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61 sich
abkühlen, sich
(Konjunktur) to cool off.
abmelden, sich
to notify one’s departure.
absprechen, sich
to come to an arrangement, to agree;
• sich mit seinen Mitarbeitern absprechen to consult with one’s fellow workers;
• Schadenersatz absprechen to disallow damages.
abwechseln, sich
to take turns, to alternate;
• jährlich abwechseln (Vorsitz) to rotate every year;
• in Schichten abwechseln to rotate shifts.
aneignen, sich
to acquire, to appropriate, to adopt;
• sich Geld aneignen to embezzle funds, to misappropriate (convert) money;
• sich einen Namen aneignen to adopt a name.
auspendeln, sich
(Zinssätze) to stabilize at a certain level.
auswirken, sich
to bear upon, to take effect;
• sich auf das Betriebsergebnis auswirken to come through into the results;
• sich kostenmäßig auswirken to make a showing on costs;
• sich in einer Preiserhöhung auswirken to result in a price increase;
• sich schnell auswirken (Investitionen) to pick up quickly;
• sich ungünstig auswirken to have an unfavo(u)rable effect;
• sich voll auswirken to be in full swing;
• sich als Vorteil auswirken to turn out to be an advantage.
behaupten, sich
to stand one’s ground, (Kurse) to hold their ground, to keep its head, to keep (remain) steady, to remain firm;
• sich gut behaupten (Wechselkurs) to hold fairly steady;
• weiterhin hohe Kurse behaupten to continue to rule high;
• seine Rechte behaupten to safeguard one’s rights;
• sich am Schluss behaupten oder leicht abschwächen (Börse) to close steady to slightly lower;
• sich in seiner Stellung behaupten to hold one’s position;
• seine Stellung im technologischen Wettbewerb behaupten to keep up in the technology race.
behauptend, sich
(Preis) steady.
behelfen, sich
to make shift, to manage, to resort to expedients;
• sich ohne Sekretärin behelfen to do without the services of a secretary.
belaufen, sich
to come (mount up, run) to, to reach, to rise, to run into, to make;
• sich auf 10.000 Euro belaufen to foot up (figure out) to euro 10,000 debts;
• sich auf das Doppelte des Voranschlags belaufen to come to double the estimate;
• insgesamt belaufen to aggregate, to total;
• sich ungefähr belaufen to come near to.
bereichern, sich
to line one’s pockets, to make one’s pile;
• sich an Kinderarbeit bereichern to exploit child labo(u)r;
• sich öffentlich bereichern to enrich o. s. from public office.
beruhigen, sich
(Börse) to settle down, (politische Lage) to become stable, to ease;
• Gläubiger mit einer Ratenzahlung beruhigen to put off a dun with an instal(l)ment.
bewegen, sich
(Preise) to range (vary) from... to...;
• sich abwärts bewegen to be on the downgrade (skids, US);
• sich fast einheitlich um die 20% bewegen to cluster around the 20 per cent mark;
• sich entsprechend der Preisindexziffern bewegen to move in sympathy with the index figures of prices.
bewerben, sich
to apply for, to stand as a candidate for (Br.), to run, to [run as a] candidate, to seek, to go up (Br.), (um Lieferungen) to make a bid for, to tender, (um einen Preis) to compete for;
• sich um ein Amt bewerben to run (stand) for an office (US);
• sich um einen Auftrag bewerben to make a tender;
• sich persönlich bewerben to make a personal application;
• sich um eine Stelle (Stellung) bewerben to apply (run) for a position, to put in for a post (job, fam.), to compete for a job.
bewähren, sich
(Artikel) to stand the strain (test);
• sich nicht bewähren to prove a failure.
drehen, sich
(Börse) to turn;
• sich um ein Thema drehen to run on a subject.
durchschlagen, sich
to shift for a living;
• kostenmäßig durchschlagen to make a showing on cost;
• auf die Ladenverkaufspreise durchschlagen to work through to prices in the shops;
• direkt auf die Preise durchschlagen to feed straight through into the prices.
eignen, sich
to qualify, to be suitable (qualified);
• sich als Kapitalanlage eignen to be suitable for investment.
einbürgern, sich
to become established;
• teilweise einbürgern to denizen;
• wieder einbürgern to repatriate.
einigen, sich
to agree, to come to terms, to settle an issue (Br.);
• sich über die Bedingungen einigen to agree upon the terms;
• sich mit seinen Gläubigern einigen to compound with one’s creditors;
• sich auf die Gründung einer Gesellschaft einigen to agree to form a company;
• sich gütlich einigen to settle a matter amicably, to come to an amicable arrangement;
• sich auf einen bestimmten Preis einigen to agree on a certain price;
• sich vergleichsweise einigen to reach a settlement.
einmischen, sich
to intervene, to interfere, to meddle, to barge in (fam.);
• sich in die Angelegenheiten eines Nachbarlandes einmischen to intervene in the affairs of a neighbo(u)ring country;
• sich unaufgefordert (ungefragt) einmischen to meddle.
einpendeln, sich
(Kurse) to even out, to settle down.
einschiffen, sich
to embark, to get (go) aboard, to join one’s ship, to go on board, to [take] ship.
einwählen, sich
(Computer) to plug into.
emporarbeiten, sich
to work one’s way up, to win one’s way from poverty.
entschließen, sich
to determine, to decide, to make up one’s mind, to resolve;
• sich zu einem Kauf entschließen to decide on buying.
ereignen, sich
to occur, to happen, to take place.
erholen, sich
to recreate, to convalesce, to recuperate, to pick up, (Industrie) to be reviving, (Kurse) to look (pick, prick) up, to recover, to revive, to rally, to rise, to improve, (Markt) to improve, (sich schadlos halten) to make up for one’s losses, to repay (reimburse, recoup) o. s.;
• sich bei jem. erholen to draw (reimburse o. s.) upon s. o.;
• sich von einem geschäftlichen Fehlschlag erholen to recover from a business setback;
• sich beim Giranten erholen to have recourse to the endorser of a note;
• sich von den Nachwirkungen des Krieges erholen to recover from the effects of the war;
• sich bei den Schlusskursen erholen to be improving at the close;
• sich schnell erholen (Kurse) to brisk up;
• sich wieder erholen (Kurse) to be picking up again, to experience a recovery;
• sich finanziell wieder erholen to recover financially (one’s strength), to recuperate;
• sich für eine Zahlung erholen to cover o. s.
etablieren, sich
to establish o. s., to set up shop for o. s., to start a business.
festigen, sich
to consolidate, (Börse, Kurse, Preise) to [become] firm, to steady, to stiffen, to strengthen, to harden, to stabilize;
• Dollarkurs festigen to strengthen the dollar price;
• seine Stellung festigen to strengthen one’s position, to solidify one’s place;
• Währung festigen to stabilize the currency;
• sich erneut im Vergleich mit anderen harten Währungen festigen to strengthen again against other major currencies;
• Wechselkurse festigen to stabilize exchange rates.
freizeichnen, sich
to contract out, to exempt o. s. from a liability.
gesundschrumpfen, sich
to shrink to profitable size;
• sich gesundstoßen to make a packet (fam.).
heraufarbeiten, sich
to work one’s way (o. s.) up (o. s. into a good position).
herauskristallisieren, sich
to crystallize, to take shape;
• sich herausmachen (Firma) to make good progress;
• sein Kapital herausnehmen to withdraw one’s capital;
• Gehälter aus dem Preisindexsystem herausnehmen to disindex salaries from the price index;
• Geld aus jem. herauspressen to squeeze money out of s. o.;
• weitere Steuern aus dem Volk herauspressen to screw more taxes out of the people;
• Gewinne aus einem fallenden und überbesetzten Markt herausprügeln müssen to be forced to slug it out in a slumping and overcrowded market;
• Geld herausrücken to cough up (US sl.), to fork out (sl.);
• Zahlungen herausschieben to postpone payment;
• herausschinden to eke out;
• Geld aus jem. herausschinden to extract money from s. o.;
• zusätzliche Urlaubswoche herausschinden to wangle an extra week’s holiday;
• Geld aus einer Sache herausschlagen to get one’s money’s worth;
• allerlei Vorteile herausschlagen to gain all kinds of advantages;
• Unfähige herausschmeißen to weed out the incompetents;
• heraussetzen (Mieter) to evict, to eject, to turn out.
herausstellen, sich
to turn out, to prove;
• besonders herausstellen (Presse) to feature (US coll.), to highlight (US);
• sich als Fälschung herausstellen to prove to be a forgery;
• groß herausstellen to give a build-up;
• sich als sehr hoch herausstellen (Kosten) to come rather high;
• sich als missglückt herausstellen (Anlage) to turn sour;
• sich als Vorteil herausstellen to turn out to be an advantage.
hinschleppen, sich
to drag on.
konkretisieren, sich
(Forderung) to crystallize.
konstituieren, sich
(parl.) to assemble;
• Ausschuss konstituieren to appoint a committee;
• sich als eingetragene Gesellschaft konstituieren to form themselves into a registered corporation.
kreuzen, sich
to intersect, (Interessen) to clash, to run counter, (Straße) to cross.
kristallisieren, sich
to crystallize.
kräftigen, sich
(Kurs) to improve, to recover, (Markt) to strengthen;
• Dollarkurs kräftigen to strengthen the dollar price.
lebensversichern, sich
to assure one’s life with a company (Br.);
• sich für 20.000 L lebensversichern to insure (assure, Br.) o. s. for L 20,000;
• sich gegenseitig lebensversichern to insure one’s own life for the benefit of the other;
• seine Schlüsselkräfte lebensversichern to take out life policies on one’s key man.
liieren, sich
(Gesellschafter) to unite, to join, to associate, to become a partner.
massieren, sich
(Aufträge) to pile up.
niederlassen, sich
to set up for o. s., to take up one’s abode (domicile, residence), to locate, (Wohnsitz) to settle down;
• sich als Anwalt niederlassen to settle down in the practice of law;
• sich als Arzt niederlassen to put up (hang out) one’s shingle;
• sich als Buchhändler niederlassen to establish o. s. (set up business) as a bookseller;
• sich für dauernd niederlassen to settle down for good;
• sich geschäftlich niederlassen to establish o. s. as a businessman, to set up for o. s., to set up shop, to set o. s. up in business;
• sich im Hauptgeschäftsviertel niederlassen to fix one’s residence in the city;
• sich widerrechtlich niederlassen to abate.
rentieren, sich
to pay [its way (for costs)], to pay well, to bring a return, (Betrieb) to be profitable, (Ware) to leave a margin;
• sich gut rentieren to yield good profits;
• sich nicht rentieren not to be worthwhile;
• sich noch rentieren to break even;
• sich gerade noch rentieren to wash its face (Br. sl.);
• sich in zehn Jahren rentieren to pay its way in ten years.
stabilisieren, sich
to become stable;
• Preise stabilisieren to stabilize (peg) prices.
treffen, sich
to meet, to gather, to assemble;
• Abkommen treffen to come to an agreement (terms);
• Anordnungen treffen to prescribe;
• Auslese treffen to cull;
• Buchung treffen to pass (effect) an entry;
• Freigabeverfügungen für die Wirtschaftshilfe treffen to loosen its grip on the economic-aid purse strings;
• auf Öl treffen to strike oil;
• Steuerzahler heftig treffen to clobber the taxpayers;
• Übereinkommen treffen to compact;
• Übereinkunft treffen to come to an arrangement;
• Verabredung treffen to make (fix) an appointment;
• Verbraucher unmittelbar treffen to fall directly onto the consumer;
• vorläufige Vereinbarung treffen to make a provisional arrangement;
• Vorbereitungen (Vorkehrungen) treffen to make preparations;
• Vorsichtsmaßregeln treffen to take precautionary measures.
unterordnen, sich
to subordinate o. s.
verausgaben, sich
to spend beyond one’s means, to run short of money.
verbürgen, sich
to [a]vouch, to undertake, to warrant, to guarantee, to stand surety, to bail;
• sich für einen Bericht verbürgen to warrant a report;
• sich für jds. Ehrlichkeit und Zuverlässigkeit verbürgen to warrant s. o. an honest and reliable person;
• sich für eine Schuld verbürgen to answer for a debt;
• sich für jds. Zahlungsfähigkeit verbürgen to vouch for s. one's ability to pay.
verkalkulieren, sich
to miscalculate, to overshoot.
vermehren, sich
to multiply;
• sein Vermögen vermehren to enlarge one’s fortune;
• Zahlungsmittelumlauf vermehren to expand the currency.
verschulden, sich
to run into debt, to take on debts, to involve o. s. (get into) debt, to outrun the constable (Br.), to run up a score (Br.);
• sich kurzfristig erheblich verschulden to borrow heavily on a short-term basis;
• sich erneut verschulden to run into debt again;
• sich total verschulden (Staat) to plunge into debt;
• sich ungewöhnlich verschulden to go into debt at a record chip (US).
verschätzen, sich
to be out in one’s calculation[s] (estimate).
verspekulieren, sich
to lose money by bad investment.
verspäten, sich
(Schiff, Zug) to be overdue (behind schedule, US).
versteifen, sich
(Markt) to tighten [up].
verzweigen, sich
to branch out.
zurückhalten, sich
to keep a low profile, (Börse) to stay on the sidelines, (Verbraucher) to hold back, to resist;
• Aktien in Erwartung von Kurssteigerungen zurückhalten to hold stocks for a rise;
• Informationsmaterial zurückhalten to hold back information;
• Mittel zurückhalten to bottle up funds;
• sich mit der Verwirklichung geplanter Kapazitätsausweitungen zurückhalten to hold back on bringing in planned new capacity;
• restliche Ware zurückhalten to hold over the rest of the goods;
• Waren unberechtigt zurückhalten to wrongfully detain goods.
zurückmelden, sich
to report one’s return;
• sich vom Urlaub zurückmelden to report back from leave (one’s return).
zusammenschließen, sich
to amalgamate, to merge, to combine, to consolidate (US), (pol.) to unite, to fuse;
• Arbeiter in einer Gewerkschaft zusammenschließen to unite workers in a trade union;
• Firmen (Gesellschaften) zusammenschließen to consolidate business companies;
• sich zu einem Kartell zusammenschließen to join a cartel;
• sich in einem großen Unternehmen zusammenschließen to merge into one large organization;
• sich zu einem Verein zusammenschließen to club.
ändern, sich
to vary;
• Eintragung ändern to rectify (alter) an entry;
• nachträglich ändern (Wechsel) to alter materially;
• zweckentsprechend ändern to adapt.
überschneiden, sich
to overlap, to intersect, (Ereignisse) to clash;
• sich mit einem anderen Termin überschneiden to clash with another date. -
62 HAFA
* * *(hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr), v.1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór);hafa elda, to keep up a five;2) to hold, celebrate (hafa vinaboð, blót, þing);3) to keep, retain (rifu þær vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt á);4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok hafa eigi höfð verit);orð þau sem hann hafði um haft, which he had made use of;hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one;hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one;hafa tvimæli á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing;hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words;hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in, lawsuits;5) to have, hold, maintain;hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one;hafa hættumikit, to run a great risk;hafa heilindi, to have good health;6) to bring, carry;hafa e-n heim með sér, to bring one home;hann hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway;hafa sik (to betake oneself) til annara landa;7) to take, carry off;troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee;8) to get, gain, win;hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep;hefir sá jafnan, er hættir, he wins that ventures;hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victor;hafa meira hlut, to get the upper hand, gain the day;hafa betr (verr), to get the better (worse) of it;hafa sitt mál, to win one’s suit;hafa tafl, to win the game;hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed;hafa bana, to suffer death, to die;hafa sigr, to be worsted;hafa góðar viðtökur, to be well received;hafa tíðindi af e-m, to get tidings of, or from, one;hafa sœmd, óvirðing af e-m, to get honour, disgrace from one;with gen., hafa e-s ekki, to fail to catch one (hann kemst á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki);ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we shall not catch him at present;9) to wear carry (clothes, weapons);hann hafði blán kyrtil, he wore a blue kirtle;hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand;10) to behave, do, or fare, so an so esp. with an adv.;hafa vel, illa, vetr, to behave (do) well, badly, be worse;hafa sik vel, to behave;hafa vel, to be well off or happy;hafa hart, to be in a wretched plight;11) with infin., hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping at selja, to have on sale;lög hafið þér at mæla, you are right;12) hafa e-n nær e-u, to expose one to (þú hafðir svá nær haft oss úfœru);hafa nær e-u, to come near to, esp. impers.;nær hafði okkr nú, it was a narrow escape;svá nær hafði hausinum, at, the shot so nearly touched the head, that;ok er nær hafði, skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of flloating;13) as an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time with the pp. of transitive verbs in acc.;hefir þú hamar um fólginn, hast thou hidden the hammer?;ek hefi sendan mann, I have sent a man;later with indecl. neut. pp.;hefir þú eigi sét mik, hast thou not seen me?;14) with preps.:hafa e-t at, to do, act;hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely;absol., viltu þess freista, ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see what happens?;hafa e-t at hlífiskildi (skotspœni), to use as a shield (as a target);hafa e-n háði, hlátri, to mock, laugh at;hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of;hafa sakir á e-n have charges against one;hafa á rás, to take to one’s heels, run off;hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one;hafa e-t fram, to produce (vápn þorgils vóru fram höfð); to carry out, hold forth;hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit;var um búit, ekki fram haft, all was made ready but nothing done;hafa e-t frammi, í frammi, to use, make use of (hafa í frammi kúgan);ok öll lögmæt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all on official duties;hafa e-t fyrir satt, to hold for true;eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed for that, it is a false charge;hafa e-n fyrir sökum um e-t, to charge one with;hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one;hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand;höfum eiai sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands;hafa ór við e-n, to behave so and so towards one (hefir þú illa ór haft við mik);hafa e-t til e-s to use for (höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót); to be a reason or ground for;vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sézt, we believe the foundation of the story is that men have been seen there;hafa mikit (lítit) til síns máls, to have much (little) in support of one’s case;hafa e-t til, to have at hand, possess;orð þau, sem hann hafði um haft, the words which he had used;keisari hafði fátt um, did not say much;hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue one;hafa e-t uppi, to take (heave) up (hafa uppi fœri, net);Skarpheðinn hafði uppi øxina, S. heaved up the axe;hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel;hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game;hafa e-n uppi, to bring one to light;hafa uppi rœður, to begin a discussion;hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished (hafa úti sitt dagsverk);hafa við e-m, to be a match for one;hafa sik við, to exert oneself;hafa mikit (lítit) við, to make a great (little) display;hann söng messu ok bafði mikit við, and made much of it;hann bad jarl leita, bann hafði lítit við þat, he did it lightly;haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so;haf þú lítit við at eggja sonu þina, refrain from egging on thy sons;15) refl., hafast.* * *pret. hafði; subj. hefði; pres. sing. hefi (less correctly hefir), hefir, hefir; plur. höfum, hafit, hafa: the mod. pres. sing. is monosyllabic hefr or hefur, and is used so in rhymes—andvara engan hefur | … við glys heims gálaus sefur, Pass. 15. 6, but in print the true old form hefir is still retained; the monosyllabic present is used even by old writers in the 1st pers. before the personal or negative suffix, e. g. hef-k and hef-k-a ek for hefi-g and hefig-a ek, see e. g. Grág. (Kb.) 79, 82, in the old oath formula, hef-k eigi, Hallfred; hef ek, Fms. iii. 10 (in a verse); but not so in 3rd pers., e. g. hefir-a or hefir-at, Grág. l. c.: imperat. haf, hafðu: part. pass. hafðr, neut. haft;—hafat is an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 16, and is prob. qs. hafit from hefja, to heave, lift: [Ulf. haban; A. S. habban; Engl. have; Hel. hebben; Germ. haben; Dutch hebben; Dan. have, Swed. hafva: it is curious the Lat. form habere retains the consonant unchanged, cp. the Romance forms, Ital. avere, Fr. avoir, Span. haber, etc. ☞ Hafa is a weak verb, and thus distinguished from hefja (to lift, begin), which is a strong verb, answering to Lat. capere, incipere; but in sundry cases, as will be seen below, it passes into the sense of this latter word; as also in some instances into that of another lost strong verb, hafa, hóf, to behave, and hœfa, to hit]:—to have.A. To have; hann hafði með sér ekki meira lið, Fms. i. 39; hafði hverr hirð um sik, 52; höfðu þeir áttján skip, viii. 42; Sverrir hafði tvau hundrað manna, … þeir höfðu annan samnað á landi, 328; hann hafði mikit lið ok frítt, x. 36; þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór, 102; hafa fjölmennar setur, Eb. 22; hann hafði menn sína í síldveri, Eg. 42; mun ek naut hafa þar sem mér þykkir hagi beztr, 716.II. to hold:1. to keep, celebrate; hafa ok halda, Dipl. i. 6; hafa átrúnað, 10; hafa dóma, 12; hafa blót, Fms. iv. 254; hafa vina-veizlu, id.; hafa vina-boð, Nj. 2; hafa Jóla-boð, Eg. 516; hafa þing, Fms. ix. 449; hafa haust-boð, Gísl. 27; hafa drykkju, Eb. 154; hafa leik, Fms. x. 201, passim.2. to hold, observe; hlýðir þat hvergi at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. 149; skal þat hafa, er stendr …, Grág. i. 7; skal þat allt hafa er finsk á skrá þeirri …, id.; en hvatki es mis-sagt es í fræðum þessum, þá es skylt at hafa þat (to keep, hold to be true) es sannara reynisk, Íb. 3; ok hafða ek (I kept, selected) þat ór hvárri er framarr greindi, Landn. 320, v. l.3. to hold, keep, retain; ef hann vill hafa hann til fardaga, Grág. i. 155; skal búandinn hafa hann hálfan mánuð, 154; ok hafði hvárr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; hitt skal hafa er um fram er, Rb. 56; kasta í burt þrjátigi ok haf þat sem eptir verðr, 494.4. to hold an office; hafa lögsögu, to hold the office of lögsaga, Íb. passim; hafa jarldóm, konungdóm, passim; þat höfðu haft at fornu Dana-konungar, Eg. 267; þér berit konunga-nöfn svá sem fyrr hafa haft ( have had) forfeðr yðrir, en hafit lítið af ríki, Fms. i. 52; hafa ríki, to reign, Hkr. pref.5. phrases, hafa elda, to keep a fire, cook, Fms. xi. 129; hafa fjárgæzlu, to tend sheep, Eg. 740; hafa embætti með höndum, Stj. 204; hafa gæzlur á e-u, Fms. ix. 313; hafa … vetr, to have so many winters, be of such an age (cp. Fr. avoir … ans), Íb. 15; margir höfðu lítið fátt þúsund ára, Ver. 7: hafa vörn í máli, Nj. 93; hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, Fms. viii. 280, ix. 239; hafa e-t á höndum, Grág. i. 38; hafa fyrir satt, to hold for true, Fms. xi. 10; hafa við orð, to intimate, suggest, Nj. 160; hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of, Fas. i. 318.6. with prepp. or infin.,α. with prep.; hafa til, to have, possess; ef annarr þeirra hefir til enn annarr eigi, þá er sá skyldr til at fá honum er til hefir, Grág. i. 33; ef annarr hefir til …, id.; þér ætlið at ek muna eigi afl til hafa, Ld. 28.β. with infin.; hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping, Eg. 500; lög hafit þér at mæla, you have the law on your tongue, i. e. you are right, Nj. 101; hörð tíðindi hefi ek at segja þér, 64; sá er gripinn hefir at halda, Grág. i. 438; hafa at selja, to have on sale, Ld. 28.III. to use; var haft til þess sker eitt, Eb. 12; þá höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót, Fms. vii. 193; er þín ráð vóru höfð, that thy advice was taken, Fs. 57; Gríss hafði þessi ráð, Fms. iii. 21; ek vil at þat sé haft er ek legg til, x. 249; þykki mér þú vel hafa ( make good use of) þau tillög er ek legg fyrir þik, xi. 61; til þess alls er jarli þótti skipta, þá hafði hann þessa hluti, 129; tvau ný (net), ok hafa eigi höfð verit ( which have not been used), haf þú ( take) hvárt er þú vilt, Háv. 46; þær vil ek hafa enar nýju, en ek vil ekki hætta til at hafa enar fornu, id.; önnur er ný ok mikil ok hefir ( has) til einskis höfð ( used) verið, id.; buðkr er fyrir húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; gjalda vápn þau er höfð eru, N. G. L. i. 75; þat hafði hann haft ( used) fyrir skála, Edda 29; þeir vóru hafðir til at festa með hús jafnan, Nj. 118; sá hólmr var hafðr til at …, Fms. i. 218; hann skyldi hafa hinn sama eið, x. 7; orð þau sem hann hafði ( had) um haft ( used), Nj. 56; orð þau er hann hafði ( made use of) í barnskírn, K. Þ. K. 14.2. more special phrases; hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one, Nj. 224; hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one, 223; allmikil fjölkyngi mun vera við höfð áðr svá fái gört, Edda 27; hafa mörg orð um e-t, Ld. 268; hafa tvímæli á e-u, to discuss, doubt, speak diffidently of a thing, Lv. 52; hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words, Nj. 89; hafa nafn Drottins í hégóma, to take the Lord’s name in vain, Fms. i. 310; (hann var) mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in lawsuits, Dropl. 8: hafa sik til e-s, to use oneself to a thing, i. e. to do a mean, paltry thing; þeir er til þess vilja hafa sik, at ganga í samkundur manna úboðit, Gþl. 200; ef hann vill sik til þessa hafa, Fms. i. 99: hafa sik við, to exert oneself; skaltú ok verða þik við at hafa um þetta mál, ef þú getr þat af þér fært, Grett. 160: hafa e-n at skotspæni, to use one as a target, Nj. 222; hafa e-n at hlífi-skildi sér, to use one as a shield, 262; hafa e-n at ginningar-fifli, auga-bragði, háði, hlátri, Hm. 133, Nj. 224, passim.IV. to have, hold, maintain, of a state or condition; hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one, Sks. 662; hafa vanmátt, to continue sick, Eg. 565; hafa hættu-mikit, to run a great risk, Nj. 149; hafa vitfirring, to be insane, Grág. i. 154; hafa heilindi, to have good health, 26, Hm. 67; hafa burði til e-s, to have the birthright to a thing. Eg. 479; hafa hug, áræði, hyggindi, to have the courage …, Hom. 28; hafa vit ( to know), skyn, greind … á e-u, to have understanding of a thing; hafa gaman, gleði, skemtun, ánægju af e-u, to have interest or pleasure in a thing; hafa leiða, ógeð, andstygð, hatr, óbeit á e-u, to dislike, be disgusted with, hate a thing; hafa elsku, mætr, virðing á e-u, to love, esteeem … a thing; hafa allan hug á e-u, to bend the mind to a thing; hafa grun á e-m, to suspect one; hafa ótta, beyg af e-u, to fear a thing; and in numberless other phrases.2. with prepp.:α. hafa e-t frammi (fram), to carry out, hold forth; hafa frammi róg, Nj. 166; hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit, 101; stefnu-för, 78; heitstrengingar, Fms. xi. 103; ok öll lögmælt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all one’s official duties, 232; var um búit en ekki fram haft, all was made ready, but nothing done, viii. 113; beini má varla verða betri en hér er frammi hafðr, xi. 52; hafðú í frammi ( use) kúgan við þá uppi við fjöllin, Ísl. ii. 215; margir hlutir, þó at hann hafi í frammi, Sks. 276.β. hafa mikit, lítið fyrir e-u, to have much, little trouble about a thing; (hence fyrir-höfn, trouble.)γ. hafa við e-m (afl or the like understood), to be a match for one, Fms. vii. 170, Lv. 109, Nj. 89, Eg. 474, Anal. 176; hafa mikit, lítið við, to make a great, little display; (hence við-höfn, display, pomp); hann söng messu ok hafði mikit við, he sang mass and made a great thing of it, Nj. 157; þú hefir mikit við, thou makest a great show of it, Boll. 351; hann bað jarl leita, hann hafði lítið við þat, he did it lightly, Nj. 141; haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so, Ld. 182.B. To take, carry off, win, wield, [closely akin to Lat. capere]:I. to catch, take, esp. in the phrase, hafa ekki e-s, to miss one; hann kemsk á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki, he took to the forest and they missed him, Nj. 130; ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we sha’nt catch him at present, Fms. vi. 278; hafða ek þess vætki vífs, Hm. 101; þeygi ek hana at heldr hefik, 95: in swearing, tröll, herr, gramir hafi þik, the trolls, ghosts, etc. take thee! tröll hafi líf, ef …, Kormak; tröll hafi Trefót allan! Grett. (in a verse); tröll hafi þína vini, tröll hafi hól þitt, Nj.; herr hafi Þóri til slægan, confound the wily Thorir! Fms. vi. 278, v. l. (emended, as the phrase is wrongly explained in Fms. xii. Gloss.); gramir hafi þik! vide gramr.II. to carry, carry off, bring; hafði einn hjartað í munni sér, one carried the heart off in his mouth, Nj. 95; hann hafði þat ( brought it) norðan með sér, Eg. 42; hafði Þórólfr heim marga dýrgripi, 4; hann hafði með sér skatt allan, 62; skaltú biðja hennar ok hafa hana heim hingat, Edda 22; fé þat er hann hafði ( had) út haft ( carried from abroad), Gullþ. 13; á fimm hestum höfðu þeir mat, Nj. 74; bókina er hann hafði ( had) út haft, Fms. vii. 156; konungr hafði biskup norðr til Björgynjar með sér, viii. 296; biskup lét hann hafa með sér kirkju-við ok járn-klukku, Landn. 42; hann hafði með sér skulda-lið sitt ok búferli, Eb. 8; hann tók ofan hofit, ok hafði með sér flesta viðu, id.; ok hafa hana í brott, Fms. i. 3; tekr upp barnit, ok hefir heim með sér, Ísl. ii. 20; hann hafði lög út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway, Íb. 5; haf þú heim hvali til bæjar, Hým. 26; ok hafa hann til Valhallar, Nj. 119.III. to take, get; hann hafði þá engan mat né drykk, he took no food nor drink, Eg. 602; hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep, Bs. i. 139.2. to get, gain, win; öfluðu sér fjár, ok höfðu hlutskipti mikit, Eg. 4; eigi þarftú at biðja viðsmjörs þess, þvíat hann mun þat alls ekki hafa, né þú, for neither he nor thou shall get it, Blas. 28; jarl vill hafa minn fund, he will have a meeting with me, 40, Skv. 1. 4: the sayings, hefir sá jafnan er hættir, he wins that risks, ‘nothing venture, nothing have,’ Hrafn. 16; sá hefir krás er krefr, Sl. 29.3. phrases, hafa meira hlut, to get the better lot, gain the day, Nj. 90, Fms. xi. 93; hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victory, ix. 132, Eg. 7, Hkr. i. 215, Ver. 38; hafa betr, to get the better; hafa verr, miðr, to have the worst of it, Fms. v. 86, Þorst. S. St. 48, passim; hafa mál sitt, to win one’s suit, Grág. i. 7, Fms. vii. 34; hafa kaup öll, to get all the bargain, Eg. 71; hafa tafl, to win the game, Fms. vii. 219; hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed, Þkv. 10, 11, Fas. ii. 517: hafa bana, to have one’s bane, to die, Nj. 8; hafa úsigr, to be worsted, passim; hafa úfrið, to have no peace; hafa gagn, sóma, heiðr, neisu, óvirðing, skömm, etc. af e-u, to get profit, gain, honour, disgrace, etc. from a thing; hafa e-n í helju, to put one to death, Al. 123; hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue him, Nj. 95, 128; höfum eigi, sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands, Fms. v. 294.4. to get, receive; hann hafði góðar viðtökur, Nj. 4; hón skal hafa sex-tigi hundraða, 3; skyldi Högni hafa land, 118; selja skipit, ef hann hafði þat fyrir ( if he could get for it) sem hann vildi; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, hann kvaðsk vildu fyrir hafa land, 259; hafa tíðindi, sögur af e-m, to have, get tidings of or from one, Ld. 28; hafa sæmd, metorð óvirðing, to get honour, disgrace from one’s hands, Nj. 101; hafa bætr, to get compensation, Grág. i. 188; hafa innstæðuna eina, id.; hafa af e-m, to have the best of one, cheat one.IV. to carry, wear, of clothes, ornaments, weapons:1. of clothes, [cp. Lat. habitus and Icel. höfn = gear]; hafa hatt á höfði, Ld. 28; hafa váskufl yztan klæða, … þú skalt hafa undir ( wear beneath) hin góðu klæði þín, Nj. 32; hann hafði blán kyrtil, … hann hafði svartan kyrtil, Boll. 358; hafa fald á höfði, to wear a hood; hón hafði gaddan rautt á höfði, Orkn. 304; hann hafði um sik breitt belti, he wore a broad belt, Nj. 91; hafa fingr-gull á hendi, 146: to have about one’s person, vefja saman ok hafa í pungi sínum, Edda 27; hlutir sem mönnum var títt at hafa, Fms. xi. 128.2. of weapons, to wield, carry; spjót þat er þú hefir í hendi, Boll. 350; hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand, Fms. xi. 129; hafa staf í hendi, to have a stick in the hand, Bárð.; Gunnarr hafði atgeirinn ok sverðit, Kolskeggr hafði saxit, Hjörtr hafði alvæpni, Nj. 93; hann hafdi öxi snaghyrnda, Boll. 358; hann hafði kesjuna fyrir sér, he held the lance in rest, Eg. 532.V. here may be added a few special phrases; hafa hendr fyrir sér, to grope, feel with the hands (as in darkness); hafa vit fyrir sér, to act wisely; hafa at sér hendina, to draw one’s hand back, Stj. 198; hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one, Konr.; hafa e-t yfir, to repeat (of a lesson): hafa sik, to betake oneself; hafa sik til annarra landa, Grett. 9 new Ed.; hann vissi varla hvar hann átti at hafa sik, he knew not where ( whither) to betake himself, Bs. i. 807; hefir hann sik aptr á stað til munklífisins, Mar.C. Passing into the sense of hefja (see at the beginning); hafa e-t uppi, to heave up, raise; hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel, Fb. ii. 89: hafa uppi færi, net, a fisherman’s term, to heave up, take up the net or line, Háv. 46; Skarphéðinn hafði uppi ( heaved up) öxina, Nj. 144: hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game, Vápn. 29; þar vóru mjök töfl uppi höfð ok sagna-skemtan, Þorf. Karl. 406, v. l.: hafa e-n uppi, to hold one up, bring him to light; svá máttu oss skjótast uppi hafa, Fær. 42: metaph. to reveal, vándr riddari hafði allt þegar uppi, Str. 10.2. with the notion to begin; Bárðr hafði uppi orð sín ( began his suit) ok bað Sigríðar, Eg. 26, Eb. 142; hafa upp stefnu, to begin the summons, Boll. 350; hafa upp ræður, to begin a discussion; ræður þær er hann hafði uppi haft við Ingigerði, Fms. iv. 144, where the older text in Ó. H. reads umræður þær er hann hafði upp hafit (from hefja), 59; cp. also Vsp., þat langniðja-tal mun uppi hafat (i. e. hafit) meðan öld lifir, 16, (cp. upp-haf, beginning); þó at ek hafa síðarr um-ræðu um hann, better þó at ek hafa (i. e. hefja) síðarr upp ræðu um hann, though I shall below treat of, discuss that, Skálda (Thorodd) 168; er lengi hefir uppi verit haft síðan (of a song), Nj. 135; cp. also phrases such as, hafa á rás, to begin running, take to one’s heels, Fms. iv. 120, ix. 490; næsta morgin hefir út fjörðinn, the next morning a breeze off land arose, Bs. ii. 48: opp. is the phrase, hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished; hafa úti sitt dags-verk, Fms. xi. 431; hafa úti sekt sína, Grett. 149.D. Passing into the sense of a lost strong verb, hafa, hóf (see at the beginning), to behave, do, act:I. with an adverb, hafa vel, ílla, or the like, to behave, and in some instances to do well or badly, be happy or unhappy,α. to behave; en nú vil ek eigi verr hafa en þú, Fms. iv. 342; þeir sögðu at konungr vildi verr hafa en þeir, 313; hefir þú ílla ór (málum or the like understood) haft við mik, Fs. 140; ólikr er Gísli öðrum í þolinmæði, ok hefir hann betr en vér, Gísl. 28.β. to do so and so (to be happy, unhappy); verr hafa þeir er trygðum slitu, Mkv. 3; ílla hefir sá er annan svíkr, 18; vel hefir sá er þat líða lætr, 6; vel hefir sá ( he is happy) er eigi bíðr slíkt íllt þessa heims, Fms. v. 145; hvílíkt hefir þú, how dost thou? Mar.; hafa hart, to do badly, to be wretched; at sál Þorgils mætti fyrir þær sakir eigi hart hafa, Sturl. iii. 292, Mar.; Ólafr hafði þá hölzti ílla, O. was very poorly, D. N. ii. 156; þykisk sá bezt hafa ( happiest) er fyrstr kemr heim, Fms. xi. 248; þá hefir hann bazt af hann þegir, i. e. that is the best he can do if he holds his tongue, Hm. 19; þess get ek at sá hafi verr ( he will make a bad bargain) er þik flytr, Nj. 128; úlfgi hefir ok vel, the wolf is in a bad plight, Ls. 39; mun sá betr hafa er eigi tekr við þér, id.; betr hefðir þú, ef …, thou wouldest do better, if …, Akv. 16.γ. adding sik; hafa sik vel, to behave well, Fms. x. 415, Stj. 436.II. with the prep. at, to do, act, (hence at-höfn, at-hæfi, act, doing); hann lét ekki til búa vígs-málit ok engan hlut at hafa, Nj. 71; en ef þeim þykkir of lítið féit tekit, þá skulu þeir hafa at hit sama, to act in the same way, Grág. ii. 267; hvatki es þeir hafa at, Fms. xi. 132; hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely, Nj. 33; bæði munu menn þetta kalla stórvirki ok íllvirki, en þó má nú ekki at hafa, but there is no help for it, 202; eigi sýnisk mér meðal-atferðar-leysi, at vér höfum eigi at um kvámur hans, i. e. that we submit tamely to his coming, Fs. 32: absol., viltú þess freista, ok vita þá hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see how it will do? Bjarn. 27; en nú skaltú fara fyrir, ok vita hvat at hafi, Bs. i. 712.III. phrases, hafa hátt, to be noisy, talk loud, Fms. i. 66; við skulum ekki hafa hátt ( do not cry loud) hér er maðr á glugganum, a lullaby song; hafa lágt, to keep silent; hafa hægt, to keep quiet; hafa sik á (í) hófi, to compose oneself, Ls. 36; hafa í hótum við e-n, to use threatening ( foul) language, Fb. i. 312; hafa í glett við e-n, to banter one, Fms. viii. 289; hafa íllt at verki, to do a bad deed, Ísl. ii. 184.E. Passing into the sense of the verb hæfa (see at the beginning), to aim at, hit, with dat.:I. to hit; svá nær hafði hausinum, at …, the shot so nearly hit the head, that …, Fms. ii. 272; þat sama forað, sem henni hafði næst váða, those very precipices from which she had so narrow an escape, Bs. i. 200, Fms. ix. 357; nær hafði nú, at skjótr mundi verða okkarr skilnaðr, Al. 124; nær hafði okkr nú, it struck near us, it was a narrow escape, Fms. viii. 281; kvaðsk svá dreymt hafa ( have dreamed), at þeim mundi nær hafa, ix. 387, v. l.; ok er nær hafði at skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of floating, Ld. 58; ok hafði svá nær (it was within a hair’s breadth), at frændr Þorvalds mundu ganga at honum, Nj. 160; ok hafði svá nær at þeir mundi berjask, Íb. 11, cp. Bs. i. 21: the phrase, fjarri hefir, far from it! Edda (in a verse).2. to charge; eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed at for that, ‘tis a false charge, Eg. 64; þeim manni er fyrir sökum er hafðr, i. e. the culprit, Grág. i. 29; cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á e-u, to make a charge of a thing; það varð ekki á því haft, they could not make a case for a charge of it.II. metaph. to be the ground or reason for, (hence til-hæfa, reason, fact, foundation); til þess ætla vitrir menn þat haft at Ísland sé Tile (i. e. Thule) kallað, at …, learned men suppose that is the reason that Iceland is called Thule, that …, Landn. (pref.); mikit mun til haft, er einmæli er um (there must be some reason for it, because all people say so), Þorgils segir, eigi er fyrir haft ( there is no ground whatever for it), at ek mæla betr fyrir griðum en aðrir menn, Ísl. ii. 379; vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sésk, we believe the substance of the story is that men have been seen there, Fms. xi. 158; hvat er til þess haft um þat (what is the truth of the matter?), hefir sundr-þykki orðit með ykkr? Boll. 364: in the saying, hefir hverr til síns ágætis nokkut, every one gets his reputation for something, Nj. 115.2. to happen, coincide; hefir svá til, at hann var þar sjálfr, Fms. xi. 138, v. l.β. the phrase, hafa mikit (lítið) til síns máls, to have much ( little) reason for one’s tale, i. e. to be much, little, in the right, Fms. vii. 221, xi. 138 (v. l.), Nj. 88: um þenna hefir svá stórum, it matters so much with this man, (v. l. for mun stórum skipta), Fms. xi. 311.F. REFLEX. to keep, dwell, abide, but only of a temporary shelter or abode, cp. Lat. habitare, (cp. also höfn, a haven); hann hefsk á náttartíma niðri í vötnum, at night-time he keeps down in the water, Stj. 77: to live, þeir höfðusk mjök í kaupferðum, they spent much of their life in travelling, Hkr. i. 276; hann hafðisk löngum í bænum, Bs. i. 353.