganga á hönd, to pay homage to, submit, Ó. H. 184; dreif allt fólk á hönd honum, submitted to him, filled his ranks, Fms. i. 21; bjargask á sínar hendr, by one’s own handwork, Vápn. 28; (for at hönd, Grág. i. 135, read á hönd): selja, fá, gefa e-t í hönd, hendr e-m, to give into one’s hands, hand over; selja sök í hönd e-m (handsöl), Grág. ii. 80, Nj. 4, 98, 112, 186; so, halda e-u í hönd e-m, Ísl. ii. 232, Fms. vii. 274; búa í hendr e-m, to make it ready for one, Ld. 130; veiði berr í hendr e-m, Nj. 252; kalla til e-s í hendr e-m, to lay claim to a thing at the hands of another, Ld. 300, Eg. 350, Fms. iv. 222, ix. 424; þegar í hönd, offhand, immediately, Bs. i; þá sömu nótt er fór í hönd, the following night, Fms. viii. 397, Glúm. 341; gjalda í hönd, to pay in cash, Vm. 16; veðr óx í hönd, the wind rose higher and higher, Fb. i. 432: undir jafna hönd, equally, Sturl. iii. 243; standa óbrigðiliga undir jafna hönd, Dipl. v. 26: væra hægt um hönd, to be easy in hand, Nj. 25; þegar eg vil er hægt um hönd, heima á Fróni að vera, Núm. 1. 10; but mér er e-t um hönd, it is awkward, costs trouble: hafa við hönd sér, to keep at hand, Fms. x. 264; tóku konur manna ok dætr ok höfðu við hönd sér viku, Grett. 97; hafa e-t við höndina, to have it at hand.III. gen., with prepp.; til handa e-m, into one’s hands; fara Guði til handa, to go into God’s hands, Blas. 51; ganga til handa e-m, to put oneself in another’s hands, submit to him, Rb. 404, Eg. 12, Fms. vii. 234, Fas. ii. 522; ef þat berr þér til handa, if it befalls thee, i. 135; þá skömm kýs ek mér eigi til handa, I will not have that shame at my door, Nj. 191: for one, on one’s behalf, biðja konu til handa e-m, 120, 180, Grág. i. 353; í þeirri bæn er hann orti oss til handa, for its, for our use, our sake, 655 i. 2; hann hélt fénu til handa Þrándi, Landn. 214, Nj. 151; safnar konungr liði (til) handa Oddi, Fas. ii. 553; til handa Þorkatli, Fs.β. dropping the prep. til; mikit fé handa honum, Rd. 195 (late MSS.): whence, handa has become an adverb with dat., handa e-m, for one, Lat. alicui, which is freq. in mod. usage.2. adverbial; allra handa, Dan. allehaande, of every kind; allra handa árgæzka, Edda (pref.); allra handa ganganda fé, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; fjögurra handa, of a fourfold kind, H. E. i. 525.3. absol., minnar handar, for my part, Ísl. ii. 356; yðvarrar handar, for your part, Fms. ix. 498; hvárrar-tveggju handar, on either hand, Skálda 164; innan handar, within one’s hands, easy, Ld. 112; þótti þeim innan handar falla at taka land þetta hjá sér sjálfum, 210.C. COMPDS:I. plur., handa-afl, n., Edda, = handafl, p. 237. handa-band, n. a joining or shaking of hands, as a law term = handlag, Dipl. i. 11, iv. 2, Vígl. 23; in plur., Bs. (Laur. S.); heilsa, kveðja með handabandi. handa-festi, f. a hold for the hands, Fms. ii. 276. handa-gangr, m. grasping after a thing with all hands, Fas. iii. 345. handa-görvi, f. ‘hand-gear,’ gloves, Sd. 143, Fbr. 139. handa-hóf, n., in the phrase, af handahófi, at random. handa-kenning, f. hand touching, Eluc. 20. handa-klapp, n. a clapping of hands, Skálda 174. handa-læti, n. pl. gestures with the arms, Sks. 116. handar-mál, n., in the phrase, at handarmáli, in heaps; var þá drepit lið hans at handarmáli, Fas. i. 41. handa-saumr, m. tight gloves, Bs. ii. 10. handa-síðr, adj. = handsíðr. handa-skil, n. pl., in the phrase, sjá ekki h., not to see one’s own hands, as in the dark, in a dense fog. handa-skol, n. pl. maladroitness; það er allt í handaskolum. handa-skömm, f. shameful work, a scandal; það er mesta h.! handa-staðr, m. the print of the hands. Fas. i. 285. handa-tak, n., -tekt, f., -tekja, u, f. a taking of hands, as a bargain, Háv. 42, H. E. ii. 194, D. N. i. 398. handa-tæki, n. pl. a laying hold, a fight, Bs. i. (Laur. S.): a pledging of hands, Dipl. ii. 6, D. N. passim. handa-upphald, n. a lifting the arms, Stj. 296. handa-verk, n. pl. one’s handiwork, doings, N. G. L. i. 76, Fms. vii. 295, Stj. 198; í handaverkum eða bókfræði, 46; handaverk manna, men’s handiwork, Blas. 47; Guðs h.; ek em þín h., Sks. 610; hans h., Fms. viii. 406.II. sing., handar-bak, n. the back of the hand, Sdm. 7. handar-gagn, n. a being ready to the hand; leggja e-t til handargagns, to lay it so as to be ready at hand, Hkr. ii, 158, 249. handar-grip, n. a measure, = spönn, Karl. 481. handar-hald, proncd. handarald, n. a handle, Fas. ii. 355. handar-jaðarr, m. the hand’s edge; in the phrase, vera undir handar-jaðri e-s, to be in one’s hands, in one’s power, Fær. 201. handar-kriki, a, m. ‘hand’s-creek,’ the arm-pit, Eg. 396, Fms. vi. 348, Sturl. ii. 37. handar-mein, n. a sore in the hand, Bs. i. 115, 187, Sturl. ii. 177. handar-stúfr, m. a ‘hand-stump,’ stump of the arm, the hand being hacked off, Fms. x. 258, xi. 119. handar-vani, a, m. maimed in hand, Hm. 70, Matth. xviii. 8. handar-veif, n., í handarveifi, in a ‘wave of the hand,’ in a moment. handar-vik, n. the hands’ reach, movement, work; lítið handarvik, a small work. handar-væni, a, m. want of hands (?), Hm. 72.☞ For the compds in hand- see pp. 237, 238. -
62 VERÐA
(verð; varð, urðum; orðinn, vorðinn), v.1) to happen, come to pass;ætluðu allir, at þeir myndi tala um mál sitt, en þat varð ekki, but it came not to pass, it was not so;þá varð óp mikit at lögbergi, then there arose a great shout at the Lawhill;2) verða e-m, to happen to, befall one (slikt verðr opt ungum mönnum);þat varð Skarphéðni, at stökk í sundr skóþvengr hans, it happened to S. that his shoe-string snapped asunder;sjaldan verðr víti vörum, the wary man will seldom make a slip;e-m verðr þörf e-s, one comes to be in need of;3) to happen to be, occur;í lœk þann, er þar verðr, in the brook that happens to be there;varð fyrir þeim fjörðr, they came on a fjord;verða á leið e-s, to be on one’s path, happen to one;4) verða brottu, to leave, absent oneself (þeir sá þann sinn kost líkastan at verða á brottu);verða úti, to go away (verð úti ok drag ongan spott at oss);to perish in a storm from cold (sumir urðu úti);þeim þótti honum seint heim verða, they thought that he was long in coming home;5) with acc. to lose;kváðust okkr hafa orðit bæði, said that they had lost us both;6) followed by a noun, a., pp., adv., as predicate, to become;þá verðr þat þinn bani, it will be thy death;verða glaðr, hryggr, reiðr, to become glad, sad, angry;verða dauðr to die (áðr Haraldr inn hárfagri yrði dauðr) with participles;ok varð ekki eptir honum gengit, he was not pursued;verða þeir ekki fundnir, they could not be found;blóð hans varð ekki stöðvat, the blood could not be staunched;þeim varð litit til hafs, they happened to look seaward;impers., e-m verðr bilt, one is amazed;Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. lost his head, was paralysed;with adverbs; hann varð vel við skaða sinn, he bore his loss well, like a man;jarl varð illa við þetta, the earl was vexed by this;7) with infin., denoting necessity, one must, needs, is forced, obliged to do;þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the work that is set before him;þar er bera verðr til grjót, where stones have to be carried;verð ek nú flýja, now I must flee;8) with preps., verða af e-u, to come to pass (var um rœtt, at hann skyldi leita fara, en eigi varð af);varð ekki af ferðinni, the journey came to nought was given up;verðr þetta af, at hann tekr við sveinunum, the end was that at last he took the boys;starf ok kostnaðr varð af þessu, trouble and expenses arose from this;livat verðr af e-u, what becomes of;hvat varð af húnum mínum, what has become of my cubs?;verða at e-u, to become (verða at undri, undrsjónum);veiztu, hvat þér mun verða at bana, knowest thou what will be the cause of thy death?;verða at engu, to come to nothing;verða á, to come on, happen;þvat sem á yrði síðan, whatever might happen later on;e-m verðr á, one makes a blunder, mistake (þótti þér ekki á verða fyrir honum, er hann náði eigi fénu?);verða eptir, to be left (honum varð þar eptir geit ok hafr);verða fyrir e-u, to meet with (verða fyrir goða reiði);to forebode (verða fyrir stórfundum);verða fyrir e-m, to be in one’s way, as a hindrance (því meira sem oss verðr fyrir, því harðara skulu þér niðr koma);verða í, to happen (tókust nú upp leikar sem ekki hefði í orðit);verða til e-s, to come forth to do a thing, be ready to;en sá er nefndr Hermóðr, er til þeirar farar varð, who undertook this journey;verða við e-m, to respond to (bið ek þik, at þú verðir við mér, þó at engi sé verðleiki til).* * *pres. verð, verðr, verð; pret. varð, vart (mod. varðst), varð; pl. urðu; subj. yrði: imperat. verð; part. orðinn; pl. orðnir, spelt phonetically ornir, Niðrst. 6: in later vellums occur freq. the forms vurðu, vyrði, vorðinn, see Introd.; but the old poets use it for alliteration as if it began with a vowel: with neg. suff. verðr-at, Fm. 6; varð-at, Vþm. 38; urðu-a it, Gh. 3; urðu-t. Lex. Poët.: [Ulf. wairþan = γίγνεσθαι, ἔσεσθαι; A. S. weorðan; Old Engl. worth, as in the phrase ‘woe worth the day!’ Germ. werden; Dan. vorde; Swed. varda.]A. To become, happen, come to pass; sá atburðr varð, at …, Ó. H. 196; varð hitt at lyktum, at …, 191; ef svá verðr, at …, Al. 20; ef svá verðr ( if it so happen), at ek deyja, Eg. 34; fundr þeirra varð á Rogalandi, 32; mörg dæmi hafa orðit í forneskju, Ó. H. 73; varð þar hin snarpasta orrosta. Eg. 297; at því sem nú er orðit, Blas. 46; þá varð ( arose) hlátr mikill, id.; varð óp mikit, Nj.; þat varð um síðir, and so they did at last, 240; er þetta allvel orðit, well done, well happened, 187; þau tíðendi eru hér vorðin, Fms. iv. 309 (orðin, Ó. H. 139, l. c.); þat varð ekki, but it came not to pass, Nj.2. adding dat. to happen, to befall one; þat varð mér, it befell me, Ísl. ii. (in a verse); varð þeim af in mesta deila, Nj. 189; Eyjólfi varð orðfall, speechlessness befell E., he faltered, 225; þat varð Skarphéðni at stökk í sundr skóþvengr hans, 145; urðu þeim þegar in sömu undr, 21.3. to blunder, make a slip; þat varð þinni konu, at hón átti mög við mér, Ls. 40; sjaldan verðr viti vörum, Hm. 6; þat verðr mörgum manni at um myrkvan staf villisk, Eg. (in a verse); skalat honum þat verða optarr enn um sinn … ef eigi verðr þeim optarr enn um sinn, Grág. (Kb.) i. 55; e-m verðr Þorf e-s, to come in need of, Hm. 149; ef þeim verðr nökkut er honum hefir fylgt, if anything should befall them, Hom. 65; annat man þér verða (another fate, death, will be thine), enn þú sprongir, Sturl. iii. 225; cp. verða úti, to perish in a storm from cold, Fms. vii. 122; sumir urðu úti, Bs. i. 71; verða til, to perish.4. to happen to be, to occur, or the like; í læk þann er þar verðr, in the brook that happens to be there, Eg. 163; holt þat er þar verðr, 746; varð þá enn brátt á er þvers varð fyrir þeim, þá kölluðu þeir þverá, 132; varð fyrir þeim fjörðr, they came on a fiord, 130; verða á leið e-s, to be in one’s path, happen to one, Ó. H. 181; taka þat sem á leið hans verðr, Grág. ii. 346; verða á fætr, to fall on one’s, feet, Fb. iii. 301; verða ek á fitjum, Vkv. 27; þeim þótti honum seint heim verða, Fbr. 8 new Ed.: verða brottu, to leave, absent oneself; þeir sá þann sinn kost líkastan at verða á brottu, Fms. vii. 204; verð í brottu í stað, begone, Fs. 64: verða úti, id., Nj. 16.II. followed by a noun, adjective, participle, adverb, as predicate; þá verðr þat þinn bani, Nj. 94; hann varð tveggja manna bani, he became the bane of, i. e. slew, two men, 97; hann mun verða engi jafnaðar-maðr, Ld. 24; ef hann vyrði konungr, Fms. i. 20; verða biskup, prestr …, Bs. i. passim; ok verðr eigi gjöf, ef …, it becomes not a gift, if …, Grág. (Kb.) i. 130; verða þær málalyktir, at …, the end was that …, Nj. 88: verða alls hálft annat hundrat, the whole amount becomes, Rb. 88; honum varð vísa á munni, Fms. xi. 144; varð henni þá ljóð á munni, Fb. i. 525; þat varð henni á munni er hón sá þetta, Sd. 139: hví henni yrði þat at munni, Fms. xi. 149; þá er í meðal verðr, when there is an interval, leisure, Skálda (Thorodd): cp. the mod. phrase, þegar í milli veiðr fyrir honum, of the empty hour; varð Skarpheðinn þar í millum ok gaflhlaðsins, S. was jammed in between, Nj. 203; prob. ellipt. = verða fastr.2. with adjectives, to become so and so:α. verða glaðr, feginn, hryggr, to become glad, fain, sad, Fms. i. 21, viii. 19, passim; verða langlífr, to be long-lived, Bs. i. 640; verða gamall, to become old, Nj. 85; verða sjúkr, veykr, to become sick; verða sjónlauss, blindr, to become blind, Eg. 759; verða ungr í annat sinn, Fms. i. 20; verða varr, to become aware (see varr); verða víss, Nj. 268; verða sekr, to become outlawed; verða vátr, to become wet, 15; verða missáttr við e-n, Landn. 150 (and so in endless instances): in the phrase, verða dauðr, to die; dauðr varð inn Húnski, Am. 98; áðr Haraldr inn Hárfagri yrði dauðr, Íb. 6; síðan Njáll var(ð) dauðr, Nj. 238, and a few more instances, very freq. on Runic stones, but now obsolete.β. with participles; verða búinn, to be ready, Fms. vii. 121; verða þeir ekki fundnir, they could not be found, Gísl. 56; verða staddr við e-t, to be present, Eg. 744; in mod. usage with a notion of futurity, e. g. eg verð búinn á morgun, I shall be ready to-morrow; eg verð farinn um það. I shall be gone then: with neut, part., járn er nýtekit verðr ór afli, just taken out of the furnace, Sks. 209 B; varð ekki eptir honum gengit, he was not pursued, Nj. 270; þeim varð litið til hafs, they happened to look, 125; honum varð litið upp til hlíðarinnar, 112; blóð varð eigi stöðvat, the blood could not be stopped, Fms. i. 46, Nj. 210.γ. phrases, e-m verðr bilt, to be amazed, Edda 29, Korm. 40, Nj. 169; verða felmt, 105; verða íllt við, hverft við, id.; Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. lost his head, was paralysed, as if stunned, Sturl. iii. 285.3. with adverbs or adverbial phrases; ef þat bíðr at verða vet, Hm.; ma þetta verða vel þótt hitt yrði ílla, Nj.; verða verr enn til er stýrt, Róm. 321; hann varð vel við skaða sinn, bore it well, like a man, Eg. 76, Nj. 75; faðir hans varð ílla við þetta ( disliked it), ok kvað hann taka stein um megn sér, Fær. 58; jarl varð ílla við þetta, was much vexed by it, Fms. ix. 341; varð hann údrengiliga við sitt líflát, Ld. 234; hvernig varð hann við þá er þér rudduð skipið, Ó. H. 116; hversu Gunnarr varð við, how G. bore it, Nj. 82; verra verðr mér við, enn ek ætla at gott muni af leiða, 109; mér hefir orðit vel við þik í vetr, I have been pleased with thee this winter, Fms. vii. 112; eigi vildi ek svá við verða blóðlátið, fiskbleikr sem þú ert—Ek ætla, segir hinn, at þá myndir verr við verða ok ódrengiligar, 269; þar varð ílla með þeim, things went ill with them, they became enemies, Nj. 39: to behave, varð engum jafnvel til mín sem þessum, Fms. vii. 158; hann lætr sér verða á alla vega sem bezt til Áka, xi. 76; hann lét henni hafa orðit stórmannliga, Hkr. iii. 372.III. with prepp., verða af; hvat er orðit af e-u, what is come of it? where is it? of a thing lost; segðu mér þat, hvat varð af húnum mínum, Vkv. 30; hvat af motrinum er orðit, Ld. 208; nú hverfr Óspakr á brott svá at eigi vitu menn hvat af honum verðr, Band. 5; varð ekki af atlögu búanda, Ó. H. 184; ekki mun af sættum verða, Fb. i. 126: to come to pass, varð ekki af eptir-för, it came to naught; varð því ekki af ferðinni, Ísl. ii. 247; Símon kvað þá ekki mundu af því verða, S. said that could not be, Fms. vii. 250; ok verðr þetta af, at hann tekr við sveinunum, the end was that at last he took the boys, Fær. 36; eigi mun þér þann veg af verða, Karl. 197:—verða at e-u, to come to; hvat þér mun verða at bana, what will be the cause of thy death, Nj. 85; verða at flugu, Fas. i. 353 (see ‘at’ C. I. α); verða at undri, skömm, honum varð ekki at því kaupi, the bargain came to naught for him, Al. 7; cp. the mod. honum varð ekki að því, it failed for him:—e-m verðr á (cp. á-virðing), to make a blunder, mistake; kölluðu þat mjök hafa vorðit á fyrir föður sínum, at hann tók hann til sín, Fs. 35; þótti þér ekki á verða fyrir honum er hann náði eigi fénu, Nj. 33; Þorkell settisk þá niðr, ok hafði hvárki orðit á fyrir honum áðr né síðan, 185; aldri varð á um höfðingskap hans, 33:—verða eptir, to be left, Rb. 126, Stj. 124, 595; honum varð þar eptir geit ok hafr, Hrafn. 1:—verða fyrir e-u, to be hit, be the object of; fyrir víginu hefir orðit Svartr, S. is the person killed, Nj. 53; verða fyrir öfund, görningum, to be the victim of, Lex. Poët.: e-m verðr lítið fyrir e-u, it costs one small effort (see fyrir):—verða til e-s, to come forth to do a thing, volunteer, or the like; en sá er nefndr Hermóðr er til þeirrar farar varð, Edda 37; til þess hefir engi orðit fyrr en þú, at skora mér á hólm, Ísl. ii. 225; en engi varð til þess, no one volunteered, Nj. 86; einn maðr varð til at spyrja, 82; þá verðr til ok svarar máli konungs sá maðr, er …, Odd. 12; hverr sem til verðr um síðir at koma þeim á réttan veg, Fb. i. 273: fengu þeir ekki samit, því at þeim varð mart til, many things happened, i. e. so as to bring discord, Sturl. ii. 17 C; mundi okkr Einari eigi annat smátt til orðit, Hrafn. 9; eigi varð verri maðr til, there was no worse man, Stj. 482:—verða við, to respond to; bið ek þik at þú verðir við mér þó at engi sé verðleiki til, Barl. 59; at hann beiddi Snorra ásjá, en ef hann yrði eigi við bað hann Gretti fara vestr, Grett. 112 new Ed.; verða við bæn e-s, to grant one’s request, passim.IV. with infin., denoting necessity, one must, needs, one is forced, obliged to do; þat verðr hverr at vinna er ætlað er, Nj. 10; varð ek þá at selja Hrafni sjálfdæmi, Ísl. ii. 245; eða yrði þeir út at hafa þann ómaga, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 21; þat munu þér þá reyna verða, you must try, Fbr. 23 new Ed.; þar er bera verðr til grjót, where stones have to be carried, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 90; lágu hestarnir í kafi svá at draga varð upp, Eg. 546; en vita verð ek ( I must know) hvar til þetta heyrir, Fms. ii. 146; munu þér því verða annars-staðar á leita, Nj. 223; at hann man verða sækja á ókunn lönd, Fms. viii. 19; ok verðr af því líða yfir þat, it must be passed by, Post.; maðr verðr eptir mann lifa, a saying, Fas. ii. 552; verð ek nú flýja, Ó. H. 188; urðu þeir at taka við Kristni, 105; vér höfum orðit til at hætta lífi ok sálu, hefir margr saklauss orðit at láta, sumir féit ok sumir fjörit, 31, 32; vér munum verða lifa við öðrum veiði-mat, Hým. 16; verða at skiljask við e-n, Skv. 1. 24: the same verb twice, þá varð ek verða hapta, then came I to become a prisoner, Gkv. 1. 9; eg verð að verða eptir, I must stay behind.B. Peculiar isolated phrases, in some of which ‘verða’ is probably a different word, viz. = varða (q. v.), having been confounded with verða; thus, verða, verðr (= varða, varðar), to be liable, are frequent occurrences as a law phrase in the Grág.; svá fremi verðr beitin, ii. 226; þeim manni verðr fjörbaugs-garðr, er …, 212.2. the phrase, eigi verðr (= varðar) einn eiðr alla, see eiðr; also ymsar verðr sá er margar ferr, in many warfares there will be some defeats, Eg. 182.3. to forfeit, lose, prop. of paying a fine or penalty; heit ek á þann félaga er mik lætr eigi slíkt verða, Vápn. 11; æti þik ormar, yrða ek þik, kykvan, that snakes ate thee alive, and that I lost thee, Am. 22; fullhuginu sá er varð dróttinn, the brave man bereft of his master, Sighvat (Ó. H. 236); ek hefi orðinn þann guðföður, er …, I have lost a godfather who …, Hallfred (Js. 210); hér skaltú lífit verða, here shall thou forfeit life, i. e. die, Sturl. iii. (in a verse).4. the law phrase, verða síns, to suffer a loss; leiglendingr bæti honum allt þat er hann verðr síns fyrir lands-drottni (i. e. verðr missa), whatever he has to lose, whatever damage, Gþl. 362; þræll skal ekki verða síns um, N. G. L. i. 85; allt þat er hann verðr síns í, þá skal hinn bæta honum, Jb. 207 A; hann kvað þá ekki skyldu síns í verða (varða Ed.) um þetta mál, they should lose nothing, Rd. 253: vildi hann (viz. Herode) eigi verða heit sitt (= fyrir verða?), he would not forfeit, break his vow, Hom. 106.C. Reflex.; at þær ræður skyldi eigi með tjónum verðask, to be lost, forgotten, Sks. 561 B.2. recipr.; bræðr munu berjask ok at bönum verðask, Vsp. (Hb.); þá er bræðr tveir at bönum urðusk, Ýt. 11.3. part.; eptir orðna þrimu geira, Ód.; hluti orðna ok úorðna, past and future, MS. 623. 13; kvenna fegrst ok bezt at sér orðin, Nj. 268; þeir vóru svó vorðnir sik (so shapen, Germ. beschaffen), at þeir höfðu …, Stj. 7; þeir eru svá vorðnir sik, at þeir hafa eitt auga í miðju enninu, 68. -
