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81 delincuente
adj.delinquent, law-breaking, lawbreaker, unlawful.f. & m.1 criminal.delincuente habitual habitual offenderdelincuente juvenil juvenile delinquent2 delinquent, bandit, crook, criminal.* * *► adjetivo1 delinquent1 delinquent\delincuente habitual offenderdelincuente sin antecedentes penales first offender* * *noun mf.* * *1.ADJ delinquent2.SMF (=maleante) criminal* * *masculino y femenino criminal* * *= criminal, delinquent, offender, wrongdoer [wrong-doer], harmdoer, lawbreaker, felon.Ex. But whether women are delinquent, offenders, or criminals aside, we are still left with the fact that only four classes of persons are singled out in the Library of Congress subject heading list as criminals.Ex. The much-criticized delinquent WOMEN was changed to FEMALE OFFENDERS in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).Ex. The much-criticized DELINQUENT WOMEN was changed to FEMALE offenders in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).Ex. Schools, it is suggested, need to introduce their students to an understanding of the complexities of these notions of forgiveness and other possible attitudes to wrongdoers.Ex. The act of 'harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex. Blacks are generally overrepresented as lawbreakers and Latinos and Whites are underrepresented as lawbreakers on television news compared to their respective crime rates.Ex. A flyer was also provided with the letter explaining voting rights for felons.----* banda de delincuentes = crime ring.Ex. When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.----* delincuente juvenil = juvenile delinquent, young offender, juvenile offender.* delincuente sexual = sex offender, nonce.* lleno de delincuentes = crime-ridden.* plagado de delincuentes = crime-ridden.* * *masculino y femenino criminal* * *= criminal, delinquent, offender, wrongdoer [wrong-doer], harmdoer, lawbreaker, felon.Ex: But whether women are delinquent, offenders, or criminals aside, we are still left with the fact that only four classes of persons are singled out in the Library of Congress subject heading list as criminals.
Ex: The much-criticized delinquent WOMEN was changed to FEMALE OFFENDERS in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).Ex: The much-criticized DELINQUENT WOMEN was changed to FEMALE offenders in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).Ex: Schools, it is suggested, need to introduce their students to an understanding of the complexities of these notions of forgiveness and other possible attitudes to wrongdoers.Ex: The act of 'harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex: Blacks are generally overrepresented as lawbreakers and Latinos and Whites are underrepresented as lawbreakers on television news compared to their respective crime rates.Ex: A flyer was also provided with the letter explaining voting rights for felons.* banda de delincuentes = crime ring.Ex: When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.* delincuente juvenil = juvenile delinquent, young offender, juvenile offender.* delincuente sexual = sex offender, nonce.* lleno de delincuentes = crime-ridden.* plagado de delincuentes = crime-ridden.* * *delinquentcriminalCompuestos:common criminalhabitual offenderjuvenile delinquentminor offender, small-time crook ( colloq)* * *
delincuente sustantivo masculino y femenino
criminal;
delincuente juvenil juvenile delinquent
delincuente adjetivo & mf delinquent, criminal
' delincuente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cometer
- encubrir
- presunta
- presunto
- rendir
- allanar
- apresar
- bandido
- captura
- capturar
- choro
- consignar
- entregar
- lanza
- perseguir
- rehabilitación
- rehabilitar
English:
composite
- delinquency
- delinquent
- juvenile delinquent
- offender
- sex offender
- criminal
- felon
- suspended
* * *delincuente nmfcriminal;pequeños delincuentes petty criminalsdelincuente común common criminal;delincuente habitual habitual offender;delincuente juvenil juvenile delinquent o offender* * *m/f criminal* * *delincuente adj: delinquentdelincuente nmfcriminal: delinquent, criminal* * *delincuente n criminal -
82 infractor
m.lawbreaker, infringer, transgressor, offender.* * *► adjetivo1 offending► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 offender* * *(f. - infractora)noun* * *infractor, -aSM / F offender (de against)* * *- tora masculino, femenino offender* * *= offender, abuser, defaulter, harmdoer, victimiser [victimizer, -USA], lawbreaker, violator.Ex. The much-criticized DELINQUENT WOMEN was changed to FEMALE offenders in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).Ex. The article 'Are you a user or an abuser?' urges librarians and borrowers to use the library with restraint.Ex. Libraries make special arrangements for short-term loans lasting as little as two hours in some cases, and charge heavy fines to act as a deterrent to defaulters.Ex. The act of 'harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex. The victimizers acted with impunity & largely went unpunished.Ex. Blacks are generally overrepresented as lawbreakers and Latinos and Whites are underrepresented as lawbreakers on television news compared to their respective crime rates.Ex. In the past teachers and lecturers have been the most flagrant violators of the author's copyright.----* infractor de la ley = scofflaw.* infractor de tráfico = scofflaw.* * *- tora masculino, femenino offender* * *= offender, abuser, defaulter, harmdoer, victimiser [victimizer, -USA], lawbreaker, violator.Ex: The much-criticized DELINQUENT WOMEN was changed to FEMALE offenders in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).
Ex: The article 'Are you a user or an abuser?' urges librarians and borrowers to use the library with restraint.Ex: Libraries make special arrangements for short-term loans lasting as little as two hours in some cases, and charge heavy fines to act as a deterrent to defaulters.Ex: The act of 'harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex: The victimizers acted with impunity & largely went unpunished.Ex: Blacks are generally overrepresented as lawbreakers and Latinos and Whites are underrepresented as lawbreakers on television news compared to their respective crime rates.Ex: In the past teachers and lecturers have been the most flagrant violators of the author's copyright.* infractor de la ley = scofflaw.* infractor de tráfico = scofflaw.* * *masculine, feminineoffenderlos infractores de la ley tributaria tax offenders* * *
infractor◊ - tora sustantivo masculino, femenino
offender
infractor,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino offender
' infractor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
infractora
English:
lawbreaker
- offender
* * *infractor, -ora♦ adjoffending♦ nm,foffender* * *I adj offending atrII m, infractora f offender* * *: offender -
83 ofensa
f.1 offense.una ofensa a la dignidad humana an offense o insult to human dignityuna ofensa a la buena educación an affront to good manners2 slight, insult (injuria).no lo tomes como una ofensa personal don't take it as a personal insult o offense3 misdemeanor, illegality, transgression, trespass.* * *1 offence* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=insulto) offence, offense (EEUU)2) (=desprecio) slight* * ** * *= offence [offense, -USA], insult, offense [offence, -UK], harmdoing, slap in the face, diss, slur.Ex. The study suggests a simple publicity campaign with particular emphasis on the penalty with goes with the offence.Ex. Some student users resorted to using an online conferencing system as the medium for insults and invective aimed at each other.Ex. The author categorizes an impeachable offense as one that threatens the safety of the country, either as treason or bribery.Ex. The act of ' harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex. To reward him with a major committee chairmanship would be a slap in the face of millions of Americans who want to see real change in our country.Ex. I think the disses come from frustration with the way his work was handled rather than from desperation.Ex. I can also remember a time when slurs were uttered about Jewish people and if you didn't laugh you were considered a wet blanket.----* causa de la ofensa = offending.* * ** * *= offence [offense, -USA], insult, offense [offence, -UK], harmdoing, slap in the face, diss, slur.Ex: The study suggests a simple publicity campaign with particular emphasis on the penalty with goes with the offence.
Ex: Some student users resorted to using an online conferencing system as the medium for insults and invective aimed at each other.Ex: The author categorizes an impeachable offense as one that threatens the safety of the country, either as treason or bribery.Ex: The act of ' harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex: To reward him with a major committee chairmanship would be a slap in the face of millions of Americans who want to see real change in our country.Ex: I think the disses come from frustration with the way his work was handled rather than from desperation.Ex: I can also remember a time when slurs were uttered about Jewish people and if you didn't laugh you were considered a wet blanket.* causa de la ofensa = offending.* * *(agravio) insultlo ha tomado como una ofensa personal she has taken it as a personal insult o slightno le hagas la ofensa de darle propina don't insult him by giving him a tip* * *
ofensa sustantivo femenino ( agravio) insult
ofensa sustantivo femenino offence, US offense
(insulto) insult, affront: el programa fue una ofensa a la democracia, the programme was an affront to democracy
' ofensa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bofetada
- constitutiva
- constitutivo
- reparar
- vilipendio
- reparación
English:
affront
- insult
- offence
* * *ofensa nf1. [acción] offence, insult;una ofensa a la dignidad humana an offence o insult to human dignity;una ofensa a la buena educación an affront to good manners2. [injuria] slight, insult;no lo tomes como una ofensa personal don't take it as a personal insult o offence* * *f insult* * *ofensa nf: offense, insult* * *ofensa n offence -
84 perjuicio
m.harm, damage.causar perjuicios (a) to do harm o damage (to)ir en perjuicio de to be detrimental tola reforma educativa favorece a algunas asignaturas en perjuicio de otras the education reform favors some subjects at the expense of otherslo haré, sin perjuicio de que proteste I'll do it, but I retain the right to make a complaint about it* * *1 (material) damage; (económico) loss\causar perjuicio a alguien to damage somebody's interestscon perjuicio para resulting in damage toen perjuicio de adversely affecting, to the detriment of, againstsin perjuicio de without adversely affecting, without detriment to 2 DERECHO without prejudice to* * *noun m.harm, damage* * *SM damage, harmel escándalo ha reportado graves perjuicios al ministro — the scandal has done the minister serious damage o harm
•
en perjuicio de algo — to the detriment of sth, at the expense of sthhan bajado los precios en perjuicio de la calidad — prices have fallen to the detriment o at the expense of quality
•
redundar en perjuicio de algo — to be detrimental to sth, harm sth•
sin perjuicio de — (Jur) without prejudice todaño 1)sin perjuicio de que luego me pueda arrepentir — even though I might change my mind later, in spite of the fact that I might change my mind later
* * *a) ( daño) damageno sufrió ningún perjuicio — it did him no harm o damage
b)en perjuicio de — (frml)
redunda o va en perjuicio de todos — it works against o is detrimental to everyone
c)sin perjuicio: sin perjuicio para su salud without detriment to his health (frml); sin perjuicio de los derechos establecidos por la ley — without affecting your statutory rights
* * *= disservice, harmdoing.Ex. A sham catalog is a disservice to the user, and participating in the creation of a sham catalog is personally degrading to a professional.Ex. The act of ' harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.----* caso por daños y perjuicios = damages case.* causar perjuicio = bring + harm.* compensación por daños y perjuicios = liquidated damages.* daños y perjuicios = consequential damage.* demandar por daños y perjuicios = sue for + damage.* en perjuicio de = to the detriment of, to + Posesivo + detriment.* indemnización por daños y perjuicios = compensatory damages.* reparar un perjuicio = make + amends (for/to).* sin perjuicio de = notwithstanding.* sin perjuicios = open mind.* * *a) ( daño) damageno sufrió ningún perjuicio — it did him no harm o damage
b)en perjuicio de — (frml)
redunda o va en perjuicio de todos — it works against o is detrimental to everyone
c)sin perjuicio: sin perjuicio para su salud without detriment to his health (frml); sin perjuicio de los derechos establecidos por la ley — without affecting your statutory rights
* * *= disservice, harmdoing.Ex: A sham catalog is a disservice to the user, and participating in the creation of a sham catalog is personally degrading to a professional.