β. with prep. við; hér mun ek við hafask ( I will stay here) en þú far til konungs, Fb. ii. 125; hafðisk hann við á skógum eðr í öðrum fylgsnum, 302; því at hann hafðisk þá á skipum við, Fms. viii. 44; hvílsk heldr ok hafsk við í því landi, rest and stay in that land, Stj. 162; Ásgeirr hafðisk við uppi í dalnum, Sd. 154; hafask lind fyrir, to cover oneself with a shield (?), Vsp. 50; hafask hlífar fyrir, to be mailed in armour, Hkm. 11.2. hafask at, to do, behave (cp. D. above); vóru þeir þá svá móðir, at þeir máttu ekki at hafask, Fms. ii. 149; en síðan skulut þér at hafa slíkt sem ek kann fyrir segja, i. 158; þat eitt munu við at hafask, at ek mun betr göra en þú, Nj. 19; Lambi sá hvat Steinarr hafðisk at, Eg. 747.3. hafask vel, to do well, thrive; vaxa ok vel hafask, to wax and do well, Hm. 142; nú er þat bæn mín, at þér hafisk við vel, that you bear yourself well up, Fms. ix. 497; Jungfrúin hafðisk vel við í ferðinni, x. 86; at fé hans mundi eigi hafask at betr at meðal-vetri, Grág. ii. 326.4. recipr., hafask orð við, to speak to one another; ok er þat ósiðlegt, at menn hafisk eigi orð við, Fs. 14; þar til er þeir hafask réttar tölur við, N. G. L. i. 182.II. part. hafandi is used in the sense of having conceived, being with child; þá verit hann varr við at hón var hafandi, 656 B. 14; hón skyldi verða hafandi at Guðs syni, id.; generally, allt þat er hafanda var lét burð sinn ok ærðisk, Fms. vii. 187; svá sem hón verðr at honum hafandi, Stj. 178; (hence barns-hafandi, being with child.)G. The word hafa is in the Icel., as in other Teut. languages, used as an auxiliary verb with a part. pass. of another verb, whereby a compound preterite and pluperfect are formed as follows:I. in transitive verbs with acc. the participle also was put in acc., agreeing in gender, number, and case with the objective noun or pronoun; this seems to have been a fixed rule in the earliest time, and is used so in all old poems down at least to the middle of the 11th century, to the time of Sighvat (circ. A. D. 990–1040), who constantly used the old form,—átt is an apostrophe for átta in the verse Ó. H. 81:1. references from poets, Gm. 5, 12, 16; þá er forðum mik fædda höfðu, Vsp. 2; hverr hefði lopt lævi blandit eðr ætt jötuns Óðs mey gefna, 29; þær’s í árdaga áttar höfðu, 60: ek hafða fengna konungs reiði, Ad. 3; en Grjótbjörn um gnegðan hefir, 18; mik hefir marr miklu ræntan, Stor. 10; þó hefir Míms-vinr mér um fengnar bölva bætr, 22: gaupur er Haraldr hafi sveltar, Hornklofi: Loka mær hefir leikinn allvald, Ýt. 7; sá hafði borinn brúna-hörg, 14; jarlar höfðu veginn hann, 15: ek hef orðinn ( found) þann guðföðr (verða is here used as trans.), Hallfred; höfum kera framðan, id.: hann hefir litnar, sénar, hár bárur, Ísl. ii. 223, thus twice in a verse of A. D. 1002; göngu hefik of gengna, Korm. (in a verse); hann hafði farna för, Hkr. i. (Glum Geirason); ek hefi talðar níu orustur, Sighvat; þú hefir vanðan þik, id.; ér hafit rekna þá braut, Ó. H. 63 (Óttar Svarti); hann hefir búnar okkr hendr skrautliga, Sighvat (Ó. H. 13); þeir hafa færð sín höfuð Knúti, id.; hvar hafit ér hugðan mér sess, id.; hafa sér kenndan enn nørðra heims enda, id.; Sighvatr hefir lattan gram, id.; hefir þú hamar um fólginn, Þkv. 7, 8; þú hefir hvatta okkr, Gkv. 6; ek hefi yðr brennda, Am. 39, cp. 56; hefi ek þik minntan, 81; hefir þú hjörtu tuggin, Akv. 36; hefir þú mik dvalðan, Hbl. 51; ek hefi hafðar þrár, I have had throes, Fsm. 51; en ek hann görvan hef-k, svá hefi ek studdan, 12 (verse 13 is corrupt); hann hefir dvalða þik, Hkv. Hjörv. 29; lostna, 30; mik hefir sóttan meiri glæpr, 32; ek hefi brúði kerna, id.; þú hefir etnar úlfa krásir, opt sár sogin, Hkv. 1. 36; sá er opt hefir örnu sadda, 35; hefir þú kannaða koni óneisa, 23; þá er mik svikna höfðut, Skv. 3. 55; hann hafði getna sonu, Bkv. 8; þann sal hafa halir um görvan, Fm. 42; bróður minn hefir þú benjaðan, 25; er hann ráðinn hefir, 37; sjaldan hefir þú gefnar vargi bráðir, Eg. (in a verse).2. references from prose; this old form has since been turned into an indecl. neut. sing. part. -it. The old form was first lost in the strong verbs and the weak verbs of the first conjugation: in the earliest prose both forms are used, although the indecl. is more freq. even in the prose writers, as Íb., the Heiðarv. S., the Miracle-book in Bs., Njála, Ó. H., (Thorodd seems only to use the old form,) as may be seen from the following references, Björn hafði særða þrjá menn, Nj. 262; hann mundi hana hafa gipta honum, 47; hann hafði þá leidda saman hestana, 264: ek hefi sendan mann, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 333; ek nefi senda menn, id.: hafa son sinn ór helju heimtan, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 337; en er þeir höfðu niðr settan sveininn, 349; hann hafði veidda fimm tegu fiska, 350: er þér hefir ílla neisu gorva, Ó. H. 107: þá hefi ek fyrri setta þá í stafrófi, Skálda (Thorodd) 161; þar hefi ek við görva þessa stafi fjóra, id.; hafa hann samsettan, 167: góða fylgd hefir þú mér veitta, Þorst Síðu H. 2: sagði, at Ólafr konungr hafði sendan hann, Bs. i. 11: Þyri, er hertogi hafði festa nauðga, Fms. x. 393 (Ágrip): hefi ek þá svá signaða ok magnaða, v. 236: hefir sólin gengna tvá hluti, en einn úgenginn, K. Þ. K. 92 (Lund’s Syntax, p. 12).β. again, neut. indecl., hana hafði átt fyrr Þoróddr, Ísl. ii. 192: hón hafði heimt húskarl sinn …, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 339; hann hefir ekki svá vel gyrt hest minn, 340; hefir þú eigi séð mik, 341; hve hann hafði lokkat hann. id.; gistingar hefi ek yðr fengit, 343: þeir höfðu haft úfrið ok orrostur, Íb. 12; hann hafði tekið lögsögu, 14: stafr er átt hafði Þorlákr, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 340; er þær höfðu upp tekit ketilinn ok hafit …, 342; göngu es hann hafði gingit, 344; es sleggjuna hafði niðr fellt, 346; sem maðr hefði nýsett (hana) niðr, id.; jartein þá er hann þóttisk fingit hafa, 347; hafði prestrinn fært fram sveininn, 349: hjálm er Hreiðmarr hafði átt, Edda 73: hafa efnt sína heitstrenging, Fms. (Jómsv. S.) xi. 141: slíkan dóm sem hann hafði mér hugat, Ó. H. 176, etc. passim:—at last the inflexion disappeared altogether, and so at the present time the indecl. neut. sing. is used throughout; yet it remains in peculiar instances, e. g. konu hefi eg mér festa, Luke xiv. 20, cp. Vídal. ii. 21. ☞ This use of the inflexive part. pass. may often serve as a test of the age of a poem, e. g. that Sólarljóð was composed at a later date may thus be seen from verses 27, 64, 72, 73, 75, 79; but this test is to be applied with caution, as the MSS. have in some cases changed the true forms (-inn, -ann, and -it, -an being freq. abbreviated in the MSS. so as to render the reading dubious). In many cases the old form is no doubt to be restored, e. g. in vegit to veginn, Fm. 4, 23; búit to búinn, Hkv. Hjörv. 15; borit to borinn, Hkv. 1. 1; beðit to beðinn, Fsm. 48; orðit to orðin, Og. 23; roðit to roðinn, Em. 5; brotið to brotinn, Vkv. 24, etc.: but are we to infer from Ls. 23, 26, 33, that this poem is of a comparatively late age?II. the indecl. neut. sing. is, both in the earliest poems and down to the present day, used in the following cases:1. with trans. verbs requiring the dat. or gen.; ek hefi fengit e-s, hann hafði fengit konu; hafa hefnt e-s, Fms. xi. 25; sú er hafði beðit fjár, Þkv. 32; stillir hefir stefnt mér, Hkv. Hjörv. 33, and so in endless cases.2. in the reflex. part. pass.; þeir (hann) hafa (hefir) látisk, farisk, sagsk, etc.3. in part. of intrans. neut. verbs, e. g. þeir þær (hann, hón), hafa (hefir) setið, staðit, gengit, legit, farit, komit, verit, orðit, lifað, dáit, heitið …, also almost in every line both of prose and poetry.4. in trans. verbs with a neut. sing. in objective case the difference cannot be seen.☞ The compound preterite is common to both the Romance and Teutonic languages, and seems to be older in the former than in the latter; Grimm suggests that it originated with the French, and thence spread to the Teutons. That it was not natural to the latter is shewn by the facts, thatα. no traces of it are found in Gothic, nor in the earliest Old High German glossaries to Latin words.β. in the earliest Scandinavian poetry we can trace its passage from declinable to indeclinable.γ. remains are left in poetry of a primitive uncompounded preterite infinitive, e. g. stóðu = hafa staðit, mundu, skyldu, vildu, etc., see Gramm. p. xxv, col. 2. ☞ We may here note a curious dropping of the verb hefir, at ek em kominn hingat til lands, ok verit áðr ( having been) langa hríð utan-lands, Ó. H. 31, cp. Am. 52; barn at aldri, en vegit slíka hetju sem Þorvaldr var, Glúm. 382. On this interesting matter see Grimm’s remarks in his Gramm. iv. 146 sqq. -
63 TAKA
* * *I)(tek; tók, tókum; tekinn), v.1) to take, catch, seize (tóku þeir laxinn ok otrinn ok báru með sér);G. tók inni vinstri hendi spjótit á lopti, G. caught the spear with his left hand;man hón taka fé okkart allt með ráni, she will take all our goods by force;taka e-n höndum, to seize one, take captive;tökum vápn vár, let us take to our weapons;2) fig., taka trú, to take the faith, become a Christian;taka skírn, to be baptized;taka hvíld, to take a rest;taka flótta, to take to flight;taka rœðu, umrœðu, to begin a parley;taka ráð, to take a counsel (= taka til ráðs);taka e-n orðum, to address one;taka sættir or sættum, to accept terms;taka þenna kost, to take this choice;taka stefnu, to fix a meeting;taka boði, to accept an offer;taka sótt, to be taken ill;taka úgleði, to get out of spirits;taka andviðri, to meet with contrary winds;taka konung, to take, elect a king;taka konu, to take a wife;taka úkunna stigu, to take to unknown ways;taka e-n or e-m vel, to receive one well;taka e-t þvert, to take a thing crossly, deny flatly;taka upp höndum, to raise the hands;3) to reach, stretch forth, touch;fremri hyrnan tók viðbeinit, the upper horn caught the collar bone;því at ek tek eigi heim í kveld, for I shall not reach home to-night;hárit tók ofan á belti, the hair came down to her waist;4) to reach and take harbour (þeir tóku land á Melrakka-sléttu);5) to take, hold, of a vessel (ketill, er tók tvær tunnur);6) to be equivalent to, be worth (hringrinn tók tólf hundruð mórend);7) with infin., to begin (hann tók at yrkja, þegar er hann var ungr);nú taka öll húsin at lóga, now the whole house began to blaze;impers., þá tók at lægja veðrit, then the wind began to fall;8) to touch, regard, concern (þat allt, sem leikmenn tekr);9) to catch (up), come up with (hann var allra manna fóthvatastr, svá at engi hestr tók hann á rás);10) to start, rush (Eirikr tók út or stofunni, en konungr bað menn hlaupa eptir honum);taka á rás, taka frá, to take to running, run away (svá illt sem nú er frá at taka, þá mun þó síðarr verra);11) impers. it is taken;þá tók af veðrit (acc.) then the storm abated;kom á fótinn, svá at af tók, the stroke came on his leg, so that it was cut off;sýnina tekr frá e-m, one becomes blind;tók út skip Þangbrands, Th.’s ship drifted out;um várit er sumarhita tók, when the summer heat set in;12) with preps, and advs., taka e-n af lífi, lífdögum, taka e-n af, to take one’s life, put to death;taka e-n af nafni ok veldi, to deprive one of his title and power;taka af hesti, to take (the saddle) off a horse;taka e-t af e-m, to take a thing from one, deprive one of (er vér tókum seglit af honum, þá grét hann);taka af sér ópit, to cease weeping;taka e-t af e-m, to get frotn one (tekr hann af öllu fólki mikil lof);taka mikinn (mikil), lítinn (lítil) af e-u, to make (say) much, little of;hón tók lítil af öllu, she said little about it, took it coldly;øngan tek ek af um liðveizlu við þik, I will not pledge myself as to helping thee;taka e-t af, to choose, take;G. bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir engi af taka, G. made thee good offers, but thou wouldst take none of them;fara sem fœtr mega af taka, at the top of one’s speed;hann sigldi suðr sem af tók, as fast as possible;to abolish, do away with (lagði á þat allan hug al taka af heiðni ok fornar venjur);taka e-t aptr, to take back, render void (taka aptr þat, er ek gef); to recall (taka aptr orð, heil sín);taka á e-u, to touch (hón tók á augum hans);taka vel, auðvelliga, lítt, illa á e-u, to take (a thing) well, in good part, ill, in ill part (fluttu þeir þetta fyrir jarli, en hann tók vel á);taka e-t á sik, to take upon oneself (kvaðst heldr vilja taka þat á sik at gefa honum annát augat);tóku þeir á sik svefn mikinn, they fell fast asleep;taka arf eptir e-n, to inherit one;taka e-t eptir, to get in return;með því at þú gerir svá, sem ek býð þér, skaltu nökkut eptir taka, thou shalt have some reward;taka e-t frá e-m, to take a thing away from one (þeir tóku spjótin frá þeim ok báru út á ána);taka e-n frá e-u, to deprive one of (taka e-n frá landi, ríki);taka e-t fyrir e-t, to take in return for (hann keypti sveinana ok tók fyrir þá vesl gott ok slagning); to take for, look upon as (lökum vér þat allt fyrir satt; því tek ek þat fyrir gaman);taka fyrir e-t, to refuse (tók E. eigi fyrir útanferð at sumri);taka hendi í e-t, to thrust one’s hand into;taka í hönd e-m, to shake hands with one;taka í móti, to offer resistance (þeir brendu víða bygðina, en bœndr tóku ekki í móti);taka niðr, to pull down, demolish (taka niðr til grundvallar allt þat verk); to graze a little, = taka til jarðar (þeir láta nú taka niðr hesta sína);taka niðri, to touch (feel) the bottom;taka ofan, to take down (Högni tekr ofan atgeirinn); to pull down (hann hafði látil taka ofan skála sinn);taka í sundr, to cut asunder;impers., slœmdi sverðinu til hans, svá at í sundr tók manninn, so that the man was cleft asunder;taka til e-s, to take to (tóku þá margir til at níða hann);taka til máls (orðs, orða), to begin to speak;nú er þar til máls at taka, at, now we must take up the story at this point, that;taka til varnar, to begin the defence;taka til e-s, to have recourse to, resort to (taka e-t til ráðs, bragðs); to concern (þetta mál, er til konungs tók);láta e-t til sín taka, to let it concern oneself, meddle with (Gísli lét fátt til sín taka);taka e-n til e-s, to choose, elect (Ólafr var til konungs tekinn um allt land);absol., taka til, to begin (hann hélt allt austr um Svínasund, þá tók til vald Svíakonungs);taka e-t til, to take to, do;ef hann tekr nökkut illt til, if he takes to any ill;taka um e-t, to take hold of, grasp (nú skaltu taka um fót honum);taka e-t undan, to take away;impers., undan kúnni tók nyt alla, the cow ceased to give milk;taka undan, to run away, escape (B. tók undan með rás);taka undir e-t, to take hold under a thing;hann tók undir kverkina ok kyssti hana, he took her by the chin and kissed her;to undertake, take upon oneself;H. kvaðst ekki taka mundu undir vandræði þeira, H. said he would have nothing to do with their troubles;taka undir e-t með e-m, to back, help one in a thing (vil ek, at þér takit undir þetta mál með mér);þau tóku undir þetta léttiliga, they seconded it readily;hann tók seinliga undir, he was slow to answer;taka undir, to echo, resound (fjöllin tóku undir);taka e-t undir sik, to take on hand (Gizurr tók undir sik málit); to lay hold of (hann tekr undir sik eignir þær, er K. átti í Noregi);taka e-t upp, to pick up (S. tók upp hanzka sinn);taka upp fé fyrir e-m, to seize on, confiscate;taka upp borð, to set up the tables before a meal, but also to remove them after a meal;taka upp bygð sína, to remove one’s abode;hón tekr mart þat upp, er fjarri er mínum vilja, she takes much in hand that is far from my will;drykk ok vistir, svá sem skipit tók upp, as the ship could take;taka upp ný goðorð, to establish new priesthoods;taka upp verknað, to take up work;taka upp stœrð, to take to pride;taka upp sök, to take up a case;taka upp draum, to interpret a dream;taka e-t upp, to choose (seg nú skjótt, hvern kost þú vill upp taka);absol., taka upp, to extend, rise (rekkjustokkr tekr upp á millum rúma okkarra);taka út, to run out (E. tók út ór stofunni);taka við e-u, to receive (A. hafði tekit við föðurarf sínum);taka vel við e-m, to receive one well, give one a hearty welcome;taka við trú, to take the faith;þeir tóku vel við, they made a bold resistance;tók við hvárr af öðrum, one took up where the other left off;taka yfir e-t, to extend over (hann skal eignast af Englandi þat, sem uxahúð tekr yfir);impers. to come to an end, succeed (kveðst nú vænta, at nú mundi yfir taka);þeir munu allt til vinna at yfir taki við oss, to get the better of us;13) refl., takast;f.1) taking, capture, of a fortress, prisoner;2) taking, seizing, of property;* * *pres. tek, tekr; tökum, takit, taka; pret. tók, tókt (tókst), tók, pl. tóku; subj. tæki (tœki); imperat. tak, taktú; part. tekinn: with neg. suff. tek’k-at ek, I take not, Kristni S. (in a verse); tak-a-ttu, take thou not, Fas. i. (in a verse); tekr-at, Grág. (Kb.) i. 9: [Ulf. têkan, pret. taitok = απτεσθαι; Swed. take; Dan. tage, sounded tā, ‘du tar det ikke, vil du ta det;’ Engl. take is a word borrowed from the Dan., which gradually displaced the Old Engl. niman.]A. To take hold of, seize, grasp; taka sér alvæpni, Eg. 236; tóku menn sér þar byrðar ok báru út, Egill tók undir hönd sér mjöð-drekku, 237; nú taki hest minn, ok skal ek ríða eptir honum, 699; tóku þeir skíð sín ok stigu á, 545; hann tók inni vinstri hendi spjótið ok skaut, Nj. 42; lauk upp kistu ok tók upp góð kvennmanna-klæði, Ld. 30; hann tekr nú bogann, … tekr nú kaðal einn, Fas. ii. 543; taka upp net, K. Þ. K. 90; hross skal maðr taka ok teyma ok hepta, þótt heilagt sé, id.2. to seize; þeir tóku þar herfang mikit, Nj. 43; tóku skipit ok allt þat er á var, Fms. vii. 249; þeir tóku þar skútu, viii. 438; tóku skip hans, landtjald, klæði, ix. 275; taka fé okkat allt með ráni, Nj. 5; engi maðr skal fyrir öðrum taka, Gþl. 473; hann leiddi þik til arfs … munu taka óvinir þínir ef þú kemr eigi til, Nj. 4; þeir tóku bæinn, seized, Sturl. ii. 149; kona hafði tekit ( stolen) … ok vildi hann refsa henni, Fms. vii. 330.3. to catch; Skotar munu hafa tekit njósnir allar, Nj. 126; standi menn upp ok taki hann, 130; hann skyldi taka hundinn, 114; þeir tóku á sundi mann einn, Fms. vii. 225; gröf, at taka í dýr, Flóv. 33; taka höndum, to lay hold of, take captive, Nj. 114, 275; in a good sense, Fms. x. 314.4. taka e-n af lífi, to take one from life, Fms. x. 3, Eg. 70; taka e-n af lífdögum, id., Fms. vii. 204: ellipt., taka af (af-taka), to take one off, put to death, Js. 23; taka e-n af nafni ok veldi, to deprive of …, Eg. 268; tóku þeir af eignum jarla konungs, Fms. i. 6: taka af e-m, to take a thing from one, x. 421, Nj. 103, 131, Eg. 120, Ld. 288; taka frá e-m, to take from, off, Nj. 253, K. Þ. K. 48; taka ofan, to take down, pull down, Nj. 119, 168; taka ór, to set apart, 232; taka undir sik, to take under oneself, subject, Fms. x. 24: to take charge of, Nj. 110, Eg. 725: taka upp, to take up, pick up, assume, 23.5. to take, grasp; taka í hönd e-m, to shake hands, Nj. 129; taka á lopti, to interrupt, Fms. x. 314; taka í ketil, of the ordeal, Grág. i. 381, Gkv. 3. 7; taka í jörð, to graze, of an animal, Bs. i. 338; jó lætr til jarðar taka, Skm. 15; skulu þér láta taka niðr hesta yðra, to graze a little, Band. 14 new Ed.; tók einn þeirra niðr í sinn klæðsekk, Stj.II. metaph., taka upphaf, to begin, Hom. 49; taka vöxt ok þroska, to increase, Rb. 392; taka konungdóm, Eg. 646; taka ráð, 49; taka skírn, 770; taka trú, to take the faith, become a Christian, Nj. 273; taka hvíld, to take rest, 43, 115; taka á sik svefn, 252; taka ræðu, to begin a parley, Eg. 578; taka umræðu, id., Nj. 146; þau taka þá tal, Ld. 72, Fms. ii. 254; taka nærri sér, see nær l. 2; taka á sik göngu, Fbr. 101 new Ed.; taka á sik svefn, Nj.; taka eld, to light a fire, 199; taka e-n orðum, to address; taka í sætt, to receive into reconciliation, Eg. 168; taka sættir, to accept terms, id. (also taka sættum, id.); taka þenna kost, 280; taka samheldi, Fms. ix. 344; ok tóku þat fastliga, at friðr skyldi standa, declared firmly that, x. 40, v. l.; taka stefnu, to fix a meeting, xi. 400; tóku þeir stefnu í milli sín, 402; nú er svá tekið um allt landit, at …, fixed by law that …, Gþl. 275; þeir tóku fastmælum sín í milli, at …, Bret. 82; taki í lög, to take into fellowship, Fms. xi. 96; lög-taka, cp. lófa-tak, vápna-tak; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð enn þú vildir engi af taka, thou wouldst accept none of them, Nj. 77; tók hann þann kost af, at leggja allt á konungs vald, Fms. iv. 224; ok þat tóku þeir af, ix. 367; Ólafr kvaðsk þat mundu af taka, Ld. 72; taka e-t til ráðs, or taka ráðs, bragðs, to resort to, Nj. 75, 124, 199: also, taka e-t til, to resort to, 26, Fms. xi, 253, passim (til-tæki); taka mót, to receive, Edda 15; taka e-t við, to receive in return, Fms. ii. 269; taka bætr fyrir e-t, xi. 253; með því þú görir sem ek býð þér, skaltú nökkuð eptir taka, take some reward for it, Ld. 44; þat er bæði at vér róum hart, enda mun nú mikit eptir taka, a great reward, Finnb. 232 (eptir-tekja); taka fæðu, to take food; taka corpus Domini, Mar.; taka samsæti, Fms. ii. 261; taka arf, Eg. 34; taka erfð, Gþl. 241; taka fé eptir föður sinn, Fms. xi. 47; taka laun, Nj. 68; taka veizlu, to take, receive a veizla (q. v.), Fms. xi. 239; konungr … hann tekr ( receives) af mörgum, skal hann því mikit gefa, 217; taka mikit lof, x. 367; taka helgun af Guði, Rb. 392; taka heilsu, to recover, Stj. 624; ek skal taka hæði-yrði af þér, Nj. 27; taka af honum rán ok manntjón, Ld. 64; taka úskil af íllum mönnum, Greg. 44; taka píslir ok dauða, 656 B. 30; drap hann þar menn nökkura, þótti mönnum hart at taka þat af útlendum manni, Bs. i. 19; þeir tóku mikinn andróða, Fms. viii. 438; taka andviðri, Eg. 87; þeir tóku norðan-veðr hörð, were overtaken by, Nj. 124; taka sótt, to be taken sick or ill (North E. to take ill), 29, Fms. xi. 97, Eg. 767; taka þyngd. id., Ísl. ii. 274; taka fótar-mein, Nj. 219; taka úgleði, to get out of spirits, Eg. 322; hann tók þá fáleika ok úgleði, Fms. vii. 103; hann tók langt kaf, 202; taka arftaki, to adopt, Grág. i. 232; taka konung, to take, elect a king, Fms. ix. 256; taka konu, to take a wife, x. 397; hann kvángaðisk ok tók bróður-dóttur þess manns er Finnr hét, 406; tók Magnús konungr Margrétu, 413; taka konu brott nauðga, to carry off a woman, Grág. i. 353; tók hann þá til háseta, he hired them, Eg. 404; taka far or fari, Landn. 307, Grág. ii. 406 (far, ii. 3); taka úkunna stigu, to take to unknown ways, Fms. viii. 30; taka ferð, to start, Stj.; taka til konungs, or the like, Eg. 367, 400, Fms. vii. 252; taka til siðar, Sks. 313; taka e-n vel, to receive well; ok taki ér, herra, vel þá Hjalta ok Gizur, Bs. i. 19; tók Skota-konungr hann vel, Fms. xi. 419; taka e-t þvert, to take a thing crossly, deny flatly, Nj. 26; taka fyrir e-t, to stop, interrupt, refuse, Fms. x. 251.III. to reach, stretch forth, touch; hann beit skarð, allt þat er tennr tóku, Eg. 605; eigi djúpara enn þeim tók undir hendr, Ld. 78; skurðrinn tók á framan-verðan bakkann, Krók.; hyrnan tók andlitið, Nj. 253; rödd tekr eyru, Skálda 175; döggskórinn tók niðr akrinn upp-standanda, Fas. i. 173; hafði flóð tekit þær, swept them away, Fms. xi. 393; spjót langskept svá at vel taki skipa meðal, Sks. 385; nef hans tók austr til landsenda … véli-fjarðar tóku norðr í Finnabú, Fms. viii. 10; tekr mörkin náliga allt it efra suðr, Eg. 58; þvíat ekki tek ek heim í kveld, Nj. 275; mun ek taka þangat í dag? Hbl.; bóndans bót tekr fyrir ( encompasses) konu, hans ok börn ok hjón, N. G. L. i. 341; taka niðri, to take the ground, of a ship or thing floating, Fas. iii. 257; svá at upp tekr um klaufir, Boll. 336; at eigi tæki hann (acc.) regnit, Stj. 594; skulu vér varask, at eigi taki oss þau dæmi, Hom. 70; svá mikit er uxa-húð tekr yfir, Fas. i. 288; nær því er þú sér at taka mun en ekki ór hófi, Sks. 21; hundr bundinn svá at taki eigi til manna, Grág. ii. 119; taka höndum upp, to lift up hands, Bs. i. 735, Edda 22; ek sé fram undir brekkuna, at upp taka spjóts-oddar fimtán, Finnb. 286; þetta smíði (Babel) tók upp ór veðrum, Edda 146 (pref.); hárit tók ofan á belti, Nj. 2; stöpul er til himins tæki, 645. 71; hér til tekr en fyrsta bók, reaches here, 655 vii. 4; taka mátti hendi til fals, Eg. 285; þeir tóku fram árum, took the oars, Fms. vii. 288; smeygði á sik ok tók út höndunum, 202; þeir tóku undun, to escape, viii. 438: to reach, land, take harbour, gaf honum vel byri ok tóku Borgarfjörð, Nj. 10; tóku þeir Friðar-ey, 268; þeir tóku land á Melrakka-sléttu, Ísl. ii. 246; byrjaði vel ok tóku Noreg, Ld. 72, 310; tóku þar land sem heitir Vatnsfjörðr, Landn. 30: ellipt., hann tók þar sem nú heitir Herjólfs-höfn, id.; þeir tóku fyrir sunnan land, 175.2. to take, hold, of a vessel; ketill or tók tvær tunnur, Fb. i. 524; lands þess er tæki ( of the value of) fjóra tigi hundraða, Sturl. i. 98, v. l.; hringrinn tók tólf hundruð mórend, Nj. 225: so in the phrase, það tekr því ekki, it is not worth the while; þann enn eina grip er hann átti svá at fé tæki, the sole object of value he had, Bs. i. 636.3. spec. usages; fara sem fætr mega af taka, Finnb. 288; konur æpa sem þær megu mest af taka, Al. 47, (aftak, aftaka-veðr, q. v.), Karl. 109, 196; fóru hvárir-tveggju sem af tók, went as fast as possible, Fms, iv. 304; hann sigldi suðr sem af tók, Eg. 93: in the phrase, taka mikinn, lítinn … af e-u, to make much, little of, take it to heart or lightly; mikit tekr þú af þessu, thou takest it much to heart, Lv. 10; öngan tek ek af um liðveizlu við þik, I will not pledge myself as to helping thee, Ld. 105; eigi töku vér mikit af at tortryggva þá bók, þótt mart sé undarligt í sagt, we will not strongly question the truth of the book, although many wonders are told therein, Sks. 78; Óspakr kvað hana mikit af taka, said he used very strong language, Ld. 216; mikinn tekr þú af, segir konungr, thou settest much by it, said the king, Fms. vi. 206: munda ek sýnu minna hafa af tekit ef ek væra údrukkinn, I would have kept a better tongue, xi. 112; Þórvarðr tók eigi af fyrir útanferð sína, did not quite refuse the going abroad, Sturl. iii. 244; hann kvaðsk eigi taka mega af því hvat mælt væri, he did not much mind what folks said, Nj. 210; hón tók lítið af öllu, said little about it, took it coolly, Eg. 322; tók hann minna af enn áðr við Íslendinga, he spoke not so strongly of them as he used to do, Glúm. 328; ok er sendi-menn kómu tók hann lítið af, Fms. x. 101; Flosi svaraði öllu vel, en tók þó lítið af, F. gave a civil but reserved answer, Nj. 180.IV. with prepp.; taka af hesti, to take (the saddle) off a horse, Nj. 4, 179; taka af sér ópit, to cease weeping, Ölk. 35; taka skriðinn af skipinu, Fms. ii. 305; taka e-t af, to abolish, vii. 1, x. 152, Ísl. ii. 258:—taka á e-u, to touch (á-tak), Nj. 118; þegar sem nær þeim er komit ok á þeim tekit, Stj. 76; sá er tekr fyrst á funa, Gm.; þat er ok, áðr þeir taki á dómum sinum ( ere they deliver sentence), at þeir skolu eið vinna áðr, Grág. i. 64; taka vel, auðvelliga, lítt, ekki vel, ílla … á e-u, to take a thing so and so, take it well, in good part, ill, in ill part, etc., Ld. 50, 248, Fms. xi. 124, Nj. 206, 265; Gunnarr talaði fátt um ok tók á öngu úlíkliga, 40; tak glaðan á ( cheerfully) við konunginn, Fms. xi. 112; þeir höfðu sagt hversu hann hafði á tekit þeim feðgum, Rd. 284; Leifr tekr á þessu eigi mjök, Fb. ii. 397; tók Börkr (á) því seinliga, Eb. 15 new Ed.:—taka eptir, to notice, observe, Sturl. i. 2 (eptir-tekt):—taka móti, to withstand, resist, Nj. 261, Fms. ix. 307, 513 (mót-tak):—taka með, to reserve, accept, iv. 340, xi. 427 (með-taka): taka við, hann tókþar ok við mörg önnur dæmi, bæði konunga æfi, he tacked to it many records, the lives of kings, etc., Ó. H. (pref.): this isolated phrase has led editors (but wrongly) to substitute hann ‘jók’ þar við:—taka aptr, to take back, render void, undo, Bs. i. 631, Nj. 191, Sks. 775; eigi má aptr taka unnit verk, a saying, Fms. ii. 11: to recall, unsay, mun ek þau orð eigi aptr taka, Ld. 42, Fms. ii. 253:—taka í, to pull off; taktu í hann, to pull his stocking off:—taka um, to take hold of, grasp, Eg. 410, Hkr. ii. 322:—taka upp, to pick up, assume; niðr at fella ok upp at taka, 625. 68, Eg. 23; taka upp borð, to put up the tables before a meal; tekr upp borð ok setr fyrir þá Butralda, Fbr. 37; vóru borð upp tekin um alla stofuna ok sett á vist, Eg. 551: but also to remove them after a meal (= taka borð ofan), 408, Hkr. ii. 192, Fms. i. 41, Orkn. 246 (see borð II); taka upp vist, to put food on the table, Vm. 168; taka upp bygð sína, to remove one’s abode, passim; taka upp, of a body, to take up, disinter, Hkr. ii. 388; taka upp, to seize on, confiscate, Nj. 73, 207, Ld. 38, Eg. 73; þeir tóku upp ( laid waste) þorp þat er heitir Tuma-þorp, Fms. i. 151; var þá tekin upp bygð Hrolleifs, Fs. 34; hón tekr þat mart upp er fjarri er mínum vilja, Nj. 6l; at þú gefir ró reiði ok takir þat upp er minnst vandræði standi af, 175; taka upp verknað, to take up work, Ld. 34; taka upp stærð, to take to pride, Fms. x. 108; halda upp-teknu efni, i. 263; taka upp sök, mál, to take up a case, Nj. 31, 71, 231: to interpret, eigi kann ek öðruvís at ráða þenna draum … glíkliga er upp tekit, Sturl. iii. 216; ok skal svá upp taka ‘síks glóð,’ þat er ‘gull,’ Edda 127; kvæði, ef þau eru rétt kveðin ok skynsamliga upp tekin, Hkr. (pref.); tók hann svá upp, at honum væri eigi úhætt, Fms. ix. 424; drykk ok vistir svá sem skipit tók upp, as the ship could take, iv. 92; er þat skip mikit, ok mun þat taka oss upp alla, Nj. 259; þat hjóna er meira lagði til félags skal meira upp taka, Gþl. 220; þótti þeim í hönd falla at taka upp land þetta hjá sér sjálfum, Ld. 210; skal sá sem at Kálfafelli býr taka upp vatn at sínum hlut, Vm. 168; taka upp giptu hjá Dana-konungi, Fms. xi. 426; taka upp goðorð, Nj. 151, 168, Grág. i. 24; taka upp þing. Ann. 1304 ( to restore); tókusk þá upp lög ok landsréttr, Fs. 27; taka upp vanda, Fms. vii. 280:—taka til, to take to; hefna svá at ekki fýsi annan slík firn til at taka, 655 xiii. A. 3; tóku margir þá til at níða hann, Bs. i; taka til ráða, ráðs, bragðs, Nj. 19, 75, 124; hann tók til ráða skjótt, 19; enn þó munu vér þat bragðs taka, 199; hvat skal nú til ráða taka, 124; ef hann tekr nökkut íllt til, 26; hverja úhæfu er hann tekr til, Fms. xi. 253; taka til máls, to take to talking, Nj. 16, 71; taka til orðs, or orða, 122, 230, 264; hann tók nú til at segja söguna, to take to telling a story; taka til varnar, to begin the defence, Grág. i. 60, Nj. 271; nú er þar til at taka, at …, 74; er blót tóku til, Landn. 111; þá tók til ríki Svía-konungs, Fms. iv. 118; um Slésvík þar sem Dana-ríki tók til, xi. 417: to concern, þat mun taka til yðar, Hom. 150; þetta mál er til konungs tók, Fms. xi. 105; láta til sín taka, to let it concern oneself, meddle with, Band. 23 new Ed.; Gísl lét fátt til sín taka, Fms. vii. 30; vil ek nú biðja þik at þú létir ekki til þín taka um tal várt, Nj. 184: to have recourse to, þú tekr eigi til þeirra liðsinnis ef ekki þarf, Fms. vii. 17, Grág. i. 41; taka til segls, Eg. 573, Fms. ix. 22; taka til sunds, 24; taka til e-s, to note, mark, with dislike:—taka undir, to take under a thing; hann tók undir kverkina, took her by the chin, Nj. 2; þá tók Egill undir höfða-hlut Skalla-grími, Eg. 398: to undertake, þat mál er þeir skyldi sjálfir undir taka, Hkr. i. 266; þá skal hann taka undir þá sömu þjónostu, Ó. H. 120: to back, second, hann kvaðsk ekki mundu taka undir vandræði þeirra, Nj. 182; undir þann kviðling tók Rúnolfr goði, ok sótti Hjalta um goðgá, Bs. i. 17: ek mun taka undir með þér ok styðja málit, Fms. xi. 53; hann tók ekki undir þat ráð, Fb. ii. 511; þau tóku undir þetta léttliga, seconded it readily, Ld. 150; hann tók seinliga undir, Nj. 217; hann hafði heyrt tal þeirra ok tók undir þegar, ok kvað ekki saka, Ld. 192: göra tilraun hversu þér tækit undir þetta, Fb. i. 129: to echo, blésu herblástr svá at fjöllin tóku undir, Fas. i. 505; taka undir söng, to accompany singing:—taka við, to receive; nú tóktú svá við sverði þessu, Fms. i. 15; siðan hljópu menn hans, enn hann túk við þeim, 105; jörð tekr við öldri, Hm.; til þess er akkerit tók við, grappled, took hold, Dan. holde igen, Fms. x. 135. v. l.; þar til er sjár tók við honum, Edda 153 (pref.); taka við ríki, Eg. 241, Fms. i. 7; taka við trú, Nj. 158, 159; taka við handsölum á e-u, 257; ef maðr görr við at taka við dæmdum úmaga, Grág. i. 258; taka vel við e-m, to receive well, Nj. 5; ekki torleiði tekr við yðr, no obstacle stops you, Al. 120; þeir tóku við vel ok vörðusk, made a bold resistance, Fms. i. 104; eggjuðu sumir at við skyldi taka, vii. 283; at þeir skyldi verja landit, en þeir vildu eigi við taka, xi. 386; ganga fram á mel nökkurn, ok segir Hrútr at þeir mundu þar við taka, Ld. 62; þar stóð steinn einn mikill, þar bað Kjartan þá við taka, 220; seg þú æfi-sögu þína, Ásmundr, en þá skal Egill við taka, tell thy life’s tale, Asmund, and then shall Egil take his turn, Fas. iii. 374; tók við hvárr af öðrum, one took up where the other left off:—taka yfir, hann vildi eigi til ráða nema hann ætlaði at yfir tæki, Fms. iv. 174; þeir munu allt til vinna, at yfir taki með oss, Nj. 198; at eyrendi þeirra skyldi eigi lyktuð né yfir tekin, Fms. iv. 224.V. to take to, begin:1. with infin., tóku menn at binda sár sín, Eg. 93; hann tók at yrkja þegar er hann var ungr, 685; hans afli tók at vaxa, Fms. viii. 47; á þeim veg er ek tæka ganga, Sks. 3; taka at birtask, 568; tekr at dimma, birta … rigna, it gets dim, takes to darken … rain; allt þat er hann tekr at henda, Nj. 5; þá tók at lægja veðrit, 124; tók þá at morna, 131; tók þá at nátta, Fms. ix. 54; kvölda tekr = Lat. vesperascit, Luke xxiv. 29.2. in other phrases, taka á rás, to take to running, to run, Nj. 253, Eg. 216, 220, Eb. 62 (hófu á rás, 67 new Ed.), Hrafn. 7: ellipt., tók bogmaðr ok hans menn á land upp undan, they took to the inland and escaped, Fms. ix. 275; tók hann þegar upp um brú, viii. 169; svá íllt sem nú er frá at taka (to escape, shun), þá mun þó síðarr verr, Fs. 55; taka flótta, to take to flight, Hm. 30; Eirekr tók út ór stofunni, took out of the room, ran out, Sturl. ii. 64; þeir tóku út eitt veðr allir, stood out to sea with the same wind, Fb. ii. 243.VI. with dat., to take to, receive (perh. ellipt. for taka við- e-u); jarl tók vel sendi-mönnum ok vináttu-málum konungs, Fms. i. 53; konungr tók honum vel ok blíðliga, vii. 197; tekit mundu vér hafa kveðju þinni þóttú hefðir oss fyrri fagnat, Ld. 34; Grímr tók því seinliga, Eg. 764; Sigurðr tók því máli vel, 38, Fms. x. 2; konungr tók þá vel orðum Þórólfs, Eg. 44; hann tók því þakksamliga, Fms. i. 21; taka vel þeirra eyrendum, x. 33; Barði tók þessu vel, Ld. 236; Hákon tók því seinliga, Fms. i. 74; eigi mun konungr taka því þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, Eg. 59; tók Brynjólfr þá sættum fyrir Björn, 168; Njáll átti hlut at, at þeir skyldi taka sættum, Nj. 120; taka handsölum á fé, 257; taka heimildum á e-u, Fms. x. 45; taka fari, Grág. ii. 399, Nj. 111, 258 (see far); taka bóli, to take a farm (on lease), Gþl. 328, 354; mun ek máli taka fyrir alla Íslenzka menn þá er á skipi eru, speak for them, Bs. i. 421.VII. impers. it is taken; hann brá upp hendinni ok tók hana af honum ok höfuðit af konunginum, Nj. 275; ok tók af nasarnar, Fms. x. 135, v. l.; þá tók af veðrit (acc.), the weather ‘took up’ (as is said in North of England), the storm abated. Fas. i. 157; svá at þar tæki af vega alla, all roads were stopped, Fms, iii. 122; af þeim tók málit ok görask úfærir, Fas. ii. 549; kom á höndina fyrir ofan úlflið svá at af tók, Nj. 84; kom á fótinn svá at af tók, 123; þá tók efa af mörgum manni, Fms. iii. 8; sýnina tekr frá e-m, to become blind, x. 339; undan kúnni tók nyt alla, Eb. 316; jafnskjótt tók ór verkinn allan, Fms. iv. 369; tók út skip Þangbrands ór Hitará, she drifted out, Bs. i. 15; í þat mund dags er út tók eykðina, when the time of ‘eykð’ was nearly passed, Fms. xi. 136; um várit er sumar-hita tók, when the summer heat set in, Fs. 67; réru svá skjótt at ekki tók (viz. þá) á vatni, Fms. vii. 344.2. as a naut. term, to clear, weather a point; veðr var litið ok tók þeim skamt frá landi, the weather was still, and they kept close in shore, Fms. vi. 190: hence the mod. naut. phrase, e-m tekr, to clear, weather; mér tók fyrir nesit, I cleared, weathered the ness; vindr þver, svo að þeim tekr ekki.3. þar er eigi of tekr torf eðr grjót, where neither is at hand, Grág. ii. 262; þau dæmi tekr til þessa máls, the proofs of this are, that when …, Hom. 127.B. Reflex., takask mikit á hendr, to take much in hand, Band. 3, Nj. 228, Fms. i. 159; tókumk ek þat á hendr, xi. 104; láta af takask, to let oneself be deprived of, Eg. 296; takask e-n á hendr.2. to be brought about, take effect, succeed; cp. þykkir mikit í hættu hversu þér teksk, Ld. 310; þat tóksk honum, he succeeded, Bárð. 167; tekst þá tveir vilja, it succeeds when two will, i. e. joint efforts prevail, a saying:—takask til, to happen; Ásgrími tóksk svá til (it so happened to A.), sem sjaldan var vant, at vörn var í máii hans, Nj. 92; ef svá vill til takask. Fas. i. 251; svá erviðliga sem þeim hafði til tekizk at herja á þá feðga, Fms. i. 184; mér hefir úgiptuliga tekizk, Ld. 252; þætti mér allmiklu máli skipta at þér tækisk stórmannliga, that thou wouldst behave generously, Hkr. ii. 32; hefir þetta svá tekizk sem ván var at, er hann var barn at aldri, 268.3. to take place, begin; tóksk orrosta, Nj. 8; teksk þar orrosta, 122; ráð takask, of a marriage; en ef þá takask eigi ráðin, if the wedding takes not place then, Grág. i. 311; lýkr svá at ráðin skyldi takask, 99; ráð þau skyldi takask at öðru sumri, Eg. 26, Fms. x. 40: to be realised, hvatamaðr at þessi ferð skyldi takask, Ld. 240; síðan er mægð hafdi tekizk með þeim, since they had intermarried, Eg. 37; takask með þeim góðar ástir, they came to love one another much, of newly-married people, passim; féráns dómr teksk, Grág. i. 95; takask nú af heimboðin, to cease, Ld. 208; ok er allt mál at ættvíg þessi takisk af, 258.II. recipr., takask orðum, to speak to one another, Fms. xi. 13; ok er þeir tókusk at orðum, spurði hann …, Eg. 375; bræðr-synir takask arf eptir, entreat one another, Gþl. 241; ef menn takask fyrir árar eða þiljur, take from one another, 424: takask á, to wrestle, Bárð. 168; takask fangbrögðum, Ld. 252, Ísl. ii. 446: takask í hendr, to shake hands, Grág. i. 384, Nj. 3, 65.III. part. tekinn; vóru þá tekin ( stopped) öll borgar-hlið ok vegar allir, at Norðmönnum kæmi engi njósn, Fms. vi. 411: Steinþórr var til þess tekinn, at …, S. was particularly named as …, Eb. 32, 150; hann var til þess tekinn, at honum var verra til hjóna en öðrum mönnum, Grett. 70 new Ed. (cp. mod. usage, taka til e-s, to wonder at): lá hann ok var mjök tekinn, very ill, Sturl. i. 89: Álfhildr var þungliga tekin, ok gékk henni nær dauða, Fms. iv. 274; hann var mjök tekinn ok þyngdr af líkþrá, ii. 229; þú ert Ílla at tekin fyrir vanheilsu sakir, vii. 244; ú-tekin jörð, an untaken, unclaimed estate, Sturl. iii. 57, Gþl. 313.2. at af teknum þeim, except, Fms. x. 232; at af teknum úvinum sínum, 266, (Latinism.) -
64 aufeinander
Adv. (übereinander) on top of each other; (gegeneinander) against each other; (nacheinander) one after the other, one by one; aufeinander abgestimmt coordinated; Farben etc.: matching, in harmony; aufeinander angewiesen sein be dependent on each other, rely on each other; die Autos sind aufeinander aufgefahren the cars drove into ( oder collided with) each other; die Zähne aufeinander beißen press one’s teeth together; bei Schmerzen etc.: grit one’s teeth; Teile aufeinander drücken press parts together; aufeinander einschlagen smash into each other; aufeinander folgen follow each other; im Abstand von fünf Minuten aufeinander folgen occur (Busse etc.: run) every five minutes; aufeinander folgend successive, consecutive; während drei aufeinander folgender Tage auch for three days running; aufeinander häufen pile up; aufeinander hetzen (Hunde) set at ( oder on) each other; aufeinander legen (Bücher etc.) lay on top of each other, put in a pile; aufeinander liegen lie on top of each other; lie in a pile; aufeinander losgehen go for each other; aufeinander prallen oder stoßen collide, crash; fig. Personen, Meinungen: clash; aufeinander schichten / türmen (Dinge) put in layers / pile on top of the other; aufeinander treffen meet; Meinungen: clash, come into conflict; aufeinander zugehen walk towards ( oder approach) each other ( oder one another)* * *auf|ei|nạn|der [auf|ai'nandɐ]adv2)sich aufeinander verlassen können — to be able to rely on each other or one another
aufeinander zufahren — to drive toward(s) each other
See:= aufeinanderfolgend* * *auf·ei·nan·der[aufʔaiˈnandɐ]1. (räumlich) on top of each other [or one another2. (zeitlich) after each other3. (gegeneinander)\aufeinander losgehen/losschlagen to hit away at/charge at each other [or one another4. (wechselseitig auf den anderen)\aufeinander angewiesen sein to be dependent on each other [or one another]\aufeinander zugehen to approach each other [or one another]* * *1) on top of one another or each otheretwas aufeinander pressen/drücken — press something together
