s+word

ĭgĭtur, conj. [pronom. stem i- of is; suffix -ha (-dha); Gr. -tha; Sanscr. -iha, here; -tur, = -tus (Sanscr. -tas), as in penitus, antiquitus, etc., from thence], introduces an inference or deduction, then, therefore, thereupon, accordingly, in these circumstances (in class. prose usu. placed after the first word of the clause; cf. below, III.; syn.: itaque, ergo; cf.: eo, ideo, idcirco, propterea; quamobrem, quare, etc.).

In gen. (rare):

SI. IN. IVS. VOCAT. NI. IT. ANTESTATOR. IGITVR EM. CAPITO, Fragm. XII. Tab.: mox magis, cum otium mihi et tibi erit, igitur tecum loquar,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 39:

quando habebo, igitur rationem mearum fabricarum dabo,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 177; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 17:

cetera consimili mentis ratione peragrans, Invenies igitur multarum semina rerum Corpore celare, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 677.—

In partic.

Pleon., with tum, deinde, or demum, then at length, then certainly, then first:

ubi emeritum'st stipendium, igitur tum Specimen cernitur, quo eveniat aedificatio,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 51:

tum igitur tibi aquae erit cupido,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 50:

igitur tum accedam hunc, quando quid agam invenero,

id. Most. 3, 1, 159:

post id igitur deinde faciam palam,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 29:

miserumst opus, igitur demum fodere puteum, ubi sitis fauces tenet,

id. Most. 2, 1, 32:

igitur demum omnes scient quae facta,

id. Am. 1, 2, 11; 1, 1, 145:

post igitur demum faciam ut res flat palam,

id. ib. 3, 1, 16:

demum igitur, quom seis jam senex, tum in otium te conloces, etc.,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 9.—

In drawing a logical conclusion (but not with et, atque, que; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 540), therefore, accordingly, consequently: St. Ligna hic apud nos nulla sunt. Co. Sunt asseres. St. Sunt pol. Co. Sunt igitur ligna, Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 8:

si enim est aliquid in rerum natura, quod hominis mens, quod ratio, quod vis, quod potestas humana efficere non possit, est certe id, quod illud efficit, homine melius. Atqui res caelestes omnesque eae, quarum est ordo sempiternus, ab homine confici non possunt. Est igitur id, quo illa conficiuntur, homine melius,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 16: quid ergo haec ab illa conclusione differt, Si mentiris, mentiris;

mentiris autem, mentiris igitur?

id. Ac. 2, 30, 96; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 40: quodsi melius geruntur, quae consilio, quam quae sine consilio administrantur;

nihil autem omnium rerum melius quam omnis mundus administratur: consilio igitur mundus administratur, Quint 5, 14, 9: quod cum ita sit, certe nec secerni nec dividi nec discerpi nec distrahi potest, ne interire quidem igitur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 82; 1, 36, 88: sequitur, ut nihil paeniteat, nihil desit, nihil obstet: ergo omnia profluenter, absolute, prospere;

igitur beate,

id. ib. 5, 18, 53; so,

corresp. with ergo,

id. Lael. 14 fin., and 15 init.:

atqui falsum quod est, id percipi non potest, ut vobismet ipsis placet. Si igitur memoria perceptarum comprehensarumque rerum est: omnia, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 33, 106.—

In consecutive interrogations, then:

dolor igitur, id est summum malum, metuetur semper, etiam si non aderit: jam enim adesse poterit. Qui potest igitur habitare in beata vita summi mali metus?

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 92; cf.:

utrum igitur hactenus satis est?

id. Top. 4, 25:

in quo igitur loco est? credo equidem in capite,

id. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

ubi igitur locus fuit errori deorum?

id. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

possumusne igitur in Antonii latrocinio aeque esse tuti?

id. Phil. 12, 12, 27; cf.:

totiesne igitur sententiam mutas?

id. Att. 8, 14, 2:

cur has igitur sibi tam graves leges imposuerit, cum? etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23.—In ironical or sarcastic interrog. clauses:

igitur hocine est amare? arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 20:

dicet aliquis: Haec igitur est tua disciplina? sic tu instituis adulescentes?

Cic. Cael. 17, 39; id. Fam. 9, 10, 2:

id indigne ferens ille: Hunc igitur, regem agnoscimus, inquit?

Curt. 6, 11, 23:

quin igitur ulciscimur Graeciam et urbi faces subdimus?

id. 5, 7, 4; cf. id. 10, 6, 23.—

In resuming an interrupted thought:

cum Q. Metellus L. F. causam de pecuniis repetundis diceret, ille, ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior quam conspectus fuit, qui de civitate decedere quam de sententia maluit: hoc igitur causam dicente, cum, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 5, 11; id. Off. 1, 2, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30; id. Brut. 48, 177 al.—Esp. after a parenthesis: recta effectio (katorthôsin enim ita appello, quoniam rectum factum katorthôma) recta igitur effectio crescendi accessionem nullam habet, Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 45; 2, 22, 74:

scripsi etiam (nam etiam ab orationibus dijungo me fere, etc.) scripsi igitur Aristotelio more, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

tu enim sapienter (nunc demum enim rescribo iis litteris, quas mihi misisti convento Antonio Tiburi) sapienter igitur, quod manus dedisti, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 3, 1:

rerum autem cognitiones (quas vel comprehensiones vel perceptiones appellemus licet) has igitur ipsas propter se asciscendas arbitramur,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 18; 2, 33, 107; 4, 14, 38; Sall. C. 54 init.; Curt. 3, 2, 2; Nep. Thras. 4, 3.—