Ex: The act of ' harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.* caso por daños y perjuicios = damages case.* causar perjuicio = bring + harm.* compensación por daños y perjuicios = liquidated damages.* daños y perjuicios = consequential damage.* demandar por daños y perjuicios = sue for + damage.* en perjuicio de = to the detriment of, to + Posesivo + detriment.* indemnización por daños y perjuicios = compensatory damages.* reparar un perjuicio = make + amends (for/to).* sin perjuicio de = notwithstanding.* sin perjuicios = open mind.* * *1 (daño) damagecausó grave perjuicio a su reputación it caused serious damage to his reputationesto le reportará a la empresa un gran perjuicio económico this will prove very damaging for the company financially, this will prove highly detrimental to the company financially ( frml)no sufrió ningún perjuicio it did him no harm o damage2en perjuicio de ( frml): la ley electoral redunda en perjuicio de los partidos minoritarios the electoral law works against o works to the detriment of o is detrimental to minority partieslo beneficia a él pero va en perjuicio de todos los demás it works to his advantage but to everyone else's disadvantage, it benefits him but it is detrimental to everyone else ( frml)3sin perjuicio: sin perjuicio para su salud without detriment to his health ( frml)sin perjuicio de los derechos establecidos por la ley without affecting your statutory rightses preciso tomar una decisión ahora, sin perjuicio de que más tarde cambiemos de opinión we need to make a decision now, but this doesn't mean we can't change our minds later o it is essential we make a decision now, but this does not preclude a change of plan at a later date* * *
perjuicio sustantivo masculino ( daño) damage;◊ no sufrió ningún perjuicio it did him no harm o damage;
le causó un gran perjuicio it was very damaging to him;
redunda o va en perjuicio de todos it works against o (frml) is detrimental to everyone;
sin perjuicio para su salud without detriment to his health (frml);
sin perjuicio de que cambiemos de opinión even though we may change our minds later
perjuicio sustantivo masculino harm, damage: tendrá que pagar daños y perjuicios, he'll have to pay damages
' perjuicio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
crasa
- craso
- daño
- mal
- remediar
- reparación
- revertir
- sangrar
- sufrir
- reparar
English:
damage
- detriment
- disservice
- harm
- prejudice
* * *perjuicio nmharm, damage;causar perjuicios (a) to do harm o damage (to);ir en perjuicio de to be detrimental to;la reforma educativa favorece a algunas asignaturas en perjuicio de otras the education reform favours some subjects at the expense of others;una indemnización por daños y perjuicios compensation for damages;sin perjuicio: lo haré, sin perjuicio de que proteste I'll do it, but I retain the right to make a complaint about it;urge la reforma de la ley, sin perjuicio de la revisión de otras leyes the law must be reformed as a matter of urgency, however this should not mean that the review of other laws is neglected* * *m harm, damage;sin perjuicio de without affecting* * *perjuicio nm1) : harm, damage2)en perjuicio de : to the detriment of -
85 transgresor
adj.law-breaking, evil-doing, transgressive, offensive.m.transgressor, law-breaker, infringer, lawbreaker.* * *► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 transgressor, law-breaker* * *transgresor, -aSM / F transgressor* * *- sora masculino, femenino transgressor* * *= offender, violator, harmdoer, trespasser.Ex. The much-criticized DELINQUENT WOMEN was changed to FEMALE offenders in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).Ex. In the past teachers and lecturers have been the most flagrant violators of the author's copyright.Ex. The act of 'harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex. The meeting was closed prematurely when police ordered the premises to be evacuated by the conferencers as well as the trespassers.----* transgresor de la ley = lawbreaker.* * *- sora masculino, femenino transgressor* * *= offender, violator, harmdoer, trespasser.Ex: The much-criticized DELINQUENT WOMEN was changed to FEMALE offenders in the 1974 Supplement to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).
Ex: In the past teachers and lecturers have been the most flagrant violators of the author's copyright.Ex: The act of 'harmdoing' is defined, & the impact of legal structures on the behavior of the harmdoer & victim is examined.Ex: The meeting was closed prematurely when police ordered the premises to be evacuated by the conferencers as well as the trespassers.* transgresor de la ley = lawbreaker.* * *masculine, femininetransgressor* * *
transgresor◊ - sora sustantivo masculino, femenino
transgressor
transgresor,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino transgressor, lawbreaker
' transgresor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
transgresora
- trasgresor
- trasgresora
* * *transgresor, -ora, trasgresor, -ora nm,ftransgressor* * *m, transgresora f transgressor* * *transgresor, - sora n: transgressor -
86 посадка (деталей)
fit
характер соединения двух сопряженных деталей, выражающийся значениями зазоpa или натяга (между валом и отверстием). основные группы посадок: с натягом, переходная, с зазором, — there are three principal types of fit: interference - in which the shaft is larger than the hole, trans the shaft and hole are approximately the same size, clearance - where the hole is larger than the shaft.
- (пассажиров) — embarkation, emplaning
вход и расположение пассажиров в ла для совершения полета. — the boarding of an aircraft for the purpose of commencing a flight.
- (самолета или вертолета на землю, воду или палубу) — landing. the landing must be made without exeessiye yertical acceleration, tendency to bounce, nose oyer, ground loop, porpoise or water loop.
-, аварийная — emergency landing
either a forced or a precautionary landing.
-, аварийная (с поломкой) — crash landing
-, аварийная, вероятная (возможная) — anticipated crash landing
-, автоматическая — automatic landing, autoland
-, безопасная — safe landing
-, вертикальная (вертолета) — vertical landing
-, визуальная — visually judged landing
-, визуальная с использованием ручного (штурвального управления) — visually judged manual
- вне аэродрома, вынужденная (параграф разд.3 рлэ) — emergency landing on land
-, внеаэродромная — off-field landing
-, внеочередная — priority landing
- в пму (простых метеоусловиях) — nwc landing. landing under normal weather conditions.
- в пути — intermediate landing
- вслепую — instrument landing
- в сложных метеорологических условиях — bad-weather landing
- в случае воздействия атмосферного электрического разряда — lightning strike landing
- в условиях плохой видимости — low-visibility landing
-, вынужденная — emergency /forced/ landing
при вынужденной посадке на воду поведение ла не должно создавать опасность ранения пассажиров и затруднять условия оставления ла. — in an emergency landing on water the behavior of the airplane should not cause immediate injury to the occupants or make it impossible for them to escape.
-, вынужденная на сушу (вне аэродрома) — off-field landing
-, грубая — rough /hard/ landing
-, директорная (по командам системы директорного или траекторного управления) — flight-director landing, fd landing, landing with response to fd commands
- для движения вручную — push fit
посадка деталей, при которой требуется небольшое усилие от руки. не рекомендуется для подвижных деталей. — slight manual effort is required to assemble the parts. suitable for detachable or locating,parts but not for moving parts.
- до впп — undershoot(ing) landing
-, жесткая — rough landing
-, испытательная — test landing
проверить нагрев тормозов колес после выполнения ряда испытательных посадок, — check wheel brakes for excessive heating during a series of five test landings.
- на авторотации (вертолета) — autorotation landing
- на авторотации с пробегом (вертолета) — roll-oil autorotation landing
- на аэродром (напр., назначения) — landing at aerodrome (of destination)
- на аэродром аэропорта — landing at airport
- на ближайший пригодный аэродром — landing at the nearest suitable aerodrome
- "на брюхо" — belly landing
- на воду — landing on water, water landthe probable behavior of the airplane in a water landing must be investigated.
