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1 σημαία
σημαία, ἡ, 1) die Fahne, als Feld- od. Kriegszeichen, signum militare, Pol. 2, 32, 6 u. öfter; Plut. Fab. 12; D. Hal. 8, 65 u. sonst; auch die unter einer Fahne Streitenden, sonst σπεῖρα, Fähnlein, Banner, Pol. 6, 24, 5 u. sonst. – Beim Schol. Ar. Ran. 963 mit ἀσπίς verbunden. – 2) Bild, Bildsäule, wie signum, Ios.
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2 σημαία
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3 σίγνα
σίγνονsignum: neut nom /voc /acc pl -
4 σίγνοις
σίγνονsignum: neut dat pl -
5 σίγνον
σίγνονsignum: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
6 σίγνου
σίγνονsignum: neut gen sg -
7 σίγνω
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8 σίγνῳ
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9 σίγνων
σίγνονsignum: neut gen pl -
10 σίγνον
σίγνον, τό,= Lat.A signum, statue, IG14.971 (Rome, iii A.D.).II pl., the place where the standards were set up in a camp, used as a store, prison, etc., PLond.2.413.12 (iv A.D.), PLond.ined.2487.18 (iv A.D.). -
11 στίγμα
A tattoo-mark, Hdt.5.35, Arist.HA 585b33, GA 721b32, IG42(1).121.48, al. (Epid., iv B.C.), Polyaen.1.24; σ. ἱρά, showing that the persons so marked were devoted to the service of the temple, Hdt. 2.113; esp. of a slave, Pl.Com.187, Ps.-Phoc.225, Cod.Theod.10. 22.4; or a soldier, ibid., Aët.8.12;στίγματα ἐξαίρει βατράχειον καταπλασθέν Dsc.Eup. 1.110
: so metaph.,σ. Ἰησοῦ Ep.Gal.6.17
(pl.); ἀνωφελῆ ς., of inscribed laws, D.Chr.80.5.2 generally, mark, spot, as on the dragon's skin, Hes.Sc. 166, cf. Paus.8.2.7, 8.4.7.4 σ. χρυσοῦν colour of gold, Ps.Democr. ap.Zos.Alch.p.119 B., cf.p.126 B.5= cicatricis signum, Gloss. -
12 σύμβολον
σύμβολον, τό,A tally, i.e. each of two halves or corresponding pieces of an ἀστράγαλος or other object, which two ξένοι, or any two contracting parties, broke between them, each party keeping one piece, in order to have proof of the identity of the presenter of the other,ἀποδεικνύντες τὰ σ. ἀπαίτεον τὰ χρήματα Hdt.6.86
.β; ξένοις τε πέμψω σύμβολ', οἳ δράσουσί σ' εὖ E.Med. 613
(cf. Sch.); διαπεπρισμένα ἡμίσε' ἀκριβῶς ὡσπερεὶ τὰ ς. Eub.70; ὡς σ. ὀρέγεται ἀλλήλων [τὰ ἐναντία] Arist.EE 1239b31; ζητεῖ.. τὸ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστος ς. Pl.Smp. 191d;καθάπερ ἐκ συμβόλων Arist.Mete. 360a26
, cf. GA 722b11, Pol. 1294a35; ἔχειν σύμβολα πρὸς ἄλληλα complementary factors, Id.GC 331a24; ποιησάσθω σύμβολα ἡ βουλὴ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Σιδωνίων, ὅπως ἂν ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων εἰδῇ, ἐάν τι πέμπῃ κτλ. IG22.141.19.b of other devices having the same purpose, e.g. a seal-impression on wax, Plaut. Pseud. 55 (hence ς. = signet-ring, Plin.HN33.10); an extant bronze hand is inscribedσ. πρὸς Οὐελαυνίους IG14.2432
([place name] Gaul), cf. 279 (Lilybaeum, ii B.C., where the word does not occur).2 any token serving as proof of identity,ἔλαβε σ. παρὰ βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου φιάλην χρυσῆν Lys.19.25
; πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν.. εὐπορήσειν διὰ τὸ ς. ibid.; ὡς ἔγνω.. τὰ παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ς. X.Cyr.6.1.46; τὰ μητρὸς ς. E. Ion 1386, cf. Hel. 291, El. 577, Com.Adesp.17.16 D., D.S.4.59, Plu.Thes.6; ἰδοὺ τὰ ς. here are my credentials, Arr.Epict.1.16.11, cf. 3.22.99, 4.8.20; ἔχοντες σ. σαφὲς λύπης bearing clear credentials (consisting) of (a common) grief, S.Ph. 403, cf. Aristid.1.416 J.3 guarantee,σ. τῆς παιδεύσεως πιστότατον Isoc.4.49