63 VITA
* * *(veit, vissa, vitaðr), v.1) to have sense, be conscious (hann var enn eigi ørendr, en vissi þó ekki);with gen., gráðugr halr, nema geðs viti, unless he has his senses about him;2) to know;engi vissi skapara sinn, no one knew his maker;þeir er vel mart vitu, those who know many things;vita sik saklausan, to know oneself to be innocent;veizt þú, hvat þér man verða at bana, dost thou know what will be the cause of thy death?;vita skyn á e-m, to know one;Flosi kvaðst eigi vita skyn á, hverir lögmenn væri beztir, F. said that he knew nothing about who were the best lawyers;vita ván or vánir e-s, to expect, look for (G. vissi slíks matar þar ekki ván);vita fram, to be prescient, know the future;veit þat trúa min, upon my faith!;3) to see, try to find out (bað þá vita, hvat af Gretti yrði);vittu, ef þú hjálpir, see if thou canst help;vit, at þá náir sverði því, try to get that sword;4) to look, be turned towards;vita upp, fram, aptr, to look (be turned) upwards, forwards, backwards;vita móti sólu, at sjánum, to face the sun, the sea;vita til norðrættar, to look north;ormahöfuð öll vitu inn í húsit, all the heads of the serpents look into the hall;with gen., þeir fundu vínvið allt þar sem holta vissi, they found the vine wherever there was woodland;sökin veit til lands-laga, en ekki til Bjarkeyjar-réttar, the case comes under the country-law, and not under the town-law;6) to bode, betoken, with gen. (ekki vita slík orð lítils);þat mun eigi øngra tíðinda vita, this betokens no small tidings;7) to mean, have such and such bearing;hvat veit óp þetta, what means this shouting?;eigi veit þannig við, that is not the case;seg mér hit sanna, hversu við veit, how things stand;ok rœddu um þat, at nú mundi vel vita, that things were likely to take a good turn;8) with preps.:vita af e-u, to know of (ekki vissi á. af kaupi þeira);vita e-t at sér, to know oneself to be guilty of;vita e-t eptir sér = vita e-t at sér (vita eptir sér slíkan glœp);vita e-t frá sér, to be conscious (sensible) of (ek var svá syfjaðr, at ek vissa fátt frá mér);vita e-t fyrir, to know beforehand (ørlög sín viti engi maðr fyrir);vita til e-s, vita til um e-t, to know of (ekki vissu landsmenn til um ferð Þórólfs);vita ekki til sín, vita ekki til manna, to have lost consciousness, one’s senses;recipr. to know of an another (þeir vissust jafnan til í hafinu);vita um e-t, to make inquiries about (fara at vita um e-t);to know about (eigi veit ek um gaman þetta);vita e-t við e-n, to get to know a thing, from one (mun ek vita við skipverja mina, hvat þeim sýnist ráð).* * *a verb whose present is in a preterite form, see Gramm. p. xxiii: pres. veit, veizt (veiztu), veit; plur. vitum, vituð, vitu, later and mod. vitið, vita; the latter form appears in vellums early in the 14th century, e. g. þér vitið, Fms. vi. 144, from the Hulda: pret. vissa, vissir, vissi (never visti, cp. Goth. wissa, mod. Dan. vidste): subj. pres. vita, pret. vissa; imperat. vit, vittú; part. vitaðr (vitinn, Hornklofi): with neg. suff. veit-at, knows not, Hm. 74; veit-k-a-ek, ‘wot I not I,’ Hkr. iii. 376; veizt-attu, Hbl. 4; vitum-a, we know not, Skv. 3. 18; vissi-t, knew not: [Ulf. witan = εἰδέναι, γιγνώσκειν; A. S. and Hel. witan; Engl. wit; Germ. wissen; Dan. vide; Swed. vita; Lat. videre; Gr. εἰδέναι.]A. To wit, have sense, be conscious; hneig hón aptr ok vissi ekki til manna, Bjarn. 68; varð hann svá feginn at varla vissi hann, Flóv.; faðirinn vissi ekki lengi, svá þótti honum mikit, Bs. i. 369; hann þóttisk nær ekki vita fyrir hræzlu, Fms. vii. 142; hann var enn eigi örendr en vissi þó ekki, Fb. ii. 453; ek var svá syfjaðr at ek vissa fátt frá mér, Gísl. 6l; hestr laust einn ungan mann í höfuðit, ok sprakk mjök, ok vissi ekki, Bs. i. 314, l. c.; tók hann einn þeirra ok varðisk með, þar til er sá vissi ekki til sín, Fms. vi. 110; hann tók augna-verk strangan, ok vissi hann löngum hvárki í þenna heim né annan, Bs. i. 317; hann vissi lengi ekki hingat, 336; ok vissi þá ekki til sín löngum, 335; hvárt skal hjóna færa annat fram þat sem heldr hefir fé til, nema annat þeirra viti eigi vel ( unless he be not in the enjoyment of his full senses) en þegar er því batnar, Grág. i. 300: with gen., gráðigr halr nema geðs viti, Hm. 19 (see B. 3).2. vita skyn á, to understand, know, Nj. 223, Grág. ii. 167, Fms. i. 186, xi. 323 (see skyn); vita ván e-s, to expect, Eg. 746, Fms. viii. 180, Nj. 75, Blas. 46.II. to wit, know; vituð ér enn eða hvat, Vsp.; þeir er vel mart vitu, Hm. 53: ek veit, 76; vita sik saklausan, to know oneself to be sackless. Eg. 49; síðan skaltú vita þitt eyrendi, Finnb. 258; ef þeir vitu þetta eigi, Nj. 231; skaltú ok þat vita, at …, 88; lát sem þú vitir eigi, Ísl. ii. 250; þeir munu vitað hafa með Þráni, Nj. 136; ek veit allt með henni, El.; hitt veit ek eigi hvaðan þjófs-augu eru komin í ættir várar, Nj. 2; veit ek þann mann er þora man, 89; veizt þú hvat þér man verða at bana?—Veit ek, segir Njáll, 85; veitat hinn er vætki veit, Hm. 74.2. with prepp.; vita fram (fram-viss); vissi hann vel fram sem Vanir aðrir, Þkv. 15: vita fyrir, to foreknow (for-vitri); vita örlög sín fyrir, Hm. passim; mundi hann þat vita fyrir er hann vissi dauða sinn, Nj. 98: vita til e-s, to know of. Fms. x. 337; ekki vissu landsmenn til um ferð Þórólfs. Eg. 78.3. with the particle ‘at;’ þóttisk Þorkell vita at Grímr var þar, Dropl. 34; hana vissi at skíða-hlaði var við dyrr þær, 29; eigi munda ek vita at blóðrefillinn kæmi við mik í gær líttað, Fms. xi. 144: veitka ek nema þú þykkisk nú minn lávarðr, Hkr. iii. 376.III. in exclamations; hvat veit ek hvárt menn munu aldri hætta lygi-sögum, Fb. i. 184; var þetta hans bani, sem vita mátti, i. e. of course, Stj. 541; hvat ek veit, hvárt ek mun, what know I! should I? …, as an interjection, Nj. 85; veiztu, ef þú vin átt, farðú at finna opt, Hm. 43; veit þat trúa mín, upon my faith! Edda; veit menn, mod. viti menn! see maðr B. 3; hvar viti menn ( whoever knew) slíku bellt við konungmann, Eg. 415; hvar viti áðr orta mærð með æðra hætti, Edda (Ht.)IV. to see, try; má ek vita at ek fá af henni nökkurn vísdóm, Stj. 491; ek mun ríða ok hitta Óspak, ok vita at hanni vili sættask, Band. 5; ok vita at vér næðim Sokka víkingi, Fms. ii. 5; sá skal vita, er á strenginum heldr, hvárt hann skelfr, Fb. ii. 129; vil ek fara ok vita, at ek mega bjarga honum, 623. 16; vittu ef þú hjálpir, see if than canst help, Og. 5; vit at þú náir sverði því, Dropl. 28; fara heim ok vita hvers víss yrði, Nj. 114; vér skulum hlaupa at fylkingu þeirra, ok vita at vér komimk svá í gegnum, Fær. 81; skal yðr þat heimilt, ok vita at þit þroskizk hér, 45; sendi Sirpa bónda sinn at vita sér um brún-gras, to fetch for her (cp. vitja), Finnb. 258; ókunnugr ertú mér, ok vil ek vita við skipverja hvat þeim sýnisk ráð, Fbr. 62 new Ed.; ok bað hana vita af hón kenndi höfuðit, Bjarn. 68.V. to look towards, of a place, = Lat. spectare ad, vergere in; in þat er vissi til norðr-ættar, Edda 22; sá armr er vissi at dikinu, Fms. vi. 406; ok lögðusk þaðan undir sem at veit bænum, viii. 377; bæði þat er aptr vissi ok fram, vii. 94; á þann bekk er vissi móti sólu, vi. 439; þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, viii. 115; rökðu þangat sporin sem klaufirnar höfðu vitað, Ó. H. 152; vissu þá grundvellir upp, en veggir í jörð niðr, Sks. 142 new Ed.; fætr vissu upp, Eg. 508; þar á eynni er vissi til Atleyjar, 222; þeir fundu vínvið allt þar sem holta vissi, they found the vine wherever there was woodland, Þorf. Karl. 420; en þróask, ef hann vissi til mikilleiks, if it shewed growth, Korm. 8; allt þat er honum þótti grjóts vita, þótti honum við gull glóa, Konr.2. metaph. to come under that and that head, to respect, mean, have such and such bearing; sökin veit til lands-laga en ekki til Bjarkeyjar-réttar, this case comes under the country-law, and not under the town-law, Fms. vii. 130; eigi veit þannig við, that is not the case, Nj. 180; ef öðru-vísi veit við, Al. 106; seg mér et sanna, hversu við veit, how things stand, Fms. iii. 70; konungr svarar, at mál þat vissi allt annan veg við, Ó. H. 199; hvat veit hrygð þessi? Stj. 600; hvat veit óp þetta, what means this shouting? Fms. viii. 141; hvat vissi laga-frétt sú er Emundr spurði í gær? Ó. H. 87; skipan er hér á vorðin, ok veit ek eigi hvat þat veit, I know not what it means, cannot understand it, Fs. 6; þat man eigi öngra tíðenda vita, i. e. that will mean something great, Nj. 83; gör sem ek býð þér, ok kann vera, at þór viti vel, do as I bid thee, and may be, it will be well with thee, 655 xiii. B. 4; ok rædda um þat at nú mundi vel vita, Ísl. ii. 354; hræzlu (gen.) þat vissi, it savoured of fear, Am. 97; ekki vita slík orð lítils, Sd. 151; hlæra þú af því at þér góðs viti, it is for no good that thou laughest, Bkv. 2. 31; er lítils góðs vissi, Barl. 20: þá gleði er viti til meins, Hom. (St.); þat er til hans veit, what respects him, Orkn. 314; þat er til heiðins siðar veit, N. G. L. i. 383.3. vita á, to forebode; brakar í klaufum, vind mun á vita, Mar. 1057 (cp. á-vitull); það veit á regn, storm, …, of weather marks.B. Recipr. to know of one another; þeir vissusk jafnan til í hafinu, Landn. 56; ok vitask þeir við mála-munda þann sín á miðli, to know mutually, Grág. i. 469; better, ok vitusk þeir þat við mála-munda þann, Kb. i. 131.2. pass.; skyldi aldrei annat vitask, to be known, Fas. i. 22.3. part.; vitandi né valdandi þessa verks, Fms. ix. 412; margs vitandi, Vsp. 20, Edda 11; vitandi vits, Hm. 17, Fms. v. 258 (cp. A l); vitandi mann-vits, Edda 9; viss vitandi, intentionally, knowingly, jb. 309 A; visir vitendr, Grág. (Kb.) i. 243, ii. 57; visar vitendr, Grág. i. 228.4. the past pret.; á morgun skal okkur saga vituð verða, to be known, proved, 655 xiii. B. 1; þat mátti eigi vitað verða, 625. 83; ef þetta er satt, þá er þat vitað (clear, manifest) at hón hefir eigi mær verit, Fms. x. 294; þat er vitað ( well known) at sjá. maðr er afbragð annarra manna, vi. 144; ok er þat vitað hver stóriðendi görðusk um hans mál, vii. 124; sá er þeim völlr of vitaðr, that field is marked out for them, Vþm. 18; valr vitinn Friggjar faðm-byggvi, allotted to Odin, Hornklofi. -
64 שבק
שְׁבַק(corresp. to h. עָזַב) 1) to leave, let go; to forsake, abandon; to leave behind; to bequeath. Targ. Jer. 51:9. Targ. Ex. 23:5. Targ. Jud. 16:26 (h. text הניחה); a. v. fr.Part. pass. שְׁבִיק; f. שְׁבִיקָא, שְׁבִיקְתָּא; pl. שְׁבִיקִין; שְׁבִיקָתָא, שְׁבִיקָן. Targ. Jer. 51:5 (h. text אלמן). Targ. Ez. 36:4. Ib. 41:9; 11 (h. text מֻנָּח); a. fr.Y.Nidd.II, end, 50b אמר שוֹבְקְתֵיה לצפרא he said (to the woman), leave, it (with me) for the morning. Sabb.32a שַׁבְקֵיהוכ׳ v. רַוְיָא. Yoma 12a למִישְׁבַּק, v. אוּשְׁפִּיזָא. Arakh.22a מי שַׁבְקִינָן מזוניוכ׳ shall we leave the alimony (which the widow receives out of the estate, as long as her dowry is not satisfied) unguarded? Ib. מי שבקינן ליה do we allow him (to take interest)? B. Bath. 125a לאו הני מעות ש׳ אבוהון it is not these coins that their father left them (when he died). Gitt.37b, a. fr. (לא שבק) לא שָׁבֵיק (אינש)וכ׳, v. הֶיתֵּרָא. Bekh.24a במקום דידה לא שַׁבְקָה דידהוכ׳ when the dam has her own child, she will not neglect her own and give suck to a strange animal. B. Mets.92a לא ש׳ איסי חייוכ׳ Isi would let no man live, i. e. with such a law humanity could not exist; B. Kam.91b א״כ לא שַׁבְקַת חייוכ׳ if this were the law, thou wouldst let no creature exist; a. fr. 2) to remit, pardon, forgive. Targ. Gen. 18:24. Targ. Num. 14:19; a. fr.Lev. R. s. 5, end יאי … דשָׁבֵיק לחוביןוכ׳ it is becoming the great God to remit great sins; a. e.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. הא שרי לך והא שביק לך this is remitted to thee, and this is forgiven thee; a. e. 3) to let go, send away, divorce. Gen. R. s. 17 שְׁבוֹקָא ההיא אנתתא מינךוכ׳ send that woman away, for she does thee no honor; ib. שַׁבְקָהּ להדאוכ׳ send that bad woman away; ib. לית בידי מה אֶשְׁבּוֹק לה I have not the means to divorce I her (to give her her dowry); ib. לית בי מה אשבוק לה; Lev. ‘R. s. 34 לית בי מִשְׁבַּק לה; (Yalk. Is. 352 לית לי ממרקא לה, v. מְרַק); Y.Keth.XI, 34b bot. שיבקה דליתוכ׳ (read: שוֹבְקָהּ or שבְּקָהּ Pa.) send her away ; a. e. Pa. שַׁבֵּק, Af. אַשְׁבֵּיק same, to divorce. Gen. R. l. c. אנן יהבינן לה פורנא ושַׁבַּק יתה מינך (not ושבקית) we shall give her her dowry, and divorce thou her. Ib. ושַׁבַּקְתָּהּ מיניה (some ed. וש׳ יתה) and he divorced her; Lev. R. l. c. ושבקיה (corr. acc.); Y. Keth. l. c.; Yalk. Lev. 665. Y.Keth.VI, beg.30c הן דמַשְׁבֵּיקוכ׳ he who divorces his wife and does not pay off, v. מְרַק. Ithpa. אִשְׁתַּבַּק, Ithpe. אִשְׁתְּבִיק 1) to be let alone, be allowed. Koh. R. to V, 11 אוף למידמוך לית אנן מִישְׁתַּבְּקִין we are not even allowed to sleep. 2) to be remitted; to be forgiven. Targ. Gen. 4:7. Targ. Lev. 4:20; a. fr. 3) to be divorced. Cant. R. to I, 4 בעיין למִשְׁתַּבְּקָא דין מדין they wanted to be divorced from each other. 4) to be forsaken, abandoned. Targ. Jer. 49:11 תשתבקון (ed. Wil. תשבקתון, corr. acc.). Ib. 25. Targ. Is. 17:9; a. e. -
65 שְׁבַק
שְׁבַק(corresp. to h. עָזַב) 1) to leave, let go; to forsake, abandon; to leave behind; to bequeath. Targ. Jer. 51:9. Targ. Ex. 23:5. Targ. Jud. 16:26 (h. text הניחה); a. v. fr.Part. pass. שְׁבִיק; f. שְׁבִיקָא, שְׁבִיקְתָּא; pl. שְׁבִיקִין; שְׁבִיקָתָא, שְׁבִיקָן. Targ. Jer. 51:5 (h. text אלמן). Targ. Ez. 36:4. Ib. 41:9; 11 (h. text מֻנָּח); a. fr.Y.Nidd.II, end, 50b אמר שוֹבְקְתֵיה לצפרא he said (to the woman), leave, it (with me) for the morning. Sabb.32a שַׁבְקֵיהוכ׳ v. רַוְיָא. Yoma 12a למִישְׁבַּק, v. אוּשְׁפִּיזָא. Arakh.22a מי שַׁבְקִינָן מזוניוכ׳ shall we leave the alimony (which the widow receives out of the estate, as long as her dowry is not satisfied) unguarded? Ib. מי שבקינן ליה do we allow him (to take interest)? B. Bath. 125a לאו הני מעות ש׳ אבוהון it is not these coins that their father left them (when he died). Gitt.37b, a. fr. (לא שבק) לא שָׁבֵיק (אינש)וכ׳, v. הֶיתֵּרָא. Bekh.24a במקום דידה לא שַׁבְקָה דידהוכ׳ when the dam has her own child, she will not neglect her own and give suck to a strange animal. B. Mets.92a לא ש׳ איסי חייוכ׳ Isi would let no man live, i. e. with such a law humanity could not exist; B. Kam.91b א״כ לא שַׁבְקַת חייוכ׳ if this were the law, thou wouldst let no creature exist; a. fr. 2) to remit, pardon, forgive. Targ. Gen. 18:24. Targ. Num. 14:19; a. fr.Lev. R. s. 5, end יאי … דשָׁבֵיק לחוביןוכ׳ it is becoming the great God to remit great sins; a. e.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. הא שרי לך והא שביק לך this is remitted to thee, and this is forgiven thee; a. e. 3) to let go, send away, divorce. Gen. R. s. 17 שְׁבוֹקָא ההיא אנתתא מינךוכ׳ send that woman away, for she does thee no honor; ib. שַׁבְקָהּ להדאוכ׳ send that bad woman away; ib. לית בידי מה אֶשְׁבּוֹק לה I have not the means to divorce I her (to give her her dowry); ib. לית בי מה אשבוק לה; Lev. ‘R. s. 34 לית בי מִשְׁבַּק לה; (Yalk. Is. 352 לית לי ממרקא לה, v. מְרַק); Y.Keth.XI, 34b bot. שיבקה דליתוכ׳ (read: שוֹבְקָהּ or שבְּקָהּ Pa.) send her away ; a. e. Pa. שַׁבֵּק, Af. אַשְׁבֵּיק same, to divorce. Gen. R. l. c. אנן יהבינן לה פורנא ושַׁבַּק יתה מינך (not ושבקית) we shall give her her dowry, and divorce thou her. Ib. ושַׁבַּקְתָּהּ מיניה (some ed. וש׳ יתה) and he divorced her; Lev. R. l. c. ושבקיה (corr. acc.); Y. Keth. l. c.; Yalk. Lev. 665. Y.Keth.VI, beg.30c הן דמַשְׁבֵּיקוכ׳ he who divorces his wife and does not pay off, v. מְרַק. Ithpa. אִשְׁתַּבַּק, Ithpe. אִשְׁתְּבִיק 1) to be let alone, be allowed. Koh. R. to V, 11 אוף למידמוך לית אנן מִישְׁתַּבְּקִין we are not even allowed to sleep. 2) to be remitted; to be forgiven. Targ. Gen. 4:7. Targ. Lev. 4:20; a. fr. 3) to be divorced. Cant. R. to I, 4 בעיין למִשְׁתַּבְּקָא דין מדין they wanted to be divorced from each other. 4) to be forsaken, abandoned. Targ. Jer. 49:11 תשתבקון (ed. Wil. תשבקתון, corr. acc.). Ib. 25. Targ. Is. 17:9; a. e. -
66 שני
שני, שָׁנָה(b. h.) 1) to repeat, do a second time. Yoma 86b ואם ש׳ בהןוכ׳ but if he committed the same sins again, he must confess them. Ib. כיון … וש׳ בהוכ׳ when a man commits a sin and repeats it, it appears to him permitted; M. Kat. 27b. Ib. 16b; Ber.18a אם קרית לא שָׁנִיתָ ואם שניתוכ׳ if thou hast read (studied), thou hast not repeated, and if thou hast repeated, thou hast not reviewed a third time, and if thou hast done so, they have not explained it to thee (v. פָּרַש). Sot.9a (ref. to Mal. 3:6) לא … ושָׁנִיתִי להוכ׳ I never struck a nation and had to do it a second time, but you, children of Israel, have not been consumed; Yalk. Deut. 825. Ib. שהיה מכה … ולא שֹׁונֶה לו who used to strike a man once and no more (killed with one stroke). Tosef.Toh.IV. 1 אומר לו שיִשְׁנֶה we say to him that he should do it again (when it will be seen whether it can be done without touching un-cleanness); אין שֹׁונִין בטהרות we must not try again for the purpose of deciding in matters of levitical cleanness; Nidd.5b אומרים לו שְׁנֵה ושונה we say to him, do it again, and he does it again; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׁנוּי; f. שְׁנוּיָה Meg.31a; Ab. Zar.19b, v. שָׁלַש; a. e. 2) (denom. of מִשְׁנָה) to study the Mishnah; in gen. to study; to teach. Meg.28b; Nidd.73a כל השונהוכ׳ he who studies (reviews) traditional laws every day. Meg.32a; Treat. Sofrim III, 10 השונה בלא זמרה who studies (Mishnah and Gemarah) without chant. B. Mets.44a שנית לנו … ותִשְׁנֶה לנווכ׳ in thy earlier days thou taughtest us … and again in thy old days, thou teachest us ?; Ab. Zar.52b. Erub.92a וכי רבי לא שְׁנָאָהּוכ׳ but if Rabbi has not taught that, whence could R. Ḥiyya have it?; Yeb.43a; Nidd.62a רבי לא שנהוכ׳ Rabbi has not taught this? whence ? Yeb.108b, a. e. מי שש׳ זו לא ש׳ זו he who taught this, has not taught that, i. e. the two clauses in the Mishnah are from different authors, v. תַּבְרָא. Ḥull.85a ראה רבי … ושְׁנָאָןוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. ושנאו) Rabbi approved of the opinion of R. … and embodied it in the Mishnah as the opinion of ‘the scholars. Pes.3b; Ḥull.63b לעולם יִשְׁנֶה אדם לתלמידווכ׳ one should always teach his pupil the shortest way (use the briefest terms). Ib. 81b, a. fr. לא שָׁנוּ אלאוכ׳ they have taught this only with regard to a case, i. e. this is meant only when ; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Nidd.22b, a. fr. במחלוקת שנויה, v. מַחֲלֹוקֶת. Nif. נִשְׁנֶה 1) to be repeated. Snh.59a ונִישְׁנֵית, v. נֹחַ. Ḥull.63b למה נִשְׁנוּ בבהמהוכ׳ why are the laws of clean and unclean animals repeated (in Deut.)? With reference to quadrupeds, on account of hasshsuʿah (Deut. 14:7, which is not found in Lev. 11:4), v. שְׁסוּעָה; Bekh.6b; a. e. 2) to be taught. B. Mets.33b; B. Kam.94b, a. e. בימי רבי נשנית משנה זו this Mishnah was taught (originated) in Rabbis days. Ber.28a, v. עֵדוּת; a. e. Hif. הִשְׂנֶה to teach (Mishnah). Lam. R. to I, 6 הַשְׁנֵינִי פרקוכ׳, v. קָרָא II; a. e. Pi. שנָּה, שִׁינָּה 1) to repeat, to come a second time. Y.1 Snh.III, 21b bot. לְשַׁנֹּות, v. טַעֲנָה. Num. R. s. 420> ולא שִׁינְּתָה, v. שָׁלַש;. 2) to change, vary, modify; to make a distinction. B. Mets.VI, 2 כל המְשַׁנֶּה ידיווכ׳, v. יָד Snh.92b אפי׳ … לא יְשנֶּה אדם את עצמווכ׳ even in time of danger (persecution) a man must not change himself from (disguise the insignia of) his office. Yeb.65b מותד … לשנותוכ׳ one may modify (the report of a persons utterances) in the interest of peace. Ib. גרול …הקב״ה ש׳ בווכ׳ peace is a great thing, for even the Lord modified (Sarahs words) for its sake (ref. to Gen. 18:12 a. 13). Y.Pes.IV, 30d top אל תְּשַׁנּוּ מנהנוכ׳ change not the usage of your fathers Gen. R. s. 48 זה אחד … ששִׁינּוּוכ׳ this is one of the things which they (the seventy translators) changed for king Ptolemee. Sabb.10b לעולם אל יְשַׁנֶּה אדם בנו בין הבנים a man must never distinguish his son among his sons (favor one son more than the others); Gen. R. s. 84. Bets.30a אם אי אפשר לשנות if it is not possible to do the thing in a different manner (so as to be reminded that it is a Holy Day). Tanḥ. Nitsabim 3 כבר … שלא אֲשנֶּה בכםוכ׳ I have sworn to you that I will not change my relation to you Yalk. Mal. 589 מי שי׳ במי which of us changed his conduct towards the other?; המקום לא שי׳ בישראל God has not changed his relation to Israel; a. fr.Part. pass. מְשוּנֶּה; f. מְשוּנָּה. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d עורב יצא מש׳ מן הבריות the raven came out of the ark looking different from all other creatures (black). Shek. V, 2, v. רִצְפָה. Sabb.56a (ref. to 2 Sam. 12:9) מש׳ רעה זווכ׳ this evil deed is different from all Ib. 156b מיתה מש׳ a strange (unnatural, sudden) death; Sot.35a; a. fr.Deut. R. s. 9 ראה אותו מש׳ he saw him (the angel of death) looking strange (excited); מפני מה אתה מש׳ why art thou excited? Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּנֶּה, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּנֶּה to be changed, different. Snh.38a בשלשה … מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מחבירווכ׳ by three things one man is distinguishable from another: by his voice Pes.X, 4 (116a) מה נ׳ הלילהוכ׳ why is this night different from all other nights? Snh.71b (read:) הואיל ונ׳ דינו ונִשְׁתֵּנֵית מיתתו because his (the proselytes) legal status is different, and the mode of capital punishment is different for him. Sabb.53b נִשְׁתַּנּוּ לו סדריוכ׳ the order of nature had to be changed for him. R. Hash. 19a מה נִישְׁתַּנִּינוּ מכלוכ׳ wherein are we different from any other nation or tongue that you decree for us such hard decrees?; a. e. -
