-
41 en un momento dado
= at a given point in time, at any one time, at any given point, at one particular time, at any given time, at any given moment, at a given moment in time, at a given momentEx. It is easy to install appropriate guiding at a given point in time.Ex. Any one document may be required by author, title, subject, form or other characteristics, but this one document can only be grouped according to one of these characteristics at any one time.Ex. Unlike alphabetical arrangement, systematic order is not self-evident, and indeed there may be differing views as to the best order at any given point.Ex. The inflexibility of notation tends to crystallize (fossilize!) the arrangement in a structure reflecting the approach to knowledge at one particular time.Ex. One aspect of this is the 'staleness' of Web search engines; that is, a search engine goes stale for users when a significant number of hits it returns at any given time point to Web pages that are no longer viable.Ex. At any given moment, several hundred titles are available in print, and dozes more are published each year = En un momento dado, hay varios cientos títulos disponibles y cada año aparecen otros tantos nuevos.Ex. Librarians have no control over the effect that a book will have on a particular reader at a given moment in time.Ex. The study attempts to find out the percentage of Web sites that on average remain accessible to the user at a given moment.* * *= at a given point in time, at any one time, at any given point, at one particular time, at any given time, at any given moment, at a given moment in time, at a given momentEx: It is easy to install appropriate guiding at a given point in time.
Ex: Any one document may be required by author, title, subject, form or other characteristics, but this one document can only be grouped according to one of these characteristics at any one time.Ex: Unlike alphabetical arrangement, systematic order is not self-evident, and indeed there may be differing views as to the best order at any given point.Ex: The inflexibility of notation tends to crystallize (fossilize!) the arrangement in a structure reflecting the approach to knowledge at one particular time.Ex: One aspect of this is the 'staleness' of Web search engines; that is, a search engine goes stale for users when a significant number of hits it returns at any given time point to Web pages that are no longer viable.Ex: At any given moment, several hundred titles are available in print, and dozes more are published each year = En un momento dado, hay varios cientos títulos disponibles y cada año aparecen otros tantos nuevos.Ex: Librarians have no control over the effect that a book will have on a particular reader at a given moment in time.Ex: The study attempts to find out the percentage of Web sites that on average remain accessible to the user at a given moment. -
42 Durchschnittskunde
Durchschnittskunde
average customer;
• Durchschnittskurs average price, market average, (Devisen) average rate;
• zu einem Durchschnittskurs weiterverkaufen to sell on a scale;
• Durchschnittslaufzeit equated period;
• Durchschnittsleistung mean efficiency (output), average performance;
• Durchschnittsleser general (ordinary) reader;
• Durchschnittslohn average wage, straight-time pay;
• Durchschnittsmenge average quantity;
• Durchschnittsmensch average mind, ordinary reasonable man;
• Durchschnittsnotierung average quotation;
• Durchschnittsprämie average premium;
• Durchschnittspreis normal value, (Milch) blended price;
• Durchschnittsproduktion average output, standard production;
• Durchschnittsproduktivität average productivity;
• Durchschnittsprognose median forecast;
• Durchschnittsprozentsatz average percentage;
• gute Durchschnittsqualität fair average (standard) quality;
• Durchschnittsqualität der geprüften Liefermengen average outgoing quality;
• Durchschnittsrechnung (Münzwesen) alligation medial;
• Durchschnittsrendite average yield;
• Durchschnittssaldenliste average book;
• Durchschnittssatz average rate;
• Durchschnittssteuersatz average rate, (Umsatzsteuer) composite rate;
• Durchschnittsstundenlohn average (straight-time) hourly earnings, common labo(u)r rate;
• Durchschnittsstundenverdienst average hourly earnings;
• Durchschnittssumme average sum;
• Durchschnittstagessaldo (Zinsberechnung) average daily balance;
• Durchschnittstemperatur mean temperature;
• Durchschnittstransportkosten average haul;
• Durchschnittsumsatz average turnover;
• Durchschnittsvaluta (Wertstellung) average value date;
• Durchschnittsverbrauch average consumption;
• Durchschnittsverbraucher average consumer;
• Durchschnittsverdienst average earnings (earned rate);
• Durchschnittsverfalltag average due date;
• Durchschnittsverfallzeit average [term of] maturity;
• Durchschnittsverkaufsauflage average net paid circulation;
• Durchschnittsverladegewicht average shipping weight;
• Durchschnittswachstum average growth;
• Durchschnittsware articles of average quality;
• Durchschnittswert average (mean, standard) value;
• Durchschnittszahl der Beträge ermitteln to average the amounts;
• Durchschnittszinsen average interest. -
43 general
̈ɪˈdʒenərəl I прил.
1) общий, родовой( о понятии), общего характера (характерный для определенного класса, типа) bearing a general resemblance to the original ≈ имеющий общее (в общих чертах) сходство с оригиналом general workers ≈ неквалифицированные рабочие, разнорабочие general hospital ≈ неспециализированная больница, больница общего типа in general ≈ вообще Syn: accepted, common, generic, popular, public, universal
2) а) повсеместный;
широкий general opinion ≈ общее мнение general holiday ≈ общенародный праздник б) превалирующий;
наиболее широко распространенный Syn: prevalent
3) обычный, общепринятый Syn: customary, habitual, common, popular, public Ant: queer, specific, uncommon, unparalleled, unusual
4) главный, основной, генеральный general layout ≈ генеральный план( застройки, строительства) General Headquarters ≈ штаб главнокомандующего, ставка;
главное командование Syn: chief, main II сущ.
