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41 Heinkel, Ernst

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 24 January 1888 Grünbach, Remstal, Germany

d. 30 January 1958 Stuttgart, Germany

[br]

German aeroplane designer who was responsible for the first jet aeroplane to fly.

[br]

The son of a coppersmith, as a young man Ernst Heinkel was much affected by seeing the Zeppelin LZ 4 crash and burn out at Echterdringen, near Stuttgart. After studying engineering, in 1910 he designed his first aeroplane, but it crashed; he was more successful the following year when he made a flight in it, with an engine on hire from the Daimler company. After a period working for a firm near Munich and for LVG at Johannisthal, near Berlin, he moved to the Albatros Company of Berlin with a monthly salary of 425 marks. In May 1913 he moved to Lake Constance to work on the design of sea-planes and in May 1914 he moved again, this time to the Brandenburg Company, where he remained as a designer until 1922, when he founded his own company, Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke. Following the First World War, German companies were not allowed to build military aircraft, which was frustrating for Heinkel whose main interest was high-speed aircraft. His sleek He 70 airliner, built for Lufthansa, was designed to carry four passengers at high speeds: indeed it broke many records in 1933. Lufthansa decided it needed a larger version capable of carrying ten passengers, so Heinkel produced his most famous aeroplane, the He 111. Although it was designed as a twin-engined airliner on the surface, secretly Heinkel was producing a bomber. The airliner version first flew on Lufthansa routes in 1936, and by 1939 almost 1,000 bombers were in service with the Luftwaffe. A larger four-engined bomber, the He 177, ran into development problems and it did not see service until late in the Second World War. Heinkel's quest for speed led to the He 176 rocket-powered research aeroplane which flew on 20 June 1939, but Hitler and Goering were not impressed. The He 178, with Dr Hans von Ohain's jet engine, made its historic first flight a few weeks later on 27 August 1939; this was almost two years before the maiden flight in Britain of the Gloster E 28/39, powered by Whittle's jet engine. This project was a private venture by Heinkel and was carried out in great secrecy, so the world's first jet aircraft went almost unnoticed. Heinkel's jet fighters, the He 280 and the He 162, were never fully operational. After the war, Heinkel in 1950 set up a new company which made bicycles, motor cycles and "bubble" cars.

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Bibliography

1956, He 1000, trans. M.Savill, London: Hutchinson (the English edition of his autobiography).

Further Reading

J.Stroud, 1966, European Transport Aircraft since 1910, London.

Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II, London: Jane's; reprinted 1989.

P. St J.Turner, 1970, Heinkel: An Aircraft Album, London.

H.J.Nowarra, 1975, Heinkel und seine Flugzeuge, Munich (a comprehensive record of his aircraft).

JDS / IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Heinkel, Ernst
42 Menzies, Michael

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology, Mining and extraction technology

[br]

b. end of the seventeenth century Lanarkshire, Scotland (?)

d. 13 December 1766 Edinburgh, Scotland

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Scottish inventor and lawyer.

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Menzies was admitted as a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 31 January 1719. It is evident from his applications for patents that he was more concerned with inventions than the law, however. He took out his first patent in 1734 for a threshing machine in which a number of flails were attached to a horizontal axis, which was moved rapidly forwards and backwards through half a revolution, essentially imitating the action of an ordinary flail. The grain to be threshed was placed on either side.

Though not a practical success, Menzies's invention seems to have been the first for the mechanical threshing of grain. His idea of imitating non-mechanized action also influenced his invention of a coal cutter, for which he took out a patent in 1761 and which copied miners' tools for obtaining coal. He proposed to carry heavy chains down the pit so that they could be used to give motion to iron picks, saws or other chains with cutting implements. The chains could be set into motion by a steam-engine, by water-or windmills, or by horses gins. Although it is quite obvious that this apparatus could not work, Menzies was the first to have thought of mechanizing coal production in the style that was in use in the late twentieth century. Subsequent to Menzies's proposal, many inventors at varying intervals followed this direction until the problem was finally solved one century later by, among others, W.E. Garforth.

Menzies had successfully used the power of a steam-engine on the Wear eight years beforehand, when he obtained a patent for raising coal. According to his device a descending bucket filled with water raised a basket of coals, while a steam-engine pumped the water back to the surface; the balance-tub system, in various forms, quickly spread to other coalfields. Menzies's patent from 1750 for improved methods of carrying the coals from the coalface to the pit-shaft had also been of considerable influence: this device employed self-acting inclined planes, whereon the descending loaded wagons hauled up the empty ones.

[br]

Further Reading

The article entitled "Michael Menzies" in the Dictionary of National Biography neglects Menzies's inventions for mining. A comprehensive evaluation of his influence on coal cutting is given in the introductory chapter of S.F.Walker, 1902, Coal-Cutting by

Machinery, London.

WK

Biographical history of technology > Menzies, Michael
43 agua

f.

1 water.

agua del grifo tap water

agua con hielo iced water

agua de lavanda lavender water

aguas menores urine

agua mineral (sin gas/con gas) (still/sparkling) mineral water

agua oxigenada hydrogen peroxide

agua potable drinking water

aguas residuales sewage

agua salada salt water

aguas termales thermal spring waters

aguas territoriales territorial waters

agua de colonia eau de cologne

agua corriente running water

agua destilada distilled water

agua dulce fresh water

agua embotellada bottled water

2 slope.

un tejado de dos aguas a ridged roof

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: aguar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: aguar.

* * *

agua

(Takes el in singular)

► nombre femenino

1 water

■ echarse al agua to dive in

2 (lluvia) rain

3 ARQUITECTURA slope of a roof

■ tejado a dos aguas pitched roof

► nombre femenino plural aguas

1 (del mar, río) waters

■ aguas arriba upstream

2 (de brillante) water sing, sparkle sing

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

claro como el agua crystal clear

como agua de mayo a godsend

como dos gotas de agua like two peas in a pod

estar con el agua al cuello figurado to be up to one's neck in it

estar entre dos aguas to sit on the fence

hacérsele la boca agua a uno figurado to make one's mouth water

hacerse una cosa agua en la boca to melt in one's mouth

nunca digas de esta agua no beberé never say never

romper aguas to break waters

agua bendita holy water

agua corriente running water

agua de colonia (eau de) cologne

agua de lluvia rainwater

agua de mar seawater

agua del grifo tap water

agua dulce fresh water

agua mineral con gas sparkling mineral water

agua mineral sin gas still mineral water

agua oxigenada hydrogen peroxide

agua potable drinking water

agua salada salt water

aguas jurisdiccionales territorial waters

aguas menores familiar pee sing

aguas residuales sewage sing

aguas termales thermal springs

* * *

noun f.

water

- agua corriente
- agua dulce
- agua mineral
- agua oxigenada
- aguas residuales
* * *

SF

1) [para beber, lavar] water

lavar en agua fría — wash in cold water

dame agua — give me a drink of water

un motor refrigerado por agua — a water-cooled engine

dos aguas con gas y una sin gas, por favor — two sparkling mineral waters and one still one, please

ha sido un invierno de mucha agua — it's been a very wet winter, we've had a lot of rain this winter

¡hombre al agua! — man overboard!

• lanzar un barco al agua — to launch a boat

• caer agua — to rain

hace falta que caiga mucha agua — we need a lot of rain

cayó agua a mares — it poured down

• echarse al agua — (lit) to dive in; (fig) to take the plunge

• ¡agua va! — look out!, careful!

sin decir agua va — without (any) warning

- bailar el agua a algn

- bañarse en agua de rosas

hacérsele la boca agua a algn Esp, hacérsele agua la boca a algn LAm —

se me hace la boca agua solo de pensar en la sopa — just thinking about the soup makes my mouth water, my mouth is watering just thinking about the soup

se le hace la boca agua de pensar en los beneficios — he's drooling at the thought of the profit he'll make

- quedar en agua de borrajas

- cambiar el agua al canario o a las aceitunas

- coger agua en cesto

- como agua para chocolate

- estar con el agua al cuello

- ¿me da para mis aguas?

- echar a algn al agua

- gastar el dinero como agua

como agua de mayo Esp —

esperan la privatización como agua de mayo — they are eagerly awaiting privatization

la noticia fue recibida como agua de mayo en los mercados financieros — the news was welcomed with open arms on the financial markets

este dinero nos viene como agua de mayo — this money is a godsend, this money couldn't have come at a better time

- llevar el agua a su molino

- mear agua bendita

- es agua pasada

- pescar en agua turbia

- sacar agua de las piedras

- de primera agua

- ser como el agua por San Juan

- agua que no has de beber déjala correr

- nunca digas de esta agua no beberé

- de las aguas mansas me libre Dios

- agua pasada no mueve molino

- lo que por agua viene, por agua se va

agua bendita — holy water

agua blanda — soft water

agua corriente — running water

agua (de) cuba — Chile bleach

agua de cebada — barley water

agua de colonia — eau de cologne

agua de espliego — lavender water

agua de fregar — dishwater

agua de fuego — firewater

agua de fusión de la nieve — meltwater

agua de lavanda — lavender water

agua del grifo — tap water

agua de lluvia — rainwater

agua de mar — sea water

agua de rosas — rosewater

agua de seltz — seltzer, soda (water), seltzer water (EEUU)

agua destilada — distilled water

agua dulce — fresh water

un pez de agua dulce — a freshwater fish

agua dura — hard water

agua fuerte — nitric acid solution

agua Jane — ® Uru bleach

agua mineral — mineral water

agua mineral con gas — sparkling mineral water

agua mineral sin gas — still mineral water

agua nieve — sleet

cayó agua nieve — it was sleeting

agua oxigenada — hydrogen peroxide

agua (de) panela — Col, Ven hot lemon

agua perra — Chile boiled water ( drunk for its cleansing properties)

agua pesada — heavy water

agua potable — drinking water

agua salada — salt water

un pez de agua salada — a saltwater fish

agua tónica — tonic water
claro, grabado, vía
2) CAm, And (=gaseosa) fizzy drink, soda (EEUU); (=infusión) herbal tea

agua de manzanilla — camomile tea

3) CAm (=zumo) juice

agua de pera — pear juice

4) pl aguas [de mar, río] waters; [de la marea] tide sing

las frías aguas del Atlántico — the cold waters of the Atlantic

Dios creó las aguas — God created the seas and the oceans

• aguas abajo — downstream, downriver

• aguas arriba — upstream, upriver

• hacer aguas — [barco] to take in water; [explicación, teoría] to be full of holes, not to hold water; [relación, organización, proyecto] to founder

nuestro mercado interno hacía agua — our domestic market was foundering o in trouble

• romper aguas, rompió aguas camino del hospital — her waters broke on the way to the hospital

• tomar las aguas — to take the waters

- estar o nadar entre dos aguas

volver las aguas a su cauce —

las aguas están volviendo a su cauce — things are returning to normal

aguas amnióticas — amniotic fluid sing

aguas de consumo — drinking water sing

aguas de escorrentía — run-off water sing

aguas de pantoque — bilge water sing

aguas fecales — sewage sing

aguas internacionales — international waters

aguas jurisdiccionales — territorial waters

aguas litorales — coastal waters

aguas llenas — high tide sing

aguas mayores — euf faeces sing frm, feces sing (EEUU) frm

hacer aguas mayores — to have a bowel movement

aguas menores — euf urine sing

hacer aguas menores — to pass water

aguas muertas — neap tide sing

aguas negras, aguas residuales, aguas servidas — Cono Sur sewage sing

aguas subterráneas — groundwater sing

aguas superficiales — surface water sing

aguas termales — thermal springs

aguas territoriales — territorial waters

5) pl aguas (=ondulación)

a) [de piedra preciosa] veins

la malaquita tenía unas aguas blancas — the malachite had white veins in it

un papel azul haciendo aguas — a blue paper with a marbled design

b) [de tejado] pitch, slope

cubrir aguas — to put the roof on, top out

tejado a dos aguas — gabled roof

tejado a cuatro aguas — hipped roof

6) pl aguas (=destello) sparkle sing

el diamante tenía unas aguas preciosas — the diamond sparkled beautifully, the diamond had a wonderful sparkle

* * *

femenino‡

1) water

agua de lluvia/mar — rainwater/seawater

bailarle el agua a alguien — ( adularlo) (Esp fam) to suck up to somebody (colloq)

cambiarle el agua a las aceitunas or al canario — (fam & hum) to take o have a leak (colloq & hum)

como agua para chocolate — (Méx fam) furious

estar con el agua al cuello — to be up to one's neck

estar más claro que el agua — to be (patently) obvious

hacer agua — embarcación to take in water; negocio/institución to founder

hacérsele agua la boca a alguien — (AmL)

se me hizo agua la boca — it made my mouth water

ha corrido or pasado mucha agua bajo el puente — a lot of water has flowed under the bridge since then

llevar el agua a su molino — to turn things to one's advantage

lo que por agua viene, por agua se va — (Col) easy come, easy go

más claro, échale or echarle agua — it's obvious

quedar en agua de borrajas — to come to nothing

ser agua pasada — to be a thing of the past

sin decir agua va — without so much as a by-your-leave

venirle a alguien como agua de mayo — (Esp) to come just at the right moment

agua pasada no mueve molino — it's no use crying over spilt milk

agua que no has de beber déjala correr — if you're not interested, don't spoil things for me/for other people

nunca digas de esta agua no beberé — you never know when the same thing might happen to you

- agua bendita

- agua corriente/destilada

- agua de colonia

- agua de rosas

- agua dulce

- agua mineral

- agua oxigenada

- agua potable/salada

- aguas negras

- agua tónica or quina

2) ( lluvia) rain

- agua nieve

3) (AmC, Andes)

a) (fam) ( bebida gaseosa) soda (AmE), fizzy drink (BrE)

b) ( infusión) herb tea (AmE), herbal tea (BrE)

agua de menta — mint tea

4) aguas femenino plural

a) (de mar, río) waters (pl)

estar or nadar entre dos aguas — to sit on the fence

los votantes que están entre dos aguas — the undecided voters

volver las aguas a su cauce: una vez que las aguas vuelvan a su cauce — once things settle down o return to normal

b) (de balneario, manantial) waters (pl)

tomar las aguas — to take the waters

- aguas jurisdiccionales/territoriales

- aguas termales

5) aguas femenino plural (Fisiol) tb

aguas amnióticas — amniotic fluid

rompió aguas — her waters broke

- aguas mayores

- aguas menores

6) aguas femenino plural ( vertientes) slope

tejado a dos aguas — gable o apex o saddle roof

* * *

= water.

Ex. We are thus concerned with a virtually limitless number of concepts - building, book, reading, colour, sea, water, summer, England, 1066 AD - any concepts you like.

----

* abastecimiento de agua = water supply.

* absorción del agua = water absorption.

* achicar agua = bale out + water, bail + water.

* a cuatro aguas = hipped.

* aerobics en el agua = water aerobics.

* agua + arrastrar = wash away.

* agua bendita = holy water.

* agua caliente = hot water.

* agua con gas = carbonated water.

* agua con jabón = soapy water.

* agua corriente = running water.

* agua de colonia = eau de cologne.

* agua del grifo = tap water.

* agua de lluvia = rain water.

* agua del mar = sea-water [seawater].

* agua de manantial = spring water.

* agua de mojado = fountain solution.

* agua de riego = irrigation water.

* agua destilada = distilled water.

* agua dulce = freshwater [fresh water].

* agua embotellada = bottled water.

* agua en botella = bottled water.

* agua estancada = stagnant backwater, backwater, stagnant water.

* agua fría = cold water.

* agua helada = ice water.

* agua hirviendo = boiling water.

* agua jabonosa = soapy water.

* agua limpia de impurezas = purified water.

* agua + llevar = wash away.

* agua marina = sea-water [seawater].

* agua mineral = mineral water, spring water.

* agua normal = still water.

* agua oxigenada = hydrogen peroxide.

* agua poco profunda = shallow water.

* agua potable = drinking water.

* agua purificada = purified water.

* aguas abajo = downstream.

* agua salada = salt water [saltwater].

* agua salobre = salt water [saltwater].

* aguas arriba = upstream.

* aguas bravas = whitewater, turbulent waters.

* aguas costeras = coastal waters.

* agua sin gas = still water.

* aguas internacionales = international waters.

* aguas jurisdiccionales = territorial waters, jurisdictional waters.

* aguas litorales = coastal waters.

* aguas mansas = still waters.

* aguas negras = waste water [wastewater], sewage, sewerage.

* aguas poco profundas = shallows.

* aguas polares = polar waters.

* aguas rápidas = whitewater, turbulent waters.

* aguas residuales = sewage, waste water [wastewater], liquid waste, sewerage.

* aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.

* aguas revueltas = rip, rip tide.

* aguas sucias = foul water.

* aguas templadas = temperate waters.

* aguas termales = thermal springs.

* aguas territoriales = territorial waters, territorial waters, home waters.

* aguas tranquilas = still waters.

* aguas turbias = muddy waters.

* aguas turbulentas = rip tide, turbulent waters.

* agua subterránea = groundwater.

* aguas + volver a su cauce = dust + settle.

* ahogarse en un vaso de agua = make + a mountain out of a molehill, get + worked up about nothing, fret about + nothing.

* al agua = water-based, overboard.

* bajo agua = undersea, underwater.

* baños de agua caliente = hot springs.

* barril con agua de beber = scuttlebutt.

* bomba de agua = water pump.

* bomba de agua caliente = heat-pump.

* brazo de agua = inlet.

* calentador de agua = water heater.

* cama de agua = waterbed [water bed].

* cambiarle el agua al canario = pee, take + a leak, have + a leak.

* cañón de agua = water cannon.

* caudal de agua = volume of water.

* caudal de agua o superficie acuática = body of water.

* causado por el agua = water-related.

* cloración del agua = water chlorination.

* cocodrilo de agua salada = saltie.

* colchón de agua = waterbed [water bed].

* como dos gotas de agua = as alike as two peas in a pod, like two peas in a pod.

* como pez fuera del agua = like a fish out of water.

* compañía suministradora de agua = water authority, water board, water company.

* con el agua al cuello = in hot water.

* con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.

* conservar agua = conserve + water.

* contador del agua = water meter.

* contaminación del agua = water pollution.