67 שנה
שני, שָׁנָה(b. h.) 1) to repeat, do a second time. Yoma 86b ואם ש׳ בהןוכ׳ but if he committed the same sins again, he must confess them. Ib. כיון … וש׳ בהוכ׳ when a man commits a sin and repeats it, it appears to him permitted; M. Kat. 27b. Ib. 16b; Ber.18a אם קרית לא שָׁנִיתָ ואם שניתוכ׳ if thou hast read (studied), thou hast not repeated, and if thou hast repeated, thou hast not reviewed a third time, and if thou hast done so, they have not explained it to thee (v. פָּרַש). Sot.9a (ref. to Mal. 3:6) לא … ושָׁנִיתִי להוכ׳ I never struck a nation and had to do it a second time, but you, children of Israel, have not been consumed; Yalk. Deut. 825. Ib. שהיה מכה … ולא שֹׁונֶה לו who used to strike a man once and no more (killed with one stroke). Tosef.Toh.IV. 1 אומר לו שיִשְׁנֶה we say to him that he should do it again (when it will be seen whether it can be done without touching un-cleanness); אין שֹׁונִין בטהרות we must not try again for the purpose of deciding in matters of levitical cleanness; Nidd.5b אומרים לו שְׁנֵה ושונה we say to him, do it again, and he does it again; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׁנוּי; f. שְׁנוּיָה Meg.31a; Ab. Zar.19b, v. שָׁלַש; a. e. 2) (denom. of מִשְׁנָה) to study the Mishnah; in gen. to study; to teach. Meg.28b; Nidd.73a כל השונהוכ׳ he who studies (reviews) traditional laws every day. Meg.32a; Treat. Sofrim III, 10 השונה בלא זמרה who studies (Mishnah and Gemarah) without chant. B. Mets.44a שנית לנו … ותִשְׁנֶה לנווכ׳ in thy earlier days thou taughtest us … and again in thy old days, thou teachest us ?; Ab. Zar.52b. Erub.92a וכי רבי לא שְׁנָאָהּוכ׳ but if Rabbi has not taught that, whence could R. Ḥiyya have it?; Yeb.43a; Nidd.62a רבי לא שנהוכ׳ Rabbi has not taught this? whence ? Yeb.108b, a. e. מי שש׳ זו לא ש׳ זו he who taught this, has not taught that, i. e. the two clauses in the Mishnah are from different authors, v. תַּבְרָא. Ḥull.85a ראה רבי … ושְׁנָאָןוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. ושנאו) Rabbi approved of the opinion of R. … and embodied it in the Mishnah as the opinion of ‘the scholars. Pes.3b; Ḥull.63b לעולם יִשְׁנֶה אדם לתלמידווכ׳ one should always teach his pupil the shortest way (use the briefest terms). Ib. 81b, a. fr. לא שָׁנוּ אלאוכ׳ they have taught this only with regard to a case, i. e. this is meant only when ; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Nidd.22b, a. fr. במחלוקת שנויה, v. מַחֲלֹוקֶת. Nif. נִשְׁנֶה 1) to be repeated. Snh.59a ונִישְׁנֵית, v. נֹחַ. Ḥull.63b למה נִשְׁנוּ בבהמהוכ׳ why are the laws of clean and unclean animals repeated (in Deut.)? With reference to quadrupeds, on account of hasshsuʿah (Deut. 14:7, which is not found in Lev. 11:4), v. שְׁסוּעָה; Bekh.6b; a. e. 2) to be taught. B. Mets.33b; B. Kam.94b, a. e. בימי רבי נשנית משנה זו this Mishnah was taught (originated) in Rabbis days. Ber.28a, v. עֵדוּת; a. e. Hif. הִשְׂנֶה to teach (Mishnah). Lam. R. to I, 6 הַשְׁנֵינִי פרקוכ׳, v. קָרָא II; a. e. Pi. שנָּה, שִׁינָּה 1) to repeat, to come a second time. Y.1 Snh.III, 21b bot. לְשַׁנֹּות, v. טַעֲנָה. Num. R. s. 420> ולא שִׁינְּתָה, v. שָׁלַש;. 2) to change, vary, modify; to make a distinction. B. Mets.VI, 2 כל המְשַׁנֶּה ידיווכ׳, v. יָד Snh.92b אפי׳ … לא יְשנֶּה אדם את עצמווכ׳ even in time of danger (persecution) a man must not change himself from (disguise the insignia of) his office. Yeb.65b מותד … לשנותוכ׳ one may modify (the report of a persons utterances) in the interest of peace. Ib. גרול …הקב״ה ש׳ בווכ׳ peace is a great thing, for even the Lord modified (Sarahs words) for its sake (ref. to Gen. 18:12 a. 13). Y.Pes.IV, 30d top אל תְּשַׁנּוּ מנהנוכ׳ change not the usage of your fathers Gen. R. s. 48 זה אחד … ששִׁינּוּוכ׳ this is one of the things which they (the seventy translators) changed for king Ptolemee. Sabb.10b לעולם אל יְשַׁנֶּה אדם בנו בין הבנים a man must never distinguish his son among his sons (favor one son more than the others); Gen. R. s. 84. Bets.30a אם אי אפשר לשנות if it is not possible to do the thing in a different manner (so as to be reminded that it is a Holy Day). Tanḥ. Nitsabim 3 כבר … שלא אֲשנֶּה בכםוכ׳ I have sworn to you that I will not change my relation to you Yalk. Mal. 589 מי שי׳ במי which of us changed his conduct towards the other?; המקום לא שי׳ בישראל God has not changed his relation to Israel; a. fr.Part. pass. מְשוּנֶּה; f. מְשוּנָּה. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d עורב יצא מש׳ מן הבריות the raven came out of the ark looking different from all other creatures (black). Shek. V, 2, v. רִצְפָה. Sabb.56a (ref. to 2 Sam. 12:9) מש׳ רעה זווכ׳ this evil deed is different from all Ib. 156b מיתה מש׳ a strange (unnatural, sudden) death; Sot.35a; a. fr.Deut. R. s. 9 ראה אותו מש׳ he saw him (the angel of death) looking strange (excited); מפני מה אתה מש׳ why art thou excited? Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּנֶּה, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּנֶּה to be changed, different. Snh.38a בשלשה … מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מחבירווכ׳ by three things one man is distinguishable from another: by his voice Pes.X, 4 (116a) מה נ׳ הלילהוכ׳ why is this night different from all other nights? Snh.71b (read:) הואיל ונ׳ דינו ונִשְׁתֵּנֵית מיתתו because his (the proselytes) legal status is different, and the mode of capital punishment is different for him. Sabb.53b נִשְׁתַּנּוּ לו סדריוכ׳ the order of nature had to be changed for him. R. Hash. 19a מה נִישְׁתַּנִּינוּ מכלוכ׳ wherein are we different from any other nation or tongue that you decree for us such hard decrees?; a. e. -
68 שָׁנָה
שני, שָׁנָה(b. h.) 1) to repeat, do a second time. Yoma 86b ואם ש׳ בהןוכ׳ but if he committed the same sins again, he must confess them. Ib. כיון … וש׳ בהוכ׳ when a man commits a sin and repeats it, it appears to him permitted; M. Kat. 27b. Ib. 16b; Ber.18a אם קרית לא שָׁנִיתָ ואם שניתוכ׳ if thou hast read (studied), thou hast not repeated, and if thou hast repeated, thou hast not reviewed a third time, and if thou hast done so, they have not explained it to thee (v. פָּרַש). Sot.9a (ref. to Mal. 3:6) לא … ושָׁנִיתִי להוכ׳ I never struck a nation and had to do it a second time, but you, children of Israel, have not been consumed; Yalk. Deut. 825. Ib. שהיה מכה … ולא שֹׁונֶה לו who used to strike a man once and no more (killed with one stroke). Tosef.Toh.IV. 1 אומר לו שיִשְׁנֶה we say to him that he should do it again (when it will be seen whether it can be done without touching un-cleanness); אין שֹׁונִין בטהרות we must not try again for the purpose of deciding in matters of levitical cleanness; Nidd.5b אומרים לו שְׁנֵה ושונה we say to him, do it again, and he does it again; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׁנוּי; f. שְׁנוּיָה Meg.31a; Ab. Zar.19b, v. שָׁלַש; a. e. 2) (denom. of מִשְׁנָה) to study the Mishnah; in gen. to study; to teach. Meg.28b; Nidd.73a כל השונהוכ׳ he who studies (reviews) traditional laws every day. Meg.32a; Treat. Sofrim III, 10 השונה בלא זמרה who studies (Mishnah and Gemarah) without chant. B. Mets.44a שנית לנו … ותִשְׁנֶה לנווכ׳ in thy earlier days thou taughtest us … and again in thy old days, thou teachest us ?; Ab. Zar.52b. Erub.92a וכי רבי לא שְׁנָאָהּוכ׳ but if Rabbi has not taught that, whence could R. Ḥiyya have it?; Yeb.43a; Nidd.62a רבי לא שנהוכ׳ Rabbi has not taught this? whence ? Yeb.108b, a. e. מי שש׳ זו לא ש׳ זו he who taught this, has not taught that, i. e. the two clauses in the Mishnah are from different authors, v. תַּבְרָא. Ḥull.85a ראה רבי … ושְׁנָאָןוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. ושנאו) Rabbi approved of the opinion of R. … and embodied it in the Mishnah as the opinion of ‘the scholars. Pes.3b; Ḥull.63b לעולם יִשְׁנֶה אדם לתלמידווכ׳ one should always teach his pupil the shortest way (use the briefest terms). Ib. 81b, a. fr. לא שָׁנוּ אלאוכ׳ they have taught this only with regard to a case, i. e. this is meant only when ; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Nidd.22b, a. fr. במחלוקת שנויה, v. מַחֲלֹוקֶת. Nif. נִשְׁנֶה 1) to be repeated. Snh.59a ונִישְׁנֵית, v. נֹחַ. Ḥull.63b למה נִשְׁנוּ בבהמהוכ׳ why are the laws of clean and unclean animals repeated (in Deut.)? With reference to quadrupeds, on account of hasshsuʿah (Deut. 14:7, which is not found in Lev. 11:4), v. שְׁסוּעָה; Bekh.6b; a. e. 2) to be taught. B. Mets.33b; B. Kam.94b, a. e. בימי רבי נשנית משנה זו this Mishnah was taught (originated) in Rabbis days. Ber.28a, v. עֵדוּת; a. e. Hif. הִשְׂנֶה to teach (Mishnah). Lam. R. to I, 6 הַשְׁנֵינִי פרקוכ׳, v. קָרָא II; a. e. Pi. שנָּה, שִׁינָּה 1) to repeat, to come a second time. Y.1 Snh.III, 21b bot. לְשַׁנֹּות, v. טַעֲנָה. Num. R. s. 420> ולא שִׁינְּתָה, v. שָׁלַש;. 2) to change, vary, modify; to make a distinction. B. Mets.VI, 2 כל המְשַׁנֶּה ידיווכ׳, v. יָד Snh.92b אפי׳ … לא יְשנֶּה אדם את עצמווכ׳ even in time of danger (persecution) a man must not change himself from (disguise the insignia of) his office. Yeb.65b מותד … לשנותוכ׳ one may modify (the report of a persons utterances) in the interest of peace. Ib. גרול …הקב״ה ש׳ בווכ׳ peace is a great thing, for even the Lord modified (Sarahs words) for its sake (ref. to Gen. 18:12 a. 13). Y.Pes.IV, 30d top אל תְּשַׁנּוּ מנהנוכ׳ change not the usage of your fathers Gen. R. s. 48 זה אחד … ששִׁינּוּוכ׳ this is one of the things which they (the seventy translators) changed for king Ptolemee. Sabb.10b לעולם אל יְשַׁנֶּה אדם בנו בין הבנים a man must never distinguish his son among his sons (favor one son more than the others); Gen. R. s. 84. Bets.30a אם אי אפשר לשנות if it is not possible to do the thing in a different manner (so as to be reminded that it is a Holy Day). Tanḥ. Nitsabim 3 כבר … שלא אֲשנֶּה בכםוכ׳ I have sworn to you that I will not change my relation to you Yalk. Mal. 589 מי שי׳ במי which of us changed his conduct towards the other?; המקום לא שי׳ בישראל God has not changed his relation to Israel; a. fr.Part. pass. מְשוּנֶּה; f. מְשוּנָּה. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d עורב יצא מש׳ מן הבריות the raven came out of the ark looking different from all other creatures (black). Shek. V, 2, v. רִצְפָה. Sabb.56a (ref. to 2 Sam. 12:9) מש׳ רעה זווכ׳ this evil deed is different from all Ib. 156b מיתה מש׳ a strange (unnatural, sudden) death; Sot.35a; a. fr.Deut. R. s. 9 ראה אותו מש׳ he saw him (the angel of death) looking strange (excited); מפני מה אתה מש׳ why art thou excited? Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּנֶּה, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּנֶּה to be changed, different. Snh.38a בשלשה … מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מחבירווכ׳ by three things one man is distinguishable from another: by his voice Pes.X, 4 (116a) מה נ׳ הלילהוכ׳ why is this night different from all other nights? Snh.71b (read:) הואיל ונ׳ דינו ונִשְׁתֵּנֵית מיתתו because his (the proselytes) legal status is different, and the mode of capital punishment is different for him. Sabb.53b נִשְׁתַּנּוּ לו סדריוכ׳ the order of nature had to be changed for him. R. Hash. 19a מה נִישְׁתַּנִּינוּ מכלוכ׳ wherein are we different from any other nation or tongue that you decree for us such hard decrees?; a. e. -
69 The Ten Commandments
1. I am the Lord thy God, thou shalt have no other Gods before me. — Я Господь Бог твой, да не будет у тебя других богов перед лицом Моим.
2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image […] — He делай себе кумира (в современном русском языке чаще встречается церковно-славянский вариант: Не сотвори себе кумира).
3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord the God in vain. — He произноси имени Господа, Бога твоего, напрасно ( чаще — с церковно-славянским «вкраплением» — всуе).
4. Remember the sabbath day, keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God. — Помни день субботний, чтобы святить его. Шесть дней работай, и делай всякие дела твои. А день седьмый — суббота Господу Богу твоему.
5. Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days be long upon the land. — Почитай отца твоего и мать твою, чтобы продлились дни твои на земле (церковно-славянский вариант, иногда слегка контаминированный, более распространен: Чти отца твоего и матерь твою).
6. Thou shalt not kill. — He убивай (чаще, конечно, церковно-славянское: Не убий).
7. Thou shalt not commit adultery. — He прелюбодействуй.
8. Thou shalt not steal. — He кради (церковно-славянское: Не укради).
9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. — He произноси ложного свидетельства на ближнего твоего.
10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife [...] — He желай дома ближнего твоего; не желай жены ближнего твоего... (в церковно-славянском: не пожелай).
The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > The Ten Commandments
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70 עור
עוּרch. sam( Hithpol. הִתְעוֹרֵר, Nithpol. נִתְעוֹרֵר to be waked up; to bestir ones self), to stir up, awaken; to awake. Targ. Job 41:2 יְעוּרִ׳ (ed. Lag. a. oth. יְעִרִ׳ Af.).Taan.4a עוּרוּ, v. עוּרְפִּילָא.Part. עָיֵיר, עָיֵר; f. עָיְירָא, עָיְרָא. Targ. Cant. 5:2.Part. pass. עִיר, pl. עִירִין, עִירֵי awake. Y.Ber.I, 2d עד כדון ברייתא ע׳ until then (the end of the first night-watch) men are awake. Snh.29b ע׳ ושכבי ליהויוכ׳ shall those awake and those asleep be witnesses against thee (i. e. wouldst thou say so within the hearing of)? Af. אָעִיר, אָעַר 1) to stir up, awaken. Targ. Is 14:9 אֲעִירַת (ed. Lag. אעדת, read אֲעָרַת). Targ. Zech. 4:1. 2) to wake, watch; to wake up. Targ. Y. II Deut. 32:11 (not מֵעִיד); a. e.Midr. Till. to Ps. 22 (ref. to ib. 57:9) אֲעִיר יקריוכ׳ wake up, my dignity (soul), before the dignity of my Maker (v. infra). Polel עוֹרֵר to stir up, awaken. Targ. Ps. 80:3. Targ. Y. I Deut. l. c.Y.Ber.I, 2d (ref. to Ps. 57:9) אנא הוינא מְעוֹרֵר שחרהוכ׳ I am wont to wake up the dawn, the dawn never wakes me up; Pesik. Vayhi, p. 63a>; Pesik. R. s. 17 ושחרה לא עוֹרְרַתְנִי; Midr. Till. l. c; Lam. R. to II, 18; a. e. Ithpe. אִתְעִיר, Ittaf. אִתָּעַר to be stirred up; to awake; to bestir ones self. Targ. Job 14:12. Targ. Gen. 41:4. Targ. Hab. 2:19; a. e.Y. Ber. l. c. אִתְעִיר יקרי wake up, my dignity (v. supra); Pesik. l. c. אִיתְּעַר; Pesik. R. l. c.; Lam. R. l. c; Yalk. Ps. 776 יִתָּעַר יקריוכ׳ let my dignity wake up. Ber.4a לאִתְעוּרֵי משנתיה (Ms. M. לאִתְעוּרֵיה) for the purpose of (his) being waked up from his sleep; Yalk. Ex. 186. Lev. R. s. 12, beg. א׳ משנתיהוכ׳ when he woke up from his sleep, he saw ; a. fr.Koh. R. to I, 8 כיון דא׳ בך חמראוכ׳ since that wicked mans ass has been stirred up against thee (as it will be a constant reproach to thee that that man has caused thee to ride on the Sabbath), thou canst no longer stay ; (Matt. K.: since that wicked mans ass has brayed at thee, as if from נער, v. נָעַר I. -
71 עוּר
עוּרch. sam( Hithpol. הִתְעוֹרֵר, Nithpol. נִתְעוֹרֵר to be waked up; to bestir ones self), to stir up, awaken; to awake. Targ. Job 41:2 יְעוּרִ׳ (ed. Lag. a. oth. יְעִרִ׳ Af.).Taan.4a עוּרוּ, v. עוּרְפִּילָא.Part. עָיֵיר, עָיֵר; f. עָיְירָא, עָיְרָא. Targ. Cant. 5:2.Part. pass. עִיר, pl. עִירִין, עִירֵי awake. Y.Ber.I, 2d עד כדון ברייתא ע׳ until then (the end of the first night-watch) men are awake. Snh.29b ע׳ ושכבי ליהויוכ׳ shall those awake and those asleep be witnesses against thee (i. e. wouldst thou say so within the hearing of)? Af. אָעִיר, אָעַר 1) to stir up, awaken. Targ. Is 14:9 אֲעִירַת (ed. Lag. אעדת, read אֲעָרַת). Targ. Zech. 4:1. 2) to wake, watch; to wake up. Targ. Y. II Deut. 32:11 (not מֵעִיד); a. e.Midr. Till. to Ps. 22 (ref. to ib. 57:9) אֲעִיר יקריוכ׳ wake up, my dignity (soul), before the dignity of my Maker (v. infra). Polel עוֹרֵר to stir up, awaken. Targ. Ps. 80:3. Targ. Y. I Deut. l. c.Y.Ber.I, 2d (ref. to Ps. 57:9) אנא הוינא מְעוֹרֵר שחרהוכ׳ I am wont to wake up the dawn, the dawn never wakes me up; Pesik. Vayhi, p. 63a>; Pesik. R. s. 17 ושחרה לא עוֹרְרַתְנִי; Midr. Till. l. c; Lam. R. to II, 18; a. e. Ithpe. אִתְעִיר, Ittaf. אִתָּעַר to be stirred up; to awake; to bestir ones self. Targ. Job 14:12. Targ. Gen. 41:4. Targ. Hab. 2:19; a. e.Y. Ber. l. c. אִתְעִיר יקרי wake up, my dignity (v. supra); Pesik. l. c. אִיתְּעַר; Pesik. R. l. c.; Lam. R. l. c; Yalk. Ps. 776 יִתָּעַר יקריוכ׳ let my dignity wake up. Ber.4a לאִתְעוּרֵי משנתיה (Ms. M. לאִתְעוּרֵיה) for the purpose of (his) being waked up from his sleep; Yalk. Ex. 186. Lev. R. s. 12, beg. א׳ משנתיהוכ׳ when he woke up from his sleep, he saw ; a. fr.Koh. R. to I, 8 כיון דא׳ בך חמראוכ׳ since that wicked mans ass has been stirred up against thee (as it will be a constant reproach to thee that that man has caused thee to ride on the Sabbath), thou canst no longer stay ; (Matt. K.: since that wicked mans ass has brayed at thee, as if from נער, v. נָעַר I. -
72 a