;σ. ὅτι παρ' ἐμοῦ [ἡ ἐπιστολή] ἐστι Pl.Ep. 360a
, cf. 363b;σ. τῆς σωτηρίας D.15.4
;σ. τοῦ συμφέροντος εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν ἀλλήλους Epicur.Sent.31
.4 token, esp. of goodwill,χρυσίον σ. φιλίας καὶ ξενίας Plu.Pyrrh.20
, cf. Art.18;χρυσοῦν στέφανον ἔλαβον σ. περιέχοντα τῆς ὑμετέρας πρός με εὐσεβείας PLond.3.1178.13
(ii A.D.).5 identity- token given to Athenian dicasts on entering the courts, entitling them to vote, and on presenting which they received another ς., in exchange for which they received their fee, Ar.Pl. 278, D.18.210, Arist.Ath.65.2, 68.2, Poll.8.16; also in the ecclesia, Ar.Ec. 297 (lyr.); διάδοσις τῶν ς. IG2.1749.76: extant theatre-tokens (without the word ς.) in IG5(2).323 (Mantinea, iv B.C.).6 at Rome, = tessera, token entitling the bearer to a donation of corn or money, D.C.49.43.II of written documents,1 passport or the seal thereon, Ar.Av. 1214 (cf. Sch.); ἐκπλεῖν μηδένα ἀστῶν μηδὲ μέτοικον ἄνευ ς. Aen.Tact.10.8: metaph., Arr.Epict.3.12.15.2 passenger-list, ἐμοῦ [τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ] τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀπαριθμοῦντος τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ.. πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ ς. Luc.Cat.4.3 pl., treaty between two states providing for the security of one another's citizens and sts. for the settlement of commercial and other disputes (usu. in the law-courts of the defendant's city (cf. Harp. s.v.));εἰσὶ.. αὐτοῖς συνθῆκαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγωγίμων καὶ σ. περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀδικεῖν Arist.Pol. 1280a39
;σ. ποιήσασθαι πρὸς πόλιν D.7.11
, cf. And.4.18;τὰ σ. συγχέων D.21.173
; ἀπὸ συμβόλων δικάζεσθαι, κοινωνεῖν, Antipho 5.78, Arist.Pol. 1275a10;αἱ ἀπὸ συμβόλων δίκαι Id.Ath.59.6
; cf. : sg. in same sense, Foed. Delph.Pell.1 A 7 (also written συββ- ib. 1 B 10, al.);ἡ κατὰ τὸ σ. δικαιοδοσία πρός τινα Plb.23.1.2
, cf. 32.7.3; κατὰ τὸ ς. IG12(7).67.48 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), 9(1).331.5 (Chaleion, ii B.C.); κατὰ τὸ δοχθὲν κοινᾷ ς. GDI5040.70 ([place name] Crete).4 contract between individuals, PCair.Zen.724.7,13, 790.2 (iii B.C.), PTeb.5.212 (ii B.C.), 52.10 (ii B.C.); αἰσχρὰ κακοῖς ἔργοις σ. θηκάμενοι forming disgraceful compacts (sealed) by evil deeds, Thgn.1150;τὰ τῷ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα κυροῦν συμβόλῳ App.BC2.132
.5 receipt, sts. made out in duplicate,σ. διπλᾶ ἐσφραγισμένα PSI4.324.4
(iii B.C.), cf. PRev.Laws52.19 (iii B.C.), UPZ25.25, 26.16 (ii B.C.);τὸ σ. τῆς ἀποχῆς PCair.Zen. 144.2
(iii B.C.);σ. ἀποχῆς PEnteux.73.4
(iii B.C.); (iii B.C.), cf. PHib.1.67.16 (iii B.C.);σ. καὶ ἀντισύμβολα BGU1741.10
(i B.C.); receipt for a pledged article, PCair. Zen.120.3 (iii B.C.).6 unilateral undertaking in writing, guarantee, PPetr.3p.164 (iii B.C.), PMich.Zen.57.4 (iii B.C.), UPZ 112 ii 1 (ii B.C.).7 warrant entitling the holder to draw allowances over a period,τοῦ κθ ἔτους τὸ σ. τοῦ ὀψωνίου καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σύνταξον γράψαι PSI5.504.8
(iii B.C.); σ. σιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικά (bequeathed) PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.); σφράγισαι τὸ ς. PCair.Zen.375.11 (iii B.C.), cf. PSI4.349.2,7 (iii B.C.), UPZ14.89 (ii B.C.);τὰ σ. τῶν σιταρχιῶν BGU1755.5