* contaminación de las aguas subterráneas = groundwater pollution, groundwater contamination.

* con tejado a dos aguas = gabled.

* corriente de agua = water body [waterbody].

* cortar el agua = cut off + the water.

* cuando el río, suena agua lleva = there's no smoke without fire, where there's smoke there's fire.

* curso de agua = water body [waterbody].

* daño causado por el agua = water damage.

* dar agua = lose + water, leak.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* dejar el agua correr = let bygones be bygones.

* depósito de agua elevado = water tower.

* descenso de aguas bravas = rafting.

* deslizarse sobre el agua = aquaplane.

* detector de agua = water detector.

* diluir con agua = dilute with + water.

* empleado de la compañía suministradora de agua = water board engineer.

* escape de agua = water leakage, water leak.

* escasez de agua = water shortage.

* factura de electricidad, agua o gas = utility bill.

* falta de agua = water shortage.

* falto de agua = waterless.

* flor que echa un chorro de agua = squirting flower.

* fuente de agua = drinking fountain, water fountain, bubbler.

* fuga de agua = water leakage, water leak.

* gato escaldado del agua fría huye = once bitten, twice shy.

* gestión de aguas = water management.

* hacer agua = Negativo + hold + water.

* hacer agua(s) = spring + a leak.

* hacerse la boca agua = make + Posesivo + mouth water.

* hervidora eléctrica de agua = electric kettle.

* hervidor de agua = kettle.

* hervir agua = boil + water.

* hilo de agua = trickle.

* impulsado por el agua = water-powered.

* jarro de agua fría = slap in the face.

* lavar con agua = rinse off.

* lavar con agua abudante = sluice.

* limpiar con agua = wash away.

* línea de agua, la = water line, the.

* llave de paso del agua = water valve.

* llevarse el gato al agua = steal + the show, steal + the limelight, the nod + go to.

* manta de agua = downpour, rainstorm, pelting rain, soaking rain.

* marca de agua = watermark.

* marcas de agua = watermarking.

* marcas de agua digitales = digital watermarking.

* más claro el agua = as clear as a bell.

* más claro que el agua = as clear as a bell.

* molino de agua = water mill.

* nadar entre dos aguas = sit on + the fence, fall between + two stools.

* nivel del agua = water level.

* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.

* nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.

* orilla del agua = water's edge.

* pecina de las aguas residuales = sewage sludge.

* perder agua = lose + water, leak.

* pez de agua dulce = freshwater fish.

* pila del agua bendita = holy water font.

* pintura al agua = gouache, water-based paint.

* planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage plant, sewage treatment plant.

* que da agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* que el agua disuelve = water-fugitive.

* que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.

* que no absorbe el agua o la humedad = non-hygroscopic.

* que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* red de agua potable = water mains.

* red de agua potable, la = mains, the.

* red de suministro de agua potable, la = water mains, mains, the.

* reservas de agua subterránea = groundwater reservoir.

* resistente al agua = water resistant.

* restricciones de agua = water restrictions.

* ron con agua = grog.

* salto de agua = waterfall, fall.

* seda formando aguas = watered silk.

* sentirse como pez en el agua = take to + Nombre + like ducks to water.

* ser una raya en el agua = be good for nothing.

* sin agua = waterless.

* sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.

* sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.

* sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.

* tan claro como el agua = as clear as a bell.

* tejado a cuatro aguas = hip roof, hipped roof.

* tetera para hervir agua = kettle.

* tortuga de agua dulce = terrapin.

* transmitido por el agua = waterborne.

* transportado por el agua = waterborne.

* tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage treatment, sewage disposal, waste water treatment.

* tratamiento del agua = water treatment.

* tromba de agua = pelting rain, downpour, waterspout, soaking rain.

* una tormenta en un vaso de agua = a tempest in a teapot.

* vapor de agua = water vapour.

* volumen de agua = volume of water.

* * *

femenino‡

1) water

agua de lluvia/mar — rainwater/seawater

bailarle el agua a alguien — ( adularlo) (Esp fam) to suck up to somebody (colloq)

cambiarle el agua a las aceitunas or al canario — (fam & hum) to take o have a leak (colloq & hum)

como agua para chocolate — (Méx fam) furious

estar con el agua al cuello — to be up to one's neck

estar más claro que el agua — to be (patently) obvious

hacer agua — embarcación to take in water; negocio/institución to founder

hacérsele agua la boca a alguien — (AmL)

se me hizo agua la boca — it made my mouth water

ha corrido or pasado mucha agua bajo el puente — a lot of water has flowed under the bridge since then

llevar el agua a su molino — to turn things to one's advantage

lo que por agua viene, por agua se va — (Col) easy come, easy go

más claro, échale or echarle agua — it's obvious

quedar en agua de borrajas — to come to nothing

ser agua pasada — to be a thing of the past

sin decir agua va — without so much as a by-your-leave

venirle a alguien como agua de mayo — (Esp) to come just at the right moment

agua pasada no mueve molino — it's no use crying over spilt milk

agua que no has de beber déjala correr — if you're not interested, don't spoil things for me/for other people

nunca digas de esta agua no beberé — you never know when the same thing might happen to you

- agua bendita

- agua corriente/destilada

- agua de colonia

- agua de rosas

- agua dulce

- agua mineral

- agua oxigenada

- agua potable/salada

- aguas negras

- agua tónica or quina

2) ( lluvia) rain

- agua nieve

3) (AmC, Andes)

a) (fam) ( bebida gaseosa) soda (AmE), fizzy drink (BrE)

b) ( infusión) herb tea (AmE), herbal tea (BrE)

agua de menta — mint tea

4) aguas femenino plural

a) (de mar, río) waters (pl)

estar or nadar entre dos aguas — to sit on the fence

los votantes que están entre dos aguas — the undecided voters

volver las aguas a su cauce: una vez que las aguas vuelvan a su cauce — once things settle down o return to normal

b) (de balneario, manantial) waters (pl)

tomar las aguas — to take the waters

- aguas jurisdiccionales/territoriales

- aguas termales

5) aguas femenino plural (Fisiol) tb

aguas amnióticas — amniotic fluid

rompió aguas — her waters broke

- aguas mayores

- aguas menores

6) aguas femenino plural ( vertientes) slope

tejado a dos aguas — gable o apex o saddle roof

* * *

= water.

Ex: We are thus concerned with a virtually limitless number of concepts - building, book, reading, colour, sea, water, summer, England, 1066 AD - any concepts you like.

* abastecimiento de agua = water supply.

* absorción del agua = water absorption.

* achicar agua = bale out + water, bail + water.

* a cuatro aguas = hipped.

* aerobics en el agua = water aerobics.

* agua + arrastrar = wash away.

* agua bendita = holy water.

* agua caliente = hot water.

* agua con gas = carbonated water.

* agua con jabón = soapy water.

* agua corriente = running water.

* agua de colonia = eau de cologne.

* agua del grifo = tap water.

* agua de lluvia = rain water.

* agua del mar = sea-water [seawater].

* agua de manantial = spring water.

* agua de mojado = fountain solution.

* agua de riego = irrigation water.

* agua destilada = distilled water.

* agua dulce = freshwater [fresh water].

* agua embotellada = bottled water.

* agua en botella = bottled water.

* agua estancada = stagnant backwater, backwater, stagnant water.

* agua fría = cold water.

* agua helada = ice water.

* agua hirviendo = boiling water.

* agua jabonosa = soapy water.

* agua limpia de impurezas = purified water.

* agua + llevar = wash away.

* agua marina = sea-water [seawater].

* agua mineral = mineral water, spring water.

* agua normal = still water.

* agua oxigenada = hydrogen peroxide.

* agua poco profunda = shallow water.

* agua potable = drinking water.

* agua purificada = purified water.

* aguas abajo = downstream.

* agua salada = salt water [saltwater].

* agua salobre = salt water [saltwater].

* aguas arriba = upstream.

* aguas bravas = whitewater, turbulent waters.

* aguas costeras = coastal waters.

* agua sin gas = still water.

* aguas internacionales = international waters.

* aguas jurisdiccionales = territorial waters, jurisdictional waters.

* aguas litorales = coastal waters.

* aguas mansas = still waters.

* aguas negras = waste water [wastewater], sewage, sewerage.

* aguas poco profundas = shallows.

* aguas polares = polar waters.

* aguas rápidas = whitewater, turbulent waters.

* aguas residuales = sewage, waste water [wastewater], liquid waste, sewerage.

* aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.

* aguas revueltas = rip, rip tide.

* aguas sucias = foul water.

* aguas templadas = temperate waters.

* aguas termales = thermal springs.

* aguas territoriales = territorial waters, territorial waters, home waters.

* aguas tranquilas = still waters.

* aguas turbias = muddy waters.

* aguas turbulentas = rip tide, turbulent waters.

* agua subterránea = groundwater.

* aguas + volver a su cauce = dust + settle.

* ahogarse en un vaso de agua = make + a mountain out of a molehill, get + worked up about nothing, fret about + nothing.

* al agua = water-based, overboard.

* bajo agua = undersea, underwater.

* baños de agua caliente = hot springs.

* barril con agua de beber = scuttlebutt.

* bomba de agua = water pump.

* bomba de agua caliente = heat-pump.

* brazo de agua = inlet.

* calentador de agua = water heater.

* cama de agua = waterbed [water bed].

* cambiarle el agua al canario = pee, take + a leak, have + a leak.

* cañón de agua = water cannon.

* caudal de agua = volume of water.

* caudal de agua o superficie acuática = body of water.

* causado por el agua = water-related.

* cloración del agua = water chlorination.

* cocodrilo de agua salada = saltie.

* colchón de agua = waterbed [water bed].

* como dos gotas de agua = as alike as two peas in a pod, like two peas in a pod.

* como pez fuera del agua = like a fish out of water.

* compañía suministradora de agua = water authority, water board, water company.

* con el agua al cuello = in hot water.

* con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.

* conservar agua = conserve + water.

* contador del agua = water meter.

* contaminación del agua = water pollution.

* contaminación de las aguas subterráneas = groundwater pollution, groundwater contamination.

* con tejado a dos aguas = gabled.

* corriente de agua = water body [waterbody].

* cortar el agua = cut off + the water.

* cuando el río, suena agua lleva = there's no smoke without fire, where there's smoke there's fire.

* curso de agua = water body [waterbody].

* daño causado por el agua = water damage.

* dar agua = lose + water, leak.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* dejar el agua correr = let bygones be bygones.

* depósito de agua elevado = water tower.

* descenso de aguas bravas = rafting.

* deslizarse sobre el agua = aquaplane.

* detector de agua = water detector.

* diluir con agua = dilute with + water.

* empleado de la compañía suministradora de agua = water board engineer.

* escape de agua = water leakage, water leak.

* escasez de agua = water shortage.

* factura de electricidad, agua o gas = utility bill.

* falta de agua = water shortage.

* falto de agua = waterless.

* flor que echa un chorro de agua = squirting flower.

* fuente de agua = drinking fountain, water fountain, bubbler.

* fuga de agua = water leakage, water leak.

* gato escaldado del agua fría huye = once bitten, twice shy.

* gestión de aguas = water management.

* hacer agua = Negativo + hold + water.

* hacer agua(s) = spring + a leak.

* hacerse la boca agua = make + Posesivo + mouth water.

* hervidora eléctrica de agua = electric kettle.

* hervidor de agua = kettle.

* hervir agua = boil + water.

* hilo de agua = trickle.

* impulsado por el agua = water-powered.

* jarro de agua fría = slap in the face.

* lavar con agua = rinse off.

* lavar con agua abudante = sluice.

* limpiar con agua = wash away.

* línea de agua, la = water line, the.

* llave de paso del agua = water valve.

* llevarse el gato al agua = steal + the show, steal + the limelight, the nod + go to.

* manta de agua = downpour, rainstorm, pelting rain, soaking rain.

* marca de agua = watermark.

* marcas de agua = watermarking.

* marcas de agua digitales = digital watermarking.

* más claro el agua = as clear as a bell.

* más claro que el agua = as clear as a bell.

* molino de agua = water mill.

* nadar entre dos aguas = sit on + the fence, fall between + two stools.

* nivel del agua = water level.

* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.

* nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.

* orilla del agua = water's edge.

* pecina de las aguas residuales = sewage sludge.

* perder agua = lose + water, leak.

* pez de agua dulce = freshwater fish.

* pila del agua bendita = holy water font.

* pintura al agua = gouache, water-based paint.

* planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage plant, sewage treatment plant.

* que da agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* que el agua disuelve = water-fugitive.

* que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.

* que no absorbe el agua o la humedad = non-hygroscopic.

* que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* red de agua potable = water mains.

* red de agua potable, la = mains, the.

* red de suministro de agua potable, la = water mains, mains, the.

* reservas de agua subterránea = groundwater reservoir.

* resistente al agua = water resistant.

* restricciones de agua = water restrictions.

* ron con agua = grog.

* salto de agua = waterfall, fall.

* seda formando aguas = watered silk.

* sentirse como pez en el agua = take to + Nombre + like ducks to water.

* ser una raya en el agua = be good for nothing.

* sin agua = waterless.

* sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.

* sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.

* sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.

* tan claro como el agua = as clear as a bell.

* tejado a cuatro aguas = hip roof, hipped roof.

* tetera para hervir agua = kettle.

* tortuga de agua dulce = terrapin.

* transmitido por el agua = waterborne.

* transportado por el agua = waterborne.

* tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage treatment, sewage disposal, waste water treatment.

* tratamiento del agua = water treatment.

* tromba de agua = pelting rain, downpour, waterspout, soaking rain.

* una tormenta en un vaso de agua = a tempest in a teapot.

* vapor de agua = water vapour.

* volumen de agua = volume of water.

* * *

agua

f‡

A water

esta agua no es potable this isn't drinking water

agua de la llave or ( Esp) del grifo or ( RPl) de la canilla or ( Per) del caño or (AmC, Ven) del chorro tap water

agua de lluvia rainwater

agua de mar seawater

nos han cortado el agua our water's been cut off

bailarle el agua a algn ( Esp fam) (adularlo) to suck up to sb ( colloq); ( Méx fam) (coquetearle) to give sb the come-on ( colloq)

cambiarle el agua a las aceitunas or al canario ( fam hum); to take o have a leak ( colloq hum)

como agua para chocolate ( Méx fam); furious

de primera agua ( Chi): una noticia de primera agua firsthand news

lo supo de primera agua he got it straight from the horse's mouth

echar a algn al agua ( Chi fam); to blow the whistle on sb ( colloq)

estar con el agua al cuello (en un aprieto) to be up to one's neck in problems ( colloq) (muy apurado) to be up to one's eyes in work

estar más claro que el agua to be as plain as day, be (patently) obvious, be as plain as the nose on your face ( colloq)

no pienso hacerle más favores, eso está más claro que el agua I'm not doing him any more favors, that's for sure

hacer agua «embarcación» to take in water;

«negocio/institución» to founder

la teoría hace agua por todos lados the theory doesn't hold water at all, the theory has a lot of flaws

boca f A 2. (↑ boca)

ha corrido or pasado mucha agua bajo el puente a lot of water has flowed under the bridge since then

llevar el agua a su molino to turn things to one's advantage

lo que por agua viene, por agua se va ( Col); easy come, easy go

más claro, échale or echarle agua it's as plain as day, it's obvious, it's as plain as the nose on your face ( colloq)

quedar en agua de borrajas to come to nothing

había interés pero todo quedó en agua de borrajas there was some interest but nothing came of it o but it all came to nothing

sacar agua de las piedras to make something out of nothing

ser agua pasada: olvídalo, ya es agua pasada forget it, that's water under the bridge

su amor por él ya es agua pasada her love for him is a thing of the past

sin decir agua va without so much as a by-your-leave

venirle a algn como agua de mayo ( Esp): este dinero me viene como agua de mayo this money is a real godsend o has come just at the right moment

agua pasada no mueve molino it's no use crying over spilt milk

agua que no has de beber déjala correr if you're not interested, don't spoil things for me/for other people

algo tendrá el agua cuando la bendicen (refiriéndose a una persona) there must be something about him/her; (refiriéndose a una cosa) there must be something in it

del agua mansa líbreme Dios que de la brava me libro yo still waters run deep

nunca digas de esta agua no beberé you never know when the same thing might happen to you

Compuestos:

● agua bendita

holy water

● agua blanda

soft water

● agua corriente

running water

● agua de cebada

barley water

● agua de colonia

eau de cologne

● agua (de) cuba

( Chi) bleach

● agua de escorrentía

run-off rainwater

● agua de espliego or de lavanda

lavender water

● agua de lluvia

rain water

● agua de mar

sea water

● agua (de) panela

( Col) drink made with hot water and unrefined sugar

● agua de rosas

rosewater

● agua de Seltz

soda (water), seltzer (water) ( AmE)

● agua destilada

distilled water

● agua dulce

fresh water

un pescado de agua dulce a freshwater fish

● agua dura

hard water

● agua fuerte

aqua fortis, nitric acid

● agua Jane®

(Ur) bleach

● agua mineral

mineral water

agua mineral con gas sparkling o carbonated mineral water, fizzy water ( BrE)

agua mineral sin gas still mineral water

● agua oxigenada

peroxide, hydrogen peroxide ( tech)

● agua perra

( Chi fam) boiled water ( drunk for health reasons)

● agua pesada

heavy water

● agua potable

drinking water

● agua regia

aqua regia

● agua salada

salt water

● aguas bautismales

fpl baptismal waters

● aguas negras

fpl sewage

● aguas pluviales

fpl rainwater

● aguas residuales

fpl sewage

● aguas servidas

fpl (CS) sewage

● agua tónica

tonic water

B (lluvia) rain

Compuesto:

agua nieve

sleet

C (AmC, Andes)

1 ( fam) (bebida gaseosa) soda ( AmE), pop ( AmE), fizzy drink ( BrE)