prep.1 to.voy a Madrid I'm going to Madridme voy al extranjero I'm going abroadllegó a Buenos Aires/a la fiesta he arrived in Buenos Aires/at the party2 at (moment).a las siete at seven o'clocka los once años at the age of elevenal caer la noche at nightfallal oír la noticia se desmayó on hearing the news, she faintedLlegué al amanecer I arrived at dawn.3 per, every (frecuency).40 horas a la semana 40 hours per o a weektres veces al día three times a day4 to.dáselo a Ricardo give it to Ricardodile a Ricardo que venga tell Ricardo to come5 to.entró a pagar he came in to payaprender a nadar to learn to swim6 by, about to, for.* * *A, a► nombre femenino (pl as o aes)1 (la letra) A, a————————A1 ( Alteza) Highness; (abreviatura) H————————A1 ( autopista) motorway; (abreviatura) M————————A► símbolo* * *prep.1) to2) into3) in4) at5) on6) with* * *SF = a (=letra) A, a* * ** * *= for, per, to.Ex. The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.----* a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.* a alguna parte = someplace.* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.* a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de = on either side of.* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.* a años luz de = light years away from.* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.* a bajo coste = low-cost.* a bajo costo = low-cost.* a bajo nivel = low-level.* a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.* a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.* a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* a base de cometer errores = the hard way.* a base de errores = the hard way.* a boca de jarro = at close range.* a bocajarro = point blank.* a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.* a bordo = aboard, on board ship.* a bordo de = aboard, onboard.* a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.* a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.* a caballo = on horseback, astride.* a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.* a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....* a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* a cántaros = cats and dogs.* a cargo = in the saddle.* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.* a chorros = profusely.* a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* a cierta distancia = some distance away.* a cierta distancia de = off.* a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.* a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.* a cobro revertido = reverse charges.* a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].* a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.* a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.* a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.* a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.* a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.* a continuación se enumeran = given below.* a contracorriente = against the grain.* a contraluz = against the light.* a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.* a coro = with one voice, in unison.* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.* a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.* a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.* a costa de otros = at other people's expense.* a criterio de = at the discretion of.* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.* a cuatro aguas = hipped.* a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.* a cuenta de = at the expense of.* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.* a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.* a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.* a cuestas = in tow.* a decir de todos = by all accounts.* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....* a demanda = pro re nata.* a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.* a día de hoy = as of today.* a diario = every day.* a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.* a dieta = on a diet.* a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).* a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* a discreción = at will, no holds barred.* a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.* a disposición de = at the disposal of.* a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.* a doble espacio = double-spaced.* a domicilio = domiciliary.* ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.* a dos niveles = two-tier.* a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.* a duras penas = with great difficulty.* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.* a él = him.* a ellos = them.* a escala = drawn-to-scale.* a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.* a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.* a escala natural = full-scale.* a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.* a eso = thereto.* a espaldas de = out of sight of.* a estas alturas = by now.* a este fin = to this end.* a este paso = at this rate.* a este respecto = in this respect.* a este ritmo = at this rate.* a estrenar = brand new.* a examen = under the microscope.* a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.* a excepción de que = except that.* a excepción de uno = with one exception.* a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.* a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.* a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.* a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.* a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.* a favor = in favour.* a favor de = in favour of.* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.* a favor y en contra = pro and con.* a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.* a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.* a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.* a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.* a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.* a fondo perdido = non-refundable.* ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.* a fuerza de = by dint of.* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.* a gas = gas-powered.* a gatas = on all fours.* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a granel = in bulk.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a gritos = vociferously.* a groso modo = crudely.* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.* a gusto = at ease, at leisure.* a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.* a horcajadas = astride.* a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.* a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].* a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.* a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.* a instancia de = at the urging of.* a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.* a intervalos = at intervals.* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.* a invitación de = at the invitation of.* a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].* a juicio = on trial.* a juicio público = in the public eye.* a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.* a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].* a la alcaldía = mayoral.* a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.* a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.* a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.* a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.* a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.* a la anochecida = at nightfall.* a la antigua = old-style.* a la antigua usanza = old-style.* a la atención de = c/o (care of).* a la baja = on the wane.* a la brasa = grilled.* a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.* a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.* a la carta = a la carte.* a la defensiva = on the defensive.* a la derecha = at the right.* a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a la deriva = rudderless.* a la discreción de = at the discretion of.* a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.* a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.* a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.* a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* a la hora del café = at coffee.* a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.* a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.* a la izquierda = at the left.* a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.* a la ligera = lightly.* a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.* a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.* a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.* a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.* a la luz del día = in the light of day.* a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.* a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].* a la onda = in the know.* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.* a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.* a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.* a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.* a la perfección = superbly.* a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.* a la salida = on the way out.* a la sazón = at that time.* a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.* a la semana = a week, per week.* a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.* a la sombra de = in the shadow of.* a las puertas de = on the threshold of.* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.* a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.* a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.* a la venta = on release.* a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.* a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.* a la vista = in sight, within sight.* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.* a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.* a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.* al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.* al extremo norte = northernmost.* al extremo oeste = westernmost.* al hacer esto = in doing so.* al norte del estado = upstate.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.* a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.* a lo largo de la historia = over time.* a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.* a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].* a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* a lo lejos = in the distance.* a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.* a lo mejor = perhaps.* a lo que salga = come what may.* a los ojos de = in the eyes of.* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.* a lo zombi = zombielike.* a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.* a mano alzada = by a show of hands.* a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a manojos = by the handful.* a manos de = at the hands of.* a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.* a mares = cats and dogs.* a más largo plazo = longer-term.* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....* a más tardar = at the latest.* a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.* a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.* a mediados de = in the middle decades of.* a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.* a mediados de semana = midweek.* a media jornada = half-time [half time].* a media mañana = mid-morning.* a medianoche = at midnight.* a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.* a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.* a medida = custom, bespoke.* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medio abrir = half-opened.* a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a medio comprender = half-understood.* a medio formar = half-formed.* a medio fuego = medium heat.* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].* a medio rimar = half-rhymed.* a medio vestir = half dressed.* a menor escala = at a reduced rate.* a menos que = unless, short of.* a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].* a merced de = at the mercy of.* a mí = me.* a mi entender = to my mind.* a mi modo de ver = in my books.* a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.* a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.* a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....* a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....* a mitad de precio = at half price.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.* a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montones = in droves, by the sackful.* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.* a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].* a nivel federal = federally, federally.* a nivel individual = privately.* a nivel local = locally, domestically.* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].* a nivel privado = privately.* a nivel regional = regionally.* a nombre de = payable to.* a no ser que = unless.* a nosotros = us.* a ojo = ocular.* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a orillas del océano = oceanfront.* a orillas del río = riverfront.* a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.* a otro sitio = somewhere else.* a pares = in pairs.* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).* a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.* a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.* a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.* a partir de aquí = hereupon.* a partir de ello = therefrom.* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.* a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.* a partir de este momento = hereinafter.* a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.* a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.* a partir de hoy = as from today.* a partir de la medianoche = late night.* a partir de los títulos = title-based.* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.* a paso ligero = on the double.* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].* a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.* a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.* a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.* a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.* a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.* a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.* a petición popular = by popular demand.* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.* a pilas = battery-operated.* a pique = sinking.* a placer = at will.* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a porrillo = by the handful.* a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.* a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.* a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.* a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.* a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.* a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.* a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.* a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.* a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.* a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.* a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de ganga = at a steal.* a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.* a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).* a precio reducido = at a discount.* a precios competitivos = competitively priced.* a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a precios razonables = at affordable prices.* a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].* a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.* a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.* a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.* a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.* a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.* a prisa = quickly.* a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.* a propósito de = apropos of.* a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.* a prueba = on trial.* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de niños = childproof.* a prueba de robos = theft proof.* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].* a prueba de viento = windproof.* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.* a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.* a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.* a quemarropa = point blank.* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.* a quienquiera que = whomever.* a rachas = by fits and starts.* a ráfagas = in bursts.* a raíz de = in the wake of.* a rajatabla = to the letter.* a ras de = flush with.* a ras de la calle = ground-floor.* a ras del suelo = at ground level.* a rastras = in tow.* a ratos = intermittently.* a reacción = jet-assisted.* a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.* a régimen = on a diet.* a remolque = in tow.* a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a saber = namely, viz, to wit.* a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].* a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.* a sacudidas = jerkily.* a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.* a sangre fría = cold-blooded.* a ser posible = if possible.* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.* a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.* a sueldo = paid.* a su precio normal = at full price.* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.* a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.* a tal efecto = to this effect.* a tales efectos = hereto.* a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.* a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.* a ti = you, thee.* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.* a tiempo completo = full-time.* a tiempo parcial = part-time.* a tientas = in the dark.* a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a tiro = within gunshot, within range.* a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a título de = by way of, for the sake of.* a título gratuito = gratuitous.* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.* a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.* a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda prueba = unswerving.* a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.* a todas luces = patently.* a todas partes = far and wide.* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a todo alrededor = all round.* a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.* a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo lo largo de = the length of.* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.* a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.* a todos lados = far and wide.* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.* a todos los niveles = at all levels.* a todos nosotros = us all.* a todos por igual = one size fits all.* a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo volumen = at full blast.* a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.* a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.* a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.* a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.* a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.* a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de la historia = over time.* a través de la TI = IT-enabled.* a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de los años = over the years, down the years.* a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.* a través de los siglos = over the centuries.* a través del teléfono = call-in.* a través del tiempo = over time.* a través de operador = operator-assisted.* a tres bandas = three pronged.* a tres niveles = three-tiered.* a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.* a trompicones = by fits and starts.* a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.* a trozos = piecewise.* ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.[b]* a últ* * ** * *= for, per, to.Ex: The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.
Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.* a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.* a alguna parte = someplace.* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.* a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de = on either side of.* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.* a años luz de = light years away from.* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.* a bajo coste = low-cost.* a bajo costo = low-cost.* a bajo nivel = low-level.* a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.* a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.* a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* a base de cometer errores = the hard way.* a base de errores = the hard way.* a boca de jarro = at close range.* a bocajarro = point blank.* a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.* a bordo = aboard, on board ship.* a bordo de = aboard, onboard.* a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.* a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.* a caballo = on horseback, astride.* a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.* a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....* a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* a cántaros = cats and dogs.* a cargo = in the saddle.* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.* a chorros = profusely.* a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* a cierta distancia = some distance away.* a cierta distancia de = off.* a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.* a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.* a cobro revertido = reverse charges.* a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].* a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.* a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.* a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.* a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.* a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.* a continuación se enumeran = given below.* a contracorriente = against the grain.* a contraluz = against the light.* a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.* a coro = with one voice, in unison.* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.* a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.* a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.* a costa de otros = at other people's expense.* a criterio de = at the discretion of.* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.* a cuatro aguas = hipped.* a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.* a cuenta de = at the expense of.* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.* a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.* a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.* a cuestas = in tow.* a decir de todos = by all accounts.* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....* a demanda = pro re nata.* a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.* a día de hoy = as of today.* a diario = every day.* a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.* a dieta = on a diet.* a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).* a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* a discreción = at will, no holds barred.* a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.* a disposición de = at the disposal of.* a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.* a doble espacio = double-spaced.* a domicilio = domiciliary.* ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.* a dos niveles = two-tier.* a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.* a duras penas = with great difficulty.* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.* a él = him.* a ellos = them.* a escala = drawn-to-scale.* a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.* a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.* a escala natural = full-scale.* a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.* a eso = thereto.* a espaldas de = out of sight of.* a estas alturas = by now.* a este fin = to this end.* a este paso = at this rate.* a este respecto = in this respect.* a este ritmo = at this rate.* a estrenar = brand new.* a examen = under the microscope.* a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.* a excepción de que = except that.* a excepción de uno = with one exception.* a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.* a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.* a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.* a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.* a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.* a favor = in favour.* a favor de = in favour of.* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.* a favor y en contra = pro and con.* a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.* a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.* a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.* a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.* a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.* a fondo perdido = non-refundable.* ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.* a fuerza de = by dint of.* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.* a gas = gas-powered.* a gatas = on all fours.* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a granel = in bulk.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a gritos = vociferously.* a groso modo = crudely.* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.* a gusto = at ease, at leisure.* a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.* a horcajadas = astride.* a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.* a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].* a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.* a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.* a instancia de = at the urging of.* a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.* a intervalos = at intervals.* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.* a invitación de = at the invitation of.* a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].* a juicio = on trial.* a juicio público = in the public eye.* a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.* a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].* a la alcaldía = mayoral.* a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.* a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.* a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.* a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.* a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.* a la anochecida = at nightfall.* a la antigua = old-style.* a la antigua usanza = old-style.* a la atención de = c/o (care of).* a la baja = on the wane.* a la brasa = grilled.* a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.* a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.* a la carta = a la carte.* a la defensiva = on the defensive.* a la derecha = at the right.* a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a la deriva = rudderless.* a la discreción de = at the discretion of.* a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.* a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.* a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.* a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* a la hora del café = at coffee.* a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.* a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.* a la izquierda = at the left.* a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.* a la ligera = lightly.* a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.* a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.* a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.* a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.* a la luz del día = in the light of day.* a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.* a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].* a la onda = in the know.* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.* a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.* a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.* a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.* a la perfección = superbly.* a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.* a la salida = on the way out.* a la sazón = at that time.* a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.* a la semana = a week, per week.* a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.* a la sombra de = in the shadow of.* a las puertas de = on the threshold of.* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.* a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.* a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.* a la venta = on release.* a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.* a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.* a la vista = in sight, within sight.* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.* a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.* a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.* al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.* al extremo norte = northernmost.* al extremo oeste = westernmost.* al hacer esto = in doing so.* al norte del estado = upstate.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.* a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.* a lo largo de la historia = over time.* a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.* a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].* a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* a lo lejos = in the distance.* a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.* a lo mejor = perhaps.* a lo que salga = come what may.* a los ojos de = in the eyes of.* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.* a lo zombi = zombielike.* a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.* a mano alzada = by a show of hands.* a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a manojos = by the handful.* a manos de = at the hands of.* a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.* a mares = cats and dogs.* a más largo plazo = longer-term.* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....* a más tardar = at the latest.* a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.* a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.* a mediados de = in the middle decades of.* a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.* a mediados de semana = midweek.* a media jornada = half-time [half time].* a media mañana = mid-morning.* a medianoche = at midnight.* a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.* a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.* a medida = custom, bespoke.* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medio abrir = half-opened.* a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a medio comprender = half-understood.* a medio formar = half-formed.* a medio fuego = medium heat.* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].* a medio rimar = half-rhymed.* a medio vestir = half dressed.* a menor escala = at a reduced rate.* a menos que = unless, short of.* a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].* a merced de = at the mercy of.* a mí = me.* a mi entender = to my mind.* a mi modo de ver = in my books.* a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.* a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.* a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....* a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....* a mitad de precio = at half price.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.* a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montones = in droves, by the sackful.* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.* a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].* a nivel federal = federally, federally.* a nivel individual = privately.* a nivel local = locally, domestically.* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].* a nivel privado = privately.* a nivel regional = regionally.* a nombre de = payable to.* a no ser que = unless.* a nosotros = us.* a ojo = ocular.* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a orillas del océano = oceanfront.* a orillas del río = riverfront.* a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.* a otro sitio = somewhere else.* a pares = in pairs.* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).* a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.* a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.* a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.* a partir de aquí = hereupon.* a partir de ello = therefrom.* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.* a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.* a partir de este momento = hereinafter.* a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.* a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.* a partir de hoy = as from today.* a partir de la medianoche = late night.* a partir de los títulos = title-based.* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.* a paso ligero = on the double.* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].* a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.* a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.* a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.* a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.* a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.* a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.* a petición popular = by popular demand.* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.* a pilas = battery-operated.* a pique = sinking.* a placer = at will.* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a porrillo = by the handful.* a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.* a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.* a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.* a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.* a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.* a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.* a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.* a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.* a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.* a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.* a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de ganga = at a steal.* a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.* a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).* a precio reducido = at a discount.* a precios competitivos = competitively priced.* a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a precios razonables = at affordable prices.* a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].* a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.* a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.* a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.* a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.* a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.* a prisa = quickly.* a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.* a propósito de = apropos of.* a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.* a prueba = on trial.* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de niños = childproof.* a prueba de robos = theft proof.* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].* a prueba de viento = windproof.* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.* a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.* a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.* a quemarropa = point blank.* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.* a quienquiera que = whomever.* a rachas = by fits and starts.* a ráfagas = in bursts.* a raíz de = in the wake of.* a rajatabla = to the letter.* a ras de = flush with.* a ras de la calle = ground-floor.* a ras del suelo = at ground level.* a rastras = in tow.* a ratos = intermittently.* a reacción = jet-assisted.* a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.* a régimen = on a diet.* a remolque = in tow.* a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a saber = namely, viz, to wit.* a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].* a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.* a sacudidas = jerkily.* a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.* a sangre fría = cold-blooded.* a ser posible = if possible.* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.* a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.* a sueldo = paid.* a su precio normal = at full price.* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.* a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.* a tal efecto = to this effect.* a tales efectos = hereto.* a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.* a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.* a ti = you, thee.* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.* a tiempo completo = full-time.* a tiempo parcial = part-time.* a tientas = in the dark.* a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a tiro = within gunshot, within range.* a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a título de = by way of, for the sake of.* a título gratuito = gratuitous.* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.* a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.* a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda prueba = unswerving.* a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.* a todas luces = patently.* a todas partes = far and wide.* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a todo alrededor = all round.* a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.* a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo lo largo de = the length of.* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.* a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.* a todos lados = far and wide.* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.* a todos los niveles = at all levels.* a todos nosotros = us all.* a todos por igual = one size fits all.* a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo volumen = at full blast.* a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.* a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.* a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.* a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.* a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.* a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de la historia = over time.* a través de la TI = IT-enabled.* a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de los años = over the years, down the years.* a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.* a través de los siglos = over the centuries.* a través del teléfono = call-in.* a través del tiempo = over time.* a través de operador = operator-assisted.* a tres bandas = three pronged.* a tres niveles = three-tiered.* a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.* a trompicones = by fits and starts.* a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.* a trozos = piecewise.* ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.* a últ* * *aLa preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan como quien, alguien, etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, pasear al perro = to walk the dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.A (en relaciones de espacio, lugar)voy a México/a la fiesta I'm going to Mexico/to the partyvoy a casa I'm going homedobla a la derecha turn rightse cayó al río she fell into the river2 (indicando posición) atestaban sentados a la mesa they were sitting at the tablea orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebrose sentó al sol he sat in the sunse sentó a mi derecha he sat down to the right of me o on my righta la vuelta de la esquina around the cornerqueda al norte de Toledo it's (to the) north of Toledo3(indicando distancia): está a diez kilómetros de aquí it's ten kilometers from here, it's ten kilometers awayestá a unos 20 minutos de aquí it takes o it's about 20 minutes from here, it's a 20 minute drive ( o walk etc) from here1 (señalando hora, momento, fecha) atabren a las ocho they open at eight o'clock¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?a eso de las dos at around o about two o'clocka la hora del almuerzo at lunchtimea mediados de abril in mid-Aprilhoy estamos a 20 it's the 20th todayal día siguiente the next o following dayempezó a hablar a los diez meses he started talking when he was ten months old o at ten monthsllegó a la mañana/noche ( RPl); he arrived in the morning/at night2 al + INF:se cayó al bajar del autobús she fell as she was getting off the busal verlo me di cuenta de que ya no lo quería when I saw him o on seeing him, I realized that I no longer loved himal salir de la estación torcí a la izquierda I turned left out of the station3(indicando distancia en el tiempo): a escasos minutos de su llegada (después) just a few minutes after she arrived; (antes) just a few minutes before she arrivedtrabajan de lunes a viernes/de una a cinco they work (from) Monday to Friday/from one to fivea los diez minutos del primer tiempo ten minutes into the first half o after ten minutes of the first halfestaré en París de martes a jueves I'll be in Paris from Tuesday until Thursday, I'll be in Paris Tuesday through Thursday ( AmE)C(en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): tres veces al día/a la semana three times a day/a weeksale a 2.000 euros por cabeza it works out at 2,000 euros per personiban a 100 kilómetros por hora they were going (at) 100 kilometers per hournos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us by five points to three, they beat us five three o ( AmE) five to threeD(indicando modo, estilo): fuimos a pie/a caballo we walked/rode, we went on foot/on horsebackpollo al horno/a la brasa roast/barbecued chickenun peinado a lo Rodolfo Valentino a Rudolph Valentino hairstylea crédito on creditilustraciones a todo color full-color illustrationsuna tela a rayas a piece of striped material1(introduciendo el complemento directo de persona): ¿viste a José? did you see José?la policía está buscando al asesino the police are looking for the murdererno he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freudbusca una secretaria bilingüe he's looking for a bilingual secretary]2(introduciendo el complemento indirecto): le escribió una carta a su padre he wrote a letter to his father, he wrote his father a letterdáselo/dáselos a ella give it/them to herles enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children Englishsuave al tacto soft to the touchagradable al oído pleasing to the ear3Fenséñale a nadar teach him to swimfue a preguntar he went to aska que + SUBJ:los instó a que participaran he urged them to take partvoy a ir a que me hagan un chequeo I'm going to go and have a checkup2 ( fam)(para): ¿a qué tanta ceremonia? what's all the fuss for?¿a qué le fuiste a decir eso? what did you go and tell him that for?3¿quién va a ir a por los niños? who's going to fetch o get the children?¡a por ello! go for it!G (señalando una acción que ha de realizarse) a + INF:los puntos a tratar en la reunión de mañana the points to be discussed at tomorrow's meetinges una idea a tener en cuenta it's an idea to bear in mind o that should be borne in mindtotal a pagar total payablehorario a convenir hours to be arrangedH1(en órdenes): ¡a la cama, niños! off to bed, children!¡a callar! shut up! ( colloq)vamos ¡a trabajar! come on, let's get some work done!2 (con valor condicional) a + INF:a decir verdad to tell you the trutha juzgar por lo que tú dices judging from what you say3 ( fam)(en cuanto a): a tozudo no hay quien le gane when it comes to being stubborn there's nobody like him4al + INF:al no saber idiomas está en desventaja as he doesn't speak any languages he is at a disadvantage, he's at a disadvantage not speaking any languages5(expresando desafío): ¿a que no sabes qué nota me puso? you'll never guess what mark she gave me!tú no te atreverías — ¿a que sí? you wouldn't dare — do you want to o a bet? ( colloq)¡a que no puedes! bet you can't! ( colloq)* * *
Multiple Entries:
A
a
A,◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a
a preposición Nota:
La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
1
◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;
voy a casa I'm going home;
se cayó al río she fell into the riverb) ( indicando posición):
a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro;
se sentó al sol he sat in the sun;
se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my rightc) ( indicando distancia):
2a) (señalando hora, momento) at;
a la hora de comer at lunch time;
¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?;
a mediados de abril in mid-April;
al día siguiente the next o following dayb) ( señalando fecha):◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th todayc) al + inf:
al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news
( antes) a few minutes before she arrived;
3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia):
sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each;
a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour;
nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three
4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;
a crédito on credit;
funciona a pilas it runs on batteries;
a mano by hand;
a rayas striped;
vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes
5
◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;
no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud
dáselo a ella give it to her;
les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English;
le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the doorc) ( indicando procedencia):◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy
A, a f (letra) A
'A' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
a. C.
- a.m.