aufeinander prallen — crash into each other or one another; collide; < armies> clash; (fig.) < opinions> clash
etwas aufeinander schichten — stack something up
aufeinander stoßen — bump together; <lines, streets> meet; (fig.) < opinions> clash
aufeinander treffen — hit each other or one another; (fig.) meet
2)aufeinander folgen — follow each other or one another
aufeinander warten — wait for each other or one another
aufeinander zufliegen — fly towards one another or each other
* * *aufeinander adv (übereinander) on top of each other; (gegeneinander) against each other; (nacheinander) one after the other, one by one;aufeinander angewiesen sein be dependent on each other, rely on each other;die Autos sind aufeinander aufgefahren the cars drove into ( oder collided with) each other;aufeinander einschlagen smash into each other;aufeinander losgehen go for each other;* * *1) on top of one another or each otheretwas aufeinander pressen/drücken — press something together
aufeinander prallen — crash into each other or one another; collide; < armies> clash; (fig.) < opinions> clash
aufeinander stoßen — bump together; <lines, streets> meet; (fig.) < opinions> clash
aufeinander treffen — hit each other or one another; (fig.) meet
2)aufeinander folgen — follow each other or one another
aufeinander warten — wait for each other or one another
aufeinander zufliegen — fly towards one another or each other
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65 hineinfahren
(unreg., trennb.)I v/i (ist hineingefahren)1. hineinfahren (in + Akk) go in(to); (mit) Auto: drive in(to); mit Rad: ride in(to); Zug: pull in(to); Schiff: sail in(to)2. Unfall: in jemandes Auto hineinfahren run into s.o.’s car; jemandem hinten hineinfahren run into the back of s.o.* * *1.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit seinin etwas (Akk.) hineinfahren — drive/ride into something
der Zug fuhr [in den Bahnhof] hinein — the train pulled in[to the station]
2) (ugs.)2.in ein anderes Auto hineinfahren — run into another car
unregelmäßiges transitives VerbEx:/Ex:den Wagen in etwas (Akk.) hineinfahren — drive one's car into something
* * *hineinfahren (irr, trennb)A. v/i (ist hineingefahren)1.in +akk) go in(to); (mit) Auto: drive in(to); mit Rad: ride in(to); Zug: pull in(to); Schiff: sail in(to)2. Unfall:in jemandes Auto hineinfahren run into sb’s car;jemandem hinten hineinfahren run into the back of sb3.in die Schuhe/Hose etcB. v/t (hat):in +akk) drive in(to)* * *1.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1) (mit dem Auto) drive in; (mit dem Zweirad) ride inin etwas (Akk.) hineinfahren — drive/ride into something
der Zug fuhr [in den Bahnhof] hinein — the train pulled in[to the station]
2) (ugs.)2.unregelmäßiges transitives VerbEx:/Ex:den Wagen in etwas (Akk.) hineinfahren — drive one's car into something
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66 FYRIR
* * *prep.I. with dat.1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);fyrir dyrum, before the door;2) before one, in one’s presence;hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;3) for;hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;4) before one, in one’s way;fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;5) naut. term. before, off;liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;6) before, at the head of, over;vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;7) of time, ago;fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;fyrir stundu, a while ago;fyrir löngu, long ago;vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);8) before, above, superior to;Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;11) because of, for;hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;fyrir hræðslu, for fear;illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;fyrir því at, because, since, as;12) against;gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;13) fyrir sér, of oneself;mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;14) denoting manner or quality, with;hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;II. with acc.1) before, in front of;halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;2) before, into the presence of;stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;3) over;hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;5) round, off;sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;6) along, all along;fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;8) for, on behalf of;vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;9) for, for the benefit of;þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);10) for, instead of, in place of, as;11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;12) denoting value, price;fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;fyrir handan á, beyond the river;fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;III. as adverb or ellipt.1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;2) first;mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;3) at hand, present, to the fore;föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).* * *prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.A. LOCAL:I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.C. METAPH.:I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.X. as adverb or ellipt.,1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.A. LOCAL:I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.C. METAPH.:I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence. -
67 RENNA
* * *I)(renn; rann, runnum; runninn), v.1) to run (rakkar þar renna);renna í köpp við e-n, to run a race with;hón á þann hest, er rennr lopt ok lög, that runs through the air and over the sea;renna e-m hvarf, to run out of one’s sight;2) to run away, flee (rennr þú nú Úlfr hinn ragi);renna undan e-m, to run away from one (ek get þess, at þú vilir eigi renna undan þeim);3) to run, flow (rennr þaðan lítill lœkr);4) to melt, dissolve (ok hafði runnit málmrinn í eldsganginum);reiði rennr e-m, anger leaves one;5) to arise (= renna upp);sól rennr, the sun rises;dagr rennr, it dawns;6) with preps.:renna af e-m, to leave one, pass away from one (reiði rann af honum);renna á e-n, to come over one;svefn, svefnhöfgi rennr á e-n, one falls asleep;reiði rennr á e-n, one gets angry;þá rann á byrr, then a fair wind arose;renna eptir e-m, to run after one (þá var runnit eptir þeim, er flóttann ráku);renna frá e-m, to run away from, leave one;renna í e-t, to run into;e-m rennr í skap, one is much (deeply) affected (er eigi trútt, at mér hafi eigi í skap runnit sonardauðinn);renna saman, to heal up (þá var saman runninn leggrinn);renna undir, to assist, give support (margar stoðir runnu undir, bæði frændr ok vinir);renna upp, to originate (var þess ván, at illr ávöxtr mundi upp renna af illri rót);of the sun or daylight, to rise;sól (dagr) rennr upp (cf. 5);7) recipr., rennast at (á), to attack one another, begin a fight.(-da, -dr), v.1) to make (let) run, with dat. (keyrði hann hestinn sporum ok renndi honum at);2) to put to flight (þeir renndu þeim tíu, er undan kómust);3) to prevent, thwart (eigi má sköpunum renna);er rennt þeim ráðahag, that match is thwarted;4) to slip, let loose;renna veiðarfœri, to let the fishing-line run out;Tjörvi renndi fyrir hann törgu, T. flung a target in his way;impers., atgeirinum renndi gegnum skjöldinn, the halberd was run through the shield;renna e-u niðr, to swallow;renna grunum á e-t, to suspect;5) renna augum, to direct the eyes, to look (renna ástaraugum til e-s);6) to pour (var gulli rennt í skurðina);7) with acc., renna mjólk, to run millk, by pouring out the thin milk;renna ór tunnu, to let the liquid out from a cask;8) with acc. to turn (renna tré, spánu);9) absol. to move quickly, slide, glide (konungsskipin renndu at þeim);þá renndi hringrinn af hendi mér, the ring slipped off my hand;10) refl., rennast augum til, to look to one another;þá renndust skipin hjá, the ships passed by one another.f. run, course;ok nú er skírðr allr Danaherr í þessi rennu, in one run, at one sweep.* * *(older form rinna, Hom. 125), pres. renn and rennr; pret. raun, rannt (mod. ranst), rann, pl. runnum; subj. rynni; imper. renn, renndú; part. runninn; with neg. suff. renni-a, Hkv. 2. 30: [Ulf. rinnan = τρέχειν, Mark ix. 25, = ρειν, John vii. 38; as also bi-rinnan, and-rinnan; a word common to all Teut. languages; the Engl. run is prob. formed from the pret. 3rd pers. plur.]:— to run = Lat. currere, of any swift, even, sliding motion (for hlaupa is to leap, bound), used not only of living things, but also of streams, water, wind, light, sun; rakkar þar renna, Am. 24; freki mun renna, Vsp. 41, Gm. 32; vargar runnu á ísi milli Noregs ok Daumerkr, Ann. 1047; rennia sá marr, Hkv. 2. 30; renni und vísa vígblær hinnig, Gh. 34; renni rökn bitluð, Hkv. i. 50; Grani rann at þingi, Gkv. 2. 4; hest inn hraðfæra láttú hinnig renna, Gh.18; þann hest er renn lopt ok lög, Edda 21; renna í köpp við e-n, 31; renna skeið, to run a race, id.; þeir runnu heim, Fas. ii. 101; r. at skeið, to take a run, 111; fór hann til ok rann bergit upp at manninum, 277; hann rennr upp vegginn, Nj. 202; r. e-m hvarf, to run out of one’s sight, Sturl iii. 50; mjúkr ok léttr bæði at ríða ok rinna, Hom. 125; renna ok ríða, Gþl 411; r. eptir e-m, to run after one, Nj. 275; runnit hefir hundr þinn, Pétr postuli, til Róms tysvar ok myndi renni it þriðja sinn ef þú leyfðir, id.; þat þolir hvergi, nema renn til trés eðr staurs, 655 xxx. 5; runnu þeir upp til bæjar með alvæpni. Eg. 388; hann rann þá fram í mót Bergönundi, 378; r. á hendr e-m, to use force, K. Á. 116, 150; margar stoðir runnu undir ( supported him) bæði frændr ok vinir, Ld. 18; renna á skíðum, to run in snow-shoes.2. to run, fly; þá spurði Kerþjálfaðr hví hann rynni eigi svá sem aðrir, Nj. 275; hvárt skal nú renna, 96, 247; ef maðr stígr öðrum fæti út um höslur, ferr hann á hæl, en rennr ef báðum stígr, Korm. 86; nú hefir þú runnit, ok beðit eigi Skútu, Glúm. 310; rennr þú nú Úlfr inn ragi, … lengra mundir þú r. …, Ó. H. 167; r. undan e-m, Nj. 95; reyndusk ílla menn Þóris ok runnu frá honum, Fms. vii. 11.II. of things; snara rennr at hálsi e-m, of a loop, Mar.; þat skal maðr eigi ábyrgjask at kýr renni eigi kálfi, ef hann hefir öxn í nautum sínum, N. G. L. i. 25:—of a weapon, hyrnan rann (= renndi) í brjóstið ok gékk á hol, Nj. 245:—of the sun, daylight, and the like, to arise, er sól rennr á fjöll Páska-dag, K. Þ. K. 124; sem leið móti degi ok sólin rann, Bév. 20; rennr dagr, rökkrið þrýtr, Úlf. 9. 83; renna upp, to rise; um mörguninn er sól rann upp ok var lítt farin, Fms. viii. 146; þat var allt senn, at dagrinn rann upp, ok konungr kom til eldanna, ix. 353; þá rann söl upp, ok litu allir bændr til sölarinnar, Ó. H. 109; en er hann vaknaði þa rann dagr upp, 207; dýr og fagr austri í upp er dagr renninn, a ditty; stjörnur renna upp ok setjask, Rb. 466; rennr ljós þat upp, 625. 66: less correctly of the setting sun, as, sólin rann, ljós leið, in a mod. hymn, (the Norsemen call the sunset sol-renning):—to run up, of plants, var þess ok ván, at íllr ávöxtr mundi upp renna af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; þar renna eigi upp þyrnar né íllgresi, 656 A. ii. 14; eru vér ok svá gamlir ok runnir bitar (?) upp, Fms. viii. 325, v. l.: the phrase, renna upp sem fífill í brekku (see fífill): to originate, æðar renna þar upp ok nætask, … renn ok rödd upp fyrir hverju orði, Skálda 169, Stj. 198, (upp-runi, origin):—of a stream, river, water, to flow, opin renna hón skal um aldrdaga, Vþm, 16; á hugða ek hér inn renna, Am. 25; rennr þaðan lítill lækr, Fms. i. 232; rennanda vatn, a running water, Bs. ii. 18; rennandi ár, Hom. 45: blóð rennr ór sári, a running sore, wound; þar rann blóð svá mjök at eigi varð stöðvat, Fms. i. 46; vatn, sjór rennr ór klæðum, etc.:—to run, lead, trend. þjóðvegir, er renna eptir endilöngum bygðum, ok þeir er renna frá fjalli ok til fjörn, Gþl. 413:—to run, melt, dissolve, ok hefði runnit málmrinn í eldsganginum, Orkn. 368; málmr rennr saman, Blas. 47; þat renn saman, blends together, 655, xxx. 5:—of wind, to arise, byrr rann á af landi, Eg. 389; þá rann á byrr, Nj. 135; en er Björn var albúinn ok byrr rann á, Eg. 158: hvergi var á runnit á klaæeth;i hans, his clothes were untouched, Fms. xi. 38:—of sleep or mental motion, rann á hann höfgi móti deginum, Ó. H. 207; þá rann á hann svemn, 240; rennr á hann svefnhöfgi, ok dreymir hann, Gísl. 67; þá rann á hann þegar reiði ok öfund, Sks. 154 new Ed.; rann þá úmegin á hann, he swooned, Fms. viii. 332: þá rann af Gretti úmegit, he recovered his senses, Grett. 114; lét hann r. af sér reiðina, Fms. i. 15, iii. 73; rann nú af konunginum reiði við mág sinn, xi. 13: e-m rennr í skap, to be affected to tears; er eigi trautt at mér hafi í skap runnit sonar-dauðinn, Þorst. Stang. 55 (cp. Gísl. 39, allt í skap ‘komit’): to be angry, var nú svá komit at honum rann í skap ok reiddisk hann, Fms. vi. 212, and so in mod. usage.III. recipr., rennask at (á), to attack one another, run together, fight; síðan rennask at hestarnir, … þá er á rynnisk hestarnir, Nj. 91; þeir runnusk á allsterkliga, of wrestlers, Ld. 158. -
68 auseinander
Adv. apart; (getrennt) auch separated; weit auseinander räumlich: be, live a long way away from each other; move apart ( oder away) from each other; zeitlich: (be) years (oder decades etc.) apart; fig. be light-years away from each other; auseinander bekommen get s.th. apart; auseinander biegen bend s.th. apart; auseinander brechen (einen Gegenstand) break (up); in zwei Teile: break in two; Freundschaft, Beziehung, Bündnis etc.: break up; auseinander breiten (Arme, Flügel) unfold; (Landkarte etc.) auch spread out; auseinander bringen (Menschen) separate, split up; (etw.) get s.th. apart; auseinander dividieren (Rechnung) break down; (Meinungen etc.) draw a clear dividing line between; (Leute) drive a wedge between; sich auseinander entwickeln grow apart from each other; in einer Beziehung: drift apart; auseinander fahren fig. jump ( Köpfe: jerk) apart; auseinander fallen fall apart ( oder to pieces); disintegrate; auseinander falten unfold; (Landkarte etc.) auch spread out; (auch Zeitung) open up; auseinander fließen Farbe etc.: run; auseinander gehen (sich verabschieden) say goodbye; Menge: break up, disperse; (eine Beziehung beenden) split up, break up, go one’s separate ways; Ehe: break up; Verlobung: be broken off; Linien, Wege: diverge; Meinungen: be divided; umg. Geklebtes etc.: come ( oder fall) apart; umg. (dick werden) fill out, get fat; auseinander gehend Linien etc.: divergent; Meinungen auch: differing; auseinander halten fig. (unterscheiden) distinguish (between); visuell: auch tell... apart; (trennen) keep... apart; auseinander klaffen gape; fig. Meinungen: differ enormously; auseinander klamüsern umg. sort out allg.; jemandem etw. auseinander klamüsern umg. spell s.th. out to ( oder for) s.o., explain the ins and outs of s.th. to s.o.; auseinander klauben südd., österr., schw. sort out; auseinander kriegen umg. get s.th. apart; auseinander laufen Personen: run in different directions; Linien, Wege: diverge; Farbe etc.: run; sich auseinander leben drift ( oder grow) apart; auseinander nehmen take apart, tear to pieces (auch umg., fig. Gegner, Buch etc.); auseinander reißen tear apart; auseinander schneiden cut s.th. apart; (zerteilen) cut s.th. in two; etw. auseinander schreiben write s.th. as two words; auseinander sein (nicht mehr befreundet sein) have split up, have had a parting of the ways; sie sind nicht weit auseinander altersmäßig: they’re quite close in age, there’s not much between them; sie sind drei Jahre auseinander they’re three years apart, there are three years between them; auseinander setzen (Kinder) separate, make the children sit apart; jemandem etw. auseinander setzen fig. explain ( schriftlich: set out) s.th. to s.o.; sich mit jemandem auseinander setzen argue with s.o. ( über + Akk about oder over); gründlich: have it out with s.o. umg.; sich mit einem Problem etc. auseinander setzen go into, tackle; stärker: grapple with; auseinander spreizen (Finger, Zehen) spread out, splay; auseinander sprengen mit Sprengstoff: blow up; (Menge) disperse, scatter; weit auseinander stehen Augen: be wide-set; Zeilen: have big gaps (between them); auseinander stellen (Tische etc.) place ( oder put) apart from each other; auseinander stieben scatter; auseinander streben Linien: diverge; auseinander strebend diverging; auseinander treiben Boote etc.: drift apart; (Tiere) scatter; (Demonstranten) disperse; auseinander wickeln unwrap, unwind; auseinander ziehen in Teile: pull apart; in die Länge: stretch; (eine gemeinsame Wohnung aufgeben) move out (into separate accommodation); sich auseinander ziehen Autokolonne, Teilnehmerfeld bei einem Rennen: string out* * *apart; asunder* * *aus|ei|nạn|der [aus|ai'nandɐ]adv1) (= voneinander entfernt, getrennt) apartweit auseinander — far apart; Augen, Beine etc wide apart; Zähne widely spaced; Meinungen very different
die beiden sind ( im Alter) ein Jahr auseinander — there is a year between the two of them
auseinander sein (inf: Paar) —
die Verlobung ist auseinander (inf) — the engagement is off
2) (= jedes aus dem anderen) from one another, one from another or the otherdiese Begriffe kann man nur auseinander erklären — one can only explain these concepts in relation to one another
* * *aus·ei·nan·der[ausʔaiˈnandɐ]1. (räumlich)2. (zeitlich)▪ \auseinander sein:die beiden sind [im Alter] ein Jahr \auseinander there is a year between the two of them, the two are a year apart in agesie sind altersmäßig weit \auseinander there is a great gap in their ages▪ \auseinander sein to have broken [or split up]* * *1) (voneinander getrennt) apartetwas auseinander schreiben — write something as separate words
auseinander! — get away from each other!; break it up!
auseinander sein — (ugs.) < couple> have separated; have split up; < engagement> have been broken off, be off; <marriage, relationship, friendship> have broken up
auseinander gehen — (sich trennen) part; < crowd> disperse; (fig.) <opinions, views> differ, diverge; (ugs.) <relationship, marriage> break up; (ugs.): (dick werden) get round and podgy
zwei Dinge auseinander halten — keep two things apart; (unterscheiden) distinguish between two things
auseinander laufen — run off in different directions; < crowd> scatter; <paths, roads, etc.> diverge
auseinander leben — grow apart ( mit from)
etwas auseinander nehmen — take something apart; dismantle something
sich mit jemandem auseinander setzen — have it out with somebody
die Vögel/Tiere auseinander treiben — scatter the birds/animals
die Menge/Demonstranten/Wolken auseinander treiben — disperse the crowd/demonstrators/clouds
2) (eines aus dem anderen)Behauptungen/Formeln usw. auseinander ableiten — deduce propositions/formulae etc. one from another
* * *weit auseinander räumlich: be, live a long way away from each other; move apart ( oder away) from each other; zeitlich: (be) years (oder decades etc) apart; fig be light-years away from each other;auseinander sein (nicht mehr befreundet sein) have split up, have had a parting of the ways;sie sind nicht weit auseinander altersmäßig: they’re quite close in age, there’s not much between them;sie sind drei Jahre auseinander they’re three years apart, there are three years between them* * *1) (voneinander getrennt) apartauseinander! — get away from each other!; break it up!
auseinander sein — (ugs.) < couple> have separated; have split up; < engagement> have been broken off, be off; <marriage, relationship, friendship> have broken up
auseinander gehen — (sich trennen) part; < crowd> disperse; (fig.) <opinions, views> differ, diverge; (ugs.) <relationship, marriage> break up; (ugs.): (dick werden) get round and podgy
zwei Dinge auseinander halten — keep two things apart; (unterscheiden) distinguish between two things
auseinander laufen — run off in different directions; < crowd> scatter; <paths, roads, etc.> diverge
auseinander leben — grow apart ( mit from)
etwas auseinander nehmen — take something apart; dismantle something
die Vögel/Tiere auseinander treiben — scatter the birds/animals
die Menge/Demonstranten/Wolken auseinander treiben — disperse the crowd/demonstrators/clouds
Behauptungen/Formeln usw. auseinander ableiten — deduce propositions/formulae etc. one from another
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69 Hand
f; -, Hände1. hand; feuchte Hände haben have wet hands; auf / mit der flachen Hand in / with the palm of one’s hand; in der hohlen Hand in the hollow of one’s hand; mit ruhiger / sicherer Hand with a steady / sure hand; keine Hand frei haben not have a hand free; Hände hoch ( oder ich schieße)! hands up (or I’ll shoot)!; Hände weg! hands off!; an der / jemandes Hand gehen walk holding hands / holding s.o.’s hand; sie hatte ihr Kind an der Hand she was holding her child’s hand, she had her child by the hand; jemanden an die oder bei der Hand nehmen take s.o.’s hand; auf Händen und Füßen kriechen on all fours, on one’s hands and knees; aus der Hand legen oder geben put aside; jemandem aus der Hand lesen read s.o.’s hand; bei der Hand oder zur Hand at hand, handy; durch ( Heben der) Hand abstimmen by a show of hands; in Händen halten geh. hold in one’s hands; Hand in Hand gehen walk hand in hand; in die oder zur Hand nehmen pick s.th. up; mit Händen und Füßen reden gesticulate, talk with one’s hands; sich mit Händen und Füßen wehren umg. auch fig. fight tooth and nail; mit der Hand machen etc.: by hand; mit der oder von Hand gemacht / gemalt etc. handmade / handpainted etc.; zu Händen auf Brief: c / o (= care of); amtlich: att., Attention; zur linken / rechten oder linker / rechter Hand on the left-hand / right-hand side; Hand anlegen (an + Akk) take s.th. in hand; ( mit) Hand anlegen lend a hand; Hand an sich (Akk) legen euph. commit suicide; letzte Hand an etw. (Akk) legen add the finishing touches to; jemandem die Hand auflegen segnend: lay one’s hand on s.o.; jemandem die Hand geben oder reichen oder schütteln shake hands with s.o.; ( gib mir die) Hand drauf! (let’s) shake on it!; es war so dunkel, dass man die Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen konnte it was so dark you couldn’t see your hand in front of your face2. fig. Wendungen, mit Adj.: die öffentliche Hand the authorities, the state; jemandes rechte Hand s.o.’s right-hand man ( oder woman); die Tote Hand JUR. mortmain; aus bester Hand on good authority; aus erster Hand first-hand; ich hab’s aus erster Hand I got it straight from the horse’s mouth; aus privater Hand privately; aus zweiter Hand kaufen etc.: second-hand; Erlebnis, erleben: vicarious(ly); eine feste Hand brauchen need a firm hand; sie ist in festen Händen umg. she’s accounted for, she’s booked; jemandem freie Hand lassen give s.o. a free hand; in guten Händen sein be in good hands; eine glückliche oder geschickte Hand haben have the right touch ( mit for); sie hat eine ( glückliche) Hand mit she knows how to handle; mit Menschen, Pflanzen etc.: she has a way with; besser als in die hohle Hand geschissen vulg. better than a poke in the eye (with a burnt [Am. sharp] stick), better than nothing; alle oder beide Hände voll zu tun haben umg. generell: have a lot on one’s plate; mit jemandem/etw.: have one’s hands full with s.o./s.th.; mit beiden Händen zugreifen jump at the chance; von langer Hand long beforehand; mit leeren Händen dastehen / weggehen be left / go away empty-handed; jemandem etw. zu treuen Händen geben geh. give s.th. to s.o. for safekeeping; ( aber) zu treuen Händen! geh. hum. (but) I want it etc. back!; mit vollen Händen liberally; sein Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben throw one’s money about (Am. around); hinter vorgehaltener Hand sprechen etc.: off the record; link... 13. fig. Wendungen, mit Präp.: jemandem etw. an die Hand geben (Argumente, Informationen etc.) hand s.o. s.th., pass s.th. on to s.o., make s.th. available to s.o.; an der Hand haben umg. know of, know where to find, be able to get hold of; (Person) auch have contacts with s.o.; ( bar) auf die Hand cash in hand; es liegt ( klar) auf der Hand it’s (so) obvious; jemanden auf Händen tragen wait on s.o. hand and foot; Hand aufs Herz! (ich lüge nicht) cross my heart; (sei ehrlich) be honest; jemandem aus der Hand fressen umg. eat out of s.o.’s hand; aus der Hand geben part with; (Posten etc.) auch give up; er gibt oder lässt es nicht aus der Hand auch he won’t let go of it, he won’t let anyone else have it ( oder take it from him); mit Kritik ist er immer schnell bei der Hand umg. he’s always very quick to criticize; durch jemandes Hände gehen go through s.o.’s hands; schon durch viele Hände gegangen sein have been through several hands; Hand in Hand arbeiten work together, cooperate (closely); das geht Hand in Hand mit... it goes hand in hand with..., it goes together with...; jemandem in die Hände arbeiten play into s.o.’s hands; in die Hände bekommen (etw., jemanden) get one’s hands on; jemandem in die Hände fallen fall into s.o.’s hands; jemanden in der Hand haben have s.o. in one’s grip; etw. gegen jemanden in der Hand haben have s.th. on s.o.; sich in der Hand haben have everything under control, have a firm grip on o.s.; wir haben die Lage in der Hand we’ve got the situation under control; du hast es in der Hand oder es liegt in deiner Hand it’s up to you; in jemandes Hand sein Person: be in s.o.’s hands, be up to s.o.; das Restaurant ist in griechischer Hand the restaurant is run by a Greek landlord; unser Hotel war fest in italienischer Hand the vast majority of guests in our hotel were Italians; in die Hände spucken umg., fig. roll up one’s sleeves; jemandem etw. in die Hand versprechen promise s.o. s.th. ( oder s.th. to s.o.); seine Hand ins Feuer legen für put one’s hand into the fire for; die Hände in den Schoß legen (nicht arbeiten) take it easy; (sich untätig verhalten) sit on one’s hands; seine Hand oder Hände im Spiel haben have a hand in it; etw. in die Hand nehmen Aufgabe etc.: take charge of s.th.; die Sache in die Hand nehmen take the initiative; jemandem (etw.) in die Hände spielen play (s.th.) into s.o.’s hands; es ist mit Händen zu greifen it sticks out a mile ( oder like a sore thumb) umg.; seine Hand ( schützend) über jemanden halten take s.o. under one’s wing, shield ( oder protect) s.o.; die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen umg. throw up one’s hands in horror; um jemandes Hand anhalten oder bitten ask for s.o.’s hand; unter der Hand (nicht offiziell) unofficially; (privat) kaufen etc.: privately; (heimlich, illegal) under the counter; (nebenbei) on the side; jemandem unter den Händen zerrinnen Geld etc.: go through s.o.’s fingers like water; die Arbeit geht ihm flott von der Hand he’s a fast worker; von der Hand in den Mund leben live from hand to mouth; von der Hand weisen (verwerfen, abtun) dismiss; (leugnen) deny; es ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen it can’t be denied, there’s no denying ( oder getting away from) it; von jemandes Hand sterben etc. geh. die by s.o.’s hand; von Hand zu Hand gehen go ( oder be passed) from hand to hand; jemandem zur oder an die Hand gehen lend s.o. a hand; sie hat immer eine Antwort zur Hand auch she’s always got an answer pat (Am. ready), she’s never at a loss for words; anhand, wegsterben4. fig. sonstige Wendungen: Hand und Fuß haben Plan etc.: make sense, hold water; was er macht, hat Hand und Fuß he doesn’t do things in ( oder by) half measures; ich würde mir für ihn die Hand abhacken lassen umg. I’d cut off my right arm for him; die Hand aufhalten oder hinhalten umg., meist pej. hold out one’s hand; einander die Hand geben Ereignisse etc.: follow hard on each other’s heels, happen in close succession; die Ereignisse gaben einander die Hand auch one thing led to another; jemandem die Hand ( fürs Leben) reichen marry s.o.; jemandem die Hand zur Versöhnung reichen offer s.o. one’s hand as a sign of reconciliation; die beiden können einander die Hand reichen they’re two of a kind; im negativen Sinne: auch they’re as bad as each other, one’s as bad as the other; (sie sind in der gleichen Lage) they’re in the same boat; von seiner Hände Arbeit leben live by the work of one’s hands; sich (Dat) die Hände reiben vor heimlicher Freude: rub one’s hands; eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichwort you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours, one hand washes the other altm.; ich wasche meine Hände in Unschuld geh. I wash my hands in innocence; ausrutschen, gebunden II 2, küssen5. (Schrift) hand6. Kartenspiel: hand; eine gute / schlechte Hand a good / bad (od. poor) hand; auf der Hand in one’s hand; aus der Hand spielen nicht vom Tisch, Dummy: play from one’s hand; ( aus der) Hand spielen Skat: play from one’s hand (without picking up the discard)—f; -, - oder Hände; Maßangabe: zwei Hand breit etwa a foot wide; eine Hand voll konkret: a handful; (wenige) a handful* * *die Handhand* * *Hạnd* * *(the part of the body at the end of the arm.) hand* * *<-, Hände>[hant, pl ˈhɛndə]f1. ANAT handmit seiner Hände Arbeit (geh) with one's own handsjdm die \Hand auflegen to lay one's hands on sbman kann die \Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen one can't see one's hand in front of one's facejdm aus der \Hand fressen Tier to eat out of sb's handjdm rutscht die \Hand aus (fam) sb hits out in angerjdm die \Hand drücken/schütteln to press/shake sb's handjdm etw in die \Hand drücken to slip sth into sb's handdie \Hand zur Faust ballen to clench one's fistmit der flachen \Hand with the flat [or palm] of one's handkeine \Hand frei haben to have both hands fullsie reichten sich zur Begrüßung/Versöhnung die Hand [o Hände] they greeted each other/made peace by shaking handsetw in der Hand [o in [den] Händen] halten [o haben] to have sth [in one's hands]Hände hoch [oder ich schieße]! hands up [or I'll shoot]!eine hohle \Hand machen to cup one's handsaus der hohlen \Hand from one's cupped hands\Hand in \Hand hand in handin die Hände klatschen to clap [one's hands]; (Beifall) to applaudjdm die \Hand küssen to kiss sb's handküss die \Hand! ÖSTERR (o veraltet) your servant old; (guten Tag) how do you do? form; (auf Wiedersehen) good dayetw aus der \Hand legen to put down sth sepjdm aus der \Hand lesen to read sb's palm [or hand]jdm die Zukunft aus der \Hand lesen to tell sb's future [by reading sb's palm [or hand]]linker/rechter \Hand on the left/rightzur linken/rechten \Hand on the left-hand/right-hand sidemit der \Hand by handjdn an die \Hand nehmen to take sb by the hand [or sb's hand]jdm etw aus der \Hand/den Händen nehmen to take sth from [or off] sb, to take sth out of sb's hand/handssie nahm ihrem Kind das Messer aus der \Hand she took the knife away from her childjdn bei der \Hand nehmen [o fassen] to take hold of sb's handetw in die [o zur] \Hand nehmen to pick up sth sepeine ruhige [o sichere] \Hand a steady hand; (fig) a sure handmit sanfter \Hand with a gentle handjdm etw aus der \Hand schlagen to knock sth out of sb's handdie Hände in die Seiten stemmen to put one's hands on one's hipszu vier Händen spielen to play a [piano] duetvon \Hand by hand; bedienen a. manuallyvon \Hand genäht/geschrieben hand-sewn/handwritten2.(Maß)eine \Hand breit Wein im Fass six inches of wine in the barrel▪ Hände handsder Besitz gelang in fremde Hände the property passed into foreign handsin jds Hände übergehen to pass into sb's handsin fremde Hände übergehen to change hands4. POLdie öffentliche \Hand, die öffentlichen Hände (der Staat) the government, central government; (die Gemeinde) local governmentdurch die öffentliche \Hand finanziert financed by the public sector5. JURdie Tote \Hand mortmain specetw an die Tote \Hand veräußern to amortize sth histder Schiedsrichter erkannte auf \Hand the referee blew for handball\Hand machen to handle the ball10.▶ die \Hand in anderer [o fremder] Leute Tasche haben to live in other people's pockets▶ um jds \Hand anhalten [o bitten] (veraltend geh) to request [or ask for] sb's hand in marriage dated▶ [mit jdm] \Hand in \Hand arbeiten to work hand in hand [with sb]; (geheim) to work hand in glove [with sb]100 Euro auf die \Hand [bekommen/gezahlt] €100 [paid] in cash▶ aus der \Hand offhandaus der \Hand weiß ich nicht genau I don't know exactly offhand▶ jd kann etw an beiden Händen abzählen [o abfingern] (fam) sb can do sth with one hand [tied] behind their back▶ jdn/etw in die \Hand [o Hände] bekommen [o (fam) kriegen] to get one's hands on sb/sth; (zufällig) to come across sb/sth▶ besser als in die hohle Hand gespuckt (fam) [o (derb) geschissen] better than a slap in the face with a wet fish hum▶ bei jdm in besten Händen sein to be in safe hands with sbbei ihr sind Sie damit in besten Händen you're in safe hands with her as far as that is concerned▶ aus erster/zweiter \Hand first-hand/second-hand; (vom ersten/zweiten Eigentümer) with one previous owner/two previous ownersInformationen aus zweiter \Hand second-hand informationetw aus erster \Hand wissen to have first-hand knowledge of sth▶ jdm in die Hände fallen to fall into sb's handsschaut mal, was mir zufällig in die Hände gefallen ist! look what I came across by chance!▶ freie \Hand haben to have a free hand▶ jdm freie \Hand lassen to give sb a free handbei der Regelung dieser Angelegenheit lassen wir Ihnen freie \Hand we give you free rein in settling this matter▶ von fremder \Hand from a strangerdie Unterschrift stammt von fremder \Hand this is a stranger's signature▶ \Hand und Fuß haben to be well thought out▶ weder \Hand noch Fuß haben to have no rhyme or reason, to make no sensedieser Plan hat weder \Hand noch Fuß there's no rhyme or reason to this planetw mit Händen und Füßen erklären to use gestures to explain sth▶ jdm etw an die \Hand geben to provide sb with sth, to make sth available to sbjdm die \Hand darauf geben, dass... to promise sb [faithfully] that...▶ etw aus der \Hand geben (weggeben) to let sth out of one's hands; (leihen) to lend sth; (verzichten) to relinquish sth▶ durch jds Hände [o \Hand] gehen to pass through sb's handsam Computer gehen einem viele Textarbeiten leicht von der \Hand working with texts is easy on a computer▶ von \Hand zu \Hand gehen to pass from hand to hand▶ jdm zur \Hand gehen to lend sb a [helping] hand▶ bei/in etw dat eine glückliche \Hand haben [o beweisen] [o zeigen] (richtig handeln) to know the right thing to do with sth; (Gewinn erzielen) to have the Midas touch with sth; (Geschick aufweisen) to have a [natural] flair for sthfür Autoreparaturen habe ich jemand an der \Hand I've got someone on hand who can fix cars▶ etw in der \Hand haben to have sth in one's handsich habe diese Entscheidung nicht in der \Hand this decision is not in [or is out of] my hands▶ etw gegen jdn in der \Hand haben to have sth on sb▶ jdn [fest] in der \Hand haben to have sb [well] in hand▶ etw unter den Händen haben to be working on sthdie \Hand auf der Tasche halten (fam: kontrollieren) to hold the purse strings; (geizen) to be tight-fisted fam▶ \Hand aufs Herz! (versprochen!) cross my/your heart [and hope to die], [give me your/I give you my] word of honour BRIT [or AM honor]; (ehrlich!) honest/be honest!▶ in jds Händen sein to be in sb's hands▶ [bei jdm] in guten/richtigen/sicheren Händen sein to be in good/the right/safe hands [with sb]▶ von langer \Hand well in advance▶ mit leeren Händen empty-handed▶ mit leichter \Hand effortlessly, with ease▶ eine milde [o offene] \Hand haben to give generously, to be open-handed▶ von der \Hand in den Mund leben to live from hand to mouth▶ jdm etw aus der \Hand nehmen to relieve sb of sth▶ etw in die \Hand nehmen (sich darum kümmern) to attend to [or take care of] sth; (übernehmen) to take sth in hand [oneself]etw allein [o selbst] in die [eigene] \Hand nehmen to take sth into one's own hands„aus privater \Hand abzugeben“ “private sale”▶ jds rechte \Hand sein to be sb's right-hand man▶ die Hände in den Schoß legen [o in die Taschen stecken] to sit back and do nothing▶ in jds \Hand sein to be in sb's handsdieses Geschäft ist in türkischer \Hand this business is owned by Turks▶ [bei etw dat] die Hand [o seine Hand] [o seine Hände] [mit] im Spiel haben to have a hand in sth; Eifersucht, Motiv to have a part to play in sthüberall seine Hand [o Hände] im Spiel haben to have a [or one's] finger in every pie▶ jdm etw zu treuen Händen übergeben (usu hum geh) to give sth to sb for safekeeping, to entrust sth to sbetw unter der \Hand erfahren to hear sth through the grapevineetw unter der \Hand kaufen/verkaufen to buy/sell sth under the counter [or table]▶ jdm etw in die \Hand versprechen to promise sb sth [faithfully]das [o sein] Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben to spend one's money left, right and centre [or AM center] [or fam hand over fist]▶ hinter vorgehaltener \Hand in confidence, off the record▶ etw von der \Hand weisen to deny sth▶ etw lässt sich akk nicht von der \Hand weisen, etw ist nicht von der \Hand zu weisen sth cannot be deniedes lässt sich nicht von der \Hand weisen there's no denying it▶ jdm unter den Händen zerrinnen [o schmelzen] to slip through sb's fingerszu Händen [von] Herrn Weissner For the attention of Mr Weissner, Attn: Mr Weissner▶ etw zur \Hand haben to have sth handy [or to hand]▶ zur \Hand sein to be at hand▶ zwei linke Hände haben (fam) to have two left hands fam, BRIT fam also to be all fingers and thumbs* * *die; Hand, Hände1) handmit der rechten/linken Hand — with one's right/left hand
jemandem die Hand geben od. (geh.) reichen — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand
jemandem die Hand drücken/schütteln — press/shake somebody's hand
jemanden an die od. (geh.) bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand
jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — take something out of somebody's hand/hands
etwas in die/zur Hand nehmen — pick something up
etwas in der Hand/den Händen haben od. (geh.) halten — have got or hold something in one's hand/hands
etwas mit der Hand schreiben/nähen — write/sew something by hand
Hand in Hand gehen — go or walk hand-in-hand
2) o. Pl. (Fußball) handballwas hältst du davon - Hand aufs Herz! — what do you think? - be honest
Hand und Fuß/weder Hand noch Fuß haben — (ugs.) make sense/no sense
[bei etwas selbst mit] Hand anlegen — lend a hand [with something]; die od
seine Hand aufhalten — (ugs.) hold out one's hand
letzte Hand an etwas (Akk.) legen — put the finishing touches pl. to something
sich (Dat.) od. (geh.) alle od. beide Hände damit voll haben, etwas zu tun — (ugs.) have one's hands full doing something
bei etwas die od. seine Hände [mit] im Spiel haben — have a hand in something
zwei linke Hände haben — (ugs.) have two left hands (coll.)
eine lockere od. lose Hand haben — (ugs.) hit out at the slightest provocation
linker/rechter Hand — on or to the left/right
[klar] auf der Hand liegen — (ugs.) be obvious
jemanden auf Händen tragen — lavish every kind of care and attention on somebody
ein Auto/Möbel aus erster Hand — a car/furniture which has/had had one [previous] owner
etwas aus erster Hand wissen — know something at first hand; have first-hand knowledge of something
etwas aus der Hand geben — (weggeben) let something out of one's hands; (aufgeben) give something up
etwas bei der Hand haben — (greifbar haben) have something handy; (parat haben) have something ready
mit etwas schnell od. rasch bei der Hand sein — (ugs.) be ready [with something]
hinter vorgehaltener Hand — off the record
in die Hände spucken — spit on one's hands; (fig. ugs.) roll up one's sleeves (fig.)
jemanden/etwas in die Hand od. Hände bekommen — lay or get one's hands on somebody/get one's hands on something
jemanden in der Hand haben — have or hold somebody in the palm of one's hand
in jemandes Hand (Dat.) sein od. (geh.) liegen — be in somebody's hands
in sicheren od. guten Händen sein — be in safe or good hands
sich mit Händen und Füßen gegen etwas sträuben od. wehren — (ugs.) fight tooth and nail against something
um jemandes Hand anhalten od. bitten — (geh. veralt.) ask for somebody's hand [in marriage]
unter der Hand — (fig.) on the quiet
das geht ihm gut/leicht von der Hand — he finds that no trouble
etwas von langer Hand vorbereiten — plan something well in advance
die Nachteile/seine Argumente sind nicht von der Hand zu weisen — the disadvantages cannot be denied/his arguments cannot [simply] be dismissed
zu Händen [von] Herrn Müller — for the attention of Herr Müller; attention Herr Müller; s. auch öffentlich 1.