2 (infusión) tea, infusion ( frml)

tómate un agüita para el dolor de estómago have an herb ( AmE) o ( BrE) herbal tea for your stomachache

se tomó un agua de menta she had a cup of mint tea

D aguas fpl

1 (mares) waters (pl); (de un río) waters (pl)

los derechos de pesca en estas aguas fishing rights in these waters

la zona bañada por las aguas del Nilo the area through which the waters of the Nile flow

estar or nadar entre dos aguas to sit on the fence

los últimos esfuerzos para atraer a los votantes que están entre dos aguas the last-minute efforts to pick up the votes of those who are still undecided

volver las aguas a su cauce: una vez que las aguas vuelvan a su cauce hablaremos del asunto we'll talk the matter over once things settle down o return to normal

2 (de balneario, manantial) waters (pl)

tomar las aguas to take the waters

Compuestos:

● aguas jurisdiccionales

fpl territorial waters (pl)

● aguas litorales

fpl coastal waters

● aguas subterráneas

fpl ground water

● aguas superficiales

fpl surface water

● aguas termales

fpl thermal waters (pl)

● aguas territoriales

fpl territorial waters (pl)

E aguas fpl

(reflejos): una tela brillante y con aguas a shiny, watered fabric

un topacio con hermosas aguas a sparkling topaz

F aguas fpl ( Fisiol)

tb aguas amnióticas amniotic fluid

rompió aguas her waters broke

Compuestos:

● aguas mayores

( euf)

fpl: hacer aguas mayores to defecate ( frml), to move one's bowels ( euph)

● aguas menores

( euf)

fpl: hacer aguas menores to urinate ( frml), to pass water ( euph), to relieve oneself ( euph)

G aguas fpl (vertientes) slope

tejado a dos aguas gable o apex o saddle roof

cubrir aguas to put the roof on

* * *

Del verbo aguar: ( conjugate aguar)

agua es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
agua
aguar
agua feminine noun taking masculine article in the singular
1 water;
◊ agua de lluvia/mar rainwater/seawater;

agua corriente/destilada running/distilled water;
agua de colonia eau de cologne;
agua dulce fresh water;
agua mineral mineral water;
agua mineral con gas/sin gas sparkling/still mineral water;
agua oxigenada peroxide, hydrogen peroxide (tech);
agua potable/salada drinking/salt water;
como agua para chocolate (Méx fam) furious;
estar con el agua al cuello to be up to one's neck;
estar más claro que el agua to be (patently) obvious;
hacérsele agua la boca a algn (AmL): se me hizo agua la boca it made my mouth water;
ser agua pasada to be a thing of the past;
agua que no has de beber déjala correr if you're not interested, don't spoil things for me/for other people;
nunca digas de esta agua no beberé you never know when the same thing might happen to you
2 ( lluvia) rain
3 (AmC, Andes) ( infusión) herb tea (AmE), herbal tea (BrE);
◊ agua de menta mint tea

4
◊ aguas sustantivo femenino plural

a) (de mar, río) waters (pl)

b) (de balneario, manantial) waters (pl);

◊ tomar las aguas to take the waters;

◊ aguas termales thermal waters (pl)

aguar ( conjugate aguar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹leche/vino› to water down

b) (fam) ( estropear) to put a damper on (colloq)

aguarse verbo pronominal (fam) to be spoiled
agua sustantivo femenino water
agua bendita, holy water
agua corriente, running water
agua dulce, fresh water
agua mineral, mineral water
agua oxigenada, hydrogen peroxide
agua potable, drinking water
agua salada, salt water
aguas jurisdiccionales, territorial waters
aguas residuales, sewage sing
♦ Locuciones: figurado estar con el a. al cuello, to be up to one's neck in it
aguar verbo transitivo
1 to water down
2 (frustar, estropear) to spoil
♦ Locuciones: figurado aguar la fiesta a alguien, to spoil sb's fun
' agua' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abastecimiento
- achicar
- acometida
- acrecentar
- actuar
- aguatera
- aguatero
- ahogarse
- ajo
- apercibirse
- badén
- bailar
- bañar
- barro
- bautizar
- boca
- bomba
- bombear
- borraja
- bota
- brote
- buscar
- caída
- caliza
- calizo
- cangrejo
- chorro
- cobrador
- cobradora
- colonia
- columna
- concienciar
- conducción
- confluir
- consistente
- corriente
- corte
- dar
- depurar
- dimanar
- dulce
- echar
- empañar
- enchufar
- enturbiar
- escorrentía
- escurrirse
- estancar
- estancada
- estancado
English:
bitten
- board
- bob
- boil
- bring
- canteen
- churn
- clear
- coastguard
- cologne
- come up to
- conserve
- contaminate
- crystal-clear
- cut off
- dam
- dam up
- deluge
- dilute
- disconnect
- dishwater
- distil
- distill
- dive
- drain
- dredge up
- drinking
- eau de Cologne
- edge
- element
- emulsion paint
- escape
- expanse
- fizzy
- flounder
- font
- forced
- foul
- fresh
- freshwater
- geyser
- glass
- glassy
- godsend
- gush
- hard
- heave
- hot-water bottle
- ice over
- ice up

* * *

agua

♦ nf Takes the masculine articles el and un

1. [líquido] water

Comp
agua de azahar = drink made with orange blossom, used as a mild sedative;
aguas bautismales baptismal waters;

agua bendita holy water;

agua blanda soft water;
RP agua de la canilla tap water;
agua de coco coconut milk;

agua de colonia eau de Cologne;

agua corriente running water;

agua destilada distilled water;

agua dulce fresh water;

agua dura hard water;

agua embotellada bottled water;
Méx aguas frescas fresh fruit drinks;
agua fuerte nitric acid;

agua del grifo tap water;
Chile, Col, Méx agua de la llave tap water;
agua de lluvia rainwater;
Euf aguas mayores faeces;
agua medicinal water with medicinal properties;
Euf aguas menores urine;
agua de mesa bottled water, table water;
Fam Dep agua milagrosa ≈ magic sponge;
agua mineral mineral water;
Cuba [agua con gas] sparkling mineral water;
agua mineral con gas sparkling mineral water;

agua mineral sin gas still mineral water;
Cuba agua natural still mineral water;
aguas negras sewage;

agua nieve sleet;

está cayendo agua nieve it's sleeting;

agua de nieve melt-water;

agua oxigenada hydrogen peroxide;

agua pesada heavy water;

agua pluvial rainwater;

agua potable drinking water;
Quím agua regia aqua regia;
aguas residuales sewage;

agua de rosas rose-water;

agua salada salt water;

agua salobre salt water;

agua de Seltz Seltzer (water);
Am aguas servidas sewage;
agua subterránea groundwater;

aguas superficiales surface water;

agua tónica tonic water;
Esp agua de Valencia = cocktail of champagne, orange juice and Cointreau
2.
aguas [de río, mar] waters;

aguas arriba/abajo upstream/downstream

Comp
aguas bravas white water;
aguas continentales inland o continental waters;

aguas costeras coastal waters;

aguas jurisdiccionales territorial waters;

aguas territoriales territorial waters

3. [lluvia] rain;

ha caído mucha agua there has been a lot of rain

4. [grieta en barco] leak;

hacer agua [barca] to leak;
[negocio] to go under;
este negocio hace agua por todas partes this firm is on the point of going under

5. [manantial]
aguas waters, spring;

tomar las aguas to take the waters

Comp
aguas termales thermal o hot springs
6. [vertiente de tejado] slope;

un tejado de dos aguas a ridged roof;

cubrir aguas to put the roof on

7. Med
aguas waters;

ha roto aguas her waters have broken

8.
aguas [en diamante, tela] water

9. Perú Fam [dinero] dough

10. Comp
Fam
¡al agua, patos! [en piscina] in you jump!;
Fam
bailarle el agua a alguien to lick sb's boots;
Fam
cambiar el agua al canario to take a leak;

claro como el agua as clear as day;

más claro, agua nothing can be clearer than that;
Méx Fam
como agua para chocolate hopping mad, fizzing;

echar agua al mar to carry coals to Newcastle;

entre dos aguas in doubt, undecided;

estar con el agua al cuello to be up to one's neck (in it);

hacerse agua en la boca to melt in one's mouth;

se me hace la boca agua it makes my mouth water;

se me hizo la boca agua al ver el pastel when I saw the cake, my mouth started watering;

nadar entre dos aguas to sit on the fence;

quedar en agua de borrajas to come to nothing;

eso es agua pasada that's water under the bridge o US over the dam;

sacar agua de las piedras to make something out of nothing;

sin decir agua va ni agua viene suddenly, unexpectedly;

venir como agua de mayo to be a godsend;

las aguas volvieron a su cauce things got back to normal;

Prov

no digas nunca de esta agua no beberé you should never say never;

Prov

agua pasada no mueve molino it's no use crying over spilt milk

♦ interj
Méx Fam
¡aguas! look o watch out!, careful!

* * *

agua

f

1 water;

claro como el agua obvious, as plain as day;

como agua de mayo a godsend;

te ha estado esperando como agua de mayo he’s been longing to see you;

es agua pasada it’s water under the bridge;

está con el agua al cuello fig

con problemas he’s up to his neck in problems fam ; con deudas he’s up to his neck in debt fam ;

ha corrido mucha agua a lot of water has flowed under the bridge since then;

estar como agua para el chocolate Méx fam be fuming, be hopping mad fam ;

hacer agua MAR take in water, have a leak;

pasado por agua huevo soft-boiled; ( muy lluvioso) very wet;

llevar agua al mar be a waste of time, Br tb carry coals to Newcastle;

se me hace la boca agua it makes my mouth water

2

:

aguas pl waters;

aguas abajo dowstream;

aguas arriba upstream;

hacer aguas mayores defecate, move one’s bowels;

hacer aguas menores urinate, pass water;

las aguas vuelven a su cauce fig things are getting back to normal;

estar entre dos aguas para satisfacer a otros be caught in the middle;

rompió aguas her waters broke;

tomar las aguas take the waters

* * *

agua nf

1) : water

2)

agua oxigenada : hydrogen peroxide

3)

aguas negras or aguas residuales : sewage

4)

como agua para chocolate Mex fam : furious

5)

echar aguas Mex fam : to keep an eye out, to be on the lookout

* * *

agua n water

estar con el agua al cuello to be in up to your neck in it

más claro que el agua crystal clear

ser agua pasada to be water under the bridge

agua con gas sparkling water

agua corriente running water

agua del grifo tap water

agua dulce fresh water

agua mineral mineral water

agua potable drinking water

agua salada salt water

agua sin gas still water

aguas residuales sewage

Spanish-English dictionary > agua
44 ухудшать

. неблагоприятно влиять на

•
Measurement errors will deteriorate the quality of data.

•
General attack destroys structural features and impairs (or affects) the reflectivity of the polished surface.

•
The accuracy of the machine is not impaired by wear on moving parts.

•
The greater weight of a larger dry engine would have degraded overall engine performance.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > ухудшать
45 категория А

категория А

Применительно к вертолётам означает вертолёт с несколькими двигателями, спроектированный с учётом особенностей двигателя и изоляции систем, определяемых в части IVB, и способный выполнять полёты, используя взлётные и посадочные данные, регламентируемые с учётом отказа критического двигателя, что обеспечивает достаточную установленную зону на земной поверхности и достаточные лётные характеристики для безопасного продолжения полёта или безопасного прекращения взлёта.

Category A

With respect to helicopters, means a multi-engined helicopter designed with engine and system isolation features specified in Part IVB and capable of operations using take-off and landing data scheduled under a critical engine failure concept which assures adequate designated surface area and adequate performance capability for continued safe flight or safe rejected take-off.

(AN 8)

Official definition added to AN 8 by Amdt 100 (13/04/2005).

Русско-английский словарь международной организации гражданской авиации > категория А
46 движение,

aperiodic motion
апериодическое (ла)
-, боковое (ла в полете) — lateral motion
- в зоне аэродрома, воздушное ан. движение ла в зоне взлетного и предпосадочного маневрирования и вблизи данного аэродрома. — aerodrome traffic traffic on the maneuvering area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
-, вибрационное — vibratory motion
-, вихревое — vortex motion
-, возвратно-поступательное — reciprocating motion
-, воздушное — air traffic
движение ла в воздухе и по аэродрому, исключая места погрузки/разгрузки и стоянки.
- вперед — forward motion
-, вращательное (агрегата, детали) — rotary motion
-, вращательное (ла) — rotational motion
-, вращательное (ла) относительно поперечной оси при отрыве передней опоры шасси при взлете — airplane rotation
- изделия в эксплуатации (параграф паспорта) — historical record, history
- изделия (при передаче из организации в организацию, раздел формуляра) — record of transfers
-, колебательное — oscillatory motion
-, криволинейное — curvilinear motion
-, круговое — circular motion
-, круговое (при протирке поверхности) — rotating motion wipe the surface with rotating motion
- (перемещение) ла в воздухе — aerial motion/locomotion/
- ла за счет тяги воздушнеего винта или двигателя — aircraft propulsion
- лопасти (винта), поступатепьное — advance of the blade
- (протяжка) магнитной ленты — tape travel direction of tape travel - forward and reverse.
-, маховое — flapping motion
вращение лопасти несущего винта относительно горизонтального шарнира (рис. 42). — angular oscillation of a blade about the flapping hinge.
-, неустановившееся — unsteady motion
- по крену — rolling motion
движение самолета относитепьно продольной оси.
- по крену, управляемое — controlled rolling motion
- по курсу (рыскание) — yawing motion
- по тангажу — pitching motion
движение самолета относительно поперечной оси.
-, поперечное — lateral motion
-, поступательное (вертолета) — forward motion
-, поступательное (механическое) — translational motion
- потока, установившееся — steady flow
-, продольное — longitudinal motion longitudinal motion of the airplane is in the plane of symmetry.
-, простое гармоническое — simple harmonic motion
-, равномерное — uniform motion
-, реактивное — jet propulsion
для движения ла используетея атмосферный воздух, скорость потока которого увеличивается при проходе через двигатель. сила, обеспечивающая разгон потока, действует на двигатель в обратном направлении, обеспечивая движение ла. — the atmospheric air is caused to accelerate as it passes through the engine. the force required to give this acceleration has an equal effect in the opposite direction acting on the engine producting the acceleration.
- рыскания — yawing motion
движения самолета в горизонтальной плоскости относительно вертикальной оси. (рис. 135)
- самолета — motion of the airplane
- самолета вокруг земпи — aircraft transport around the earth
- самолета по земле — motionof the airplane about the ground
- стрелки — pointer movement
-, угловое — angular motion
-, ускоренное — accelerated motion
-, установившееся — steady motion
количество д. — momentum
направление д. — direction of motion
плавность д. — smoothness of movement
характеристика д. — motion characteristic
передавать д. — transmit motion
приводить в д. — drive
проверять на плавность д. — test for smooth movement

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > движение,
47 перегородка

partition
-, аэродинамическая — fence
перегородка на верхней поверхности крыла, параллельная потоку и предотвращающая перетекание потока no размаху (рис.11) — а stalionary plate of
ana proiecting from the upper surface ot an airfoil, substantiaily рarallе1 to the airflow, used to prevent flow.
-, аэродинамическая (на передней кромке) — le wing fence
-, герметическая — presilire bulkhead
-, герметическая (полусферической формы, устанавливаемая в передней или задней части фюзеляжа) (рис.6) — pressure dome
-, гибкая (аэродинамической компенсации поверхности управления) (рис.18) — flexible curtain
- глушителя — noise suppressor baffle
- жесткости — stiffening partition
-, задняя герметическая — rear pressure dome
-, кабинная — cabin partition.
перегородка в пассажирской кабине может быть снята для переоборудования самолета в туристский вариант. — the partition in the cabin can be removed to convert the airplane into a tourist version.
-, отражательная (в баке) — baffle
перфорированная или пластинчатая перегородка в баке,предотвращающая резкое перетекание жидкости (топлива, масла) из одной части бака в другую при эволюциях самолета, — metal perforated divisions inside of а fuel tank and dividing the tank into many square or rectangular cells. the purpose of оbafflesп is to prevent surging of the fuel.
-, отражательная (дефлектор) — baffle (plate used to deflect/obstruct fluid flow)
- (-) отсекатепь (пограничногo слоя воздухозаборника) — splitter (plate)
-, передвижная (пассажирской кабины) — movable partition
-, передняя герметическая — forward pressure dome
-, переставная (пассажирской кабины) — mavable partition
-, пожарная (противопожарная) — firewall
перегородка, отделяющая отсек двигателя от остальных внутренних полостей самолета, или устанавливаемая в мотогондоле у входной части или пилоне двигателя, — а fire-resistance transverse bulkhead, so set as to isolate the engine compartment from the other parts of the structure and thus confine the fire to the engine compartment.
-, противопожарная (отделяющая горячую и холодную части двигателя в мотогандоле) — fireseal
-, противоотливная (в топливном баке) — anti-g baffle
-, разделительная (воздухозаборника, для отвода пограничного спая) — air intake splitter (plate)
-, съемная (пассажирской кабины) — removable partition

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > перегородка
48 подвешивать

attach (external stores to wing
(допопнитепьные нагрузки к крылу или фюзеляжу) — fuselage)
- двигатель — mount engine
двигатель подвешен в 4-х точках. — the engine is mounted at 4 points.
- занавеску на роликах — suspend the (door, window) curtain on runners
- амортизаторах — shock-mount
приборная доска подвешена на амортизаторах. — the instrument panel is shockmounted.
- на оси к...(основной конcтрукции) — pivot from the shock absorber pivots from the airframe.
- поверхность управления — hinge the control surface
руль высоты подвешен в 3-x точках. — the elevator is hinged at 3 points.