- на воду, аварийная (вынужденная) — ditching, emergency landing on water
- на воду, вероятная (предполагаемая) заголовок раздела рлэ "порядок действий при возможной посадке на воду". — anticipated ditching
- на две точки — two-point landing
- на исправную основную опору шасси — touchdown on the good gear side
- на критическом угле атаки — stall landing
- на малом газе — idle-power landing
- на одно колесо — one-wheel landing
- на палубу — deck landing
-, напряженная (класс) — driving fit
посадка менее плотная чем прессовая, — it is little less tight than force fit.
- на скользкую впп — landing on slippery runway
- на точность — spot landing
- на три точки — three-point landing
- (самолета) на фюзеляж при невозможности выпуска всех опор шасси — lg-up landing, belly landing
- на хвост — tail-down landing.
-, неизбежная (обязательная) — imminent landing
-, неподвижная (группа посадок) — interference fit (type)
-, не предусматривающая высадку пассажиров, выгрузку грузов и почты — stop for non-traffic purpose
-, неудавшаяся (потребовавщая уход на второй круг) — balked landing
-, нормальная — normal landing
-, ночная — night landing
-, односторонняя (для случая нагружения) — one-wheel landing condition
-, парашютирующая — pancake landing
- пассажиров (в самолет) — passenger embarkation
-, переходная (группа посадок) — transition fit (type)
-, плотная (класс) — push fit
посадка, требующая небольшого усилия от руки при сборке деталей. — slight manual effort is required to assemble the parts.
- по-вертолетному — helicopter-type landing
- по-вертолетному, вертикальмая — vertical landing
- по ветру — downwind landing
-, подвижная (группа посадок) — clearance fit (type)
-, подвижная (класс) — running fit
для деталей, перемещающихся относительно друг друга. — suitable for various types of moving parts
- по командам системы директорного (траекторного) управления — landing with response to flightdirector commands, fd landing
- no приборам — instrument landing
- nо-самолетному (вертолета) — running landing
- по указаниям с земли — talk-down landing
- по 1-ой, 2-ой, 3-ей категории икао — icao category i, ii, ill landing
- по i -ой, 2-ой, 3-ей категории (икао), автоматическая — category 1, (ii, iii) automatic landing (category ill a/l)
-, правильная — correct landing
-, прерванная (с последующим переходом к набору высоты) — balked /aborted/ landing be prepared for an aborted landing under emergency type circumstances.
-, прессовая (класс) — force fit
- при боковом ветре — cross-wind landing
- при встречном ветре — upwind landing
-, промежуточная — intermediate stop
-, промежуточная (на маршруте, кратковременная) — enroute stop (of short duration)
- против ветра — upwind landing
-, резкая — hard landing
- с автоматическим заходом на посадку — automatic approach landing
- с асимметричной тягой (в результате отказа двигателя) — asymmetric thrust landing
- с боковым ветром — crosswind landing
- с боковым ветром на скользкую впп — cross-wind landing on (very) slippery unway
- с весом, превышающим допустимый посадочный вес — overweight landing. landing at weight greater than thе structural design landing weight.
- с визуальной ориентировкой — contact landing
- с выкатыванием за предопы впп — overshooting landing
- с "гладким крылом" (с отказавшей или не выпущенной механизацией крыла) — clean wing landing
- с задранным хвостом — tail-high landing
- с зазором — clearance fit
- с заклиненным стабилизатором — jammed stabilizer landing
- с коротким пробегом — short landing
-, слелая — instrument landing
- с минимальным запасом (остатком) топлива — minimum fuel landing procedure
- с натягом — interference fit
посадка деталей с отрицательным зазором — nterference fits are quoted as negative clearances.
-, с невыпущенным шасси — wheels-up landing
- с немедленным взлетом после приземления (при тренировочных полетах для предотвращения перегрева тормозов колес) — touch-and-go-landing. touch-and-go landings are used to save flying time and to reduce heating of brakes (for flight training)
- с неполностью выпущенными закрылками — partial flap landing, landing with partial flap
в случае заклинения закрылкон не допускается попытка изменения угла установки закрылков, и посадка выполняется с неполностью выпущенными закрылками. — if flaps lock in place, do not attempt to change flap position, and use partial flap landing procedure.
- с неработающими двигатепями — power-off landing
- со скосом — lateral drift landing
- с остановившимся винтом — dead-stick landing
- с парашютированием — pancake landing
самолет парашютирует при посадке при значительной вертикальной скорости снижения и пониженной поступательной скорости. — aircraft pancakes when landing at abnormally high rate of descent or low forward speed.
- с перелетом — overshooting landing
- с планирования — glide landing
- с повторным взлетом (без остановки на впп или летном поле) — touch-and-go landing. а landing in which the airplane touches down but does not come to a stop before making another takeoff.
- с повторным ударом о землю ("козел") — rebound landing. the landing gear must be investigated for the loads occurring during rebound of the airplane from the landing surface.
- с подрывом (резким увеличением подъемной силы крыла или несущего винта) — pull-up landing
- с полностью выпущенными закрылками (предкрылками) — full flap (or slat) landing
- с полностью убранными закрынками — zero flap landing, landing with zero flap
- с полностью убранными за- покрылками и полностью выпущенными предкрылками — flap-full slat landing
- с поломкой — crash landing
- с поступательной скоростью (вертолета) — air run landing
- с провалом (парашютированием) — pancake landing
- с прямой — straight-in landing
- с работающими двигателями — power landing
- с убранными шасси — gear-up landing
- с убранными закрылками — nо flap /zero flap/ landing
- "с ходу" (без полета по кругу над аэродромом) — straight-in landing
-, точная — accuracy landing
-, трехточечная — three-point landing
-, тугая (класс) — force fit
посадка, требующая механического усилия при сборке. — mechanical pressure is required for assembly and once assembled no dismantling is likely to be required.
-, ходовая (класс) — running fit
для движущихся деталей. — suitable for moving parts.
вид или группа п. — type of fit
допуски и посадки (заголовок) — fits and clearances
допуск (на) п. — allowance
запрос на п. — landing request
карта (таблица) допусков и посадок — schedule of fits and clearances
класс п. — class of fit
"к посадке не готов" (табло) — unsafe ldg
загорание табло сопровождается звуковой сигнализацией, если шасси не зафиксированы замками выпущеннаго положения при убранном рычаге управления двигателем. — the annunciator is lit and horn sounds that indicates lg is not locked down when throttle levers are retarded.
очередность п. — landing sequence
разрешение на п. — landing clearance
заходить на п. — approach
принимать решение идти на п. — commit landing
садиться по посадке "р" (по посадочной поверхности) — be fitted to surface орп
совершать п. (на) — land (at), conduct landing (at)Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > посадка (деталей)
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87 зависимость
* * *Зависимость -- relation, relationship (выражения); function (функциональная); history (обычно временная); law (общеизвестная); variation, trend, behavior, pattern, characteristic (закономерность, характеристика); sensitivity, dependence (обусловленность)This resulted in a time-temperature history of the combustion gases, vastly different from that of the original burner design.Any major systematic deviation from the standard load/life law should have manifested itself in observed misprediction of lives in service.Зависимость между... иThe behavior of the heat transfer coefficient versus flow rate is different here from the classical Nusselt condensation problem.In the simplest option in the program a straight line relationship is taken for temperature rise against mass blow.Зависимость... отStrouhal number dependence of phase angle (Зависимость фазового угла от числа Струхаля)It became evident that the schedule of casing width versus radius is an arbitrary constraint.The lack of response of performance to variations in viscosity can be traced to the fact mentioned in Section 1.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > зависимость
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88 роль
фр. role(Мера влияния, значение, степень участия в чем-либо.)Модель социально ожидаемого поведения, определяемая статусом индивида в определенном обществе. — A socially expected behavior pattern determined by an individual's status in a particular society.
Функция, выполняемая в определенной операции или процессе. — A function performed in a particular operation or process.
- роль ожиданий потребителейПодход ситуационной интерпретации объясняет поведение на основе ожиданий других лиц в данной ситуации и интерпретации этих ожиданий самим индивидом. — The situational interpretation approach explains the behavior in terms of the expectations held by others in a given situation and of the individual's interpretation of those expectations.
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89 ограничение на поведение
Mathematics: restriction on the behavior (of F (z)), restriction on the behavior (of f (z))Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ограничение на поведение
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90 estudiar
v.1 to study (carrera, libro, asunto).estudia biológicas he's studying biologydespués de estudiar tu propuesta he decidido no aceptarla after studying your proposal, I've decided not to accept itestudia todas las tardes he spends every afternoon studyingestudió con el Presidente he went to school/university with the President¿estudias o trabajas? do you work or are you a student?Lisa estudia arduamente Lisa studies hard.Lisa estudia todos los libros Lisa studies every book.Lisa estudia historia americana Lisa studies American history.2 to observe.3 to be a student, to study.4 to feel out, to study.El profesor estudia sus reacciones The teacher feels out their reactions.* * *1 (gen) to study, learn2 (en universidad) to read, study3 (trabajar) to work, study4 (observar) to examine, observe1 to study1 to consider\estudiar de memoria to learn by heart* * *verb* * *1. VT1) (=aprender) [+ lección, papel] to learntengo mucho que estudiar — I've got a lot of work o studying to do
2) (=cursar) to studyquería que su hijo estudiase una carrera — she wanted her son to go to university o to do a degree
¿qué curso estudias? — what year are you in?