1) обобщающее понятие
2) генерал;
военачальник, командующий, полководец general of the Army ≈ командующий армией brigadier general ≈ бригадный генерал commanding general ≈ командующий/командир в звании генерала lieutenant general ≈ генерал-лейтенант major general ≈ генерал-майор three-star general ≈ генерал-лейтенант Syn: commander, military leader генерал - * of the Army (американизм) генерал армии (американизм) (сленг) начальство, "отец-командир" (о заведующем, директоре школы, главе семьи и т. п.) (the *) общее - the * and the particular общее и частное общие замечания;
общие положение;
общая часть( публикации) (разговорное) прислуга "за все" (церковное) глава ордена (устаревшее) большинство( устаревшее) (the *) народ( устаревшее) толпа, чернь, простонародье > *'s battle бой, исход которого решает умелое командование общий, всеобщий - * meeting общее собрание - * strike всеобщая забастовка - there was a * panic всех охватила паника - there was a * exodus все сдвинулись с места (разъезд, эмиграция и т. п.) - * education всеобщее образование /обучение/ - * knowledge то, что известно всем - * average общая авария - * library общая библиотека;
университетская библиотека - * debate общие прения /дебаты, -ая дискуссия/ - * ticket( американизм) общий список (избирательный бюллетень с кандидатами, представляющими штат или город в целом, а не их отдельные районы) - * pardon всеобщая амнистия - * favourite общий любимец;
тот, кого все считают наиболее вероятной кандидатурой ( на выборах, соревнованиях и т. п.) широкий;
повсеместный - * opinion общее мнение - * holiday общенародный праздник - * lay-out общее расположение, генеральный план - * counter-attack( военное) общая контратака;
контрнаступление - * support( военное) общая поддержка - * paralysis (медицина) прогрессивный паралич - * anesthesia( медицина) общий наркоз - * release (кинематографический) широкий /неограниченный/ прокат, выпуск на широкий экран - to work for the * welfare работать на общее благо - the book was a * favourite книга понравилась всем /пользовалась успехом у всех/ - it is a matter of * anxiety это беспокоит всех, это предмет всеобщего беспокойства - it is not in the * interest to close railways закрыть железнодорожное движение противоречит общим интересам - there has been * opposition to the scheme план вызвал протест широких масс, все были против этого плана - the rain has been fairly * можно сказать, что дождь шел повсюду распространенный;
общепринятый, обычный - * word обычное /общепринятое/ слово - * notion общепринятое понятие /представление/ - in * обычно, вообще, в большинстве случаев - in * people like her обычно она людям нравится - as a * rule обычно, как правило - the * idea is that... все считают, что..., существует общее мнение, что... - this word is in * use это очень употребительное слово - this type of behaviour is fairly * among young people такая модель поведения довольно характерна для молодежи общий, общего характера, неспециализированный, неспециальный - * public широкие массы - * reader широкий /рядовой, массовый/ читатель - the book was not accessible to the * reader для широкого читателя эта книга была недоступна - * dealer торговец товарами повседневного спроса;
хозяин лавки, в которой продаются различные товары - * store(s) универсальный магазин, неспециализированный магазин - * servant прислуга "за все" - * education общее образование - * knowledge знания в различных областях - * hospital неспециализированная больница;
больница общего типа - * practitioner врач широкого профиля - who is your * practitioner? кто ваш лечащий врач? - to be in * practice заниматься общей врачебной практикой - * pathology общая патология - * farming неспециализированное хозяйство - * overhaul капитальный ремонт - * reconnaissance общая разведка - * reserve( военное) общий резерв;
резерв общего назначения - * duties( военное) строевая служба - * engineering общее машиностроение - * cargo( морское) генеральный груз;
сборный груз - for * use для общего пользования расплывчатый, неточный, общий - * impression общее впечатление - * recommendations общие рекомендации - to have a * idea иметь общее представление - I've got the * idea в общих чертах я понял - to give a * outline наметить в общих чертах - to explain in * terms объяснить в общих чертах - the statement is too * это заявление носит слишком общий характер - if you go in the * direction of the church... видите церковь? Если вы будете держаться этого направления... - I see only a * resemblance я вижу только самое общее сходство - I can give only a * description я могу дать только самое общее описание главный, генеральный - * committee генеральный комитет (ООН) ;
президиум - Director G., G. Manager генеральный директор - * officer генерал - G. Commanding Officer командующий, командующий группой войск, командир соединения - * headquarters ставка, главное командование - * staff( американизм) общая часть штаба;
общий штаб - * court martial военный суд высшей инстанции ~ обычный;
as a general rule как правило;
in a general way обычным путем auditor ~ генеральный ревизор consul ~ генеральный консул director ~ генеральный директор general всеобщий ~ генерал;
полководец ~ генеральный ~ главный;
general layout генеральный план (строительства) ~ главный ~ неспециализированный ~ неспециальный ~ общий, общего характера, всеобщий;
генеральный;
general meeting общее собрание;
general impression общее впечатление ~ общий ~ обычный;
as a general rule как правило;
in a general way обычным путем ~ обычный ~ повсеместный General Headquarters штаб главнокомандующего, ставка;
главное командование;
general staff общевойсковой штаб ~ strike всеобщая забастовка;
general hospital неспециализированная больница, больница общего типа;
in general вообще hospital: general ~ общий госпиталь ~ общий, общего характера, всеобщий;
генеральный;
general meeting общее собрание;
general impression общее впечатление ~ главный;
general layout генеральный план (строительства) ~ общий, общего характера, всеобщий;
генеральный;
general meeting общее собрание;
general impression общее впечатление meeting: general ~ деловая встреча general ~ общее собрание ~ public широкая публика, общественность;
general workers неквалифицированные рабочие, разнорабочие public: general ~ общественность general ~ широкая публика General Headquarters штаб главнокомандующего, ставка;
главное командование;
general staff общевойсковой штаб General Staff генеральный штаб( сухопутных войск) ;
general (post) delivery первая утренняя разноска почты;
амер. (почта) до востребования staff: general ~ основной персонал ~ strike всеобщая забастовка;