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > подвешивать
49 разгон

acceleration
- (гироскопа) — spinning
разгон ротора гироскопа до номинальной скорости. — the gyro rotor spinning to full speed.
- в горизонтальном полете — acceleration in level flight
- двигателя (увеличение мощности (тяги) и числа оборотов двигателя) — engine acceleration. engine acceleration to the takeoff power /thrust/.
- гироскопа — gyro spin-up /spinning/
- гиромотора — gyro rotor spin/-up /spinning/
- глубоких забоин (т.е. плавный переход на основную поверхность) — smooth bleeding of deep nicks into surrounding surface
- (самолета) до скорости — acceleration to speed
при разгоне до скорости v2 отрыв передней опоры шасси должен производиться на скорости не ниже vп.оп. — during the acceleration to speed v2 the nose gear may be raised off the ground at а speed not less than vp.
- маховика — flywheel acceleration
- при взлете — takeoff acceleration
- при наборе высоты — acceleration in climbing flight)

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > разгон
50 элемент

element
- (деталь, подузел, узел или блок) — component either а part, sub-assembly, assembly and/or unit.
- (конструкции) — component, member
силовые узлы и связанные с ними элементы конструкции, образующие отсеки для размещения оборудования, пассажиров, экипажа и грузов. — the structural units and associated components/members which make up the compartments for equipment, passengers, crew and cargo.
- аккумулятора (рис. 92) — (storage) battery cell
-, анероидно-чувствительный (прибора) — aneroid capsule
- бумажный фильтрующий — paper-filtering element
- дублирующий (усиливающий) — doubler
наружная обшивка фюзеляжа, включая крышки люков и усиливающие элементы конструкции. — the exterior covering of the fuselage including access covers and doublers.
- жесткости (конструкции) — stiffener
элемент, закрепленный к листовой детали (обшивке) для предотвращения ее деформации в направлении перпендикулярном плоскости детали. — a member attached to sheet to restrain its movement normal to the surface.
-, измерительный — measurement component
применяется в конструкции измерительных устройств. — used primarily for the construction of measurement apparatus.
-, исполнительный — actuator
устройство для перемещения к-л. нагрузки. — in а servo system, the device which moves the load.
- конструкции — structural member
фитинг служит для стыковки элементов конструкции. — a fitting is used to join one structural member to another.
- конструкции, несиловой — secondary structural member
- конструкции, работающий на сжатие — compression member
- конструкции, силовой — primary structural member, load-carrying /-supporting/ structural member
- (этап) маневра — maneuver element
-, манометрический (напр., моторного индикатора) — pressure unit (of engine gage)
-, навесный (печатной платы) — printed circuit boardmounted component /element/
-, навесный (электросхемы) — hooked-up element
-, навигационный — navigational element
величины, характеризующие скорость и направление полета самолета (т.е. стороны и углы навигационного треугольника) — the values which feature the flight speed and direction of the aircraft (i.e. the vectors of wind triangle, heading and course).
-, нагревательный — heating element
- номера (состоящий из 2-х цифр, в сист. нумерации) — element of number (consisting of two digits)
- оборудования — equipment component
-, оптический (лампа-фара) — sealed beam (unit)
-, основной — major /principal/ component
к основным элементам эл. схемы указателя относятся:... — the major electrical components of the indicator are as follows:...
- пневматической противообледенительной системы, надувной — pneumatic de-icing boot
-, проволочный нагревательный — wire heating element
-, регулировочный — adjuster
-, светочувствительный (астрокорректора) — light detector the telescope gathers energy for a light detector.
-, светочувствительный с кремневым диодом — silicon diode light detector
- сигнализации — indicating/warning device
- (электробатарея), срабатывающий под воздействием морской воды (оборудование спасательного плота) — sea-activated cell the internal and external lights of the liferaft are operated by a sea-activated cell.
- сравнения (регулятора темп. выход, газов) — (egt control) comparator
-, стабилизированный (гироплатформы) — stable element
-, сухой (эл.) — dry cell
-, термометрический (напр., моторного индикатора) — thermometer unit (of engine gage)
-, термочувствительный — temperature sensor /sensing element/
-, усиливающий (конструкции) — doubler
-, фильтрующий — filtering element
-, чувствительный — sensor, sensing element
часть прибора, преобразующая входящий сигнал в величину, измеряемую другой частью прибора. — the component of an instrument that converts an input signal into а quantity measured by another part of the instrument.

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > элемент
51 весь

взлет при всех работающих двигателях
all-engine takeoff
вызов всех станций
all stations call
закрылок по всему размаху
full-span flap
максимальный потолок при всех работающих двигателях
all-power-units ceiling
набор высоты при всех работающих двигателях
all-engine-operating climb
на протяжении всего срока службы
throughout the service life
одновременный запуск всех двигателей
all-engines starting
поверхность управления по всему размаху
full-span control surface
(напр. крыла) по всему размаху
tip
предкрылок по всему размаху
full-span slat
(крыла) скорость при всех работающих двигателях
all engines speed

Русско-английский авиационный словарь > весь
52 غير

غَيْر \ another: a different one: We’ll go there another time. If this hat does not fit, try another. besides: as well as: I have two brothers besides John.. other: (in comparisons) different: He likes French cigarettes and won’t smoke any other kind. This side is dry; the other side is wet. I can’t do it now; I have other things to do. short of: less than; other than: Nothing short of a new government will save the country. un-: giving an opposite sense: ‘Unlikely’ means ‘not likely’. \ See Also آخر (آخَر)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَجْوَف \ solid: not hollow: without holes: a solid rubber ball. \ See Also صلب (صُلْب)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَكيد \ faint: (of thoughts and feelings) weak; uncertain: I haven’t the faintest idea where she is. uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ See Also ضعيف (ضَعِيف)، غير مؤكّد \ غَيْرُ أمْلَس \ rough: not smooth: a rough road; a rough surface. \ غَيْرُ آمن \ insecure: not safe; not supported or able to support other things: Be careful of that door - the lock is very insecure. \ غَيْرُ أُمِّيّ \ literate: able to read and write. \ غَيْرَ أنَّ \ but: yet: He came but she did not. I need food but I have no money to buy any. She is thin but strong. only: but: She wanted to buy it, only she had no money. \ غَيْرُ أهل للثّقة \ suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ بالِغ \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ بهيج \ dull: (of weather or colour) not clean or bright; cloudy: a dull day; a dull blue. \ غَيْرُ جاهز للعَمَل \ out of training: not in good condition. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ plain: (of people) not good-looking: He was a nice boy, but rather plain and not very clever. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not goodlooking. \ See Also جذاب (جذّاب)‏ \ غَيْرُ حادّ \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. \ غَيْرُ حَذِر \ unwary: (esp. as a noun with the) careless; not looking out for danger or deceit: ‘Easy’ questions in an exam are often a trap for the unwary (or for unwary people). \ غَيْرُ حقيقي \ unreal: imaginary; not related to facts. \ غَيْرُ دقيق \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ ذلك \ else: other (together with the first one); besides: Who else came? Did you look anywhere else, or only under the bed?, other (instead of the first one); instead Let’s talk about something else. Peter was ill, so someone else came. If there’s no coffee, what else can I drink?. otherwise: differently: I thought it was true, but they thought otherwise. \ غَيْرُ رَسْمِيّ \ informal: without ceremony or special dress: The prince paid an informal visit to the town. private: not official; not concerning one’s work; concerning one’s home and family: In his private life, the actor is rather quiet, although in the play he is loud and angry. \ غَيْرُ سَارّ \ bad, worse, worst: (of news, weather, etc.) unpleasant. \ غَيْرُ سالِك \ impassable: (of roads) unfit for use; blocked (by snow, mud, etc.). \ غَيْرُ سَكران \ sober: not under the control of alcohol; not drunk: A car driver ought to be sober. \ غَيْرُ سليمة \ broken, break: (of language) incorrectly spoken by a foreigner: broken English. \ غَيْرُ شَرْعِيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. illegitimate: (of a child) born to a mother who is not married. \ غَيْرُ شريف \ crooked: dishonest. \ غَيْرُ شَفّاف \ opaque: not allowing light to pass through it: opaque glass. \ غَيْرُ صافٍ \ gross: (of figures or amounts) whole, before subtracting anything; the opposite of net: Your gross pay is the amount before tax is paid. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح للاستعمال \ out of order: not working: I couldn’t ring you up yesterday because our telephone was out of order. \ غَيْرُ صالح للأَكل \ inedible: not fit to eat. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح لِلْعَمَل \ out of action: not working; out of order: This telephone is out of action. \ غَيْرُ صِحّي \ insanitary: so dirty that health is put at risk: an insanitary kitchen. \ غَيْرُ صحيح \ false: wrong; incorrect: a false idea. \ غَيْرُ صَحيح \ unsound: not in good condition, not satisfactory: unsound teeth; an unsound explanation. \ See Also سَليم \ غَيْرُ ضَارّ \ harmless: causing no harm; gentle: A lamb is a harmless creature. Is this insect poison harmless to people?. \ غَيْرُ ضروريّ \ needless: useless; unnecessary (trouble, expense etc.). \ غَيْرُ طاهر \ impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ طَبيعِيّ \ artificial: adj. (of teeth, light, silk, etc.) not natural; made by man. False: not natural: false teeth. weird: very strange. \ غَيْرُ عَادِيّ \ abnormal: different from what is natural or usual: It is abnormal to have only 3 fingers on one hand. exceptional: unusual: That book is an exeptional one. It was an exceptionally hot summer. peculiar: unusual strange. remarkable: surprising; unusual and worth noticing: a remarkable change; a remarkably goodlooking child. unusual: not usual; strange. \ غَيْرُ عالِم بِـ \ ignorant of: not having heard about (a particular thing): I was ignorant of his plans. \ غَيْرُ عَمَليّ \ theoretical: adj. of theories; not learned from experience; supposed; not proved: I have only a theoretical knowledge of cooking from reading cookery books. \ غَيْرُ فَعّال \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ قابل للتصديق (غير معقول)‏ \ incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable: an incredible story. \ غَيْرُ قادِر \ incapable: not able to do sth.; not having the power or nature to do sth.: flowers are incapable of growing without light. She is incapable of being unkind to people. \ غَيْرُ قادِر على الحركة \ numb: having no feeling: My fingers were numb with cold. \ غَيْرُ قانونيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. wrongful: unjust; unlawful: wrongful imprisonment. \ غَيْرُ كافٍ \ insufficient: not enough (in power, ability, etc.): insufficient knowledge; insufficient food. lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. scanty: (of a supply, of clothing, etc.) very small; not enough: He was too scantily dressed to keep warm. \ غَيْرُ كامِل \ incomplete: not complete; not perfect: This piece of work is incomplete - please finish it. His explanation is incomplete - it doesn’t explain all the facts. \ غَيْرُ كَثِيف \ sparse: thinly scattered: sparse hair; sparse grass. \ غَيْرُ كُفْء \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ لائق \ beneath sb.’s dignity: unsuitable for sb. to do: It was beneath the teacher’s dignity to sweep the classroom. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. \ غَيْرُ لَبِق \ awkward: (of manner or movement) showing difficulty; not skilful: He is too awkward on his feet to be a dancer. tactless: showing no understanding or skill in dealing with others: a tactless person; a tactless statement. \ غَيْرُ مُؤَدَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. \ غَيْرُ مُؤذٍ \ innocent: harmless: innocent amusements. \ غَيْرُ مؤكَّد \ uncertain: not certain; doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ غَيْرُ مُؤلم \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ مأْلوف \ queer: strange, unusually and not understood: a queer noise. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَأْهول \ desert: (of an island) with nobody living on it. wild: (of plants, creatures, land, etc.) in a natural state, not under the control of man. \ غَيْرُ مُبَاشِر \ indirect: not straight or directly joined to; meaning something which is not directly said: an indirect road; the indirect result of an action; an indirect answer. \ غَيْرُ مُبَالٍ \ indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مَبْتُوت بأمْرِه \ pending: (of a doubtful matter, esp. in court) not yet settled. \ غَيْرُ مُبْهَم \ definite: certain; clear: a definite promise; a definite plan of action. \ غَيْرُ متأكِّد \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ غَيْرُ مُتَجَانِس \ odd: mixed; different from each other: a boxful of odd tools; two odd shoes (not a pair). \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَرِّك \ stationary: not moving: a stationary vehicle. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَفِّظ \ outspoken: (of sb. or his speech) saying just what one thinks, although it may annoy some people. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَمِّس \ cool: unfriendly; They gave us rather a cool welcome. \ غَيْرُ متحمّس لِـ \ half-hearted: not eager; showing little effort or interest: He made a half-hearted attempt at the work. \ غَيْرُ مُتَرَابِط \ scrappy: made of scraps; incomplete; badly arranged: a scrappy meal; a scrappy report. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل \ intermittent: repeatedly stopping and starting; not continuous: intermittent rain. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل بِـ \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُتَطَرِّف \ moderate: reasonable (in size or amount; in one’s customs or opinions, etc.); neither too big nor too small; neither too much nor too little: moderate prices; moderate political aims. \ غَيْرُ مُتقَن \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ مُتْقَن (للشيء أو العمل)‏ \ sloppy: (of a person) lacking effort or spirit; weakly lazy; (of a substance) wet and loose: a sloppy piece of work; a sloppy paste. \ غَيْرُ مُتَكَلّف \ homely: simple and friendly; making one feel at home: This little hotel has a homely feeling. \ غَيْرُ مُتَمدِّن (إنسان)‏ \ savage: old use sb. living in an undeveloped society, seen as fierce and wild and likely to attack strangers. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَازِن \ top-heavy: so heavy at the top that it is likely to fall over: a top heavy load. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَافر \ out of stock: not in stock. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَقَّع \ abrupt: (of movement, change, etc.) sudden and unexpected: an abrupt change of plan. unexpected: not expected; surprising that one did not think would happen: an unexpected present; something quite unexpected. \ غَيْرُ مُجْدٍ \ vain: useless; unsuccessful: a vain attempt. ineffective: not able to produce the desired effect: This medicine is quite ineffective. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَرِف \ amateur: one who works or plays for pleasure, not for money: an amateur actor. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَمَل \ improbable: not likely to happen: That is an improbable idea. intolerable: (of heat, annoyance, rudeness, etc.) more than one can bear. \ غَيْرُ مُحَدَّد \ indefinite: adj. not clear; not fixed in time: indefinite ideas; at an indefinite date. \ غَيْرُ مَحْدُود \ infinite: endless; not measurable: I have infinite faith in his abilities. This is infinitely better than that. The infinite space of the sky. whole-hearted: full, unlimited, eager and willing: His plan had their whole-hearted support. \ غَيْرُ مُدْرِك \ unaware: not knowing: I was unaware of all the facts. He was unaware of the danger he was in. \ غَيْرُ مَرْئيّ \ invisible: unable to be seen: The sun remained invisible behind the heavy clouds. unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُرَاعٍ لشُعور الآخرين \ thoughtless: careless; not troubling about the future or about other people: a thoughtless waste of money; thoughtless cruelty. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has came undone. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ loose: not tied; not contained in sth.: The sweets were sold loose, not packed in tins. \ See Also مقيد (مُقيَّد)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُرْتاح \ uneasy: anxious, uncomfortable. \ غَيْرُ مُرَتَّب \ dishevelled: (of a person’s appearance, esp. hair) untidy. \ غَيْرُ مُرَكَّز \ watery: like water; containing too much water: watery milk. weak: (of liquids like tea or coffee) lacking taste or strength, because of too much water or milk. \ غَيْرُ مُريح \ inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. uncomfortable: not comfortable: This chair is very uncomfortable. I’m very uncomfortable in it. \ غَيْرُ مَسْؤُول \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَحَبّ \ unpleasant: not pleasing or enjoyable; (of people) wanting to quarrel; unkind: What an unpleasant smell! The heat of summer can be very unpleasant. That man was rather unpleasant to me. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْدَم \ obsolete: no longer used; out of date: an obsolete word; an obsolete custom. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَعْمَل \ archaic: very old; (esp. of words) no longer used. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَوٍ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. rugged: rough and rocky: a rugged coast; rugged cliffs. \ غَيْرُ مُسْرَج \ bareback: (in riding horses, etc.) without a proper leather seat: The boys rode bareback. \ غَيْرُ مُسْكِر (للشَّراب)‏ \ soft: (of drinks) not alcoholic. \ غَيْرُ مَشْرُوع \ foul: (in sport) disobeying the rules: Foul play. The whistle was blown for a foul. \ غَيْرُ مشغول \ free: not busy; not in use: If you’re free this evening, let’s go to the cinema. Is this seat free?. \ غَيْرُ مُصابٍ بِأَذى \ intact: not touched; not damaged or broken; complete: The box was broken but the contents were intact. \ غَيْرُ مَصْقول \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. coarse: (of people and their manners) rough; rude: a coarse fellow; a coarse laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُصَنَّع \ crude: in its natural state: crude oil. \ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوع \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has come undone. \ See Also منجز (مُنْجَز)‏ \ غَيْرُ مطبوخ \ raw: uncooked: raw meat. \ غَيْرُ مُطْلَق \ relative: comparative: the relative values of gold and iron. \ غَيْرُ مُعَدّ \ rambling: (of speeches, stories, etc.) not planned; wandering aimlessly: He wrote a long rambling letter about his troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُعَشَّق \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ مُعَقَّد \ simple: plain; not fine or grand: We lead a simple life in the country. \ See Also منمق (مُنَمَّق)، متكلف (مُتَكَلَّف)‏ \ غَيْرُ مَعْقُول \ absurd: not at all sensible; foolish: The singer’s absurd clothes made us laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُغَطّى \ naked: not protected by a cover: naked sword; a naked light (whose flame is therefore dangerous). \ غَيْرُ مُفيد \ useless: worthless; fulfilling no purpose; without effect. \ غَيْرُ مَقْرُوء \ illegible: difficult or impossible to read (because the letters or figures cannot be clearly seen). \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ open: not limited: The next race is open to children of any age. It’s an open race. \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ wanton: carelessly uncontrolled;with no good reason; wild or playful, with bad resutls: Wanton behaviour causes wanton damage. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرِث \ careless: not taking care: Careless drivers cause accidents. indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرَث بِه \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُلائِم \ adverse: unfavourable: an adverse report; adverse winds that delay sailing. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. \ غَيْرُ مُمطِر \ dry: not wet; with no rain; with no water: a dry cloth; dry weather; a dry river. \ غَيْرُ ممكِن \ impossible: not possible. \ غَيْرُ مُمَيّز \ indiscriminate: not choosing carefully: He invited people indiscriminately to his party. \ غَيْرُ مناسب \ wrong: not correct; mistaken; unsuitable: That’s the wrong answer, and the wrong way to do it. She came in the wrong clothes for riding. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائِم)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُنْطَبِق على \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُنَظَّم \ random: not planned, not regular: random visits to the city. \ See Also غَيْر مُخَطَّط \ غَيْرُ مَنْظُور \ unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُهْتَمّ به \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُهَذَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَوْثوق \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ مُوجِع \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ موجُود \ lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. \ غَيْرُ مَوْصُول بالمُحَرِّك \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ ناضج \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ نِظاميّ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. \ غَيْرُ نَقِيّ \ cloudy: (of liquids) not clear. impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ واثِق \ uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. \ غَيْرُ واثِق من نفْسه \ insecure: feeling afraid and not sure of oneself: He’s a very insecure person, and so he always thinks other people don’t like him. \ غَيْرُ واضِح \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. vague: not clearly seen or expressed or understood; (of people) having no clear ideas: She made a vague statement. He’s rather vague about his duties. \ غَيْرُ واقعي \ fictitious: imagined; not a fact; not true: a fictitious character in a book. \ غَيْرُ وِدّي \ icy: (of a voice or manner) very cold; very unfriendly. cold: unfriendly: a cold welcome; a cold heart.

