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setting+forth

Толкование Перевод

61 вирушання

с

starting, departure, departing, setting off (out, forth)

Українсько-англійський словник > вирушання
62 उत्सर्ग

ut-sargá
m. pouring out, pouring forth, emission, dejection, excretion, voiding by stool etc. R. Mn. Megh. Suṡr. etc.;

Excretion (personified as a son of Mitra andﾠ Revatī) BhP. VI, 18, 5 ;
laying aside, throwing orﾠ casting away Gaut. Kum. ;
loosening, setting free, delivering (N. of the verses VS. XIII, 47-51) ṠBr. KātyṠr. PārGṛ. MBh. etc.;
abandoning, resigning, quitting, retiring from, leaving off;
suspending;
end, close KātyṠr. ĀṡvṠr. and Gṛ. MBh. Mn. etc.. ;
handing over, delivering;
granting, gift, donation MBh. ;
oblation, libation;
presentation (of anything promised to a god orﾠ Brāhman with suitable ceremonies);
a particular ceremony on suspending repetition of the Veda Mn. IV, 97; 119 Yājñ. etc.. ;
causation, causing Jaim. III, 7, 19 ;
(in Gr.) any general rule orﾠ precept (opposed to apa-vāda, q.v.) Kum. Kāṡ. Siddh. etc..

Sanskrit-English dictionary > उत्सर्ग
63 निर्गम

nir-gama
m. going forth, setting out, departure Var. R. etc.;

escaping from (abl.) Vedântas. ;
disappearing, vanishing, cessation, end MBh. Kāv. Suṡr. etc.;
exit, issue, outlet R. Pañc. ;
a door L. ;
export-place (of goods) Mn. VIII, 401 (opp. ā-gama)

Sanskrit-English dictionary > निर्गम
64 निर्याण

nir-yāṇa
n. going forth orﾠ out, exit, issue;

setting out, decamping (of an army), going out (of cattle to the pasture ground) MBh. Kāv. etc.;
departure, vanishing, disappearance Rājat. Sāh. ;
departure from life, death MBh. Hariv. Var. ;
final emancipation (w.r. for nir-vāṇa ?) L. ;
a road leading out of a town L. ;
the outer corner of an elephant's eye Daṡ. Ṡiṡ. (cf. nir-ṇāyana);
a rope for tying cattle, a foot-rope;
- hasta mfn. having a foot-rope in the hand Ṡiṡ. XII, 41.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > निर्याण
65 प्रपात

pra-pāta
m. a partic. mode of flying Pañcat. ;

springing forth Var. ;
an attack L. ;
starting off, setting out, departure Kathās. ;
falling down, falling from (abl. orﾠ comp.) orﾠ into (loc. orﾠ comp.) MBh. Kāv. etc.;
falling out (of teeth, hair etc.) Suṡr. ;
discharge, emission, flow (of semen) VP. ;
letting fall (a glance on anything) Kum. ;
a steep rock, cliff, precipice MBh. Hariv. etc.;
a steep bank orﾠ shore L. ;
a cascade, waterfall L. ;
-tâ̱bhimukha mf (ī)n. inclined to precipitate one's self from a rock Kathās. ;
-tâ̱mbu n. waterfalling from a rock Rājat. ;
etc. seeﾠ pra-pat

Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रपात
66 प्रसव

pra-savá
1) m. the pressing out (Soma juice) RV. ṠrS. ;

prá-sava
2) m. setting orﾠ being set in motion, impulse, course, rush, flight RV. AitBr. ;

stimulation, furtherance, aid RV. AV. Br. etc.;
pursuit, acquisition VS. ;
= next TBr. ;
3) m. (ifc. f. ā) begetting, procreation, generation, conception, parturition, delivery, birth, origin VS. etc. etc.;
augmentation, increase MBh. ;
birthplace ib. Ṡaṃk. ;
offspring, posterity Mn. MBh. etc. ( kisalaya-pr-, « a young shoot» Ragh.);
a flower MBh. Kāv. Suṡr. ( alsoﾠ n. R.);
fruit L. ;
- karmakṛit m. one who performs the act of begetting, begetter MBh. ;
- kāla m. the time of delivery orﾠ bringing forth Var. ;
- gṛiha n. a lying-in chamber MW. ;
- dharmin mfn. characterized by production, productive, prolific ib. ;
- bandhana n. the footstalk of a leaf orﾠ flower L. ;
- māsa m. the last month of pregnancy MW. ;
- vikāra m. a prodigy happening at the birth of a child Var. ;
- vedanā f. the pangs of childbirth, throes of labour Pañcat. ;
- samaya m. = - kāla Var. ;
- sthali f. « birthplace», a mother Mahān. ;
- sthāna n. a receptacle for young. a nest MW. ;
- vôtthāna n. N. of the 17th Pariṡ. of the Yajur-veda;
- vônmukha mf (ī)n. expecting child. birth, about to be delivered Ragh.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रसव
67 विनिर्याण

vi-niryāṇa
n. the act of going forth, setting out R.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > विनिर्याण
68 विसर्जन

vi-sarjana
m. pl. N. of a family BhP. ;

(ī) f. « evacuating»
N. of one of the 3 folds of skin at the anus Suṡr. ;
( vi-sárjana) n. cessation, end RV. ṠrS. Hariv. ;
relaxation (of the voice) VS. ṠBr. ;
evacuation RV. ;
abandoning, deserting, giving up MBh. Ragh. ;
discharge, emission Mn. Ragh. ;
sending forth, dismissal Yājñ. MBh. etc.;
driving out (cows to pasture) Vās. Introd. ;
throwing (the image of a deity into holy water, as the concluding rite of a festival) Cat. ;
setting (a bull) at liberty (on partic. occasions) MW. ;
giving, bestowing Kāv. ;
hurting, casting, shooting R. ;
creating RV. ;
product, creation BhP. ;
answering a question L.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > विसर्जन
69 व्यसन

vy-asana
n. moving to andﾠ fro, wagging (of a tail) Pāṇ. 3-1, 20, Vartt. 3 ;