general hospital неспециализированная больница, больница общего типа;
in general вообще strike: general ~ всеобщая забастовка general ~ всеобщая стачка ~ public широкая публика, общественность;
general workers неквалифицированные рабочие, разнорабочие ~ обычный;
as a general rule как правило;
in a general way обычным путем ~ strike всеобщая забастовка;
general hospital неспециализированная больница, больница общего типа;
in general вообще secretary ~ генеральный секретарь secretary: ~ секретарь, руководитель организации;
secretary general генеральный секретарь -
44 great
ɡreit1) (of a better quality than average; important: a great writer; Churchill was a great man.) stor, fremragende2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) stor, svær3) (of a high degree: Take great care of that book.) svært god4) (very pleasant: We had a great time at the party.) storartet5) (clever and expert: John's great at football.) kjempegod/-flink•- greatly- greatnessbegjærlig--------betydelig--------flott--------ivrig--------nidkjær--------stor--------sværtIsubst. \/ɡreɪt\/bare i uttrykkgreat and small store og små, høy og lavthe great(s) de store, storhetene, essenede rike og fornemme, de mektigeIIadj. \/ɡreɪt\/1) stor2) stor (og imponerende)3) stor, viktig, betydningsfull, vesentlig, hoved-4) stor, berømt, fremstående, fremragende, eminent, ledende, dyktig5) dyp, sterk, mektig, stor6) fornem, fin7) ( om tid) lang8) stor(-), skikkelig, ivrig, flittig9) herlig, flott, storartet, fantastisk, vidunderlig• that's great!(be) a great one for (være) entusiastisk opptatt av, -entusiastgreat at svær til, god til, flink tilgreat big veldig stor(a) great deal en hel del, temmelig mye(a) great many eller (a) great number en hel del, mangegreat on svært opptatt avIIIadv. \/ɡreɪt\/( hverdagslig) utmerket, godt, veldig bra -
45 great
[ɡreit]1) (of a better quality than average; important: a great writer; Churchill was a great man.) grande2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) grande3) (of a high degree: Take great care of that book.) muito4) (very pleasant: We had a great time at the party.) óptimo5) (clever and expert: John's great at football.) excelente•- greatly- greatness* * *[greit] adj 1 grande, vasto, numeroso, extenso, comprido. 2 desmedido. 3 importante, famoso, poderoso, notável. 4 principal, gran-, grão-. 5 nobre, generoso. 6 preferido, favorito. 7 formidável, magnífico, excelente. a great deal, a great many muito, muitos. a great muddle uma grande desordem. a great poet um grande poeta. a great storyteller um excelente contador de histórias. a great while bastante tempo. Alfred the Great Alfredo o Grande. great age idade avançada. Great Scott! interj meu Deus! great with young prenhe. he is a great reader ele lê muito. in great favour em boas graças. it is no great matter não tem importância. no great Amer coll nada de importante. that is great isto é formidável. the great os grandes, os importantes. the Great Assizes o juízo final. the great majority a grande maioria. the great powers as grandes potências. to be great at fencing ser bom em esgrima. -
46 ATR
1) Общая лексика: Asian-Pacific Region2) Компьютерная техника: Andy's Techno Rules, air transport rack3) Авиация: air turbo-rocket engine5) Военный термин: Alaska Trauma Registry, Annual Training Requirement, Anti Tank Rifle, Attack The Radical, Attack The Rim, Average True Range, achievement of test readiness, advanced tactical radar, air traffic regulations, air-launched trainer rocket, air-transportable rack, airborne target reconnaissance, airborne target relay, aircraft trouble report, antitank regiment, automatic target recognition, automatic test and repair, aviation training record, автоматическая система распознавания целей6) Техника: advanced thermal reactor, airturboramjet, analog tape recorder, antenna test range, antenna transmit-receiver, anti-transmitter-receiver, antitransmit-receive switch, automatic target recognizer, automatic test equipment, automatic translator, auxiliary transformer, average transfer rate, aviation technician, radar7) Математика: Almost Totally Real8) Религия: African Traditional Religion9) Телекоммуникации: Advanced Telecommunications Research10) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Fleet ocean tug (fire-fighting), Achievement of Test Readiness (USA), Advanced Tactical Radar programme, Aided Target Recognition, Aided Target Recognizer, Air Transportability Racking, Air Transportable Racking (ARINC standard box sizes), Anti-Transmit-Receive, Automotive Test Rig, Autonomous Target Recognition, Franco-Italian Avions de Transport Regional, air transport radio, antitransmit-receive11) Физиология: Achilles tendon reflex, Atrophy, Automatic Tampon Removal, Automatic Tampon Remover12) Электроника: Anti-Transit-Receive13) Вычислительная техника: Automatic Terminal Recognition, audio tape recorder, Advanced Telecommunications Research laboratory (organization, Japan)14) Нефть: automatic tape reader16) Фирменный знак: Advanced Technologies And Research, Avion De Transport Regional17) Деловая лексика: Accuracy Timeliness Responsiveness18) ЕБРР: acid test ratio19) Полимеры: attenuated total reflectance20) Программирование: Answer To Reset21) Ядерная физика: Advanced Terminal Reactor22) Контроль качества: assembly test recording23) Сахалин Ю: Russian Authority Tracking Register (appended by nikulin K.)24) Авиационная медицина: arm tremor reaction25) Макаров: autothermal reforming process, НПВО, нарушенное полное отражение26) Ядерное оружие: атрибутивный риск27) Электротехника: advanced test reactor28) Должность: Art Therapist Registered29) Аэропорты: Atar, Mauritania30) НАСА: Above The Rest -
47 Introduction
Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.LAND AND PEOPLEThe Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into theAtlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)1864 4,287,000 first census1890 5,049,7001900 5,423,0001911 5,960,0001930 6,826,0001940 7,185,1431950 8,510,0001960 8,889,0001970 8,668,000* note decrease1980 9,833,0001991 9,862,5401996 9,934,1002006 10,642,8362010 10,710,000 (estimated) -
48 buyer
сущ.1)а) марк. покупатель, приобретатель (человек, который покупает что-л. или намерен купить что-л., напр., товар, ценную бумагу и т. д.)gift buyer — покупатель подарков, даритель
buyer for Peruvian crafts: ponchos, sweaters, jackets — покупатель перуанских изделий: пончо, свитеров, курток
buyer for Chrysler — покупатель компании "Крайслер"
Government hoping for domestic buyer for Telecom Italia. — Правительственные упования на отечественного покупателя компании Telecom Italia.