4)an Hand — s. anhand
* * *Hand1 f; -, Hände1. hand;feuchte Hände haben have wet hands;auf/mit der flachen Hand in/with the palm of one’s hand;in der hohlen Hand in the hollow of one’s hand;mit ruhiger/sicherer Hand with a steady/sure hand;keine Hand frei haben not have a hand free;Hände weg! hands off!;an der/jemandes Hand gehen walk holding hands/holding sb’s hand;sie hatte ihr Kind an der Hand she was holding her child’s hand, she had her child by the hand;bei der Hand nehmen take sb’s hand;auf Händen und Füßen kriechen on all fours, on one’s hands and knees;geben put aside;jemandem aus der Hand lesen read sb’s hand;zur Hand at hand, handy;in Händen halten geh hold in one’s hands;Hand in Hand gehen walk hand in hand;zur Hand nehmen pick sth up;mit Händen und Füßen reden gesticulate, talk with one’s hands;sich mit Händen und Füßen wehren umg auch fig fight tooth and nail;mit der Hand machen etc: by hand;von Hand gemacht/gemalt etc handmade/handpainted etc;zur linken/rechten oderlinker/rechter Hand on the left-hand/right-hand side;an +akk) take sth in hand;(mit) Hand anlegen lend a hand;Hand an sich (akk)legen euph commit suicide;letzte Hand an etwas (akk)legen add the finishing touches to;jemandem die Hand auflegen segnend: lay one’s hand on sb;schütteln shake hands with sb;(gib mir die) Hand drauf! (let’s) shake on it!;es war so dunkel, dass man die Hand nicht vor den Augen sehen konnte it was so dark you couldn’t see your hand in front of your face2. fig Wendungen, mit adj:die öffentliche Hand the authorities, the state;jemandes rechte Hand sb’s right-hand man ( oder woman);die Tote Hand JUR mortmain;aus bester Hand on good authority;aus erster Hand first-hand;ich hab’s aus erster Hand I got it straight from the horse’s mouth;aus privater Hand privately;eine feste Hand brauchen need a firm hand;sie ist in festen Händen umg she’s accounted for, she’s booked;jemandem freie Hand lassen give sb a free hand;in guten Händen sein be in good hands;geschickte Hand haben have the right touch (mit for);sie hat eine (glückliche) Hand mit she knows how to handle; mit Menschen, Pflanzen etc: she has a way with;besser als in die hohle Hand geschissen vulg better than a poke in the eye (with a burnt [US sharp] stick), better than nothing;beide Hände voll zu tun haben umg generell: have a lot on one’s plate; mit jemandem/etwas: have one’s hands full with sb/sth;mit beiden Händen zugreifen jump at the chance;von langer Hand long beforehand;mit leeren Händen dastehen/weggehen be left/go away empty-handed;jemandem etwas zu treuen Händen geben geh give sth to sb for safekeeping;mit vollen Händen liberally;sein Geld mit vollen Händen ausgeben throw one’s money about (US around);3. fig Wendungen, mit präp:jemandem etwas an die Hand geben (Argumente, Informationen etc) hand sb sth, pass sth on to sb, make sth available to sb;an der Hand haben umg know of, know where to find, be able to get hold of; (Person) auch have contacts with sb;(bar) auf die Hand cash in hand;jemanden auf Händen tragen wait on sb hand and foot;jemandem aus der Hand fressen umg eat out of sb’s hand;aus der Hand geben part with; (Posten etc) auch give up;lässt es nicht aus der Hand auch he won’t let go of it, he won’t let anyone else have it ( oder take it from him);mit Kritik ist er immer schnell bei der Hand umg he’s always very quick to criticize;durch jemandes Hände gehen go through sb’s hands;schon durch viele Hände gegangen sein have been through several hands;Hand in Hand arbeiten work together, cooperate (closely);das geht Hand in Hand mit … it goes hand in hand with …, it goes together with …;jemandem in die Hände arbeiten play into sb’s hands;in die Hände bekommen (etwas, jemanden) get one’s hands on;jemandem in die Hände fallen fall into sb’s hands;jemanden in der Hand haben have sb in one’s grip;etwas gegen jemanden in der Hand haben have sth on sb;sich in der Hand haben have everything under control, have a firm grip on o.s.;wir haben die Lage in der Hand we’ve got the situation under control;es liegt in deiner Hand it’s up to you;in jemandes Hand sein Person: be in sb’s hands, be up to sb;das Restaurant ist in griechischer Hand the restaurant is run by a Greek landlord;unser Hotel war fest in italienischer Hand the vast majority of guests in our hotel were Italians;in die Hände spucken umg, fig roll up one’s sleeves;jemandem etwas in die Hand versprechen promise sb sth ( oder sth to sb);seine Hand ins Feuer legen für put one’s hand into the fire for;die Hände in den Schoß legen (nicht arbeiten) take it easy; (sich untätig verhalten) sit on one’s hands;Hände im Spiel haben have a hand in it;die Sache in die Hand nehmen take the initiative;jemandem (etwas) in die Hände spielen play (sth) into sb’s hands;bitten ask for sb’s hand;unter der Hand (nicht offiziell) unofficially; (privat) kaufen etc: privately; (heimlich, illegal) under the counter; (nebenbei) on the side;jemandem unter den Händen zerrinnen Geld etc: go through sb’s fingers like water;die Arbeit geht ihm flott von der Hand he’s a fast worker;von der Hand in den Mund leben live from hand to mouth;es ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen it can’t be denied, there’s no denying ( oder getting away from) it;von jemandes Hand sterben etc geh die by sb’s hand;von Hand zu Hand gehen go ( oder be passed) from hand to hand;an die Hand gehen lend sb a hand;sie hat immer eine Antwort zur Hand auch she’s always got an answer pat (US ready), she’s never at a loss for words; → anhand, wegsterben4. fig sonstige Wendungen:hinhalten umg, meist pej hold out one’s hand;einander die Hand geben Ereignisse etc: follow hard on each other’s heels, happen in close succession;die Ereignisse gaben einander die Hand auch one thing led to another;jemandem die Hand (fürs Leben) reichen marry sb;jemandem die Hand zur Versöhnung reichen offer sb one’s hand as a sign of reconciliation;die beiden können einander die Hand reichen they’re two of a kind; im negativen Sinne: auch they’re as bad as each other, one’s as bad as the other; (sie sind in der gleichen Lage) they’re in the same boat;von seiner Hände Arbeit leben live by the work of one’s hands;sich (dat)die Hände reiben vor heimlicher Freude: rub one’s hands;eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichwort you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours, one hand washes the other obs;ich wasche meine Hände in Unschuld geh I wash my hands in innocence; → ausrutschen, gebunden B 2, küssen5. (Schrift) hand6. Kartenspiel: hand;eine gute/schlechte Hand a good/bad ( oder poor) hand;auf der Hand in one’s hand;aus der Hand spielen nicht vom Tisch, Dummy: play from one’s hand;(aus der) Hand spielen Skat: play from one’s hand (without picking up the discard)7. Fußball:(das war) Hand! handball!zwei Hand breit etwa a foot wide;* * *die; Hand, Hände1) handmit der rechten/linken Hand — with one's right/left hand
jemandem die Hand geben od. (geh.) reichen — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand
jemandem die Hand drücken/schütteln — press/shake somebody's hand
jemanden an die od. (geh.) bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand
jemandem etwas aus der Hand nehmen — take something out of somebody's hand/hands
etwas in die/zur Hand nehmen — pick something up
etwas in der Hand/den Händen haben od. (geh.) halten — have got or hold something in one's hand/hands
etwas mit der Hand schreiben/nähen — write/sew something by hand
Hand in Hand gehen — go or walk hand-in-hand
2) o. Pl. (Fußball) handballHand und Fuß/weder Hand noch Fuß haben — (ugs.) make sense/no sense
[bei etwas selbst mit] Hand anlegen — lend a hand [with something]; die od
seine Hand aufhalten — (ugs.) hold out one's hand
letzte Hand an etwas (Akk.) legen — put the finishing touches pl. to something
sich (Dat.) od. (geh.) alle od. beide Hände damit voll haben, etwas zu tun — (ugs.) have one's hands full doing something
bei etwas die od. seine Hände [mit] im Spiel haben — have a hand in something
die Hände über dem Kopf zusammenschlagen — (ugs.) throw up one's hands in horror
zwei linke Hände haben — (ugs.) have two left hands (coll.)
eine lockere od. lose Hand haben — (ugs.) hit out at the slightest provocation
linker/rechter Hand — on or to the left/right
[klar] auf der Hand liegen — (ugs.) be obvious
ein Auto/Möbel aus erster Hand — a car/furniture which has/had had one [previous] owner
etwas aus erster Hand wissen — know something at first hand; have first-hand knowledge of something
etwas aus der Hand geben — (weggeben) let something out of one's hands; (aufgeben) give something up
etwas bei der Hand haben — (greifbar haben) have something handy; (parat haben) have something ready
mit etwas schnell od. rasch bei der Hand sein — (ugs.) be ready [with something]
in die Hände spucken — spit on one's hands; (fig. ugs.) roll up one's sleeves (fig.)
jemanden/etwas in die Hand od. Hände bekommen — lay or get one's hands on somebody/get one's hands on something
jemanden in der Hand haben — have or hold somebody in the palm of one's hand
in jemandes Hand (Dat.) sein od. (geh.) liegen — be in somebody's hands
in sicheren od. guten Händen sein — be in safe or good hands
sich mit Händen und Füßen gegen etwas sträuben od. wehren — (ugs.) fight tooth and nail against something
um jemandes Hand anhalten od. bitten — (geh. veralt.) ask for somebody's hand [in marriage]
unter der Hand — (fig.) on the quiet
das geht ihm gut/leicht von der Hand — he finds that no trouble
die Nachteile/seine Argumente sind nicht von der Hand zu weisen — the disadvantages cannot be denied/his arguments cannot [simply] be dismissed
zu Händen [von] Herrn Müller — for the attention of Herr Müller; attention Herr Müller; s. auch öffentlich 1.
4)* * *¨-e f.hand n. -
70 cabeza
f.1 head.me duele la cabeza I've got a headachelavarse la cabeza to wash one's hairpor cabeza per headtirarse de cabeza (al agua) to dive (into the water)cabeza de ajo head of garliccabeza (lectora) (gen)&(computing) headcabeza nuclear nuclear warhead2 unit.3 lead, leading position.* * *1 (gen) head3 (de región) main town1 (jefe) head, leader\a la cabeza de at the front of, at the top ofandar de cabeza / ir de cabeza to be rushed off one's feetandar de cabeza por alguien to be crazy about somebodycabeza abajo upside downcabeza arriba the right way up, uprightcalentarse la cabeza por algo to get worked up about somethingdarse de cabeza contra algo to bang one's head against somethingde pies a cabeza from head to toe, from top to toeestar mal de la cabeza figurado not to be right in the headírsele a uno la cabeza figurado to feel dizzymeterse algo en la cabeza familiar to get something into one's headno tener ni pies ni cabeza figurado to be absurd, make no sensepasarle a alguien por la cabeza figurado to occur to somebodyperder la cabeza figurado to lose one's headquitarle a alguien algo de la cabeza figurado to talk somebody out of somethingquitarse algo de la cabeza to get something out of one's head, forget somethingser un cabeza dura to be stubbornsubirse algo a la cabeza figurado to go to one's headtengo la cabeza como un bombo familiar my head is splittingtirarse de cabeza to dive head first (a/en, into)traer a alguien de cabeza / llevar a alguien de cabeza to drive somebody crazy, drive somebody madvolver la cabeza to look roundcabeza cuadrada familiar bigotcabeza de ajo bulb of garliccabeza de chorlito familiar scatterbraincabeza de espárrago asparagus tipcabeza de lista main candidatecabeza de partido administrative capitalcabeza de puente bridgeheadcabeza de turco scapegoatcabeza hueca scatterbraincabeza loca familiar scatterbraincabeza rapada skinhead* * *noun f.- cabeza de serie
- cabeza de turco
- cabeza dura* * *1. SF1) [de persona] headme duele la cabeza — I've got a headache, my head aches
•
afirmar con la cabeza — to nod (one's head)•
agarrarse la cabeza — to hold one's head in one's hands•
asentir con la cabeza — to nod (one's head)•
caer de cabeza — to fall headfirst o headlongmarcar de cabeza — (Dep) to score with a header
•
lavarse la cabeza — to wash one's hair•
negar con la cabeza — to shake one's head•
por cabeza, cinco dólares por cabeza — five dollars a head, five dollars per person•
se me va la cabeza — I feel giddy•
volver la cabeza — to look round, turn one's headal oírlos volví la cabeza — when I heard them I looked round o turned my head
•
me da vueltas la cabeza — my head's spinning2)- andar o ir de cabezacortar cabezas —
írsele a algn de la cabeza —
el Sporting sigue sin levantar cabeza — Sporting still haven't managed to end their poor run of form, Sporting haven't managed to turn the corner
hay sectores como la construcción que empiezan a levantar cabeza — some sectors, such as construction, are starting to pick up
estar mal de la cabeza *, no estar bien de la cabeza * —
meter algo en la cabeza a algn —
por fin le metimos en la cabeza que... — we finally got it into his head that...
metérsele a algn en la cabeza —
se le ha metido en la cabeza hacerlo solo — he's taken o got it into his head to do it alone
pasársele a algn por la cabeza —
subirse a la cabeza —
3) (=frente)•
a la cabeza de, a la cabeza de la manifestación — at the head o front of the demonstration•
ir en cabeza — to be in the leadir en cabeza de la lista — to be at the top of the list, head the list
4) (=distancia) head5) [de montaña] top, summit6) (=objeto)cabeza buscadora — homing head, homing device
cabeza de biela — (Mec) big end
cabeza de dragón — (Bot) snapdragon
cabeza de escritura — (Tip) golf ball
cabeza de impresión — (Inform) head, printhead
cabeza de plátanos — LAm bunch of bananas
cabeza impresora — (Inform) head, printhead
2. SMF1) (=líder) head, leaderes cabeza de las fuerzas armadas — he's head o the leader of the armed forces
2)cabeza cuadrada — * bigot
cabeza de chorlito — * scatterbrain
cabeza de serie — (Dep) seed
cabeza de serrín — * airhead *
cabeza pelada — ( Hist) Roundhead
cabeza visible — head, leader
* * *1)a) (Anat) headun día vas a perder la cabeza — (fam & hum) you'd lose your head if it wasn't screwed on (colloq & hum)
de la cabeza a los pies — from head to toe o foot
pararse en la or de cabeza — (AmL) to do a headstand
b) ( medida) headle lleva or saca una cabeza a su hermana — he's a head taller than his sister
c) ( pelo) haird) ( inteligencia)tiene cabeza — he's bright, he has a good head on his shoulders
qué poca cabeza! — have you/has he no sense?
e) ( mente)tú estás mal de la cabeza — you're out of your mind
se le ha metido en la cabeza que... — she's got it into her head that...
andar or ir de cabeza — (fam)
ando de cabeza con tanto trabajo — I'm up to my eyeballs o eyes in work
anda de cabeza por ella — he's crazy about her
calentarle a algn la cabeza con algo — (fam) to fill sb's head with sth
calentarse la cabeza — (fam) to get worked up (colloq)
cortar cabezas: en cuanto asumió el cargo entró a cortar cabezas as soon as she took up her post, heads started to roll; darse (con) la cabeza contra la pared ver cabezazo; ir con la cabeza ( bien) alta to hold one's head high; írsele a algn la cabeza: se me va la cabeza I feel dizzy; jugarse la cabeza (RPl fam): va a llegar tarde, me juego la cabeza you can bet your bottom dollar she'll be late (colloq); levantar cabeza (fam) ( superar problemas) to get back on one's feet; levantar la cabeza: ha estado estudiando sin levantar la cabeza she's had her head buried in her work; si tu padre levantara la cabeza! if your father was alive today...!; meterse de cabeza en algo (fam) to throw oneself into sth; no caberle a algn en la cabeza (fam): no me cabe en la cabeza que te guste I just can't understand how you can like it; en qué cabeza cabe! how could anyone be so stupid!; perder la cabeza: no perdamos la cabeza let's not panic o lose our heads; perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that woman; quebrarse la cabeza (Andes fam) to rack one's brains; quitarle a algn algo de la cabeza to get sth out of sb's head; quitarse algo de la cabeza < idea> to get sth out of one's head; romperse la cabeza (fam) ( preocuparse) to rack one's brains; ( lastimarse) to break one's neck (colloq); sentar (la) cabeza (fam) to settle down; subírsele a algn a la cabeza vino/éxito to go to one's head; tener la cabeza sobre los hombros (fam) to have one's head screwed on tight (AmE colloq) o (BrE colloq) screwed on; tener la cabeza llena de pájaros (fam) to have one's head in the clouds; tengo/tiene la cabeza como un bombo (fam) (me/le duele) my/his/her head feels ready to burst (colloq); (estoy/está confundido) my/his/her head's spinning; traer or llevar a algn de cabeza (fam) to drive sb crazy (colloq); nadie escarmienta en cabeza ajena — people only learn from their own mistakes
2)a) ( individuo)por cabeza — each, a head
b) ( de ganado) head3) (primer lugar, delantera)a la or en cabeza: estamos a la cabeza del sector we are the leading company in this sector; se colocaron a la cabeza de los otros partidos they took the lead over the other parties; iban a la cabeza de la manifestación they were at the front o head of the demonstration; el equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación — the team is at the top of the division
4)a) (de alfiler, clavo, fósforo) headb) ( de misil) warhead5) (Audio, Video) head6) ( de plátanos) hand, bunch•* * *= head, knocker.Ex. From the way his left shoulder is tipped forward, from the set of his head and the length of his stride, one gets the feeling that he is a fully clothed sprinter just leaving the starting blocks.Ex. He got hit with a cricket ball, smack right on top of his knocker.----* abrirse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head, smash + Posesivo + head open.* águila de cabeza blanca = bald eagle.* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.* apostarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.* asentimiento con la cabeza = head-nod [head nod], nodding assent, nod.* asentir con la cabeza = nod, nod + assent, concur with + an assenting nod, agree with + a nod.* asomar la cabeza = poke + Posesivo + head, pop + Posesivo + head.* caber en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around.* cabeza de ajo = head of garlic, bulb of garlic.* cabeza de chorlito = scatterbrain, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, empty-headed, bonehead, birdbrain, nong, ning-nong.* cabeza de familia = head of the household, householder, head of the family.* cabeza de impresión = print head.* cabeza de la manada = leader of the pack.* cabeza de lanza = spearhead.* cabeza de lectura = scanning head.* cabeza de línea = railhead.* cabeza de muñeco que se balancea ligeramente = bobble head.* cabeza de playa = beachhead.* cabeza de puente = bridgehead.* cabeza de puente aéreo = airhead.* cabeza de semillas = seed head.* cabeza de serrín = ditz, dits, airhead, airheaded.* cabeza de turco = patsy, scapegoat, whipping boy.* cabeza dura = pigheaded.* cabeza fría = cool head.* cabeza hueca = empty-headed, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, bonehead, nong, ning-nong.* cabeza lectora = read head, reading head.* cabeza lectora de disco = disc reading head.* cabeza llena de pájaros = head in the clouds.* cabeza nuclear = warhead.* cabeza + rodar = head + roll.* caer de cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.* cigüeña de cabeza pelada = wood stork.* con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].* cortar la cabeza = behead.* dar quebraderos de cabeza = give + headaches.* declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.* de pies a cabeza = from head to toe, from head to foot.* desde la cabeza hasta los pies = from head to toe.* desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to foot.* destornillador de cabeza plana = flathead screwdriver.* dolor de cabeza = headache.* dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.* echar una cana al aire antes de sentar la cabeza = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.* en + Posesivo + cabeza = on + Posesivo + mind.* entrar en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get it into + Posesivo + head.* esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.* herida en la cabeza = head injury.* irse la cabeza = go + bananas.* írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.* jugarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.* lanzarse de cabeza = jump in with + both feet.* lavarse la cabeza = wash + Posesive + hair, shampoo + Posesivo + hair.* lesión en la cabeza = head injury.* levantar la cabeza = cock + Posesivo + head.* liarse la manta a la cabeza = jump in + head first, jump in at + the deep end, throw + caution to the wind.* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.* meter en la cabeza = get it into + Posesivo + head.* mover la cabeza = shake + head.* mover la cabeza de arriba abajo = bob.* mover la cabeza de forma brusca hacia delante y hacia atrás = jerk + head.* no dejar títere con cabeza = turn + everything upside down.* no encontrar ni el pie ni la cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.* no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.* no tener ni pies ni cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of, be pointless.* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.* pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.* pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.* perder la cabeza = lose + Posesivo + mind, lose + Posesivo + head, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, fly off + the handle, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go + soft in the head.* piojo de la cabeza = head louse.* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.* por cabeza = per person.* quebradero de cabeza = headache.* rascarse la cabeza = scratch + Posesivo + head.* reventarse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head.* romperse la cabeza = puzzle + Reflexivo, scratch + Posesivo + head, rack + Posesivo + brains.* sentar la cabeza = settle down.* señal con la cabeza = nod.* sin cabeza = headless, decapitated.* sin pies ni cabeza = without rhyme or reason.* subírsele a la cabeza, creérselo = go to + Posesivo + head.* subírsele los humos a la cabeza = get + too big for + Posesivo + boots, get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.* tirarse de cabeza = jump in + head first, dive in, dive + head-first.* * *1)a) (Anat) headun día vas a perder la cabeza — (fam & hum) you'd lose your head if it wasn't screwed on (colloq & hum)
de la cabeza a los pies — from head to toe o foot
pararse en la or de cabeza — (AmL) to do a headstand
b) ( medida) headle lleva or saca una cabeza a su hermana — he's a head taller than his sister
c) ( pelo) haird) ( inteligencia)tiene cabeza — he's bright, he has a good head on his shoulders
qué poca cabeza! — have you/has he no sense?
e) ( mente)tú estás mal de la cabeza — you're out of your mind
se le ha metido en la cabeza que... — she's got it into her head that...
andar or ir de cabeza — (fam)
ando de cabeza con tanto trabajo — I'm up to my eyeballs o eyes in work
anda de cabeza por ella — he's crazy about her
calentarle a algn la cabeza con algo — (fam) to fill sb's head with sth
calentarse la cabeza — (fam) to get worked up (colloq)
cortar cabezas: en cuanto asumió el cargo entró a cortar cabezas as soon as she took up her post, heads started to roll; darse (con) la cabeza contra la pared ver cabezazo; ir con la cabeza ( bien) alta to hold one's head high; írsele a algn la cabeza: se me va la cabeza I feel dizzy; jugarse la cabeza (RPl fam): va a llegar tarde, me juego la cabeza you can bet your bottom dollar she'll be late (colloq); levantar cabeza (fam) ( superar problemas) to get back on one's feet; levantar la cabeza: ha estado estudiando sin levantar la cabeza she's had her head buried in her work; si tu padre levantara la cabeza! if your father was alive today...!; meterse de cabeza en algo (fam) to throw oneself into sth; no caberle a algn en la cabeza (fam): no me cabe en la cabeza que te guste I just can't understand how you can like it; en qué cabeza cabe! how could anyone be so stupid!; perder la cabeza: no perdamos la cabeza let's not panic o lose our heads; perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that woman; quebrarse la cabeza (Andes fam) to rack one's brains; quitarle a algn algo de la cabeza to get sth out of sb's head; quitarse algo de la cabeza < idea> to get sth out of one's head; romperse la cabeza (fam) ( preocuparse) to rack one's brains; ( lastimarse) to break one's neck (colloq); sentar (la) cabeza (fam) to settle down; subírsele a algn a la cabeza vino/éxito to go to one's head; tener la cabeza sobre los hombros (fam) to have one's head screwed on tight (AmE colloq) o (BrE colloq) screwed on; tener la cabeza llena de pájaros (fam) to have one's head in the clouds; tengo/tiene la cabeza como un bombo (fam) (me/le duele) my/his/her head feels ready to burst (colloq); (estoy/está confundido) my/his/her head's spinning; traer or llevar a algn de cabeza (fam) to drive sb crazy (colloq); nadie escarmienta en cabeza ajena — people only learn from their own mistakes
2)a) ( individuo)por cabeza — each, a head
b) ( de ganado) head3) (primer lugar, delantera)a la or en cabeza: estamos a la cabeza del sector we are the leading company in this sector; se colocaron a la cabeza de los otros partidos they took the lead over the other parties; iban a la cabeza de la manifestación they were at the front o head of the demonstration; el equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación — the team is at the top of the division
4)a) (de alfiler, clavo, fósforo) headb) ( de misil) warhead5) (Audio, Video) head6) ( de plátanos) hand, bunch•* * *= head, knocker.Ex: From the way his left shoulder is tipped forward, from the set of his head and the length of his stride, one gets the feeling that he is a fully clothed sprinter just leaving the starting blocks.
Ex: He got hit with a cricket ball, smack right on top of his knocker.* abrirse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head, smash + Posesivo + head open.* águila de cabeza blanca = bald eagle.* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.* apostarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.* asentimiento con la cabeza = head-nod [head nod], nodding assent, nod.* asentir con la cabeza = nod, nod + assent, concur with + an assenting nod, agree with + a nod.* asomar la cabeza = poke + Posesivo + head, pop + Posesivo + head.* caber en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around.* cabeza de ajo = head of garlic, bulb of garlic.* cabeza de chorlito = scatterbrain, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, empty-headed, bonehead, birdbrain, nong, ning-nong.* cabeza de familia = head of the household, householder, head of the family.* cabeza de impresión = print head.* cabeza de la manada = leader of the pack.* cabeza de lanza = spearhead.* cabeza de lectura = scanning head.* cabeza de línea = railhead.* cabeza de muñeco que se balancea ligeramente = bobble head.* cabeza de playa = beachhead.* cabeza de puente = bridgehead.* cabeza de puente aéreo = airhead.* cabeza de semillas = seed head.* cabeza de serrín = ditz, dits, airhead, airheaded.* cabeza de turco = patsy, scapegoat, whipping boy.* cabeza dura = pigheaded.* cabeza fría = cool head.* cabeza hueca = empty-headed, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, bonehead, nong, ning-nong.* cabeza lectora = read head, reading head.* cabeza lectora de disco = disc reading head.* cabeza llena de pájaros = head in the clouds.* cabeza nuclear = warhead.* cabeza + rodar = head + roll.* caer de cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.* cigüeña de cabeza pelada = wood stork.* con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].* cortar la cabeza = behead.* dar quebraderos de cabeza = give + headaches.* declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.* de pies a cabeza = from head to toe, from head to foot.* desde la cabeza hasta los pies = from head to toe.* desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to foot.* destornillador de cabeza plana = flathead screwdriver.* dolor de cabeza = headache.* dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.* echar una cana al aire antes de sentar la cabeza = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.* en + Posesivo + cabeza = on + Posesivo + mind.* entrar en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get it into + Posesivo + head.* esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.* herida en la cabeza = head injury.* irse la cabeza = go + bananas.* írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.* jugarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.* lanzarse de cabeza = jump in with + both feet.* lavarse la cabeza = wash + Posesive + hair, shampoo + Posesivo + hair.* lesión en la cabeza = head injury.* levantar la cabeza = cock + Posesivo + head.* liarse la manta a la cabeza = jump in + head first, jump in at + the deep end, throw + caution to the wind.* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.* meter en la cabeza = get it into + Posesivo + head.* mover la cabeza = shake + head.* mover la cabeza de arriba abajo = bob.* mover la cabeza de forma brusca hacia delante y hacia atrás = jerk + head.* no dejar títere con cabeza = turn + everything upside down.* no encontrar ni el pie ni la cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.* no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.* no tener ni pies ni cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of, be pointless.* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.* pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.* pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.* perder la cabeza = lose + Posesivo + mind, lose + Posesivo + head, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, fly off + the handle, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go + soft in the head.* piojo de la cabeza = head louse.* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.* por cabeza = per person.* quebradero de cabeza = headache.* rascarse la cabeza = scratch + Posesivo + head.* reventarse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head.* romperse la cabeza = puzzle + Reflexivo, scratch + Posesivo + head, rack + Posesivo + brains.* sentar la cabeza = settle down.* señal con la cabeza = nod.* sin cabeza = headless, decapitated.* sin pies ni cabeza = without rhyme or reason.* subírsele a la cabeza, creérselo = go to + Posesivo + head.* subírsele los humos a la cabeza = get + too big for + Posesivo + boots, get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.* tirarse de cabeza = jump in + head first, dive in, dive + head-first.* * *A1 ( Anat) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] headnegó con la cabeza she shook her headasintió con la cabeza he nodded, he nodded his headsacó la cabeza por la ventanilla he stuck o put his head out of the windowvolvió la cabeza para ver si lo seguían he looked around o turned his head to see if he was being followedbajó la cabeza avergonzado he lowered his head in shameme duele la cabeza I've got a headache, my head acheses para darse de or la cabeza contra la pared it's enough to make you cryse tiró al agua de cabeza she dived into the water (head first)marcó de cabeza he scored with a header o with his head, he headed the ball into the netun día vas a perder la cabeza ( fam hum); you'd lose your head if it wasn't screwed on ( colloq hum)me unté de grasa de la cabeza hasta los pies I got covered in grease from head to toe o footpararse en la or de cabeza ( AmL); to stand on one's head, to do a headstand2 (medida) headganó por una cabeza he won by a headle lleva una cabeza a su hermana he's a head taller than his sister, his sister only comes up to his shoulder3 (pelo) hairme tengo que lavar la cabeza I have to wash my hair4(inteligencia): tiene cabeza, pero es muy vago he's bright o ( AmE) smart o he has a good head on his shoulders, but he's very lazyal pobre niño no le da la cabeza the poor kid doesn't have the brains for itusa la cabeza use your headnunca tuve cabeza para las ciencias I never had a head for scienceno lo copié, salió todo de mi cabeza I didn't copy it, it was all out of my own head¡qué poca cabeza! have you/has he no sense?5(mente): ¡que cabeza la mía! se me había olvidado completamente su cumpleaños what a memory! I had totally forgotten her birthdaytenía la cabeza en otra cosa my mind was elsewhere o I was thinking about something elsetú estás mal or no estás bien de la cabeza you're crazy, you're out of your mind, you're out of ( AmE) o ( BrE) off your head ( colloq)con tantos halagos se le llenó la cabeza de humos all that praise went to his headse me ha ido de la cabeza it's gone right out of my head¿quién te ha metido esas ideas en la cabeza? who's put those ideas into your head?se le ha metido en la cabeza que se quiere casar she's got it into her head that she wants to get marriedle dije lo primero que me vino a la cabeza I said the first thing that came into my headjamás se me pasó por la cabeza semejante idea the idea never even crossed my mindya te puedes ir quitando or sacando a esa mujer de la cabeza you'd better start getting that woman out of your head, you'd better start forgetting about that womananda de cabeza por ella he's crazy about hercalentarle a algn la cabeza con algo ( fam); to fill sb's head with sthcomo malo de la cabeza ( fam): se puso a comer como malo de la cabeza he stuffed himself silly ( colloq), he ate like there was no tomorrow ( colloq)cortar cabezas: en cuanto asumió el cargo entró a cortar cabezas as soon as she took up her post, heads started to rollir con la cabeza alta to hold one's head highírsele a algn la cabeza: se me va la cabeza I feel dizzyjugarse la cabeza ( RPl fam): seguro que llega tarde, me juego la cabeza you can bet your life o your bottom dollar she'll be late ( colloq)levantar cabeza ( fam); to get back on one's feetaún tienen muchas deudas pero ya levantarán cabeza they've still got a lot of debts but they'll pull through o pick themselves up o get back on their feetla selección no levanta cabeza the national team can't get out of its rutlevantar la cabeza: ha estado estudiando todo el día sin levantar la cabeza she's had her head buried in her work all day¡si tu padre levantara la cabeza! your father would turn in his grave!, if your father was alive today … !meterse de cabeza en algo ( fam); to throw oneself into sthno caberle a algn en la cabeza ( fam): no me cabe en la cabeza que te guste vivir aquí I just can't understand how you like living here¡en qué cabeza cabe meter un plato de plástico en el horno! who'd be stupid enough to put a plastic plate in the oven?perder la cabeza: tranquilidad, no perdamos la cabeza keep calm, let's not panic o lose our heads¿has perdido la cabeza? have you gone crazy?, are you out of your mind?perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that womanromperse or ( Andes) quebrarse la cabeza ( fam) (preocuparse) to rack one's brains; (lastimarse) to break one's neck ( colloq)sentar (la) cabeza ( fam); to settle downser duro de cabeza ( fam); to be stupidsubírsele a algn a la cabeza: el vino/éxito se le ha subido a la cabeza the wine/her success has gone to her headtener la cabeza como un bombo ( fam): tengo la cabeza como un bombo (me duele) I have o I've got a splitting headache! ( colloq), my head feels ready o ( BrE) fit to burst ( colloq) (estoy confundido) my head's spinning, my head feels ready o ( BrE) fit to burst ( colloq)tener la cabeza como un colador to have a head like a sievetener la cabeza en su sitio or bien puesta or sobre los hombros ( fam); to have one's head screwed on tight ( AmE colloq), to have one's head screwed on ( BrE colloq)tener la cabeza llena de pájaros ( fam); to have one's head in the clouds, be living in a fantasy world, be living in cloud-cuckoo-landtrae a los hombres de cabeza she drives men wild o crazy ( colloq)más vale ser cabeza de ratón que cola de león it's better to be a big fish in a small pond than a small fish in a big pondnadie escarmienta en cabeza ajena people only learn from their own mistakes, you have to make your own mistakesCompuestos:hablaban cabezas de pescado they were talking a load of nonsense ( colloq)masculine and feminine scapegoatAmasculine and feminine skinheadB1(individuo): por cabeza each, a headpagamos $50 por cabeza we paid $50 a head o each2 (de ganado) headtienen más de 600 cabezas (de ganado) they have more than 600 head of cattleC(primer lugar, delantera): se hizo con la cabeza she got to the front, she went into the leada la or en cabeza: estamos a la cabeza de las empresas del sector we are the leading company in this sectorse colocaron a la cabeza de los otros partidos en los sondeos they took the lead over the other parties in the opinion pollsiban a la cabeza de la manifestación they were at the front o head of the demonstration, they were leading o heading the demonstrationel equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación the team is at the top of o leads the divisionCompuestos:masculine and feminine leader, lead climbermasculine and feminine head of the familymasculine head of the Churchfeminine beachheadfeminine bridgeheadderrotó a Guillén, cabeza de serie número cuatro he beat Guillén, seeded number four o the fourth seed o the number four seedD1 (de un alfiler, un clavo, una cerilla) head2 (de un misil) warheadCompuestos:atomic warhead● cabeza de biela or émbolomain bearing, big end ( BrE)warheadnuclear warheadCompuestos:write headrecording headplayback headplayback headF (de plátanos) hand, bunchCompuesto:bulb of garlicG (de un camión) tractor unit* * *
cabeza sustantivo femenino
1a) (Anat) head;◊ de la cabeza a los pies from head to toe o foot;
me duele la cabeza I've got a headache;
marcó de cabeza he scored with a header;
pararse en la or de cabeza (AmL) to do a headstand;
cabeza rapada skinhead
d) ( inteligencia):
¡qué poca cabeza! have you/has he no sense?e) ( mente):◊ ¡que cabeza la mía! what a memory!;
tú estás mal de la cabeza you're out of your mind;
se me ha ido de la cabeza it's gone right out of my head;
se le ha metido en la cabeza que … she's got it into her head that …;
no se me pasó por la cabeza it didn't cross my mind;
cabeza de chorlito sustantivo masculino y femenino (fam) scatterbrain (colloq);
írsele a algn la cabeza to feel dizzy;
levantar cabeza (fam) ( superar problemas) to get back on one's feet;
perder la cabeza: no perdamos la cabeza let's not panic o lose our heads;
perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that woman;
quitarle a algn algo de la cabeza to get sth out of sb's head;
romperse la cabeza (fam) ( preocuparse) to rack one's brains;
( lastimarse) to break one's neck (colloq);
tener la cabeza llena de pájaros (fam) to have one's head in the clouds
2a) ( individuo):
3 (primer lugar, delantera):
a la cabeza de la manifestación at the front o head of the demonstration;
el equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación the team is at the top of the division;
cabeza de familia head of the family;
cabeza de serie seed
4
5 (Audio, Video) head
6 ( de plátanos) hand, bunch;
cabeza sustantivo femenino
1 head: le dolía la cabeza, she had a headache
2 (sentido común) sense
3 (mente) mind, head: no se me pasó por la cabeza it didn't even occur to me
no puedo quitármelo de la cabeza, I can't get it out of my mind
me vino a la cabeza la idea, the idea sprang to my mind
4 (habilidad) no tiene cabeza para los negocios, he hasn't got a good head for business
5 (cabellera) hair: se lavó la cabeza, he washed his hair
6 (responsable, líder) es la cabeza pensante de la banda, he's the brains behind the gang
la cabeza de la Iglesia Anglicana, the head of the Anglican Church
cabeza de familia, head of the family 7 cabeza de ajo, bulb of garlic
8 familiar cabeza de chorlito, scatterbrain, featherhead
cabeza dura, stubborn o obstinate person
cabeza de turco, scapegoat
cabeza rapada, skinhead
Dep cabeza de serie, heat, seed: jugará contra el cabeza de serie número 2, she's going to play against the second seed
9 cabeza de ganado, head of cattle
♦ Locuciones: a la cabeza de, at the front o top of
con la cabeza alta, with one's head held high: puedes decirlo con la cabeza bien alta, you can say it with your head held high
de cabeza, (de lleno) completely
(en natación) se tiró de cabeza a la piscina, he dived headfirst into the pool
Dep metió un gol de cabeza, he headed a goal
en cabeza, in the lead
estar mal/tocado de la cabeza, to be a mental case
perder la cabeza, to lose one's temper
rodar cabezas: si baja la cotización, van a rodar cabezas, if the share price goes down heads will roll
romperse la cabeza, to rack one's brains
traer a alguien de cabeza, to drive sb mad
por cabeza, per person: debemos poner cinco mil pesetas por cabeza, we should charge five thousand pesetas per head
sentar la cabeza: ya tienes edad de sentar la cabeza, it's about time you settled down
' cabeza' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acéfala
- acéfalo
- ajo
- asentir
- bajar
- brecha
- cabecear
- caber
- cabezazo
- cabezón
- cabezona
- cabezudo
- calentar
- calentarse
- cantidad
- casco
- chorlito
- coco
- dar
- descolgarse
- descontar
- desgraciada
- desgraciado
- entrar
- escalabrar
- escarmentar
- gacha
- gacho
- girar
- hueca
- hueco
- inclinar
- infernal
- jaqueca
- ladear
- matar
- melón
- mover
- negación
- pájaro
- pañuelo
- pie
- por
- quebradero
- reclinar
- remate
- reposar
- romperse
- rondar
- sacar
English:
above
- ache
- aching
- ahead
- bad
- balance
- bang
- bare
- bash
- bash in
- bend
- bonk
- bow
- bump
- catch up
- clear
- cock
- crack
- crush
- crushing
- dive
- dizzy
- excruciating
- giddy
- grave
- hair
- hammer
- hang
- head
- head-first
- headache
- headroom
- hit
- hold
- idea
- incline
- keep down
- knock
- lead
- lift
- look round
- lose
- mind
- monstrous
- nod
- nut
- one-track
- overhead
- pat
- per capita