throwing (effort) into, assiduity, industry Bhartṛ. Subh. ;
separation, individuality W. ;
attachment orﾠ devotion orﾠ addiction to (loc. orﾠ comp.), passion, (esp.) evil passion, sin, crime, vice (said to arise either from love of pleasure orﾠ from anger;
eight are enumerated under the first head, vix. mṛigayā, dyūta orﾠ aksha, divā-svapna, parivāda, striyaḥ, mada, taurya-trika, vṛithâ̱tyā;
andﾠ eight under the second, viz. paiṡunya, sāhasa, droha, irshyā, asūyā artha-dūshaṇa vākpārushya, daṇḍa-pārushya, qq.vv.) Mn. VII, 47, 48 MBh. etc.. ;
favourite pursuit orﾠ occupation, hobby MBh. Pañcat. Rājat. ;
evil predicament orﾠ plight, disaster, accident, evil result, calamity, misfortune ( vyasanāni pl. misfortunes), ill-luck, distress, destruction, defeat, fall, ruin Mn. MBh. etc.;
setting (of sun orﾠ moon) Mṛicch. Ṡak. ;
fruitless effort L. ;
punishment, execution (of criminals) MW. ;
incompetence, inability W. ;
air, wind ib. ;
tale-bearing L. ;
- kāla m. time of need Subh. ;
prasārita-kara mfn. having the hand stretched forth for (inflicting) calamity Hit. ;
- prahārin mfn. inflicting calamity, giving trouble orﾠ pain W. ;
-prâ̱pti f. occurrence of calamity Sāh. ;
- brahmacārin m. a companion of adversity, fellow-sufferer Mudr. ;
-mahâ̱rṇava m. a sea of troubles Mṛicch. ;
- rakshin mfn. preserving from calamity R. Kathās. ;
- vat mfn. one who has had ill-luck with (comp.) Kām. ;
- vāgurā f. the net orﾠ snare of adversity R. ;
- saṉstkita mfn. one who indulges in any whim orﾠ favourite fancy Pañcat. ;
-nâ̱krānta-tva n. distressful condition, grievous distress MW. ;
-nâ̱gama m. approach of calamity Ṡukas. ;
-nâ̱tibhāra mfn. weighed down orﾠ overburdened with misfortunes MW. ;
-nâ̱tyaya m. the passing away of calamity orﾠ distress BhP. ;
-nâ̱nantaram ind. immediately after misfortune Kāv. ;
-nâ̱pāta m. (= -nâ̱gama) Rājat. ;
-nâ̱vāpa m. receptacle orﾠ abode of calamity BhP. ;
-nâ̱nvita orﾠ -nâ̱pluta mfn. involved in orﾠ overwhelmed with calamity MW. ;
-nâ̱rta mfn. afflicted by calamity, suffering pain L. ;
- nôtsava m. a feast for the (evil) passions, an orgy etc. VarBṛS. ;
- nôdaya m. the rising orﾠ approaching of misfortune Pañcat. ;
mfn. followed by orﾠ resulting in calamities MBh.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > व्यसन
70 Aufstellung

Auf·stel·lung <-> f kein pl

1) ( Errichtung) erection no pl, raising no pl; ( von Maschine) installation no pl

2) ( Erhebung) putting forward no pl [or ( form) forth];

3) ( Ausarbeitung) drawing up no pl; von Software writing no pl; von Theorie elaboration no pl (a. form)

4) ( Erstellung) making [out] no pl, drawing up no pl; von Rechnung making out [or up]; no pl; von Tabelle compiling no pl, making up no pl

5) ( Nominierung) nomination no pl, nominating no pl

6) ( Postierung) posting, stationing;

\Aufstellung nehmen to take up position

7) ( Formierung) von Mannschaft drawing up no pl; von Truppen raising no pl, mustering no pl

8) sport ( Auswahl) team, line-up

9) ( Erzielung) setting no pl

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Aufstellung
71 temper

1. To slowly bring up the temperature of a colder ingredient by adding small amounts of a hot or boiling liquid, or even applying heat carefully Adding the heat or hot liquid gradually prevents the cool ingredient, such as eggs, from cooking or setting. The tempered mixture can then be added back to a hotter liquid for further continued cooking. This process is used most in making pastry cream and the like.

2. To bring chocolate to a state in which it has snap, shine and no streaks ( feathers). Commercially available chocolate is already tempered but this condition changes when it is melted. Tempering is often done when the chocolate will be used for candy making or decorations. Chocolate must be tempered because it contains cocoa butter, a saturated fat which has the ability to form crystals, chocolate is melted and cooled. Dull grey streaks form and are called bloom or feathers. The classic tempering method is to melt chocolate until it is totally without lumps (semisweet chocolate melts at a temperature of 104 degrees F.) One third of the chocolate is then poured onto a marble slab then spread and worked back and forth with a metal spatula until it becomes thick and reaches a temperature of about 80°F. The thickened chocolate is then added back to the remaining 2/3 melted chocolate and stirred. The process is repeated until the entire mixture reaches 88-92 degrees for semisweet chocolate, 84-87 degrees for milk or white chocolate.

Italiano-Inglese Cucina internazionale > temper
72 exitus

1.
exĭtus, a, um, Part., from exeo, II.
2.
exĭtus, ūs, m. [exeo], a going out or forth, egress, departure (class., esp. in the trop. signif.).
I.
Lit.:
reditum mihi gloriosum injuria tua dedit, non exitum calamitosum,
Cic. Par. 4, 29:
omni exitu et pabulatione interclusi,
Caes. B. G. 7, 44 fin.:
exitum sibi parere,
id. B. C. 3, 69, 3.—In plur.:
singulorum hominum occultos exitus asservare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 4; 1, 25, 4. —Of things:
introitusque elementis redditus exstat,
Lucr. 6, 494:
exitus ut classi felix faustusque daretur,
a setting sail, departure, id. 1, 100:
amnis,
a flowing out, discharge, id. 6, 727: animaï (i. e. venti), a bursting or rushing out, id. 6, 586; cf. Quint. 1, 11, 7.—
B.
Transf., concr., way of egress, outlet, passage:
exitum non habent, ac pervium non est,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 Müll.:
cum angusto portarum exitu se ipsi premerent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 3:
in exitu paludis,
mouth, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 226:
cibi,
vent, id. 11, 34, 40, § 116 et saep.:
si de multis nullus placet exitus,
Juv. 6, 33.—In plur.:
insula undique exitus maritimos habet,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:
septem exitus e domo fecerat,
Liv. 39, 51, 5; Col. 6, 30, 8:
alvorum,
Plin. 21, 14, 48, § 82 et saep.
II.
Trop.
A.
A way out, an end, close, conclusion, termination (syn.: eventus, eventum).
1.
In gen.:
hujus orationis difficilius est exitum quam principium invenire,
end, close, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 3; cf.: quemadmodum expediam exitum hujus institutae orationis, non reperio, id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
exitus fuit orationis,
Caes. B. G. 4, 8, 1:
ut tragici poëtae, cum explicare argumenti exitum non potestis, confugitis ad deum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:
adducta ad exitum quaestio est,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; cf.:
ad exitum pervenire,
id. Fam. 10, 22, 2; id. Or. 33, 116:
ita magnarum initia rerum celerem et facilem exitum habuerunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:
verba quae casus habent in exitu similes,
at the end, Cic. Or. 49, 164; cf.
in the foll.: fugam quaerebamus omnes, quae ipsa exitum non habebat,
end, aim, id. Phil. 5, 16, 42:
hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,
Hor. C. 3, 6, 6 et saep.:
in exitu est meus consulatus,
Cic. Mur. 37, 80; cf.: in exitu jam annus erat Liv. 35, 10, 1:
superioris anni,
id. 30, 26, 2:
veris,
Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 170:
oppugnationis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 8:
mimi, fabulae,
the catastrophe, conclusion, Cic. Cael. 27, 65:
vitae,
end of life, latter end, Nep. Eum. 13; cf.:
vitae mortisque,
Vell. 2, 7, 1.—In plur.:
tristes exitus habuit consulatus,
Cic. Brut. 34, 128: eae causae sunt plenissimae, quae plurimos exitus dant ad ejusmodi degressionem, outlets, i. e. opportunities, id. de Or. 2, 77, 312: habent exitus aut in a aut in e, etc., Varr. L. L. 10, § 62 Müll.—
2.
In partic., end of life, end, death:
natura ad humanum exitum (Romulum) abripuit,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16 fin.:
duravere usque ad Sejani exitum,
Plin. 8, 58, 74, § 197; Amm. 14, 11:
exitus in dubio est,
Ov. M. 12, 522:
Thrasymachi,
Juv. 7, 204:
saevus et illum exitus eripuit,
id. 10, 127; 271.—In plur.:
nonnumquam bonos exitus habent boni,
Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:
non igitur fatales exitus habuerunt,
id. Div. 2, 9, 24.—
3.
A means, method, way, device, solution of a difficulty:
cum autem exitus ab utroque datur conturbato errantique regi,
Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 63:
non solum viam quaestus invenerunt, verum etiam exitum ac rationem defensionis,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190:
jam nullum fortunis communibus exitum reperietis,
id. Dom. 47, 123.—
B.
Issue, result, event, i. q. eventus:
si mihi alterutrum de eventu atque exitu rerum promittendum est,
Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 5:
in unum exitum spectare,
id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:
videtur ad exitum venisse quaestio,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 1, 3:
neque exitum legis esse in meretrice publicanda,
i. e. the law would be without proper effect, id. Inv. 2, 40, 118, v. the context:
de exitu rerum sentire,
Caes. B. G. 7, 52 fin.:
incerto etiam nunc exitu victoriae,
id. ib. 7, 62, 6:
de exitu fortunarum suarum consultabant,
id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 3; and:
prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit deus,
events, Hor. C. 3, 29, 29: ut quae rei publicae polliceremur, exitu praestaremus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3:
exitum rei imponere,
Liv. 37, 19, 1:
quaestiones ad exitum perductae,
id. 40, 19, 10:
ad exitum spei pervenire,
accomplishment, id. 5, 12, 4; so,
serae exitum spei exspectare,
id. 5, 6, 2:
sine exitu esse,
without result, id. 32, 40, 3.—In plur.:
fortasse haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 6:
quae (responsa haruspicum) aut nullos habuerint exitus aut contrarios,
id. Div. 2, 24, 52:
Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 34; cf.:
(fortuna) Belli secundos reddidit exitus,
id. ib. 4, 14, 38.—Prov.:
exitus acta probat,
the event justifies the deed, Ov. H. 2, 85.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exitus
73 expositio

expŏsĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [expono].
I.
An exposing of an infant (post-class.), Justin. 1, 4, 9; 1, 5, 4.—
II.
Of speech.
A.
A setting [p. 698] forth, exposition, an exhibiting, showing; a narration: cursum contentiones magis requirunt;
expositiones rerum tarditatem,
Cic. Or. 63, 212; Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17; 1, 3, 4; 2, 2, 3; Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 203; Quint. 4, 1, 35; 4, 2, 2 et saep.—
B.
A definition, explanation:
duplices summi boni,
Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21 (cf. exponere, id. ib. § 22 Madv.; and 5, 5, 14, p. 635).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > expositio
74 ruo

rŭo, ŭi, ŭtum (ruiturus, a, um, Ov. M. 4, 459; Luc. 7, 404; Mart. 1, 88, 4; Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 8; gen. plur. part. ruentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. n. and a., to fall with violence, rush down; to fall down, tumble down, go to ruin (cf.: labor, procumbo, cado).
I.
Neutr. (very freq. and class.).
A.
Lit. Rarely of persons:
caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant Victores victique,
Verg. A. 10, 756; so Val. Fl. 7, 642.—Of things:
ruere illa non possunt, ut haec non eodem labefacta motu concidant,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:
spectacula runnt,
fell down, tumbled down, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47; cf.:
parietes ruunt,
id. Most. 1, 2, 36:
lateres veteres,
id. Truc. 2, 2, 50; so,
aedes,
id. Am. 5, 1, 43; id. Most. 1, 2, 69:
omnia tecta (supra aliquem),
Lucr. 4, 403; Liv. 4, 21, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 68 al.:
altae turres,
Lucr. 5, 307:
moles et machina mundi,
id. 5, 96:
murus,
Liv. 21, 11:
templa deum,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 104;
aulaea,
id. ib. 2, 8, 71:
acervus,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 47:
murus latius quam caederetur,
Liv. 21, 11:
tecta in agris,
id. 4, 21:
silices a montibus altis,
Lucr. 5, 314:
alto a culmine Troja,
Verg. A. 2, 290.— Poet.:
caeli templa,
Lucr. 1, 1105: ruit arduus aether, it rains, or the rain descends in torrents, Verg. G. 1, 324; cf. id. A. 8, 525:
caelum imbribus immodicis,
Mart. 3, 100, 3; cf.:
caelum in se,
Liv. 40, 58:
ruit imbriferum ver,
i.e. is ending, hastening to its close, Verg. G. 1, 313; cf.:
turbidus imber aquā,
id. A. 5, 695:
tempestas,
Tac. A. 1, 30.
1.
Prov.: caelum ruit, the sky is falling; of any thing very improbable: Cl. Quid tum, quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? Sy. Quid si nunc caelum ruat? Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41. —
2.
Transf., of rapid, hasty movements, to hasten, hurry, run, rush (cf.:
volo, curro): id ne ferae quidem faciunt, ut ita ruant atque turbentur,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; cf. id. Att. 7, 7, 7:
(Pompeium) ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,
id. ib. 7, 20, 1:
huc omnis turba ruebat,
Verg. A. 6, 305:
Aeneadae in ferrum ruebant,
id. ib. 8, 648:
per proelia,
id. ib. 12, 526:
quidam inermes ultro ruere ac se morti offerre,
Tac. Agr. 37:
contis gladiisque ruerent,
id. A. 6, 35:
in aquam caeci ruebant,
Liv. 1, 27 fin.:
in castra fugientes,
id. 24, 16, 2: in vulnera ac tela, id. 26, 44:
promiscue in concubitus,
id. 3, 47:
eques pedesque certatim portis ruere,
id. 27, 41:
ad urbem infesto agmine,
id. 3, 3:
ad portas,
Tac. A. 1, 66:
ad convivium,
id. H. 2, 68 fin.:
per vias,
id. ib. 5, 22:
destinatā morte in proelium,
Flor. 2, 18, 12:
ruebant laxatis habenis aurigae,
Curt. 4, 15, 3:
de montibus amnes,
Verg. A. 4, 164:
flumina per campos,
Ov. M. 1, 285:
in Galliam Rhenus,
Tac. H. 5, 19.— Poet., of time:
vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano Nox,
i.e. hastens up, sets in, Verg. A. 2, 250:
revoluta ruebat dies,
was advancing, hastening on, id. ib. 10, 256; cf. of the setting of the sun, Val. Fl. 1, 274; App. M. 3, p. 136, 19.— Of sound, to break forth:
antrum, unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae,
Verg. A. 6, 44.—
B.
Trop.
1.
(Acc. to A. 1.) To fall, fail, sink (very rare):
ratio ruat omnis,
Lucr. 4, 507:
quae cum accidunt nemo est quin intellegat, ruere illam rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12:
Vitellium ne prosperis quidem parem, adeo ruentibus debilitatum,
by his falling fortunes, Tac. H. 3, 64:
tam florentes Atheniensium opes ruisse,
Just. 5, 1, 9.—
2.
(Acc. to A. 2.) To rush, dash, hurry, hasten, run, etc. (freq. and class.):
tamquam ad interitum ruerem voluntarium,
Cic. Marcell. 5, 14:
emptorem pati ruere et per errorem in maximam fraudem incurrere,
to act hastily, commit an oversight, id. Off. 3, 13, 55; cf. Liv. 3, 11:
cum cotidie rueret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133; id. Att. 2, 14, 1; Quint. 2, 20, 2:
compescere ruentes,
Tac. H. 1, 56; 2, 63 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 34:
ad seditiones et discordias et bella civilia,
id. ib. 1, 46:
crudelitatis odio in crudelitatem ruitis,
Liv. 3, 53:
in servitium,
Tac. A. 1, 7:
in exitium,
id. H. 1, 84:
in sua fata,
Ov. M. 6, 51:
omnia fatis In pejus,
Verg. G. 1, 200:
quo scelesti ruitis?
Hor. Epod. 7, 1:
quo ruis,
Verg. A. 10, 811; Ov. M. 9, 428:
multos video, quā vel impudentiā vel fames duxit, ruentes,
Quint. 2, 20, 2.— Poet., with inf.:
quo ruis imprudens, vage, dicere fata?
Prop. 4 (5), 1, 71:
scire ruunt,
Luc. 7, 751; Stat. Th. 7, 177; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 387.— Impers. pass.:
ut ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur,
Liv. 8, 24.—
II.
Act., to cast down with violence, to dash down, tumble down, hurl to the ground, prostrate (except the jurid. phrase ruta caesa, perh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose, for in the passage, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 2, seu ruet seu eriget rem publicam, ruet might be neutr.)
A.
Lit.:
imbres fluctusque... frangere malum, Ruere antennas, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18:
naves (vis venti),
Lucr. 1, 272:
res impetibus crebris (venti),
id. 1, 293:
ceteros ruerem, agerem, raperem, funderem et prosternerem,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21:
immanem molem volvuntque ruuntque,
Verg. A. 9, 516:
cumulos ruit pinguis harenae,
breaks down, levels, id. G. 1, 105: sese superne in praedam, to cast one ' s self upon, App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—
B.
Poet., transf., to cast up from the bottom, to turn up, throw up, rake up: cum mare permotum ventis, ruit intus harenam, casts up (syn. eruit), Lucr. 6, 726; cf.:
totum (mare) a sedibus imis (venti),
Verg. A. 1, 85:
spumas salis aere,
id. ib. 1, 35:
cinerem et confusa Ossa focis,
id. ib. 11, 211:
atram nubem ad caelum (ignis),
id. G. 2, 308:
unde Divitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, acervos,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 22.—Hence, rŭtus, a, um, P. a., found only in the phrase rūta et caesa or rūta caesa (acc. to Varro, the u was pronounced long, although it is short in the compounds erutus, obrutus, etc.:
in venditionis lege fundi ruta caesa ita dicimus, ut U producamus,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 104).—In jurid. lang., every thing dug up (ruta) and cut down (caesa) on an estate without being wrought, and which is reserved by the owner at a sale; the timber and minerals: si ruta et caesa excipiantur in venditione, ea placuit esse ruta, quae eruta sunt, ut harena, creta et similia;
caesa ea esse, ut arbores caesas, et carbones et his similia, etc.,
Dig. 19, 1, 17:
in rutis caesis ea sunt, quae terrā non tenentur, quaeque opere structili tectoriove non continentur,
ib. 50, 16, 241:
ruta caesa dicuntur, quae venditor possessionis sui usus gratiā concidit ruendoque contraxit,
Fest. p. 262 Müll.:
ut venditores, cum aedes fundumve vendiderint rutis caesis receptis, concedant tamen aliquid emptori, quod ornandi causā apte et loco positum esse videatur,
Cic. Top. 26, 100: dicet te ne in rutis quidem et caesis solium tibl fraternum recepisse, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ruo
75 προτίθημι

προτίθημι (also thematic forms, [ per.] 3sg.

A προτιθεῖ Hdt.1.133
, [ per.] 3pl. προτιθεῖσι Id.7.197
), [tense] fut. - θήσω Th.3.67
: [tense] aor. προὔθηκα Il.24.409
, etc. (for προθέουσι v. προθέω (B)):—[voice] Med. (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1 προὐτέθην E.Ph. 803
, Pl.Phd. 90b, etc.; but [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [voice] Pass. are usu. supplied by πρόκειμαι:—set before, set out, esp. of meals, τραπέζας νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν ([dialect] Ep. for προὐτίθεσαν) Od.1.112; βοῦν Hes.Th. 537
; τούτοισι προθεῖναι δαῖτα Hdt.1.207
, cf. S.Aj. 1294, Ant. 775, Ph. 274, etc.; ξείνια στρατῷ Hdt.7.29
:—[voice] Med., set before oneself, have set before one, δαῖτα Id.1.133
, 4.26; κλίνας καὶ τραπέζας Plu.2.99e
; also προτίθεσθαί τισι ἄριστον cause it to be set before them, Chionid.7.

b π. τινὰ κυσίν throw him to the dogs, Il.24.409; τινὰ θηρσὶν ἁρπαγὴν π. E. El. 896.

c hand over for burial, τινά τινι S.El. 1198
, cf. 1487.

2 expose a child, Hdt.1.112; π. τινὰ ἔρημον S.Ph. 268
:—[voice] Pass., ὁ θανάτῳ προτεθείς E.Ph. 803
(lyr.).

3 set up, institute, propose, esp. of contests, ἅμιλλαν λόγων E.Med. 546
; λόγων τοὺς ἀγῶνας Th.3.67
; εἰ πονηρίας ἀγὼν προτεθείη Pl.Phd. 90b
; ἄπορον αἵρεσιν offer a choice, Id.Tht. 196c (but also προτίθεσθαί τινι αἵρεσιν Id.Lg. 858a
); π. νόμον E. Hipp. 1046
.

b set up as a mark or prize, στέφανόν τισι τῶν ἀγώνων Th.2.46
; σκοπὸν κάλλιστον ἐν τῷ ζῆν Plb.7.8.9
:—[voice] Pass., προὐτέθην ἐγὼ ἆθλον.. δορός E.Hel.42
.

c set as a penalty, θάνατον ζημίαν π. Th.3.44; τιμωρίας ἔτι μείζους οὐ μέχρι τοῦ δικαίου ib.82; τῶν νόμων τὰ ἔσχατα ἐπιτίμια προτεθηκότων D.34.37
; τοῖσι ἐκείνου ἀπογόνοισι ἀέθλους τοιούσδε Hdt.7.197
.