3) (=examinar) [informe, experimento] to examine, look into; [persona] to study, look intoel informe estudia los efectos de la sequía — the report examines o looks into the effects of the drought
están estudiando el comportamiento de los insectos — they are studying o looking into insect behaviour
4) (=considerar) to consider, studyestudiaremos su oferta y ya le contestaremos — we shall consider o study your offer and get back to you
el informe está siendo estudiado — the report is being studied o is under consideration
están estudiando la posibilidad de convocar una huelga — they are looking into the possibility of calling a strike, they are considering calling a strike
2. VI1) (=aprender) to studytienes que estudiar más — you have to work o study harder
me tengo que ir a estudiar ahora — I must go and do some work o studying now
2) (=cursar estudios) to study* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) < asignatura> to studyestudia música — he's studying music; ( en la universidad) to study, read (frml)
estudia medicina — she's studying o doing o reading medicine
¿qué carrera estudió? — what subject did he do at college/university?
b) < instrumento> to learn2) <lección/tablas> to learn3) ( observar) <rostro/comportamiento> to study4) (considerar, analizar) <mercado/situación/proyecto> to study; < propuesta> to study, consider2.estudiar vi to study3.tengo que estudiar para el examen — I have to do some work o studying for the test
estudiarse v pronb) (recípr) ( observarse)* * *= analyse [analyze, -USA], envisage, examine, explore, look, look at, look into, ponder (over/on/upon), present + discussion, study, survey, think out, weigh, work on, get into, see about, observe, weigh up, look toward(s), review, work through, probe.Ex. With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.Ex. It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.Ex. The article 'Home schoolers: a forgotten clientele?' examines ways in which the library can support parents and children in the home schooling situation.Ex. Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.Ex. This chapter takes the opportunity to look at an assortment of other aspects of bibliographic description.Ex. This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.Ex. The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.Ex. If we instruct it to ponder this question more leisurely, it will quickly try the user's patience with digressions concerning the less illustrious senior MOZART, LEOPOLD.Ex. This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.Ex. Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.Ex. Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.Ex. Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.Ex. I've been working on next year's budget, and it would be fair to add eight percent to materials and salaries.Ex. 'But didn't you say that one of the reasons you wanted to leave was because you were tired of macramËéË and wanted to get into computers?'.Ex. The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.Ex. 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.Ex. The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.Ex. Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.Ex. There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex. The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.----* al estudiar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.* estudiar Algo = be under consideration.* estudiar alternativas = explore + alternative.* estudiar desde una perspectiva = see through.* estudiar detenidamente = take + a hard look at, take + a long hard look at, go through, be carefully considered, think through.* estudiar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.* estudiar en detalle = study + at length.* estudiar en el extranjero = study abroad, study + abroad.* estudiar en una Universidad = attend + Universidad.* estudiar hasta muy tarde = burn + the midnight oil.* estudiar la evolución histórica de Algo = historicise [historicize, -USA].* estudiar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.* estudiar la posibilidad = explore + the possibility.* estudiar minuciosamente = study + in great depth, pore.* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.* estudiar una necesidad = analyse + need.* estudiar una posibilidad = explore + idea.* estudiar una Titulación = work toward/on + Titulación.* estudiar un tema = pursue + subject.* merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) < asignatura> to studyestudia música — he's studying music; ( en la universidad) to study, read (frml)
estudia medicina — she's studying o doing o reading medicine
¿qué carrera estudió? — what subject did he do at college/university?
b) < instrumento> to learn2) <lección/tablas> to learn3) ( observar) <rostro/comportamiento> to study4) (considerar, analizar) <mercado/situación/proyecto> to study; < propuesta> to study, consider2.estudiar vi to study3.tengo que estudiar para el examen — I have to do some work o studying for the test
estudiarse v pronb) (recípr) ( observarse)* * *= analyse [analyze, -USA], envisage, examine, explore, look, look at, look into, ponder (over/on/upon), present + discussion, study, survey, think out, weigh, work on, get into, see about, observe, weigh up, look toward(s), review, work through, probe.Ex: With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.
Ex: It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.Ex: The article 'Home schoolers: a forgotten clientele?' examines ways in which the library can support parents and children in the home schooling situation.Ex: Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.Ex: This chapter takes the opportunity to look at an assortment of other aspects of bibliographic description.Ex: This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.Ex: The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.Ex: If we instruct it to ponder this question more leisurely, it will quickly try the user's patience with digressions concerning the less illustrious senior MOZART, LEOPOLD.Ex: This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.Ex: Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.Ex: Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.Ex: Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.Ex: I've been working on next year's budget, and it would be fair to add eight percent to materials and salaries.Ex: 'But didn't you say that one of the reasons you wanted to leave was because you were tired of macramËéË and wanted to get into computers?'.Ex: The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.Ex: 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.Ex: The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.Ex: Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.Ex: There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex: The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.* al estudiar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.* estudiar Algo = be under consideration.* estudiar alternativas = explore + alternative.* estudiar desde una perspectiva = see through.* estudiar detenidamente = take + a hard look at, take + a long hard look at, go through, be carefully considered, think through.* estudiar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.* estudiar en detalle = study + at length.* estudiar en el extranjero = study abroad, study + abroad.* estudiar en una Universidad = attend + Universidad.* estudiar hasta muy tarde = burn + the midnight oil.* estudiar la evolución histórica de Algo = historicise [historicize, -USA].* estudiar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.* estudiar la posibilidad = explore + the possibility.* estudiar minuciosamente = study + in great depth, pore.* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.* estudiar una necesidad = analyse + need.* estudiar una posibilidad = explore + idea.* estudiar una Titulación = work toward/on + Titulación.* estudiar un tema = pursue + subject.* merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.* * *estudiar [A1 ]vtA1 ‹asignatura› to study; (en la universidad) to study, read ( frml)estudiaba inglés en una academia I used to study English at a language schoolestudia medicina en la universidad de Salamanca she's studying o doing o reading medicine at Salamanca university¿qué carrera estudió? what subject did he do at college/university?, what did he study at college/university?, what (subject) did he take his degree in?2 ( Mús) ‹instrumento› to learnB ‹lección/tablas› to learnme tengo que poner a estudiar geografía para el examen I have to get down to studying o ( AmE) reviewing o ( BrE) revising geography for the testC (observar) to studyestudia el comportamiento de las aves he studies the behavior of birdsme di cuenta de que me estaba estudiando I realized that he was observing o watching o studying meD (considerar, analizar) ‹mercado/situación/proyecto› to study; ‹propuesta› to study, considerestán estudiando los pasos a seguir they're considering what steps to takeestudiaron las posibles causas del accidente they looked into the possible causes of the accident■ estudiarvito studyeste fin de semana tengo que estudiar para el examen this weekend I have to do some work o studying for the test o I have to review ( AmE) o ( BrE) revise for the testestudia en un colegio privado he goes to a private schoola ver si este año estudias más I hope you're going to work harder this yeartuvo que dejar de estudiar a los 15 años para ayudar a su madre she had to leave school at 15 to help her motherestudiar PARA algo to study to be sthestudia para economista she's studying to be an economistno come nada, está estudiando para fideo ( hum); she doesn't eat a thing, she's in training for the slimming olympics ( hum)1 ( enf) ‹lección› to studyse estudió el papel en una tarde he learned his part in an afternoon2 ( recípr)(observarse): los dos niños se estudiaron largo rato the two children watched each other closely for a long time* * *
estudiar ( conjugate estudiar) verbo transitivo
1
( en la universidad) to study, read (frml);◊ ¿qué carrera estudió? what subject did he do at college/university?