* * *♦ nf1. [de persona, animal] head;me duele la cabeza I've got a headache;de cabeza [en fútbol] with a header;marcó de cabeza he scored with his head o with a header, he headed a goal;tirarse de cabeza (al agua) to dive (into the water);se tiró de cabeza a la piscina she dived into the pool;Amen cabeza [sin sombrero] bareheaded;le lleva una cabeza a su madre she's a head taller than her mother;Famle abrieron la cabeza de un ladrillazo they split his skull with a brick;lavarse la cabeza to wash one's hair;Famdesde que perdieron la final, no han conseguido alzar o [m5] levantar cabeza they still haven't recovered from losing the final, they still haven't managed to pick themselves up after losing the final;¡si tu padre levantara la cabeza…! your father would turn in his grave…!;Famno te calientes más la cabeza, no hay nada que hacer stop getting worked up o Br het up about it, there's nothing we can do;con la cabeza (bien) alta with one's head held high;Famla cabeza me da vueltas my head's spinning;darse de cabeza en la pared: se dio de cabeza en la pared por haber actuado tan torpemente she kicked herself for behaving so stupidly;Famse me va la cabeza [me mareo] I feel dizzy;RP Famjugarse la cabeza to be absolutely sure;¿te parece que al final se van a casar? – ¡me juego la cabeza! do you think that they'll end up getting married? – you can bet on it!;me juego la cabeza que hoy gana Nacional I'll give you any odds Nacional wins today;meter la cabeza to get one's foot in the door;meterse de cabeza en algo to plunge into sth;Famtengo la cabeza como un bombo my head is throbbing;Famme estás poniendo la cabeza como un bombo con tantas preguntas estúpidas you're making my head spin o hurt with all those stupid questions;Famrodar cabezas: si no se producen resultados, rodarán cabezas if things don't get better, heads will roll;Famle amenazó con romperle la cabeza he threatened to smash her head in o to bash her brains in;sacar la cabeza [aparecer] to show one's face;[atreverse] to speak up; Famsubirse a la cabeza: se le subió a la cabeza it went to his head;el vino se le subió a la cabeza the wine went to her head;se le ha subido a la cabeza el ascenso his promotion has gone to his head;Fam Famtener la cabeza como una olla de grillos to be round the bend;Famtenía la cabeza en otra parte my mind was wandering, my thoughts were elsewhere;Famtener la cabeza en su sitio o [m5] bien puesta to have a sound head on one's shoulders, to have one's head screwed on (properly);volver la cabeza [negar el saludo] to turn away;más vale ser cabeza de ratón que cola de león it's better to reign in Hell than to serve in HeavenCulin cabeza de jabalí Br brawn, US headcheese Famno me cabe en la cabeza I simply can't understand it;no me cabe en la cabeza que haya sido él I can't believe it was him;írsele a alguien de la cabeza: se me ha ido completamente de la cabeza it's gone clean out of my mind o head;no consigo que el accidente se me vaya de la cabeza I can't get the accident out of my mind;meter algo en la cabeza a alguien to get sth into sb's head;métete en la cabeza que no vas a poder ir get it into your head that you're not going to be able to go;se le ha metido en la cabeza que… he has got it into his head that…;se me pasó por la cabeza it crossed my mind;venir a la cabeza to come to mind;ahora no me viene a la cabeza I can't think of it right now;me he olvidado, ¡qué mala cabeza tengo! how silly of me to forget!tener mucha cabeza to have brains3. [juicio] sense;tener poca cabeza to have no sense;obrar con cabeza to use one's head;tener mala cabeza to act foolishly;perder la cabeza to lose one's head;Pedro ha perdido la cabeza por esa chica Pedro has lost his head over that girl;¿has perdido la cabeza o qué? are you out of your mind?4. [posición] front, head;cabeza abajo upside down;cabeza arriba the right way up;[en lista] at the top o head;el equipo francés está a la cabeza de la clasificación the French team is top of the league;está situado en (la) cabeza del pelotón he's at the front of the pack, he's amongst the leaders of the pack;a la cabeza de [delante de] at the head of;[al cargo de] in charge of;estar a la cabeza de la empresa to run the company;Juan está a la cabeza de la expedición Juan is the leader of the expedition;la cabeza visible del movimiento the public face of the movementcabeza de mina coalface; Mil cabeza de playa beachhead; Mil & Fig cabeza de puente bridgehead;5. [de clavo, alfiler, fémur, cometa] headcabeza de ajo head of garlic;cabeza atómica nuclear warhead;Aut cabeza de biela big end; Informát & TV cabeza de borrado erase head;cabeza buscadora [en misil] homing device;cabeza de combate warhead;cabeza grabadora [en vídeo, casete] recording head;cabeza de guerra warhead;cabeza lectora [en vídeo, casete] (read) head;Informát cabeza lectora-grabadora read-write head;cabeza magnética magnetic head;cabeza nuclear nuclear warhead;cabeza reproductora [en vídeo, casete] (playback) head7.por cabeza [persona] per head;costará 500 por cabeza it will cost 500 per head;pagamos diez euros por cabeza we paid ten euros each9. CompEsp Famesta semana voy de cabeza y no he tenido tiempo de llamar a nadie I'm really snowed under this week and I haven't had time to call anyone;Espescarmentar en cabeza ajena to learn from another's mistakes;RPdarle por la cabeza a alguien to really lay o slang into sb;Famir de cabeza a to head straight for;Esp Famir de cabeza con alguien [enamorado] to be head over heels in love with sb;Esp Famllevar a alguien de cabeza: los hijos la llevan de cabeza the children drive her up the wall;Famsentar la cabeza to settle down;Fam(estar) tocado de la cabeza (to be) touched;Esp Famtraer de cabeza a alguien to drive sb mad♦ nmfFam cabeza de chorlito [despistado] scatterbrain; [estúpido] airhead; Fam cabeza cuadrada:es un cabeza cuadrada he's got his ideas and he won't listen to anyone else;Fam cabeza dura:es un cabeza dura he's got his ideas and he won't listen to anyone else;cabeza de familia head of the family;Fam cabeza hueca airhead; Pol cabeza de lista = person who heads a party's list of candidates;va como cabeza de lista por Salamanca he's the head of the party list for Salamanca;Fam cabeza loca airhead; RP cabeza de novia airhead;cabeza pensante: [m5] las cabezas pensantes de la derecha venezolana the policy-makers of the Venezuelan right;las cabezas pensantes de la organización the brains behind the organization;cabeza rapada skinhead;Dep cabeza de serie seed;el primer cabeza de serie se enfrenta al segundo the top o number one seed will play the second o number two seed;cabeza de turco scapegoat* * *I f1 ANAT head;no estar bien de la cabeza fam not be right in the head fam ;írsele la cabeza feel giddy o dizzy;con la cabeza alta with one’s head held high;subírsele a alguien a la cabeza fig go to s.o.’s head;llevarse las manos a la cabeza fig throw one’s hands up (in the air);andar oir de cabeza be snowed under;sentar la cabeza settle down;levantar cabeza ( recuperarse) pick up;no levantar cabeza fig be knocked sideways;tras la derrota, el equipo no consiguió levantar cabeza the team was knocked sideways by the defeat2 ( razón):perder la cabeza fig lose one’s head;llevar otraer a alguien de cabeza drive s.o. crazy;3 ( memoria):tener mala cabeza have a bad memory4 ( pensamiento):pasarle a alguien por la cabeza occur to s.o.;se me viene a la cabeza … it occurs to me …;meterse algo en la cabeza get sth into one’s head;quitarse algo de la cabeza get sth out of one’s head;calentarle la cabeza a alguien fig fill s.o.’s head with ideas;calentarse la cabeza get worked up;mantener la cabeza fría keep a cool head;romperse la cabeza fig rack one’s brains5 ( persona):por cabeza per head, per person6:en cabeza the team at the top;estar a la cabeza be out in front, be the leader* * *cabeza nf1) : head2)cabeza hueca : scatterbrain3)de cabeza : head first4)dolor de cabeza : headache* * *cabeza n1. (en general) head2. (seso) intelligence3. (memoria) memoryde cabeza headlong / headfirstpor cabeza a head / per head -
71 GANGA
* * *I)(geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);2) to go;ganga heim, to go home;ganga braut, to go away;ganga til hvílu, to go to bed;ganga á skip, to go on board;ganga af skipi, to go ashore;with infin., ganga sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;ganga at eiga konu, to marry a woman;3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ganga af hesti mínum);7) to prevail;gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ganga);of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;10) láta ganga e-t, to let go on;láta höggin ganga, to rain blows;Birkibeinar létu ganga lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously;11) to succeed;ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do;impers., svá þykt, at þeim gekk þar eigi at fara, so close, that they could not go on there;þeim gekk ekki fyrir nesit, they could not clear the ness;12) to turn out, go in a specified way;ganga andæris, to go all wrong;mart gengr verr en varir, many a thing goes worse than is looked for;gekk þeim lítt atsókinn, they made little progress with the attack;impers., e-m gengr vel (illa), one fares (goes on, gets on) well (badly);13) with acc., ganga e-n á bak, to force one to go backwards (harm gengr bjöninn á bak);14) with dat., to discharge (gekk bann þá blóði);15) with preps. and adverbs:ganga af e-u, to depart from, leave (þá gekk af honum móðrinn);ganga af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits;ganga af trú sinni, to apostatize;to pass (síðan gengu af páskarnir);to go off (gekk þegar af höfuðit);to be left as surplus (þat er af skuldinni gekk);nú gengr honum hey af, now he has some hay left;ganga af sér, to go to extremities, to go beyond oneself (mjök ganga þeir fóstbrœðr nú af sé);ganga aptr, to revert (return) to the former proprietor (síðan gengu þau lönd aptr undir Árna);to be void, annulled (þá skal kaup aptr ganga);of a ghost, to walk again; of a door, to close, shut (gekk eigi aptr hurðin);ganga at e-m, to attack one;ganga at e-u, to agree to, accept a choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljótt at þessu öllu); to fit (skaltu fá mér lukla þá, sem ganga at kistum yðrum);ganga á e-t, to encroach upon (ganga á ríki e-s); to break (ganga á orð sín, eiða, grið, sættir, trygðir); to pierce, penetrate;hann var í panzara, er ekki gekk á, that was proof against any weapons;ganga á vald e-s or e-m, ganga á hönd (hendr) e-m, to submit to, give oneself up to, surrender to one;ganga á bak e-u, to contravene;ganga eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (göngum heim eptir verðinu); to pursue, claim;ganga eptir, to prove true, be fulfilled (þetta gekk allt eptir, sem M. sagði fyrir);ganga frá e-u, to part with, lose (sumir munu ganga frá öllu fénu);ganga fram, to step forward;ganga fram vel, to go forward bravely, in a battle;to come to pass, come into execution (skal þess bíða, er þetta gengr fram);to increase (fé Hall gerðar gekk fram ok gørðist allmikit);to depart this life (H. bóndi gengr fram til frænda sinna);ganga fyrir e-n, to present oneself before one (ganga fyrir konung);ganga fyrir e-u, to take charge of, manage (var þar mart fólk, en húsbóndi gekk svá fyrir, at ekkert skorti); to yield to, be swayed by (hann gekk þá fyrir fortölum hennar);ganga í gegn e-m, to set oneself against one;ganga í gegn e-u, to confess, acknowledge;maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðst tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away;ganga í mál, to undertake a case;ganga með e-m (of a woman), to marry;ganga með barni, to be with child;ganga með burði (of animals), to be with young;ganga með e-u, to assist in, plead (ganga með máli, bónorði);ganga milli (á m., í m.), to go between, intercede;ganga móti (á m., í m.) e-m, to go to meet one;ganga móti e-u, to resist, oppose;to confess, = ganga í gegn, ganga við e-u;ganga nær e-m, to be troublesome to one (þótti hón œrit nær ganga Þórgerði);ganga e-m nær, to approach, come near to one (sá hefir á brott komizt, er næst gekk Gunnari um alla hluti);ganga saman, to marry;of an agreement, bargain, to be brought about;saman gekk kaupit með þeim, they came to a bargain;ganga sundr (í s.), to go asunder, part;ganga til, to go up to a thing (gangit til ok hyggit at); of the wind, to veer (veðrit gekk til útsuðrs);e-m gengr e-t til e-s, one has some reason for doing a thing;en þat gekk mér til þess (that was my reason), at ek ann þér eigi;hversu hefir ykkr til gengit, how have you fared?Loka gekk lítt til, it fared ill with L.;ganga um e-t, to go about a thing;ganga um beina, to wait upon guests;ganga um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker;ganga um e-n, to befall, happen to one (þess, er um margan gengr guma); of the wind, to go round, veer (gekk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim); to manage (fékk hón svá um gengit, at);ganga undan, to escape to absent oneself;g. undir e-t, to take upon oneself, undertake (a duty);ganga undir e-n, to subject oneself to;ganga upp, to be wasted (of money);to get loose, to he torn loose (þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir á húsinu);of a storm, gale, to get up, rise (veðr gekk upp);of an ice-bound river, áin var gengin upp, swollen with ice;ganga við staf, to walk with a stick;ganga við e-u or e-t, to avow;ganga yfir e-t, to go beyond, disregard (hann vildi eigi ganga yfir þat, er hann vissi réttast);ganga yfir e-n, to overcome, to befall, happen to one;slíkt sem yfir hefir gengit, all that has happened;eitt skal yfir okkr ganga, we shall share one fate;16) refl., gangast.f.1) walking (hann mœddist í göngu);vera í göngu, to be on foot, to walk;2) course (ganga tungls, vinds).* * *pret. gekk or gékk, 2nd pers. gékkt, mod. gékst; pl. gengu, geingu, or géngu, and an old poët. gingu; gengengu in Vsp. 12 is a mere misspelling (vide Sæm. Möb. 258); pres. geng, pl. göngum; pret. subj. gengi (geingi); imperat. gakk and gakktú; with the neg. suffix geng-at, gengr-at, gékk-at, gakk-attu, passim; a middle form göngumk firr, go from me, Gm. 1: a contracted form gá occurs now and then in mod. hymns; it is not vernacular but borrowed from Germ. and Dan.: [cp. Ulf. gaggan; A. S. and Hel. gangan; Scot. and North. E. gang, mod. Engl. go; Dan.-Swed. gange or gå; Germ. gehen; Ivar Aasen ganga: Icel., Scots, and Norsemen have preserved the old ng, which in Germ. and Swed.-Dan. only remains in poetry or in a special sense, e. g. in Germ. compds.]A. To go:I. to walk; reið jarl en Karkr gékk, Fms. i. 210, Rm. 1, 2, 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, Edda 10, Grág. ii. 95, passim; ganga leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, Fms. x. 290, Krók. 26: adding acc., g. alla leið, Fms. xi. 202, 299; g. berg, to climb a cliff; g. afréttar, to search the fell-pastures (fjallganga), Háv. 39; also g. ( to climb) í fjall, í kletta, Fms. x. 313: Icel. also say, ganga skó og sokka, to wear out shoes and socks; hann gékk tvenna skó; ganga berserks gang, q. v.β. absol. to go a-begging, Grág. i. 226, 232, Ísl. ii. 25; ganga vergang, húsgang, id. (göngumaðr).II. adding adverbs, infinitives, adjectives, or the like,α. an adverb denoting direction; g. út ok inn, Vkv. 4, Lv. 26; g. inn, Fms. i. 16, vi. 33; g. út, to go out, Lat. exire, Nj. 194; g. aptr, to return, Fms. x. 352; g. fram, to step forward, Hm. 1, Eg. 165; g. upp, to go up, ashore; g. ofan, niðr, to go down; g. heiman, 199; g. heim, to go home; gakk hingat, come hither! 488; g. móti, í gegn e-m, to go against, to meet one; g. braut, to go away; g. til e-s, or at e-m, to go to one; g. frá e-m, to leave one; g. með e-m, to go with one; g. hjá, to pass by; g. saman, to go together; g. yfir, to go over; g. gegnum, to go through; g. undir, to go under; g. undan, fyrir, to go before; g. eptir, to go behind; g. um, to rove, stroll about, and so on passim; g. í sæti, to go to one’s seat, take a seat, Eg. 551; g. til hvílu, to go to bed, Nj. 201; g. til matar, to go to dinner, Sturl. iii. 111, Eg. 483; g. til vinnu, verks, to go to one’s work, cp. Hm. 58; g. í kirkju, to go to church, Rb. 82; g. á fjall, to go on the fells, Hrafn. 34; g. á skip, to go on board, Fms. x. 10; g. af skipi, to go ashore.β. with infin., in old poems often dropping ‘at;’ ganga sofa, to go to sleep, Fm. 27; g. at sofa, Hm. 19; g. vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 56, Ls. 15; g. at eiga konu, to go to be married, Grág. i. 318.γ. with an adj.; g. hræddr, to be afraid; g. úviss, to be in ignorance, etc., Fms. vii. 271, Sks. 250, 688.2. in a more special sense; g. til einvígis, bardaga, to go to a duel, battle, Nj. 64; g. á hólm (hólmganga), Eg. 504, 506; g. á eintal, Nj. 103; g. til máls við e-n, to speak to one, Eg. 199, 764; g. í glímu, to go a-wrestling, Ísl. ii. 246; g. á fang, id., Ld. 206; g. í danz, to go a-dancing; g. til skripta, to go to shrift, Hom. 157; g. at brúðkaupi, to go to be married, Fms. vii. 278; g. í skóla, klaustr, to go to school, go into a cloister (as an inmate), (hence skóla-genginn, a school-man, scholar), Bs. passim; g. í þjónustu, to take service, Nj. 268; g. í lið með e-m, to enter one’s party, side with one, 100; g. í lög, to enter a league with one; g. ór lögum, to go out of a league, passim; g. í félag, ór félagi, id.; g. á mala, to take service as a soldier, 121; g. á hönd, g. til handa, to submit to one as a liegeman, surrender, Eg. 19, 33, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 180; g. á vald e-m, to give oneself up, Nj. 267; g. á hendr e-m, to encroach upon, Ver. 56; g. í skuld, to bail, Grág. i. 232, Dipl. ii. 12; g. í trúnað, to warrant, Fms. xi. 356; g. til trygða, Nj. 166, and g. til griða, to accept truce, surrender, Fas. ii. 556; g. í mál, to enter, undertake a case, Nj. 31; g. í ánauð, to go into bondage, Eg. 8; g. til lands, jarðar, ríkis, arfs, to take possession of …, 118, Stj. 380, Grág., Fms. passim; g. til fréttar, to go to an oracle, take auspices, 625. 89; g. til Heljar, a phrase for to die, Fms. x. 414; g. nær, to go nigh, go close to, press hard on, Ld. 146, 322, Fms. xi. 240 (where reflex.); var sá viðr bæði mikill og góðr því at Þorkell gékk nær, Th. kept a close eye on it, Ld. 316.B. Joined with prepp. and adverbs in a metaph. sense:—g. af, to depart from, go off; þá gékk af honum móðrinn ok sefaðisk hann, Edda 28; þá er af honum gékk hamremin, Eg. 125, Eb. 136, Stj. 118; g. af sér, to go out of or beyond oneself; mjök g. þeir svari-bræðr nú af sér, Fbr. 32; í móti Búa er hann gengr af sér ( rages) sem mest, Fb. i. 193; þá gékk mest af sér ranglæti manna um álnir, Bs. i. 135: so in the mod. phrases, g. fram af sér, to overstrain oneself; and g. af sér, to fall off, decay: to forsake, g. af trú, to apostatize, Fms. ii. 213; g. af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits, go mad, Post. 656 C. 31; g. af Guðs boðorðum, Stj. passim: to pass. Páskar g. af, Ld. 200: to be left as surplus (afgangr), Rb. 122, Grág. i. 411, K. Þ. K. 92:—g. aptr, to walk again, of a ghost (aptrganga), Ld. 58, Eb. 278, Fs. 131, 141, passim; and absol., g. um híbýli, to hunt, Landn. 107: to go back, be void, of a bargain, Gþl. 491:—g. at e-m, to go at, attack, Nj. 80, 160: to press on, Grág. i. 51, Dipl. ii. 19 (atgangr): g. at e-u, to accept a choice, Nj. 256; g. at máli, to assist, help, 207: to fit, of a key, lykla þá sem g. at kístum yðrum, Finnb. 234, Fbr. 46 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 383: medic. to ail, e-ð gengr at e-m; ok gengr at barni, and if the bairn ails, 340, freq. in mod. usage of ailment, grief, etc.:—g. á e-t, to go against, encroach upon; ganga á ríki e-s, Fms. i. 2; g. upp á, to tread upon, vii. 166; hverr maðr er ólofat gengr á mál þeirra, who trespasses against their measure, Grág. i. 3: to break, g. á orð, eiða, sættir, trygðir, grið, Finnb. 311, Fms. i. 189, Ld. 234; g. á bak e-u, to contravene, Ísl. ii. 382; ganga á, to go on with a thing, Grág. ii. 363; hence the mod. phrase, mikið gengr á, much going on; hvað gengr á, what is going on? það er farið að g. á það (of a task or work or of stores), it is far advanced, not much left:—g. eptir, to go after, pursue, claim (eptirgangr), Nj. 154, Þórð. 67, Fms. vii. 5; g. eptir e-m, to humour one who is cross, in the phrase, g. eptir e-m með grasið í skónum; vertu ekki að g. eptir stráknum; hann vill láta g. eptir ser (of a spoilt boy, cross fellow): to prove true, follow, hón mælti mart, en þó gékk þat sumt eptir, Nj. 194; eptir gékk þat er mér bauð hugr um, Eg. 21, Fms. x. 211:—g. fram, to go on well in a battle, Nj. 102, 235, Háv. 57 (framgangr): to speed, Nj. 150, Fms. xi. 427: to grow, increase (of stock), fé Hallgerðar gékk fram ok varð allmikit, Nj. 22; en er fram gékk mjök kvikfé Skallagríms, Eg. 136, Vígl. 38: to come to pass, skal þess bíða er þetta gengr fram, Nj. 102, Fms. xi. 22: to die, x. 422:—g. frá, to leave (a work) so and so; g. vel frá, to make good work; g. ílla frá, to make bad work; það er ílla frá því gengið, it is badly done:—g. fyrir, to go before, to yield to, to be swayed by a thing; heldr nú við hót, en ekki geng ek fyrir slíku, Fms. i. 305; þó at vér gangim heldr fyrir blíðu en stríðu, ii. 34, Fb. i. 378, Hom. 68; hvárki gékk hann fyrir blíðyrðum né ógnarmálum, Fms. x. 292; hann gékk þá fyrir fortülum hennar, Bs. i. 742: in mod. usage reflex., gangast fyrir íllu, góðu: to give away, tók hann þá at ganga fyrir, Fb. i. 530: Icel. now say, reflex., gangast fyrir, to fall off, from age or the like (vide fyrirgengiligr): to prevent, skal honum þá eigi fyrnska fyrir g., N. G. L. i. 249; þá er hann sekr þrem mörkum nema nauðsyn gangi fyrir, 14; at þeim gangi lögleg forföll fyrir, Gþl. 12:—g. í gegn, to go against, to meet, in mod. usage to deny, and so it seems to be in Gþl. 156; otherwise in old writers it always means the reverse, viz. to avow, confess; maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðsk tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away, Ísl. ii. 331; ef maðr gengr í gegn legorðinu, Grág. i. 340; sá goði er í gegn gékk ( who acknowledged) þingfesti hans, 20; hann iðraðisk úráðs síns, ok gékk í gegn at hann hefði saklausan selt herra sinn, Sks. 584,—this agrees with the parallel phrase, g. við e-t, mod. g. við e-u, to confess, both in old and mod. usage, id.:—g. hjá, to pass by, to waive a thing, Fms. vi. 168:—g. með, to go with one, to wed, marry (only used of a woman, like Lat. nubere), þú hefir þvert tekit at g. með mér, Ld. 262, Sd. 170, Grág. i. 178, Þiðr. 209, Gkv. 2. 27, Fms. xi. 5: medic., g. með barni, to go with child, i. 57; with acc. (barn), Bs. i. 790, and so in mod. usage; a mother says, sama sumarið sem eg gékk með hann (hana) N. N., (meðgöngutími); but dat. in the phrase, vera með barni, to be with child; g. með burði, of animals, Sks. 50, Stj. 70; g. með máli, to assist, plead, Eg. 523, Fms. xi. 105, Eb. 210; g. með e-u, to confess [Dan. medgaae], Stj., but rare and not vernacular:—g. milli, to go between, intercede, esp. as a peacemaker, passim (milli-ganga, meðal-ganga):—g. í móti, to resist, Nj. 90, 159, 171: of the tide, en þar gékk í móti útfalls-straumr, Eg. 600:—g. saman, to go together, marry, Grág. i. 324, Fms. xi. 77: of a bargain, agreement, við þetta gékk saman sættin, Nj. 250; saman gékk kaupit með þeim, 259:—g. sundr, to go asunder, part, and of a bargain, to be broken off, passim:—g. til, to step out, come along; gangit til, ok blótið, 623. 59; gangit til, ok hyggit at, landsmenn, Fms. iv. 282: to offer oneself, to volunteer, Bs. i. 23, 24: the phrase, e-m gengr e-ð til e-s, to purpose, intend; en þat gékk mér til þess ( that was my reason) at ek ann þér eigi, etc., Ísl. ii. 269; sagði, at honum gékk ekki ótrúnaðr til þessa, Fms. x. 39; gékk Flosa þat til, at …, Nj. 178; gengr mér meirr þat til, at ek vilda firra vini mína vandræðum, Fms. ii. 171; mælgi gengr mér til, ‘tis that I have spoken too freely, Orkn. 469, Fms. vi. 373, vii. 258: to fare, hversu hefir ykkr til gengið, how have you fared? Grett. 48 new Ed.; Loka gékk lítt til, it fared ill with L., Fb. i. 276: mod., þat gékk svá til, it so happened, but not freq., as bera við is better, (tilgangr, intention):—g. um e-t, to go about a thing; g. um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker, Fms. v. 156; g. um beina, to attend guests, Nj. 50, passim: to manage, fékk hón svá um gengit, Grett. 197 new Ed.; hversu þér genguð um mitt góðs, 206: to spread over, in the phrase, má þat er um margan gengr; þess er um margan gengr guma, Hm. 93: to veer, go round, of the wind, gékk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim, the wind went round and a gale met them, Bs. i. 775:—g. undan, to go before, escape, Ver. 15, Fms. vii. 217, Blas. 49: to be lost, wasted, jafnmikit sem undan gékk af hans vanrækt, Gþl. 338: to absent oneself, eggjuðusk ok báðu engan undan g., Fms. x. 238:—g. undir, to undertake a duty, freq.: to set, of the sun, Rb. 468, Vígl. (in a verse): to go into one’s possession, power, Fms. vii. 207;—g. upp, to be wasted, of money, Fær. 39, Fms. ix. 354: of stones or earth-bound things, to get loose, be torn loose, þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir í húsinu, Landn. 185; flest gékk upp þat sem fyrir þeim varð, Háv. 40, Finnb. 248; ok gékk ór garðinum upp ( was rent loose) garðtorfa frosin, Eb. 190: to rise, yield, when summoned, Sturl. iii. 236: of a storm, gale, to get up, rise, veðr gékk upp at eins, Grett. 94, Bárð. 169; gengr upp stormr hinn sami, Bs. ii. 50: of an ice-bound river, to swell, áin var ákafliga mikil, vóru höfuðísar at báðum-megin, en gengin upp ( swoln with ice) eptir miðju, Ld. 46, Fbr. 20 new Ed., Bjarn. 52; vötnin upp gengin, Fbr. 114; áin var gengin upp ok íll yfirferðar, Grett. 134:—g. við, in the phrase, g. við staf, to go with a staff, rest on it: with dat., g. við e-u, to avow (vide ganga í gegn above):—g. yfir, to spread, prevail, áðr Kristnin gengi yfir, Fms. x. 273; hétu á heiðin goð til þess at þau léti eigi Kristnina g. yfir landit, Bs. i. 23: the phrase, láta eitt g. yfir báða, to let one fate go over both, to stand by one another for weal and woe; hefi ek því heitið honum at eitt skyldi g. yfir okkr bæði, Nj. 193, 201, 204, Gullþ. 8: so in the saying, má þat er yfir margan gengr, a common evil is easier to bear, Fbr. 45 new Ed. (vide um above); muntu nú verða at segja slíkt sem yfir hefir gengið, all that has happened, Fms. xi. 240; þess gengr ekki yfir þá at þeir vili þeim lengr þjóna, they will no longer serve them, come what may, Orkn. 84: to overrun, tyrannize over, þeir vóru ójafnaðar menn ok ganga þar yfir alla menn, Fms. x. 198 (yfirgangr): to transgress, Hom. 109: to overcome, þótti öllum mönnum sem hann mundi yfir allt g., Fms. vii. 326: a naut. term, to dash over, as spray, áfall svá mikit at yfir gékk þegar skipit, Bs. i. 422; hence the metaph. phrase, g. yfir e-n, to be astonished; það gengr yfir mig, it goes above me, I am astonished.C. Used singly, of various things:1. of cattle, horses, to graze (haga-gangr); segja menn at svín hans gengi á Svínanesi, en sauðir á Hjarðarnesi, Landn. 124, Eg. 711; kálfrinn óx skjótt ok gékk í túni um sumarit, Eb. 320; Freyfaxi gengr í dalnum fram, Hrafn. 6; þar var vanr at g. hafr um túnit, Nj. 62; þar var til grass (görs) at g., Ld. 96, Grág. passim; gangandi gripr, cattle, beasts, Bjarn. 22; ganganda fé, id., Sturl. i. 83, Band. 2, Ísl. ii. 401.2. of shoals of fish, to go up, in a river or the like (fiski-ganga, -gengd); vötn er netnæmir fiskar g. í, Grág. i. 149; til landauðnar horfði í Ísafirði áðr fiskr gékk upp á Kvíarmiði, Sturl. ii. 177; fiskr er genginn inn ór álum, Bb. 3. 52.3. of the sun, stars, vide B. above, (sólar-gangr hæstr, lengstr, and lægstr skemstr = the longest and shortest day); áðr sól gangi af Þingvelli, Grág. i. 24; því at þar gékk eigi sól af um skamdegi, Landn. 140, Rb. passim:—of a thunder-storm, þar gékk reiði-duna með eldingu, Fb. iii. 174:—of the tide, stream, water, vide B. above, eða gangi at vötn eða skriður, K. Þ. K. 78.4. of a ship, gékk þá skipit mikit, Eg. 390, Fms. vi. 249; létu svá g. suðr fyrir landit, Eg. 78; lét svá g. suðr allt þar til er hann sigldi í Englands-haf, Ó. H. 149; réru nótt ok dag sem g. mátti, Eg. 88; gékk skipit brátt út á haf, Ó. H. 136.β. to pass; kvað engi skip skyldi g. (go, pass) til Íslands þat sumar, Ld. 18.II. metaph. to run out, stretch out, project, of a landscape or the like; gengr haf fyrir vestan ok þar af firðir stórir, Eg. 57; g. höf stór ór útsjánum inn í jörðina; haf (the Mediterranean) gengr af Njörva-sundum (the Straits of Gibraltar), Hkr. i. 5; nes mikit gékk í sæ út, Eg. 129, Nj. 261; í gegnum Danmörk gengr sjór (the Baltic) í Austrveg, A. A. 288; fyrir austan hafs-botn þann (Bothnia) er gengr til móts við Gandvík (the White Sea), Orkn. begin.: frá Bjarmalandi g. lönd til úbygða, A. A. 289; Europa gengr allt til endimarka Hispaniae, Stj. 83; öllum megin gengr at henni haf ok kringir um hana, 85; þessi þinghá gékk upp ( extended) um Skriðudal, Hrafn. 24: of houses, af fjósi gékk forskáli, Dropl. 28.2. to spread, branch out; en af því tungurnar eru ólíkar hvár annarri, þær þegar, er ór einni ok hinni sömu hafa gengit eða greinzt, þá þarf ólíka stafi í at hafa, Skálda (Thorodd) 160: of a narrative, gengr þessi saga mest af Sverri konungi, this story goes forth from him, i. e. relates to, tells of him, Fb. ii. 533; litlar sögur megu g. af hesti mínum, Nj. 90; um fram alla menn Norræna þá er sögur g. frá, Fms. i. 81.III. to take the lead, prevail; gékk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter (i. e. after the Conquest) the Welsh tongue prevailed in England, Ísl. ii. 221; ok þar allt sem Dönsk tunga gengi, Fms. xi. 19; meðan Dönsk tunga gengr, x. 179:—of money, to be current, hundrað aura þá er þá gengu í gjöld, Dropl. 16; eigi skulu álnar g. aðrar en þessar, Grág. i. 498; í þenna tíð gékk hér silfr í allar stórskuldir, 500, Fms. viii. 270; eptir því sem gengr ( the course) flestra manna í millum, Gþl. 352:—of laws, to be valid, ok var nær sem sín lög gengi í hverju fylki, Fms. iv. 18; Óðinn setti lög í landi sínu þau er gengit höfðu fyrr með Ásum, Hkr. i. 13; þeirra laga er gengu á Uppsala-þingi, Ó. H. 86; hér hefir Kristindóms-bálk þann er g. skal, N. G. L. i. 339; sá siðr er þá gékk, Fb. i. 71, (vide ganga yfir):—of sickness, plague, famine, to rage, þá gékk landfarsótt, bóla, drepsótt, hallæri, freq.; also impers., gékk því hallæri um allt Ísland, Bs. i. 184; mikit hallæri ok hart gékk yfir fólkið, 486, v. l.; gékk sóttin um haustið fyrir sunnan land; þá gékk mest plágan fyrri, Ann. 1402, 1403.IV. to go on, last, in a bad sense, of an evil; tókst síðan bardagi, ok er hann hafði gengit um hríð, Fs. 48: impers., hefir þessu gengit ( it has gone on) marga manns-aldra, Fms. i. 282; gékk því lengi, so it went on a long while, Grett. 79 new Ed.; gékk þessu enn til dags, Nj. 272; ok gékk því um hríð, 201; ok gékk því allan þann dag, Fms. vii. 147; lát því g. í allt sumar, xi. 57; gengr þessu þar til er …, Fb. i. 258.V. denoting violence; létu g. bæði grjót ok vápn, Eg. 261; létu þá hvárir-tveggju g. allt þat er til vápna höfðu, Fms. ix. 44; láta höggin g., to let it rain blows, Úlf. 12. 40; háðung, spottyrði, hróp ok brigzl hver lét með öðrum g. á víxl, Pass. 14. 3, (vápna-gangr); Birkibeinar róa þá eptir, ok létu g. lúðrana, and sounded violently the alarum, Fms. ix. 50, (lúðra-gangr); láta dæluna g., to pour out bad language, vide dæla.VI. to be able to go on, to go, partly impers.; ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do, Fms. vi. 284; svá þykt at þeim gékk þar ekki at fara, they stood so close that they could not proceed there, Nj. 247; þá nam þar við, gékk þá eigi lengra, there was a stop; then it could go no farther, Fms. xi. 278; leiddu þeir skipit upp eptir ánni, svá sem gékk, as far as the ship could go, as far as the river was navigable, Eg. 127: esp. as a naut. term, impers., e. g. þeim gékk ekki fyrir nesið, they could not clear the ness; þá gengr eigi lengra, ok fella þeir þá seglið, Bs. i. 423; at vestr gengi um Langanes, 485, v. l.VII. with adverbs; g. létt, fljótt, to go smoothly; g. þungt, seint, to go slowly; oss munu öll vápna-viðskipti þungt g. við þá, Nj. 201; þungt g. oss nú málaferlin, 181; gékk þeim lítt atsóknin, Stj. 385; at þeim feðgum hefði þá allir hlutir léttast gengit, Bs. i. 274; seint gengr, Þórir, greizlan, Ó. H. 149; g. betr, verr, to get the better, the worse; gékk Ribbungum betr í fyrstu, Fms. ix. 313; gengu ekki mjök kaupin, the bargain did not go well, Nj. 157, cp. ganga til (B. above):—to turn out, hversu g. mundi orrostan, 273; gékk þá allt eptir því sem Hallr hafði sagt, 256; ef kviðir g. í hag sækjanda, if the verdict goes for the plaintiff, Grág. i. 87; þótti þetta mál hafa gengit at óskum, Dropl. 14; mart gengr verr en varir, a saying, Hm. 39; þykir honum nú at sýnu g. ( it seems to him evident) at hann hafi rétt hugsað, Fms. xi. 437; g. andæris, to go all wrong, Am. 14; g. misgöngum, to go amiss, Grág. i. 435; g. e-m í tauma, to turn false ( crooked); þat mun mér lítt í tauma g. er Rútr segir, Nj. 20; g. ofgangi, to go too high, Fms. vii. 269.VIII. of a blow or the like; hafði gengit upp á miðjan fetann, the axe went in up to the middle of the blade, Nj. 209; gékk þegar á hol, 60; gékk í gegnum skjöldinn, 245, Fb. i. 530.IX. of law; láta próf g., to make an enquiry; láta vátta g., to take evidence, D. N.X. to be gone, be lost; gékk hér með holdit niðr at beini, the flesh was torn off, Fb. i. 530: esp. in pass. part. genginn, dead, gone, eptir genginn guma, Hm. 71; moldar-genginn, buried, Sl. 60; hel-genginn, 68; afli genginn, gone from strength, i. e. powerless, Skv. 3. 13.β. gone, past; gengið er nú það görðist fyr, a ditty; mér er gengið heimsins hjól, gone for me is the world’s wheel ( luck), a ditty.XI. used as transit. with acc.; hann gengr björninn á bak aptr, he broke the bear’s back in grappling with him, Finnb. 248; ok gengr hana á bak, ok brýtr í sundr í henni hrygginn, Fb. i. 530.2. medic. with dat. to discharge; ganga blóði, to discharge blood (Dan. blodgang), Bs. i. 337, 383; Arius varð bráðdauðr ok gékk ór sér öllum iðrum, Ver. 47.D. REFLEX.:I. singly, gangask, to be altered, to change, be corrupted; gangask í munni, of tradition; var þat löng ævi, ok vant at sögurnar hefði eigi gengisk í munni, Ó. H. pref.; má því eigi þetta mál í munni gengisk hafa, Fb. ii. Sverr. S. pref.; ok mættim vér ráða um nokkut, at málit gengisk, that the case could miscarry, be lost, Glúm. 380:—láta gangask, to let pass. waive; lét Páll þá g. þá hluti er áðr höfðu í millum staðit, Sturl. i. 102; ef þú lætr eigi g. þat er ek kref þik, Fms. xi. 61.2. e-m gengsk hugr við e-t, to change one’s mind, i. e. to be moved to compassion, yield; sótti hón þá svá at honum gékksk hugr við, Eb. 264; þá gékksk Þorgerði hugr við harma-tölur hans, Ld. 232; ok mun honum g. hugr við þat, svá at hann mun fyrirgefa þér, Gísl. 98; nú sem hann grét, gékksk Ísak hugr við, Stj. 167; er sendimaðr fann at Birni gékksk hugr við féit, Ó. H. 194; við slíkar fortölur hennar gékksk Einari hugr (E. was swayed) til ágirni, Orkn. 24.II. with prepp. (cp. B. above); gangask at, to ‘go at it,’ engage in a fight; nú gangask þeir at fast, Dropl. 24, Ísl. ii. 267; gengusk menn at sveitum, of wrestlers, they wrestled one with another in sections (Dan. flokkevis), Glúm. 354; þeir gengusk at lengi, Finnb. 248:—gangask fyrir, vide B. above:—gangask í gegn, at móti, to stand against, fight against; at vér látim ok eigi þá ráða er mest vilja í gegn gangask (i. e. the extreme on each side), Íb. 12, cp. Fms. ii. 241; at þeir skipaði til um fylkingar sínar, hverjar sveitir móti skyldi g., i. e. to pair the combatants off, ix. 489; þeir risu upp ok gengusk at móti, Stj. 497. 2 Sam. ii. 15:—g. nær, to come to close quarters (Lat. cominus gerere), Nj. 176, Fms. xi. 240:—gangask á, to dash against one another, to split; á gengusk eiðar, the oaths were broken, Vsp. 30: to be squared off against one another, sú var görð þeirra, at á gengusk vígin húskarlanna, Rd. 288; ekki er annars getið en þeir léti þetta á gangask, i. e. they let it drop, Bjarn. 47; gangask fyrir, to fall off, Fms. iii. 255:—gangask við, to grow, gain strength; áðr en við gengisk hans bæn, before his prayer should be fulfilled, x. 258; ef þat er ætlað at trúa þessi skuli við g., Nj. 162; hétu þeir fast á guðin, at þau skyldi eigi láta við garrgask Kristniboð Ólafs konungs, Fms. ii. 32; þetta gékksk við um öll þau fylki, vii. 300; mikit gékksk Haraldr við (H. grew fast) um vöxt ok afl, Fb. i. 566; Eyvindr hafði mikið við gengizk um menntir, E. had much improved himself in good breeding, Hrafn. 24; vildi hann prófa hvárr þeirra meira hafði við gengisk, which of them had gained most strength, Grett. 107: to be in vogue, in a bad sense, ok löngum við gengisk öfund ok rangindi, Fms. i. 221, cp. Pass. 37. 7:—gangask ór stað, to be removed, Fms. xi. 107.III. in the phrase, e-m gengsk vel, ílla, it goes well, ill with one, Hom. 168, Am. 53; ílls gengsk þér aldri, nema …, the evil will never leave thee, thou wilt never be happy, unless …, 65. -
72 mettere
putvestito put onmettere a punto meccanismo adjustmotore (fine-)tunemettere in moto start (up)mettere in ordine tidy upmettere al sicuro put away safelymettere su casa set up housemettiamo che let's assume that* * *mettere v.tr.1 to put*; (collocare, disporre) to place, to set*; (posare, deporre) to lay* (down), to put* (down): mise i libri sullo scaffale, he put the books on the shelf; metterò la nuova poltrona in camera mia, I'll put the new armchair in my bedroom; metti la firma a questa lettera, put your signature to this letter; metti questa scatola sulla tavola, put this box on the table; mise il denaro in tasca, he put the money in his pocket; mise tutti i giocattoli davanti al suo amico, he placed (o set) all his toys in front of his friend2 (infondere) to inspire; (produrre, causare) to cause; to make*: l'idea di vederlo mi mette gioia, the idea of seeing him makes me very happy; questo tempo mi mette tristezza, this weather makes me sad; mettere fame, sete, to make (s.o.) hungry, thirsty; mettere paura a qlcu., to scare (o to frighten) s.o.; mettere soggezione (a qlcu.), to make (s.o.) uneasy; mettere terrore (a qlcu.), to terrify (s.o.)3 (emettere) to put* forth: quel ragazzo sta mettendo i baffi, that boy is growing a moustache; mettere un dente, to cut a tooth; mettere i denti, to teethe; mettere le foglie, to grow (o to put forth) leaves; mettere radici, to put down roots (anche fig.)4 (impiegare) to take*: quanto tempo ci hai messo a farlo?, how long did it take you to do it?5 (investire) to put*; (scommettere, puntare) to bet*: ho messo 10 sterline su Golden Cloud, I bet (o put) ten pounds on Golden Cloud; ci ha messo tutti i suoi risparmi, he put all his savings in it6 (indossare) to put* on; (portare) to wear*; mettiti l'abito azzurro, put on the blue dress; che cosa ti metterai al matrimonio?, what are you going to wear for the wedding?7 (non com.) (ridurre, rendere) to turn: mettere in francese, to translate into French; mettere in versi, to turn into verse8 (far pagare) to charge: quanto ti hanno messo per vitto e alloggio?, how much did they charge you for board and lodgings?9 (ammettere) to suppose: mettiamo che abbia ragione, (let us) suppose he is right10 (paragonare) to compare: non vorrai mettere la mia casa con la tua, you can't compare your house with mine; la sua è molto più bella, neanche da mettere, (fam.) hers is much nicer, there is no comparison11 (installare) to lay* on, to put* in: ti hanno messo il telefono?, have they put in (o installed) the telephone?; domani verranno a mettere il gas, tomorrow they are coming to lay on the gas; non hanno ancora messo lo scaldabagno, they haven't installed the water heater yet◆ v. intr. (sboccare) to lead* (to sthg.); (sfociare) to flow (into sthg.).◘ mettersi v.rifl. o intr.pron.1 to put* oneself; to place oneself: mi sono messo in una situazione imbarazzante, I have got (myself) into an awkward position; si mise vicino a sua moglie, he placed himself near his wife; mettere a sedere, to sit down; mettere a tavola, to sit down at the table // mettiti nei miei panni, put yourself in my shoes // mettere a capo di qlco., to assume control of sthg. // mettere a letto, (ammalarsi) to take to one's bed // mettere a proprio agio, in libertà, to make oneself at home (o comfortable) // mettere d'accordo su qlco., to come to an agreement about sthg. // mettere in contatto con qlcu., to get in touch with s.o. // mettere in mostra, to draw attention to oneself // (comm.) mettere in società con qlcu., to form a (o to go into) partnership with s.o. // mettere in urto con qlcu., to fall out with s.o. // mettere sotto, (accingersi a un lavoro di buona lena) to get down to it2 (incominciare) to begin*, to start, to set* to (sthg.): si mise a lavorare, he started working; è ora di mettere a lavorare, it's time to get down to work; si mise a piovere, it began to rain; mettere in cammino, in viaggio, to set out (o off o forth)3 (diventare) to become*, to turn: la situazione si mette male, the situation is taking a turn for the worse; il tempo si mette al bello, the weather turned out fine; mettere in sospetto, to become suspicious4 (indossare) to wear*, to put* on (sthg.): non occorre mettere in abito da sera, you don't need to wear evening dress.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: mettere a, to put to; mettere a bottega, to apprentice; mettere a confronto, to confront (o to compare); mettere a dieta, to put on a diet; mettere a disposizione di qlcu., to put at s.o.'s disposal; mettere a frutto, to invest; (ottica) mettere a fuoco, to focus; mettere agli atti, to file away; mettere a grano un campo, to plant a field with corn; mettere al bando, to ban; mettere al corrente qlcu. di qlco., to inform s.o. of (o to acquaint s.o. with) sthg.; mettere alla gogna, to pillory; mettere a letto, to put to bed; mettere alla porta qlcu., to show s.o. the door (o to turn s.o. out); mettere alla prova, to test (o to put to a test); mettere alla tortura, to torture; mettere all'incanto, all'asta, to put up for auction; mettere all'indice, to put on the Index; mettere al sicuro, to put into a safe place (o to preserve); mettere al trotto, to put into a trot; mettere a morte, to put to death; mettere a parte qlcu. di qlco., to tell s.o. sthg.; mettere a posto qlco., to put sthg. in its proper place, (aggiustare) to repair (o to adjust) sthg.: mettere le cose a posto, (fig.) to put things right; mettere a posto qlcu., (trovargli lavoro) to find a job for s.o., (dargli una lezione) to put s.o. in his place: ti metto a posto io!, I'll fix you!; mettere a profitto qlco., to turn sthg. to account: mettere a profitto un consiglio, to profit by advice; mettere a punto, to get ready, (un motore) to tune up; mettere a sacco, to sack; mettere a soqquadro, to turn upside-down (o to turn topsy-turvy) // mettere in, to put in (to): mettere in atto, to put into action; mettere in cantiere qlco., to begin work on sthg.; mettere in carta, to write down; mettere in chiaro qlco., to make sthg. clear; mettere in commercio, to put on sale; mettere in conto qlco. a qlcu., to put sthg. on s.o.'s account; mettere in dubbio, in forse qlco., to cast doubt on (o to question o to doubt) sthg.: non lo metto in dubbio, I don't doubt it; mettere in fila, to line up; mettere in fuga, to put to flight; mettere in funzione una macchina, to start a machine; mettere in giro, in piazza, to spread (o to broadcast); mettere in grado qlcu. di fare qlco., to enable s.o. to do sthg.; mettere nei guai qlcu., to land s.o. in a mess; mettere in guardia qlcu., to put s.o. on his guard; mettere in libertà, to set free; mettere in luce, in rilievo qlco., (fig.) to emphasize (o to stress o to highlight) sthg.; (tip.) mettere in macchina, to print; mettere qlco. in mano di qlcu., to put sthg. in s.o.'s hands; (mecc.) mettere in moto, in marcia, to start; mettere in musica, to set to music; (rad.) mettere in onda, to broadcast; mettere in opera, to start up (o to set running); mettere in ordine, to put (o to set) in order; mettere in pericolo, to endanger; mettere in pratica, to put into practice; mettere in prigione, to put in prison (o to imprison); mettere in salvo, to save; (teatr.) mettere in scena, to produce; mettere in tacere, to keep secret; mettere in vendita, to put on sale: mettere in vendita una casa, to put a house up for sale; mettere nel sacco, to fool (o to deceive) // mettersi in mente, in testa di fare qlco., to get (o to take) it into one's head to do sthg.: si mise in mente che la colpa fosse mia, he got it into his head that it was my fault; si mise in mente una strana idea, he got a strange idea into his head; si mise in testa di farlo, he took it into his head to do it // mettere su, to put on: mettere su arie, to put on airs; mettere su casa, to set up house; mettere su ciccia, (fam.) to put on weight; mettere su la minestra, (fam.) to put the soup on; mettere su un negozio, to set up a shop; mettere su i punti, (a maglia) to cast on stitches; mettere su qlcu. contro un altro, to set (o to incite) s.o. against another // mettere le ali ai piedi di qlcu., to lend wings to s.o.'s heels // mettere avanti, indietro un orologio, to put a watch forward, back // mettere il bastone tra le ruote, to put a spoke in s.o.'s wheel // mettere il carro davanti ai buoi, to put the cart before the horse // mettere qlcu. con le spalle al muro, alle strette, to get s.o. with his back to the wall // mettere da parte, to put (o to set o to lay) aside: ha messo da parte molto denaro, he has put a good bit of money aside // mettere dentro, (in prigione) to put inside // mettere disaccordo tra due persone, to set two people against each other // mettere fine a qlco., to put an end to sthg. // mettere fuoco a qlco., to set fire to sthg. (o to set sthg. on fire) // mettere fuori combattimento qlcu., (boxe) to knock s.o. out // mettere insieme, to put together, (raccogliere) to gather (o to collect) // mettere le mani addosso a qlcu., to lay hands on s.o., (molestare una donna) to touch s.o. up // mettere le mani su qlco., to lay one's hands on (o to take) sthg. // non credo che ci abbia messo mano, I do not think he has had a hand in it; mettere mano alla spada, to clap one's hand to one's sword // mettere il naso, il becco in qlco., to stick one's nose into sthg. // mettere nome a qlcu., to call (o to name) s.o.: gli ho messo nome Giovanni, I've named him John // mettere gli occhi addosso a qlcu., to set eyes on s.o. // mettere per iscritto, to put in writing // mettere piede in un posto, to set foot in a place // mettere una pulce nell'orecchio a qlcu., to sow doubts in s.o.'s mind // mettere i puntini sugli i, to dot one's i's // mettere sotto i piedi qlcu., to humiliate (o to trample on) s.o. // mettere sul lastrico qlcu., to turn s.o. out into the street, (fig.) to ruin s.o. // mettere tavola, to lay the table // mettere tempo in mezzo, to gain time // mettere la testa a partito, a posto, to settle down // mettere una tassa, to levy a tax.* * *1. ['mettere]vb irreg vt1) (porre) to putgli ha messo una mano sulla spalla — he put o laid a hand on his shoulder
mettere qc diritto — to put o set sth straight
quando si mette una cosa in testa... — when he gets an idea into his head...