4 fix, set, ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα οὖρον τῆς ζόης ἀνθρώπῳ π. Id.1.32:—[voice] Med.; οὖρον π. ἐνιαυτόν ib.74.

5 appoint as a task or duty, τινί τι S.Tr. 1049
; νεωτέρῳ τοῦτο βαστάζειν πρόθες Id.Ant. 216
; δμῳαῖς π. πένθος οἰκεῖον στένειν ib. 1249, cf. Hdt. 9.94:—[voice] Med., propose to oneself as a task or object, ὅπερ προὐθέμεθα σκέψασθαι Pl.Phdr. 259e
, R. 352d, cf. Sph. 221a, Tht. 169c; π. ψέγειν αὐτὸ ἢ ἐπαινεῖν Id.Lg. 638c
, cf. Arist.EN 1142b19 (dub.), Hipparch. 1.1.6, Luc.Nec.19.

b [voice] Med., c. [tense] fut. inf., propose to oneself, intend, προτεθειμένου κατοικήσειν ἐνταῦθα Syr.D. 13.256
(Seleucia in Pieria, ii B.C.).

6 [voice] Med., also, put forth on one's own part, display, show, εὐλάβειαν S.El. 1334
; ἀνδραγαθίαν Th.3.64
; ἔχθραν Id.8.85
.

7 [voice] Med., θνητοὺς ἐν οἴκτῳ προθέμενος setting before oneself in pity, feeling compassion for, A.Pr. 241.

8 advance money, IPE12.32B30,63 (Olbia, iii B.C.); τὸ διδόμενον ἆθλον ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου αὐτὸς προέθηκεν ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου IG12(9).234.18
(Eretria, i B.C.); τισὶν τῶν πολιτῶν εἰς λύτρα προτιθείς SIG708.15
(Istropolis, ii B.C.).

II π. νεκρόν lay out a dead body, let it lie in state, Hdt.5.8:—[voice] Med., E.Alc. 664, Supp.53 (lyr.), Ar.Lys. 611, Th.2.34, Lys.12.18, etc.; ποτήρια χρύσεα προθεῖτο Hdt.3.148
.

2 set out wares for show or sale, Luc.Nigr.25, al.

3 display a public notice, τὸ λεύκωμα πρὸ τοῦ ναοῦ IG9(2).1109.35
(Coropa, ii B.C.); ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς οἰκίας π. ἐν λευκώματι UPZ 106.20
(ii B.C.); τὸ ὑπογεγραμμένον ἔκθεμα OGI664.4
(Egypt, i A.D.), cf. POxy.2108.8 ([voice] Pass., iii A.D.); notify publicly, τοὺς [προέδρους] προτιθέναι περὶ ὧν δεῖ βουλεύεσθαι IG42(1).68.80
(Epid., iv B.C.); περὶ ὧν.. οἱ ἄρχοντες προτίθεισι Ἀρχ.Δελτ.9 παρ.53 ([place name] Eresus), cf. IG 12(2).526a21 (ibid., iv B.C.), 645b35 (Nesus, iv B.C.); τὰς πράξεις (exactions).. τῶν προτιθεμένων ([voice] Pass.) κατὰ τὰς ἐγγραφάς Arist.Pol. 1321b42
; call a case for trial by means of a public notice, τῶν κατ' αὐτοὺς προτεθέντων UPZ118.18
(ii B.C.); οἱ προτεθέντες ἐπ' ἐμὲ καὶ μὴ ὑπακούσαντες ἴστωσαν ὅτι .. PHamb.29.6 (i A.D.); advertise for sale or other purpose, BGU 992 i 7 ([voice] Pass., ii B.C.), PLips.64.44 (iv A.D.), etc.; τοῖς συλλημψομένοις ὑμῖν γέρα προτιθέντα advertising rewards to those of you who apprehend (robbers), POxy.1408.16 (iii A.D.).

4 propose, bring forward a thing to be examined and debated, also give an opportunity for debate, voting, ἐς μέσον σφι π. πρῆγμα Hdt.1.206
; π. τὸν λόγον Id.8.59
; γνώμας σφίσιν αὐτοῖς Th. 1.139
; π. λόγον (sc. εἰς ἐκκλησίαν) Aeschin.2.65; λόγον περί τινος X.Mem.4.2.3
; γνώμας π. αὖθις Ἀθηναίοις, of the Prytanes, Th.6.14, cf. 3.36; π. τὴν διαγνώμην αὖθις περὶ Μυτιληναίων ib.42, cf. Isoc.8.15; π. βουλὴν εἴτε.. εἴτε .. D.H.6.15; τὸν ἐπιμήνιον, ἢν μὴ προθῇ, ἑκατὸν στατῆρας ὀφείλειν SIG58.10
(Milet., v B.C.), cf. 141.12 (Corc. Nigra, iv B.C.), 167.13 (Mylasa, iv B.C.), al.; προθεῖναι αὖθις περὶ Μυτιληναίων λέγειν propose a discussion about.., Th.3.38; τὸ συμφέρον ἡ πόλις προὐτίθει σκοπεῖν D.18.273
, etc.; π. αὐτοῖς κρίσιν appoint a trial for them, Lys.27.8; π. αὐτοῖς ἀγορὰν δικῶν Luc.
Bis Acc.4; προέθηκε.. λέγειν τὰ ἑκατέροισι.. κατέργασται has proposed (or initiated) a recital of what each has done, Hdt.9.27: c. dat. pers. et inf., Id.3.38: c. acc. et inf., π. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι τὸν βουλόμενον Id.8.49
:—[voice] Med., ἤν τις προθῆται ψῆφον, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι τὸν νόμον τοῦτον SIG45.33
(Halic., v B.C.):—[voice] Pass., οὐ προὐτέθη σφίσι λόγος speech was not allowed them, X.HG1.7.5; ψῆφος περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσα D.19.65
.

5 convene a meeting, προὔθεσαν οἱ πρυτάνεις ἐκκλησίαν Luc.Nec.19
:—[voice] Med., σύγκλητον τήνδε γερόντων προὔθετο λέσχην S.Ant. 161
(anap.).

III put forward, as one foot before the other, βραδύπουν ἤλυσιν ἄρθρων E.Hec.67
(anap.).

2 hold out as a pretext, αἰτίαν S.Aj. 1051
:—[voice] Med., τὴν συγγένειαν Plb. 2.19.1
, etc.