2 ( observar) ‹rostro/comportamiento› to study
3 (considerar, analizar) ‹mercado/situación/proyecto› to study;
‹ propuesta› to study, consider;
‹ causas› to look into, investigate
verbo intransitivo
to study;
debes estudiar más you must work harder;
dejó de estudiar a los 15 años she left school at 15;
estudiar para algo to study to be sth
estudiarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ‹ lección› to study;
‹ papel› to learn
estudiar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to study: estudia para abogado, she's studying to become a lawyer ➣ Ver nota en study
' estudiar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
base
- chapar
- concentrarse
- cursar
- empollar
- investigar
- machacar
- mamarrachada
- repasar
- servir
- trabajar
- valer
- chancar
- duro
- empeño
- empezar
- firme
- fuerza
- haber
- hacer
- ir
- junto
- más
- matar
- tener
- tragar
- ver
English:
award
- bar
- burn
- consideration
- do
- hard
- investigate
- pore
- read
- read up
- resolve
- school
- stop
- study
- text
- think out
- train
- whatever
- work
- day
- depth
- examine
- further
- get
- kick
- look
- research
- review
- swot
- take
* * *♦ vt1. [carrera, asignatura, lección] to study;estudia biológicas he's studying biology;tengo que estudiar más inglés I've got to work at my English;¿qué estudiaste en la universidad? what did you study at university?2. [asunto] to study;[oferta, propuesta] to study, to consider;después de estudiar tu propuesta he decidido no aceptarla having considered your proposal, I've decided not to accept it;lo estudiaré y mañana te doy una respuesta I'll consider it and get back to you tomorrow;el gobierno estudia la posibilidad de subir las pensiones the government is studying the possibility of raising pensions3. [observar] to observe;estuvo estudiándonos durante un rato he stayed watching us for a while;desde allí podía estudiar todos los movimientos del animal from there I could observe all the animal's movements♦ vito study;estudia todas las tardes he spends every afternoon studying;no puede salir, tiene que estudiar she can't come out, she's got to study;hay que estudiar más, González you'll have to work harder, González;estudió con el Presidente he went to school/university with the President;dejó de estudiar a los quince años he left school at fifteen;estudié en los jesuitas I went to a Jesuit school;estudia en la Universidad Centroamericana he's a student o he's studying at the University of Central America;estudiar para médico to be studying to be a doctor;¿estudias o trabajas? do you work or are you still at school?;Esp Hum ≈ do you come here often?* * *v/t & v/i study* * *estudiar v: to study* * *Si se estudia un idioma o un instrumento musical, se dice learn -
91 Consciousness
Consciousness is what makes the mind-body problem really intractable.... Without consciousness the mind-body problem would be much less interesting. With consciousness it seems hopeless. (T. Nagel, 1979, pp. 165-166)This approach to understanding sensory qualia is both theoretically and empirically motivated... [;] it suggests an effective means of expressing the allegedly inexpressible. The "ineffable" pink of one's current visual sensation may be richly and precisely expressed as a 95Hz/80Hz/80Hz "chord" in the relevant triune cortical system. The "unconveyable" taste sensation produced by the fabled Australian health tonic Vegamite might be poignantly conveyed as a 85/80/90/15 "chord" in one's four channeled gustatory system.... And the "indescribably" olfactory sensation produced by a newly opened rose might be quite accurately described as a 95/35/10/80/60/55 "chord" in some six-dimensional space within one's olfactory bulb. (P. M. Churchland, 1989, p. 106)One of philosophy's favorite facets of mentality has received scant attention from cognitive psychologists, and that is consciousness itself: fullblown, introspective, inner-world phenomenological consciousness. In fact if one looks in the obvious places... one finds not so much a lack of interest as a deliberate and adroit avoidance of the issue. I think I know why. Consciousness appears to be the last bastion of occult properties, epiphenomena, and immeasurable subjective states-in short, the one area of mind best left to the philosophers, who are welcome to it. Let them make fools of themselves trying to corral the quicksilver of "phenomenology" into a respectable theory. (Dennett, 1978b, p. 149)When I am thinking about anything, my consciousness consists of a number of ideas.... But every idea can be resolved into elements... and these elements are sensations. (Titchener, 1910, p. 33)A Darwin machine now provides a framework for thinking about thought, indeed one that may be a reasonable first approximation to the actual brain machinery underlying thought. An intracerebral Darwin Machine need not try out one sequence at a time against memory; it may be able to try out dozens, if not hundreds, simultaneously, shape up new generations in milliseconds, and thus initiate insightful actions without overt trial and error. This massively parallel selection among stochastic sequences is more analogous to the ways of darwinian biology than to the "von Neumann" serial computer. Which is why I call it a Darwin Machine instead; it shapes up thoughts in milliseconds rather than millennia, and uses innocuous remembered environments rather than noxious real-life ones. It may well create the uniquely human aspect of our consciousness. (Calvin, 1990, pp. 261-262)To suppose the mind to exist in two different states, in the same moment, is a manifest absurdity. To the whole series of states of the mind, then, whatever the individual, momentary successive states may be, I give the name of our consciousness.... There are not sensations, thoughts, passions, and also consciousness, any more than there is quadruped or animal, as a separate being to be added to the wolves, tygers, elephants, and other living creatures.... The fallacy of conceiving consciousness to be something different from the feeling, which is said to be its object, has arisen, in a great measure, from the use of the personal pronoun I. (T. Brown, 1970, p. 336)The human capacity for speech is certainly unique. But the gulf between it and the behavior of animals no longer seems unbridgeable.... What does this leave us with, then, which is characteristically human?.... t resides in the human capacity for consciousness and self-consciousness. (Rose, 1976, p. 177)[Human consciousness] depends wholly on our seeing the outside world in such categories. And the problems of consciousness arise from putting reconstitution beside internalization, from our also being able to see ourselves as if we were objects in the outside world. That is in the very nature of language; it is impossible to have a symbolic system without it.... The Cartesian dualism between mind and body arises directly from this, and so do all the famous paradoxes, both in mathematics and in linguistics.... (Bronowski, 1978, pp. 38-39)It seems to me that there are at least four different viewpoints-or extremes of viewpoint-that one may reasonably hold on the matter [of computation and conscious thinking]:A. All thinking is computation; in particular, feelings of conscious awareness are evoked merely by the carrying out of appropriate computations.B. Awareness is a feature of the brain's physical action; and whereas any physical action can be simulated computationally, computational simulation cannot by itself evoke awareness.C. Appropriate physical action of the brain evokes awareness, but this physical action cannot even be properly simulated computationally.D. Awareness cannot be explained by physical, computational, or any other scientific terms. (Penrose, 1994, p. 12)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Consciousness
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92 Intelligence
There is no mystery about it: the child who is familiar with books, ideas, conversation-the ways and means of the intellectual life-before he begins school, indeed, before he begins consciously to think, has a marked advantage. He is at home in the House of intellect just as the stableboy is at home among horses, or the child of actors on the stage. (Barzun, 1959, p. 142)It is... no exaggeration to say that sensory-motor intelligence is limited to desiring success or practical adaptation, whereas the function of verbal or conceptual thought is to know and state truth. (Piaget, 1954, p. 359)ntelligence has two parts, which we shall call the epistemological and the heuristic. The epistemological part is the representation of the world in such a form that the solution of problems follows from the facts expressed in the representation. The heuristic part is the mechanism that on the basis of the information solves the problem and decides what to do. (McCarthy & Hayes, 1969, p. 466)Many scientists implicitly assume that, among all animals, the behavior and intelligence of nonhuman primates are most like our own. Nonhuman primates have relatively larger brains and proportionally more neocortex than other species... and it now seems likely that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 to 7 million years ago.... This assumption about the unique status of primate intelligence is, however, just that: an assumption. The relations between intelligence and measures of brain size is poorly understood, and evolutionary affinity does not always ensure behavioral similarity. Moreover, the view that nonhuman primates are the animals most like ourselves coexists uneasily in our minds with the equally pervasive view that primates differ fundamentally from us because they lack language; lacking language, they also lack many of the capacities necessary for reasoning and abstract thought. (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, p. 4)Few constructs are asked to serve as many functions in psychology as is the construct of human intelligence.... Consider four of the main functions addressed in theory and research on intelligence, and how they differ from one another.1. Biological. This type of account looks at biological processes. To qualify as a useful biological construct, intelligence should be a biochemical or biophysical process or at least somehow a resultant of biochemical or biophysical processes.2. Cognitive approaches. This type of account looks at molar cognitive representations and processes. To qualify as a useful mental construct, intelligence should be specifiable as a set of mental representations and processes that are identifiable through experimental, mathematical, or computational means.3. Contextual approaches. To qualify as a useful contextual construct, intelligence should be a source of individual differences in accomplishments in "real-world" performances. It is not enough just to account for performance in the laboratory. On [sic] the contextual view, what a person does in the lab may not even remotely resemble what the person would do outside it. Moreover, different cultures may have different conceptions of intelligence, which affect what would count as intelligent in one cultural context versus another.4. Systems approaches. Systems approaches attempt to understand intelligence through the interaction of cognition with context. They attempt to establish a link between the two levels of analysis, and to analyze what forms this link takes. (Sternberg, 1994, pp. 263-264)High but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degrees of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence. (Cox, 1926, p. 187)There are no definitive criteria of intelligence, just as there are none for chairness; it is a fuzzy-edged concept to which many features are relevant. Two people may both be quite intelligent and yet have very few traits in common-they resemble the prototype along different dimensions.... [Intelligence] is a resemblance between two individuals, one real and the other prototypical. (Neisser, 1979, p. 185)Given the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the differential and information-processing approaches, it should be possible, at least in theory, to synthesise an approach that would capitalise upon the strength of each approach, and thereby share the weakness of neither. (Sternberg, 1977, p. 65)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Intelligence