Arabic-English dictionary > غير
53 bala

f.

1 bullet (proyectil).

entró como una bala she rushed in

salió como una bala he shot off

bala de goma plastic bullet

bala perdida (informal figurative) good-for-nothing

2 bale (fardo).

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: balar.

* * *

bala

► nombre femenino

1 bullet

■ tiene una herida de bala he has a bullet wound

■ recibió una herida de bala he was hit by a bullet

■ el coche presentaba dos impactos de bala the car had been hit by two bullets

2 (paquete) bale

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

como una bala familiar like a shot

■ mi moto nueva va como una bala my new motorbike goes like a bullet

bala de cañon cannonball

bala rasa good-for-nothing

bala perdida stray bullet 2 figurado birdbrain

bala trazadora tracer bullet

* * *

noun f.

1) bullet

2) bale

* * *

1. SF

1) (=proyectil) bullet

una bala perdida lo alcanzó en el hombro — he was hit in the shoulder by a stray bullet

sonaron dos disparos de bala — two gunshots rang out

• disparar una bala — to fire a bullet

• a prueba de balas — bullet-proof

un chaleco a prueba de balas — a bullet-proof vest

- como una bala

entró como una bala — he came shooting in, he came in like a shot

el tren pasó como una bala — the train shot o flew past

comió como una bala y se fue — he bolted his food down and left

- no le entran balas

- ni a bala

- estar o quedar con la bala pasada

- ser una bala

- tirar con bala

bala de cañón — cannonball

bala de fogueo — blank (cartridge)

bala de goma — plastic bullet, rubber bullet

bala de salva — blank round

bala fría — spent bullet

bala trazadora — tracer bullet

2) (=fardo) bale

una bala de heno — a bale of hay

3) (Tip)

bala de entintar — ink(ing) ball

4) LAm (Dep) shot

lanzamiento de bala — shot put

2.

SMF * (=juerguista)

- ser un bala perdida

* * *

femenino

1) (Arm) (de pistola, rifle) bullet; ( de cañón) cannon ball

a prueba de balas — bulletproof

una bala perdida — a stray bullet

como (una) bala — <salir/entrar> like a shot (colloq)

pasar como (una) bala — to shoot past

echar bala — (Méx) ( disparar) to fire shots; ( estar furioso)

no la nombres, se pone que echa bala — don't say her name or he'll go through the roof (colloq)

llevar bala — (Méx fam) to be in a hurry

no me/le entran balas — (Chi fam) I'm/he's as tough as old boots

ser como or una bala para algo — (Chi, Méx fam)

es como bala para las matemáticas — she's a whizz at math (AmE) o maths (BrE)

es una bala para el dominó — he's a tremendous domino player

ser un(a) bala perdida — to be a good-for-nothing

- bala de fogueo

- bala de goma/plástico

2) (AmL) (Dep) shot

lanzamiento de bala — shot put

* * *

= ball, bullet, ink ball, bale, round, slug.

Ex. Finally the forme was checked for odd pieces of type lying on it, in danger of being picked up by the balls and deposited on a page.

Ex. He was looking for the book 'Flowers and bullets and Freedom to Kill' = Estaba buscando el libro "Flores, balas y libertad para matar".

Ex. Ink was worked up for use on the ink-block of the press (a small table mounted behind the near-side cheek) and transferred to the surface of the type by one of the pressmen using a pair of ink balls.

Ex. They specialised in printing labels for marking bales of fabric exported from Britain to India 1860s-1890s.

Ex. Shotguns mainly fire two kinds of rounds, regular buckshots and slugs.

Ex. Shotguns mainly fire two kinds of rounds, regular buckshots and slugs.

----

* bala cargada = live bullet.

* bala de verdad = live bullet.

* bala perdida = loose cannon.

* chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.

* herida de bala = gunshot wound.

* lluvia de balas = hail of bullets.

* pasar como una bala = whiz.

* * *

femenino

1) (Arm) (de pistola, rifle) bullet; ( de cañón) cannon ball

a prueba de balas — bulletproof

una bala perdida — a stray bullet

como (una) bala — <salir/entrar> like a shot (colloq)

pasar como (una) bala — to shoot past

echar bala — (Méx) ( disparar) to fire shots; ( estar furioso)

no la nombres, se pone que echa bala — don't say her name or he'll go through the roof (colloq)

llevar bala — (Méx fam) to be in a hurry

no me/le entran balas — (Chi fam) I'm/he's as tough as old boots

ser como or una bala para algo — (Chi, Méx fam)

es como bala para las matemáticas — she's a whizz at math (AmE) o maths (BrE)

es una bala para el dominó — he's a tremendous domino player

ser un(a) bala perdida — to be a good-for-nothing

- bala de fogueo

- bala de goma/plástico

2) (AmL) (Dep) shot

lanzamiento de bala — shot put

* * *

= ball, bullet, ink ball, bale, round, slug.

Ex: Finally the forme was checked for odd pieces of type lying on it, in danger of being picked up by the balls and deposited on a page.

Ex: He was looking for the book 'Flowers and bullets and Freedom to Kill' = Estaba buscando el libro "Flores, balas y libertad para matar".

Ex: Ink was worked up for use on the ink-block of the press (a small table mounted behind the near-side cheek) and transferred to the surface of the type by one of the pressmen using a pair of ink balls.

Ex: They specialised in printing labels for marking bales of fabric exported from Britain to India 1860s-1890s.

Ex: Shotguns mainly fire two kinds of rounds, regular buckshots and slugs.

Ex: Shotguns mainly fire two kinds of rounds, regular buckshots and slugs.

* bala cargada = live bullet.

* bala de verdad = live bullet.

* bala perdida = loose cannon.

* chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.

* herida de bala = gunshot wound.

* lluvia de balas = hail of bullets.

* pasar como una bala = whiz.

* * *

bala

feminine

A ( Arm) (de pistola, rifle) bullet; (de cañón) cannon ball

a prueba de balas bulletproof

una bala perdida lo alcanzó en el costado a stray bullet hit him in the side

como (una) bala like a shot ( colloq)

salió como (una) bala he left like a shot

la moto pasó como (una) bala the motorbike shot past

llegó como (una) bala cuando se enteró he was there in a flash when he heard

echar bala ( Méx) (disparar) to fire shots

(estar furioso): con lo del matrimonio de su hija está que echa bala she's really fuming about her daughter's marriage

no le toques ese asunto, se pone que echa bala don't touch on that subject or he'll fly off the handle ( colloq)

llevar bala ( Méx fam); to be in a hurry

ni a bala (Col, Méx fam): ni a bala van a lograr que retire lo dicho there's no way they're going to make me take back what I said ( colloq)

la física no le entra ni a bala he's absolutely useless at physics

no paga una cuenta ni a bala he's terrible when it comes to paying his bills, he doesn't believe in paying his bills ( colloq)

no entrarle balas a algo/algn ( Chi fam): tiene 70 años y no le entran balas he's 70 years old and as fit as a fiddle o as tough as old boots o as strong as an ox

a este motor no le entran balas this engine will stand up to anything

ser como bala( Chi) or ( Méx) una bala para algo ( fam): es como bala para las matemáticas she's a real mathematical genius o ( colloq) a whizz at math(s), she's brilliant at math(s)

es una bala para el dominó he's a tremendous domino player

ése es como bala para el trago ( hum); he's got (his) drinking down to a fine art ( colloq)

ser un(a) bala perdida or ( Méx) rasa to be a good-for-nothing o an idle layabout

tirar con bala to get straight to the point

—aquí tiran con bala —pensé there's no beating about the bush o they get straight to the point here, I thought

Compuestos:

● bala de fogueo

blank, blank round

● bala de goma

rubber bullet

● bala de plástico

plastic bullet, baton round

● bala de salva

blank, blank round

● bala expansiva

dumdum, dumdum bullet

● bala mágica

magic bullet

B ( AmL) ( Dep) shot

lanzamiento de bala shot put

C (de lana, algodón) bale

* * *

Del verbo balar: ( conjugate balar)

bala es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
bala
balar
bala sustantivo femenino
1 (Arm) (de pistola, rifle) bullet;
( de cañón) cannon ball;
◊ bala de fogueo blank (round o cartridge);

bala de goma/plástico rubber/plastic bullet;
a prueba de balas bulletproof;
una bala perdida a stray bullet;
como (una) bala ‹salir/entrar› like a shot (colloq)
2 (AmL) (Dep) shot;
◊ lanzamiento de bala shot put

balar ( conjugate balar) verbo intransitivo
to bleat, baa
bala sustantivo femenino
1 (proyectil) bullet
bala perdida, stray bullet, fig fam (alocado, tarambana) crackpot, oddball
2 (de hierba, paja, ropa, etc) bale
♦ Locuciones: tirar con bala (decir algo con mala intención) to be bitchy o to say sthg hurtful: Margarita siempre las tira con bala, Margarita is always so nasty
como una bala, like a shot
balar verbo intransitivo to bleat
' bala' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
balazo
- casquillo
- fogueo
- herida
- impacto
- perdida
- perdido
- rebotar
- rebote
- alojar
- atravesar
- balín
- extraer
- incrustar
- lanzador
- lanzamiento
- orificio
- penetrar
- perforar
- retachar
- rozar
- traspasar
- zumbar
English:
blank
- bullet
- cannonball
- feel
- hit
- plastic bullet
- ricochet
- round
- shoot
- shoot back
- spent
- stray
- strike
- whine
- cannon
- embed
- flash
- gun
- lodge
- miss
- plastic
- rubber
- shot

* * *

bala

♦ nf

1. [proyectil] bullet;

fue herido de bala he was wounded by a gunshot;

recibió cinco impactos de bala she received five bullet wounds;

Comp
Fam
como una bala: entró como una bala he rushed in;

salió como una bala he shot off;

Comp
Col, Méx Fam
ni a bala no way;

Comp
CSur Fam
no le entran ni las balas nothing will get through to him;

Comp

tirar con bala to snipe, to make snide remarks

Comp
bala de fogueo blank cartridge, blank;
bala de goma rubber bullet;

bala perdida stray bullet;

bala de plástico plastic bullet

2. [fardo] bale

3. Am Dep shot;

lanzamiento de bala shot put

4. Am Fam [persona inteligente]
es una bala para la física she's a whizz at physics

♦ nmf
Fam bala perdida good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well;
bala rasa good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well

* * *

bala

f bullet;

como una bala like lightning;

ni a bala L.Am. fam no way fam

* * *

bala nf

1) : bullet

2) : bale

* * *

bala n

1. (de arma) bullet

compró balas para su pistola he bought some bullets for his gun

2. (de paja, algodón) bale

Spanish-English dictionary > bala
54 bajo

adj.

1 low.

2 short, small.

3 low, tawdry, base.

4 low, contemptible, lowly, base.

5 low-lying, low-down.

6 hushed, soft, soft-sounding.

adv.

1 softly, in a low voice, low.

Let's talk low because the baby's sleep Hablemos bajo porque el niño duerme.

2 low, in a low position, near ground level, near the floor.

prep.

1 under, below, beneath, underneath.

2 under.

3 under, under the jurisdiction of.

m.

1 bass.

2 bass, double bass, bass guitar.

3 bass singer, bass voice, bass.

4 hem, turn-up, hemline, turnup.

5 low lying ground.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: bajar.

* * *

bajo

► adjetivo

1 (gen) low

■ una casa baja a low house

■ precios bajos low prices

■ el río está bajo the river is low

■ pon la música, pero baja put the music on low

2 (persona) short, not tall

■ su padre es muy bajo her father is very short

3 (cabeza) bowed, held low; (ojos) lowered, downcast

■ rezaba con la cabeza baja she prayed with her head bowed

4 (marea) out

■ la marea está baja the tide is out

5 (despreciable) despicable, contemptible, base

6 (territorio, río) lower

■ la baja Navarra lower Navarre

7 (época) later

■ la Baja Edad Media the late Middle Ages

8 (inferior) poor, low

■ es de baja calidad it's poor quality

■ tu rendimiento es muy bajo your performance is very poor

————————

bajo

► nombre masculino

1 (piso) ground floor, US first floor

2 (de prenda) bottoms plural, US cuff

3 MÚSICA (instrumento) bass; (contrabajo) double bass

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 MÚSICA (músico) bass player; (cantante) bass

► adverbio

1 (en el aire) low

■ el avión vuela bajo para evitar el radar the plane flies low to avoid the radar

2 (voz) softly, quietly, in a low voice

■ habla muy bajo she speaks very quietly

► preposición

1 under

■ pasamos la noche bajo las estrellas we spent the night under the stars

■ bajo ningún concepto under no circumstances

■ bajo el yugo del dictador under the yoke of the dictator

2 (temperatura) below

■ 10 grados bajo cero 10 degrees below zero

► nombre masculino plural bajos

1 (planta baja) ground floor; (sótano) basement

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

por lo bajo (disimuladamente) on the sly 2 (en voz baja) in a low voice 3 (sin exagerar) conservatively

bajas pasiones animal passions

bajos fondos underworld sing

* * *
1. prep.
1) under

2) beneath

3) below
2. adv.
1) low

2) softly, quietly
3. (f. - baja)
adj.

1) low

2) short

3) lower

4) soft

5) base, vile
4. noun m.
1) bass

2) first floor

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=de poca altura) [objeto] low; [persona] short; [parte] lower, bottom; [tierra] low-lying; [agua] shallow

una silla muy baja — a very low chair

mi hermano es muy bajo — my brother is very short

en la parte baja de la ciudad — in the lower part of the town

planta baja — ground floor, first floor (EEUU)

los bajos fondos — the underworld sing

2) (=inclinado)

contestó con la cabeza baja — she answered with her head bowed

con los ojos bajos — with downcast eyes

3) (=reducido, inferior) [precios, temperaturas, frecuencia] low; [calidad] low, poor

de baja calidad — low-quality, poor-quality

de bajo contenido en grasas — low-fat

bajo en calorías — low-calorie

la temporada baja — the low season

• estar bajo de algo, estar bajo de ánimo o de moral — to be in low spirits

estar bajo de forma (física) — to be unfit, be out of shape

4) [sonido] faint, soft; [voz, tono] low

hablar en voz baja — to speak quietly o in a low voice

decir algo por lo bajo — to say sth under one's breath

hacer algo por lo bajo — to do sth secretly

5) [etapa]

en la baja Edad Media — in the late Middle Ages

bajo latín — Low Latin

6) [oro, plata] with a high level of impurities

7) [color] (=apagado) dull; (=pálido) pale

8) (=humilde) low, humble; [clase] lower; [condición] lowly; [barrio] poor; [tarea] menial

9) pey (=vulgar) common, ordinary; (=mezquino) base, mean

10)

por lo bajo — (=a lo menos) at (the) least

2. SM

1) (Cos) [de vestido] hem; [de pantalones] turn-up, cuff (EEUU)

2) [de edificio] (=piso) ground floor, first floor (EEUU)

vivo en un bajo — I live on the ground floor

bajo comercial — ground-floor o (EEUU) first-floor business premises

3) (Mús) (=instrumento) bass; (=voz) bass; (=guitarrista) bass (guitar) player, bassist

Elena toca el bajo en un grupo — Elena plays bass (guitar) in a group

bajo profundo — basso profundo

4) pl bajos [de edificio] ground floor sing, first floor sing (EEUU); [de coche] underside; euf [del cuerpo] private parts

5) (=hondonada) hollow

6) (Náut) = bajío 1)

3.

ADV [volar] low; [tocar, cantar] quietly, softly

el avión volaba muy bajo — the plane was flying very low

hablar bajo — (=en voz baja) to speak quietly, speak softly; (=tener una voz suave) to be softly spoken, be soft spoken

¡más bajo, por favor! — quieter, please!

4. PREP

1) (=debajo de) under

Juan llevaba un libro bajo el brazo — Juan was carrying a book under his arm

• bajo cero — below zero

estamos a dos grados bajo cero — it's two degrees below zero

• bajo la lluvia — in the rain

• bajo tierra — underground

toda la familia está ya bajo tierra — the whole family are dead and buried

2) (=dependiente de, sometido a) under

bajo Napoleón — under Napoleon

bajo los efectos de la droga — under the influence of drugs

bajo el título de... — under the title of...

bajo mi punto de vista — from my point of view

bajo el reinado de — in the reign of

está bajo la tutela de su tío — her uncle is her legal guardian
fianza 1), juramento 1), llave 1)
* * *
I
- ja adjetivo

1) [ser] < persona> short

2) (indicando posición, nivel)

a) [ser] < techo> low; < tierras> low-lying

b) [estar] <lámpara/cuadro/nivel> low

la parte baja de la estantería — the lower shelves of the bookcase

la marea está baja — the tide is out

c) ( bajado)

tener las persianas bajas — to have the blinds down

caminar con la mirada baja — to walk (along) with one's eyes on the ground

3)

a) <calificación/precio/número> low; < temperatura> low

una bebida baja en calorías — a low-calorie drink

tiene la tensión or presión baja — he has low blood pressure

artículos de baja calidad — poor-quality goods

b) <volumen/luz> low

en voz baja — quietly, in a low voice

pon la radio bajita — put the radio on quietly

4)

estar bajo DE algo — ( falto de)

están bajos de moral — their morale is low

está bajo de defensas — his defenses are low

5) ( grave) <tono/voz> deep, low

6) ( vil) <acción/instinto> low, base

caer bajo: qué bajo has caído! — how could you stoop so low!