(i B.C.).8 warrant or commission from the Emperor, by which officers held their posts, Cod.Just.1.5.12.1, 11; σ. τριβούνου ib.12.33.8 Intr.III more generally, token, φυλάσσω λαμπάδος τὸ ς. the beacon- token, A.Ag.8; τέκμαρ τοιοῦτο σ. τέ σοι λέγω ib. 315; μανθάνω τὸ ς. E.Or. 1130, cf.Rh. 220; clue, S.OT 221; χειμῶνος ς. a sign of an approaching storm, Anaxag. 19, Sch.Arat.832;νόμισμα σ. τῆς ἀλλαγῆς ἕνεκα γενήσεται Pl.R. 371b
;ἔστι τὰ ἐν τῇ φωνῇ τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ παθημάτων σ., καὶ τὰ γραφόμενα τῶν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ Arist.Int. 16a4
, cf. 24b2, Sens. 437a15; τὰ τεχνητὰ τῶν ς. Plu.Per.6; νίκης σ. Ἰσθμιάδος, of the celery-wreath, Call.Fr. 103; τὰ τῶν στρατοπέδων ς. legionary standards, Hdn.4.7.7; insignia of deities, D.H.8.38;τῆς βασιλείας Plu.
Comp.Cim. Luc.3; εἰράνας σ. καὶ πολέμον, of a trumpet, AP6.151 (Tymn.).2 omen, portent, Archil.44, A.Ag. 144 (lyr.);σ. δ' οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθονίων πιστὸν ἀμφὶ πράξιος ἐσσομένας εὗρεν θεόθεν Pi.O.12.7
(cf. Sch.); οἱ διὰ συμβόλων.. προλέγοντες distd. from other kinds of μάντεις, Gal. 15.442;περὶ οἰωνῶν καὶ σ. καὶ διοσημιῶν Iamb.VP13.62
;= auspicium, Gloss.; ἐν τοῖς λικμητηρίοις γεννώμενα τὰ βρέφη ἐτίθεσαν εἰς σ. εὐτροφίας Sch.Arat.268.3 Medic., symptom, Gal.19.217, Aret.CD1.4, al.5 secret code,τὰ μυστικὰ σ. τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοις οἱ κοινωνοῦντες Plu.2.611d
, cf. Orph.Fr.31.23; consisting of a signum and a responsum, Firm. De Errore 18; τὰ σ. [Πυθαγόρου] Arist.Fr. 197, Plu.2.727c; περὶ Πυθαγορικῶν ς., title of a work by Androcydes, Iamb.VP28.145; secret sign, γράψαι τι σ. ἐν πίνακι,.. μαθεῖν τὸν θέντα τὸ ς. ib.33.238, cf. 23.103, 32.227, Luc.Laps.5; allegory, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.256, 257, Demetr. Eloc. 243;διὰ συμβόλων μηνύειν Ph.2.559
, cf. 1.681, al., Dam.Pr. 210.IV pl., standard weights, IG22.1013.8.V a small coin, perh. a half-obol, shaped D, Hermipp.61, Ar.Fr.44, Archipp. 8: hence σύμβολον κεκαρμένος with half the head shaved, Hermipp.14.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σύμβολον
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13 σταυρός
σταυρός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom. et al. in the sense ‘upright, pointed stake’ or ‘pale’; s. Iren. 1, 2, 4 cj. [Harv. I, 18, 4]; as name of an aeon Hippol., Ref. 6, 31, 6)① a pole to be placed in the ground and used for capital punishment, cross (Diod S 2, 18, 1; Plut. et al.; Epict. 2, 2, 20; Diog. L. 6, 45; ApcEsdr 7:1 p. 32, 8 Tdf.; AscIs 3:18; Philo, In Flacc. 84; Jos., Ant. 11, 261; 266f.; Just.; s. also CSchneider, TW III 414, 4 and JCollins, The Archeology of the Crucifixion, CBQ 1, ’39, 154–59; JBlinzler, Der Prozess Jesu3, ’60, 278–81; EDinkler, Signum Crucis ’67; JFitzmyer, CBQ 40, ’78, 493–513), a stake sunk into the earth in an upright position; a cross-piece was oft. attached to its upper part (Artem. 2, 53), so that it was shaped like a T or thus: †—MHengel, Crucifixion ’77. Lit., w. other means of execution (Diogenes, Ep. 28, 3) IRo 5:3; Hv 3, 2, 1. Used in the case of Jesus Mt 27:40, 42; Mk 15:30, 32; J 19:25, 31; Phil 2:8 (Just., D. 134, 5); GPt 4:11; 10:39, 42. ὑπομένειν σταυρόν submit to the cross Hb 12:2. The condemned carried their crosses to the place of execution (Plut., Mor. 554a ἕκαστος κακούργων ἐκφέρει τὸν αὐτοῦ σταυρόν; Chariton 4, 2, 7 ἕκαστος τ. σταυρὸν ἔφερε; Artem. 