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93 рассматривать
(= рассмотреть, обсуждать) examine, consider, discuss, regard, analyze, be concerned with, deal with, inspect, give consideration to, review, look upon, treat• Более детально мы рассматриваем эту концепцию во втором параграфе. - We consider this concept in greater detail in Section 2.• Будет полезно рассмотреть эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения. - It will be useful to consider this situation more generally.• Будет полезно снова рассмотреть... - It will be useful to reconsider...• В данной главе мы будем рассматривать лишь... - In this chapter we shall be concerned only with...• В данный момент имеет смысл рассмотреть более глубоко... - At this point, it is worthwhile to go more deeply into...• В значительно более общем виде мы можем рассмотреть... - Much more generally, we may consider...• В качестве дополнительной иллюстрации рассмотрим случай... - As an additional illustration, consider the case of...• В качестве последнего примера в этой главе рассмотрим... - As a final example in this chapter we consider...• В качестве примера рассмотрим теперь... - By way of example, let us now consider...• В качестве частного примера рассмотрим следующий. - As a particular example take the following.• В первом приближении мы можем рассматривать... - То a first approximation we may regard...• В следующих четырех главах мы будем рассматривать исключительно... - In the next four chapters we shall be concerned exclusively with...• В том же ключе мы рассмотрим... - In this spirit we consider...• В целом, наименее запутывающим решением кажется рассмотрение... - On the whole it seems least confusing to regard...• В этой главе мы рассматриваем различные случаи... - In this chapter we consider various cases of...• Во многих инженерных приложениях необходимо рассматривать... - In many engineering applications, it is necessary to consider...• Вскоре мы рассмотрим ряд приложений. - We will soon consider a number of applications.• Давайте рассмотрим более детально способ, которым... - Let us consider in more detail the manner in which...•. Давайте рассмотрим более легкий способ нахождения... - Let us pursue the easier course of finding...• Давайте рассмотрим детально... - Let us look in detail at...• Давайте рассмотрим заново наше заключение, что... - Let us reconsider our conclusion that...• Давайте рассмотрим некоторые частные случаи... - Let us look at some particular cases of...• Давайте рассмотрим этот вопрос, используя специальные примеры. - Let us approach this question by means of specific examples.• Давайте тщательно рассмотрим... - Let us carefully inspect...• Далее, мы кратко рассматриваем случаи, когда... - Further, we briefly treat cases in which...• Для простоты давайте рассмотрим... - For the sake of simplicity, let us consider...• До сих пор мы рассматривали лишь случаи, когда... - So far we have considered only cases in which...• Достаточно много исследователей рассматривали эффект... - Quite a few investigators have considered the effect of...• Другое приближение получается, когда мы рассматриваем... - Another approximation is obtained by regarding...• Имеется очевидная необходимость в том, чтобы рассмотреть... - There is an obvious need to consider...• Кратко рассмотрим... - We briefly review/consider...; Let us take a brief look at...; Let us briefly run through...• Можно было бы продолжить и рассмотреть... - One could proceed further and consider...• Мы будем рассматривать четыре типа... - We will consider four types of...• Мы до сих пор не рассматривали случай, когда... - We still have not dealt with the case in which...• Мы не будем рассматривать этот сложный вопрос. -We shall not enter into this complicated question.• Мы рассматриваем данную книгу как лучший источник относительно... - We regard this book as the best source for...• Мы рассматриваем каждый из этих двух случаев отдельно. - We consider these two cases separately.• Мы рассматриваем поведение... - We consider the behavior of...• Мы рассмотрим эти вопросы позднее. - We shall deal with these matters later.• На самом деле для настоящих целей достаточно рассмотреть... - In fact it is sufficient for the present purpose to consider...• На самом деле, мы сейчас рассматриваем... - In effect, we are now considering...• Нам особенно интересно рассмотреть... - It will be of particular interest to us to consider...• Не много исследователей рассматривали эффект... - Few investigators have considered the effect of...• Некоторые авторитетные авторы, следовательно, предпочитают рассматривать... - Some authorities, therefore, prefer to consider...• Необходимо рассмотреть эту проблему в некоторых деталях. - It is necessary to consider this problem in some detail.• Несколько исследователей рассматривали эффект... - A few/several investigators have considered the effect of...• Нет необходимости рассматривать эти процессы. - These processes need not be considered.• Новое свойство возникает, когда мы рассматриваем... - A new feature appears when we consider...• Однако более продуктивно рассмотреть... - It is, however, more fruitful to consider...• Однако давайте рассмотрим еще раз... - But let us reconsider...• Однако если (же) мы рассмотрим происходящее более подробно, то увидим, что... - If we consider what happens more carefully, however, we can see that...• Однако здесь мы рассматриваем... - We are concerned here, however, with...• Однако многие учебники не рассматривают... - However, many textbooks do not treat...• Однако мы рассматриваем здесь лишь... - However, we are concerned here only with...• Однако необходимо рассмотреть некоторое число усложняющих (ситуацию) факторов. - A number of complicating factors must, however, be considered.• Однако очень часто мы должны рассматривать... - But very often we have to consider...• Однако сейчас мы можем рассмотреть... - For the present, however, we can consider...• Остается рассмотреть вопрос о... - It remains to take up the question of...• Остается рассмотреть случай, когда... - It remains now to deal with the case when...• Остается рассмотреть факт... - It remains to consider the fact that...• Перед тем как начать более детальное изучение..., полезно рассмотреть... - Before beginning a more detailed study of..., it is helpful to consider...• Подобная ситуация возникает (каждый раз), когда мы рассматриваем... - A similar situation will arise when we discuss...• Полезно сейчас отвлечься и рассмотреть... - It is useful to digress here and consider...• Поучительно рассмотреть эти результаты с точки зрения... - It is instructive to consider these results from the standpoint of...• Предпочтительнее, если мы рассмотрим... - We direct our attention, rather, to...• Прежде чем рассматривать задачу, удобно напомнить, что... - Before considering the problem it will be convenient to recall...• Прежде чем рассматривать их подробно, следует заметить, что... - Before considering these in detail, it should be mentioned that...• Прервемся на минуту, чтобы рассмотреть(= проверить)... - Let us take a moment to examine...• При изучении этих систем важно рассмотреть... - In studying these systems, it is important to consider...• Проблема, которую мы обязаны позднее рассмотреть, чтобы применять данную идею, состоит в том, что... - A problem that we must eventually face in making use of this concept is...• Рассмотрим более тщательно значение... - Let us consider more closely the significance of...• Рассмотрим два свойства... - Let us consider two properties of...• Рассмотрим кратко... - Let us briefly consider...• Рассмотрим некоторые важные сведения относительно... - Let us review some important facts regarding...• Рассмотрим сначала вопрос о... - Let us first consider the question of...• Рассмотрим теперь использование... - Consider now the use of...• Рассмотрим численный пример. - Let us take a numerical example.• Рассмотрим этот вопрос несколько ниже. - We consider this question a little further.• С тем же успехом мы могли бы рассмотреть... - We might equally well have considered...• Сейчас мы будем рассматривать... - We shall presently consider...; At present we shall consider...• Сейчас нам будет достаточно рассмотреть случай, когда... - It will be sufficient for the present to consider the case where...• Следовательно, мы не будем рассматривать... - We shall therefore not deal with...• Следует рассмотреть... - Consideration should be given to...• Следующий шаг состоит в том, чтобы рассмотреть... - The next step is to consider...• Сначала мы рассматриваем случай... - We first deal with the case of...• Сначала рассмотрим (один) пример. - First we consider an example.• Таким образом, нет необходимости рассматривать... - Thus it is unnecessary to treat...• Тем не менее, интересно кратко рассмотреть (вопрос и т. п.)... - Nevertheless, it is interesting to look briefly at...• Теперь мы будем рассматривать (один) способ удалить эти ограничения, наложенные на f(x). - We shall now consider a procedure for removing these restrictions on• Теперь мы рассмотрим несколько фундаментальных принципов... - We now turn to several fundamental principles...• Теперь мы рассмотрим эффект... - We consider now the effect of...• Теперь рассмотрим, действительно ли возможно (установить "т. п.)... - Let us now consider whether it is possible to...• Теперь удобно рассмотреть... - It is convenient now to consider...• Чтобы ответить на этот вопрос, нам надо более детально рассмотреть... - То answer this question we need to look more closely at...• Чтобы понять это, достаточно рассмотреть... - То see this, it suffices to consider...• Чтобы продемонстрировать эту концепцию, мы, во-первых, рассмотрим... - То demonstrate this concept we consider, first,...• Чтобы рассмотреть общий случай, давайте... - То deal with the general case, let...• Чтобы рассмотреть это более детально, давайте... - То see this in greater detail, let us...• Чтобы рассмотреть этот случай, мы... - То cover this case, we...• Чтобы расширить нашу область приложений, мы теперь рассмотрим... - То broaden our scope of applications we now consider...• Это склоняет к тому, чтобы рассматривать (5) как... - It is tempting to regard (5) as...• Это становится понятным, если мы рассмотрим... - This becomes clear on consideration of... -
94 ἀρέσκω
