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101 rīdeō
rīdeō sī, sus, ēre, to laugh: quid rides? T.: hic iudices ridere: semel in vitā: ridentem dicere verum Quid vetat, i. e. jestingly, H.: ridetur ab omni Conventu, there is laughter, H.—Prov.: quandoque potentior Largi muneribus riserit aemuli, i. e. in triumph over a lavish rival's gifts, H.: ridere ge/lwta sarda/nion, i. e. laugh on the wrong side of the mouth.—To laugh pleasantly, smile, look cheerful, be favorable: voltu Fortuna sereno, O.: cui non risere parentes, V.: Ille terrarum mihi praeter omnīs Angulus ridet, i. e. pleases, H.; cf. Mixtaque ridenti colocasia acantho, smiling, V.—To laugh at, laugh over: hunc, T.: Acrisium, H.: nivem atram: haec ego non rideo, quamvis tu rideas, say in jest: vitia, Ta.: periuria amantūm, O.: non sal, sed natura ridetur: Ridear, O.—To laugh at, ridicule, deride, mock: nostram amentiam: versūs Enni, make light of, H.: Ridentur mala qui componunt carmina, H.: Peccet ad extremum ridendus, H.* * *ridere, risi, risus Vlaugh at (with dat.), laugh; ridicule -
102 rōdō
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103 rōstrum
rōstrum ī, n [rodo], a beak, bill, snout, muzzle, mouth: cibum adripere aduncitate rostrorum: sus rostro si humi A litteram inpresserit: (canis) extento rostro, O.— The curved end of a ship's prow, ship's beak: neque his (navibus) nostrae rostro nocere poterant, Cs.: rostro petere hostium navem, L.: Convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor, i. e. triple beak, V.— Plur, the Rostra, a platform for speakers in the Forum (adorned with the beaks of ships taken from the Antians B.C. 338), L.— A stage, orator's pulpit, platform: in rostris curiam defendere: ut in rostris prius quam in senatu litterae recitarentur, L.: descendere de rostris: Frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor, H.* * *beak, curved bow (of a ship); speaker's platform (in Rome's Forum) (pl.) -
104 saetiger
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105 sēclūdō
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106 spargō
spargō sī, sus, ere [SPARC-], to strew, throw here and there, cast, hurl, throw about, scatter, sprinkle: semen: per humum, nova semina, dentes, O.: nummos populo de Rostris: flores, V.: rosas, H.: tela, hurl, V.— To bestrew, strew, scatter upon: humum foliis, V.: molā caput salsā, H.: umerum capillis, H.— To besprinkle, sprinkle, moisten, wet: saxa tabo, Enn. ap. C.: aram immolato agno, H.: anguis aureis maculis sparsus, flecked, L.: priscis sparsa tabellis Porticus Livia, O.: sparso ore, freckled, T.— To scatter, separate, disperse, divide, spread out: (aper) spargit canes, O.: sparsi per vias speculatores, L.: spargas tua prodigus, dissipate, H.—Fig., to distribute, spread abroad, spread, extend, disseminate: animos in corpora humana: nomen per urbīs Theseos, O.: vestigia fugae, Cu.: voces In volgum, V.—Esp., of speech, to intersperse, interpose: Sparge subinde (with direct quotation), keep interspersing, H.* * *spargere, sparsi, sparsus Vscatter, strew, sprinkle; spot -
107 suādeō
suādeō sī, sus, ēre [SVAD-], to advise, recommend, exhort, urge, persuade: non iubeo, sed suadeo: recte, T.: ita faciam, ut suades: an C. Trebonio persuasi? cui ne suadere quidem ausus essem: coepi suadere pacem: digito silentia, O.: Quid mi suades? H.: vide ne facinus facias, cum mori suadeas: Iuturnam succurrere fratri, V.: sibi, nihil esse in vitā expetendum, etc., to be persuaded: suadebit tibi, ut hinc discedas: me, ut sibi essem legatus: se suadere, Pharnabazo id negoti daret, N.—Of things, to urge, induce, impel: leo per ovilia turbans, Suadet enim fames, V.: me pietas matris potius commodum suadet sequi, T.: tibi saepes somnum suadebit inire susurro, V.—Of proposed enactments, to recommend, advocate, promote, support: legem Voconiam magnā voce: suadendi dissuadendi legem potestas, L.* * *suadere, suasi, suasus Vurge, recommend; suggest; induce; propose, persuade, advise -