a buyer from Filmways Inc. — покупатель из компании Filmways Inc.
ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 4) а), agricultural, average 2. 2) а), commercial 1. 1) а), common 1. 3) а), conditional 1. 1) а), current 1. 2) а), exclusive 1. 2) а), final 1. 1) а), former II 1. 1) а), ideal 2. 2) а), individual 1. 1) а), industrial 1. 1) а), а, infrequent 1. 1) а), irregular 1. 3) а), knowledgeable, medium 2. 2) а), moderate II 1. 1) а), organizational, potential, present I 2. 2) а), prospective 1. 2) а), qualified 1. 1) а), а, regular II 1. 1) а), n2, repeat I 3. 2) а), sovereign 2. 2) а), steady 1. 1) а), target I 3. 2) а), trade I 3. 2) а), n1, undisclosed 1. 1) а)
COMBS: at buyer's option, buyer in possession, buyers over, buyer's over, class of buyers, duties of the buyer, non-buyer reader
Syn:purchaser 1)See:active buyer, agricultural buyer, average buyer, bulk buyer, cash buyer, catalogue buyer, charge buyer, commercial buyer, common buyer, conditional buyer, credit buyer, current buyer, discriminating buyer, exclusive buyer, experienced buyer, final buyer, first time buyer, first-time buyer, former buyer, gift buyer, head buyer 2), heavy buyer, high-potential buyer, ideal buyer, impulse buyer, individual buyer, industrial buyer, infrequent buyer, instalment buyer, institutional buyer, irregular buyer, knowledgeable buyer, light buyer, list buyer, manufacturing buyer, marginal buyer, media buyer, medium buyer, moderate buyer, multiple buyer, one-time buyer, option buyer, order buyer, organizational buyer, potential buyer, premium buyer, present buyer, price-conscious buyer, print buyer, professional buyer 2), prospective buyer, qualified buyer, regular buyer, repeat buyer, resident buyer, sample buyer, slaughter buyer, sophisticated buyer, sovereign buyer, space buyer, specialist buyer, steady buyer, target buyer, time buyer, time-buyer, trade buyer, travelling buyer, trial buyer, buyer behaviour, buyer check, buyer' check, buyer cheque, buyer' cheque, buyer concentration, buyer credit, buyer decision process, buyer group, buyer needs, buyer readiness stage, buyer readiness stages, buyer readiness state, buyer readiness states, buyer wants, buyer's auction, buyers check, buyer's check, buyers cheque, buyer's cheque, buyers' competition, buyers' cooperative, buyer's credit, buyers' market, buyers office, buyer's option, buyer's price, buyers rate, buyers' rate, buyer's remorse, buyer's risk, buyer's surplus, buyer-up, Bond Buyerб) юр., торг., амер. покупатель (согласно Единообразному торговому кодексу США: лицо, которое покупает товары или вступает в договор о покупке товаров)See:в) эк. = bidder 2),2) торг. закупщик (сотрудник отдела снабжения магазина или другой организации, работа которого заключается в закупке товаров для этой организации)A sales representative for Makita offered Mr. McHale, then a buyer for Anderson Lumber company, a (C) tools than was available on Makita products. — Торговый представитель компании Makita предложил г-ну МакХейлу, в то время закупщику компании Anderson Lumber, инструменты категории (С), которые тогда имелись в ассортименте продукции компании Makita.