ἀρέσκω impf. ἤρεσκον; fut. ἀρέσω; 1 aor. ἤρεσα. Mid. impf. ἠρέσκετο (Tat. 2, 1) (s. ἀρεσκεία; Hom.+). In Gk. lit. ἀ. is used in a variety of senses ranging from conciliatory action (s. Od. 22, 55, of satisfaction pledged to Odysseus) to undertaking of civic responsibility that meets with public approval (s. 2 below). Most oft. w. dat. of pers.① to act in a fawning manner, win favor, please, flatter, w. focus on the winning of approval (Aristot., EN 2, 7, 13; 4, 6, 1; Theophr., Char. 5 [e.g. in a dispute the flatterer endeavors to please friend and foe alike; and he will tell foreigners that they speak with greater sense of justice than do his fellow citizens]. That the original sense of basic civility in human relations [s. 2a below] suffered debasement is affirmed by Anaxandrides Com., cited Athen. 6, 255b: τὸ γαρ κολακεύειν νῦν ἀρέσκειν ὄνομʼ ἔχει ‘flattery’ is now called ‘being accommodating’; s. ἀνθρωπαρεσκέω, ἀνθρωπάρεσκος) ἀνθρώποις (Pla., Ep. 4, 321b; Simplicius in Epict. p. 118, 30 ἀρέσκειν ἀνθρώποις βουλόμενος) Gal 1:10ab (conative impf.); 1 Th 2:4 here in both a neg. and a positive sense: ‘flattering’ humans, but ‘pleasing’ God (in the sense of 2 below), who tests (δοκιμάζω) for motivation.② to give pleasure/satisfaction, please, accommodate.ⓐ a favored term in the reciprocity-conscious Mediterranean world, and frequently used in honorary documents to express interest in accommodating others by meeting their needs or carrying out important obligations. Oft. almost serve Nägeli 40. The use of the term in a good sense in our lit. contributes a tone of special worth and diginity to some of the relationships that are depicted. τινί someone τῷ πλησίον Ro 15:2 (w. τὸ ἀγαθόν and οἰκοδομή as decisive semantic components); cp. Hs 5, 2, 7 a servant doing good work. Lord/God ἀ. τ. κυρίῳ 1 Cor 7:32; 1 Th 4:1; inability to do so Ro 8:8; cp. 1 Th 2:15; rather than humans 1 Th 2:4 (s. 1 above); IRo 2:1 (note the semantic problem cited 1 above). God/Lord as commander (military imagery) IPol 6:2; cp. 2 Ti 2:4.—Concern for a broad public is a common theme in honorary documents (e.g. OGI 339, 29f; s. Danker, Benefactor 336f) and other lit. (cp. Demosth., Ep. 3, 27 πᾶσιν ἀ.; Ath. 26:1 τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀρέσκοντες θεοί) πάντα πᾶσιν ἀ. in everything I endeavor to please all, i.e. without deference to one at the expense of another, 1 Cor 10:33 (w. σύμφορον, q.v., along w. συμφέρω, for cultural significance); sim. κατὰ πάντα τρόπον πᾶσιν ἀ. ITr 2:3. (Cp. the negative appraisal 1 Th 2:15.)—Sacrifice of self-interest is a major component of the foregoing theme, hence the caution μὴ ἑαυτῷ ἀ. Ro 15:1, and the exhibition of Jesus as role model vs. 3; cp. 2 Cl 13:1 (w. ἀνθρωπάρεσκος s. 1 above); Hs 9, 22, 1; in a marriage relationship, wife or husband ἀ. τ. γυναικί 1 Cor 7:33; ἀ. τ. ἄνδρι vs. 34.ⓑ of pleasure (without any suggestion of mere amusement) as a condition generated by an action (cp. POxy 1153, 25 ἐὰν αὐτῷ ἀρέσκῃ; PGiss 20, 15). A fine line cannot always be drawn between a focus on endeavor to please and focus on the impact of pleasure produced by the activity. Some of the pass. cited in 2a may equally belong here and some of those included here could be cited above. But the gener. sense in those that follow is satisfaction produced by the behavior of another please God ἀ. θεῷ (Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 344 Jac. τ. θεοῖς ἀ. here the concern is to meet divine expectations; Num 23:27; Ps 68:32; Mal 3:4; Jos., Ant. 6, 164; 13, 289) Ro 8:8; 1 Th 2:15; cp. Hs 5, 2, 7; ἀ. τ. κυρίῳ 1 Cor 7:32 (on these four last pass. s. also a above); 1 Cl 52, 2 (Ps 68, 32); wife/husband 1 Cor 7:33f (s. a above); 2 Ti 2:4; Herod Mt 14:6; Mk 6:22. W. focus on someth. that provides pleasure (Ael. Aristid. 46, 380 D.: θεοῖς ἀρέσκοντα) Hv 1, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 6. ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐνώπιον (for בְּעֵינֵי or לִפְנֵי) τοῦ πλήθους (= τῷ πλήθει) the saying pleased the whole group (cp. 2 Ch 30:4; 1 Macc 6:60; 8:21; Jos., Vi. 238) Ac 6:5 (B-D-F §4, p. 4, 5; 187, 2; 214, 6).—Salome, daughter of Herodias, pleases Herod and his company, and in keeping w. Mediterranean reciprocity system receives her award, in this instance a grisly one Mt 14:6; Mk 6:22.—Implied, i.e. impers. (Philo, Aet. M. 87; Jos., Ant. 14, 205; 207) ἀρέσκει μοι it pleases me (=mihi placet) w. inf. foll. (Hdt. 8, 19; Josh 24:15; 1 Macc 14:23; 15:19; Jos., Ant. 14, 352) Hm 6, 1, 5.—B. 1099. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
95 координация (контакторов и пускателей) с устройствами защиты от короткого замыкания
координация (контакторов и пускателей) с устройствами защиты от короткого замыкания
-7.2.5 Координация с аппаратами защиты от коротких замыканий
7.2.5.1 Работоспособность в условиях короткого замыкания (номинальный условный ток короткого замыкания)
... Допускается координация двух типов — 1 или 2....
Координация типа 1 требует, чтобы в условиях короткого замыкания контактор или пускатель не создавали опасности для людей или оборудования, хотя они могут оказаться непригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации без ремонта и замены частей.
Координация типа 2 требует, чтобы в условиях короткого замыкания контактор или пускатель не создавали опасности для людей или оборудования и оставались пригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации. Возможность сваривания контактов допускается, и в этом случае изготовитель должен рекомендовать меры по обслуживанию аппаратов.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030.4.1-2002 (МЭК 60947-4-1-2000)]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Co-ordination type 1 and type 2
The co-ordination typologies admitted by the Standard with reference to the behavior of the protection device against short-circuit towards the starter components are classified as “type 1” and “type 2”.
Under short-circuit conditions, the coordination of type “1” allows the contactor and the overload relay to be damaged; as a consequence they could not be able to operate without repairing or replacement of parts.
However, the Standard prescribes that these devices do not cause damages to people or installations, for example with parts of the components ejected outside the enclosure.
Under short-circuit conditions, the coordination of type “2” allows the risk of contact welding, provided that the contacts themselves can be easily separated (for example through a screwdriver) without important deformations.
This type of coordination requires that the contactor or the starter do not cause damages to people or installation and that they are able to resume operation after restoring of the standard conditions.
From the definition of the two coordination typologies it is possible to deduce how “type 1” coordination permits the use of devices of lower sizes, thus with an initial cost saving and reduced dimensions, but to the disadvantage of a high safety and however with subsequent costs for maintenance and replacement in case of faults.
“Type 2” coordination meets higher safety requirements and the possible greater initial cost can be amortized considering that, in case of fault, the switching and protection equipment could start operating again without being replaced.
[ABB]Координация типа 1 и 2 с аппаратами защиты от коротких замыканий
Стандарт определяет два типа координации компонентов пускателя с аппаратами защиты от короткого замыкания: тип 1 и тип 2.
Координация типа 1. В условиях короткого замыкания допускается повреждение контактора и теплового реле, в результате чего они могут оказаться непригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации без ремонта и замены частей. При этом данные устройства не должны создавать опасности для людей и оборудования, например, вследствие вылета частей пускателя из оболочки.
Координация типа 2. В условиях короткого замыкания допускает сваривание контактов при условии, что они могут быть легко разъединены (например, отверткой) без заметной деформации. Контактор и тепловое реле не должны создавать опасности для людей и оборудования и должны оставаться пригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации после восстановления нормальных условий.
Из определения двух типов координации можно сделать вывод, что координация типа 1 позволяет использовать устройства, рассчитанные на меньшие рабочие токи, обеспечивая таким образом экономию на первоначальных затратах и сокращение размеров устройств, но снижая при этом уровень безопасности и приводя впоследствии к расходам на техническое обслуживание и замену в случае возникновения неисправности.
Координация типа 2 отвечает более высоким требованиям безопасности и имеет большие первоначальные расходы, которые могут быть компенсированы тем, что в случае возникновения неисправности эксплуатация коммутационных и защитных аппаратов может быть продолжена без замены их частей.
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > координация (контакторов и пускателей) с устройствами защиты от короткого замыкания
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96 co-ordination
- координация (контакторов и пускателей) с устройствами защиты от короткого замыкания
координация (контакторов и пускателей) с устройствами защиты от короткого замыкания
-7.2.5 Координация с аппаратами защиты от коротких замыканий
7.2.5.1 Работоспособность в условиях короткого замыкания (номинальный условный ток короткого замыкания)
... Допускается координация двух типов — 1 или 2....
Координация типа 1 требует, чтобы в условиях короткого замыкания контактор или пускатель не создавали опасности для людей или оборудования, хотя они могут оказаться непригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации без ремонта и замены частей.
Координация типа 2 требует, чтобы в условиях короткого замыкания контактор или пускатель не создавали опасности для людей или оборудования и оставались пригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации. Возможность сваривания контактов допускается, и в этом случае изготовитель должен рекомендовать меры по обслуживанию аппаратов.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030.4.1-2002 (МЭК 60947-4-1-2000)]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Co-ordination type 1 and type 2
The co-ordination typologies admitted by the Standard with reference to the behavior of the protection device against short-circuit towards the starter components are classified as “type 1” and “type 2”.
Under short-circuit conditions, the coordination of type “1” allows the contactor and the overload relay to be damaged; as a consequence they could not be able to operate without repairing or replacement of parts.
However, the Standard prescribes that these devices do not cause damages to people or installations, for example with parts of the components ejected outside the enclosure.
Under short-circuit conditions, the coordination of type “2” allows the risk of contact welding, provided that the contacts themselves can be easily separated (for example through a screwdriver) without important deformations.
This type of coordination requires that the contactor or the starter do not cause damages to people or installation and that they are able to resume operation after restoring of the standard conditions.
From the definition of the two coordination typologies it is possible to deduce how “type 1” coordination permits the use of devices of lower sizes, thus with an initial cost saving and reduced dimensions, but to the disadvantage of a high safety and however with subsequent costs for maintenance and replacement in case of faults.