2, 56.—Pauly-W. IV 1731) J 19:17; in the synoptics Simon of Cyrene was made to carry the cross for Jesus (Σίμων 4) Mt 27:32; Mk 15:21; Lk 23:26. An inscription on the cross indicated the reason for the execution J 19:19 (s. τίτλος).—WMichaelis, Zeichen, Siegel, Kreuz, TZ 12, ’56, 505–25. B seeks to show in several passages that acc. to the scriptures it was necessary for the Messiah to die on the cross: 8:1 (the ξύλον that plays a part in connection w. the red heifer, Num 19:6, is ὁ τύπος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ); 9:8 (in the case of the 318 servants of Abraham Gen 14:14 the number 300 [=Τ ´] points to the cross; cp. Lucian, Jud. Voc. 12: the letter tau has the form of the σταυρός); 11:1, 8a (the ξύλον of Ps 1:3); 12:1 (scripture quot. of uncertain origin), 2.② the cross, with focus on the fate of Jesus Christ, the cross. The cross of Christ is one of the most important elements in Christian cult and proclamation: w. death and resurrection IPhld 8:2 and other details of his life PtK 4 p. 15, 33. For Judeans a σκάνδαλον Gal 5:11 (cp. Dt 21:23); cp. IEph 18:1. Hence an occasion for persecution Gal 6:12 (τῷ σταυρῷ because of the cross; dat. of cause, s. ἀπιστία 1). But it was for Paul his only reason for boasting vs. 14. ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ the message of the cross 1 Cor 1:18, w. its mysterious, paradoxical character, is necessarily foolishness to unbelievers. For this reason any attempt to present this message in the form of worldly wisdom would rob the σταυρὸς τοῦ Χριστοῦ of its true content vs. 17. τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ σταυροῦ is the testimony rendered by the Passion to the fact of Christ’s bodily existence Pol 7:1 (cp. Just., D. 40, 3 πάθος τοῦ σταυροῦ).—Christ’s death on the cross brings salvation Eph 2:16; Col 2:14. εἰρηνοποιεῖν διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ make peace through the shedding of his blood on the cross 1:20 (s. W-S. §30, 12c; Rob. 226). Hence we may ἐπὶ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐλπίζειν B 11:8b. Paul knows of baptized Christians whom he feels constrained to call ἐχθροὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ because of their manner of life Phil 3:18. On the other hand Ign. speaks of blameless Christians ὥσπερ καθηλωμένους ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χρ. σαρκί τε καὶ πνεύματι as if nailed to the cross of the Lord Jesus Christ both in the flesh and in the spirit ISm 1:1 (cp. MartAndr Prius 1, 14 [Aa II/1, 54–55]). In the imagery of Ign. the cross is called ἡ μηχανὴ Ἰησοῦ Χρ. IEph 9:1 (s. HSchlier, Relgesch. Untersuchungen zu d. Ign.-briefen 1929, 110–24), and the orthodox believers are the κλάδοι τοῦ σταυροῦ branches of the cross ITr 11:2. Such passages provide a link with the transf. sense③ the suffering/death which believers endure in following the crucified Lord, cross λαμβάνειν τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ Mt 10:38. ἆραι τὸν στ. αὐτοῦ 16:24; Mk 8:34; 10:21 t.r.; Lk 9:23. βαστάζειν τὸν στ. ἑαυτοῦ 14:27 (s. on these parallel passages AFridrichsen, Festskrift for Lyder Brun 1922, 17–34.—EDinkler, Jesu Wort v. Kreuztragen: Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 110–29).—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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