Syn:See:assistant buyer, art buyer, chief buyer, government buyer, grain buyer, head buyer 1), head tobacco buyer, lease buyer, professional buyer 1)
* * *
покупатель: лицо, совершающее покупку товара, услуг, финансового инструмента; = purchaser.* * *покупатель; приобретатель; закупщик. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *1. работник отдела снабжения промышленной или торговой фирмы, ведающий закупками объект воздействия рекламы товаров промышленного назначения2. служащий отдела по работе со средствами распространения рекламы рекламного агентства, занимающийся покупкой эфирного времени или места в органах печати----- -
49 ACR
1) Общая лексика: audio cassette recorder (кассетный магнитофон)2) Компьютерная техника: Animated Computer Rendering, automatic call return3) Медицина: соотношение альбумин-креатинин (albumin-to-creatinine ratio), anti-constipation regimen (сокр.) (противозапорный режим)4) Американизм: African Crisis Response5) Спорт: American Club Racer, American Club Racing6) Военный термин: ACCS Capability Requirements, Admiral Commanding Reserves, Advanced Concepts Requirements, Air Crew Rescue, Alaskan communications region, Army Capability Requirement, Assistant Chief for Research, Automated Change Recognition, abstracts of classified reports, actual cost report, adjacent channel rejection, advanced capabilities radar, advanced combat rifle, advanced confidential report, aerial combat reconnaissance, air cavalry regiment, air combat report, aircrew recovery, airlift control radar, allowance change request, ammunition condition report, armored cavalry regiment, associate contractor, automatic card reader7) Техника: Alaska communications region, acoustic control room, active cavity radiometer, advanced converter reactor, aerodrome control radar, airfield control radar, all-channel receiver, alternating current rejection, antenna coupler receiver8) Шутливое выражение: Alfa Core Rules10) Бухгалтерия: Adjusted Community Rate11) Автомобильный термин: air conditioning relay12) Грубое выражение: A Crappy Ride, Average Crappy Racecar13) Оптика: active-cavity radiometer14) Телекоммуникации: Attenuation Crosstalk Ratio15) Сокращение: Active Cockpit Rig, Air Control Radar, Annual Compliance Report, Approach Control Radar, Armored Cavalry Regiment (USA), Army of the Czech Republic, across, Американская коллегия ревматологии (American College of Rheumatology - исследовательская и учебная организация профессионалов от ревматологии в США.), American College of Radiology (Американская корпорация врачей-рентгенологов), Alabama Central Railroad Company (наименование американской железнодорожной компании), Allowed Cell Rate16) Университет: American College Of Rheumatology17) Физика: Advanced Candu Reactor19) Вычислительная техника: Anonymous Call Rejection, Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio, Automatic Call Recording, audio cassette recorder, кассетный магнитофон, Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (Kabel), accumulator register (сокр.) (накапливающий регистр)20) Транспорт: Automatic Compression Release21) Экология: Antarctic climate research22) Деловая лексика: Annual Confidential Report24) Образование: Acceptance Communication And Relationships25) Микроэлектроника: advanced carbothermic reduction (улучшенный карботермический метод восстановления SiO2 (получение Si солнечного качества))26) Программирование: Advanced Code Reconstruction, automatic character recognition (автоматическое распознавание символов (сокр.))27) Военно-морской флот: armored cruiser (сокр.) (исорич.) (броненосный крейсер), asdic control room (сокр.) (гидроакустическая рубка (Великобритания)), aircraft control room (пост управления полётами самолётов (на авианосце))28) Расширение файла: ACR-NEMA medical image file Bitmap graphics29) Электротехника: automatic circuit restoration, automatic current control, automatic current regulator30) Имена и фамилии: Alvah C. Roebuck (of Sears, Roebuck, and Company)31) Общественная организация: Alley Cat Rescue32) Должность: Average Classification Rate33) NYSE. American Retirement Corporation34) НАСА: Apollo Cosmetic Reconstruction -
50 baseball terms
•• Правила бейсбола, который называют Great American Pastime, а также цель и секрет привлекательности этой игры для американцев невозможно объяснить человеку, не «пропитавшемуся» ею с детства. Говорят, что бейсбол имеет сходство с русской лаптой, ныне забытой. The sport itself is such a thicket of technicality that no one has ever devised a satisfactory one-sentence definition of it without using technical terms (Reader’s Digest). Нас здесь интересует другое – термины и связанные с этой игрой выражения, укоренившиеся в обиходном языке и политической лексике. Некоторые из них отсутствуют даже в весьма полных словарях.
•• ballpark – бейсбольное поле, стадион;
•• ballpark figure – ориентировочная цифра, примерное количество;
•• base – «база», «место» (перевод условный);
•• to get to first base – достичь первой цели, добиться начального успеха;
•• the bases are loaded – напряжение близится к пику;
•• off-base: to catch someone off base – застать кого-либо врасплох;
•• bat – бита;
•• to go to bat for someone – помогать кому-либо с энтузиазмом, самоотверженно;
•• right off the bat – сразу; экспромтом;
•• batting average – средний показатель, уровень достижений;
•• bush league = minor league;
•• hard ball – см. softball;
•• home run, homer – «полный пробег трех баз» (перевод условный). В переносном смысле употребляется в примерном значении точное попадание, крупный успех. He hit a home run – говорят в ситуациях, когда у нас сказали бы забил гол;
•• major leagues, the majors – высшие профессиональные лиги (в США их две); to make the majors – быть принятым в команду высшей лиги, достичь в чем-то высшего уровня;
•• minor leagues, the minors – профессиональные лиги менее высокого уровня (в переносном смысле употребляется с оттенком снисходительности, например, minor league player – человек, не добившийся особых успехов);
•• out in left field – часто употребляется в переносном смысле. He is out in left field. – Он ничего в этом не понимает, это не его ума дело. His suggestion was out in left field. – Его предложение было неуместным;
•• softball – облегченный вариант бейсбола (обычно в него играют дети и пожилые люди). Правила почти те же, но мяч мягче и бросают его не резким движением, а снизу по овальной траектории. В переносном смысле: throw a softball – задать нетрудный вопрос, «подыграть». Соответственно, to play hardball означает играть без послаблений, жестко;
•• strike – самое трудное для несведущих понятие в бейсболе. Означает по существу непопадание, пропущенный отбивающим удар. Соответственно, to strike out означает выбыть из игры, пропустив три удара. В США сейчас активно обсуждается концепция «автоматического наказания» three strikes and you’re out: рецидивист, трижды совершивший какое-либо правонарушение, осуждается «по максимуму», предусмотренному за это преступление, без права на условно-досрочное освобождение ( parole);
•• World Series, world champion – в бейсбол играют не только в США, но и в Японии, Канаде, на Кубе, в некоторых других странах. Однако никаких «чемпионатов мира» не проводится, даже международные встречи – большая редкость. Поэтому к тому факту, что серия игр между чемпионами двух высших профессиональных лиг США в конце бейсбольного сезона называется World Series, а ее победитель – world champions, можно относиться с долей иронии (или резко критически – это уже зависит от вашего общего отношения к Америке и американцам).