•

- baja cuna

- baja forma

- baja frecuencia

- bajas presiones

- bajos fondos

- bajo vientre
II
adverbio

a) <volar/pasar> low

b) <hablar/cantar> softly, quietly

habla más bajo! — keep your voice down!
III
masculino

1)

a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

b)

los bajos — (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

2)

a) (de falda, vestido) hem

b) bajos masculino plural (Auto) underside

3) ( contrabajo) (double) bass
IV
preposición

a) ( debajo de) under

bajo techo — under cover, indoors

tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero

bajo el cielo estrellado — (liter) beneath the starry sky (liter)

b) (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under

bajo juramento — under oath

bajo los efectos del alcohol — under the influence of alcohol

bajo el título... — under the title...

* * *
I
- ja adjetivo

1) [ser] < persona> short

2) (indicando posición, nivel)

a) [ser] < techo> low; < tierras> low-lying

b) [estar] <lámpara/cuadro/nivel> low

la parte baja de la estantería — the lower shelves of the bookcase

la marea está baja — the tide is out

c) ( bajado)

tener las persianas bajas — to have the blinds down

caminar con la mirada baja — to walk (along) with one's eyes on the ground

3)

a) <calificación/precio/número> low; < temperatura> low

una bebida baja en calorías — a low-calorie drink

tiene la tensión or presión baja — he has low blood pressure

artículos de baja calidad — poor-quality goods

b) <volumen/luz> low

en voz baja — quietly, in a low voice

pon la radio bajita — put the radio on quietly

4)

estar bajo DE algo — ( falto de)

están bajos de moral — their morale is low

está bajo de defensas — his defenses are low

5) ( grave) <tono/voz> deep, low

6) ( vil) <acción/instinto> low, base

caer bajo: qué bajo has caído! — how could you stoop so low!

•

- baja cuna

- baja forma

- baja frecuencia

- bajas presiones

- bajos fondos

- bajo vientre
II
adverbio

a) <volar/pasar> low

b) <hablar/cantar> softly, quietly

habla más bajo! — keep your voice down!
III
masculino

1)

a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

b)

los bajos — (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

2)

a) (de falda, vestido) hem

b) bajos masculino plural (Auto) underside

3) ( contrabajo) (double) bass
IV
preposición

a) ( debajo de) under

bajo techo — under cover, indoors

tres grados bajo cero — three degrees below zero

bajo el cielo estrellado — (liter) beneath the starry sky (liter)

b) (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under

bajo juramento — under oath

bajo los efectos del alcohol — under the influence of alcohol

bajo el título... — under the title...

* * *

bajo¹

¹ = bass.

Nota: Instrumento musical.

Ex: Russian singer Vladimir Ognovenko is one of the most arresting basses on the opera scene today.

bajo²

² = ground floor.

Nota: Piso de un edificio situado al nivel de la calle.

Ex: The ground floor of the library contains a foyer with separate entrance to different departments.

* bajo comercial = commercial premise.

bajo³

³ = low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], lowly [lowlier -comp., lowliest -sup.], sagging, low-lying.

Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.

Ex: Such a concept came as a great surprise to many information educators who rather dismissively regarded the information qua information field of activity as being too lowly in terms of salary potential.

Ex: It was obvious that Balzac's enthusiasm for the grant lifted his spirits up from their normal sagging state.

Ex: With the introduction of irrigation, low-lying areas are prone to waterlogging and soil salinization.

* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.

* a bajo coste = low-cost.

* a bajo costo = low-cost.

* a bajo nivel = low-level.

* a bajo precio = lower-cost, lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.

* altibajos = ups and downs.

* altos y bajos = highs and lows, peaks and valleys.

* arma de bajo calibre = small arm.

* baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.

* baja resolución = low resolution.

* baja tecnología = low tech [low-tech].

* baja temperatura = low temperature.

* bajo cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.

* bajo consumo = low power consumption.

* bajo coste = low cost.

* bajo en ácido = low-acid.

* bajo en calorías = low cal, low-calorie.

* bajo en carbohidratos = low-carb(ohydrate).

* bajo en grasas = low fat.

* bajo en hidratos de carbono = low-carb(ohydrate).

* bajo precio = low cost.

* bajo presión = under the cosh.

* bajos ingresos = low income.

* bajo vientre = lower abdomen.

* barrio bajo = skid row.

* bebida baja en alcohol = low-alcohol drink.

* cuando la marea está baja = at low tide.

* cultura de la clase baja = low culture.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo estatus social = low-status.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* decir en voz baja = say under + Posesivo + breath, say in + a low voice, say in + a quiet voice.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* de tacón bajo = low-heeled.

* dieta baja en carbohidratos = low-carb diet.

* dieta baja en hidratos de carbono = low-carb diet.

* el más bajo = rock-bottom.

* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.

* en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en su punto más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.

* en un punto bajo = at a low ebb.

* estar muy bajo = be way down.

* familia de bajos ingresos = low-income family.

* fijar precios bajos = price + low.

* frente de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure.

* hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.

* marea baja = low tide.

* más bien bajo = shortish.

* monte bajo = undergrowth, understorey [understory, -USA], fynbos, shrubland, scrubland.

* Países Bajos, los = Netherlands, the, Low Countries, the.

* período bajo = dry spell.

* período de baja actividad = dry spell.

* persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* planta baja = ground floor.

* que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.

* que vuela bajo = low-flying.

* sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.

* temporada baja = low season.

* tirando a bajo = shortish.

* tirar a lo bajo = low-ball.

bajo⁴

= under.

Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

* acoger bajo la representación de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.

* acoger bajo la tutela de Uno = bring under + Posesivo + umbrella.

* bajo agua = undersea, underwater.

* bajo amenaza = under threat.

* bajo arresto domiciliario = under house arrest.

* bajo cero = below zero.

* bajo ciertas circunstancias = under certain circumstances.

* bajo ciertas condiciones = under certain conditions.

* bajo coacción = under duress.

* bajo el asesoramiento de = on the advice of.

* bajo el brazo = under + Posesivo + arm.

* bajo el cargo de = on charges of.

* bajo el control de = under the control of.

* bajo el emblema = under the banner.

* bajo el manto de la noche = under the cover of darkness, under the cloak of darkness.

* bajo el patrocinio de = under the aegis of.

* bajo el sol = in the eye of the sun.

* bajo el yugo de = under the yoke of.

* bajo juramento = under oath, sworn.

* bajo la apariencia de = in the guise of, under the guise of.

* bajo la competencia de = under the jurisdiction of.

* bajo la dirección de = under the supervision of.

* bajo las garras de = under the grip of.

* bajo la supervisión de = under the supervision of.

* bajo la tutela = under the auspices of.

* bajo la tutela de = under the aegis of.

* bajo la tutela de Alguien = under + Posesivo + auspices.

* bajo llave = under lock and key.

* bajo los auspicios de = under the aegis of, under the auspices of.

* bajo los auspicios de Alguien = under + Posesivo + auspices.

* bajo los pies = underfoot.

* bajo lupa = under the microscope.

* bajo ninguna circunstancia = under no/any circumstances.

* bajo ningún concepto = on no account, not on any account, under no/any circumstances.

* bajo + Posesivo + custodia = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.

* bajo presión = under pressure.

* bajo reforma = under reform.

* bajo sospecha = under suspicion.

* bajo tierra = underground, below surface.

* bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.

* decretar libertad bajo fianza = remand.

* guardar bajo llave = keep under + lock and key.

* libertad bajo fianza = bail.

* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.

* tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.

* territorio bajo mandato = mandate.

bajo⁵

⁵ = lowdown, mean [meaner -comp., meanest -sup.].

Ex: The board clearly didn't care if its commissioner was a lowdown, lying, corrupt and untrustworthy creep, likely because that is the nature of the entire organization.

Ex: Whereas in most European countries during this period welfare provision continued to develop, in Australia it languished at a level which, with the exception of Japan, was the meanest of the developed countries.

* * *

bajo¹ -ja

adjective

A [ SER] ‹persona› short

ese chico bajito que trabaja en el bar that short o small guy who works in the bar

B (indicando posición, nivel)

1 [ SER] ‹techo› low; ‹tierras› low-lying

un vestido de talle bajo a low-waisted dress

2 [ ESTAR] ‹lámpara/cuadro› low

las ramas más bajas del árbol the lowest branches of the tree

la parte baja de la estantería the bottom shelf/lower shelves of the bookcase

el nivel de aceite está bajo the oil level is low

¡qué bajo está el río! isn't the river low!

la marea está baja it's low tide, the tide is out

3

(bajado): la casa tenía las persianas bajas the house had the blinds down

caminaba con la mirada baja she walked (along) looking at the ground o with her eyes lowered

C

1 ‹calificación/precio/número› low; ‹temperatura› low

bajo en nicotina y alquitrán low in nicotine and tar

una bebida baja en calorías a low-calorie drink

tiene la tensión or presión baja he has low blood pressure, his blood pressure is low

liquidaban todo a precios bajísimos they were selling everything off really cheap(ly)

artículos de baja calidad poor-quality goods

por lo bajoor ( RPl) por parte baja at least

les va a costar 10.000 tirando or echando por lo bajo ( fam); it's going to cost them at least 10,000, it's going to cost them 10,000 easily o at (the very) least

2 ‹volumen/luz› low

lo dijo en voz baja he said it quietly o in a low voice

pon la radio bajita put the radio on quietly

3 ‹oro› below 14 karats

D estar bajo DE algo

(falto de): están bajos de moral they're in low spirits, their morale is low

está baja de defensas her defenses are low

E (grave) ‹tono/voz› deep, low

F (vil) ‹acción/instinto› low, base

caer bajoor en lo bajo: ha caído en lo más bajo she stooped pretty low

¡qué bajo has caído! how could you stoop so low?, how low can you get!

Compuestos:

● baja cuna

feminine humble origins (pl)

● baja Edad Media

feminine:

la bajoa Edad Media the late Middle Ages (pl)

● baja forma

feminine:

estoy en bajoa forma I'm in bad shape, I'm not on form, I'm feeling below par

la bajoa forma del equipo nacional the poor form of the national team

● baja frecuencia

feminine low frequency

● baja policía

feminine ( Per) garbage ( AmE) o ( BrE) refuse collection and street cleaning service

● bajas pasiones

fpl animal passions (pl)

● bajas presiones

fpl low pressure

● baja tecnología

feminine low technology

de bajoa tecnología low-technology ( before n), low-tech

● bajo Latín

masculine Low Latin

● bajo relieve

masculine bas-relief

● bajos fondos

mpl underworld

● bajo vientre

masculine:

el bajo vientre the lower abdomen

bajo²

adverb

1 ‹volar/pasar› low

2 ‹hablar/cantar› softly, quietly

canta más bajo sing more softly

¡habla más bajo! keep your voice down!

bajo³

masculine

A

1 (planta baja) first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor; (local) commercial premises ( on the first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor of a building)

2 los bajos mpl ( RPl) the first ( AmE) o ( BrE) ground floor

B

1 (de una falda, un vestido) hem; (de un pantalón) cuff ( AmE), turn-up ( BrE)

2 bajos mpl ( Auto) underbody

C (contrabajo) bass, double bass

D

( Chi fam) (fin): darle el bajo a algn to do away with sb ( colloq), to get rid of sb

darle el bajo a algo to polish sth off ( colloq)

bajo⁴

prep

1 (debajo de) under

corrimos a ponernos bajo techo we ran to get under cover

ponte bajo el paraguas get under o underneath the umbrella

tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero

cuando yo esté bajo tierra when I'm dead and buried

bajo el cielo estrellado ( liter); beneath the starry sky ( liter)

cantando bajo la lluvia singing in the rain

2 (expresando sujeción, dependencia) under

está bajo juramento you are under oath

bajo Alfonso XIII under Alfonso XIII, during the reign of Alfonso XIII

bajo su mando under his command

bajo los efectos del alcohol under the influence of alcohol

bajo ese punto de vista looking at it from that point of view

bajo el título `España hoy' under the title `España hoy'

fianza, garantía, llave² (↑ llave (2)), etc

* * *

Del verbo bajar: ( conjugate bajar)

bajo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

bajó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
bajar
bajo
bajar ( conjugate bajar) verbo intransitivo
1
a) [ascensor/persona] ( alejándose) to go down;

( acercándose) to come down;
◊ bajo por las escaleras to go/come down the stairs;

ya bajo I'll be right down
b) ( apearse) bajo de algo ‹de tren/avión› to get off sth;

‹ de coche› to get out of sth;
‹de caballo/bicicleta› to get off sth
c) (Dep) [ equipo] to go down

2
a) [ marea] to go out

b) [fiebre/tensión] to go down, drop;

[ hinchazón] to go down;
[ temperatura] to fall, drop
c) [precio/valor] to fall, drop;

[ calidad] to deteriorate;
[ popularidad] to diminish;
◊ bajo de precio to go down in price

verbo transitivo
1 ‹escalera/cuesta› to go down
2 ‹brazo/mano› to put down, lower
3
a) bajo algo (de algo) ‹de armario/estante› to get sth down (from sth);

‹ del piso de arriba› ( traer) to bring sth down (from sth);
( llevar) to take sth down (to sth)
b) bajo a algn de algo ‹de mesa/caballo› to get sb off sth

4
a) ‹persiana/telón› to lower;

‹ ventanilla› to open
b) ‹ cremallera› to undo

5 ‹ precio› to lower;
‹ fiebre› to bring down;
‹ volumen› to turn down;
‹ voz› to lower
bajarse verbo pronominal
1 ( apearse) bajose de algo ‹de tren/autobús› to get off sth;
‹ de coche› to get out of sth;
‹de caballo/bicicleta› to get off sth;
‹de pared/árbol› to get down off sth
2 ‹ pantalones› to take down;
‹ falda› to pull down
bajo 1
◊ -ja adjetivo

1 [ser] ‹ persona› short
2
a) [ser] ‹ techo› low;

‹ tierras› low-lying
b) [estar] ‹lámpara/cuadro/nivel› low;

◊ la marea está baja the tide is out;

están bajos de moral their morale is low;
está bajo de defensas his defenses are low
3
a) ‹calificación/precio/temperatura› low;

◊ bajo en nicotina y alquitrán low in nicotine and tar;

bajo en calorías low-calorie;
de baja calidad poor-quality
b) ‹volumen/luz› low;

◊ en voz baja quietly, in a low voice

4 ( grave) ‹tono/voz› deep, low
5 ( vil) ‹acción/instinto› low, base;
◊ los bajos fondos the underworld

bajo 2 adverbio
a) ‹volar/pasar› low

b) ‹hablar/cantar› softly, quietly;

◊ ¡habla más bajo! keep your voice down!

■ sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( planta baja) first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

b)

◊ los bajos (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor

2 ( contrabajo) (double) bass
■ preposición
under;
◊ bajo techo under cover, indoors;

tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero;
bajo juramento under oath
bajar
I verbo transitivo
1 (descender) to come o go down: bajé corriendo la cuesta, I ran downhill ➣ Ver nota en ir 2 (llevar algo abajo) to bring o get o take down: baja los disfraces del trastero, bring the costumes down from the attic
3 (un telón) to lower
(una persiana) to let down
(la cabeza) to bow o lower
4 (reducir el volumen) to turn down
(la voz) to lower
5 (los precios, etc) to reduce, cut
6 (ropa, dobladillo) tengo que bajar el vestido, I've got to let the hem down
7 Mús tienes que bajar un tono, you've got to go down a tone
II verbo intransitivo
1 to go o come down: bajamos al bar, we went down to the bar
2 (apearse de un tren, un autobús) to get off
(de un coche) to get out [de, of]: tienes que bajarte en la siguiente parada, you've got to get off at the next stop
3 (disminuir la temperatura, los precios) to fall, drop: ha bajado su cotización en la bolsa, its share prices have dropped in the stock exchange
bajo,-a
I adjetivo
1 low
2 (de poca estatura) short: es muy bajo para jugar al baloncesto, he's a bit too short to play basketball
3 (poco intenso) faint, soft: en este local la música está baja, the music isn't very loud here
4 (escaso) poor: su nivel es muy bajo, his level is very low
este queso es bajo en calorías, this cheese is low in calories
5 Mús low
6 fig (mezquino, vil, ruin) base, despicable: tiene muy bajos instintos, he's absolutely contemptible
bajos fondos, the underworld
la clase baja, the lower class
II adverbio low: habla bajo, por favor, please speak quietly
por lo b., (a sus espaldas, disimuladamente) on the sly: con Pedro es muy amable, pero por lo bajo echa pestes de él, she's very nice to Pedro, but she's always slagging him off behind his back
(como mínimo) at least: ese libro cuesta cinco mil pesetas tirando por lo bajo, that book costs at least five thousand pesetas
III sustantivo masculino
1 Mús (instrumento, cantante, instrumentista) bass
2 (de un edificio) ground floor
3 (de una prenda) hem
IV mpl Mec underneath: las piedras del camino le rozaron los bajos del coche, we scratched the bottom of the car against the stones on the road
V preposición
1 (lugar) under, underneath
bajo techo, under shelter
bajo tierra, underground
bajo la tormenta, in the storm
2 Pol Hist under
bajo la dictadura, under the dictatorship 3 bajo cero, (temperatura) below zero
4 Jur under
bajo fianza, on bail
bajo juramento, under oath
bajo multa de cien mil pesetas, subject to a fine of one hundred thousand pesetas
bajo ningún concepto, under no circumstances
firmó la declaración bajo presión, she signed the declaration under pressure
La traducción más común del adjetivo es low. Sin embargo, recuerda que cuando quieres describir a una persona debes usar la palabra short: Es muy bajo para su edad. He's very short for his age.