- abajeña
- abajeño
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonada
- abandonado
- abanico
- abarquillada
- abarquillado
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abasto
- abatida
- abatido
- abatirse
- abdicar
- aberración
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abigarrada
- abigarrado
- abigarrar
- ablandar
- ablusada
- ablusado
- abnegada
- abnegado
- abobada
- abobado
- abocada
- abocado
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abombada
- abombado
- abonar
- abonada
- abonado
- abonarse
- abono
- abordar
- abordaje
- aborregar
- abortar
- abortiva
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- abandon
- abandoned
- abide by
- ability
- abject
- abnormal
- aboard
- aborigine
- abortion
- abortive
- about
- above
- above-board
- above-mentioned
- abrasive
- abreast
- abridged
- abrupt
- absent
- absent-minded
- absolute
- absolutely
- absorbed
- abstemious
- abstract
- absurd
- abundant
- abuse
- abusive
- abysmal
- academic
- academy
- accede
- accent
- acceptable
- access
- accident-prone
- accidental
- accidentally
- acclimatized
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplish
- accomplished
- account
- account for
- accountable
* * *AA, a [a] nf[letra] A, a;si por a o por be… if for any reason…* * *aprp1 dirección to;al este de to the east of;a casa home;ir a la cama/al cine go to bed/to the movies;¡a trabajar! get to work!;vamos a Buenos Aires we’re going to Buenos Aires;voy a casa de Marta I’m going to Marta’s (house)2 situación at;a la mesa at the table;al lado de next to;a la derecha on the right;al sol in the sun;a treinta kilómetros de Cuzco thirty kilometers from Cuzco;está a cinco kilómetros it’s five kilometers away3 tiempo:¿a qué hora llegas? what time do you arrive?;a las tres at three o’clock;de once a doce from eleven (o’clock) to twelve;estamos a quince de febrero it’s February fifteenth;a los treinta años at the age of thirty;a la llegada del tren when the train arrives4 modo:a la española the Spanish way;a mano by hand;a pie on foot;a 50 kilómetros por hora at fifty kilometers an hour5 precio:¿a cómo ocuánto está? how much is it?;están a dos pesos el kilo they are two pesos a kilo:dáselo a tu hermano give it to your brother:vi a mi padre I saw my father:empezar a begin to;jugar a las cartas play cards;decidirse a hacer algo decide to do sth;voy a comprarlo I’m going to buy it;a decir verdad to tell the truth:¿a que no lo sabes? I bet you don’t know;a ver OK, right;a ver lo que pasa ahora let’s see what happens nowabr (= alias) aka (= also known as)* * *a nf: first letter of the Spanish alphabeta prep1) : tonos vamos a México: we're going to Mexico¿llamaste a tu papá?: did you call your dad?como a usted le guste: as you wish3) : in the manner ofpapas a la francesa: french fries4) : on, by means ofa pie: on foot5) : per, eachtres pastillas al día: three pills per dayenséñales a leer: teach them to readproblemas a resolver: problems to be solved* * *a prep1. (dirección) to2. (posición) at3. (distancia) awayestá a un kilómetro de aquí it's one kilometre from here / it's one kilometre away4. (tiempo) at5. (distribución, cantidad, medida, precio) a / attocamos a 1.000 cada uno it works out at 1,000 each6. (modo)fui a pie I walked / I went on foothecho a mano handmade / made by hand¿has visto a Iván? have you seen Iván?9. (para) for10. (de) from -
73 אחר
אַחַר(b. h.; v. foreg.), pl. constr. אַחֲרֵי after, behind. Gen. R. s. 44 wherever the Bible uses the preposition aḥaré סמוך, it means in connection with, אחר מופלג while aḥar means without connection ( later on). Yoma 6a אחר א׳ after ‘after, i. e. some time after the act, opp. חד אחר one ‘after, immediately, v. אֶוְתִּיוֹס.לְאַחֲרָיו, לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, מֵאַחֲרָיו, מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ after it, as concluding, opp. לפניה, לפניו introductory (prayer).Ber.I, 4 אחת לא׳ one benediction after the Shma. Ib. III, 4 לאחריו (prayer) after meal; a. fr.כִּלְאַחַר יד as if doing a thing with the back of the hand, i. e. in a manner different from the usual way of doing it. Sabb.153b; a. fr.מֵאַחַר 1) (conj. followed by ש־ or ד־) after, since, whereas, because. Ḥull.29a מא׳ ששנינו after it has once been stated in the Mishnah … why was it necessary (?) Ib. b ומאחר דאפי׳וכ׳ and since it is not even rabbinically unfit, why ; a. fr. 2) a legal term, meaḥar, the presumption of the truth of ones statement, because he might have pleaded more profitably, if he had been inclined to lie. Y.Shebu.VI, 36d bot. אין אומרים בממון מא׳ מאחרוכ׳ in money matters we do not apply the principle of meaḥer, so as to say that because he might have said ‘thou hast not lent me anything, he may say, ‘thou didst lend me, but I paid half of it (and his plea must be accepted without an oath); v. מִיגּוֹ s. v. גּוֹ.אַחֲרֶיךָ thy successor. Y.Kil.IX, 32c top יהודה בני א׳וכ׳ my son Judah shall succeed thee, none else (is worthy). Keth.95b my property I bequeath to thee ואַחְרַיִיךְ לפ׳ and after thee it shall go over to …אַחַר כָּךְ (abbrev. אח״כ) afterwards, subsequently. Pes.X, 2; a. v. fr. -
74 אַחַר
אַחַר(b. h.; v. foreg.), pl. constr. אַחֲרֵי after, behind. Gen. R. s. 44 wherever the Bible uses the preposition aḥaré סמוך, it means in connection with, אחר מופלג while aḥar means without connection ( later on). Yoma 6a אחר א׳ after ‘after, i. e. some time after the act, opp. חד אחר one ‘after, immediately, v. אֶוְתִּיוֹס.לְאַחֲרָיו, לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, מֵאַחֲרָיו, מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ after it, as concluding, opp. לפניה, לפניו introductory (prayer).Ber.I, 4 אחת לא׳ one benediction after the Shma. Ib. III, 4 לאחריו (prayer) after meal; a. fr.כִּלְאַחַר יד as if doing a thing with the back of the hand, i. e. in a manner different from the usual way of doing it. Sabb.153b; a. fr.מֵאַחַר 1) (conj. followed by ש־ or ד־) after, since, whereas, because. Ḥull.29a מא׳ ששנינו after it has once been stated in the Mishnah … why was it necessary (?) Ib. b ומאחר דאפי׳וכ׳ and since it is not even rabbinically unfit, why ; a. fr. 2) a legal term, meaḥar, the presumption of the truth of ones statement, because he might have pleaded more profitably, if he had been inclined to lie. Y.Shebu.VI, 36d bot. אין אומרים בממון מא׳ מאחרוכ׳ in money matters we do not apply the principle of meaḥer, so as to say that because he might have said ‘thou hast not lent me anything, he may say, ‘thou didst lend me, but I paid half of it (and his plea must be accepted without an oath); v. מִיגּוֹ s. v. גּוֹ.אַחֲרֶיךָ thy successor. Y.Kil.IX, 32c top יהודה בני א׳וכ׳ my son Judah shall succeed thee, none else (is worthy). Keth.95b my property I bequeath to thee ואַחְרַיִיךְ לפ׳ and after thee it shall go over to …אַחַר כָּךְ (abbrev. אח״כ) afterwards, subsequently. Pes.X, 2; a. v. fr. -
75 מצי
מצי, מָצָא(b. h.; cmp. מְטֵי) to reach; to find. B. Mets.I, 1 אני מְצָאתִיהָ I found it. Ib. 2a הואי אמינא מאי מצאתיה ראיתיהוכ׳ I might have thought ‘I found it meant ‘I discovered it, although he had not taken it up Ib., a. e. וּמְצָאתָהּ דאתאי ליריהוכ׳ ‘and which thou hast found (Deut. 22:3) means that it came into his possession. Gitt.IX, 10 מ׳ בה דבר ערוה he discovered in her something disgraceful (infidelity); מ׳ אחרתוכ׳ he found another woman handsomer than she; a. fr.מה מָצִינוּ ב־ … אףוכ׳ what do we find with regard to? So also, i. e. as in the case of, so Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. VIII, Par. 7 מה מצינו בהקטרה … אף מליקהוכ׳ as when burning (the sacrifice on the altar) the head is separated from the trunk, so when pinching the neck of the bird the head must be severed ; a. fr.Part. pass. מָצוּי, f. מְצוּיָה; pl. מְצוּיִין; מְצוּיוֹת accessible, frequent; likely. Arakh.30b ומצא פרט למ׳ ‘and he find the means (Lev. 25:26), this excludes the case of the means being accessible, i. e. of one who had the means at the time being. B. Mets.27a (ref. to Deut. 22:3, v. supra) מי שאבודה הימנו ומ׳ אצלוכ׳ that which is lost to him but accessible to any body else; אבורה הומנו ואינה מ׳ אצלוכ׳ lost to him and inaccessible to every one else (e. g. swept away by a flood). Sabb.151b שאתה מוֹצֵא ומ׳ לךוכ׳ עשה עד do good while thou findest (an opportunity), and it is possible to thee (thou hast the means), and thou art yet in thy own power (possessest thy faculties). Snh.86a כי ימצא פרט למ׳ ‘if one be found stealing (Deut. 24:7), this excludes the case when the abducted and sold person was in his power (his own child). Ib. כמצויין בידו דמי the case is to be judged as if they (the children) had been in his possession. Gen. R. s. 85 השטר מ׳ להגבות the note can be produced for collection, i. e. evidence can be found against us. Gitt.2b אין עדים מ׳ לקיימו no witnesses are to be had to identify it. B. Mets.18a במקום שהשיירות מ׳ where caravans pass frequently. Esth. R. to I, 1, v. דִּידְכֵי. Ib. (ref. to Ps. 21:9) תהא ידך מ׳ ליפרע מאזיביך thou shalt have the opportunity of punishing thy enemies. B. Kam.4a הזיקה מ׳ the damage through it is frequent. Ib. 60a רוח מ׳ an ordinary wind, רוח שאינה מ׳ an extraordinary wind; a. v. fr. Nif. נִמְצָא to be found. Gen. R. s. 85 שנִמְצְאוּ בגניבה who are caught at a theft; a. fr.Esp. to turn out, to follow, to result. Ḥull.I, 4 נ׳ כשרוכ׳ the result is, what is legal in slaughtering is illegal in pinching. Pes.25b ונ׳ למד, v. לָמֵד II. Sifré Deut. 210 נִמְצִּינוּ למדים from which we can consequently derive.Y.Pes.V, beg.31c, a. fr. נִמְצֵאתָ אומר thou turnest out saying, i. e. the result is, consequently.אם תִּימָּצֵי (תִּמָּצֵא) לומר (abbr. את״ל) if you will say. Gitt.82b אם תמצא לומר איתאוכ׳ if you will adopt the opinion of Sabb.136a את״ל פליגיוכ׳ if you assume that they differ ; a. fr.Tosef.Ohol.IV, 12 כשתמצא לומרוכ׳ if you assume Hif. הִמְצִיא to furnish, provide with. Gen. R. l. c. נאבדו וה׳ הקב״הוכ׳ they (the tokens) had been lost, and the Lord provided others instead. Ḥag.5a (ref. to תמצאן, Deut. 31:21) עבד שרבו מַמְצִיאוכ׳ what remedy is there for a slave for whom his master invents evils and troubles? Ib. הממציא לו מעות לעניוכ׳ he who is ready to furnish the means (of bis delivery) to the poor man in distress (by which the persecutors greed is increased); (Rashi: he who has money ready for the poor man in extreme distress, instead of helping him to a livelihood in due time). Arakh.30b (ref. to Deut. 19:5) ומצא פרט לממציא את עצמו ‘and it strikes, this excludes the case of one who brings himself within the range of the missile (after it is started); Macc.8a; a. e. -
76 מצא
מצי, מָצָא(b. h.; cmp. מְטֵי) to reach; to find. B. Mets.I, 1 אני מְצָאתִיהָ I found it. Ib. 2a הואי אמינא מאי מצאתיה ראיתיהוכ׳ I might have thought ‘I found it meant ‘I discovered it, although he had not taken it up Ib., a. e. וּמְצָאתָהּ דאתאי ליריהוכ׳ ‘and which thou hast found (Deut. 22:3) means that it came into his possession. Gitt.IX, 10 מ׳ בה דבר ערוה he discovered in her something disgraceful (infidelity); מ׳ אחרתוכ׳ he found another woman handsomer than she; a. fr.מה מָצִינוּ ב־ … אףוכ׳ what do we find with regard to? So also, i. e. as in the case of, so Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. VIII, Par. 7 מה מצינו בהקטרה … אף מליקהוכ׳ as when burning (the sacrifice on the altar) the head is separated from the trunk, so when pinching the neck of the bird the head must be severed ; a. fr.Part. pass. מָצוּי, f. מְצוּיָה; pl. מְצוּיִין; מְצוּיוֹת accessible, frequent; likely. Arakh.30b ומצא פרט למ׳ ‘and he find the means (Lev. 25:26), this excludes the case of the means being accessible, i. e. of one who had the means at the time being. B. Mets.27a (ref. to Deut. 22:3, v. supra) מי שאבודה הימנו ומ׳ אצלוכ׳ that which is lost to him but accessible to any body else; אבורה הומנו ואינה מ׳ אצלוכ׳ lost to him and inaccessible to every one else (e. g. swept away by a flood). Sabb.151b שאתה מוֹצֵא ומ׳ לךוכ׳ עשה עד do good while thou findest (an opportunity), and it is possible to thee (thou hast the means), and thou art yet in thy own power (possessest thy faculties). Snh.86a כי ימצא פרט למ׳ ‘if one be found stealing (Deut. 24:7), this excludes the case when the abducted and sold person was in his power (his own child). Ib. כמצויין בידו דמי the case is to be judged as if they (the children) had been in his possession. Gen. R. s. 85 השטר מ׳ להגבות the note can be produced for collection, i. e. evidence can be found against us. Gitt.2b אין עדים מ׳ לקיימו no witnesses are to be had to identify it. B. Mets.18a במקום שהשיירות מ׳ where caravans pass frequently. Esth. R. to I, 1, v. דִּידְכֵי. Ib. (ref. to Ps. 21:9) תהא ידך מ׳ ליפרע מאזיביך thou shalt have the opportunity of punishing thy enemies. B. Kam.4a הזיקה מ׳ the damage through it is frequent. Ib. 60a רוח מ׳ an ordinary wind, רוח שאינה מ׳ an extraordinary wind; a. v. fr. Nif. נִמְצָא to be found. Gen. R. s. 85 שנִמְצְאוּ בגניבה who are caught at a theft; a. fr.Esp. to turn out, to follow, to result. Ḥull.I, 4 נ׳ כשרוכ׳ the result is, what is legal in slaughtering is illegal in pinching. Pes.25b ונ׳ למד, v. לָמֵד II. Sifré Deut. 210 נִמְצִּינוּ למדים from which we can consequently derive.Y.Pes.V, beg.31c, a. fr. נִמְצֵאתָ אומר thou turnest out saying, i. e. the result is, consequently.אם תִּימָּצֵי (תִּמָּצֵא) לומר (abbr. את״ל) if you will say. Gitt.82b אם תמצא לומר איתאוכ׳ if you will adopt the opinion of Sabb.136a את״ל פליגיוכ׳ if you assume that they differ ; a. fr.Tosef.Ohol.IV, 12 כשתמצא לומרוכ׳ if you assume Hif. הִמְצִיא to furnish, provide with. Gen. R. l. c. נאבדו וה׳ הקב״הוכ׳ they (the tokens) had been lost, and the Lord provided others instead. Ḥag.5a (ref. to תמצאן, Deut. 31:21) עבד שרבו מַמְצִיאוכ׳ what remedy is there for a slave for whom his master invents evils and troubles? Ib. הממציא לו מעות לעניוכ׳ he who is ready to furnish the means (of bis delivery) to the poor man in distress (by which the persecutors greed is increased); (Rashi: he who has money ready for the poor man in extreme distress, instead of helping him to a livelihood in due time). Arakh.30b (ref. to Deut. 19:5) ומצא פרט לממציא את עצמו ‘and it strikes, this excludes the case of one who brings himself within the range of the missile (after it is started); Macc.8a; a. e. -
77 מָצָא
מצי, מָצָא(b. h.; cmp. מְטֵי) to reach; to find. B. Mets.I, 1 אני מְצָאתִיהָ I found it. Ib. 2a הואי אמינא מאי מצאתיה ראיתיהוכ׳ I might have thought ‘I found it meant ‘I discovered it, although he had not taken it up Ib., a. e. וּמְצָאתָהּ דאתאי ליריהוכ׳ ‘and which thou hast found (Deut. 22:3) means that it came into his possession. Gitt.IX, 10 מ׳ בה דבר ערוה he discovered in her something disgraceful (infidelity); מ׳ אחרתוכ׳ he found another woman handsomer than she; a. fr.מה מָצִינוּ ב־ … אףוכ׳ what do we find with regard to? So also, i. e. as in the case of, so Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. VIII, Par. 7 מה מצינו בהקטרה … אף מליקהוכ׳ as when burning (the sacrifice on the altar) the head is separated from the trunk, so when pinching the neck of the bird the head must be severed ; a. fr.Part. pass. מָצוּי, f. מְצוּיָה; pl. מְצוּיִין; מְצוּיוֹת accessible, frequent; likely. Arakh.30b ומצא פרט למ׳ ‘and he find the means (Lev. 25:26), this excludes the case of the means being accessible, i. e. of one who had the means at the time being. B. Mets.27a (ref. to Deut. 22:3, v. supra) מי שאבודה הימנו ומ׳ אצלוכ׳ that which is lost to him but accessible to any body else; אבורה הומנו ואינה מ׳ אצלוכ׳ lost to him and inaccessible to every one else (e. g. swept away by a flood). Sabb.151b שאתה מוֹצֵא ומ׳ לךוכ׳ עשה עד do good while thou findest (an opportunity), and it is possible to thee (thou hast the means), and thou art yet in thy own power (possessest thy faculties). Snh.86a כי ימצא פרט למ׳ ‘if one be found stealing (Deut. 24:7), this excludes the case when the abducted and sold person was in his power (his own child). Ib. כמצויין בידו דמי the case is to be judged as if they (the children) had been in his possession. Gen. R. s. 85 השטר מ׳ להגבות the note can be produced for collection, i. e. evidence can be found against us. Gitt.2b אין עדים מ׳ לקיימו no witnesses are to be had to identify it. B. Mets.18a במקום שהשיירות מ׳ where caravans pass frequently. Esth. R. to I, 1, v. דִּידְכֵי. Ib. (ref. to Ps. 21:9) תהא ידך מ׳ ליפרע מאזיביך thou shalt have the opportunity of punishing thy enemies. B. Kam.4a הזיקה מ׳ the damage through it is frequent. Ib. 60a רוח מ׳ an ordinary wind, רוח שאינה מ׳ an extraordinary wind; a. v. fr. Nif. נִמְצָא to be found. Gen. R. s. 85 שנִמְצְאוּ בגניבה who are caught at a theft; a. fr.Esp. to turn out, to follow, to result. Ḥull.I, 4 נ׳ כשרוכ׳ the result is, what is legal in slaughtering is illegal in pinching. Pes.25b ונ׳ למד, v. לָמֵד II. Sifré Deut. 210 נִמְצִּינוּ למדים from which we can consequently derive.Y.Pes.V, beg.31c, a. fr. נִמְצֵאתָ אומר thou turnest out saying, i. e. the result is, consequently.אם תִּימָּצֵי (תִּמָּצֵא) לומר (abbr. את״ל) if you will say. Gitt.82b אם תמצא לומר איתאוכ׳ if you will adopt the opinion of Sabb.136a את״ל פליגיוכ׳ if you assume that they differ ; a. fr.Tosef.Ohol.IV, 12 כשתמצא לומרוכ׳ if you assume Hif. הִמְצִיא to furnish, provide with. Gen. R. l. c. נאבדו וה׳ הקב״הוכ׳ they (the tokens) had been lost, and the Lord provided others instead. Ḥag.5a (ref. to תמצאן, Deut. 31:21) עבד שרבו מַמְצִיאוכ׳ what remedy is there for a slave for whom his master invents evils and troubles? Ib. הממציא לו מעות לעניוכ׳ he who is ready to furnish the means (of bis delivery) to the poor man in distress (by which the persecutors greed is increased); (Rashi: he who has money ready for the poor man in extreme distress, instead of helping him to a livelihood in due time). Arakh.30b (ref. to Deut. 19:5) ומצא פרט לממציא את עצמו ‘and it strikes, this excludes the case of one who brings himself within the range of the missile (after it is started); Macc.8a; a. e. -