108 sub-mergō (summ-)
sub-mergō (summ-) sī, sus, ere, to dip, plunge under, sink, overwhelm, submerge: submersus equus voraginibus: genera submersarum beluarum: navis submersa, Cs.: ferrum submersum in undā, O.: ipsos ponto, V.: procellis submersi sumus, L. -
109 subulcus
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110 sub-vertō (-vortō)
sub-vertō (-vortō) tī, sus, ere, to turn upside down, upset, overturn, overthrow: calceus Si pede maior erit, subvertet, H.: tantas operum moles, O.: subvorsi montes, S.—Fig., to overthrow, ruin, destroy, subvert: nos, undo, T.: decretum consulis, S.: iura, T. -
111 Suculae
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112 suīllus
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113 suovetaurīlia
suovetaurīlia ium, n [sus+ovis+taurus], a sacrifice of lustration, consisting of a swine, a sheep. and a bull.: exercitum suovetaurilibus lustravit, L. -
114 suspendō
suspendō dī, sus, ere [subs (see sub)+pendo], to hang up, hang, suspend: reste suspensus, L.: Oscilla ex altā pinu, V.: tignis nidum, V.: Stamina suspendit telā, O.: in trutinā Homerum, Iu.: Nec sua credulitas piscem suspenderat hamo, had caught, O.: (pueri) Laevo suspensi loculos lacerto, with satchels hanging on their arms, H.: (tellurem) sulco, i. e. turn up, V.— To choke to death by hanging, hang: arbori infelici suspendito: se de ficu.—Of votive offerings, to hang up, dedicate, consecrate: votas suspendere vestīs, V.: Vestimenta maris deo, H.—Of buildings, to build on arches, hang, support, prop: quod ita aedificatum est, ut suspendi non possit: duo tigna suspenderent eam contignationem, propped, Cs.: suspenso furculis muro, L.—Of the looks, to fix, hang: Suspendit pictā voltum mentemque tabellā, H.— With naso, to turn up the nose at, sneer at: naso suspendis adunco Ignotos, H.: omnia naso, H.— Fig., pass, to depend, rest: nec extrinsecus aut bene aut male vivendi suspensas habere rationes, dependent upon externals.—To hang up, suspend, make uncertain, render doubtful, keep in suspense: medio responso rem, L.: omnium animos exspectatione, Cu.— To hang up, stay, stop, check, inter rupt, suspend: fletum, O.: lacrimas, O.* * *suspendere, suspendi, suspensus Vhang up, suspend -
115 tergeō
tergeō sī, sus, ēre [STRAG-], to rub off, wipe off, wipe dry, wipe clean, cleanse: qui tractant ista, qui tergent: clipeos et spicula, polish, V.: arma, L.: ut tersis niteant talaria plantis, O.: gallinā palatum, to tickle the palate, H.* * *tergere, tersi, tersus Vrub, wipe; wipe off, wipe dry; clean, cleanse -
116 trūdō
trūdō sī, sus, ere [TRVD-], to thrust, push, shove, crowd forward, press on, drive, impel: pectore montem, V.: glaciem cum flumina trudunt, V.: Apros in plagas, H.—Of plants, to push forth, put forth, send forth: (pampinus) trudit gemmas, V.: Truditur e sicco radix oleagina ligno, V.— Fig., to push, thrust forward, drive: fallacia Alia aliam trudit, presses hard upon, T.: in quae (comitia) trudit Auli filium, puts forward: Truditur dies die, H.* * *trudere, trusi, trusus Vthrust, push, shove; drive, force; drive on -
117 vertō or vortō