' bajo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
auspicio
- baja
- caer
- calificar
- caloría
- circunstancia
- concepto
- confiar
- control
- cuerda
- dominación
- fianza
- fiebre
- guardia
- hundida
- hundido
- imperio
- ínfima
- ínfimo
- insolación
- juramento
- libertad
- llave
- manía
- ministerio
- monte
- murmurar
- par
- pretexto
- próxima
- próximo
- rescoldo
- ropa
- sarro
- so
- tapón
- techo
- tierra
- tono
- vigilancia
- a
- abrasar
- anestesia
- arresto
- ático
- bajar
- bajío
- chato
- chico
- coacción
English:
account
- aloud
- auspice
- bail
- bass
- bass guitar
- below
- beneath
- body
- bottom
- clampdown
- complaint
- conceal
- condition
- content
- control
- cover
- cuff
- custody
- depressed
- distraught
- down
- drunk driving
- DUI
- escrow
- feel
- floodlight
- foresight
- freezing
- ground
- gun
- hand
- honour
- hurtle
- in
- keep down
- lock away
- low
- low-alcohol
- low-budget
- low-calorie
- low-cost
- lower
- Lower Egypt
- lowest
- microscope
- minus
- oath
- observation
- off

* * *

bajo, -a

♦ adj

1. [objeto, cifra] low;
[persona, estatura] short;
es más bajo que su amigo he's shorter than his friend;

el pantano está muy bajo the water (level) in the reservoir is very low;

tengo la tensión baja I have low blood pressure;

tener la moral baja, estar bajo de moral to be in low o poor spirits;

estar en baja forma to be off form;

han mostrado una baja forma alarmante they have shown worryingly poor form, they have been worryingly off form;

los precios más bajos de la ciudad the lowest prices in the city;

tirando o [m5] calculando por lo bajo at least, at the minimum;

de baja calidad poor(-quality);

bajo en calorías low-calorie;

bajo en nicotina low in nicotine (content)

Comp
Elec baja frecuencia low frequency; Arte bajo relieve bas-relief; Informát baja resolución low resolution
2. [cabeza] bowed;
[ojos] downcast;
paseaba con la cabeza baja she was walking with her head down

3. [poco audible] low;
[sonido] soft, faint;
en voz baja softly, in a low voice;

pon la música más baja, por favor turn the music down, please;

por lo bajo [en voz baja] in an undertone;
[en secreto] secretly;
reírse por lo bajo to snicker, to snigger

4. [grave] deep

5. Geog lower;

el bajo Amazonas the lower Amazon

6. Hist lower;

la baja Edad Media the late Middle Ages

7. [pobre] lower-class

Comp
los bajos fondos the underworld
8. [vil] base

9. [soez] coarse, vulgar;

se dejó llevar por bajas pasiones he allowed his baser instincts to get the better of him

10. [metal] base

11. Perú baja policía street cleaners

♦ nm

1. [dobladillo] hem;

meter el bajo de una falda to take up a skirt

2. [planta baja] [piso] Br ground floor flat, US first floor apartment;
[local] Br premises on the ground floor, US premises on the first floor;
los bajos Br the ground floor, US the first floor

3. Mús [instrumento, cantante] bass;
[instrumentista] bassist
4. Mús [sonido] bass

5. Aut
bajos [de vehículo] underside

6. [hondonada] hollow

7. [banco de arena] shoal, sandbank

♦ adv

1. [hablar] quietly, softly;

ella habla más bajo que él she speaks more softly than he does;

¡habla más bajo, vas a despertar al bebé! keep your voice down or you'll wake the baby up!

2. [caer] low;
Fig
¡qué bajo has caído! how low you have sunk!

3. [volar] low

♦ prep

1. [debajo de] under;

bajo su apariencia pacífica se escondía un ser agresivo beneath his calm exterior there lay an aggressive nature;

bajo cero below zero;
Fig
bajo cuerda o [m5] mano secretly, in an underhand manner;

le pagó bajo mano para conseguir lo que quería he paid her secretly to get what he wanted;

bajo este ángulo from this angle;

bajo la lluvia in the rain;

bajo techo under cover;

dormir bajo techo to sleep with a roof over one's head o indoors

2. [sometido a]
bajo coacción under duress;

bajo control under control;

bajo el régimen de Franco under Franco's regime;

fue encarcelado bajo la acusación de… he was jailed on charges of…;
Der
bajo fianza on bail;

bajo mando de under the command of;

prohibido aparcar bajo multa de 100 euros no parking – penalty 100 euros;

bajo observación under observation;

bajo palabra on one's word;

el trato se hizo bajo palabra it was a purely verbal o a gentleman's agreement;

bajo pena de muerte on pain of death;

bajo tratamiento médico receiving medical treatment;

bajo la tutela de in the care of

* * *

bajo

I adj

1 low;

bajo en sal low in salt

2 persona short

II m

1 MÚS bass

2 piso first floor, Br

ground floor; de edificio first floor apartment, Br

ground floor flat

3 de vestido, pantalón hem

4

:

por lo bajo at least

III adv

1 cantar, hablar quietly, softly

2 volar low

IV prp under;

tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero;

bajo juramento o

palabra on o under oath

* * *

bajo adv

1) : down, low

2) : softly, quietly

habla más bajo: speak more softly

bajo, -ja adj

1) : low

2) : short (of stature)

3) : soft, faint, deep (of sounds)

4) : lower

el bajo Amazonas: the lower Amazon

5) : lowered

con la mirada baja: with lowered eyes

6) : base, vile

7)

los bajos fondos : the underworld

bajo nm

1) : bass (musical instrument)

2) : first floor, ground floor

3) : hemline

bajo prep

: under, beneath, below

* * *

bajo¹ adj

1. (persona) short

un hombre bajo a short man

2. (muro, mueble, voz) low

un techo bajo a low ceiling

habla en voz baja she speaks in a low voice / she speaks quietly

3. (nivel, precio, número) low

un motor de bajo consumo an engine with low petrol consumption

todo está a bajo precio everything is cheap

bajo² adv

1. (con poca altura) low

ese avión vuela muy bajo that plane is flying very low

2. (con voz suave) quietly

procura hablar más bajo try and speak more quietly

bajo³ n

1. (planta baja) ground floor

tiene el despacho en el bajo his office is on the ground floor

2. (de una prenda) hem

tenía deshilachados los bajos de los pantalones the hems of his trousers were frayed

3. (instrumento, voz) bass

¿quién toca el bajo? who plays the bass?

4. (músico) bass player

bajo⁴ prep under

los submarinos navegan bajo la superficie del mar submarines sail under the surface of the sea

bajo la lluvia in the rain

Spanish-English dictionary > bajo
55 нагрузка

1. ж. мех. эл., load

без нагрузки — at no-load

включать нагрузку — throw on the load

включаться на нагрузку — pick up and carry the load

нагрузка возникает в результате … — a load arises from

нагрузка от … — load due to …

воспринимать нагрузку — react a load

под нагрузкой — under load

прикладывать нагрузку — load

принимать нагрузку — assume a load

распределять нагрузку между генераторами — divide the load between the generators

сбрасывать нагрузку — throw off the load

повторяющаяся нагрузка — repeated load

поправка на нагрузку — load correction

приложение нагрузки — load application

пульсирующая нагрузка — pulsating load

с разделенной нагрузкой — split loaded

2. ж. duty

работа с переменной нагрузкой — varying duty

двигатель с постоянной нагрузкой — constant duty engine

годовая нагрузка на одну машину — annual duty per machine

тепловая нагрузка трубчатой печи — heat duty of pipestill

3. ж. тлф. телегр., traffic

нагрузка аварийного режима — emergency load

активная нагрузка — resistive load

аэродинамическая нагрузка — aerodynamic load

базовая нагрузка — base load

балластная нагрузка — ballast load

безопасная нагрузка — safe load

безындуктивная нагрузка — non-inductive load

бесшлаковочная нагрузка — boiler rating without wall clinkering

бытовая нагрузка — appliance load

ветровая нагрузка — wind load

вибрационная нагрузка — vibratory load

внепиковая нагрузка — off-peak load

внецентренная нагрузка — eccentric load

воздушная нагрузка — air load

уравновешивать воздушную нагрузку инерционной — place air load in equilibrium with inertia load

временная нагрузка — temporary load

вторичная нагрузка — burden

гидростатическая нагрузка — hydrostatic load

гололёдная нагрузка — sleet load

динамическая нагрузка — dynamic load

длительная нагрузка — sustained load

ёмкостная нагрузка — capacitive load

нагрузка зеркала испарения — water surface duty; rate of evaporation per of water surface

знакопеременная нагрузка — alternating load

изгибающая нагрузка — bending load

импульсная нагрузка — pulse load

индуктивная нагрузка — inductive load

инерционная нагрузка — inertia load

испытательная нагрузка — test load

нагрузка карты — map details

консольная нагрузка — cantilever load

косонаправленная нагрузка — oblique load

нагрузка массы — mass load

мгновенная нагрузка — instantaneous load

нагрузка на крепь — support load

нагрузка на ось — axle load

неподвижная нагрузка — quiescent load

несимметричная нагрузка — unbalanced load

несогласованная нагрузка — unmatched load

номинальная нагрузка — rated load

нормативная нагрузка — proof load

оконечная нагрузка — terminal load

осветительная нагрузка — lighting demand

осевая нагрузка — axial load

отопительная нагрузка — beating demand

нагрузка от порыва ветра — gust load

паровая нагрузка — steam demand

нагрузка парового объёма — steam space duty

нагрузка переменного направления — alternating load

периодическая знакопостоянная нагрузка — intermittent load

пиковая нагрузка — peak load

распределять пиковую нагрузку — smooth out the peak load

подвижная нагрузка — movable load

полезная нагрузка — payload

полная нагрузка — full load

посадочная нагрузка — landing load

постоянная нагрузка — permanent load

предельная нагрузка — ultimate load

нагрузка при торможении — brake load

проектная нагрузка — design load

промышленная нагрузка — industrial load

рабочая нагрузка — workload

распределять рабочую нагрузку равномерно — smooth out workload

равномерная нагрузка — uniform load

равномерно распределённая нагрузка — uniformly distributed load

раздельная нагрузка — split load

разрушающая нагрузка — breaking load

разрывная нагрузка — breaking load

распределённая нагрузка — distributed load

растягивающая нагрузка — tensile load

расчётная нагрузка — design load

реактивная нагрузка — reactive load

сжимающая нагрузка — compressive load

силовая нагрузка — power load

симметричная нагрузка — balanced load

согласованная нагрузка — matched load

сосредоточенная нагрузка — concentrated load

сплошная нагрузка — continuous load

нагрузка стояночного режима — anchor load

телефонная нагрузка — telephone traffic

тепловая нагрузка — beat demand

тормозная нагрузка — brake load

тяговая нагрузка — thrust loading; traction load

ударная нагрузка — impact load

удельная нагрузка — unit load

нагрузка ходового режима — cruising load

пиковая нагрузка — peak traffic

нагрузка линии связи — traffic value

исходящая нагрузка — outgoing traffic

поступающая нагрузка — called traffic

выполненная нагрузка — carried traffic

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > нагрузка
56 τράπεζα

τράπεζ-α [pron. full] [τρᾰ], ης, ἡ, [dialect] Dor. [full] τράπεσδα Alcm.74b:—

A table, esp. dining-table, eating-table, freq. in Hom., Τηλεμάχοιο τ., ἐμὴ τ., Od.17.333, 447, cf. IG12.330.4, Men.518.2; τ. παραθεῖναι Hdt.6.139
, Alex.171; παρέκειτο τ. Il.24.476
; τ. εἰσφέρειν, ἐπάγειν, Ar.V. 1216, Anaxandr. 2 (but ἐσῄρετο is prob. cj.); ἡ τ. εἰσῄρετο Ar.Ra. 518
; τ. ἀφαιρεῖν Od. 19.61
, X.Smp.2.1 ([voice] Pass.); αἴρειν Men.273
, cf. 451; ἐκφέρειν Pl.Com. 69.2
; ξενίη τ. the hospitable board, ἴστω Ζεύς.. ξενίη τε τ. Od.14.158
, cf. 21.28; ᾔσχυνε ξενίαν τ. κλοπαῖσι A.Ag. 401
(lyr.), cf. 701 (lyr.); ὅρκον μέγαν, ἅλας τε καὶ τράπεζαν Archil.96
, cf. Wilcken Chr.11.58 (ii B. C.); ἡ ξενικὴ τ. Aeschin.3.224
; τοὺς τῆς πόλεως ἅλας καὶ τὴν δημοσίαν τ. Id.2.22
; δέξασθαι τραπέζῃ καὶ κοίτῃ entertain at bed and board, Hdt.5.20; κοίτης μεθέξουσα καὶ τραπέζης μόνον Plu.Brut.13
; ἐπὶ τὰς αὐτὰς τ. ἰέναι Antipho 2.1.10
; τράπεζαν Περσικὴν παρετίθετο he kept a table in the Persian fashion, Th.1.130; τ. κοσμεῖν X. Cyr.8.2.6
, etc.; εἰς ἀλλοτρίαν τ. ἀποβλέπειν live at other men's table, at their expense, Id.An.7.2.33; τὴν τ. ἀνατρέπειν upset the table, D.19.198; prov. of a spendthrift, And.1.130; table dedicated to the gods, on which meats and offerings were set out, IG12.190.4, 840.19, 22.1245.6, 1534.163, 1933.2, Din.3.2; τ. ἱερά PCair.Zen. 708
(iii B. C.); ἐπὶ τὴν τ. τῶν Διοσκόρων ib.569.24 (iii B. C.); τ. Κυρίου, τ. δαιμονίων, 1 Ep.Cor.10.21.

2 table, as implying what is upon it, meal, ἄνομος τ. Hdt.1.162
, cf. E.Alc.2, X.An.7.3.22; also βορᾶς τ. S.OT 1464
; Συρακοσίων τ., prov. of luxurious living, Ar.Fr. 216, cf. Pl.R. 404d; Σικελικαὶ τ. prov. ap. Jul. Or.6.203a; πολυτελὴς τ. Epicur.Ep.3p.64U.
; δεύτεραι τ. the second course, Plu.2.133e, Ath.14.639b; cf. τράγημα.

II money-changer's counter, ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐπὶ τῶν τ. Pl.Ap. 17c
, cf. Plu.2.70f; αἱ τ. τῶν κολλυβιστῶν Ev.Matt.21.12
; most freq. bank, Lys 9.5, etc.; ἡ ἐργασία ἡ τῆς τ. the right to operate the bank, D.36.6; ἡ ἐγγύη ἡ ἐπὶ τὴν τ. security given to the bank, Id.33.10; δοῦναι ἀργύριον ἐπὶ τ. Ev.Luc.19.23
; τὸ ἐπὶ τὴν τ. χρέως D.33.24
;
οἱ ἐπὶ ταῖς τ.
bankers, Isoc.17.2
; κατασκευάζεσθαι τράπεζαν set up a bank, Is.Fr.66; τῆς τ. ἀνασκευασθείσης the bank having been broken, D.33.9; δημοσία τ. public bank at Delos, IG22.2336.180 (i B. C.); in Egypt, POxy. 835 (Aug.), etc.; βασιλικὴ τ. in Egypt, PEleph.27.22 (iii B. C.), PTeb.27.70 (ii B. C.), etc.; χειριστὴς τῆς ἐν τῇ Πολέμωνος μερίδι τ. PEnteux.38.1
(iii B. C.); opp. ἰδιωτικὴ τ. POxy. 305
(i A. D.), etc.; κολλυβιστικαὶ τ. ib.1411.4 (iii A. D.).

III any table or flat surface on which a thing rests: as,

1 cross bench in which the mast is fixed, Sch. Il.15.729; τ. δολωνική, v. δολωνικός.

2 platform on which slaves were exposed for sale, Ar.Fr. 874.

3 tablet or slab with a relief or inscription, τ. χαλκῆ Orac. ap. D.21.53, cf. Paus.8.31.3; at a tomb, Plu.2.838c.

4 plinth of a statue, CIG4702.7 (Egypt, iv B. C.).

b lamp- stand, PSI4.428.39 (iii B. C.).

5 nether millstone, BGU251.17 (i A. D.), Poll.7.19.

6 part of a torsion engine, prob. the plinth, Ph.Bel.54.2, HeroBel.100.1.

7 part of the liver, Nic.Th. 560, Polyaen.4.20, Ruf.Onom. 180.

8 shoulder-blade, Poll.2.177.