78 ערב III
עָרֵבIII m. (עָרַב I, 2) bondsman, surety. Cant. R. to I, 4 הבא לי ע׳וכ׳ bring me one to go security, and I shall lend thee. Ib. כשאין … הלא הע׳ if he has nothing to pay with, who is seized but the surety? Midr. Till. to Ps. 8 (ref. to Prov. 6:1) בשעה שהזקן … עד שלא נתמנית לא היית ע׳ עלוכ׳ when a man is appointed an elder, the Lord says to him, before thou wast appointed, thou wast not responsible for the community, now that thou hast been appointed B. Bath. X, 7 המלוה … על ירי ע׳ לא יפרע מן הע׳ he who loans money to his neighbor through a surety, cannot collect from the surety (before having sued the debtor). Ib. 8 איזהו ע׳ שהוא חייבוכ׳ what guarantor is responsible? He who says, ‘lend him, and I shall pay thee (i. e. who guaranteed before the loan was consummated); a. fr.Pl. עֲרֵבִים, עֲרֵבִין, עֲרֵי׳. Cant. R. l. c. בשעה שעמדו … הביאו לי ע׳ טוביםוכ׳ when the Israelites were standing before mount Sinai to receive the Law, the Lord said … bring me good sureties (to vouch for you) that you will guard it; ib. אבותיכם צריכין ע׳ your ancestors need sureties themselves; ib. הא ודאי ע׳וכ׳ these (your children) are certainly good sureties, and on their account I will give you the Law; Midr. Till. l. c. Ib. ע׳ אתם על אבותיכם שאםוכ׳ will you vouch for your fathers, so that you be seized, if they do not observe the Law? Ib. שהיו ע׳ זה לזה they made themselves responsible for one another. Snh.27b bot. (ref. to Lev. 26:37) מלמד שכל ישראל ע׳ זה בזה Ms. M. (ed. שכולן) this intimates that all Israelites are responsible for one another (bound to prevent wrongdoing); Shebu.39a bot.; a. fr. -
79 עָרֵב
עָרֵבIII m. (עָרַב I, 2) bondsman, surety. Cant. R. to I, 4 הבא לי ע׳וכ׳ bring me one to go security, and I shall lend thee. Ib. כשאין … הלא הע׳ if he has nothing to pay with, who is seized but the surety? Midr. Till. to Ps. 8 (ref. to Prov. 6:1) בשעה שהזקן … עד שלא נתמנית לא היית ע׳ עלוכ׳ when a man is appointed an elder, the Lord says to him, before thou wast appointed, thou wast not responsible for the community, now that thou hast been appointed B. Bath. X, 7 המלוה … על ירי ע׳ לא יפרע מן הע׳ he who loans money to his neighbor through a surety, cannot collect from the surety (before having sued the debtor). Ib. 8 איזהו ע׳ שהוא חייבוכ׳ what guarantor is responsible? He who says, ‘lend him, and I shall pay thee (i. e. who guaranteed before the loan was consummated); a. fr.Pl. עֲרֵבִים, עֲרֵבִין, עֲרֵי׳. Cant. R. l. c. בשעה שעמדו … הביאו לי ע׳ טוביםוכ׳ when the Israelites were standing before mount Sinai to receive the Law, the Lord said … bring me good sureties (to vouch for you) that you will guard it; ib. אבותיכם צריכין ע׳ your ancestors need sureties themselves; ib. הא ודאי ע׳וכ׳ these (your children) are certainly good sureties, and on their account I will give you the Law; Midr. Till. l. c. Ib. ע׳ אתם על אבותיכם שאםוכ׳ will you vouch for your fathers, so that you be seized, if they do not observe the Law? Ib. שהיו ע׳ זה לזה they made themselves responsible for one another. Snh.27b bot. (ref. to Lev. 26:37) מלמד שכל ישראל ע׳ זה בזה Ms. M. (ed. שכולן) this intimates that all Israelites are responsible for one another (bound to prevent wrongdoing); Shebu.39a bot.; a. fr. -
80 GÖRA
ð, also spelt görva, giörva, geyra, giora, gera: prop. gøra, not gra (the ø was sounded nearly as y or ey), so that the g is to be sounded as an aspirate, however the word is spelt; and the insertion of i or j (giöra, gjöra), which is usual in mod. writing, and often occurs in old, is phonetic, not radical, and göra and gjöra represent the same sound. The word in the oldest form had a characteristic v, and is spelt so on the Runic stones in the frequent Runic phrase, gaurva kubl, Baut., and Danske Runemind. passim; but also now and then in old Icel. MSS., e. g. the Kb. of Sæm. (cited from Bugge’s Edit.), gorva, Am. 75, Skv. 1. 34, 3. 20, Hm. 123, Og. 29; gerva, Am. 64, Bkv. 3; giorva, Rm. 9; giorfa, 28; gorvir, Hkv. Hjörv. 41; gørvom, Hým. 6; gorviz, Am. 35; gerviz, Merl. 2. 89:—this characteristic v has since been dropped, and it is usually spelt without it in MSS., gora, Hým. 1, Og. 23, Ls. 65; gera, Am. 85; gorir, Hm. 114: the pret. always drops the v, gorþi, Hym. 21; gorðo or gorþo, fecerunt, Hm. 142, Am. 9; gorðumz, Hðm. 28; gerþi, Am. 74; gerþit, 26:—with i inserted, Rm. 9, 22; giordu, 11; in the Mork. freq. giavra. The ö is still sounded in the east of Icel., whereas gera is the common form in speech, gjöra in writing:—the old pres. indic. used by the poets and in the laws is monosyllabic görr, with suffixed negative, görr-a, Hkr. i. (in a verse); mod. bisyllabic görir, which form is also the usual one in the Sagas:—the old part. pass. was görr or gerr, geyrr, Fms. ix. 498, x. 75, where the v was kept before a vowel, and is often spelt with f, gorvan, gorvir, and gorfan, gorfir: dat. so-goro or so-guru adverbially = sic facto: the mod. part. gjörðr, gerðr, görðr, as a regular part. of the 2nd weak conjugation, which form occurs in MSS. of the 15th century, e. g. Bs. i. 877, l. 21. [This is a Scandin. word; Dan. gjöre; Swed. göra; Old Engl. and Scot. gar, which is no doubt of Scandin. origin, the Saxon word being do, the Germ. thun, neither of which is used in the Scandin.; the word however is not unknown to the Teut., though used in a different sense; A. S. gervan and gearvjan = parare; O. H. G. karwan; Germ. gerben, garben, but esp. the adj. and adv. gar, vide above s. v. gör-.] To make, to do; the Icel. includes both these senses.A. To make:I. to build, work, make, etc.; göra himin ok jörð, 623. 36, Hom. 100; göra hús, to build a house, Fms. xi. 4, Rb. 384; göra kirkju, Bjarn. 39; göra skip, N. G. L. i. 198; göra langskip, Eg. 44; göra stólpa, Al. 116; göra tól (= smíða), Vsp. 7; göra (fingr)-gull, Bs. i. 877; göra haug, to build a cairn, Eg. 399; göra lokhvílu, Dropl. 27; göra dys, Ld. 152; göra kistu ( coffin), Eg. 127; göra naust, N. G. L. i. 198; göra jarðhús, Dropl. 34; göra veggi, Eg. 724: also, göra bók, to write a book, Íb. 1, Rb. 384; göra kviðling, to make a song, Nj. 50; göra bréf, to draw up a deed ( letter), Fms. ix. 22; göra nýmæli, to frame a law, Íb. 17.2. adding prep.; göra upp, to repair, rebuild, restore, Fb. ii. 370; göra upp Jórsala-borg, Ver. 43; göra upp skála, Ld. 298; göra upp leiði, to build up a grave.II. to make, prepare, get ready; göra veizlu, drykkju, brúðkaup, erfi, and poët. öl, öldr, to make a feast, brew bridal ale, Fs. 23, Fms. xi. 156, Dropl. 6, Am. 86; göra seið, blót, to perform a sacrifice, Ld. 152; göra bú, to set up a house, Grág. i. 185, Ld. 68; göra eld, to make a fire, Fs. 100, K. Þ. K. 88; göra rekkju, to make one’s bed, Eg. 236; göra upp hvílur, Sturl. ii. 124; göra graut, to make porridge, Eg. 196, N. G. L. i. 349; göra drykk, to make a drink, Fms. i. 8; göra kol, or göra til kola, to make charcoal, Ölk. 35.III. in somewhat metaph. phrases; göra ferð, to make a journey, Fms. x. 281; görði heiman för sína, he made a journey from home, Eg. 23; göra sinn veg, to make one’s way, travel, Mar.; göra uppreisn, to make an uprising, to rebel, Rb. 384, Fms. ix. 416; göra úfrið, to make war, 656 C. 15; göra sátt, göra frið, to make peace, Hom. 153, Bs. i. 24; göra féskipti, Nj. 118; göra tilskipan, to make an arrangement, Eg. 67; göra ráð sitt, to make up one’s mind, Nj. 267, Fms. ix. 21; göra hluti, to cast lots, Fms. x. 348.2. to make, give, pay, yield; göra tíund, to pay tithes, Hom. 180; hann skal göra Guði tíunda hlut verðsins, id.; göra ölmusu, to give alms, 64; göra ávöxt, to yield fruit, Greg. 48; gefa né göra ávöxt, Stj. 43; göra konungi skatt eða skyld, Fms. xi. 225.3. to contract; göra vináttu, félagskap, to contract friendship, Nj. 103, Eg. 29; göra skuld, to contract a debt, Grág. i. 126: göra ráð með e-m, to take counsel with, advise one, Eg. 12; göra ráð fyrir, to suppose, Nj. 103, Fms. ix. 10; göra mun e-s, to make a difference, i. 255, Eb. 106.4. to make, make up, Lat. efficere; sex tigir penninga göra eyri, sixty pence make an ounce, Grág. i. 500, Rb. 458.5. to grant, render; göra kost, to make a choice, to grant, Nj. 130, Dropl. 6, Fms. xi. 72, (usually ellipt., kostr being understood); vil ek at þér gerit kostinn, Nj. 3; ok megit þér fyrir því göra ( grant) honum kostinn, 49, 51; göra e-m lög, to grant the law to one, 237; göra guðsifjar, to make ‘gossip’ with one, to be one’s godfather, Fms. ii. 130.6. special usages; göra spott, háð, gabb, … at e-u, to make sport, gibes, etc. at or over a thing, Fms. x. 124; göra iðran, to do penance, Greg. 22; göra þakkir, to give thanks, Hom. 55; göra róm at máli e-s, to cheer another’s speech, shout hear, hear! var görr at máli hans mikill rómr ok góðr, his speech was much cheered, Nj. 250,—a parliamentary term; the Teutons cheered, the Romans applauded (with the hands), cp. Tacit. Germ.7. with prepp.; gera til, to make ready or dress meat; láta af ( to kill) ok göra til ( and dress), K. Þ. K. 80, Ísl. ii. 83, 331, Fs. 146, 149, Bjarn. 31, Finnb. 228; göra til nyt, to churn milk, K. Þ. K. 78; göra til sverð, to wash and clean the sword, Dropl. 19; máttu þeir eigi sjá, hversu Þorvaldr var til gerr, how Th. got a dressing, Nj. 19.β. göra at e-u, to mend, make good, put right (at-görð), ek skal at því gera, Fms. xi. 153, Eg. 566, Nj. 130: to heal, Bárð. 171, Eg. 579, Grág. i. 220; göra at hesti, K. Þ. K. 54, Nj. 74: göra við e-u, vide B. II.8. adding acc. of an adj., part., or the like; göra mun þat margan höfuðlausan, Nj. 203; göra mikit um sik, to make a great noise, great havoc, Fb. i. 545, Grett. 133, Fms. x. 329; göra e-n sáttan, to reconcile one, Grág. i. 336; göra sér e-n kæran, to make one dear to oneself, Hkr. i. 209; göra sik líkan e-m, to make oneself like to another, imitate one, Nj. 258; göra sik góðan, to make oneself good or useful, 74, 78; göra sik reiðan, to take offence, 216; göra sér dælt, to make oneself at home, take liberties, Ld. 134, Nj. 216; göra langmælt, to make a long speech, Sks. 316; göra skjót-kjörit, to make a quick choice, Fms. ii. 79; göra hólpinn, to ‘make holpen,’ to help, x. 314; göra lögtekit, to make a law, issue a law, xi. 213, Bs. i. 37; hann gerði hann hálshöggvinn, he had him beheaded, Fms. ix. 488, v. l.; ok görðu þá handtekna alla at minsta kosti, Sturl. i. 40; várir vöskustu ok beztu menn era görfir handteknir, 41.β. göra sér mikit um e-t, to make much of, admire, Eg. 5, Fms. x. 254, 364; göra e-t at ágætum, to make famous, extol a thing, vii. 147; göra at orðum, to notice as remarkable, Fas. i. 123; göra at álitum, to take into consideration, Nj. 3; göra sér úgetið at e-u, to be displeased with, Ld. 134; göra vart við sik, to make one’s presence noticed, Eg. 79; göra sér mikit, lítið fyrir, to make great, small efforts, Finnb. 234; göra sér í hug, to brood over; hann gerði sér í hug at drepa jarl, Fs. 112; göra sér í hugar lund, to fancy, think: göra af sér, to exert oneself, ef þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, Edda 32; hvárt hann var með Eiríki jarli, eðr görði hann annat af sér, or what else he was making of himself, Fms. xi. 157.9. phrases, gera fáleika á sik, to feign, make oneself look sad, Nj. 14; esp. adding upp, gera sér upp veyki, to feign sickness, (upp-gerð, dissimulation); göra sér til, to make a fuss, (hence, til-gerð, foppishness.)B. To do:I. to do, act; allt þat er hann gerir síðan ( whatever he does), þat á eigandi at ábyrgjask, Gþl. 190; þér munut fátt mæla eðr gera, áðr yðr munu vandræði af standa, i. e. whatsoever you say or do will bring you into trouble, Nj. 91; göra e-t með harðfengi ok kappi, 98; ger svá vel, ‘do so well,’ be so kind! 111; gerit nú svá, góði herra (please, dear lord!), þiggit mitt heilræði, Fms. vii. 157: and in mod. usage, gerið þér svo vel, gerðu svo vel, = Engl. please, do! sagði, at hann hafði með trúleik gört, done faithfully, Eg. 65; göra gott, to do good; göra íllt, to do evil, (góð-görð, íll-görð); ok þat var vel gört, well done, 64; geyrða ek hotvetna íllt, I did evil in all things, Niðrst. 109; hefir hann marga hluti gört stór-vel til mín, he has done many things well towards me, I have received many great benefits at his hands, Eg. 60: with dat., svá mikit gott sem jarl hefir mér gert, Nj. 133; þér vilda ek sízt íllt göra, I would least do harm to thee, 84: göra fúlmennsku, to do a mean act, 185; göra vel við e-n, to do well to one, Fs. 22; göra stygð við e-n, to offend one, Fms. x. 98; göra sæmiliga til e-s, to do well to one, Ld. 62, Nj. 71; göra sóma e-s, to do honour to one, Fms. vii. 155; göra e-m gagn, to give help to one, Nj. 262; göra e-m sæmd, skomm, to do ( shew) honour, dishonour, to one, 5, Fms. x. 43; göra háðung, xi. 152; göra styrk, to strengthen one, ix. 343; göra e-m skapraun, to tease one; göra ósóma, Vápn. 19; göra skaða ( scathe), Eg. 426; göra óvina-fagnað, to give joy to one’s enemies, i. e. to do just what they want one to do, Nj. 112; göra til skaps e-m, to conform to one’s wishes, 80; gerum vér sem faðir vár vill, let us do as our father wishes, 198; vel má ek gera þat til skaps föður míns at brenna inni með honum, id.; göra at skapi e-s, id., 3; var þat mjök gert móti mínu skapi, Fms. viii. 300; gera til saka við e-n, to offend, sin against one, Nj. 80; gera á hluta e-s, to wrong one, Vígl. 25; göra ílla fyrir sér, to behave badly, Fms. vii. 103.II. adding prep.; göra til e-s, to deserve a thing (cp. til-görð, desert, behaviour); hvat hafðir þú til gört, what hast thou done to deserve it? Nj. 130; framarr en ek hefi til gört, more than I have deserved, Fms. viii. 300; ok hafit þér Danir heldr til annars gört, ye Danes have rather deserved the reverse, xi. 192, Hom. 159:—göra eptir, to do after, imitate, Nj. 90:—göra við e-u (cp. við-görð, amendment), to provide for, amend, ok mun úhægt vera at göra við forlögum þeirra, Ld. 190; er úhægt at göra við ( to resist) atkvæðum, Fs. 22; ok mun ekki mega við því gera, Nj. 198:—göra af við e-n (cp. af-görð, evil doing), to transgress against one, ek hefi engan hlut af gört við þik, Fms. vii. 104, viii. 241; ok iðrask nú þess er hann hefir af gert, 300; göra af við Guð, to sin against God, Hom. 44.2. special usages; göra … at, to do so and so; spurði, hvat hann vildi þá láta at gera, he asked what he would have done, Nj. 100; hann gerði þat eina at, er hann átti, he did only what be ought, 220; þeir Flosi sátu um at rengja, ok gátu ekki at gert, F. tried, and could do nothing, 115, 242; þér munut ekki fá at gert, fyrr en …, 139; Flosi ok hans menn fengu ekki at gert, 199; mikit hefir þú nú at gert, much hast thou now done ( it is a serious matter), 85; er nú ok mikit at gert um manndráp siðan, 256; hann vildi taka vöru at láni, ok göra mikit at, and do great things, Ld. 70; Svartr hafði höggit skóg ok gert mikit at, Nj. 53; slíkt gerir at er sölin etr, so it happens with those who eat seaweed, i. e. that (viz. thirst) comes of eating seaweed, Eg. 605.