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1 THOU
(singular 2nd person pronoun, distinct from plural “you” – the Quenya forms here discussed are not archaic like English “thou”, but simply express singular “you”). Quenya makes a distinction between a formal or polite “thou” and an intimate or familiar “thou”, the latter being reserved for use between close friends, family members, and lovers (VT49:51, 52). The formal pronoun normally appears as the ending -lyë or (if shortened) -l that is added to verbs, e.g. hiruvalyë “thou shalt find ” (Nam), caril or carilyë *“thou dost” or *“you (sg.) do” (VT49:16). The short form in -l may be the more usual, though the long form -lye- must be used if a second pronominal ending denoting the object of the verb is to be added (e.g. *cenuvalyes “thou shalt see it”, with the ending -s “it” appended). The ending -lyë may also be added to prepositions (aselyë “with thee”, VT43:29). The independent pronoun is lye, with a long vowel (lyé, VT49:51) when stressed. This pronoun can also appear in object position (English “thee”), e.g. nai Eru lye mánata, by Tolkien translated “God bless you” (VT49:39). Case endings may be added, e.g. allative lyenna *“upon thee” (VT49:40, 41). There is also elyë “thou, even thou” (Nam, RGEO:67) as an emphatic pronoun (Nam); apparently this can also receive case endings. Such independent pronouns may also be used in copula-less constructions, e.g. aistana elyë "blessed [art] thou" (VT43:30). – The intimate or familiar pronoun is similar in form, only with t instead of l. The pronominal ending is thus -tyë, as in carityë “thou dost, you (sg.) do” (VT49:16). It is uncertain whether -tyë has a short form -t (the existence of a short form is explicitly denied in VT49:51, but -t is listed in VT49:48). At one conceptual stage Tolkien mentioned such an ending that could be added to imperatives (hecat “get thee gone”, WJ:364), but he may have dropped it because it clashed with -t as a dual ending on verbs. The independent pronoun is tye, with a long vowel when stressed (tyé, VT49:51); presumably there also exists an emphatic pronoun *etyë (still unattested). Like lye, the pronoun tye may also appear in object position (ar inyë, yonya, tye-méla “and I too, my son, love thee”, LR:61); we must also assume that tye (and emphatic *etyë) can receive case endings. – Genitive forms, see THY. -
2 THEE
(object form of THOU, or singular YOU) lye, tye; see THOU for full discussion and references. Ólë in VT43:29 probably meant *"with thee" at the time of writing, but Tolkien apparently decided to go for –lye rather than just –le as the relevant ending; compare aselyë “with thee” in a later source. –VT43:29, VT47:31 -
3 ME
Certain Tolkien manuscripts supposedly provide nye as one word for “me” (compare tye “thee”). It may be, however, that in Tolkien’s later conception ni, ní “I” can also be used as object “me” (in late material it listed together with other pronouns that are attested both as subject and object, such as lye, sé and me, VT49:51). The ending -n, attested only as subject, may perhaps be employed following another pronominal ending: *Utúvielyen, "thou (-lye-) hast found me (-n)”. Case endings may be added to ni, e.g. dative nin "for me" (Nam). See I.
См. также в других словарях:
Thou — Thou, v. i. To use the words thou and thee in discourse after the manner of the Friends. [R.] [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Thee — thou hou ([th]ou), pron. [Sing.: nom. {Thou}; poss. {Thy} ([th][imac]) or {Thine} ([th][imac]n); obj. {Thee} ([th][=e]). Pl.: nom. {You} (y[=oo]); poss. {Your} (y[=oo]r) or {Yours} (y[=oo]rz); obj. {You}.] [OE. thou, [thorn]u, AS. [eth][=u],… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Thou — hou ([th]ou), pron. [Sing.: nom. {Thou}; poss. {Thy} ([th][imac]) or {Thine} ([th][imac]n); obj. {Thee} ([th][=e]). Pl.: nom. {You} (y[=oo]); poss. {Your} (y[=oo]r) or {Yours} (y[=oo]rz); obj. {You}.] [OE. thou, [thorn]u, AS. [eth][=u], [eth]u;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thou — hou ([th]ou), pron. [Sing.: nom. {Thou}; poss. {Thy} ([th][imac]) or {Thine} ([th][imac]n); obj. {Thee} ([th][=e]). Pl.: nom. {You} (y[=oo]); poss. {Your} (y[=oo]r) or {Yours} (y[=oo]rz); obj. {You}.] [OE. thou, [thorn]u, AS. [eth][=u], [eth]u;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thee — O.E. þe (accusative and dative singular of þu thou ), from P.Gmc. *theke (Cf. O.Fris. thi, M.Du. di, O.H.G. dih, Ger. dich, O.N. þik, Norw. deg, Goth. þuk), from PIE *tege . A brief history of the second person pronoun in English can be found ↑ … Etymology dictionary
thou — 2nd nominative singular personal pronoun, O.E. þu, from P.Gmc. *thu (Cf. O.Fris. thu, M.Du., M.L.G. du, O.H.G., Ger. du, O.N. þu, Goth. þu), from PIE *tu , second person singular pronoun (Cf. L. tu, Ir. tu, Welsh ti, Gk. su, Lith … Etymology dictionary
thou — thou1 [thou] pron. pl. you or ye [ME < OE thu, akin to Ger du < IE * tu > L & Sans tu] Archaic personal pronoun in the second person singular: once used in familiar address, but now replaced by you except in poetic or religious use and… … English World dictionary
Thou (pronom personnel) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Thou. Le mot anglais thou (prononcer [ðaʊ]) est un pronom personnel de la deuxième personne du singulier de l anglais moderne naissant. C est l équivalent du « tu » français. Il est aujourd hui… … Wikipédia en Français
thou. — thou1 «thow», pronoun, singular, nom. thou; poss. thy or thine; obj. thee; plural nom. you or ye; poss. your or yours; … Useful english dictionary
Thou — The word thou (pron en|ðaʊ in most dialects) is a second person singular pronoun in English. It is now largely archaic, having been replaced in almost all contexts by you . Thou is the nominative form; the oblique/objective form is thee… … Wikipedia
thee — /dhee/, pron. 1. the objective case of thou: With this ring, I thee wed. I shall bring thee a mighty army. 2. thou (now used chiefly by the Friends). [bef. 900; ME; OE the (orig. dat.; later dat. and acc.); c. LG di, G dir, ON ther. See THOU] * * … Universalium