•• * Число фразеологизмов, пришедших в американскую речь из бейсбола, гораздо больше, чем подборка, приведенная в «Моем несистематическом словаре». Языковая мода выносит некоторые из них на авансцену, что произошло в последние годы с выражением to step up to the plate, отсутствующим в переводных словарях (не нашел я его и в онлайновых толковых). Я не очень разбираюсь в бейсболе, но подозреваю, что выражение именно оттуда ( plate в бейсболе – base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands). Можно предположить, что значение – выйти на исходную, или ударную, позицию. Но чаще всего этот фразеологизм употребляется в переносном значении, характерный пример которого – в следующем призыве к молодежи:
•• We live in tense, dangerous times since terrorism has struck inside the United States, killing almost 3,000 of our citizens and severely damaging our economy. It’s easy to feel like a helpless victim or to allow senseless panic to take over, but there is something you can and must do. More than ever, our country, in order to rebuild itself, needs you to step up to the plate and be a person of integrity. (Newsday)
•• Очевидно, что смысл здесь (как и в других случаях) – брать на себя ответственность или просто действовать.
•• То ли под влиянием этого выражения, то ли самостоятельно, но и глагол to step up очень часто используется в аналогичном значении. В переводных словарях, кстати, среди многих, иногда довольно редких значений (в том числе, например, в БАРСе to step up to the girl – приударить за девушкой), данного значения нет, зато в American Heritage, сводящем все значения к трем, есть два, «на пересечении» которых находится интересующее нас: 2. To come forward: step up and be counted. 3. To improve one’s performance or take on more responsibility, especially at a crucial time.
•• Вот примеры из газет:
•• “The plan was to have Iraqis step up to protect and govern their country and leave it to the Americans to help them with reconstruction,” the senior CPA official said. (Washington Post)
•• Заголовок публицистической статьи в той же газете: The Allies Must Step Up. Содержание статьи не оставляет сомнений, что это призыв к союзникам по НАТО «взять на себя ответственность», т.е. помочь США в Ираке:
•• Alliance leaders <...> should agree to take over the security training and equipping mission immediately, with a country such as Germany <...> perhaps taking the lead.
•• Еще один пример употребления глагола to step up в значении to assume responsibility:
•• Mr. Skelton asked Mr. Wolfowitz whether American forces might be required to remain in Iraq for “a good number of years.” “I think it’s entirely possible,” Mr. Wolfowitz replied. “But what I think is also nearly certain is the more they step up, and they will be doing so more and more each month, the less and less we will have to do.” (New York Times).
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51 ♦ general
♦ general (1) /ˈdʒɛnrəl/a.1 generale; comune; pubblico; collettivo; universale: a general strike, uno sciopero generale; a phrase that is in general use, una locuzione d'uso comune; the general welfare, il bene pubblico, il benessere collettivo; a general notion, un concetto universale2 generico; indeterminato; vago: He spoke in general terms, ha parlato in modo vago; a general resemblance, una vaga somiglianza3 comune; diffuso; universale● (leg.) general acceptance, accettazione incondizionata ( d'una cambiale) □ (med.) general anaesthesia, anestesia totale □ (ass., naut.) general average, avaria generale (o comune) □ (naut.) general bill of lading, polizza di carico collettiva □ general business, varie ed eventuali ( ultima voce in un ordine del giorno) □ (naut.) general cargo, carico misto (o a collettame) □ (in GB) the General Council, il Consiglio Generale ( dei sindacati britannici) □ ( banca) general crossing, sbarratura semplice ( di un assegno) □ (leg.) general damages, danni presunti dalla legge e ammessi senza bisogno di prova □ general dealer, commerciante (o negoziante) in generi vari □ a general degree, una laurea generica ( in varie discipline, senza specializzazione) □ ( USA) general delivery, fermo posta □ general education, istruzione di carattere generale ( non specializzata) □ general election, elezioni generali (o politiche) □ (comm.) general endorsement, girata in bianco □ the general feeling, il sentimento popolare □ (leg.) general heir, erede universale □ (med.) general hospital, policlinico □ general knowledge, cultura enciclopedica □ (rag.) general ledger, mastro generale; libro mastro □ (org. az.) general management, direzione generale □ (org. az.) general manager, direttore generale □ (org. az.) general partner, socio accomandatario □ (org. az.) general partnership, società in nome collettivo □ General Post Office, (in GB, fino al 1969) Ministero delle Poste; (spec. in USA) posta centrale ( di una città) □ general practice, medicina generica □ (med.) general practitioner, medico generico; medico di base □ (leg.) general proxy, delega generale □ the general public, il grande pubblico □ general-purpose, pluriuso, multiuso, universale: (mil.) general-purpose bomb, bomba multiuso; (tecn.) general-purpose weedkiller, diserbante universale □ a general reader, un lettore di letteratura varia; chi legge ogni sorta di libri □ (stat.) General Register (in Scozia: Registry Office), Istituto Centrale di Statistica □ (fin., leg.) general reserve, riserva generale □ ( a scuola) general science, scienze naturali, chimica e fisica □ general servant, domestico (o domestica) tuttofare □ (mil.) general staff, stato maggiore □ general store, negozio di generi vari ( alimentari, ecc.); drogheria □ (stor.) the General Strike, lo sciopero del 1926 in GB ( durò sei mesi) □ (relig.) the General Synod, il Sinodo Generale ( della Chiesa anglicana) □ (dog.) general