“Type 2” coordination meets higher safety requirements and the possible greater initial cost can be amortized considering that, in case of fault, the switching and protection equipment could start operating again without being replaced.
[ABB]Координация типа 1 и 2 с аппаратами защиты от коротких замыканий
Стандарт определяет два типа координации компонентов пускателя с аппаратами защиты от короткого замыкания: тип 1 и тип 2.
Координация типа 1. В условиях короткого замыкания допускается повреждение контактора и теплового реле, в результате чего они могут оказаться непригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации без ремонта и замены частей. При этом данные устройства не должны создавать опасности для людей и оборудования, например, вследствие вылета частей пускателя из оболочки.
Координация типа 2. В условиях короткого замыкания допускает сваривание контактов при условии, что они могут быть легко разъединены (например, отверткой) без заметной деформации. Контактор и тепловое реле не должны создавать опасности для людей и оборудования и должны оставаться пригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации после восстановления нормальных условий.
Из определения двух типов координации можно сделать вывод, что координация типа 1 позволяет использовать устройства, рассчитанные на меньшие рабочие токи, обеспечивая таким образом экономию на первоначальных затратах и сокращение размеров устройств, но снижая при этом уровень безопасности и приводя впоследствии к расходам на техническое обслуживание и замену в случае возникновения неисправности.
Координация типа 2 отвечает более высоким требованиям безопасности и имеет большие первоначальные расходы, которые могут быть компенсированы тем, что в случае возникновения неисправности эксплуатация коммутационных и защитных аппаратов может быть продолжена без замены их частей.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > co-ordination
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97 концепция
(см. также идея) concept, idea, conception• Более детально мы рассматриваем эту концепцию во втором параграфе. - We consider this concept in greater detail in Section 2.• Важно, чтобы мы умели применять концепцию... - It is important that we be able to apply the concept of...• Введенные в этой главе концепции подведут нас ближе к... - The ideas introduced in this chapter will bring us closer to...• Вместо этого предпочтительнее сохранить концепцию, что... - Instead, it is better to retain the concept that...• Данная концепция была независимо сформулирована Смитом [1]. - This concept was formulated independently by Smith [1].• Корни этой концепции уходят в древность. - This concept has roots stretching back into antiquity.• Можно иллюстрировать эту концепцию, рассматривая... - This concept can be illustrated by considering...• Мы будем предполагать, что читатель обладает очевидной интуитивной концепцией... - We shall assume that the reader has a clear intuitive idea of...• Мы можем также использовать здесь концепцию... - We may also apply the concept of...• Мы не будем обсуждать детально ни одну из этих концепций, а просто хотим указать, что... - We shall not discuss any of these concepts in detail, but merely wish to point out that...• Необходимо ввести концепцию... - It is necessary to introduce the concept of...• Ниже излагается в общих чертах концепция... - The development below outlines the concept of...• Один из ответов на данный вопрос находится в концепции... - One answer to this question lies in the concept of...• Перед тем как начать использовать эту концепцию, будет честным предупредить читателя, что... - Before we make use of this concept, it is only fair to warn the reader that...• Простейшее доказательство базируется на концепции, что... - The simplest proof rests on the concept of...• Сводка различных концепций приводится в таблице 7. - A summary of the various concepts is given in Table 7.• Теперь мы разовьем некоторые из более простых концепций, которые возникают в/ при... - We now develop a few of the simpler concepts that arise in...• Формализуя эту концепцию, мы скажем, что... - Formalizing this concept, we say that...• Чтобы продемонстрировать эту концепцию, мы, во-первых, рассмотрим... - То demonstrate this concept we consider, first,...• Чтобы сформулировать эту концепцию, мы начинаем (с)... - То obtain this concept, we begin with...• Эта концепция помогает объяснить поведение (чего-л). - This concept is helpful in elucidating the behavior of...• Этим путем можно было бы прийти к концепции... - In this way, one could be led to the concept of...• Это важная концепция, потому что... - This is an important concept because...• Это решающе важная концепция, так как... - This is a crucially important concept since... -
98 данные
. большое количество данных; выборочные данные; детальные данные; значительное количество сведений о; из... можно извлечь некоторые сведения о том, как; информация о; комплект данных; косвенные данные; набор данных; обработка данных; подробные сведения о; результат; результаты исследования; снимать показания•The data on (or for) heating time...
•There is little evidence for the existence of antimonous acid.
•To gather information (or data) on performance...
•Knowing the performance particulars of the vessel concerned (power, speed,revolutions)...
* * *Данные -- data, evidence, results, facts, findings, information; record (отчётные или зарегистрированные)However, our experimental evidence indicates that the complete precipitation does not occur at any isothermal temperature unless the isothermal temperature is at least about 260° C.New facts question the validity of their assumption.Although the behavior of PC shells is not yet well understood, these preliminary findings are encouraging.In addition, the present cylindrical-surface Nusselt numbers will be compared with literature information.The paper covered the role of API standards and the industry's safety record.Данные по (платформе)-- Platform specific data will require input from Jim S.—данные, полученные наРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > данные
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99 с точностью до наоборот
Большинство случаев употребления этой фразы распадаются на две категории – в первой «с точностью до наоборот» предполагает отрицательную оценку чего-либо («ты не прав»), а во второй такая оценка отсутствует.Часто перевод второй категории не представляет особой трудностиСитуация обстоит с точностью до наоборот – The situation is completely/totally different;
все происходит/складывается с точностью до наоборот – what’s (actually) happening is (quite) the reverse/opposite.
Однако есть вещества, которые ведут себя с точностью до наоборот (сайт nsu.ru) – The behavior of some other substances, however, is quite different.
Прогнозы наших политологов сбываются с точностью до наоборот («Комсомольская правда») – In an uncanny way, the predictions of our political scientists always prove totally wrong/are always wide off the mark./ Whatever our political gurus say/predict, you can be pretty sure the opposite will happen.
А когда власть решила вмешаться в экономику, сделала она это, как говорится, с точностью до наоборот… (С. Глазьев) – When the government decided to intervene in the economy, it mishandled it completely.
На наших глазах очевидно прорывная идея налоговой реформы реализована практически с точностью до наоборот («Эксперт») –Before our eyes, the tax reform, which could have produced a real breakthrough, has been mishandled/botched.
Из-за того, что чиновники Министерства по налогам и сборам (МНС) неожиданно начинают трактовать закон с точностью до наоборот, многие компании будут вынуждены переписывать бухучет и платить штрафы. («Ведомости») – здесь можно the officials […] badly misinterpret the law, а можно и apply the law in a way that’s contrary/opposite to its intent.
Второй сет проходил по сценарию первого с точностью до наоборот (Cпб. Ведомости).
В ответной встрече все произошло с точностью до наоборот.— the scenario was reversed/the tables were turned или X turned the tables on Y.
Русско-английский словарь общей лексики > с точностью до наоборот
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100 вербальное представление
В вербальном представлении, напечатанном, вещательном или записанном на магнитофоне, иллюстрации принимают форму визуализации посредством графиков, чертежей и рисунков, включенных в печатный материал или предложенных отдельно (слайды, фильмы). — In a verbal presentation, whether printed, broadcast or recorded, illustration takes the form of visualizing through graphs, drawings, and pictures included in printed matter or offered separately (slides, films).
Можем рассмотреть определение игры непосредственно в терминах стратегий и связанных с ними выигрышей. Второй способ представления игры называется нормальной (или стратегической) формой. — We may think of specifying the game directly in terms of strategies and their associated payoffs. This second way to represent a game is known as the normal (or strategic) form.
Развернутая форма фиксирует, кто и когда делает ход, какие действия может предпринять каждый игрок, что известно игрокам в тот момент, когда они делают ходы, какой исход является функцией действий, предпринятых игроками, а также выигрыши игроков в результате каждого возможного исхода. — The extensive form captures who moves when, what actions each player can take, what players know when they move, what the outcome is a function of the actions taken by the players, and the players' payoffs from each possible outcome.
представление неопределенности на состояниях природы — state of nature representation of uncertainty
представление показателей ценового искажения, количественное — quantification of price distortion
Уравнение (5) дает количественное представление показателей (квантификацию) ценового искажения, но с нормативной точки зрения приемлемой мерой искажения являются потери в общественном благосостоянии. — Equation (5) provides a quantification of price distortion, but from a normative viewpoint the appropriate measure of distortion is the loss of social welfare.
представление полезности, расширенное — extended utility representation
Пригодность расширенного представления полезности в основном является результатом поведения множеств безразличия в окрестности линии денежной определённости - множества случайных переменных, которые в каждом состоянии дают одинаковую сумму. — The usefulness of an extended utility representation is primarily a result of the behavior of the indifference sets around the money certainty line, the set of random variables that pay the same amount in every state.
представление производных, матричное — matrix notation for derivatives
Возможно, самое важное математическое правило сохранения непосредственности учитывает матричное представление. — Perhaps the most important mathematical rule to keep straight regards matrix notation.
В матричном представлении эффекты представляются следующим образом. — In matrix notation, the wealth effects are represented as follows.
В качестве образовательной деятельности представление учебного материала должно вовлекать студентов в интеллектуальную деятельность, которая заставляет их проверять свои идеи, размышлять, сравнивать и применять критический анализ к тому, что они изучают. — As an educational endeavor the presentation of learning matter must engage students in an intellectual activity that makes them try out ideas, reflect, compare and apply critical judgement to what is studied.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > вербальное представление
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