2)mettere fame/allegria/malinconia a qn — to make sb (feel) hungry/happy/sad3)non metto più quelle scarpe — I've stopped wearing those shoes, I don't wear those shoes any more
4) (installare: telefono, gas, finestre) to put in, (acqua) to lay on5) (sveglia, allarme) to set6)mettiamo che... — let's suppose o say that...7)metterci; metterci molta cura/molto tempo — to take a lot of care/a lot of time
mettercela tutta — to do one's utmost o very best
8)mettere a confronto — to comparemettere in conto — (somma ecc) to put on account
mettere dentro qn — (fam : imprigionare) to put sb inside
mettere in giro — (pettegolezzi, voci) to spread
mettere insieme — (gen) to put together, (organizzare: spettacolo, gruppo) to organize, get together, (soldi) to save
mettere in luce — (problemi, errori) to show up, highlight
mettere sotto — (sopraffare) to get the better of
mettere a tacere qn/qc — to keep sb/sth quiet
2. vr (mettersi)1) to put o.s.non metterti là — (seduto) don't sit there, (in piedi) don't stand there
mettersi a letto — to go to bed, (malato) to take to one's bed
2)mettersi in costume — to put on one's swimming things3)mettersi in società — to set up in businesssi sono messi insieme — (coppia) they've started going out together Brit o dating Am
3. vip (mettersi)1)mettersi a fare qc — to start to do sthmettersi a piangere/ridere — to start crying/laughing, start o begin to cry/laugh
2)si mette al bello — (tempo) the weather's turning finemettersi bene/male — (faccenda) to turn out well/badly
* * *['mettere] 1.verbo transitivo1) (collocare, porre) to put*, to place, to set* [ oggetto]mettere giù (il ricevitore) — to hang up, to put down the receiver, to ring off BE
2) (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]3) (porre in una situazione, in uno stato)mettere qcn. di buonumore, di cattivo umore — to put sb. in a good, bad mood
mettere qcn. contro qcn. altro — to play sb. off against sb.
mettere qcn. a dieta — to put sb. on a diet
mettere in fuga qcn. — to put sb. to flight
mettere qcs. in vendita — to put sth. up o offer sth. for sale
4) (classificare) to put*, to ranktra gli scrittori, lo metto al primo posto — I rank him the best writer of all
mettere i bambini, la sicurezza davanti a tutto — to put children, safety first
5) (appendere, attaccare) to put* up, to post up [poster, manifesto]6) mus. telev. to play, to put* on [disco, cassetta, CD]7) (installare) to put* in [riscaldamento, telefono]; to lay* on BE [luce, gas]; to put* in, to fit* [doccia, mensola]8) (puntare)mettere avanti, indietro l'orologio — to put forward, back the clock
9) (scrivere, inserire) to put* in [parola, virgola]10) (rendere, volgere)11) (aggiungere) to add, to put* [ ingrediente]12) (dedicare) to put* (in) [energia, impegno]mettercela tutta — to try one's hardest o best to do
13) (impiegare)14) (investire, spendere) to put* [ denaro] (in into)15) colloq. (fare pagare)a quanto mette le patate? — what price have you put on the potatoes? what are you asking for potatoes?
17) (infondere, provocare) to cause, to inspiremettere paura a qcn. — to frighten sb., to give sb. a scare
mettere allegria — to cheer, to delight
mettere sete, fame a qcn. — to make sb. thirsty, hungry
18) (azionare)mettere la retromarcia — to go into reverse, to put the car into reverse
19) colloq. (confrontare) to comparevuoi mettere questo ristorante con quella bettola? — how can you compare this restaurant with that greasy spoon?
20) colloq. (supporre) to suppose, to assumemettiamo il caso che... — let's assume that...
mettere su casa — to set up home o house
mettere su un negozio — to set up o start up shop; (ingrassare)
mettere su peso, chili — to put on weight, kilos; (sul fornello)
mettere su il caffè — colloq. to put the coffee on; (allestire)
mettere su uno spettacolo — to put on o stage a show
22) mettere sotto2. 3.mettere sotto qcn. — (investire) to run over o down sb.; (fare lavorare) to work sb. hard
verbo pronominale mettersi1) (collocarsi) to put* oneself- rsi in ginocchio — to go o get down on one's knees, to kneel
- rsi a letto — to go to bed, to take to one's bed
- rsi a tavola — to sit down to dinner o to a meal
2) (infilarsi)3) (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]- rsi in maschera — to put on o wear fancy dress
4) (cominciare)-rsi a studiare inglese, a giocare a tennis — to take up English, tennis
- rsi a cantare — to burst into song, to burst out singing
si è messo a nevicare — it started to snow o snowing
5) (porsi in una situazione, in uno stato)-rsi contro qcn. — to set oneself against sb
6) colloq.- rsi insieme — [soci, amici] to team up; [ innamorati] to pair off
7) (evolversi)••come la mettiamo? — (di fronte a difficoltà) so where do we go from here? (per chiedere una spiegazione) what have you got to say for yourself?
- rsi sotto — (impegnarsi) to set to
* * *mettere/'mettere/ [60]1 (collocare, porre) to put*, to place, to set* [ oggetto]; mettere i piatti in tavola to put the plates on the table; mettere una tovaglia to put on a tablecloth; ti ho messo le lenzuola pulite I've changed the sheets for you; mettere i piedi sul tavolo to put one's feet on the table; mettere le mani in tasca to put one's hands in one's pockets; mettere la biancheria ad asciugare to put the washing out to dry; mettere un annuncio sul giornale to place an advertisement in the paper; mettere giù (il ricevitore) to hang up, to put down the receiver, to ring off BE2 (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]; non metto mai il cappello I never wear a hat; metti la sciarpa! put your scarf on!3 (porre in una situazione, in uno stato) mettere qcn. di buonumore, di cattivo umore to put sb. in a good, bad mood; mettere qcn. contro qcn. altro to play sb. off against sb.; mettere qcn. a dieta to put sb. on a diet; mettere alla prova to put to the test; mettere in dubbio to question; mettere in fuga qcn. to put sb. to flight; mettere in libertà to set free; mettere qcs. in vendita to put sth. up o offer sth. for sale4 (classificare) to put*, to rank; tra gli scrittori, lo metto al primo posto I rank him the best writer of all; mettere i bambini, la sicurezza davanti a tutto to put children, safety first5 (appendere, attaccare) to put* up, to post up [poster, manifesto]6 mus. telev. to play, to put* on [disco, cassetta, CD]; mettere un po' di musica to play music7 (installare) to put* in [riscaldamento, telefono]; to lay* on BE [luce, gas]; to put* in, to fit* [doccia, mensola]; fare mettere il telefono to have a telephone put in; mettere la moquette to lay a carpet8 (puntare) mettere la sveglia alle sette to set the alarm for 7 am; mettere avanti, indietro l'orologio to put forward, back the clock9 (scrivere, inserire) to put* in [parola, virgola]; metta una firma qui sign here11 (aggiungere) to add, to put* [ ingrediente]12 (dedicare) to put* (in) [energia, impegno]; mettercela tutta to try one's hardest o best to do; mettici più impegno! try harder!13 (impiegare) non metterci tanto don't be long; ci ho messo due ore it took me two hours; ci hanno messo molto a decidere they've been a long time making up their minds; ce ne hai messo di tempo! you took a long time!14 (investire, spendere) to put* [ denaro] (in into)15 colloq. (fare pagare) a quanto mette le patate? what price have you put on the potatoes? what are you asking for potatoes?17 (infondere, provocare) to cause, to inspire; mettere paura a qcn. to frighten sb., to give sb. a scare; mettere allegria to cheer, to delight; mettere sete, fame a qcn. to make sb. thirsty, hungry18 (azionare) mettere la retromarcia to go into reverse, to put the car into reverse; mettere la seconda to shift into second gear AE; mettere gli anabbaglianti to dip one's headlights BE19 colloq. (confrontare) to compare; vuoi mettere questo ristorante con quella bettola? how can you compare this restaurant with that greasy spoon? vuoi mettere? there's no comparison!20 colloq. (supporre) to suppose, to assume; mettiamo il caso che... let's assume that...; mettiamo che sia vero suppose (that) it's true21 mettere su (dare inizio) mettere su famiglia to start a family; mettere su casa to set up home o house; mettere su un negozio to set up o start up shop; (ingrassare) mettere su peso, chili to put on weight, kilos; (sul fornello) mettere su il caffè colloq. to put the coffee on; (allestire) mettere su uno spettacolo to put on o stage a show22 mettere sotto mettere sotto qcn. (investire) to run over o down sb.; (fare lavorare) to work sb. hardIII mettersi verbo pronominale1 (collocarsi) to put* oneself; - rsi in un angolo to place oneself in a corner; - rsi in piedi to stand up; - rsi in ginocchio to go o get down on one's knees, to kneel; - rsi a letto to go to bed, to take to one's bed; mettiti seduto sit down there; - rsi a tavola to sit down to dinner o to a meal2 (infilarsi) - rsi le mani in tasca to put one's hands in one's pockets; - rsi una caramella in bocca to pop a sweet in(to) one's mouth3 (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]; che cosa ti metti stasera? what are you wearing tonight? non ho niente da mettermi I haven't got a thing to wear; - rsi in pigiama to get into one's pyjamas; - rsi in maschera to put on o wear fancy dress4 (cominciare) -rsi a studiare inglese, a giocare a tennis to take up English, tennis; - rsi a bere to take to the bottle; - rsi a cantare to burst into song, to burst out singing; - rsi a correre to break into a run; si è messo a nevicare it started to snow o snowing5 (porsi in una situazione, in uno stato) - rsi dalla parte del torto to put oneself in the wrong; - rsi nei guai to get into trouble; - rsi in salvo to flee to safety; - rsi in viaggio to go on a journey; -rsi contro qcn. to set oneself against sb.7 (evolversi) le cose si mettono male per noi things are looking black for us; dipende da come si mettono le cose it depends how things turn out; il tempo si è messo al bello the weather is set faircome la mettiamo? (di fronte a difficoltà) so where do we go from here? (per chiedere una spiegazione) what have you got to say for yourself? - rsi sotto (impegnarsi) to set to. -
73 prendere
1. v/t takemalattia, treno catchcosa prendi? what will you have?prendere qualcuno per un italiano take or mistake someone for an Italianandare/venire a prendere qualcuno fetch someoneprendere fuoco catch fireprendere il sole sunbatheprendere paura take fright, get frightenedcivil aviation prendere quota gain heightprendere in giro qualcuno pull someone's legprendersela get upset ( per aboutcon with)che ti prende? what's got into you?2. v/i prendere a destra turn right* * *prendere v.tr.1 to take*; ( acchiappare) to catch*; ( afferrare) to seize: il gatto ha preso un topo, the cat has caught a mouse; hanno preso il ladro, they have caught the thief; non si lasciò prendere, he did his best not to get caught; ho preso due pesci, una lepre, I've caught two fish, a hare; le prese la mano, he took her hand; lo prese per il braccio e lo spinse fuori, he seized him by the arm and pushed him out; prendi questa lettera, take this letter; prendilo se vuoi, take it if you want it; se non lo vuoi me lo prendo io, if you don't want it I'll take it; prendo lezioni d'inglese, I take English lessons; prese la palla che gli gettai, he caught the ball I threw him; questa mattina non ero in tempo per prendere il treno delle nove, this morning I was not in time to catch the nine o'clock train; prenderò un taxi, I'll take a taxi; questo esempio è preso dalla Bibbia, this example is taken from the Bible; prendere un cavallo per le briglie, to take (hold of) a horse by the bridle; prendere qlcu. fra le braccia, to take s.o. in one's arms; prendere una fortezza, to take (o to capture) a fortress; prendere una laurea, to take a degree; prendere una medicina, to take a medicine; prendere un premio, to take (o to win) a prize // prendere su, to pick up: prendi su quelle carte, ( da terra) pick up those papers; ( prendile con te) take those papers with you // andare a prendere, to fetch: devo andarti a prendere un bicchiere d'acqua?, shall I fetch you a glass of water?; puoi andare a prendere mio figlio a scuola?, can you fetch my son from school?; verrò a prenderti nel pomeriggio, I'll call for you in the afternoon // fu presa dalla collera, she was seized with anger; fu preso dalla paura, he was seized with fright; fu preso da malore, he was taken ill // fui preso in trappola, I was caught in a trap // lo presi per un inglese, I took him for an Englishman // non prendere freddo, don't take cold // non ha preso cibo da due giorni, he hasn't eaten for two days // prendi questa strada, take this road // prendere dei pensionanti, to take in boarders // prenditi un po' di riposo, take a rest2 ( assumere) ( personale) to hire, to employ, to engage; ( comando, direzione ecc.) to assume, to take* over: dovremo prendere una segretaria, we'll have to hire (o to employ) a secretary; hanno preso un cameriere filippino, they've hired a Philippino waiter; prenderemo un avventizio per tre mesi, we'll employ a temporary worker for three months; prendere la direzione di una ditta, to take over the management of a firm; prendere il comando, to take over (o to assume) command // prendere servizio, to begin working // non me ne prendo la responsabilità, I won't take responsibility for it3 ( guadagnare) to earn, to get*; ( far pagare) to charge: prende un ottimo stipendio, he earns (o gets) an excellent wage; nella nuova ditta prende di più, in his new firm he earns more; quanto prendi a lezione?, how much do you charge for a lesson?4 ( richiede) to take*, to require: è un lavoro che prende molto tempo, this kind of work takes (o requires) a lot of time5 ( cogliere, sorprendere) to catch*, to take*: lo presi mentre frugava nella mia scrivania, I caught him while he was (o in the act of) rummaging in my desk; prendere il nemico di sorpresa, to take the enemy by surprise6 ( occupare) to take* up: questa poltrona prende troppo posto, this armchair takes up too much room7 ( comprare) to buy*; ( affittare) to rent: ha preso una casa al mare per l'estate, he has rented a house at the seaside for the summer; voglio prendermi un cappotto nuovo, I want to buy a new coat // prenderò un'auto a nolo, I'll hire a car8 ( colpire) to catch*, to get*; to hit*: lo presi sulla testa, I caught him on the head; prese la lepre al primo colpo, he hit (o got) the hare first shot9 ( malattie) to catch*, to get*: si è preso di nuovo l'influenza, he caught the flu again; non vorrei prendermi un raffreddore, I wouldn't like to get (o catch) a cold10 prendere a, ( incominciare a) to start (doing): dopo la morte del figlio egli prese a bere, after his son's death he took to drinking; quando prende a parlare nessuno riesce a fermarlo, when he starts talking nobody can stop him◆ v. intr.1 to take*; ( voltare) to turn: prendere a sinistra, a destra, to turn (to the) left, (to the) right; prendi ( per) questa strada, take this road; prendi per i campi, strike out across the fields◆ FRASEOLOGIA: che ti prende?, what's the matter with you? (o what's up?); non prendertela!, don't take on so!; non prendertela con me, don't be angry with me (o don't lay the blame on me); se la prende comoda, he takes it easy; se la prende troppo per l'avvenire di suo fratello, he is too concerned about his brother's future; se la prese a cuore, he took it to heart; se l'è presa, se l'è presa in mala parte, he has taken it amiss (o he has taken offence at it); non so come prenderlo, è sempre così nervoso, I don't know how to handle him, he is always so irritable; prendere qlcu. con le buone, con le cattive, to treat s.o. with kindness, harshly; prendere in simpatia, in antipatia qlcu., to take a liking, a dislike to s.o. // per chi mi prendi?, who do you take me for? // prendi tempo, non c'è fretta, take your time, there's no hurry // prendere interesse a qlco., to take an interest in sthg. // prendere marito, moglie, to get married // prendere o lasciare, take it or leave it // presi tanta pioggia, I got soaking wet (o I got soaked to the skin) // prendere l'abitudine di..., to get into the habit of... // prendere le cose come vengono, to take things as they come // prendere una cosa per un'altra, to mistake one thing for another // prendere un terno al lotto, to have a stroke of luck // prendere il toro per le corna, to take the bull by the horns // prenderle, to be beaten; ( di bambini) to be smacked (o spanked): il bambino le prese da suo padre, the child was smacked by his father // essere preso d'amore per..., to fall in love with... ∙ Per frasi come: prendere atto, prendere forma, prendere il largo, prendere piede ecc. → atto, forma, largo, piede ecc.* * *1. ['prɛndere]vb irreg vtha preso il libro dal tavolo — he picked up o took the book from the table
l'ho preso dal cassetto — I took o got it out of the drawer
l'ha preso per mano — she took his hand o took him by the hand
abbiamo preso una casa — (affittare) we have rented a house, (comprare) we have bought a house
3) (direzione, scorciatoia, mezzo pubblico) to takeha preso il treno — he took the train, he went by train
ha preso il treno delle 10 — he took o caught the 10 o'clock train
4) (registrare) to take (down)5) (guadagnare) to get, earn, (chiedere: somma, prezzo) to charge, askprende 2000 euro al mese — he makes o earns 2000 euros a month
6) (ricevere: colpi, schiaffi, sgridata) to get, (subire: malattia) to catch7) (ingoiare: pasto, panino, tè) to have, (medicina) to takeprendi qualcosa? — (da bere, da mangiare) would you like something to eat (o drink)?
8) (assumere: collaboratore, dipendente) to take on, hire, (responsabilità) to take on, assume, (tono, aria) to put on, (colore) to take on, (decisione) to take, make, come to9)essere preso dai rimorsi — to be full of remorse10)prendere qn/qc per — to mistake sb/sth forha preso le mie parole per o come un'offesa — he took offence at my words
per chi mi prendi? — who do you think I am?, what do you take me for?
11) (trattare: persona) to handleprendere qn con le buone/cattive — to handle sb tactfully/rudely
12) (occupare: spazio, tempo) to take up13)prendere a fare qc — to begin to do sth, start doing sth14)prendersela — (adirarsi) to get annoyed, (preoccuparsi) to get upset, worry
15)prendere da qn — (assomigliare) to take after sbprendersi cura di qn/qc — to look after sb/sth
2)prendere a destra — to go o turn right3)mi è preso un colpo — I got such a fright3. vr (prendersi)(uso reciproco: afferrarsi) to grab each other, seize each otherprendersi a pugni — to come to blows, punch each other
* * *['prɛndere] 1.verbo transitivo1) to take*; (afferrare) to grasp, to grab, to seize; (in movimento) to catch*; (raccogliere) to pick upprendere qcn. per il braccio, per (la) mano — to take sb. by the arm, hand
tieni, prendi! — here! catch!
prendere qcs. al volo — to catch sth. in midair
2) (sorprendere) to catch*; (catturare) to catch*, to capture; mil. (conquistare) to take*, to seize [città, fortezza]farsi prendere — to be o get caught
farsi prendere dal panico — to get o fly into a panic
3) (utilizzare) to take* [mezzo di trasporto, strada]prendere una curva — (imboccare) to go around a bend
4) (portare) to bring*; (portare via con sé) to take*; (rubare) to take*, to steal*prendi la sciarpa, fa freddo — take your scarf, it's cold
5) (ritirare) to get*prendere indietro — to take back [regalo, articolo, merce]
6) (prelevare)passare a prendere qcn., qcs. — to call for o pick up sb., sth
7) (consumare) to have* [bevanda, alimento, pasto]; to take* [medicina, droga]non prendi qcs. (da bere, da mangiare)? — won't you have sth. to eat or drink?
andare a prendere un caffè, una birra — to go for a coffee, beer
8) (scegliere) to take*prendere una decisione — to make o take a decision
9) (comprare) to get*10) (ricevere, ottenere) to get* [denaro, stipendio, premio, voto, diploma]; to take* [ lezioni]; (far pagare) to charge; (assumere) to take* over [direzione, potere]; to assume [ controllo]; (accumulare) to put* on [ peso]; (captare) [ televisore] to get* [ canale]prendo 1.000 euro al mese — I get 1,000 euros a month
prendere ordini da qcn. — to take orders from sb
11) (subire) to get* [schiaffo, scossa, contravvenzione]prendere qcn. a calci, a pugni — to kick, to punch sb
12) (accettare) to take*prendere male qcs. — to take sth. badly
prendere qcn. in simpatia, in antipatia — to take a liking, disliking to sb
13) (acquisire) to take* on [colore, significato]; to put* on [aria, espressione]; to pick up [accento, abitudine]prendere da qcn. — (assomigliare) to take after sb
14) (cominciare)15) (contrarre) to get*, to catch* [malattia, virus]16) (colpire, raggiungere) to hit*, to strike* [ bersaglio]; (sbattere contro) to hit*, to run* into, to go* into [albero, muro]17) (occupare) to take* up [spazio, tempo]prendere tempo — (temporeggiare) to hold off, to stall, to play for time
18) (alle dipendenze) to take* [sb.] on [impiegato, assistente, apprendista]; to engage [avvocato, guida]prendere qcn. come balia — to take sb. on as a nanny
prendere qcn. come socio — to take sb. into partnership
19) (coinvolgere) to involve20) (considerare) to take*prendiamo Luca, per esempio — take Luca, for example
mi hai preso forse per la tua serva? — I'm not your slave, you know!
prendere qcn. per qualcun altro — (confondere) to mistake sb. for sb. else
21) (trattare)22) (misurare) to take* [misure, pressione, polso]23) (annotare) to take* down [indirizzo, numero di targa]24) (possedere sessualmente) to take*25) (in locuzioni)prendere piede — to catch on, to take root
26) prenderle colloq. to get* a beating2.1) (andare, dirigersi)2) (infiammarsi) [fuoco, legno] to catch*3) (rapprendersi) [cemento, gesso] to set*4) (capitare)3.verbo pronominale prendersi1)2) (assumersi) to take* on [ impegno]; to take* [ merito]; (concedersi) to take* [ ferie]-rsi a cuore qcn., qcs. — to take sb., sth. to heart
-rsi cura di qcn. — to take care of sb. to look after sb.
-rsi la libertà di fare qcs. — to take the liberty of doing sth.
- rsi due giorni (di vacanza) — colloq. to take two days off
3) (subire) to get* [schiaffo, sgridata]- rsi l'influenza — to get flu, to catch o come down with flu
- rsi uno spavento — to have o get a fright
5) prendersela (preoccuparsi) to get* worked up; (arrabbiarsi) to take* sth. amissprendersela con qcn. — (incolpare) to go on at sb., to pick on sb.; (sfogarsi) to take it out on sb
••* * *prendere/'prεndere/ [10]1 to take*; (afferrare) to grasp, to grab, to seize; (in movimento) to catch*; (raccogliere) to pick up; prendere qcn. per il braccio, per (la) mano to take sb. by the arm, hand; tieni, prendi! here! catch! prendere qcs. al volo to catch sth. in midair; il martello si prende per il manico you hold a hammer by the handle2 (sorprendere) to catch*; (catturare) to catch*, to capture; mil. (conquistare) to take*, to seize [città, fortezza]; l'hanno preso mentre rubava they caught him stealing; farsi prendere to be o get caught; prendetelo! stop him! farsi prendere dal panico to get o fly into a panic3 (utilizzare) to take* [mezzo di trasporto, strada]; ha preso l'aereo per andare a Madrid he went to Madrid by air; sei riuscito a prendere il treno? did you manage to catch the train? prendi la prima a destra take the first turn on the right; prendere una curva (imboccare) to go around a bend4 (portare) to bring*; (portare via con sé) to take*; (rubare) to take*, to steal*; non ho preso abbastanza soldi I haven't brought enough money; prendi la sciarpa, fa freddo take your scarf, it's cold; mi hanno preso tutti i gioielli I had all my jewellery stolen5 (ritirare) to get*; prendere un libro in biblioteca to get a book out of the library; prendere indietro to take back [regalo, articolo, merce]6 (prelevare) andare a prendere i bambini a scuola to collect the children from school; è venuta a prendermi alla stazione she picked me up at the station; passare a prendere qcn., qcs. to call for o pick up sb., sth.7 (consumare) to have* [bevanda, alimento, pasto]; to take* [medicina, droga]; non prendi qcs. (da bere, da mangiare)? won't you have sth. to eat or drink? prenderò il pesce I'll have the fish; prendere il tè senza zucchero not to put sugar in one's tea; posso prendere un altro pasticcino? can I have another cake? andare a prendere un caffè, una birra to go for a coffee, beer8 (scegliere) to take*; prendere una (camera) doppia to take a double room; prendere una decisione to make o take a decision9 (comprare) to get*; prendi anche del prosciutto get some ham too; di solito prendiamo La Stampa we usually take La Stampa10 (ricevere, ottenere) to get* [denaro, stipendio, premio, voto, diploma]; to take* [ lezioni]; (far pagare) to charge; (assumere) to take* over [direzione, potere]; to assume [ controllo]; (accumulare) to put* on [ peso]; (captare) [ televisore] to get* [ canale]; prendo 1.000 euro al mese I get 1,000 euros a month; quanto prende all'ora? how much does he charge an hour? prendere una telefonata to take a telephone call; prendere ordini da qcn. to take orders from sb.11 (subire) to get* [schiaffo, scossa, contravvenzione]; prendere qcn. a calci, a pugni to kick, to punch sb.12 (accettare) to take*; prendere le cose come vengono to take things as they come; prendere male qcs. to take sth. badly; prendere qcn. in simpatia, in antipatia to take a liking, disliking to sb.13 (acquisire) to take* on [colore, significato]; to put* on [aria, espressione]; to pick up [accento, abitudine]; prendere cattive abitudini to get into bad habits; prendere da qcn. (assomigliare) to take after sb.14 (cominciare) prendere a fare to start doing15 (contrarre) to get*, to catch* [malattia, virus]16 (colpire, raggiungere) to hit*, to strike* [ bersaglio]; (sbattere contro) to hit*, to run* into, to go* into [albero, muro]; ho preso un colpo contro il banco I bumped into the desk17 (occupare) to take* up [spazio, tempo]; quando tempo ti prenderà la riunione? how long will you be in the meeting? costruire il muro non prenderà tanto tempo the wall won't take long to build; prendere tempo (temporeggiare) to hold off, to stall, to play for time18 (alle dipendenze) to take* [sb.] on [impiegato, assistente, apprendista]; to engage [avvocato, guida]; prendere qcn. come balia to take sb. on as a nanny; prendere qcn. come socio to take sb. into partnership19 (coinvolgere) to involve; essere preso da un libro to be involved in a book; farsi prendere da to get involved in20 (considerare) to take*; prendiamo Luca, per esempio take Luca, for example; per chi mi prendi? what do you take me for? mi hai preso forse per la tua serva? I'm not your slave, you know! non prenderla come una critica don't take it as a criticism; prendere qcn. per qualcun altro (confondere) to mistake sb. for sb. else21 (trattare) è molto gentile se lo sai prendere he is very nice when you know how to handle him; lui sa come prenderla he knows how to manage her22 (misurare) to take* [misure, pressione, polso]; farsi prendere le misure per to get oneself measured for23 (annotare) to take* down [indirizzo, numero di targa]; prendere appunti to take notes24 (possedere sessualmente) to take*25 (in locuzioni) prendere in prestito to borrow; prendere in affitto to rent; prendere posto to take one's seat; prendere piede to catch on, to take root(aus. avere)1 (andare, dirigersi) prendere a sinistra to go left; prendere per i campi to head off across the fields2 (infiammarsi) [fuoco, legno] to catch*3 (rapprendersi) [cemento, gesso] to set*4 (capitare) cosa ti prende? what's come over you?III prendersi verbo pronominale1 - rsi le dita nella porta to catch one's fingers in the door2 (assumersi) to take* on [ impegno]; to take* [ merito]; (concedersi) to take* [ ferie]; -rsi a cuore qcn., qcs. to take sb., sth. to heart; -rsi cura di qcn. to take care of sb. to look after sb.; -rsi la libertà di fare qcs. to take the liberty of doing sth.; - rsi due giorni (di vacanza) colloq. to take two days off3 (subire) to get* [schiaffo, sgridata]; - rsi l'influenza to get flu, to catch o come down with flu; - rsi uno spavento to have o get a fright4 (con valore reciproco) - rsi per mano to join hands5 prendersela (preoccuparsi) to get* worked up; (arrabbiarsi) to take* sth. amiss; prendersela con qcn. (incolpare) to go on at sb., to pick on sb.; (sfogarsi) to take it out on sb.prendere o lasciare take it or leave it. -
74 dificultad
f.1 difficulty.el grado de dificultad de los exámenes the degree of difficulty of the exams2 problem.la dificultad está en hacerlo sin mojarse los pies the difficult thing is to do it without getting your feet wetencontrar dificultades to run into trouble o problemspasar por dificultades to suffer hardship3 hardness, not easiness.imperat.2nd person plural (vosotros/ustedes) Imperative of Spanish verb: dificultar.* * *1 difficulty2 (obstáculo) obstacle; (problema) trouble, problem* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=obstáculo) difficulty2) (=problema) difficultyno hay dificultad para aceptar que... — there is no difficulty about accepting that...
3) (=objeción) objectionme pusieron dificultades para darme el pasaporte — they made it difficult o awkward for me to get a passport
* * *a) ( cualidad de difícil) difficultyb) ( problema)superar or vencer dificultades — to overcome difficulties
* * *= difficulty, rough spot, snag, hardness, hiccup, crunch, challenge, hassle, rub, kink.Ex. UDC is widely used despite the difficulties in keeping the schedules up to date.Ex. But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.Ex. Another snag was the existence of entrenched divergent cataloguing habits among the multinational staff, not to mention their fear of the unknown = Otro problema era la existencia de hábitos de catalogación divergentes y ya arraigados entre el personal multinacional, por no mencionar su miedo hacia lo desconocido.Ex. Hardness and the penetration of the ink layer into the paper were also measured = También se midió la solidez y la penetración de la tinta en el papel.Ex. The book 'The Last Hiccup of the Old Demographic Regime' examines the impact of epidemics and disease on population growth in the late seventeenth century.Ex. The author of the article 'The crunch and academic library services: a personal view' believes that inflation is one of the underlying causes of the crisis in university libraries.Ex. The duration of the cycle varies markedly from institution to institution, dependent upon the adaptability of the institutional structure to challenge and change.Ex. The article is entitled 'How to implement electronic subscriptions replacing the routing list hassle'.Ex. But as elegant and efficient as this seems, this strategy has a rub - you've got to have technology to track shipments, since you're ultimately responsible for purchases, warranties and returns.Ex. However, like any emerging technology, there are still a few kinks in the system.----* afrontar una dificultad = front + difficulty.* ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* aprobar sin dificultad = sail through + exam.* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* caminar con dificultad = plod (along/through).* causar dificultad = cause + difficulty.* clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.* con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.* con dificultades = in difficulties.* conducir o andar con cuidado debido a la dificultad existente = navigate.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* conseguir con dificultad = eke out.* dificultad + afectar = difficulty + dog.* dificultad + apremiar = difficulty + dog.* dificultad económica = fiscal exigency, financial exigency.* dificultad + encontrarse = difficulty + lie.* dificultades = crisis [crises, -pl.].* dificultades + agravarse = difficulties + exacerbate.* dificultades + aquejar = difficulties + beset.* dificultades de aprendizaje = learning difficulties.* dificultades económicas = fiscal constraints, fiscal adversity, economic adversity.* dificultades presupuestarias = budget adversity.* dificultad presupuestaria = budget crunch.* dificultad + surgir = difficulty + arise.* dificultad técnica = technical difficulty.* encontrar dificultades = encounter + difficulties, encounter + limitations.* encontrarse con dificultades = run up against + difficulties.* encontrarse en dificultades = find + Reflexivo + in difficulties.* en dificultades = stranded.* enfrentarse con una dificultad = face + difficulty.* entrañar dificultad = present + difficulty.* esa es la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* estar en dificultades = be in trouble.* forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.* fórmula para la dificultad de lectura = reading formula.* funcionar con dificultad = labour [labor, -USA].* ganar con dificultad = eke out.* ganar sin ninguna dificultad = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.* hacer Algo con dificultad = muddle through, plod (along/through).* indicar las dificultades = note + difficulties.* insertar con dificultad = squeeze in/into.* leer con dificultad = wade through.* meter con dificultad = squeeze in/into.* mitigar una dificultad = alleviate + difficulty.* pasar dificultades = struggle, be under strain, bear + hardship, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.* plantear dificultad = pose + difficulty.* plantear dificultades = raise + difficulties.* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.* presentar dificultad = present + difficulty.* progresar con dificultad = thread through.* respirar con dificultad = gasp for + breath, wheeze.* señalar las dificultades = note + difficulties.* sin dificultad = without difficulty.* sin dificultad alguna = without a hitch.* sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.* superar una dificultad = overcome + difficulty, get over + difficulty.* surgir una dificultad = arise + difficulty.* tener dificultad = struggle, experience + difficulty, be hard pressed.* tener dificultad de + Infinitivo = have + difficulty + Gerundio, have + difficulty in + Gerundio.* tener dificultad en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tener dificultades = have + a hard time, have + a tough time.* toparse con dificultades = run up against + difficulties.* tropezar con dificultades = run into + difficulties.* * *a) ( cualidad de difícil) difficultyb) ( problema)superar or vencer dificultades — to overcome difficulties
* * *= difficulty, rough spot, snag, hardness, hiccup, crunch, challenge, hassle, rub, kink.Ex: UDC is widely used despite the difficulties in keeping the schedules up to date.
Ex: But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.Ex: Another snag was the existence of entrenched divergent cataloguing habits among the multinational staff, not to mention their fear of the unknown = Otro problema era la existencia de hábitos de catalogación divergentes y ya arraigados entre el personal multinacional, por no mencionar su miedo hacia lo desconocido.Ex: Hardness and the penetration of the ink layer into the paper were also measured = También se midió la solidez y la penetración de la tinta en el papel.Ex: The book 'The Last Hiccup of the Old Demographic Regime' examines the impact of epidemics and disease on population growth in the late seventeenth century.Ex: The author of the article 'The crunch and academic library services: a personal view' believes that inflation is one of the underlying causes of the crisis in university libraries.Ex: The duration of the cycle varies markedly from institution to institution, dependent upon the adaptability of the institutional structure to challenge and change.Ex: The article is entitled 'How to implement electronic subscriptions replacing the routing list hassle'.Ex: But as elegant and efficient as this seems, this strategy has a rub - you've got to have technology to track shipments, since you're ultimately responsible for purchases, warranties and returns.Ex: However, like any emerging technology, there are still a few kinks in the system.* afrontar una dificultad = front + difficulty.* ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* aprobar sin dificultad = sail through + exam.* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* caminar con dificultad = plod (along/through).* causar dificultad = cause + difficulty.* clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.* con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.* con dificultades = in difficulties.* conducir o andar con cuidado debido a la dificultad existente = navigate.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* conseguir con dificultad = eke out.* dificultad + afectar = difficulty + dog.* dificultad + apremiar = difficulty + dog.* dificultad económica = fiscal exigency, financial exigency.* dificultad + encontrarse = difficulty + lie.* dificultades = crisis [crises, -pl.].* dificultades + agravarse = difficulties + exacerbate.* dificultades + aquejar = difficulties + beset.* dificultades de aprendizaje = learning difficulties.* dificultades económicas = fiscal constraints, fiscal adversity, economic adversity.* dificultades presupuestarias = budget adversity.* dificultad presupuestaria = budget crunch.* dificultad + surgir = difficulty + arise.* dificultad técnica = technical difficulty.* encontrar dificultades = encounter + difficulties, encounter + limitations.* encontrarse con dificultades = run up against + difficulties.* encontrarse en dificultades = find + Reflexivo + in difficulties.* en dificultades = stranded.* enfrentarse con una dificultad = face + difficulty.* entrañar dificultad = present + difficulty.* esa es la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.* estar en dificultades = be in trouble.* forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.* fórmula para la dificultad de lectura = reading formula.* funcionar con dificultad = labour [labor, -USA].* ganar con dificultad = eke out.* ganar sin ninguna dificultad = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.* hacer Algo con dificultad = muddle through, plod (along/through).* indicar las dificultades = note + difficulties.* insertar con dificultad = squeeze in/into.* leer con dificultad = wade through.* meter con dificultad = squeeze in/into.* mitigar una dificultad = alleviate + difficulty.* pasar dificultades = struggle, be under strain, bear + hardship, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.* plantear dificultad = pose + difficulty.* plantear dificultades = raise + difficulties.* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.* presentar dificultad = present + difficulty.* progresar con dificultad = thread through.* respirar con dificultad = gasp for + breath, wheeze.* señalar las dificultades = note + difficulties.* sin dificultad = without difficulty.* sin dificultad alguna = without a hitch.* sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.* superar una dificultad = overcome + difficulty, get over + difficulty.* surgir una dificultad = arise + difficulty.* tener dificultad = struggle, experience + difficulty, be hard pressed.* tener dificultad de + Infinitivo = have + difficulty + Gerundio, have + difficulty in + Gerundio.* tener dificultad en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tener dificultades = have + a hard time, have + a tough time.* toparse con dificultades = run up against + difficulties.* tropezar con dificultades = run into + difficulties.* * *1 (cualidad de difícil) difficultyun ejercicio de escasa dificultad a fairly easy exerciseel grado de dificultad de la prueba the degree of difficulty of the testrespira con dificultad his breathing is labored, he has difficulty breathing2 (problema) difficultysuperar or vencer dificultades to overcome difficulties¿tuviste alguna dificultad para encontrar la casa? did you have any trouble o difficulty finding the house?tiene dificultades en hacerse entender she has difficulty in o she has problems making herself understoodla dificultad está en hacerlo en el mínimo de tiempo the difficult o hard part is to do it in the shortest possible timepasamos muchas dificultades, pero salimos adelante we had a lot of problems, but we came through it allme pusieron muchas dificultades para entrar they made it very hard for me to get in* * *
Del verbo dificultar: ( conjugate dificultar)
dificultad es:
2ª persona plural (vosotros) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
dificultad
dificultar
dificultad sustantivo femenino
difficulty;
tiene dificultades en hacerse entender she has difficulty in making herself understood;
me pusieron muchas dificultades para entrar they made it very hard for me to get in;
meterse en dificultades to get into difficulties
dificultar ( conjugate dificultar) verbo transitivo
to make … difficult
dificultad sustantivo femenino
1 difficulty
2 (penalidad, contrariedad) trouble, problem
dificultades económicas, financial problems
' dificultad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
coja
- cojo
- elevarse
- encarar
- escollo
- evadir
- fatiga
- impedimento
- infranqueable
- intríngulis
- necesidad
- nudo
- obstáculo
- pena
- remontar
- retroceder
- salir
- salvar
- tela
- tumbo
- vencer
- apuro
- complicación
- confrontar
- contra
- contrariedad
- encontrar
- esquivar
- insuperable
- miga
- ofrecer
- pantano
- pega
- pero
- presentar
- radicar
- sortear
- subsanar
- superar
- surgir
- traba
- tropezar
English:
difficulty
- experience
- extricate
- gasp
- hassle
- hitch
- hobble
- inarticulate
- iron out
- job
- manage
- painless
- squash in
- struggle
- struggle along
- struggle on
- tongue-tied
- trial
- trouble
- trudge
- considerable
- difficult
- grade
- hiccup
- pit
- scramble
- wheeze
- wriggle
* * *dificultad nf1. [cualidad de difícil] difficulty;caminaba con dificultad she walked with difficulty;un ejercicio de gran dificultad a very difficult exercise2. [obstáculo] problem;todo son dificultades con ella she sees everything as a problem;la dificultad está en hacerlo sin mojarse los pies the difficult thing is to do it without getting your feet wet;encontrar dificultades to run into trouble o problems;poner dificultades to raise objections;nos puso muchas dificultades para entrevistarlo he put no end of obstacles in our way when we wanted to interview him;¿tuviste alguna dificultad para dar con la calle? did you have any difficulty finding the street?* * *f difficulty;sin dificultad easily;con dificultades with difficulty;poner dificultades make it difficult* * *dificultad nf: difficulty* * *2. (problema) problem -
75 volver
v.1 to turn round (dar la vuelta a).al volver la esquina when we turned the cornerElla volvió la tortilla She turned the tortilla.Volvió inservible el carro.. It rendered the car useless.2 to turn (cabeza, ojos).3 to go back, to return (ir de vuelta).yo allí no vuelvo I'm not going back therevuelve, no te vayas come back, don't goal volver pasé por el supermercado I stopped off at the supermarket on the o my way backaún no ha vuelto del trabajo she isn't back o hasn't got back from work yetvolver en sí to come to, to regain consciousnessEllos volvieron ayer They returned yesterday.4 to come back to.Me volvieron los recuerdos Memories came back to me.5 to vomit.Ella volvió los tacos She vomited the tacos.* * *1 (dar vuelta a) to turn, turn over; (hacia abajo) to turn upside down; (de dentro afuera) to turn inside out; (lo de atrás hacia delante) to turn back to front2 (convertir) to turn, make, change3 (devolver) to give back; (a su lugar) to put back4 (torcer) to turn2 (a un tema etc) to return, revert3 volver a (hacer otra vez) to do again1 (regresar - ir) to go back; (- venir) to come back2 (darse la vuelta) to turn3 (convertirse) to turn, become\volver a alguien a la vida to revive somebody, bring somebody back to lifevolver a las andadas to fall back into one's old habitsvolver del revés to turn inside outvolver en sí to regain consciousness, come roundvolver los ojos hacia to turn one's eyes towardsvolver sobre sus pasos to retrace one's stepsvolverle la espalda a alguien figurado to turn one's back on somebodyvolverse atrás figurado to go back on one's word, back outvolverse en contra de alguien to turn against somebody* * *verb1) to return2) go back, come back3) revert4) cause, drive, make5) turn over•- volver a- volverse* * *( pp vuelto)1. VT1) (=dar la vuelta a) [+ cabeza] to turn; [+ colchón, tortilla, enfermo] to turn over; [+ jersey, calcetín] to turn inside out; [+ página] to turn, turn over2) (=cambiar la orientación de) to turn•
volver los ojos al pasado — to look backvuelve sus ojos ahora hacia uno de sus grandes compositores — she now turns to one of her favourite composers
•
volver el pensamiento a Dios — to turn one's thoughts to God•
volver la proa al viento — to turn the bow into the wind3) *(=devolver) [+ compra] to return; [+ comida] to bring up; [+ imagen] to reflect; [+ objeto lanzado] to send back, return; [+ visita] to returnvolver algo a su lugar — to return sth to its place, put sth back (in its place)
volver la casa a su estado original — to return o restore the house to its original condition
4) (=enrollar) [+ manga] to roll up5) [+ adj] to makeel ácido lo vuelve azul — the acid turns it blue, the acid makes it go blue
6) (Ling) to translate (a into)2. VI1) (=regresar) (a donde se está) to come back, return; (a donde se estaba) to go back, return (a to) ([de] from)volver victorioso — to come back victorious, return in triumph
volviendo a lo que decía... — going back o returning to what I was saying...