warehouse, magazzino generale □ (leg.) general warrant, mandato di cattura in bianco □ as a general rule, in genere; di regola; generalmente □ in general, in genere; generalmente; di solito.general (2) /ˈdʒɛnrəl/n.1 (spec. mil.) generale: brigadier general, generale di brigata; ( ora, anche in Italia) brigadiere generale; the general of the Dominicans, il generale dei domenicani2 (mil., in GB e in USA) – General, Tenente Generale con incarichi speciali: Lieutenant General, Tenente Generale3 (aeron. mil., in USA) – General, Generale di Squadra Aerea con incarichi speciali (cfr. ingl. Air Chief Marshal, sotto air): Lieutenant General, Generale di Squadra Aerea6 (med.) anestesia totale● (aeron. mil., in USA) General of the Airforce ( è il grado più elevato; non ha equivalente in Italia; cfr. ingl. Marshal of the Royal Air Force, sotto marshal) □ (mil., in USA) General of the army ( è il grado più elevato; non ha equivalente in Italia). -
52 SMART
1) Компьютерная техника: Securable Manageable Archivable Retrievable And Transferable, Sensible Multilateral American Response To Terrorism, Suggestive Match And Research Technology2) Американизм: Save Money And Reduce Taxes, Simulation And Modeling For Acquisition Requirements And Training, Strategic Management Analysis Requirements And Technology3) Военный термин: Self Modifying Ability Reactive Training, Self Monitoring And Reporting Technology, Sensors Mounted As Roving Threads, Special Military Active Retired Travelers, Stereoscopic Mapping And Rescaling Technology, scheduled maintenance and reliability team, sensor-fuzed munitions for artillery, small arms training, supersonic missile and rocket track, supply and maintenance assessment and review team, systems management analysis, research, and testing4) Техника: Signaal multibeam acquisition radar for targeting, senior management assessment of readiness team, shipborne multibeam acquisition radar for targeting, system of measuring and attaining refining target5) Шутливое выражение: Send the Mexicans Across the River Today6) Религия: Student Missionary Apprentice Reality Training7) Железнодорожный термин: Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit ( SMART) США8) Юридический термин: Servers And Managers Alcohol Responsibility Training, Speed Monitoring Awareness Radar Trailer, Stop More Alcohol Related Tragedies9) Экономика: ( specific, measurable, achievable, relevant to the purpose, timely) SMART-критерии цели, конкретность, измеримость, достижимость, релевантность, своевременность10) Бухгалтерия: Systematic Mortgage Amortization Reduction Technology11) Грубое выражение: Sexually Molested And Raped Twice13) Сокращение: Sensor Fuzed Munition for Artillery, Signaal Multi-beam Acquisition Radar for Targeting (Netherlands), Small Arms Trainer, Spurt Message Alphanumeric Radio Terminal, Strategic Multi-role Aid & Replenishment Transport vessel (Canada), Susceptibility Model Assessment & Range Test, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound, Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, Time-boned14) Университет: Science Math And Relevant Technology, Special Multimedia Arenas For Refining Thinking, Student And Merchant Achievement Recognition Team, Student Mentor Academic Research Teams, Student Mentors Advising Rising Talent15) Физиология: Sensitive Membrane Antigen Rapid Test, Sensory Modality Assessment And Rehabilitation Technique, Serving Meals At The Right Time16) Электроника: Shared Memory Application Replaying Tool17) Вычислительная техника: Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology, Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (HDD, IDE, Conner, IBM, Quantum, Seagate, WD)18) Транспорт: State and Metropolitan Analyses of Regional Transportation, Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel, Students Of Missouri Assisting Rural Transportation, Suburban Mobility Authority For Regional Transportation19) СМИ: Sport Music And Real Talk20) Деловая лексика: Sales Marketing Administration Research Tracking, Securities Markets' Automated Regulated Trading, Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, And Transparent, Specific Measurable Acceptable Realistic And Timely, Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic And Timely, Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant And Trackable, Specific, Measurable, Accountable, Responsive, And Transparent, Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Realistic, And Timely, Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, And Timely21) Бурение: Планирование для уменьшения среднего времени реагирования (Scheduling to Minimize Average Response Time)22) Образование: Science Math And Reading Tutoring, Science, Math, And Related Technologies, Self Management And Recovery Training, Shared Multimedia Access To Resources For Teaching, Start Making A Reader Today, Streamlined Management And Accountable Resources For Teachers, Student Mentors Assisting Receptive Teachers, Studies For Manchester Area Residents And Tourists, Successful Motivation And Reward Training, Super Math And Reading Time23) Авиационная медицина: skills maintenance and reacquisition training24) Должность: Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique25) НАСА: Satellite Multimedia Applications Research And Trials, Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research And Teaching, Small Missions For Advanced Research And Technology26) Программное обеспечение: Self Monitoring Analysis And Reporting Tool, Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool, Simple Multipurpose Automation And Reporting Tools, Smaller Modules Are Readily Transportable -
53 smart