9 grinding surface of the teeth, ib.93, Ruf.Onom.54. (The word is shortd. from τετράπεζα; hence the question καὶ πόθεν ἐγὼ τρίπουν τ. λήψομαι; as if this were an absurdity, Ar.Fr. 530; τ. τρισκελεῖς Cratin.301
:—so τρίπεζα, τρέπεδδα (qq. v.), of three-legged tables.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τράπεζα
57 переход

transition, transfer
(от одного этапа, процесса, состояния к другому)
- (одной поверхности в другую) — pass
зализы обеспечивают плавный переход между крылом и фюзеляжем. — the fillets provide а smooth pass between the wing and the fuselage.
- (при выполнении операций при ремонте, разборке, сборке) — step steps shall be numbered for ease of reference.
- (с одного режима на др. о работе оборудования) — change (over) to, switching to, placing in
- (с одного режима на другой) без переходного процесса — transient-free transfer
-, безусловный (в эвм) — unconditional transfer
- (возврат) в режим — return to...mode

ons returns to omega mode of operation.
-, галтельный — fillet
- за заданное положение (напр., чрезмерно большое отклонение рулей) — runaway
-, закругленный (детали) — fillet
- к скорости набора высоты — transition to climb speed
- ламинарного потока в турбулентный — transition from laminar to turbulent flow
- на питание (двигателя топливом) из другого бака — selection of another fuel tank
топливная система должна обеспечивать быстрый переход на питание двигателя из другого бака при выработке топлива из расходного бака. — the fuel system must feed the engine promptly when fuel becomes low in one tank and another tank is selected.
- на ручное управление — change-over to the manual control
- от взлетной к полетной конфигурации — transition from the takeoff to the en route configuration
траектория взлета начинается на линии старта до момента, к которому заканчивается переход от взлетной к полетной конфигурации. — the takeoff path extends from а standing start to а point in the takeoff at which the transition from the takeoff to the en route configuration is completed.
- от нормального режима к режиму висения (вертолета) — reconversion the final reconversion at а minimum terrain clearance height is followed by the vertical landing.
- от управления на маршруте к управлению в зоне аэродрома (перед заходом на посадку) — handover from en-route control to terminal control
-, плавный — smooth transition
-, плавный (галтель) — fillet, smooth curve
- с маршрутного управления на управпение в зоне аэропорта — handover from en-route to terminal control
- с приема на передачу (радио) — change from reception to transmission
- (заброс) стрелки (прибора) — overswing of the pointer

observe overswing of the pointer in degrees past the equilibrium position.
- стрелки (прибора) через отметку шкалы — (instrument) pointer passing over /through/ scale point
-, условный (в эвм) — conditional transfer /jump/
выполнение п. от... к... конфигурации — accomplishment of transition from the... to... configuration
завершение п. от... к... конфигурации — completion of transition from... to... configuration
начала п. от... к... конфигурации — beginning of transition from... to... configuration
выполнять плавный и безопасный п. от одного этапа маневра к другому — accomplish safe and smooth transition between each stage of meneuver
завершать п. от... к... конфигурации — complete transition from... to... configuration
зачищать с плавным п. на основную (окружающую) поверхность — blend smoothly into surrounding surface
начинать п. от... к... конфигурации — begin transition from... to... configuration
обеспечивать плавный п. от мест зачистки (выступающих элементов дефекта) к основной поверхности — blend smoothly cleaned area (or edges of damage) into surrounding surface
повторять (5-й) п. (операцию) для (установки) блока — repeat step (5) to install unit, repeat operation prescribed in step (5) to install unit

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > переход
58 рычаг (рис. 57)

lever
- (поверхности управления) — horn
кабанчик (поводок), установленный на поверхности управления (напр., элероне, рулях высоты и направления), к которому крепится трос или тяга управления (рис.23) — а short lever attached to а control surface of an aircraft, to which the operating wire or rod is connected. typical examples are aileron horn, elevator horn, rudder horn, etc.
- автомата перекоса (рис.42) — swashplate arm /lever, horn/
- блокировки (реверса тяги) — (thrust reverser) interlock lever
- ввода командного сигнала (бустера) (рис.20) — input lever (of actuator)
- вертикального перемещения (регулирования) сиденья — seat vertical control lever. used for manual up or down adjustment of the seat.
- взвода (держателя) — (shackle) cocking lever
- взвода (системы) — arming lever
-, вильчатый — bifurcate lever
усилие от ручки управления передается к верхней части вильчатого рычага, вилка котoporo охватывает силовой шток гидроусилителя. — the pilot input demands arrive at the top of a bifurcate lever which bifurcates to pass round each side of the surface operating rod.
-, входной (механизма) — input lever
- выключения привода генератора (в положении (выкл.)) — generator drive disconnect lever (in disengage position)
- высотного корректора (пд) — mixture control lever
- выстрела (катапультного кресла) — seat ejection /firing/ handle /handgrip, trigger/
-, выходной (механизма) — output lever
- "газ-реверс" комбинированный рычаг управления двигателем и реверсом тяги. — throttle and reverser control lever
-, двуплечий — double-arm lever
- действия (прицепа) — control lever
- (диагонального перемещения (регулирования положения no диагонали) сиденья — manual diagonal control lever. for manual diagonal adjustment.
- дозирующей иглы (командно-топливного агрегата или регулятора топлива гтд) — (fuel control unit, fcu) throttle valve lever
- дроссельной заслонки на карбюраторе — carburetor throttle lever
- заправочного пистолета — fuel discharge nozzle trigger
- запуска двигателя — engine start lever
- крана высокого давления (в управлении двигателем) — hp cock lever. advance the hp cock lever to start and then to run.
- магнето (с подушечкой) — cam follower lever

cam lobe strikes the cam follower lever.
- на валу (управления рулем высоты) (рис.23) — (elevator) torque tube lever /arm/
- (управления, напр., пожарным краном), находящийся в кабине экипажа — flight compartment (fire shutoff) lever
- обратной связи (регулятора топлива) — feedback arm
-, общий 2-х позиционный — single 2 position lever
- останова (двигателя) (род) — hp fuel shut-off valve /cock/ lever
положения: открыт, работа, закрыт. — located on pedestal and has placarded positions: fuel off, run, fuel on.
-, перекидной (двуплечая качалка в проводке управления) — bellcrank
- перестановки упоров полетного малого газа (рис. 57) — flight idle stop control lever
- поворота лопасти (несущего или хвостового винта) — blade pitch lever /arm/
- поворота сиденья — seat swivel control lever

lever releases lock for manually rotating seat.
- подвески (колеса) шасси (рис. 27) — wheel (suspension) lever
- поплавка — float arm
-, приводной (лопаток рна) — (igv) drive arm /lever/
- продольного перемещения (регулирования) сиденья — manual seat fore and aft control lever

used for manual fore and aft seat adjustment.
- раздельного управления газом двигателей (вертолета) (рру,рруд) — separate throttle control lever
- регулирования продольнопоперечного положения чашки сиденья — seat pan longitudinal-lateral control lever
- (кабанчик) руля высоты — elevator horn
- (кабанчик) руля направления — rudder horn
- силовой (створки реверса) — thrust reverser bucket /door/ drive arm /lever/
- створок реверса — thrust reverser bucket /door/ control lever
- стоп-крана (в кабине) — hp fuel shut-off lever
- стопора (стопорения) руд (рис. 57) — throttle lever lock /brake/ control lever
- стояночного тормоза — parking brake control lever
- топлива (дозирующей иглы kta, hp) — throttle valve lever
- торможения руд (рычагов управления двигателями) (рис. 57) — throttle lock /brake/ control lever
-, тройной (трехплечая качалка) — three-arm bellcrank
- управления (в кабине) — control lever
- управления (на агрегате) — operating /input/ lever
- управления выстрелом катапультного кресла — seat ejection /firing/handle /handgrip, trigger/
- управления двигателями (руд) (рис. 57) — throttle (control) lever
рукоятка рычага обозначается буквой "г". — the throttle lever knob is marked "т".
- управления двигателем (топливного регулятора) — throttle valve control lever
- управления наклоном спинки сиденья — seat back recline control lever
для освобождения замка спинки сиденья для обеспечения требуемого наклона спинки кресла по желанию сидящего. — used to release seat back recline lock for manual adjustment from upright to reсline position.
- (рукоятка) управления передним колесом — nose wheel steering tiller
не пользоваться рукояткой при буксировке самолета. — do not hold or turn tiller while towing airplane.
- управления реверсом тяги (рур) — thrust reverser (control) lever (rvsr), reverse thrust select lever
- управления уборкой/выпуском шасси — landing gear control lever /handle/
- управления шагом воздушного винта — propeller pitch lever
- управления фиксатором — lock control lever
-, управляемый летчиком — pilot-operated control lever
- цилиндра уборки/выпуска шасси (на амортизаторе) — landing gear actuating cylinder link /arm, lever/
- "шаг-газ" (вертолета) — collective pitch control lever
-, шарнирный — articulated lever
- экстренного растормаживания — emergency quick brake release lever
плечо р. — lever arm
ручка (шарик) р. — lever knob
брать р. на себя — pull the lever
ограничивать движение р. упором — restrict the lever travel by the stop
отдавать p. от себя — push the lever
перемещать р. — move the lever
снимать p. управления двигателем с упора полетного малого газа (при нажатой гашетке) — move the throttle level back below the flight idle stop (with the trip catch off)
ставить (устанавливать) р. в... положение — set /move/ the lever to... position
ставить p. управления двигателем на упор полетного малого газа — set the throttle level to the flight idle stop position

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > рычаг (рис. 57)
59 участок

part, portion, zone
- (зонирования ла) — zone

zone no. 310, area - fuselage aft of pressure bulkhead.
- ("коробочки", захода на посадку по прямоугольному маршруту) (рис. 117) — leg
- (поверхности) — area
- (траектории полета) — (flight path) segment
- взлетной дистанции, воздушный (вувд) (рис.113) — airborne part of takeoff distanee
- взлетной дистанции, наземный (нувд) (рис. 113) — groundborne part of takeoff distance
- воздушный (траектории взлета, посадки) — airborne part (of takeoff, landing path)
-, второй (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — second segment
от точки полной уборки шасси до высоты 400 фт (рис. 114). — from the landing gear retraction complete point to a height of 400 feet.
- горизонтального разгона — horizontal acceleration segment
- графика, ограниченный с 4-x сторон замкнутыми кривыми (рис. 144) — carpet plot the altitude and temperatures are drawn as a carpet plot.
-, деформированный (детали) — misshapen area
выправить (отрихтовать) деформированные участки (поверхности). — straighten all misshapen areas.
- записи (на магнитной ленте) — recorded item
- захода (на посадку) до первого разворота (рис. 117) — upwind leg
- захода (на посадку) между вторым и третьим разворотами — downwind leg that leg of the landing pattern during which an airplane files downwind.
- захода (на посадку) между первым и вторым разворотом — crosswind leg
- захода (на посадку) между третьим и четвертым разворотом — base leg
-, заштрихованный (графика) — cross-hatched zone
- земной поверхности, застроенный — cultured areas (on earth surface)
- земной поверхности, незастроенный — noncultured area
- изображения (фотоснимка) нерезкий — out-of-focus area
- конечного этапа захода на посадку (после четвертого разворота) — final approach
-, конечный (траектории начального набора высоты) — final takeoff segment
от точки на высоте выравнивания до высоты 1500 фт. и более, с убранными закрылками и работе двиг. на максимальном продолжительном режиме. — this segment extends from the level-off height to а gross height of 1500 feet or more, with flaps up and maximum continuous thrust.
- "коробочки" до первого разворота (рис. 117) — upwind leg
- "коробочки" после второго разворота — downwind leg
- "коробочки" после первого разворота — crosswind leg
- "коробочки" после третьего разворота — base leg
- "коробочки" после четвертого разворота — final approach
- крыла, по которому разрешено хождение — overwing walkway area
- маршрута — route segment /leg/
маршрут или участок маршрута, обычно пролетаемый без промежуточных посадок. — a route or portion of а route usually flown without an intermediate stop.
- маршрута (между двумя ппм - промежуточными пунктами маршрута) (рис. 124) — navigation leg (between two waypoints)
- маршрута (при полете по ппм) — navigation /flight/ leg
- маршрута, запрограммированный (в эвм) — stored navigation leg
- маршрута, навигационнообеспечиваемый — navigated route leg
-, маршрута, начальный — initial flight leg
обычно участок полета по ортодромии от заданного места до первого ппм. — it is а normally great circle route from present position to the first en-route waypoint.
- маршрута, новый (при полете по ппм) — new navigation leg
- маршрута, предыдущий — last navigation leg
- маршрута, следующий (при полете по ппм) — next navigation leg
- маршрута, текущий (при полете по ппм) — current navigation /route/ leg
- (зона планера, систем, двигатепей ла), могущий повлиять на безопасность эксппуатации ла. — problem area frequent maintenance visits allow early detection of problem areas in airframe, systems artd engines.
- (начального) набора высоты (1-й-4-й) (рис.114) — takeoff flight path segment (first-fourth)
- неба (небесной сферы) — sky region, portion of sky

a telescope examines a sky region.
-, первый (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — first segment
от точки на высоте 35 фт. до точки полной уборки шасси, начатой через 3 сек. после отрыва самолета при взлете. — from the 35 feet height point to the point at which the landing gear is fully retracted, retraction of the landing gear having been initiated 3 seconds after lift-off.
- поверхности — surface area
- поверхности ла, по которому разрешено хождение — walkway area
- посадочной дистанции, воздушный (рис. 116) — airborne part of landing distance
- посадочной дистанции, наземный — groundbcrne part of landing distance
-, последующий (траектории) — remaining segment
- предпосадочного маневра — intermediate approach pattern leg
-, предшествующий (траектории) — preceding segment
-, пятый (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — fifth segment
участок обычно заканчивается на высоте 1500 фт. но может быть продолжен до большей высоты при наличии препятствий. самолет находится в полетной конфигурации. — the segment normally ends at 1500 feet, but may be continued to а greater height should obstacle clearance make this necessary. the aircraft is in the en-route configuration.
-, рабочий (рабочее место в цехе, мастерской) — workplace (in shop)
- разгона — acceleration segment
полет на участке разгона производится без набора высоты. — in acceleration segment there is no gain in height.
- траектории (полета) — flight path segment
- траектории взлета, воздушный — airborne part of the takeoff path
наклон воздушного участка траектории взлета должен быть положительным в каждой точке. — the slope of the airborne part of the takeoff path must be positive at each point.
- траектории начального набора высоты — takeoff path segment
определения участков по нлгс-2, bcar и циркуляру икао не совпадают. определения участков (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) даются пo циркуляру икао. (рис. 112, 114). — the takeoff path segments must be clearly defined and must be related to the distinct changes in configuration, power or thrust and speed.
-, третий (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — third segment from thе point at а height of 400 feet to the point reached when the time elapsed from the start of takeoff is that given in the graph illustrating fime at start of acceleration segment.
- цепи (эл.) — circuit portion
-, четвертый (чистой траектории набора высоты) — fourth segment
от конца третьего участка до точки, достигаемой при собпюдении ниже указанных требований. пo истечении указанного времени (время в начале участка разгона) самолет разгоняется в горизонтальном полете при работе двиг. на макс. взлетном режиме. по достижении скорости начала уборки закрылков начинается уборка закрылков. разгон в горизонтальном полете продолжается до полной уборки закрылков и достижения скорости набора высоты с убранными закрылками (при одном неработающем двигателе), и в данной точке двигатели переводятся на макс. продолжительный режим. — from the end of the third segment to the point reached by following the procedure described hereafter. when the specified time (time at start of acceleration segment) has elapsed, the aeroplane is accelerated in levef flight using maximum take-off power. when speed has reached the flap retraction initiation speed flaps are selected to up. the acceleration in level flight is continued until the flaps are fully retracted and the speed has increased to the appropriate flaps up climb speed (one engine inoperative) at which point power is reduced to maximum continuous.
- чистой траектории начального набора высоты — net takeoff flight path segment
- шкалы, градуированный — graduated band of scale
- шкалы (прибора), окрашенный в зеленый цвет (индикация измеряемой величины в пределах нормы) — green band (of indicator scale) the tgt is stabilized in green band of the tgt indicator.
- шкалы (прибора), окрашенный в красный цвет (индикация измеряемой величины выше нормы) — red band (of indicator scale) at tgt overtemperature the tgt indicator pointer is in red band.
- шкалы, оцифрованный — scale band marked with figures
-, штилевой (поверхности моря) — smooth sea state area
в начале участка — at start of segment
в конце участка — at end of segment
на у. (траектории) — in segment
начало у. (траектории) — start of segment
изменять (переключать) у. — change leg /route, track/
маршрута (автоматически или вручную) — (automatically or manually)

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > участок
60 Torricelli, Evangelista

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 15 October 1608 Faenza, Italy

d. 25 October 1647 Florence, Italy

[br]

Italian physicist, inventor of the mercury barometer and discoverer of atmospheric pressure.

[br]

Torricelli was the eldest child of a textile artisan. Between 1625 and 1626 he attended the Jesuit school at Faenza, where he showed such outstanding aptitude in mathematics and philosophy that his uncle was persuaded to send him to Rome to a school run by Benedetto Castelli, a mathematician and engineer and a former pupil of Galileo Galilei. Between 1630 and 1641, Torricelli was possibly Secretary to Giovanni Ciampoli, Galileo's friend and protector. In 1641 Torricelli wrote a treatise, De motugravium, amplifying Galileo's doctrine on the motion of projectiles, and Galileo accepted him as a pupil. On Galileo's death in 1642, he was appointed as mathematician and philosopher to the court of Grand Duke Ferdinando II of Tuscany. He remained in Florence until his early death in 1647, possibly from typhoid fever. He wrote a great number of mathematical papers on conic sections, the cycloid, the logarithmic curve and other subjects, which made him well known.

By 1642 Torricelli was producing good lenses for telescopes; he subsequently improved them, and attained near optical perfection. He also constructed a simple microscope with a small glass sphere as a lens. Galileo had looked at problems of raising water with suction pumps, and also with a siphon in 1630. Torricelli brought up the subject again in 1640 and later produced his most important invention, the barometer. He used mercury to fill a glass tube that was sealed at one end and inverted it. He found that the height of mercury in the tube adjusted itself to a well-defined level of about 76 cm (30 in.), higher than the free surface outside. He realized that this must be due to the pressure of the air on the outside surface and predicted that it would fall with increasing altitude. He thus demonstrated the pressure of the atmosphere and the existence of a vacuum on top of the mercury, publishing his findings in 1644. He later noticed that changes in the height of the mercury were related to changes in the weather.

[br]

Bibliography

1641, De motu gravium.

Further Reading

T.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C.Black.

Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.

A Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 1976, Vol. XIII, New York: C.Scribner's Sons.

A.Stowers, 1961–2, "Thomas Newcomen's first steam engine 250 years ago and the initial development of steam power", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 34 (provides an account of his mercury barometer).

W.E.Knowles Middleton, 1964, The History of the Barometer, Baltimore.

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Torricelli, Evangelista

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Surface effect ship — A Surface Effect Ship (SES) or Sidewall Hovercraft, is a watercraft or vessel that has both an air cushion, like a hovercraft, and twin hulls, like a catamaran. When the air cushion is in use, a small portion of the twin hulls remain in the water … Wikipedia
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surface carburetor — Carburetor Car bu*ret or, Carburettor Car bu*ret tor, n. 1. (Chem.) An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to confer or increase illuminating power. [Written also… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Surface Web — The surface Web (also known as the visible Web or indexable Web) is that portion of the World Wide Web that is indexed by conventional search engines. The part of the Web that is not reachable this way is called the deep Web. Search engines… … Wikipedia
engine turning — noun Etymology: from gerund of engine turn 1. : a method of ornamentation of a surface (as of a watch) by means of a rose engine or lathe 2. : ornamentation in the form of a pattern of fine lines produced by engine turning … Useful english dictionary
engine turning — /ˈɛndʒən tɜnɪŋ/ (say enjuhn terning) noun the engraving of any symmetrical pattern on a metallic surface by machinery …

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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surface+engine

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

surface+engine

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