•
volver atrás — to go back, turn back2)• volver a hacer algo — to do sth again
me he vuelto a equivocar — I've made a mistake again, I've made another mistake
volvió a casarse — she remarried, she (got) married again
3)• volver en sí — to come to, come round
4) [camino] to turn (a to)3.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( regresar - al lugar donde se está) to come back; (- a otro lugar) to go back¿cómo vas a volver? — how are you getting back?
volvió muy cambiada — she came back o returned a different person
¿cuándo piensas volver por aquí? — when do you think you'll be o come back this way?
volver a algo — < a un lugar> to go back to something; <a una situación/actividad> to return to something
volviendo a lo que decía... — to get o go back to what I was saying...
volver de algo: ¿cuándo volviste de las vacaciones? when did you get back from your vacation?; ha vuelto de Roma she's back from Rome; volvió cansado del trabajo he was tired when he got home from work; volver atrás — ( literal) to go o turn back; ( al pasado) to turn back the clock
2)b) calma/paz to return3)volver en sí — to come to o round
4) ( reconciliarse)2.volver v aux3.volver a + inf: volver a empezar to start again o (AmE) over; no volverá a ocurrir it won't happen again; no lo volví a ver I never saw him again; lo tuve que volver a llevar al taller — I had to take it back to the workshop
volver vt1) ( dar la vuelta)a) <colchón/tortilla> to turn (over); < tierra> to turn o dig over; <calcetín/chaqueta> ( poner del revés) to turn... inside out; ( poner del derecho) to turn... the right way round; < cuello> to turnb) <cabeza/mirada>c) < esquina> to turn2) (convertir en, poner)me está volviendo loca — it's/he's/she's driving me mad
3) (Méx)4.volverse v pron1) ( girar) to turn (around)no te vuelvas, que nos están siguiendo — don't look back, we're being followed
volverse boca arriba/abajo — to turn over onto one's back/stomach
volverse atrás — to back out
2) (convertirse en, ponerse)se vuelve agrio — it turns o goes sour
* * *= come back, render, return, switch back, turn back, turn over + page, turn over, get back, be back.Ex. He wondered whether to chase after Duff and order him to come back or wait and see him later, after she had regained her composure.Ex. So strongly was it felt by proponents of change that just such unconscious biases rendered libraries 'part of the problem, instead of the solution'.Ex. Returning to government agencies, some agencies are treated as subordinate to a government, whilst others are entered independently.Ex. A code at the bottom of the local document summary and full information screens allow switching back to the system catalog.Ex. It might be wise for you to turn back and re-read what was said in section 2.Ex. Turn over the page and you will find suggested analyses against which you can check your solution.Ex. Then he picked up about 2 cm. of type from the right-hand end of the uppermost line (i.e. the last word or two of the last line) with the thumb and forefinger of his right hand, read it, and dropped the pieces of type one by one into their proper boxes, turning over the old house.Ex. I have been off on vacation and just got back.Ex. Which means I'd give the whole shooting match just to be back where I was before I quit sleeping under the stars and come into the hen-coops.----* acción de volver a contar algo = retelling.* aguas + volver a su cauce = dust + settle.* hacer que la gente se vuelva a mirar = make + heads turn.* hora de volver a casa = curfew.* la historia + volverse a repetir = history + come full circle.* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.* no volver = go + forever.* no volver hasta + Expresión Temporal = not be back for + Expresión Temporal.* no volver la vista atrás = never + look back.* que puede volver a cerrarse herméticamente = resealable.* volvemos siempre al principio = things swing full circle.* volver a = depart to, get back to, go back to, move back to, revert (to), go + full circle back to, circle back to, backtrack [back-track], recur to, roll back to, revert back to, head back to, slide back to, default to.* volver a abrir = be back in business.* volver a adoptar = resume.* volver a albergar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a alfombrar = recarpet [re-carpet].* volver a Alguien loco = drive + Alguien + up a wall, drive + Alguien + to despair, drive + Alguien + mad, drive + Alguien + insane, drive + Alguien + crazy, drive + Alguien + nuts, drive + Alguien + potty.* volver a almacenar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a alojar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a alquilar = rehire [re-hire].* volver a analizar = reexamine [re-examine], reanalyse [reanalyze, -USA].* volver a aparecer = resurface.* volver a aprender = relearn.* volver a asegurar = reinsure.* volver a asentar = resettle.* volver a atar = re-tie.* volver a bautizar = re-baptise [re-baptize, -USA].* volver a caer (en) = relapse (into).* volver a calcular = recalculation.* volver a cargar = reload.* volver a casa = go + home again.* volver a casarse = remarry.* volver a clasificar = refolder.* volver a combinar = recombine [re-combine].* volver a comprimir = recompress.* volver a comprobar = check back.* volver a conectar = reconnect [re-connect].* volver a congelarse = re-freeze [refreeze].* volver a considerar = reconsider.* volver a consultar = revisit, check back.* volver a contar = recount, retell.* volver a contextualizar = recontextualise [recontextualize, USA].* volver a contratar = rehire [re-hire].* volver a convertir = reconvert.* volver a convocar = reconvene.* volver a copiar = recopy.* volver a crear = recreate [re-create].* volver a dar forma = reshape [re-shape].* volver a descubrir = rediscover.* volver a despertar = reawaken [re-awaken].* volver a determinar = respecify.* volver a diseñar = redesign [re-design], repurpose [re-purpose].* volver a dotar = re-equip [reequip].* volver a ejecutar = rerun [re-run].* volver a empezar = return to + the drawing boards, back to the drawing board, a fresh start, start over, go back to + square one, be back to square one.* volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.* volver a encuadernar = rebind [re-bind].* volver a enmoquetar = recarpeting.* volver a enseñar = retrain [re-train].* volver a entrar = come back in.* volver a enviar = resubmit [re-submit], reship, resend [re-send].* volver a equipar = re-equip [reequip].* volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].* volver a especificar = respecify.* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.* volver a evaluar = reassess [re-assess], reevaluate [re-evaluate], reappraise.* volver a financiar = re-fund.* volver a formarse = reform.* volver a formatear = reformat [re-format].* volver a funcionar = be back in business.* volver a guardar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a hablar innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].* volver a hacer = redo [re-do], remake.* volver a hacer un examen = retake + an exam.* volver a hidratar = rehydrate.* volver a imprimir = reprint.* volver a incluir = reinstate.* volver a indizar = re-index [reindex].* volver a inscribir = reregister.* volver a insertar = reinsert.* volver a insertar en el ordenador = rekey [re-key].* volver a intentar = retry [re-try].* volver a interpretar = reinterpret [re-interpret].* volver a introducir = re-enter [reenter], reintroduce, reinsert.* volver a juzgar = retry [re-try].* volver a la etapa de planificación = return to + the drawing boards, back to the drawing board.* volver a la normalidad = get back to + normal, return to + normalcy, get (back) into + the swings of things.* volver a la popularidad = return to + favour.* volver a la seguridad de = burrow back into.* volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.* volver a leer = reread [re-read].* volver a levantar el sistema = restart.* volver Algo a su estado anterior = put + Nombre + back on track.* volver Algo del revés = turn + Nombre + inside-out.* volver Algo en Otra Cosa = turn + Nombre + into.* volver al pasado = turn + the clock back.* volver al principio = come + full circle, bring + Pronombre + full-circle.* volver al punto de partida = come + full circle, bring + Pronombre + full-circle, go back to + square one, be back to square one.* volver al redil = return to + the fold.* volver a manejar = rehandle.* volver a mezclar = remix.* volver a montar = reassemble [re-assemble].* volver a mostrar = redisplay.* volver a nacer = have + a lucky escape, have + a narrow escape.* volver a nombrar = rename.* volver a ordenar = resort.* volver a oxidar = reoxidise [reoxidize, -USA].* volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].* volver a pintar = repaint [re-paint].* volver a planificar = reschedule.* volver a plantearse = reconceive of.* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* volver a por sus fueros = be back on track, be on track, bite back.* volver a preguntar = check back.* volver a presentar = resubmit [re-submit].* volver a prestar atención = refocus + attention.* volver a procesar = reprocess.* volver a programar = reschedule.* volver a promover un producto = rehyping.* volver a publicar = reissue [re-issue].* volver a recibir financiación = re-fund.* volver a representar = remap.* volver a reunir = reassemble [re-assemble].* volver a salir = come back out.* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.* volver a ser condenado = reconviction.* volver a ser lo que era = be back on track, be on track.* volver a subvencionar = re-fund.* volver a su camino = get back on + track, get back on + Posesivo + path.* volver a tomar = regain, retake.* volver a traducir = remap.* volver a traer = restore.* volver atrás = turn + the clock back, go + backwards.* volver a tratar = revisit.* volver a unir = reunite [re-unite].* volver a untar grasa al cojinete = repack + bearing.* volver a usar = reuse [re-use].* volver a utilizar = recapture, reutilise [reutilize, -USA].* volver a vivir = relive.* volver corriendo = scurry back.* volver de nuevo = come back out.* volver el reloj atrás = turn + the clock back.* volver en + Expresión Temporal = be back in + Expresión Temporal.* volver en sí = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* volver hacia atrás = backtrack [back-track].* volver la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* volver la espalda = give + Nombre + the cold shoulder, turn + a cold shoulder to, cold-shoulder.* volver la espalda a = turn + Posesivo + back on.* volver la página = turn over + page.* volver las tornas = turn + the tables (on).* volver la vista atrás = look back.* volverlo a hacer = go and do it again.* volver loco = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend, piss + Nombre + off.* volver loco a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops, push + Alguien + over the edge.* volver loco, exasperar, sacar de quicio, cabrear, encabronar, dar por culo, = piss + Nombre + off.* volver pronto = haste back.* volverse = become, turn into, swing around, turn (a)round.* volverse + Adjetivo = grow + Adjetivo.* volverse a reunir = reconvene.* volverse a unir a = rejoin.* volverse chalado = go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse chiflado = go + potty, go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse ciego = become + blind.* volverse + Color = turn to + Color.* volverse cruel = become + vicious.* volverse en contra de = turn against.* volverse estúpido = go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse etéreo = etherealise [etherealize, -USA].* volverse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather.* volverse ilegible = become + unreadable.* volverse líquido = turn to + liquid.* volverse loco = go + bananas, take + leave of + Posesivo + senses, go + mad, run + amok, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, go + berserk, go + postal, go + wild, go + crazy, go + nuts, go + potty, get + a buzz from, go out of + Posesivo + mind, throw + a wobbly, go off + the rails, throw + a wobbler, go + haywire, go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse loco de alegría = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.* volverse loco por = sweep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + feet, go + gaga (over).* volverse majareta = go + potty, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go off + the rails, go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse marrón = turn + brown.* volverse obscuro = turn + dark.* volverse obsoleto = go out of + date, become + obsolete, go out of + fashion, obsolesce.* volverse obsoleto, pasar de moda, caducar = become + obsolete.* volverse oscuro = turn + dark.* volverse violento = turn + violent.* volver sobre = retrace.* volver sobre los pasos de Uno = double-back, retrace + Posesivo + steps, retrace + Posesivo + footsteps, go back on + Posesivo + steps.* volver tarde a casa = stay out + late.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( regresar - al lugar donde se está) to come back; (- a otro lugar) to go back¿cómo vas a volver? — how are you getting back?
volvió muy cambiada — she came back o returned a different person
¿cuándo piensas volver por aquí? — when do you think you'll be o come back this way?
volver a algo — < a un lugar> to go back to something; <a una situación/actividad> to return to something
volviendo a lo que decía... — to get o go back to what I was saying...
volver de algo: ¿cuándo volviste de las vacaciones? when did you get back from your vacation?; ha vuelto de Roma she's back from Rome; volvió cansado del trabajo he was tired when he got home from work; volver atrás — ( literal) to go o turn back; ( al pasado) to turn back the clock
2)b) calma/paz to return3)volver en sí — to come to o round
4) ( reconciliarse)2.volver v aux3.volver a + inf: volver a empezar to start again o (AmE) over; no volverá a ocurrir it won't happen again; no lo volví a ver I never saw him again; lo tuve que volver a llevar al taller — I had to take it back to the workshop
volver vt1) ( dar la vuelta)a) <colchón/tortilla> to turn (over); < tierra> to turn o dig over; <calcetín/chaqueta> ( poner del revés) to turn... inside out; ( poner del derecho) to turn... the right way round; < cuello> to turnb) <cabeza/mirada>c) < esquina> to turn2) (convertir en, poner)me está volviendo loca — it's/he's/she's driving me mad
3) (Méx)4.volverse v pron1) ( girar) to turn (around)no te vuelvas, que nos están siguiendo — don't look back, we're being followed
volverse boca arriba/abajo — to turn over onto one's back/stomach
volverse atrás — to back out
2) (convertirse en, ponerse)se vuelve agrio — it turns o goes sour
* * *= come back, render, return, switch back, turn back, turn over + page, turn over, get back, be back.Ex: He wondered whether to chase after Duff and order him to come back or wait and see him later, after she had regained her composure.
Ex: So strongly was it felt by proponents of change that just such unconscious biases rendered libraries 'part of the problem, instead of the solution'.Ex: Returning to government agencies, some agencies are treated as subordinate to a government, whilst others are entered independently.Ex: A code at the bottom of the local document summary and full information screens allow switching back to the system catalog.Ex: It might be wise for you to turn back and re-read what was said in section 2.Ex: Turn over the page and you will find suggested analyses against which you can check your solution.Ex: Then he picked up about 2 cm. of type from the right-hand end of the uppermost line (i.e. the last word or two of the last line) with the thumb and forefinger of his right hand, read it, and dropped the pieces of type one by one into their proper boxes, turning over the old house.Ex: I have been off on vacation and just got back.Ex: Which means I'd give the whole shooting match just to be back where I was before I quit sleeping under the stars and come into the hen-coops.* acción de volver a contar algo = retelling.* aguas + volver a su cauce = dust + settle.* hacer que la gente se vuelva a mirar = make + heads turn.* hora de volver a casa = curfew.* la historia + volverse a repetir = history + come full circle.* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.* no volver = go + forever.* no volver hasta + Expresión Temporal = not be back for + Expresión Temporal.* no volver la vista atrás = never + look back.* que puede volver a cerrarse herméticamente = resealable.* volvemos siempre al principio = things swing full circle.* volver a = depart to, get back to, go back to, move back to, revert (to), go + full circle back to, circle back to, backtrack [back-track], recur to, roll back to, revert back to, head back to, slide back to, default to.* volver a abrir = be back in business.* volver a adoptar = resume.* volver a albergar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a alfombrar = recarpet [re-carpet].* volver a Alguien loco = drive + Alguien + up a wall, drive + Alguien + to despair, drive + Alguien + mad, drive + Alguien + insane, drive + Alguien + crazy, drive + Alguien + nuts, drive + Alguien + potty.* volver a almacenar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a alojar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a alquilar = rehire [re-hire].* volver a analizar = reexamine [re-examine], reanalyse [reanalyze, -USA].* volver a aparecer = resurface.* volver a aprender = relearn.* volver a asegurar = reinsure.* volver a asentar = resettle.* volver a atar = re-tie.* volver a bautizar = re-baptise [re-baptize, -USA].* volver a caer (en) = relapse (into).* volver a calcular = recalculation.* volver a cargar = reload.* volver a casa = go + home again.* volver a casarse = remarry.* volver a clasificar = refolder.* volver a combinar = recombine [re-combine].* volver a comprimir = recompress.* volver a comprobar = check back.* volver a conectar = reconnect [re-connect].* volver a congelarse = re-freeze [refreeze].* volver a considerar = reconsider.* volver a consultar = revisit, check back.* volver a contar = recount, retell.* volver a contextualizar = recontextualise [recontextualize, USA].* volver a contratar = rehire [re-hire].* volver a convertir = reconvert.* volver a convocar = reconvene.* volver a copiar = recopy.* volver a crear = recreate [re-create].* volver a dar forma = reshape [re-shape].* volver a descubrir = rediscover.* volver a despertar = reawaken [re-awaken].* volver a determinar = respecify.* volver a diseñar = redesign [re-design], repurpose [re-purpose].* volver a dotar = re-equip [reequip].* volver a ejecutar = rerun [re-run].* volver a empezar = return to + the drawing boards, back to the drawing board, a fresh start, start over, go back to + square one, be back to square one.* volver a empezar de cero = be back to square one, go back to + square one.* volver a encuadernar = rebind [re-bind].* volver a enmoquetar = recarpeting.* volver a enseñar = retrain [re-train].* volver a entrar = come back in.* volver a enviar = resubmit [re-submit], reship, resend [re-send].* volver a equipar = re-equip [reequip].* volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].* volver a especificar = respecify.* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.* volver a evaluar = reassess [re-assess], reevaluate [re-evaluate], reappraise.* volver a financiar = re-fund.* volver a formarse = reform.* volver a formatear = reformat [re-format].* volver a funcionar = be back in business.* volver a guardar = rehouse [re-house].* volver a hablar innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].* volver a hacer = redo [re-do], remake.* volver a hacer un examen = retake + an exam.* volver a hidratar = rehydrate.* volver a imprimir = reprint.* volver a incluir = reinstate.* volver a indizar = re-index [reindex].* volver a inscribir = reregister.* volver a insertar = reinsert.* volver a insertar en el ordenador = rekey [re-key].* volver a intentar = retry [re-try].* volver a interpretar = reinterpret [re-interpret].* volver a introducir = re-enter [reenter], reintroduce, reinsert.* volver a juzgar = retry [re-try].* volver a la etapa de planificación = return to + the drawing boards, back to the drawing board.* volver a la normalidad = get back to + normal, return to + normalcy, get (back) into + the swings of things.* volver a la popularidad = return to + favour.* volver a la seguridad de = burrow back into.* volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.* volver a leer = reread [re-read].* volver a levantar el sistema = restart.* volver Algo a su estado anterior = put + Nombre + back on track.* volver Algo del revés = turn + Nombre + inside-out.* volver Algo en Otra Cosa = turn + Nombre + into.* volver al pasado = turn + the clock back.* volver al principio = come + full circle, bring + Pronombre + full-circle.* volver al punto de partida = come + full circle, bring + Pronombre + full-circle, go back to + square one, be back to square one.* volver al redil = return to + the fold.* volver a manejar = rehandle.* volver a mezclar = remix.* volver a montar = reassemble [re-assemble].* volver a mostrar = redisplay.* volver a nacer = have + a lucky escape, have + a narrow escape.* volver a nombrar = rename.* volver a ordenar = resort.* volver a oxidar = reoxidise [reoxidize, -USA].* volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].* volver a pintar = repaint [re-paint].* volver a planificar = reschedule.* volver a plantearse = reconceive of.* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* volver a por sus fueros = be back on track, be on track, bite back.* volver a preguntar = check back.* volver a presentar = resubmit [re-submit].* volver a prestar atención = refocus + attention.* volver a procesar = reprocess.* volver a programar = reschedule.* volver a promover un producto = rehyping.* volver a publicar = reissue [re-issue].* volver a recibir financiación = re-fund.* volver a representar = remap.* volver a reunir = reassemble [re-assemble].* volver a salir = come back out.* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.* volver a ser condenado = reconviction.* volver a ser lo que era = be back on track, be on track.* volver a subvencionar = re-fund.* volver a su camino = get back on + track, get back on + Posesivo + path.* volver a tomar = regain, retake.* volver a traducir = remap.* volver a traer = restore.* volver atrás = turn + the clock back, go + backwards.* volver a tratar = revisit.* volver a unir = reunite [re-unite].* volver a untar grasa al cojinete = repack + bearing.* volver a usar = reuse [re-use].* volver a utilizar = recapture, reutilise [reutilize, -USA].* volver a vivir = relive.* volver corriendo = scurry back.* volver de nuevo = come back out.* volver el reloj atrás = turn + the clock back.* volver en + Expresión Temporal = be back in + Expresión Temporal.* volver en sí = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* volver hacia atrás = backtrack [back-track].* volver la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* volver la espalda = give + Nombre + the cold shoulder, turn + a cold shoulder to, cold-shoulder.* volver la espalda a = turn + Posesivo + back on.* volver la página = turn over + page.* volver las tornas = turn + the tables (on).* volver la vista atrás = look back.* volverlo a hacer = go and do it again.* volver loco = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend, piss + Nombre + off.* volver loco a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops, push + Alguien + over the edge.* volver loco, exasperar, sacar de quicio, cabrear, encabronar, dar por culo, = piss + Nombre + off.* volver pronto = haste back.* volverse = become, turn into, swing around, turn (a)round.* volverse + Adjetivo = grow + Adjetivo.* volverse a reunir = reconvene.* volverse a unir a = rejoin.* volverse chalado = go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse chiflado = go + potty, go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse ciego = become + blind.* volverse + Color = turn to + Color.* volverse cruel = become + vicious.* volverse en contra de = turn against.* volverse estúpido = go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse etéreo = etherealise [etherealize, -USA].* volverse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather.* volverse ilegible = become + unreadable.* volverse líquido = turn to + liquid.* volverse loco = go + bananas, take + leave of + Posesivo + senses, go + mad, run + amok, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, go + berserk, go + postal, go + wild, go + crazy, go + nuts, go + potty, get + a buzz from, go out of + Posesivo + mind, throw + a wobbly, go off + the rails, throw + a wobbler, go + haywire, go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse loco de alegría = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.* volverse loco por = sweep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + feet, go + gaga (over).* volverse majareta = go + potty, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go off + the rails, go off + Posesivo + rocker.* volverse marrón = turn + brown.* volverse obscuro = turn + dark.* volverse obsoleto = go out of + date, become + obsolete, go out of + fashion, obsolesce.* volverse obsoleto, pasar de moda, caducar = become + obsolete.* volverse oscuro = turn + dark.* volverse violento = turn + violent.* volver sobre = retrace.* volver sobre los pasos de Uno = double-back, retrace + Posesivo + steps, retrace + Posesivo + footsteps, go back on + Posesivo + steps.* volver tarde a casa = stay out + late.* * *viA (regresar — al lugar donde se está) to come back; (— a otro lugar) to go backno sé a qué hora volveré I don't know what time I'll be back¿no piensas volver allí algún día? don't you intend going back there some day?dos de los cazas no volvieron two of the fighters failed to returnvete y no vuelvas más get out and don't ever come backvolvió muy cambiada she came back o returned a different person¿cuándo piensas volver por aquí? when do you think you'll be o get o come back this way?ha vuelto con su familia she's gone back to her familyno sé cómo consiguió volver I don't know how he managed to get backvolver A algo:nunca volvió a Alemania she never went back to o returned to Germanyno había vuelto a su pueblo desde que era pequeño he hadn't been back to his home town since he was a childlogró volver al campamento she managed to get back to the camp¿cuándo vuelves al colegio? when do you go back to school?volver DE algo:¿cuándo volviste de las vacaciones? when did you get back from your vacation?¿sabes si ha vuelto de Roma? do you know if she's back from Rome?volvieron del lugar del accidente they returned o came back from the scene of the accidentsiempre vuelve cansado del trabajo he's always tired when he gets o comes home from workveo que no han entendido, volvamos atrás I can see you haven't understood, let's go back over it againB1 (a una situación, una actividad) volver A algo to return TO sthel país ha vuelto a la normalidad the country is back to o has returned to normalestá pensando en volver al mundo del espectáculo she's thinking of returning to o making a comeback in show business2 (a un tema) volver A algo:volviendo a lo que hablábamos… to go back to what we were talking about…ya volvemos a lo de siempre so we're back to the same old problemsiempre vuelve al mismo tema he always comes back to the same subjectC1 (repetirse) «momento» to returnaquellos días felices que no volverán those happy days that will never return2 «calma/paz» to return volver A algo:la paz ha vuelto a la zona peace has returned to the area, the area is peaceful againla normalidad ha vuelto a la fábrica the situation at the factory is back to normalDvolver en sí to come to o roundtrataban de hacerlo volver en sí they were trying to bring him round■volver A + INF:no volverá a ocurrir it won't happen againno hemos vuelto a verlo we haven't seen him sinceno volvió a probar el alcohol she never drank alcohol againme volvió a llenar el vaso she refilled my glasslo tuve que volver a llevar al taller I had to take it back to the workshop■ volvervt1 ‹colchón/tortilla/filete› to turn, turn over; ‹tierra› to turn o dig over2 ‹calcetín/chaqueta› to turn … inside out; ‹cuello› to turnvuelve la manga, que la tienes del revés pull the sleeve out, you've got it inside out3volver la página or hoja to turn the page, turn over4 ‹cabeza/ojos›volvió la cabeza para ver quién la seguía she turned her head o she looked around to see who was following hervolvió los ojos/la mirada hacia mí he turned his eyes/his gaze toward(s) mevolver la mirada hacia el pasado to look back to the past5 ‹esquina› to turnestá ahí, nada más volver la esquina it's up there, just around the cornerB (convertir en, poner) to makela ha vuelto muy egoísta it has made her very selfishla televisión los está volviendo tontos television is turning them into moronslo vuelve de otro color it turns it a different colorC( Méx): volver el estómago to be sick■ volverseA (darse la vuelta, girar) to turn, turn aroundse volvió para ver quién la llamaba she turned (around) to see who was calling herse volvió hacia él she turned to face himno te vuelvas, que nos siguen don't look back, we're being followedse volvió de espaldas he turned his back on me/her/themvolverse boca arriba/abajo to turn over onto one's back/stomachvolverse atrás to back outvolverse contra algn to turn against sbB(convertirse en, ponerse): últimamente se ha vuelto muy antipática she's become very unpleasant recentlyel partido se ha vuelto más radical the party has grown o become more radicalsu mirada se volvió triste his expression saddened o grew sadse está volviendo muy quisquillosa she's getting very fussyse vuelve agrio it turns o goes sourse volvió loca she went mad* * *
volver ( conjugate volver) verbo intransitivo
1 ( regresar — al lugar donde se está) to come back;
(— a otro lugar) to go back;
¿cómo vas a volver? how are you getting back?;
ha vuelto con su familia she's gone back to her family;
volver a algo ‹ a un lugar› to go back to sth;
‹a una situación/actividad› to return to sth;
quiere volver al mundo del espectáculo he wants to return to show business;
volviendo a lo que decía … to get o go back to what I was saying …;
¿cuándo volviste de las vacaciones? when did you get back from your vacation?;
ha vuelto de París she's back from Paris
2 [calma/paz] to return;
volver a algo to return to sth
3◊ volver en sí to come to o round
volver v aux:◊ volver a empezar to start again o (AmE) over;
no volverá a ocurrir it won't happen again;
lo tuve que volver a llevar al taller I had to take it back to the workshop
verbo transitivo
1 ( dar la vuelta)
‹ tierra› to turn o dig over;
‹calcetín/chaqueta› ( poner — del revés) to turn … inside out;
(— del derecho) to turn … the right way round;
‹ cuello› to turn;
2 (convertir en, poner):
me está volviendo loca it's/he's/she's driving me mad
3 (Méx)
volverse verbo pronominal
1 ( girar) to turn (around);
no te vuelvas, que nos están siguiendo don't look back, we're being followed;
se volvió de espaldas he turned his back on me (o her etc);
volverse boca arriba/abajo to turn over onto one's back/stomach
2 (convertirse en, ponerse):
se vuelve agrio it turns o goes sour;
se volvió loca she went mad
volver
I verbo intransitivo
1 (retornar, regresar: hacia el hablante) to return, come back: volveremos mañana, we'll come back tomorrow
(: a otro sitio) to return, go back: volvió a su casa, she went back to her home
2 (: una acción, situación, etc) volveremos sobre ese asunto esta tarde, we'll come back to that subject this afternoon
(expresando repetición) lo volvió a hacer, he did it again
volver a empezar, to start again o US over
II verbo transitivo
1 (dar la vuelta: a una tortilla, etc) to turn over
(a un calcetín, etc) to turn inside out
(a la esquina, la página) to turn
(la mirada, etc) to turn 2 volverle la espalda a alguien, to turn one's back on sb
♦ Locuciones: familiar figurado (superar un gran peligro) volver a nacer: sobrevivió al naufragio, ha vuelto a nacer, he survived the shipwreck miraculously
volver en sí, to come round
volver la vista atrás, (mirar al pasado) to look back
volver a alguien loco: me está volviendo loco, she's driving me mad o crazy
' volver' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ambages
- andadas
- carga
- clara
- claro
- emocionante
- enajenar
- entenderse
- escopetazo
- espalda
- estragos
- garantizar
- grupa
- hervir
- idea
- imperiosa
- imperioso
- indisponer
- loca
- loco
- mentalizarse
- mico
- normalizar
- placer
- recalentar
- rellenar
- repasar
- repetir
- resentirse
- retroceder
- soler
- soñar
- tornar
- trastornar
- venir
- vista
- arreglar
- cuidar
- empezar
- endurecer
- gana
- hacer
- poder
- rehacer
- tal
- vuelto
- vuelva
English:
again
- ask back
- before
- call back
- circle
- clock
- come back
- come round
- come to
- despair
- double back
- drive
- get back
- go back
- go back to
- insane
- lapse
- live through
- look round
- mad
- make
- mind
- move back
- nuts
- paint over
- put back
- rake up
- re-enter
- re-erect
- reapply
- reappoint
- reassemble
- reassess
- reconvene
- reimpose
- rekindle
- remarry
- render
- reoccupy
- reopen
- repeat
- replace
- replay
- replenish
- reread
- rerun
- reschedule
- resit
- restock
- resume
* * *♦ vt1. [dar la vuelta a] to turn round;[lo de arriba abajo] to turn over; [lo de dentro fuera] to turn inside out;vuelve la tele hacia aquí, que la veamos turn the TV round this way so we can see it;ayúdame a volver el colchón help me turn the mattress over;al volver la esquina when we turned the corner2. [cabeza, ojos, mirada] to turn;vuelve la espalda turn your back to me3. [convertir en]eso lo volvió un delincuente that made him a criminal, that turned him into a criminal;la lejía volvió blanca la camisa the bleach turned the shirt white♦ vi1. [persona] [ir de vuelta] to go back, to return;[venir de vuelta] to come back, to return;yo allí/aquí no vuelvo I'm not going back there/coming back here;vuelve, no te vayas come back, don't go;¿cuándo has vuelto? when did you get back?;al volver pasé por el supermercado I stopped off at the supermarket on the o my way back;no vuelvas tarde don't be late (back);ya he vuelto a casa I'm back home;volver atrás to go back;cuando vuelva del trabajo when I get back from work;aún no ha vuelto del trabajo she isn't back o hasn't got back from work yet;ha vuelto muy morena de la playa she's come back from the seaside with a nice tan2. [mal tiempo, alegría, tranquilidad] to return;cuando vuelva el verano when it's summer again;todo volvió a la normalidad everything went back o returned to normal;vuelve la minifalda miniskirts are backvolver al trabajo/al colegio to go back to work/school;volviendo al tema que nos ocupa… to go back to the matter we are discussing…;vuelve a leerlo read it again;tras el verano volvió a dar clases en la universidad once the summer was over she started teaching at the university again;vuelve a ponerlo en su sitio put it back;vuelve a dormirte go back to sleep;volver con alguien [reanudar relación] to go back to sb;volver a nacer to be reborn4.volver en sí to come to, to regain consciousness* * *<part vuelto>I v/thacia toward); tortilla, filete turn (over); vestido turn inside outXXX; boca abajo turn upside down2:volver loco drive crazy;el humo volvío negra la pared the smoke turned the wall black, the smoke made the wall go blackII v/i1 return, go/come back;volver a casa go/come back home;¿cuándo vuelven? when do they get back?;volver sobre algo return to sth, go back to sth;volver a la normalidad return to normality2:volver en sí come to, come around3:volver a hacer algo do sth again;volver a fumar start smoking again* * *volver {89} vi1) : to return, to come or go backvolver a casa: to return home2) : to revertvolver al tema: to get back to the subject3)volver a : to do againvolvieron a llamar: they called again4)volver en sí : to come to, to regain consciousnessvolver vt1) : to turn, to turn over, to turn inside out2) : to return, to repay, to restore3) : to cause, to makela volvía loca: it was driving her crazy* * *volver vb2. (repetir)... again¿puedes volver a decirlo? can you say that again?3. (dar la vuelta a) to turn over / to turn -
76 infilare
fili, corde, ago thread( inserire) insert, put in( indossare) put onstrada takeinfilare le mani in tasca put one's hands in one's pocketsinfilare la porta uscendo/entrando slip out/in* * *infilare v.tr.1 to thread; to string*: infilare un ago, to thread a needle; infilare perle, to string beads2 (infilzare) to pierce (through), to transfix; to run* through: infilare un pollo sullo spiedo, to put a chicken on the spit; infilare qlcu. con la spada, to run s.o. through with a sword3 (introdurre) to insert; to slip in, infilare una chiave nella toppa, to insert a key in the lock; infilare una mano in tasca, to slip one's hand into one's pocket; infilare l'anello nel dito, to slip a ring on one's finger4 (passare per) to enter; to take*: infilare una strada, to turn down a street; infilare l'uscio, (per entrare) to slip in; (per uscire) to slip out5 (indossare) to slip on, to put* on: infilare la giacca, le scarpe, to slip on one's jacket, one's shoes6 (azzeccare) to get* right: infilare una risposta, to get an answer right; non infilarne una, to get everything wrong; infilare uno sbaglio dopo l'altro, to make a string of mistakes; abbiamo infilato dieci giorni di pioggia, we had ten days' rain in a row7 (mil.) to enfilade.◘ infilarsi v.rifl.1 to thread one's way: mi infilai attraverso la folla, I threaded my way through the crowd; si è infilato nella galleria a tutta velocità, he shot into the tunnel at top speed2 (introdursi) to slip: infilare nel letto, to slip (o fam. to pop) into bed // come sei riuscito a infilarti nella lista degli invitati?, how did you manage to get yourself on the list of guests?* * *[infi'lare]1. vt1) (introdurre: moneta, chiave) to insertinfilò le mani in tasca — he put o slipped his hands into his pockets
le infilò un anello al dito — he put o slipped a ring on her finger
riesci ad infilarci ancora qualcosa? — (in borsa, valigia) can you squeeze anything else in?
2) (ago, perle) to thread3) (indossare: vestito) to slip o put on4) (imboccare: strada) to turn into, take5)infilare uno sbaglio dopo l'altro — to make one mistake after the otherinfilare sette vittorie consecutive — to win seven matches o times on the trot
2. vr (infilarsi)il gatto si è infilato lì sotto e non riesco a prenderlo — the cat slipped under there and I can't get at it
* * *[infi'lare] 1.verbo transitivo1) (con un filo) to thread [ ago]; to thread, to string* [ perle]2) (inserire) to insert; (mettere) to put*; (senza sforzo) to slip, to slide*; (con difficoltà) to squeeze, to stuff3) (imboccare) to take* [ sentiero]4) colloq. (imbroccare)non ne infila una giusta — he never gets it right, he's always wide of the mark
5) (dire, fare di seguito)6) (indossare) to put* on [ indumento]; to roll on [ calze]; (velocemente) to slip on [ guanti]2.infilare un anello al dito di qcn. — to put o slip a ring on sb.'s finger
verbo pronominale infilarsi1) (indossare) to put* on [ indumento]; to roll on [ calze]; (velocemente) to slip into [ vestito]2) (mettersi)4) (intrufolarsi) to sneak, to slip (in into)* * *infilare/infi'lare/ [1]2 (inserire) to insert; (mettere) to put*; (senza sforzo) to slip, to slide*; (con difficoltà) to squeeze, to stuff; infilare la chiave nella toppa to insert the key into the lock; infilare una lettera in una busta to slide a letter into an envelope4 colloq. (imbroccare) non ne infila una giusta he never gets it right, he's always wide of the mark5 (dire, fare di seguito) infilare un sacco di bugie to tell one lie after another; infilare un errore dietro l'altro to make a string of mistakes6 (indossare) to put* on [ indumento]; to roll on [ calze]; (velocemente) to slip on [ guanti]; infilare un anello al dito di qcn. to put o slip a ring on sb.'s fingerII infilarsi verbo pronominale2 (mettersi) - rsi le mani in tasca to stuff one's hands in one's pockets; infilati la camicia nei pantaloni tuck your shirt in(to) your trousers3 (mettersi dentro) - rsi nel letto to slip into bed; - rsi sotto le coperte to smuggle under the covers4 (intrufolarsi) to sneak, to slip (in into); - rsi tra la folla to thread one's way through the crowd; il gatto si è infilato sotto la macchina the cat crept under the car. -
77 ziehen
das Ziehenhaul; traction; drawing; pull* * *Zie|hennt -s, no pl(= Schmerz) ache; (im Unterleib) abdominal pain* * *1) (to pull along, out or towards oneself: She drew the child towards her; He drew a gun suddenly and fired; All water had to be drawn from a well; The cart was drawn by a pony.) draw2) extract3) ((an) act of extracting eg a tooth.) extraction4) (to pull with great effort or difficulty: Horses are used to haul barges along canals.) haul5) (to draw (a straight line): He ruled a line across the page.) rule6) (to (try to) move something especially towards oneself usually by using force: He pulled the chair towards the fire; She pulled at the door but couldn't open it; He kept pulling the girls' hair for fun; Help me to pull my boots off; This railway engine can pull twelve carriages.) pull7) ((with at or on) in eg smoking, to suck at: He pulled at his cigarette.) pull8) (to move to a new house etc: He has removed to London.) remove9) (to make (a tree, plant etc) grow in a particular direction.) train10) (to go, move, walk etc (about, in or on) from place to place with no definite destination in mind: I'd like to spend a holiday wandering through France; The mother wandered the streets looking for her child.) wander* * *Zie·hen<-s>[ˈtsi:ən]nt kein pl ache* * *1.unregelmäßiges transitives Verb1) pull; (sanfter) draw; (zerren) tug; (schleppen) dragPerlen auf eine Schnur ziehen — thread pearls/beads on to a string
ziehen und ablegen — (DV) drag and drop
2) (fig.)es zog ihn zu ihr/zu dem Ort — he felt drawn to her/to the place
alle Blicke auf sich ziehen — attract or capture all the attention
jemandes Zorn/Unwillen usw. auf sich ziehen — incur somebody's anger/displeasure etc.
etwas nach sich ziehen — result in something; entail something
3) (herausziehen) pull out <nail, cork, organ-stop, etc.>; extract < tooth>; take out, remove <stitches, splinter>; draw <cord, sword, pistol>den Hut ziehen — raise or doff one's hat
Zigaretten/Süßigkeiten usw. ziehen — (ugs.): (aus Automaten) get cigarettes/sweets etc. from a slot machine
die [Quadrat]wurzel ziehen — (Math.) extract the square root
5) (Gesichtspartien bewegen) make <face, grimace>die Stirn in Falten ziehen — wrinkle or knit one's brow; (missmutig) frown
6) (bei Brettspielen) move <chessman etc.>7)er zog den Rauch in die Lungen — he inhaled the smoke [into his lungs]
8) (zeichnen) draw <line, circle, arc, etc.>9) (anlegen) dig < trench>; build < wall>; erect < fence>; put up < washing-line>; run, lay <cable, wires>; draw < frontier>; trace < loop>; follow < course>sich (Dat.) einen Scheitel ziehen — make a parting [in one's hair]
11) (verblasst; auch als Funktionsverb) draw <lesson, conclusion, comparison>; s. auch Konsequenz 1); Rechenschaft; Verantwortung 1)2.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb1) (reißen) pullan etwas (Dat.) ziehen — pull on something
an einem od. am selben Strang ziehen — (fig.) be pulling in the same direction
3) mit sein (umziehen) move (nach, in + Akk. to)4) mit sein (gehen) go; (marschieren) march; (umherstreifen) roam; rove; (fortgehen) go away; leave; <fog, clouds> driftin den Krieg ziehen — go or march off to war
5) (saugen) drawan einer Zigarette/Pfeife ziehen — draw on a cigarette/pipe
6) <tea, coffee> draw7) (Kochk.) simmer8) unperses zieht [vom Fenster her] — there's a draught [from the window]
das zieht bei mir nicht — that won't wash or won't cut any ice with me (fig. coll.)