IV put before or first, προτιθέντι ἀνάγκη.. λέγειν, opp. ἐπιλέγοντι, Arist.Rh. 1394a15, cf. b28; π. τοῦ λόγου προοίμιον Pl. Lg. 723c
; set down first in writing, προθεὶς ἄρχοντα Νικόμαχόν φησιν οὕτως· ἐπὶ τούτου κτλ." Did. in D.1.19, cf. 8.17, al., Gal.19.183:— [voice] Med., put in front, τοὺς γροσφομάχους Plb.1.33.9
; premise, λόγον Id.3.118.11
; τὰς προειρημένας αἰτίας Id.4.25.6
:—[voice] Pass., τὸ μὴ καὶ τὸ οὒ προτιθέμενα τῶν ἐπιόντων ὀνομάτων Pl.Sph. 257c
: metaph., Th.2.42.

2 put before or over, πρόσθεν ὀμμάτων πέπλον π. E.IA 1550:— [voice] Med., E.IT 1218, etc.

3 prefer one to another, τί τινος Hdt.3.53
, E.Med. 963; ἡδονὴν ἀντὶ τοῦ καλοῦ Id.Hipp. 382
:—[voice] Med., πάρος τοὐμοῦ πόθου προὔθεντο τὴν τυραννίδα S.OC 419
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προτίθημι
76 ἐξόρμησις

ἐξόρμ-ησις, εως, ἡ,

A urging on, ἐς τὰ καλά Arr.An. 3.9.7
, cf. J.AJ19.1.10.

II rushing forth, κύματος ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Sch.Th.3.89; vehement attack, ἡ δι' ὀλίγου ἐ. D.C.75.6
; setting out, start, οἴκοθεν Arr.An.1.11.5
.

III cutaneous eruption, Gal.17(1).366 ( = 9.138 Chart.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξόρμησις
77 ἵημι

ἵημι, ἵης (

A v.l. ἵεις S.El. 596, Castorio 2), ἵησι, [ per.] 3pl. ἱᾶσι, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. ἱεῖσι; imper. ἵει Il.21.338
, E.El. 593 (lyr.); subj. ἱῶ; opt. ἱείην (also ἀφ-ίοιμι, X.HG6.4.3); inf. ἱέναι; part. ἱείς:—thematic forms of the [tense] pres. (as if from [full] ἱέω) are also found, esp. in compds., cf. μεθίημι, σύνιημι: also, as if from [full] ἵω, [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. ἵει A.R.4.634
, imper. ξύν-ιε Thgn.1240b
codd.: [tense] impf. [ per.] 3sg. ἵει Il.1.479
, [dialect] Dor. ἀν-ίη SIG1
(Abu Simbel, vi B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. ἵεσαν E.Ba. 1099
, ἵεν Il.12.33
, ξύν-ιεν (v.l. -ιον) 1.273; also [ per.] 2sg. ἵεις Ar.V. 355
; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. ἵεσκε ([etym.] ἀν-) Hes.Th. 157: [tense] fut. ἥσω Il.17.515
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ind. ἧκα Il.5.125
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἕηκα 1.48
(mostly in compds.); [ per.] 3sg. subj. ᾗσι 15.359
; [ per.] 3sg. opt. εἵη 3.221
; inf. εἷναι Ar.Ra. 133
, [dialect] Ep. ἐξ-έμεναι Od.11.531
: [tense] pf. εἷκα, only in compds. ([etym.] ἀφ-, καθ-, παρ-, συν-), also ἕωκα ([etym.] ἀφ-) PCair.Zen.502.4 (iii B.C.), Hdn.Gr.2.236:—[voice] Med., [tense] pres. ἵεμαι Od.2.327
, etc.; also [ per.] 3pl. προ-ίονται PCair.Zen.151.4
(iii B.C.): [tense] impf. ἱέμην Ar.Eq. 625
, etc.: [tense] fut. ἥσομαι ([etym.] μετ-) Hdt.5.35, ([etym.] προ-) D.1.12, ([etym.] ἐξαν-) E.Andr. 718: [tense] aor. 1 ἡκάμην (only in compds. προς-, προ-): [tense] aor. 2 εἵμην, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἕμην, of which we find εἷτο ([etym.] ἐφ-) S.Ph. 619, ([etym.] ἀφ-) X.Hier.7.11, ἕτο ([etym.] συν-) Od.4.76, ἕντο ([etym.] ἐξ-) Il.9.92, etc.; imper. ἕο ([etym.] ἐξ-) Hdt.5.39, οὗ ([etym.] ἀφ-) S.OT 1521; subj. ὧμαι ([etym.] συν-) Il.13.381; opt. εἵμην ([etym.] ἀφ-) Ar.Av. 628, or οἵμην ([etym.] προ-) Pl.Grg. 520c; inf. ἕσθαι ([etym.] προς-) Ar.V. 742; part. ἕμενος ([etym.] προ-) Th.6.78, Isoc.4.164, etc.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut. ἑθήσομαι ([etym.] ἀν-) Th.8.63: [tense] aor. εἵθην (only in compds. ἀφ-, καθ-, παρ-): [tense] pf. εἷμαι (only in compds.); also ἕωμαι in compds. ἀν-, ἀφ-, ἐφ- (q.v.): [tense] plpf. εἵμην (only in compds.).—Of the [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med. Hom. has only [tense] pres., [tense] impf., and [ per.] 3pl. [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Med. ἕντο.—For varieties peculiar to special compds., v. ἀν-, ἀφ-, ὑφ-ίημι. (Perh. cogn. with Lat. Ja-c-io or with Lat. sēmen:—[voice] Med. ἵεμαι prob. from ϝῑ-, cf. εἴσομαι 11
, Skt. véti (pl. vyánti) 'press forward, desire', Lat. vīs ([ per.] 2sg.), invitus.) [[pron. full] ῐ generally in Hom. and [dialect] Ep., [pron. full] ῑ in [dialect] Att.; sts. [pron. full] ῑ in Hom., ἵει Il.16.152
, etc.; ἱεῖσαι Od.12.192
; also in inf. ἱέμεν, ἱέμεναι, part. ἱέμενος, etc., ξυν-ῑετε Archil.50
: [pron. full] ῐ sts. in Trag., ῐησι A.Th. 309 (lyr.), ῐέντα ib. 493, ῐείς, ῐεῖσα, E.IT 298, IA 1101, Hec. 338; ῐεῖσαν Id.Supp. 281
; in Com., συνῐημι Ar.Av. 946 (s. v.l.), Strato Com.1.3: with variation of quantity, πλεῖστον οὖλον ἵει [pron. full] [ῐ], i)/oulon i(/ei [i ¯ ] Carm.Pop. 1.]:—release, let go, ἧκα.. πόδας καὶ χεῖρε φέρεσθαι Od.12.442
; ἧκε φέρεσθαι let him float off, Il.21.120; let fall, κὰδ δὲ κάρητος ἧκε κόμας made his locks flow down from his head, Od.6.231; [ἐθείρας] ἵει λόφον ἀμφί Il.19.383
; ἐκ δὲ ποδοῖιν ἄκμονας ἧκα δύω I let two anvils hang from his two legs, 15.19; ἐκ δ' ἄρα χειρὸς φάσγανον ἧκε χαμᾶζε Od.22.84
, cf. Il.12.205; ἵεις σαυτὸν κατὰ τοῦ τείχους Ar.V. 355
; ἧκαν ἑαυτούς let themselves go, X.An.4.5.18; ἵεσαν φυγῇ πόδα E.Rh. 798
.