vertō or vortō tī, sus, ere [VERT-], to turn, turn up, turn back, direct: cardinem, O.: verso pede, O.: Non ante verso cado, i. e. emptied, H.: crateras, V.: verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus: gens ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit, i. e. is situated, Cu.: in circumsedentis Capuam se vertit, i. e. directs his attack, L.— Intrans, to turn, turn back: versuros extemplo in fugam omnes ratus, L.— Pass, to be turned, be directed, face, look: fenestrae in viam versae, L.: nunc ad fontes, nunc ad mare versus, O.—To turn about, be engaged, move, be, be situated: Magno in periclo vita vertetur tua, Ph.: in maiore discrimine verti, L.: ipse catervis Vertitur in mediis, V.—To turn back, turn about, reverse: Pompeiani se verterunt et loco cesserunt, wheeled about, Cs.: hostes terga verterunt, fled, Cs.: hostem in fugam, put to flight, L.: Hiemps piscīs ad hoc vertat mare, H.—To turn over, turn up: versā pulvis inscribitur hastā, V.: Vertitur interea caelum, revolves, V.: terram aratro, H.: versis glaebis, O.—To turn, ply, drive: stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo, V.—Fig., to turn, direct, convert, appropriate: ex illā pecuniā magnam partem ad se: congressi certamine irarum ad caedem vertuntur, i. e. are driven, L.: ne ea, quae rei p. causā egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat, Cs.: omen in Macedonum metum, Cu.: in religionem vertentes comitia biennio habita, making a matter of religious scruple, L.: Philippus totus in Persea versus, inclined towards, L.: quo me vertam? T.: quo se verteret, non habebat: si bellum omne eo vertat, L.: di vortant bene, Quod agas, prosper, T.—To ascribe, refer: quae alia in deum iras velut ultima malorum vertunt, L.: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, impute as a fault.—Pass., to turn, depend, rest, hang: hic victoria, V.: cum circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur, L.: omnia in unius potestate vertentur: spes civitatis in dictatore, L.: vertebatur, utrum manerent, an, etc., i. e. the question was discussed, L.—To turn, change, alter, transform, convert, metamorphose: terra in aquam se vertit: Verte omnīs tete in facies, V.: Auster in Africum se vertit, Cs.: versa et mutata in peiorem partem sint omnia: cur nunc tua quisquam Vertere iussa potest, V.: saevus apertam In rabiem coepit verti iocus, H.: nullā tamen alite verti Dignatur, nisi, etc., O.—Prov.: ubi omne Verterat in fumum et cinerem, i. e. had dissipated, H.— With solum, to change abode, leave the country: qui exsili causā solum verterit.—In language, to turn, translate, interpret: Platonem: annales Acilianos ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem, L.—To turn, overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy: vertit ad extremum omnia: Cycnum Vi multā, O.: ab imo moenia Troiae, V.: ne Armenia scelere verteretur, Ta.: versā Caesarum sobole, Ta.—To turn, change, be changed: iam verterat fortuna, L.—To turn, be directed, turn out, result: verterat Scipionum invidia in praetorem, L.: (quae res) tibi vertat male, turn out badly, T.: quod bene verteret, Cu.: quod nec vertat bene, V.: quod si esset factum, detrimentum in bonum verteret, Cs.: ea ludificatio veri in verum vertit, L.—Of time, in the phrase, annus vertens, the returning year, space of a year, full year: anno vertente sine controversiā (petisses); cf. annus vertens, the great cycle of the stars. -
118 vīsō
vīsō sī, sus, ere, freq. [video], to look at attentively, view, behold, survey: ex muris visite agros vestros ferro ignique vastatos, L.: visendi causā venire: ornatu visendo, worth seeing.—To go to look, see to, look after, ascertain: vise redieritne iam an non dum domum, T.—To go to see, visit. uxorem Pamphili, T.: Paphon, H.: propter quem Thespiae visuntur, is visited: nos longo intervallo: It visere ad eam, T.: Ibit ad amicam, Visat! O.* * *visere, visi, visus Vvisit, go to see; look at -
119 volnificus (vuln-)
volnificus (vuln-) adj. [volnus+2 FAC-], wound-inflicting, wounding: sus, O.: chalybs, V. -
120 A
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.
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