10) (schmerzen)es zieht [mir] im Rücken — I've got backache
3.ein leichtes/starkes Ziehen im Bauch — a slight/intense stomach ache
2)der Weg o. ä. zieht sich — (ugs.) the journey etc. goes on and on
* * *ziehen; zieht, zog, gezogenA. v/t (hat)1. (Pflug, Wagen etc) draw, pull; (Spülung) pull; (Handbremse) put on, pull up; (schleppen) drag; (schwere Lasten) haul; (zerren) tug;lass dich nicht so ziehen zu Kind: stop pulling (and keep up)!;ein Boot ans Ufer ziehen pull a boat ashore;jemanden am Ärmel ziehen tug at sb’s sleeve;jemanden an den Haaren/Ohren ziehen pull sb’s hair/ears;jemanden an sich (akk)ziehen draw sb to one;aus dem Wasser ziehen (Boot) pull ( oder haul) out of the water; (Ertrinkenden) auch pull from the water;kurz durchs Wasser ziehen give sth a quick rinse;jemanden mit sich ziehen pull sb along (with one);einen Ring vom Finger ziehen take a ring off, slip a ring from one’s finger;einen Pullover über die Bluse ziehen put a jumper (US sweater) on over the blouse;jemandem ein Brett über den Kopf ziehen (damit schlagen) hit sb on the head with a board;die Gardinen vors Fenster ziehen draw the curtains (across the window);jemanden zur Seite ziehen take sb aside2. (Zahn) pull out, extract; (Korken, Messer, Revolver etc) draw, pull out; (Möhren) pull up; (den Hut) take off; (Los, Gewinn) draw; (Karte) take; (auswählen) pick;die Fäden ziehen MED take out the stitches;Zigaretten (aus dem Automaten) ziehen get some cigarettes out of the machine3. (Linie) draw; (Kreis) auch describe; (Mauer) build, erect; (Graben) dig; (Wäscheleine) put up; (Leitungen) put sth in;einen Scheitel ziehen make a parting (US part);4. (dehnen) stretch;etwas lässt sich ziehen sth stretches, sth gives;die Suppe zieht Fäden the soup’s gone stringyeine Niete ziehen draw a blank7. (Kerzen) draw;Perlen auf eine Schnur ziehen thread beads;ziehen string a violin etc;Wein auf Flaschen ziehen bottle wine;ein Bild auf Karton ziehen print a picture on a card8. fig:auf sich (akk)jemanden auf seine Seite ziehen win sb over to one’s side;jemanden ins Gespräch/Vertrauen ziehen draw sb into ( oder include sb in) the conversation/take sb into one’s confidence;etwas ins Lächerliche ziehen ridicule sth, hold sth up to ridicule;nach sich ziehen zur Folge haben: have as a consequence, result in; notwendigerweise: entail, involve; verursachen: bring about, cause; als Nebeneffekt: bring with it ( oder in its wake);es zieht mich dorthin/zu ihr I feel drawn there/to her;es zieht mich nichts in diese Gesellschaft I don’t feel drawn to these people in any way; → Bilanz 2, Ferne 1, Länge 1, Schluss 5, zurate etcdie Kinder sind gut gezogen (erzogen) the children are well brought up;den werd ich mir schon noch ziehen I’ll teach him some mannersB. v/i1. (hat) pull (der Wagen zieht schlecht the car’s not pulling properly;er zieht schnell Cowboy etc: he’s quick on the draw;zieh! in Western: draw!;an der Glocke ziehen pull ( oder ring) the bell;2. (ist) (wandern, reisen) wander, rove; Tiere, Vögel: migrate; Vögel: auch fly; (weggehen) go (away), leave;ziehen nach/in (+akk) (umziehen) move to/into;aufs Land ziehen move to the country;zu jemandem ziehen go to live with sb, move in with sb;durch die Welt ziehen see (liter roam) the world;in den Krieg ziehen go to war;jemanden ziehen lassen let sb go;jemanden ungern ziehen lassen be sorry to see sb go3. (ist) Rauch, Wolken etc: drift;die Wolken ziehen the clouds drift ( schnell: scud) across the sky;das Gewitter ist nach Westen gezogen the storm has moved (away) westward4. (hat) Schach etc: (make a) move;mit dem König ziehen move the ( oder one’s) king;wer zieht? whose move is it?5. (hat) Ofen, Pfeife etc: draw;der Ofen zieht nicht the stove isn’t drawing;6. (hat) unpers:hier zieht’s there’s a draught (US draft);mir zieht’s am Rücken I can feel a draught (US draft) on my backden Tee etcziehen lassen let the tea etc stand8. umg:einen ziehen lassen let (one) off9. (hat) (schmerzen) twinge, ache;ziehender Schmerz twinge, ache; unpers:es zieht mir im Rücken I can feel a twinge in my back;ein leichtes Ziehen im Rücken haben have a slight pain ( oder ache) in one’s back, have a touch of (US a slight) backachedieses Stück zieht nicht the play isn’t getting very good houses ( oder audiences), the play isn’t pulling in the crowds ( oder isn’t exactly pulling them in umg);diese Ausrede zieht bei mir nicht that excuse won’t wash with me, try another one;Schmeichelei/das zieht bei mir nicht flattery/that will get you nowhere, flattery/that doesn’t work with meC. v/r (hat)1.sich an einem Seil in die Höhe ziehen pull o.s. up on a rope2. (sich dehnen) stretch, give; Käse: go stringy, form strings; Klebstoff: get tacky; umg, fig, Verhandlungen etc: drag on; Weg: go on and on;das zieht sich umg (dauert lange) it’s going on a bit4.sich ziehen über (+akk) Narbe: go right across;sich ziehen um Mauer, Wall: go right (a-)round, enclose;* * *1.unregelmäßiges transitives Verb1) pull; (sanfter) draw; (zerren) tug; (schleppen) dragPerlen auf eine Schnur ziehen — thread pearls/beads on to a string
ziehen und ablegen — (DV) drag and drop
2) (fig.)es zog ihn zu ihr/zu dem Ort — he felt drawn to her/to the place
alle Blicke auf sich ziehen — attract or capture all the attention
jemandes Zorn/Unwillen usw. auf sich ziehen — incur somebody's anger/displeasure etc.
etwas nach sich ziehen — result in something; entail something
3) (herausziehen) pull out <nail, cork, organ-stop, etc.>; extract < tooth>; take out, remove <stitches, splinter>; draw <cord, sword, pistol>den Hut ziehen — raise or doff one's hat
Zigaretten/Süßigkeiten usw. ziehen — (ugs.): (aus Automaten) get cigarettes/sweets etc. from a slot machine
die [Quadrat]wurzel ziehen — (Math.) extract the square root
5) (Gesichtspartien bewegen) make <face, grimace>die Stirn in Falten ziehen — wrinkle or knit one's brow; (missmutig) frown
6) (bei Brettspielen) move <chessman etc.>7)er zog den Rauch in die Lungen — he inhaled the smoke [into his lungs]
8) (zeichnen) draw <line, circle, arc, etc.>9) (anlegen) dig < trench>; build < wall>; erect < fence>; put up < washing-line>; run, lay <cable, wires>; draw < frontier>; trace < loop>; follow < course>sich (Dat.) einen Scheitel ziehen — make a parting [in one's hair]
11) (verblasst; auch als Funktionsverb) draw <lesson, conclusion, comparison>; s. auch Konsequenz 1); Rechenschaft; Verantwortung 1)2.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb1) (reißen) pullan etwas (Dat.) ziehen — pull on something
an einem od. am selben Strang ziehen — (fig.) be pulling in the same direction
3) mit sein (umziehen) move (nach, in + Akk. to)4) mit sein (gehen) go; (marschieren) march; (umherstreifen) roam; rove; (fortgehen) go away; leave; <fog, clouds> driftin den Krieg ziehen — go or march off to war
5) (saugen) drawan einer Zigarette/Pfeife ziehen — draw on a cigarette/pipe
6) <tea, coffee> draw7) (Kochk.) simmer8) unperses zieht [vom Fenster her] — there's a draught [from the window]
das zieht bei mir nicht — that won't wash or won't cut any ice with me (fig. coll.)
10) (schmerzen)es zieht [mir] im Rücken — I've got backache
3.ein leichtes/starkes Ziehen im Bauch — a slight/intense stomach ache
2)der Weg o. ä. zieht sich — (ugs.) the journey etc. goes on and on
* * *n.traction n. -
78 гоня
1. chase, give chase to, pursue, be in pur-suit of, run/be after(гледам да настигна) hurry to catch up with(дивеч-за куче) courseгоня по петите be upon s.o.'s heels. pursue closelyгоня дивеч chase/hunt gameгоня неприятеля pursue the enemyгоним се chase each other/one another2. (преследвам) persecute, hound(no политически причини) victimize(имам зъб на) be down on, have a down onгоня до дупка run to earthпрен. get o.'s knife into, hound to death3. (стремя се към) seek/strain after, strive for, be out forгоня печалби be out for profitгоня слава/богатство seek/hunt after glory, fame/fortuneгоня цел aim at a goal, pursue a goalгоня лични цели seek private endsгоня разни цели have several aims in viewгоня конете urge on the horsesгоня път pursue o.'s journeyгоня слънцето seek the sunвлакът гони Пловдив the train is making for Plovdivгоня седемдесетте be getting on for/be nearing/be hard on seventyгоня вятъра/Михаля be on a fool's errand, go on a wild-goose chase, beat the air, chase a will-o'-the-wisp, plough the sands, lash the wavesгонят се (за ветрове) dance* * *го̀ня,гл., мин. св. деят. прич. го̀нил 1. chase, give chase to, pursue, be in pursuit of, run/be after; ( гледам да настигна) hurry to catch up with; ( дивеч — за куче) course; гоним се chase each other/one another; \гоня дивеч chase/hunt game; \гоня неприятеля pursue the enemy; \гоня по петите be upon s.o.’s heels, pursue closely;2. ( преследвам) persecute, hound; (по полит. причини) victimize; ( имам зъб на) be down on, have a down on; \гоня до дупка run to earth; прен. get o.’s knife into, hound to death;3. ( стремя се към) seek/strain after, strive for, be out for; \гоня лични цели seek private ends; \гоня печалби be out for profit; \гоня разни цели have several aims in view; \гоня слава/богатство seek/hunt after glory, fame/fortune; \гоня цел aim at a goal, pursue a goal; • влакът гони Пловдив the train is making for Plovdiv; \гоня вятъра/Михаля be on a fool’s errand, go on a wild-goose chase, beat the air, chase a will-o’-the-wisp, plough the sands, lash the waves; \гоня конете urge on the horses; \гоня път pursue o.’s journey; \гоня седемдесетте be getting on for/be nearing/be hard on seventy; \гоня слънцето seek the sun; гонят се (за ветрове) dance; (за животни в период на чифтосване) rut.* * *chase: гоня game - гоня дивеч; feeze; follow; make after; push (длъжник){pXS}; victimize* * *1. (no политически причини) victimize 2. (гледам да настигна) hurry to catch up with 3. (дивеч - за куче) course 4. (за животни в раз-гонен период) rut 5. (имам зъб на) be down on, have a down on 6. (преследвам) persecute, hound 7. (стремя се към) seek/strain after, strive for, be out for 8. chase, give chase to, pursue, be in pur-suit of, run/be after 9. ГОНЯ вятъра/ Михаля be on a fool's errand, go on a wild-goose chase, beat the air, chase a will-o'-the-wisp, plough the sands, lash the waves 10. ГОНЯ дивеч chase/hunt game 11. ГОНЯ до дупка run to earth 12. ГОНЯ конете urge on the horses 13. ГОНЯ лични цели seek private ends 14. ГОНЯ неприятеля pursue the enemy 15. ГОНЯ печалби be out for profit 16. ГОНЯ по петите be upon s.o.'s heels. pursue closely 17. ГОНЯ път pursue o.'s journey 18. ГОНЯ разни цели have several aims in view 19. ГОНЯ седемдесетте be getting on for/ be nearing/be hard on seventy 20. ГОНЯ слава/богатство seek/hunt after glory, fame/fortune 21. ГОНЯ слънцето seek the sun 22. ГОНЯ цел aim at a goal, pursue a goal 23. влакът гони Пловдив the train is making for Plovdiv 24. гоним се chase each other/one another 25. гонят се (за ветрове) dance 26. прен. get o.'s knife into, hound to death -
79 arrancar
v.1 to uproot (sacar de su sitio) (árbol).2 to start (poner en marcha) (coche, máquina).El carro no arranca The car won't start.3 to set off.4 to pull out, to break off, to break away, to pluck.Juana arrancó las hierbas Johanna pulled out the weeds.5 to start up, to boot up, to boot, to get started.Ricardo arrancó el auto sin problemas Richard started the car up without trouble6 to begin, to start.Arrancamos el año con optimismo We began the year with optimism.7 to blow off.El huracán arrancó las plantas The hurricane blew off the plants.8 to avulse, to pull off forcibly.* * *3 (arrebatar) to snatch, grab4 (obtener - aplausos, sonrisa) to get; (- confesión, información) to extract5 (rescatar) to rescue, save6 (coche) to start1 (partir) to begin, start2 (salir) to go, leave4 figurado (provenir) to stem (de, from)\arrancar a correr to break into a run* * *verb1) to pull out, tear out2) pluck3) snatch4) start* * *1. VT1) (=sacar de raíz)a) [+ planta, pelo] to pull up; [+ clavo, diente] to pull out; [+ pluma] to pluck; [+ ojos] to gouge out; [+ botón, esparadrapo, etiqueta] to pull off, tear off; [+ página] to tear out, rip out; [+ cartel] to pull down, tear downazulejos arrancados de las paredes de una iglesia — tiles that have been pulled off the walls of a church
b) [explosión, viento] to blow offcuajo, raízc) (Med) [+ flema] to bring up2) (=arrebatar) to snatch (a, de from)[con violencia] to wrench (a, de from)no podían arrancarle el cuchillo — they were unable to get the knife off him, they were unable to wrest o wrench the knife from him
el viento me lo arrancó de las manos — the wind blew it out of my hands, the wind snatched it from my hands más frm
3) (=provocar) [+ aplausos] to draw; [+ risas] to provoke, causeel beso arrancó algunos suspiros entre el público — when they kissed part of the audience let out a sigh
•
arrancar las lágrimas a algn — to bring tears to sb's eyes4) (=separar)•
arrancar a algn de — [+ lugar] to drag sb away from; [+ éxtasis, trance] to drag sb out of; [+ vicio] to wean sb off a bad habit5) (=obtener) [+ apoyo] to gain, win; [+ victoria] to snatch; [+ confesión, promesa] to extract; [+ sonido, nota] to produce•
arrancar información a algn — to extract information from sb, get information out of sb6) (Aut) [+ vehículo, motor] to start7) (Inform) [+ ordenador] to boot, boot up, start uptengo problemas para arrancar el ordenador — I have problems starting up o booting the computer
2. VI1) [vehículo, motor] to startel coche no arranca — the car won't start o isn't starting
2) (=moverse) to get going, get moving¡venga, arranca! — * come on, get going o get moving!, come on, get a move on! *
3) (=comenzar) to start¿desde dónde arranca el camino? — where does the road start?
•
arrancar a hacer algo — to start doing sth, start to do stharrancó a hablar a los dos años — she started talking o to talk when she was two
arrancó a cantar/llorar — he broke o burst into song/tears
•
arrancar de — to go back to, date back toesta celebración arranca del siglo XV — this celebration dates o goes back to the 15th century
4) (Náut) to set sail5) (Arquit) [arco] to spring (de from)6) Chile* (=escapar)3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) < hoja de papel> to tear out; < etiqueta> to tear o rip off; < botón> to tear o pull off; < planta> to pull up; < flor> to pick; <diente/pelo> to pull out; < esparadrapo> to pull offhubo un forcejeo y le arrancó la pistola — there was a struggle and he wrenched the pistol away from her
2) <confesión/declaración> to extract3) <motor/coche> to start2.arrancar vi1)a) motor/vehículo to startb) (moverse, decidirse) (fam) to get goingc) ( empezar)arrancar a + inf — to start to + inf, to start -ing
2) (provenir, proceder)a) costumbre to originateb) carretera to start3) (Chi fam) ( huir) to run off o away3.arrancar de algo/alguien — to get away from something/somebody
arrancarse v pron1) (refl) <pelo/diente> to pull out; <piel/botón> to pull off2) (Taur) to charge3) (Chi fam) ( huir) to run awayarrancarse de algo/alguien — to run away from something/somebody
* * *1.verbo transitivo1) < hoja de papel> to tear out; < etiqueta> to tear o rip off; < botón> to tear o pull off; < planta> to pull up; < flor> to pick; <diente/pelo> to pull out; < esparadrapo> to pull offhubo un forcejeo y le arrancó la pistola — there was a struggle and he wrenched the pistol away from her
2) <confesión/declaración> to extract3) <motor/coche> to start2.arrancar vi1)a) motor/vehículo to startb) (moverse, decidirse) (fam) to get goingc) ( empezar)arrancar a + inf — to start to + inf, to start -ing
2) (provenir, proceder)a) costumbre to originateb) carretera to start3) (Chi fam) ( huir) to run off o away3.arrancar de algo/alguien — to get away from something/somebody
arrancarse v pron1) (refl) <pelo/diente> to pull out; <piel/botón> to pull off2) (Taur) to charge3) (Chi fam) ( huir) to run awayarrancarse de algo/alguien — to run away from something/somebody
* * *arrancar11 = rip off, wrench, pluck up, rip + open, pluck out, strip off, winkle out, pull up, rip.Ex: Within the social sciences psychology journals are the most ripped off.
Ex: The first thing that's worrying me is that things are getting wrenched out of context.Ex: The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.Ex: The tidal wave ripped open the steel security shutters of the shops.Ex: According to a myth about the phases of the moon, the wicked god Seth plucked out the eye of Horus and tore it to bits.Ex: They gathered a whole sackful, stripped off the husks, and filled the sack again.Ex: Small business operators can be easy prey for scamsters trying to winkle out money for unsolicited - and unneeded - 'services'.Ex: Hundreds of pounds worth of damage was caused when youths pulled up and smashed two floodlights and kicked roof tiles from the chapel of rest.Ex: He punched her in the head and forced her to another room where he pinned her to the floor and ripped her shirt trying to remove it.* abrir arrancando = rip + open.* arrancar a la fuerza = prise + Nombre + away.* arrancar con los dientes = bite off.* arrancar de = wretch from.* arrancar de un mordisco = bite off.* arrancar el cuero cabelludo a Alguien = scalp.* arrancar haciendo palanca = pry.* arrancar la cabellera a Alguien = scalp.* arrancar + Nombre + de = wring + Nombre + out of/from.* arrancarse el pelo a manojos = tear + Posesivo + hair out.* arrancar una página = tear out + page.arrancar22 = boot, boot up, crank up.Ex: In computer science to boot means to start up a computer system.
Ex: Since then, the computer has started to make a whirring noise everytime it is booted up.Ex: As the sun begins to move toward the horizon, you want to crank up the engine again and head back home.* al arrancar = at startup.* arrancar con cables = jump-start [jump start].* arrancar + Sistema Operativo = start + Sistema Operativo.* * *arrancar [A2 ]vtA ‹hoja de papel/página› to tear out; ‹etiqueta› to tear o rip off; ‹esparadrapo› to pull off; ‹botón› to tear o rip o pull off; ‹planta› to pull up; ‹flor› to pick; ‹diente› to pull outarrancó la planta de raíz she pulled the plant up by the roots, she uprooted the plantle arrancó un mechón de pelo he pulled out a clump of her hairno le arranques hojas al libro don't tear pages out of the bookarrancó la venda he tore off the bandageme arrancó la carta de las manos she snatched the letter out of my handshubo un forcejeo y le arrancó la pistola there was a struggle and he wrenched the pistol away from herle arrancó el bolso he snatched her bag, he grabbed her bag from hercuando se apoltrona no hay quien consiga arrancarlo de casa when he gets into one of his stay-at-home moods it's impossible to drag him outel teléfono lo arrancó de sus pensamientos the sound of the telephone brought him back to reality with a joltB ‹confesión/declaración› to extractconsiguieron arrancarle una confesión they managed to extract a confession from o get a confession out of herno hay quien le arranque una palabra de lo ocurrido no one can get a word out of him about what happenedpor fin consiguió arrancarle una sonrisa she finally managed to get a smile out of him■ arrancarviAel coche no arranca the car won't startel tren está a punto de arrancar the train is about to leave¡no arranques en segunda! don't try and move off o pull away in second gear!2 (moverse, decidirse) ( fam):no hay quien lo haga arrancar it's impossible to get him moving o to get him off his backside ( colloq)tarda horas en arrancar it takes him hours to get started o to get down to doing anything ( colloq)3 (empezar) arrancar A + INF to start to + INF, to start -INGarrancó a llorar he burst into tears, he started crying o to cryB (provenir, proceder)1 «problema/crisis/creencia»: arrancar DE algo; to stem FROM sthesta tradición arranca del siglo XIV this tradition dates from o back to the 14th centuryde allí arrancan todas sus desgracias that's where all his misfortunes stem from2 «carretera» to startla senda que arranca de or en este punto the path that starts from this point3 ( Const):el punto del cual arranca el arco the point from which the arch springs o stemsde la pared arrancaba un largo mostrador a long counter came out from o jutted out from the wallC ( Inf) to boot upvolver* a arrancar to rebootD «toro» to chargefueron los primeros en arrancar del país they were the first to get out of o skip the country ( colloq)A ( refl) ‹pelo/diente› to pull out; ‹piel› to pull off; ‹botón› to pull offB1 ( Taur) to charge2 ( Mús):arrancarse por sevillanas to break into dance o into a sevillana ; sevillanasCse les arrancó el prisionero the prisoner got away from them o ran away ( colloq)arrancarse DE algo/algn to run away FROM sth/sb* * *
arrancar ( conjugate arrancar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ hoja de papel› to tear out;
‹ etiqueta› to tear off;
‹botón/venda› to pull off;
‹ planta› to pull up;
‹ flor› to pick;
‹diente/pelo› to pull out;
2 ‹confesión/declaración› to extract
3 ‹motor/coche› to start
verbo intransitivo [motor/vehículo] to start
arrancarse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) ‹pelo/diente› to pull out;
‹piel/botón› to pull off
2 (Chi fam) ( huir) to run away
arrancar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una planta) to uproot, pull up
arrancar de raíz, to uproot
2 (una página) to tear out
(un diente) to pull out
3 fig (una confesión) to extract
4 (mover) no había manera de arrancar a Rodrigo de allí, it was impossible to pull Rodrigo away
5 Auto Téc to start
II verbo intransitivo
1 Auto Téc to start
2 (empezar) to begin: estábamos tan tranquilos y de repente arrancó a llorar, everything was quiet when he suddenly started crying
' arrancar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
arrebatar
- mala
- malo
- calentar
- cuajo
- raíz
English:
boot
- crank
- dig up
- extract
- get
- light
- pick off
- pluck
- pull away
- pull off
- pull up
- rip off
- root out
- root up
- scalp
- start
- start up
- tear
- tear away
- tear off
- tear out
- tear up
- wrench
- yank
- dig
- draw
- exact
- jump
- kick
- move
- pull
- push
- rip
- root
- strip
- up
* * *♦ vt1. [sacar de su sitio] [árbol] to uproot;[malas hierbas, flor] to pull up; [cable, página, pelo] to tear out; [cartel, cortinas] to tear down; [muela] to pull out, to extract; [ojos] to gouge out; [botón, etiqueta] to tear o rip off;arranqué el póster de la pared I tore the poster off the wall;arrancar la cabellera a alguien to scalp sb;[brazo, pierna] to tear right off; Figarrancar a alguien de un sitio to shift sb from somewhere;Figarrancar a alguien de las drogas/del alcohol to get sb off drugs/alcoholarrancar algo de las manos de alguien to snatch sth out of sb's hands;tenía el bolso muy bien agarrado y no se lo pudieron arrancar she was holding on very tight to her handbag and they couldn't get it off her;el vigilante consiguió arrancarle el arma al atracador the security guard managed to grab the robber's gun;el Barcelona consiguió arrancar un punto en su visita a Madrid Barcelona managed to take a point from their visit to Madrid;la oposición arrancó varias concesiones al gobierno the opposition managed to win several concessions from the government3. [poner en marcha] [coche, máquina] to start;Informát to start up, to boot (up) [sonrisa, dinero, ovación] to get sth out of sb; [suspiro, carcajada] to bring sth from sb;no consiguieron arrancarle ninguna declaración they failed to get a statement out of him♦ vi1. [partir] to leave;¡corre, que el autobús está arrancando! quick, the bus is about to leave;el Tour ha arrancado finalmente the Tour has finally got o is finally under way2. [máquina, coche] to start;no intentes arrancar en segunda you shouldn't try to start the car in second gear3. [empezar] to get under way, to kick off;ya arrancó la campaña electoral the election campaign is already under way;el festival arrancó con un concierto de música clásica the festival got under way o kicked off with a classical music concert;empataron al poco de arrancar la segunda mitad they equalized shortly after the second half had got under way o kicked offarrancó a llorar de repente she suddenly started crying, she suddenly burst into tearsel río arranca de los Andes the river has its source in the Andes;todos los problemas arrancan de una nefasta planificación all the problems stem from poor planning* * *I v/t2 vehículo start (up)3 ( quitar) snatch;le arrancaron el bolso they snatched her purseII v/i2 INFOR boot (up)3:arrancar a hacer algo start to do sth, start doing sth* * *arrancar {72} vt1) : to pull out, to tear out2) : to pick, to pluck (a flower)3) : to start (an engine)4) : to boot (a computer)arrancar vi1) : to start an engine2) : to get going* * *arrancar vb1. (sacar) to pull out3. (planta) to pull up4. (arrebatar) to snatch5. (motor, coche) to start -
80 FALLA
* * *(fell; féll, féllum; fallinn), v.1) to fall;eigi fellr tré við fyrsta högg, a tree falls not with the first stroke;falla af baki, to fall from horse back;falla á kné, to fall on one’s knees;falla áfram (á bak aptr), to fall forwards (backwards);falla flatr, to fall prostrate;falla til jarðar, to fall to the ground;refl., láta fallast (= sik falla), to let oneself fall (þá lét Loki falla í kné Skaða);2) to drop down dead, be killed, fall (in battle);3) to die of plague (féllu fátœkir menn um alit land);4) to flow, run (of water, stream, tide);særinn fell út frá landi, ebbed;féll sjór fyrir hellismunnann, the sea rose higher than the cave-mouth;síðan féll sjór at, the tide rose;þeir sá þá ós mikinn falla í sjóinn, fall into the sea;á fél (a river flowed) við skála Ásólfs;var skipit svá hlaðit, at inn féll um söxin, that the sea rushed in at the prow;5) of clothes, hair, to fall, hang down;hárit féll á herðar honum aptr, the hair fell back on his shoulders;létu kvennváðir um kné falla, they let women’s dress fall about hi s knees;6) to fall, calm down (of the wind);féll veðrit (the storm fell) ok gerði logn;7) to fail, be foiled;sá eiðr fellr honum til útlegðar, if he fails in taking the oath, he shall be liable to outlawry;falla á verkum sínum, to have been caught red-handed, to be justly slain;falla or fallast at máli, sókn, to fail in one’s suit;falla frá máli, to give it up;fallinn at frændum, bereft of kinsmen;dœmi ek fyrir dráp hans fallnar yðrar eignir, I sentence your estates to be forfieited for his slaughter;refl., ef gerðarmenn láta fallast, if the umpires fail to do their duty;þá fallust öllum Ásum orðtök ok svá hendr, then voice and hands alike failed the Gods;féllust þeim allar kvéðjur, their greetings died on their lips;vill sá eigi falust láta andsvör, he will not fail or falter in replying;mér féll svá gæfusamliga (it befell me so quickly), at;stundum kann svá at falla, at, sometimes it may so happen that;9) to be had or produced (þat járn fellr í firði þeim; þar fellr hveiti ok vín);10) with adv., e-m fellr e-t þungt, létt, a thing falls heavily, lightly upon one (þetta mun ðr þungt falla);féll þá keisaranum þyngra bardaginn, the battle turned against the emperor;e-m fellr e-t nær, it falls nigh to one, touches one nearly;henni féll meinit svá nær, at, the illness fell on her so sore, that;mér fellr eigi firr en honum, it touches me no less than him;hörmuliga fellr oss nú, at, it falls out sadly for us, that;11) to please, suit;kvað sér, þat vel falla til attekta, said that it suited him well for drawing revenue from;honum féll vel í eyru lofsorð konungs, the king’s praise was pleasant in his ears;jarli féllst þat vel í eyru, the earl was well pleased to hear it;mun mér illa falla, ef, it will displease me, if;féll vel á með þeim, they were on good terms;refl., honum féllst þat vel í skap, it suited his mind well, he was pleased with it;féllst hvárt öðru vel í geð, they loved each other;12) with preps. and advs.,falla af, to fall, abate (féll af vindr, byrr);falla á e-n, to befall one;þær féllu lyktir í, at, the end was, that;falla í e-t, to fall into;falla í brot, to fall in a fit;falla í óvit, to faint, swoon;falla í villu, to fall into heresy;falla í vald e-s, to fall into one’s power;féll veðrit í logn, the storm calmed down;falla niðr, to fall, drop;mitt kvæði mun skjótt niðr falla, my poem will soon be forgotten;féll svá niðr þeirra tal, their conversation dropped, they left off talking;falla saman, to fill in with, agree;þó at eigi félli alit saman með þeim, though they, did not agree in everything;falla til, to occur, happen, fall out;ef auðna fellr til, if luck will have it so;litlu síðar féll til fagrt leiði, fair wind came on;öll þingviti, er til falla, all the fines that may fall in, be due;nema þörf falli til, unless need be;sem sakir falla til, as the case falls;falla undir e-n, to fall to one’s lot (of inheritance, obligation);arfr fellr undir e-n, devolves upon one;falla út, to recede, of the tide (þá er út féll sjórinn);falla við árar, to fall to at the oars.* * *pret. féll, 2nd pers. féllt, mod. féllst, pl. féllu; pres. fell, pl. föllum; part. fallinn; reflex. féllsk, fallisk, etc., with the neg. suffix fellr-at, féll-at, féllsk-at, Am. 6, vide Lex. Poët. [Common to all Teut. languages except Goth. (Ulf. renders πίπτειν by drjûsan); A. S. feallan; Engl. fall; Germ. fallen; Dan. falde; Swed. falla.]A. to fall; as in Engl. so in Icel. falla is the general word, used in the broadest sense; in the N. T. it is therefore used much in the same passages as in the Engl. V., e. g. Matth. v. 14, vii. 25, 27, x. 29, xii. 11, xiii. 4, xxi. 44, Luke xiv. 5, John xii. 24, Rom. xi. 11, xiv. 4, 1 Cor. x. 12, 1 Tim. vi. 9, Rev. viii. 10: blómstrið fellr, James i. 11: again, the verbs hrynja and hrapa denote ruin or sudden fall, detta a light fall, hrasa stumbling; thus in the N. T. hrynja is used, Luke xxiii. 30, Rev. vi. 16; hrapa, Luke x. 18, xi. 17, xiii. 4, Matth. xxiv. 29; hrasa, Luke x. 30; detta, xvi. 21: the proverb, eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta högg, a tree falls not by the first stroke, Nj. 163, 224; hann féll fall mikit, Bs. i. 343; hón féll geigvænliga, id.; falla af baki, to fall from horseback, 344; f. áfram, to fall forwards, Nj. 165; f. á bak aptr, to fall on the back, 9; f. um háls e-m, to fall on one’s neck, Luke xv. 20; f. til jarðar, to fall to the ground, fall prostrate, Fms. vii. 13, Pass. 5. 4: to fall on one’s face, Stj. 422. Ruth ii. 10; f. fram, to fall down, Matth. iv. 9; f. dauðr ofan, to fall down dead, Fær. 31; ok jafnsnart féll á hann dimma og myrkr, Acts xiii. 11; hlutr fellr, the lot fell (vide hlut-fall), i. 26.2. to fall dead, fall in battle, Lat. cadere, Nj. 31, Eg. 7, 495, Dropl. 25, 36, Hm. 159, Fms. i. 8, 11, 24, 38, 95, 173, 177, 178, ii. 318, 324, 329, iii. 5, iv. 14, v. 55, 59, 78, 85, vi. 406–421, vii–xi, passim.3. of cattle, to die of plague or famine, Ann. 1341.4. medic., falla í brot, to fall in a fit, Bs. i. 335; f. í óvit, to swoon, Nj. 210: the phrase, f. frá, to fall, die (frá-fall, death), Grág. i. 139, 401, Fms. iv. 230, vii. 275; f. í svefn, to fall asleep, Acts xx. 9.II. to flow, run, of water, stream, tide, etc.: of the tide, særinn féll út frá landi, ebbed, Clem. 47; féll þar sær fyrir hellismunnann, the sea rose higher than the cave’s mouth, Orkn. 428; síðan féll sjór at, the tide rose, Ld. 58; ok þá er út féll sjórinn, Þorf. Karl. 420; sjórinn féll svá skjótt á land, at skipin vóru öll á floti, Fms. iv. 65: also used of snow, rain, dew, Vsp. 19; snjó-fall, a fall of snow: of the ashes of a volcano, cp. ösku-fall, s. v. aska: of a breaker, to dash, menn undruðusk er boði féll í logni, þar sem engi maðr vissi ván til at fyrri hefði fallit, Orkn. 164: of a river, nema þar falli á sú er eigi gengr fé yfir, Grág. ii. 256; vötn þau er ór jöklum höfðu fallit, Eg. 133; á féll ( flowed) við skála Ásólfs, Landn. 50, A. A. 285; þeir sá þá ós (fors, Hb.) mikinn falla í sjóinn, Landn. 29, v. l., cp. Fms. i. 236; Markar-fljót féll í millum höfuð-ísa, Nj. 142; á fellr austan, Vsp. 42; falla forsar, 58; læk er féll meðal landa þeirra, Landn. 145: of sea water, sjár kolblár fellr at þeim, the ship took in water, Ld. 118, Mar. 98; svá at inn féll um söxin, that the tea rushed in at the stern, Sturl. iii. 66.2. to stream, of hair; hárit silki-bleikt er féll ( streamed) á herðar honum aptr, Fms. vii. 155.β. of clothes, drapery, Edda (Ht. 2) 121.III. to fall, of the wind; féll veðrit ok görði logn, the wind fell, Eg. 372; þá féll byrrinn, Eb. 8; ok fellr veðrit er þeir koma út at eyjum, Ld. 116; hón kvaðsk mundu ráða at veðrit félli eigi, Gullþ. 30; í því bili fellr andviðrit, Fbr. 67; þá féll af byrrinn, Fms. vi. 17.2. falla niðr, to fall, drop; mitt kvæði mun skjótt niðr f., my poem will soon be forgotten, Fms. vi. 198; mun þat (in the poem) aldri niðr f. meðan Norðrlönd eru bygð, 372; féll svá þeirra tal, their speech dropped, they left off talking, Fas. iii. 579; as a law term, to let a thing drop, lát niðr f., Fs. 182; féllu hálfar bætr niðr fyrir sakastaði þá er hann þótti á eiga, Nj. 166, 250, Band. 18; þat eitt fellr niðr, Grág. i. 398, Fms. vii. 137; falla í verði, to fall in price, etc.IV. to fail, be foiled, a law term; sá (viz. eiðr) fellr honum til útlegðar, i. e. if he fails in taking the oath he shall be liable to outlawry, N. G. L. i. 84 (eið-fall); en ef eiðr fellr, þá fari hann útlægr, K. Á. 214; fellr aldri sekt handa á milli, the fine is never cancelled, N. G. L. i. 345; f. á verkum sínum, to have been caught red-handed, to be justly slain, Eg. 736; vera fallinn at sókn, to fail in one’s suit, N. G. L. i. 166; hence metaph. fallin at frændum, failing, bereft of friends, Hðm. 5; fallinn frá minu máli, having given my case up, Sks. 554, 747; því dæmi ek fyrir dráp hans fallnar eignir ykkar, I sentence your estates to lie forfeited for his slaughter, Fs. 122; f. í konungs garð, to forfeit to the king’s treasury. Fms. iv. 227; reflex., ef honum fellsk þessor brigð, if his right of reclamation fails, Gþl. 300; ef menn fallask at því, if men fail in that, N. G. L. ii. 345; ef gerð fellsk, if the reparation comes to naught, id.; ef gerðar-menn láta fallask, if they fail to do their duty, id., cp. i. 133, 415; to fail, falter, in the phrase, e-m fallask hendr, the hands fail one; bliknaði hann ok féllusk honum hendr, Ó. H. 70; þá féllusk öllum Ásum orðtök ok svá hendr, their voice and hands alike failed them, Edda 37; en bóndum féllusk hendr, því á þeir höfðu þá engan foringja, Fms. vi. 281; féllusk þeim allar kveðjur er fyrir vóru, their greeting faltered, i. e. the greeting died on their lips, Nj. 140; vill sá eigi fallask fáta andsvör, he would not fail or falter in replying, Hkr. i. 260; féllskat saðr sviðri, her judgment did not fail, Am. 6.V. metaph., falla í villu, to fall into heresy, Ver. 47; f. í hórdóm, to fall into whoredom, Sks. 588; f. í vald e-s. to fall into one’s power, Ld. 166; f. í fullsælu, to drop ( come suddenly) into great wealth, Band. 31; f. í fullting við e-n, to fall a-helping one, to take one’s part, Grág. i. 24; lyktir falla á e-t, to come to a close, issue, Fms. ix. 292. xi. 326; f. á, to fall on, of misfortune, vide á-fall.2. falla undir e-n, to full to one’s lot, of inheritance, obligation; arfr fellr undir e-n. devolves upon one, Gþl. 215; f. frjáls á jörð to be free born, N. G. L. i. 32; f. ánanðigr á jörð, to be born a bondsman, Grág. ii. 192.3. falla við árar, to fall to at the oars, Fms. xi. 73, 103; Þorgeirr féll þá svá fast á árar (pulled, so bard), at af gengu báðir háirnir, Grett. 125 A; f. fram við árar, id., Fas. ii. 495 (in a verse).VI. to fall out, befall; ef auðna fellr til, if it so falls out by luck, Fms. iv. 148; ef auðna vildi til f. með þeim, xi. 267; litlu siðar fellr til fagrt leiði, a fair wind befell them, 426; alla hluti þá er til kunni f., Nj. 224; öll þingvíti er til f., all the fines that may fall in, be due, Gþl. 21; nema þörf falli til, unless a mishap befalls him, i. e. unless he be in a strait, 76; mér féll svá gæfusamliga, it befell me so luckily, Barl. 114; verðuliga er fallit á mik þetta tilfelli, this accident has justly befallen me, 115; sem sakir f. til, as the case falls, Eg. 89.2. to fall, be produced; þat (the iron) fellr í firði þeim er Ger heitir, Fas. iii. 240; þar fellr hveiti ok vín, 360.VII. impers. in the phrases, e-m fellr e-t þungt, létt, etc., a thing falls lightly, heavily upon, esp. of feeling; þetta mun yðr þungt f., it will fall heavily on you, Band. 18; felir þá keisaranum þyngra bardaginn, the battle fell out ill to ( turned against) the emperor, Fms. xi. 32; at oss mundi þungt f. þessi mál, Nj. 191.2. the phrases, e-m fellr e-t nær, it falls nigh to one, touches one nearly; svá fellr mér þetta nær um trega, Nj. 170; sjá einn var svá hlutr, at Njáli féll svá nær, at hana mátti aldri óklökvandi um tala, this one thing touched Njal so nearly, that he could never speak of it without tears, 171; mér fellr eigi firr en honum, it touches me no less than him, Blas. 41; henni féll meinit svá, nær, at …, the illness fell on her so sore, that …, Bs. i. 178; féll henni nær allt saman, she was much vexed by it all (of illness), 351; e-t fellr bágliga, hörmuliga etc. fyrir e-m, things fall out sadly for one. Vígl. 30, El. 15.B. Metaph. to fall in with, agree, fit, suit, Germ. gefallen:I. to please, suit; kvað sér þat vel falla til aftekta, said that it suited him well for drawing taxes from, Fb. ii. 122: en allt þat, er hann heyrði frá himnaguði, féll honum harla vel, pleased him very well, Fms. i. 133; honum féll vel í eyru lofsorð konungs, the king’s praise suited his ears well, tickled, pleased his fancy, Bret. 16: reflex., þat lof fellsk honum í eyru, 4; jarli fellsk þat vel í eyru, the earl was well pleased to hear it, Bjarn. 7.β. falla saman, to fall in with, comply, agree; en þó at eigi félli allt saman með þeim, though they did not agree in all, Bs. i. 723.γ. féllsk vel á með þeim, they loved one another, Fas. i. 49; féll vel á með þeim Styrkári, i. e. he and S. were on good terms, Fms. iii. 120.δ. honum féllsk þat vel í skap, it suited his mind well, pleased him, Fas. i. 364; féllsk hvárt öðru vel í geð, they agreed well, liked one another well, Band. 9; fallask á e-t, to like a thing; brátt kvartar að mér fellst ei á, Bb. 3. 23.2. to beseem, befit; heldr fellr þeim ( it befits them), at sýna öðrum með góðvilja, Str. 2.3. falla at e-u, to apply to, refer to; þetta eitt orð er at fellr eiðstafnum, Band. MS. 15 (Ed. 18 wrongly eiðrinn instead of eiðnum).4. the phrase ‘falla við’ in Luke vi. 36 (bótin af því hinu nýja fellr eigi við hið gamla) means to agree with; hence also viðfeldinn, agreeable:—but in the two passages to be cited falla við seems to be intended for falda við, to enfold; hvergi nema þar sem falli við akr eða eng, unless field or meadow be increased or improved, N. G. L. ii. 116; ekki má falla (qs. falda) við hamingju-leysi mitt, ‘tis impossible to add a fold to my bad luck, it cannot be worse than it is, Al. 110.II. part. fallinn; svá f., such-like, so framed; eitt lítið dýr er svá fallið, at …, a small animal is so framed, that …, Stj. 77; hví man hinn sami maðr svá fallinn, how can the same man be so framed? Fms. xi. 429:—in law phrases, such-like, as follows, svá fallinn vitnisburð, testimony as follows, Vm. 47; svo fallinn órskurð, dóm, etc., a decision, sentence … as follows, a standing phrase; þá leið fallinn, such, such-like (Germ. beschaffen), Stj. 154.2. fallinn vel, illa, etc., well, ill-disposed; hann var vænn maðr ok vel fallinn, Fms. xi. 422; þau vóru tröll bæði ok at öllu illa fallin, Bárð. 165; fitted, worthy, bezt til konungs fallinn, Fms. i. 58; ok er hann bezt til þess f. af þessum þremr, vi. 386; at hann væri betr til fallinn at deyja fyrir þá sök en faðir hans, that he more deserved to die than his father did, x. 3; Ólafr er betr til yfirmanns f. enn mínir synir, Ld. 84; margir eru betr til fallnir fararinnar, Ísl. ii. 327; Hallgerðr kvað hann sér vel fallinn til verkstjóra, Nj. 57; sá er til þess er f., Sks. 299; ‘worthy,’ 1 Cor. vi. 2.3. neut. fit; ok hætti þá er honum þótti fallit, when he thought fit, Fms. vi. 364; slík reip sem f. þykir, as seems needful, Sks. 420; væri þat vel fallit, at …, it would do well, to …, Fms. ii. 115; þat mun nú vel fallit, that will be right, that will do well, Nj. 145; kallaði vel til fallit, said it was quite right, Fms. xi. 321.4. of a thing, with dat. suited to one; eigi þyki mér þér sú ferð vel fallin, i. e. this journey will not do for thee, will not do thee good, Fms. vi. 200; cp. ó-fallit, unfit.
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