2 of sounds, utter, ὄπα Il.3.152
, Od.12.192; ἔπεα Il.3.221
; γλῶσσαν Hdt. 1.57
; Ἑλλάδα γλῶσσαν ἱ. to speak Greek, Id.9.16; Δωρίδα, Ἀττικὴν γλῶσσαν, Th.3.112, Sol.36.10; φωνὴν Παρνησίδα A.Ch. 563
; δύσθροα βάγματα Id.Pers. 636
(lyr.); ἐκ στηθέων ἄλγος Id.Th. 865
(lyr.); μέγαν κωκυτόν S.Aj. 851
, etc.; but πᾶσαν γλῶσσαν ἱ. to let loose every kind of speech, Id.El. 596; πᾶσαν ([etym.] τὸ λεγόμενον) φωνὴν ἱέντα Pl.Lg. 890d
; τὸ τᾶς εὐφάμου στόμα φροντίδος ἱέντες, i.e. speaking not in words, but in silent thought, S.OC 133 (lyr.); ἧκε abs. (sc. φωνήν), Plu.2.973e; of instruments, ἄλλα μέλη τῶν χορδῶν ἱεισῶν Pl.Lg. 812d
.

3 throw, hurl, λᾶαν, βέλος, δόρυ, Od.9.538, Il.4.498, E.Rh. 63; ἱέναι (sc. τινά) πέτρας ἄπο E.HF 320
, cf. S.Tr. 273: c. gen. pers., to throw or shoot at one, ὀϊστόν τινος Il.13.650
; ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις ἵεσαν βέλεα Hes.Th. 684
: metaph., ἐκ μαλθακᾶς φρενὸς ὀϊστοὺς ἱέντες Pi.O.2.90
.

b abs., throw, shoot, τόσσον γὰρ ἵησιν Od.9.499
, cf.8.203, Il.17.515, Pl.Tht. 194a, etc.; ἄνω ἱέντες X.An.3.4.17
; δίσκοισιν τέρποντο.. ἱέντες Il.2.774
, al.: c. gen. objecti, τῶν μεγάλων ψυχῶν ἱείς shooting at great spirits, S.Aj. 154; ἐπὶ στόχον ( στοίχων codd.) at a mark, X. Ages.1.25: c. dat. instr., ἵησι τῇ ἀξίνῃ Id.An.1.5.12
.

4 of water, let flow, spout forth, ῥόον Il.12.25
; [Ἀξιὸς] ὕδωρ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἵησι 21.158
; ῥέος A.Pr. 812
: abs., [ποταμὸς] ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἵησιν the river pours over the land, Od.11.239; [κρήνη] ἵησι 7.130
; of tears, δάκρυον ἧκε χαμᾶζε 16.191
; of fire or smoke, ἵει νᾶμα παμφάγου πυρός E.Med. 1187
; λιγνύν A.Th. 493
.

5 send, of living beings, τίς γάρ σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε; Il.18.182; Αἰνείαν.. ἐξ ἀδύτοιο ἧκε 5.513
; of omens or portents, τοῖσι δὲ δεξιὸν ἧκεν ἐρῳδιόν 10.274
; ἔλαφον.. εἰς ὁδὸν αὐτὴν ἧκεν Od. 10.159
; τέρας 21.415
; generally of things, ἴκμενον οὖρόν τινι Il.1.479
, etc.

II [voice] Med., speed oneself, hasten, freq.in part. with Advs., πρόσω ἵεσθε Il.12.274
; ἐνθένδ' ἱέμην Ar.Eq. 625
; ἱ. Τροίηνδε, Ἔρεβόσδε, Od.19.187, 20.356: with Preps., ἵεσθαι κατὰ τὴν φωνήν Hdt. 2.70
; πρός τινα Id.9.78
; δρόμῳ ἵεσθαι ἐς τοὺς βαρβάρους Id.6.112
; ἵετ' εὐθὺ πρὸς τὰ νυμφικὰ λέχη S.OT 1242
; ἐς ὄρεα E.Ba. 140
(lyr.); εἰς Κολωνόν Pherecr.134
; ἵ. ἐπί τινα spring upon, of the lion, Arist.HA 629b24: abs., ἰδόντες ἱέμεσθα S.Ant. 432
; ἱέμενος ῥεῖ rushing, Pl.Cra. 420a, etc.

2 metaph., to be eager, desire to do a thing, c. inf., ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν Il.16.383
; βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θυμός 8.301
; ἵετο θυμῷ τείσασθαι.. 2.589
: c. gen., to be set upon, long for a thing, in part., ἱέμενοι πόλιος, νίκης, 11.168, 23.371; νόστοιο Od.15.69
; λεχέων S.Tr. 514
(lyr.); ἱέμενος ποταμοῖο ῥοάων setting thyself toward, Od.10.529: abs. in part., ἱέμενός περ eager though he was, 1.6, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἵημι
78 ὗς

ὗς (A), ὗν, gen. ὑός [pron. full] [ῠ]; or σῦς, σῦν, gen. σῠός, ὁ and ἡ: Hom. prefers σῦς, and uses ὗς only metri gr.: in Hdt. and [dialect] Att. ὗς is the prevailing form, as also at Rhodes, IG12(1).905, Myconos, SIG1024.16(iii/ii B. C.), etc., and ὑῶν ὄρος is an Argive place-name, ib.56.25 (V B.C.);

A ὖς Alc.99
(s.v.l.); both forms in Pi., v. infr.; ὗς in PCair.Zen. 462.7 (iii B. C.), LXXLe.11.7, al. ( σῦς only as v. l. in Ps.79(80).14), and Plb.8.29.4, 31.14.3, 34.8.8 ( συναγρειον f.l. in 8.26.10, B.-W. ii Praef. p.lxxvii); but σῦς (acc. σῦν ) in IG5(1).1390.34, al. (Andania, i B. C.): pl., nom. ὕες, σύες; acc. ὕας, σύας, [dialect] Att. ὗς Pl.Tht. 166c
, Plb.12.4.5,8, GDI5633.9 ([place name] Clazomenae ) ( σῦς Od.14.107
); gen. ὑῶν, συῶν; dat. ὑσί ( συσί Il.5.783
, 7.257), but [dialect] Ep. also ὕεσσι Od.13.410
, σύεσσι (v. infr.):—the wild swine, of the boar, σῦν ἄγριον ἀργιόδοντα Il.9.539
, cf. 8.338, al.; ἀργοτέρῳ συΐ καπρίῳ 11.293
; ἀγροτέροισι σύεσσιν ἐοικότε 12.146
; ἀργιόδοντος ὑός 10.264
; also called σῦς κάπριος or κάπρος, v. sub vocc.; cf. also χλούνης; of the sow, συὸς ληϊβοτείρης Od.18.29
; ὗς ἄγριος Hdt.4.192
, cf. X.Cyr.1.6.28, etc.; ὕες (v.l. ὗς) ἄγριαι Arist.HA 578a25
.