1) Компьютерная техника: Securable Manageable Archivable Retrievable And Transferable, Sensible Multilateral American Response To Terrorism, Suggestive Match And Research Technology2) Американизм: Save Money And Reduce Taxes, Simulation And Modeling For Acquisition Requirements And Training, Strategic Management Analysis Requirements And Technology3) Военный термин: Self Modifying Ability Reactive Training, Self Monitoring And Reporting Technology, Sensors Mounted As Roving Threads, Special Military Active Retired Travelers, Stereoscopic Mapping And Rescaling Technology, scheduled maintenance and reliability team, sensor-fuzed munitions for artillery, small arms training, supersonic missile and rocket track, supply and maintenance assessment and review team, systems management analysis, research, and testing4) Техника: Signaal multibeam acquisition radar for targeting, senior management assessment of readiness team, shipborne multibeam acquisition radar for targeting, system of measuring and attaining refining target5) Шутливое выражение: Send the Mexicans Across the River Today6) Религия: Student Missionary Apprentice Reality Training7) Железнодорожный термин: Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART) США8) Юридический термин: Servers And Managers Alcohol Responsibility Training, Speed Monitoring Awareness Radar Trailer, Stop More Alcohol Related Tragedies9) Экономика: ( specific, measurable, achievable, relevant to the purpose, timely) SMART-критерии цели, конкретность, измеримость, достижимость, релевантность, своевременность10) Бухгалтерия: Systematic Mortgage Amortization Reduction Technology11) Грубое выражение: Sexually Molested And Raped Twice13) Сокращение: Sensor Fuzed Munition for Artillery, Signaal Multi-beam Acquisition Radar for Targeting (Netherlands), Small Arms Trainer, Spurt Message Alphanumeric Radio Terminal, Strategic Multi-role Aid & Replenishment Transport vessel (Canada), Susceptibility Model Assessment & Range Test, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound, Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, Time-boned14) Университет: Science Math And Relevant Technology, Special Multimedia Arenas For Refining Thinking, Student And Merchant Achievement Recognition Team, Student Mentor Academic Research Teams, Student Mentors Advising Rising Talent15) Физиология: Sensitive Membrane Antigen Rapid Test, Sensory Modality Assessment And Rehabilitation Technique, Serving Meals At The Right Time16) Электроника: Shared Memory Application Replaying Tool17) Вычислительная техника: Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology, Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (HDD, IDE, Conner, IBM, Quantum, Seagate, WD)18) Транспорт: State and Metropolitan Analyses of Regional Transportation, Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel, Students Of Missouri Assisting Rural Transportation, Suburban Mobility Authority For Regional Transportation19) СМИ: Sport Music And Real Talk20) Деловая лексика: Sales Marketing Administration Research Tracking, Securities Markets' Automated Regulated Trading, Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, And Transparent, Specific Measurable Acceptable Realistic And Timely, Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic And Timely, Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant And Trackable, Specific, Measurable, Accountable, Responsive, And Transparent, Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Realistic, And Timely, Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, And Timely21) Бурение: Планирование для уменьшения среднего времени реагирования (Scheduling to Minimize Average Response Time)22) Образование: Science Math And Reading Tutoring, Science, Math, And Related Technologies, Self Management And Recovery Training, Shared Multimedia Access To Resources For Teaching, Start Making A Reader Today, Streamlined Management And Accountable Resources For Teachers, Student Mentors Assisting Receptive Teachers, Studies For Manchester Area Residents And Tourists, Successful Motivation And Reward Training, Super Math And Reading Time23) Авиационная медицина: skills maintenance and reacquisition training24) Должность: Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique25) НАСА: Satellite Multimedia Applications Research And Trials, Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research And Teaching, Small Missions For Advanced Research And Technology26) Программное обеспечение: Self Monitoring Analysis And Reporting Tool, Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool, Simple Multipurpose Automation And Reporting Tools, Smaller Modules Are Readily Transportable -
54 ordinary
ordinary [ˈɔ:dnrɪ]1. adjectivea. ( = usual) habituel ; [clothes] de tous les joursb. ( = unexceptional) [person, day] ordinaire ; [intelligence, reader] moyen2. noun3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Un ordinary degree est un diplôme moins prestigieux que l'« honours degree » et que l'on obtient en général après trois années d'études universitaires. Il peut aussi être décerné en cas d'échec à l'« honours degree ». → HONOURS DEGREE* * *['ɔːdənrɪ], US ['ɔːrdənerɪ] 1. 2.1) ( normal) [clothes] de tous les jours (after n); [citizen, life, family] ordinaire2) ( average) [consumer, family] moyen/-enne3) péj ( uninspiring) -
55 Schnitt
Schnitt
(Mode) dressmaker’s (paper) pattern, (Vorteil) turn, (Zeichnung) sectional view;
• im Schnitt on an average;
• nach dem neuesten Schnitt in the latest fashion;
• Schnittbild section[al] view;
• Schnittmuster dressmaker’s (paper) pattern;
• Schnittmustergestalter pattern reader;
• Schnittstelle interface;
• serielle digitale Schnittstelle (Computer) serial digital interface;
• Schnittwaren piece (dry, US) goods, drapery, smallware (Br.);
• Schnittwarengeschäft mercery, mercer’s shop, drapery, dry-goods store (US);
• Schnittwarenhändler mercer, draper, drygoodsman (US).
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