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21 κλᾰω
κλᾰ́ωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `break, break off'Other forms: ( ἐνι-κλᾶν, κατ-έκλων) Il., aor. κλάσ(σ)αι, pass. κλασθῆναι (Il.), athem. ptc. ἀπο-κλά̄ς (Anacr. 17; cf. below), fut. κλάσω, perf. pass. κέκλασμαι (IA.),Derivatives: κλάσις `breaking' (IA.), κλάσμα `broken piece' (Att.) with κλασμάτιον (Delos IIIa), ἀνα-κλασμός `bending back' (Heliod.), κλάστης ἀμπελουργός H., also ὀστο-κλάστης (Kyran.) a. o., κλαστήριον `knife for clipping the vine' (Delos IIa u. a.); sec. κλαστάζω `clip the vine', metaph. `chastize' (Ar. Eq. 166); on the formation Schwyzer 706. - On κλών, κλωνός m. `sprout' (Att.) with the diminutives κλωνίον, - ίδιον, - άριον, - ίσκος (Thphr., hell. inschr., Gp.), further κλωνίτης `with sprouts' (Hdn.), κλῶναξ = `κλάδος' (H.), κλωνίζω `clip' (Suid.) see on κλάδος; not from *κλα-ών (Schwyzer 521; s. also 487 n. 3). On κλῶμαξ, ἀπόκλωμα below. - With diff. ablaut κλῆμα `twig (of the vine), tendril of the vine', κλῆρος ( κλᾶρος) `lot', κλῶμαξ `heap of stones' (s. vv.), ἀπόκλωμα. ἀπολογία ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον H. - Quite doubtful Κλαζομεναί PlN (Anatolia), acc. to Fraenkel KZ 42, 256; 43, 216 "where the waves break" (free imagination).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The uniform verbale system, is based on κλᾰ(σ)-; it may be the result of simplification. Whether this started from a presens or an aorist cannot be decided because there are no non-Greek cognates; cf. the presentation in Schwyzer 676 a. 752 and in Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 354 (who considers the present κλάω as secondary against κλάσαι). In the isolated ἀπο-κλά̄ς an old athematic form (present or aorist? Schwyzer 676 a. 742) could have been preserved; but an analogical innovation (as after φθᾰ́σαι: φθάς?) cannot be excluded however. For the old passive κλασθῆναι one might think of κλαδ- (Schwyzer 761), but extension of an aorist-stems κλασ- combined with analogy is also possible (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404f.). An old s-present *κλά[σ]-ω from IE. *kl̥-s-ō (Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 3, 342, Schwyzer 706) has no support. - The primary verbs of the other languages are completely deviant: Lith. kalù, kálti `forge, hammer' = OCS koljǫ, klati, Russ. kolótь `sting, split, hew' (full grade IE. * kolH-; on the meaning WP. 1, 438 and Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.); Lith. kuliù, kùlti (zero grade, IE. kl̥H-); Lat. per-cellō `smash' (basis uncertain). Further forms Pok. 545ff., W.-Hofmann s. clādēs. S. also κλαδαρός, κλάδος, κόλος etc. So no IE etym. It cannot comes from IE *klas- as this form cannot be made from IE. So prob. the word is of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 1,866-867Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλᾰω
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22 κύτος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `rounding, vault of a shield, a cuirass, a vessel etc., vessel, trunk, body' (trag., com., Pl. Ti. a. Lg., Arist., Plb.);.Derivatives: ἐγ-κυτί(ς) `to the skin' (s. v.)Etymology: Uncertain κυτίς `cupboard, box' (sch. Ar. Pax 665); for κοιτίς? Of old connected with σκῦτος, Lat. cutis `skin', Germ., e.g. OHG hūt ' Haut' etc. The word was split (e.g. by Curtius) in two: 1. `skin', 2. `hollow' (to κυέω etc.) [which would have a long ῡ]. For one source Walde LEW2 s. cunnus with a meaning `cover, conceal' = `conceal something, vault (around)(?)' (accepted by Bq); rejected by WP. 2, 546. A meaning `cover, skin' can hardly be demonstrated for κύτος and is also not necessary for ἐγ-κυτί (s. above). Connection with the group of κυέω however cannot without difficulty be assumed, as per Frisk; for the short vowel (against κῦ-μα etc.) he refers to Lat. cŭ-mŭlus [but does this belong here?] and W.-Hofmann s. v.; (formation like ἔν-τος?). - Unclear. I see no connection with κυέω. The variation long: short is dificult.Page in Frisk: 2,57Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύτος
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23 σφάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to slaughter (by cutting the throat), to kill, to sacrifice' (Il.).Other forms: - άττω (young-Att., anal. [Schwyzer 715]), - άδδω (Boeot.), aor. σφάξαι (Il.), pass. σφαγῆναι (IA. etc.), - χθῆναι (Pi., Hdt., E. in lyr. a.o.), fut. σφάξω (E. a.o.), pass. - γήσομαι (Att.), perf. midd. ἔσφαγμαι (Od.), act. ἔσφακα (late).Derivatives: 1. σφαγ-ή ( δια-, κατα-) f. `slaughter, killing; throat' (trag., Att. prose etc.) with - ῖτις ( φλέψ) `belonging to the throat (to the slaughter?)' (medic., Arist.; Redard 102), - εύς m. `slaughterer, sacrificial knife' (S., E., decrees ap. And., D. a.o.; Bosshardt 41). 2. - ιος `belonging to the slaughter, killing' (Hp., S. in lyr. a.o.); - ιον ( προ-), -mostly pl. - ια n. `victim, oblation, esp. before a battle' (IA.; Eitrem Symb. Oslo. 18,9ff.) with - ιάζομαι, - ιάζω `to slaughter, to sacrifice' (IA.), - ιασμός m. (E. in lyr., Plu. a.o.). 3. - ίς f. `slaughter-knife, sacrificial knife' (E. a.o.; also referring to σφαγή, Chantraine Form. 338) with - ίδιον (Suid.); but ἐπι-σφαγ-ίς `nape of the neck, where the axe strikes' and παρα-σφαγ-ίς `part next to the throat' (Poll.) Hypostases of σφαγή. 4. - εῖον n. `slaughtering-bowl, sacrificial bowl' (A., E., Ar., inscr.; from σφαγ-ή or - εύς?, cf. ἱερεῖον; on - ιον, - εῖον Schwyzer 470). 5. - ιστήριον = - εῖον (sch.). 6. σφάγμα n. `the killing' (sch.), futher only to the prefixed verbs, e.g. πρόσφαγ-μα (A., E. a.o.). 7. σφάκ-της m. `murderer' (late), in compp., e.g. καλαμο- σφάζω `one who kills with a pin' (Ph.), with - τικη μάχαιρα (Zonar.) 8. - τήρ m. `id.', only δια- σφάζω, χιμαρο- σφάζω (AP), - τρια f. `sacrificial priestess' (Ael.). 9. - τρον n. `sacrificial tax' (Palmyra IIp, Poll.). 10. - σφάξ, e.g. δια-σφάξ, - άγος f. `rip, split, chasm' (Hdt. a.o.). 11. - σφαγ-ία f., e.g. βοο- σφάζω `the killing of oxen' ( APl.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The above regular system can be without difficulty be understood as a Greek creation from a primary verb σφάζω, σφάξαι or a noun σφαγ-. -- No agreement outside Greek. Untenable hypotheses are mentioned by Bq and WP. 2, 653 (after Prellwitz and Persson), also in Hofmann Et. Wb. (to Arm. spananem `kill'). Cf. φάσγανον. -- Furnée 300 connects φάσγανον as φασγ-\/ σφαγ-; hard to consider as certain.Page in Frisk: 2,825-826Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφάζω
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