2 of the domesticated animal, Od. 14.14; the hogs being eaten, ὕες θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ Il.23.32
; they were fed on acorns, Od. 10.243; also on μῆλα πλατανίστινα, Gal.6.597;
τοκὰς ὗς
sus foeta, Luc.Lex.6
, cf. Od. 14.16; ὗς ἐπίτεξ Alciphr. 3.73
.

3 provs., Βοιωτία ὗς, of stupidity (cf. συοβοιωτοί), Pi.O.6.90, cf. Fr.83 ([etym.] σύας) ; ὗς ποτ' Ἀθαναίαν ἔριν ἤρισεν (or more shortly ἡ ὗς τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν, Lat. sus Minervam, Plu.Dem. 11), of dunces setting themselves up against wise men, Theoc.5.23; οὐκ ἂν πᾶσα ὗς γνοίη Pl. La. 196d
; ὗς διὰ ῥόδων 'a bull in a china-shop', Crates Com.4; ὗς ἐκώμασε, of arrogant and insolent behaviour, Theognost.Can.24; ὗς ὑπὸ ῥόπαλον δραμεῖται, of one who runs wilfully into destruction, Dinoloch.14; παχὺς ὗς ἔκειτ' ἐπὶ στόμα (cf. βοῦς VIII) Men.21; λύσω τὴν ἐμαυτῆς ὗν I will give my rage vent (' go the whole hog'), Ar.Lys. 684.

II = ὕαινα 11, Epich.68, Archestr.Fr.22.1.

III v. ὕσγη. (Cf. Lat. σῡς, OE. sú, sw-in: perh. I.-E. sū-s fem. 'mother', cf. Skt. sū-s 'mother', sū-te 'bring forth (young)'; change of meaning as in Polish maciora (1) 'mother', (2) 'sow', and in Sardinian mardi 'sow', from mater; Skt. sū-s is also masc., and σῦς is difficult.)

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ὗς (B), [dialect] Dor. for οἷ,

A whither, IG4.498.4 (Mycenae, ii B. C.).

II [dialect] Dor. for ἐκεῖ ([etym.] σε), in the gloss ὕσειμι· ἐκεῖ βαδίζω, Hsch. (cf. ὗσπερ).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὗς
79 Ayre, Sir Amos Lowrey

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

[br]

b. 23 July 1885 South Shields, England

d. 13 January 1952 London, England

[br]

English shipbuilder and pioneer of the inter-war "economy" freighters; Chairman of the Shipbuilding Conference.

[br]

Amos Ayre grew up on the Tyne with the stimulus of shipbuilding and seafaring around him. After an apprenticeship as a ship draughtsman and distinction in his studies, he held responsible posts in the shipyards of Belfast and later Dublin. His first dramatic move came in 1909 when he accepted the post of Manager of the new Employment Exchange at Govan, then just outside Glasgow. During the First World War he was in charge of fleet coaling operations on the River Forth, and later was promoted Admiralty District Director for shipyard labour in Scotland.

Before the conclusion of hostilities, with his brother Wilfrid (later Sir Wilfrid Ayre) he founded the Burntisland Shipbuilding Company in Fife. Setting up on a green field site allowed the brothers to show innovation in design, production and marketing. Such was their success that the new yard was busy throughout the Depression, building standard ships which incorporated low operating costs with simplicity of construction.

Through public service culminating in the 1929 Safety of Life at Sea Conference, Amos Ayre became recognized not only as an eminent naval architect, but also as a skilled negotiator. In 1936 he was invited to become Chairman of the Shipbuilding Conference and thereby virtual leader of the industry. As war approached he planned with meticulous care the rearrangement of national shipbuilding capacity, enabling Britain to produce standard hulls ranging from the legendary TID tugs to the standard freighters built in Sunderland or Port Glasgow. In 1939 he became Director of Merchant Shipbuilding, a position he held until 1944, when with typical foresight he asked to be released to plan for shipbuilding's return to normality.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1937. KBE 1943. Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau.

Bibliography

1919, "The theory and design of British shipbuilding", The Syren and Shipping, London.

Further Reading

Wilfrid Ayre, 1968, A Shipbuilders Yesterdays, Fife (published privately). James Reid, 1964, James Lithgow, Master of Work, London.

Maurice E.Denny, 1955, "The man and his work" (First Amos Ayre Lecture), Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects vol. 97.

FMW

Biographical history of technology > Ayre, Sir Amos Lowrey
80 Russell, John Scott

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

[br]

b. 9 May 1808 Parkhead, near Glasgow, Scotland

d. 8 June 1882 Isle of Wight, England

[br]

Scottish engineer, naval architect and academic.

[br]

A son of the manse, Russell was originally destined for the Church and commenced studies at the University of St Andrews, but shortly afterwards he transferred to Glasgow, graduating MA in 1825 when only 17 years old. He began work as a teacher in Edinburgh, working up from a school to the Mechanics Institute and then in 1832 to the University, where he took over the classes in natural philosophy following the death of the professor. During this period he designed and advised on the application of steam power to road transport and to the Forth and Clyde Canal, thereby awakening his interest in ships and naval architecture.

Russell presented papers to the British Association over several years, and one of them, The Wave Line Theory of Ship Form (although now superseded), had great influence on ship designers of the time and helped to establish the formal study of hydromechanics. With a name that was becoming well known, Russell looked around for better opportunities, and on narrowly missing appointment to the Chair of Mathematics at Edinburgh University he joined the upand-coming Clyde shipyard of Caird \& Co., Greenock, as Manager in 1838.

Around 1844 Russell and his family moved to London; following some business problems he was in straitened circumstances. However, appointment as Secretary to the Committee setting up the Great Exhibition of 1851 eased his path into London's intellectual society and allowed him to take on tasks such as, in 1847, the purchase of Fairbairn's shipyard on the Isle of Dogs and the subsequent building there of I.K. Brunel's Great Eastern steamship. This unhappy undertaking was a millstone around the necks of Brunel and Russell and broke the health of the former. With the yard failing to secure the order for HMS Warrior, the Royal Navy's first ironclad, Russell pulled out of shipbuilding and for the remainder of his life was a designer, consultant and at times controversial, but at all times polished and urbane, member of many important committees and societies. He is remembered as one of the founders of the Institution of Naval Architects in 1860. His last task was to design a Swiss Lake steamer for Messrs Escher Wyss, a company that coincidentally had previously retained Sir William Fairbairn.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1847.

Bibliography

John Scott Russell published many papers under the imprint of the British Association, the Royal Society of Arts and the Institution of Naval Architects. His most impressive work was the mammoth three-volume work on shipbuilding published in London in 1865 entitled The Modern System of Naval Architecture. Full details and plans of the Great Eastern are included.

Further Reading

G.S.Emmerson, 1977, John Scott Russell, a Great Victorian Engineer and Naval Architect, London: Murray

FMW

Biographical history of technology > Russell, John Scott

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