β. göra af e-u, to do so and so with a thing; hvat hafið ér gert af Gunnari, Njarð. 376; ráð þú draumana, vera má at vér gerim af nokkut, may be that we may make something out of it, Ld. 126; gör af drauminum slíkt er þér þykkir líkligast, do with the dream ( read it) as seems to thee likeliest, Ísl. ii. 196: göra við e-n, to do with one; þá var um rætt, hvað við þá skyldi göra, what was to be done with them? Eg. 232; ærnar eru sakir til við Egil, hvat sem eg læt göra við hann, 426; eigi veit ek hvat þeir hafa síðan við gört, 574: göra fyrir e-t, to provide; Jón var vel fjáreigandi, ok at öllu vel fyrir gört, a wealthy and well-to-do man, Sturl. iii. 195; þótt Björn sé vel vígr maðr, þá er þar fyrir gört, því at …, but that is made up, because …: fyrir göra (q. v.), to forfeit.C. METAPH. AND SPECIAL USAGES:I. to do, help, avail; nú skulum vér ganga allir á vald jarlsins, því at oss gerir eigi annat, nothing else will do for us, Nj. 267; þat mun ekki gera, that wont do, 84; en ek kann ekki ráð til at leggja ef þetta gerir ekki, Fms. ii. 326; konungr vill þat eigi, þvi at mér gerir þat eigi ( it will not do for me) at þér gangit hér upp, x. 357; þat gerir mér ekki, at þér gangit á Orminn, … en hitt má vera at mér komi at gagni, ii. 227; þóttisk þá vita, at honum mundi ekki gera ( it would do nothing) at biðja fyrir honum, Fb. i. 565; engum gerði við hann at keppa, 571; ekki gerði þeim um at brjótask, Bárð. 10 new Ed.; sagða ek yðr eigi, at ekki mundi gera at leita hans, Sks. 625; hvat gerir mér nú at spyrja, Stj. 518; ekki gerir at dylja, no use hiding it, Fbr. 101 new Ed.; ætla þat at fáir þori, enda geri engum, Band. 7; bæði var leitað til annarra ok heima, ok gerði ekki, but did no good, 4; hét hann þeim afarkostum, ok gerði þat ekki, but it did no good, Fms. ii. 143.II. to send, despatch, cp. the Engl. to ‘do’ a message; hann gerði þegar menn frá sér, Eg. 270; hann hafði gört menn sex á skóginn fyrir þá, 568; þá gerði Karl lið móti þeim, Fms. i. 108; jarl gerði Eirík at leita Ribbunga, ix. 314; hann gerði fram fyrir sik Álf á njósn, 488; hann gerði menn fyrir sér at segja konunginum kvámu sína, x. 10; hleypi-skúta var gör norðr til Þrándheims, vii. 206; jafnan gerði jarl til Ribbunga ok drap menn af þeim, ix. 312; vilja Ósvífrs-synir þegar gera til þeirra Kotkels, despatch them to slay K., Ld. 144; skulu vér nú göra í mót honum, ok láta hann engri njósn koma, 242:—göra eptir e-m, to send after one, Nero bað göra eptir postulunum ok leiða þangat, 656 C. 26; nú verðr eigi eptir gört at miðjum vetri, Grág. i. 421; frændr Bjarnar létu göra eptir (Germ. abholen) líki hans, Bjarn. 69; síðan gerðu þeir til klaustrs þess er jómfrúin var í, Fms. x. 102:—gera e-m orð, njósn, to do a message to one; hann gerði orð jörlum sínum, Eg. 270; ætluðu þeir at göra Önundi njósn um ferðir Egils, 386, 582; vóru þangat orð gör, word was sent thither, Hkr. ii. 228.III. with infin. as an auxiliary verb, only in poetry and old prose (laws); ef hón gerði koma, if she did come, Völ. 5; gerðit vatn vægja, Am. 25; gramr gørr-at sér hlífa, he does not spare himself, Hkr. i. (in a verse); gerðut vægjask, id., Fs. (in a verse); hann gerðisk at höggva, Jb. 41; görðir at segja, Bkv. 15; görðisk at deyja, Gkv. 1. 1: in prose, eigi gerir hugr minn hlægja við honum, Fas. i. 122; góðir menn göra skýra sitt mál með sannsögli, 677. 12; Aristodemus görði eigi enn at trúa, Post.: esp. in the laws, ef þeir göra eigi ganga í rúm sín, Grág. i. 8; ef goðinn gerr eigi segja, 32; ef hann gerr eigi í ganga, 33; ef þeir göra eigi hluta meðr sér, 63; ef dómendr göra eigi dæma, 67; ef dómendr göra eigi við at taka, id.; ef goðinn gerr eigi ( does not) nefna féráns-dóm, 94; nú göra þeir menn eigi úmaga færa, 86; ef þeir göra eigi nefna kvöðina af búanum, Kb. ii. 163; ef þeir göra eigi segja, hvárt …, Sb. ii. 52; nú gerr sá eigi til fara, Kb. ii. 96; göra eigi koma, 150; ef hann gerr eigi kjósa, § 113.IV. a law term, göra um, or gera only, to judge or arbitrate in a case; fékksk þat af, at tólf menn skyldu göra um málit, Nj. 111; villt þú göra um málit, 21; bjóða mun ek at göra um, ok lúka upp þegar görðinni, 77; mun sá mála-hluti várr beztr, at góðir menn geri um, 88; málin vóru lagið í gerð, skyldu gera um tólf menn, var þá gert um málin á þingi, var þat gert, at … (follows the verdict), 88; vil ek at þú sættisk skjótt ok látir góða menn gera um …, at hann geri um ok enir beztu menn af hvárra liði lögliga til nefndir, 188; Njáll kvaðsk eigi gera mundu nema á þingi, 105; þeir kváðusk þat halda mundu, er hann gerði, id.; skaltú gera sjálfr, 58; fyrr en gert var áðr um hitt málit, 120; ek vil bjóðask til at göra milli ykkar Þórðar um mál yðar, Bjarn. 55; Þorsteinn kvað þat þó mundi mál manna, at þeir hefði góða nefnd um sættir þótt hann görði, 56; nú er þegar slegit í sætt málinu með því móti, at Áskell skal göra um þeirra í milli, Rd. 248; er nú leitað um sættir milli þeirra, ok kom svá at þeir skulu göra um málin Þorgeirr goði frá Ljósa-vatni ok Arnórr ór Reykjahlíð, sú var görð þeirra at …, 288; svá kemr at Ljótr vill at Skapti görði af hans hendi, en Guðmundr vill sjálfr göra fyrir sína hönd, skyldi Skapti gerð upp segja, Valla L. 225; eigi hæfir þat, leitum heldr um sættir ok geri Þorgeirr um mál þessi, Lv. 12; var jafnt gört sár Þórðar ok sár Þórodds, Eb. 246; þær urðu mála-lyktir at Þórðr skyldi göra um …, 24; ok vóru þá görvar miklar fésektir, 128; var leitað um sættir, ok varð þat at sætt, at þeir Snorri ok Steindórr skyldi göra um, 212; þit erut gerfir héraðs-sekir sem íllræðis-menn, Fs. 58: göra görð, Sturl. i. 63, 105: adding the fine, to fix the amount, þat er gerð mín, at ek geri verð húss ok matar, I fix the amount of the value of the house and (stolen) stores, Nj. 80; gerði Njáll hundrað silfrs, N. put it at a hundred silver pieces, 58; margir mæltu, at mikit vaeri gert, that the amount was high, id.; slíkt fégjald sem gert var, 120; vilit ér nokkut héraðs-sektir göra eða utanferðir, 189; hann dæmdi þegar, ok görði hundrað silfrs, 6l; síðan bauð Bjarni Þorkatli sætt ok sjálfdæmi, görði Bjarni hundrað silfrs, Vápn. 31; ek göri á hönd Þóri hundrað silfrs, Lv. 55; ek göri á hönd þér hundrað silfrs, id.; vilit þér, at ek göra millum ykkar? síðan görði konungr konuna til handa Þórði ok öll fé hennar, Bjarn. 17; Rafn kvað hann mikit fé annat af sér hafa gört, at eigi þætti honum þat betra, Fs. 30; Gellir görði átta hundrað silfrs, Lv. 97; fyrir þat gerði Börkr hinn digri af honum eyjarnar, B. took the isles from him as a fine, Landn. 123: adding the case as object, Gunnarr gerði gerðina, G. gave judgment in the case, Nj. 80; fyrr en gert var áðr um hitt málit, till the other case was decided, 120; þá sætt er hann görði Haraldi jarli, that settlement which he made for earl Harold, Fms. viii. 300: Flosi var görr utan ok allir brennu-menn, F. was put out ( banished) and all the burners, Nj. 251: metaph., nema þau vili annat mál á gera, unless they choose to settle it otherwise, Grág. i. 336.2. in the phrase, göra sekð, to make a case of outlawry, Grág. i. 118; eigi um görir sekð manns ella, else the outlawry takes no effect; en hann um görir eigi ella sekðina, else he cannot condemn him, 119.3. to perform; eptir-gerðar þeirrar sem hverr nennti framast at gera eptir sinn náung, Fms. viii. 103; en þat grunaði konung, at hann mundi ætla at göra eptir sumar sættir, i. e. that he had some back door to escape by, Orkn. 58 (cp. Ó. H.); allt þat er þér gerit nú fyrir þeirra sálum, id.V. special usages, to make allowance for; gera fóðr til fjár, to make an arbitrary allowance for, Ísl. ii. 138; hence, to suppose, en ef ek skal göra til fyrir fram ( suggest) hvat er hón (the code) segir mér, þá segi ek svá, at …, Fms. ix. 331; gera sér í hug, Fs. 112; göra sér í hugar-lund, to fancy; göra e-m getsakir, to impute to one; gera orð á e-u, to report a thing; þat er ekki orð á því geranda, ‘tis not worth talking about; eigi þarf orð at göra hjá því (‘tis not to be denied), sjálfan stólkonunginn blindaði hann, Mork. 14 (cp. Fms. vi. 168, l. c.); gera sér létt, to take a thing lightly, Am. 70; göra sér far um, to take pains; göra sér í hug, hugar-lund, to suppose.D. IMPERS. it makes one so and so, one becomes; hann görði fölvan í andliti, he turned pale, Glúm. 342; leysti ísinn ok görði varmt vatnið, the water became warm, 623. 34; veðr görði hvast, a gale arose, Eg. 128; hríð mikla gerði at þeim, they were overtaken by a storm, 267; þá gerði ok á hríð (acc.) veðrs, 281; féll veðrit ok gerði logn (acc.), and became calm, 372; görði þá stórt á firðinum, the sea rose high, 600; til þess er veðr lægði ok ljóst gerði, and till it cleared up, 129; um nóttina gerði á æði-veðr ok útsynning, 195; görir á fyrir þeim hafvillur, they lost their course (of sailors), Finnb. 242; mér gerir svefnhöfugt, I grow sleepy, Nj. 264; þá görði vetr mikinn þar eptir hinn næsta, Rd. 248.E. REFLEX, to become, grow, arise, and the like; þá görðisk hlátr, then arose laughter, Nj. 15; görðisk bardagi, it came to a fight, 62, 108; sá atburðr görðisk, it came to pass, Fms. x. 279; þau tíðendi er þar höfðu görzt, Ld. 152; gerðisk með þeim félagskapr, they entered into fellowship, Eg. 29; gerðisk svá fallit kaup, Dipl. ii. 10; Sigurðr konungr gerðisk ( grew up to be) ofstopa-maðr …, görðisk mikill maðr ok sterkr, Fms. vii. 238; hann görðisk brátt ríkr maðr ok stjórnsamr, xi. 223; Unnr görðisk þá mjök elli-móð, U. became worn with age, Ld. 12; sár þat er at ben görðisk, a law term, a wound which amounted to a bleeding wound, Nj. passim:—to be made, to become, görask konungr, to become king, Eg. 12; ok görðisk skáld hans, and became his skáld, 13; görðisk konungs hirðmaðr, 27; görask hans eigin-kona, to become his wedded wife, Fms. i. 3; at hann skyldi görask hálf-konungr yfir Dana-veldi, 83; vill Hrútr görask mágr þinn, Nj. 3; hann gerðisk síðan óvarari, he became less cautious, Fms. x. 414.2. with the prep. svá, to happen, come to pass so and so; svá görðisk, at …, it so happened, that …, Nj. 167; görðisk svá til, at …, Fms. x. 391; þá görðisk svá til um síðir, at…, at last it came to pass. that …, 392; enda vissi hann eigi, at þingför mundi af görask, in case he knew not that it would entail a journey to parliament, Grág. i. 46: with at added, to increase, þá görðisk þat mjök at um jarl ( it grew even worse with the earl) at hann var úsiðugr um kvenna-far, görðisk þat svá mikit, at …, it grew to such a pitch, that …, Hkr. i. 245; hence the mod. phrase, e-ð á-görist, it increases, gains, advances, esp. of illness, bad habits, and the like, never in a good sense.3. impers. with dat., honum gerðisk ekki mjök vært, he felt restless, Ld. 152; næsta gerisk mér kynlegt, I feel uneasy, Finnb. 236.4. to behave, bear oneself; Páll görðisk hraustliga í nafni Jesu, Post. 656 C. 13.5. to set about doing, be about; fám vetrum síðan görðisk hann vestr til Íslands, Fms. x. 415; maðr kom at honum ok spurði, hvat hann gerðisk, what he was about, Ó. H. 244; görðisk jarl til Ribbunga, Fms. ix. 312, v. l.; tveir menn görðusk ferðar sinnar, two men set out for a journey, x. 279; görðusk menn ok eigi til þess at sitja yfir hlut hans, Eg. 512; at þessir menn hafa görzk til svá mikils stórræðis, Fms. xi. 261; eigi treystusk menn at görask til við hann, Bárð. 160.6. (mod.) to be; in such phrases as, eins og menn nú gerast, such as people now are; eins og flestir menn gerast.F. PART. PASS. görr, geyrr (Fms. ix. 498, x. 75), gjörr, gerr, as adj., compar. görvari, superl. görvastr; [A. S. gearu; gare, Chaucer, Percy’s Ballads; O. H. G. garwe; Germ. gar]:—skilled, accomplished; vaskligr, at sér görr, Ld. 134; vel at sér görr, Ísl. ii. 326, Gísl. 14; gerr at sér um allt, Nj. 51; hraustir ok vel at sér görvir, Eg. 86; at engi maðr hafi gervari at sér verit en Sigurðr, Mork. 221; allra manna snjallastr í máli ok görvastr at sér, Hkr. iii. 360: the phrase, leggja görva hönd á e-t, to set a skilled hand to work, to be an adept, a master in a thing; svá hagr, at hann lagði allt á görva hönd, Fas. i. 391, (á allt görva hönd, iii. 195.)2. ready made, at hand; in the saying, gott er til geyrs (i. e. görs, not geirs) at taka, ‘tis good to have a thing at hand, Hkm. 17; ganga til görs, to have it ready made for one, Ld. 96; gör gjöld, prompt punishment, Lex. Poët.:—with infin., gerr at bjóða, ready to offer, Gh. 17; gervir at eiskra, in wild spirits, Hom. 11; görvar at ríða, Vsp. 24: with gen. of the thing, gerr ílls hugar, prone to evil, Hým. 9; gerr galdrs, prone to sorcery, Þd. 3; skulut þess görvir, be ready for that! Am. 55.II. [cp. görvi, Engl. gear], done, dressed; svá görvir, so ‘geared,’ so trussed, Am. 40.III. adverb. phrases, so-gurt, at soguru, so done; verða menn þat þó so-gurt at hafa, i. e. there is no redress to be had, Hrafn. 9; hafi hann so-gurt, N. G. L. i. 35, Nj. 141; kvað eigi so-gort duga, 123, v. l.; at (með) so-guru, this done, quo facto, Skv. 1. 24, 40; freq. with a notion of being left undone, re infecta. Germ. unverrichteter sache, Eg. 155, Glúm. 332, Ó. H. 202; enda siti um so-gort, and now let it stand, Skálda 166; við so-gurt, id., 655 vii. 4; á so-gurt ofan, into the bargain, Bs. i. 178, Ölk. 36, Fas. i. 85.
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См. также в других словарях:
Thou — Thou, v. i. To use the words thou and thee in discourse after the manner of the Friends. [R.] [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Thee — thou hou ([th]ou), pron. [Sing.: nom. {Thou}; poss. {Thy} ([th][imac]) or {Thine} ([th][imac]n); obj. {Thee} ([th][=e]). Pl.: nom. {You} (y[=oo]); poss. {Your} (y[=oo]r) or {Yours} (y[=oo]rz); obj. {You}.] [OE. thou, [thorn]u, AS. [eth][=u],… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Thou — hou ([th]ou), pron. [Sing.: nom. {Thou}; poss. {Thy} ([th][imac]) or {Thine} ([th][imac]n); obj. {Thee} ([th][=e]). Pl.: nom. {You} (y[=oo]); poss. {Your} (y[=oo]r) or {Yours} (y[=oo]rz); obj. {You}.] [OE. thou, [thorn]u, AS. [eth][=u], [eth]u;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thou — hou ([th]ou), pron. [Sing.: nom. {Thou}; poss. {Thy} ([th][imac]) or {Thine} ([th][imac]n); obj. {Thee} ([th][=e]). Pl.: nom. {You} (y[=oo]); poss. {Your} (y[=oo]r) or {Yours} (y[=oo]rz); obj. {You}.] [OE. thou, [thorn]u, AS. [eth][=u], [eth]u;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thee — O.E. þe (accusative and dative singular of þu thou ), from P.Gmc. *theke (Cf. O.Fris. thi, M.Du. di, O.H.G. dih, Ger. dich, O.N. þik, Norw. deg, Goth. þuk), from PIE *tege . A brief history of the second person pronoun in English can be found ↑ … Etymology dictionary
thou — 2nd nominative singular personal pronoun, O.E. þu, from P.Gmc. *thu (Cf. O.Fris. thu, M.Du., M.L.G. du, O.H.G., Ger. du, O.N. þu, Goth. þu), from PIE *tu , second person singular pronoun (Cf. L. tu, Ir. tu, Welsh ti, Gk. su, Lith … Etymology dictionary
thou — thou1 [thou] pron. pl. you or ye [ME < OE thu, akin to Ger du < IE * tu > L & Sans tu] Archaic personal pronoun in the second person singular: once used in familiar address, but now replaced by you except in poetic or religious use and… … English World dictionary
Thou (pronom personnel) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Thou. Le mot anglais thou (prononcer [ðaʊ]) est un pronom personnel de la deuxième personne du singulier de l anglais moderne naissant. C est l équivalent du « tu » français. Il est aujourd hui… … Wikipédia en Français
thou. — thou1 «thow», pronoun, singular, nom. thou; poss. thy or thine; obj. thee; plural nom. you or ye; poss. your or yours; … Useful english dictionary
Thou — The word thou (pron en|ðaʊ in most dialects) is a second person singular pronoun in English. It is now largely archaic, having been replaced in almost all contexts by you . Thou is the nominative form; the oblique/objective form is thee… … Wikipedia
thee — /dhee/, pron. 1. the objective case of thou: With this ring, I thee wed. I shall bring thee a mighty army. 2. thou (now used chiefly by the Friends). [bef. 900; ME; OE the (orig. dat.; later dat. and acc.); c. LG di, G dir, ON ther. See THOU] * * … Universalium