In emphatically repeating a word or thought:

quae mihi omnia grata sunt, de L. Mescinio gratissimum... id igitur—puto enim etiam atque etiam mihi dicendum esse—velim existimes mihi te fecisse gratissimum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 28 a, 1:

ea vis, ea igitur ipsa, quae, etc.,

id. Mil. 31, 84.—

In returning to or summing up a preceding train of thought, I say then, so then, as I was saying, in short: ut cum videmus speciem primum candoremque caeli;

deinde conversionis celeritatem tantam, quantam, etc.... tum vicissitudines dierum ac noctium... tum globum terrae eminentem e mari... tum multitudinem pecudum... hominemque ipsum... atque hominis utilitati agros omnes ac maria parentia: haec igitur et alia innumerabilia cum cernimus, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; id. Fam. 13, 1, 3; id. de Or. 2, 25, 105 al.—

To introduce a special amplification of a thought previously introduced in general terms, then:

de hominibus dici non necesse est. Tribus igitur modis video, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 66; id. Brut. 32, 122:

quoniam pluribus modis accipi solet, non equidem in omnes eam particulas secabo, sed maxime necessarias attingam. Est igitur unum genus, etc.,

Quint. 8, 3, 63:

ut igitur ante meridiem discesserunt, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

sit igitur (ut supra significavi) divisio rerum plurium in singulas, partitio singularum in partes discretus ordo,

Quint. 7, 1. 1:

prima est igitur amplificandi vel minuendi species,

id. 8, 4, 1 (v. also III. A. below).—

Position.

Sometimes igitur begins a sentence (in Cic. only in sense last described, II. E. above; freq. in Sall., Tac., Curt., and Liv.;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 357): nunc juris principia videamus. Igitur doctissimis viris proficisci placuit a lege, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

igitur his genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere,

Sall. C. 54, 1; 46, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 1: de quo, quia nunc primum oblatus est, pauca repetam:

nam et ipse pars Romanarum cladium erit. Igitur matre libertina ortus, etc.,

Tac. A. 15, 72; 1, 31.—

Igitur is sometimes placed after several words:

referamus nos igitur ad eum quem volumus incohandum,

Cic. Or. 9, 33:

eamne rationem igitur sequare?

id. Fin. 2, 23, 76:

quid dicis igitur?

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12; cf.:

quid me igitur mones?

id. Div. 2, 64, 132:

paria sunt igitur,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf.:

videndum est igitur,

id. Off. 1, 14, 43:

hujus quoque igitur criminis, te accusante, mentio nulla fiet,

id. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32:

huic homini parcetis igitur?

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81:

in hominem dicendum est igitur,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

hi autem non sunt: ne Nymphae quidem deae igitur?

id. N. D. 3, 17, 43; cf.:

ne in animo quidem igitur sensus remanet,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82:

ille mihi videtur igitur vere augurari,

id. Div. 1, 15, 27:

quae est melior igitur in hominum genere natura?

id. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

quid tibi negoti est meae domi igitur?

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 63.

inter-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a., to put, place, lay, or set between or among, to interpose, insert between.

Lit.

Of place, constr. with acc. and dat., or inter with acc.:

equitatus praesidia levis armaturae,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 17; 13; 19:

vestibus interponi eam (herbam) gratissimum,

Plin. 21, 6, 20, § 43:

ubi spatium inter muros... pilae interponuntur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 15:

inter eos levis armaturae Numidas,

Hirt. B. Afr. 13:

uti levis armatura interjecta inter equites suos interponeretur,

id. ib. 20:

sulcos,

Cato, R. R. 33, 3:

ne interpositi quidem elephanti militem deterrebant,

Liv. 37, 42:

lateri vinculum lapides sunt, quos interposuere, ut, etc.,

Curt. 8, 10, 25.—

Esp.

To insert, interpose, introduce. —Of time:

intercalariis mensibus interpositis,

Liv. 1, 19, 6; cf.:

inediam unius diei per singulos menses,

Suet. Vesp. 20.—Of musical notes:

iis sonis quos interposuerant, inserunt alios,

Quint. 12, 10, 68.—Of words or language:

ne inquam et inquit saepius interponeretur,

Cic. Lael. 1:

hoc loco libet interponere... quantae, etc.,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 1: subinde interponenti precibus, quid respondebo, [p. 984] etc., Quint. 6, 3, 64:

paucis interpositis versibus,

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 131:

aliquid,

Quint. 2, 4, 12:

verbum ullum,

Cic. Quint. 4, 15; so,

querelas,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 1:

meam sententiam,

Quint. 5 prooem. 3. —

Of a letter in a word: quibusdam (verbis litteram),

Quint. 1, 5, 17.—Of a foot in verse:

quibusdam (iambus) interpositus,

id. 10, 1, 96.—

Of time, to let pass, permit to elapse, leave an interval:

spatium ad recreandos animos,

Caes. B. C. 3, 74:

ejus rei causa moram interponi arbitrabatur,

id. B. G. 4, 9, fin.:

tridui mora interposita,

after a delay of, id. ib. 4, 11; id. B. C. 1, 64; 3, 12; 75:

nullam moram,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

nullam moram, quin, etc.,

id. Ac. 1, 1:

spatio interposito,

some time after, id. Clu. 2, 5; Liv. 5, 5, 10:

diebus aliquot interpositis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9:

tempore interposito,

Suet. Tib. 9; cf. id. Claud. 26; Plin. 25, 8, 49, § 88:

hac interposita nocte,

Liv. 44, 39.—

To mingle:

frigidam (cibis),

to drink cold water while eating, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 55; cf.:

condimentis cuminum,

to mix with, id. 20, 15, 58, § 153.—

With personal objects, to introduce among, admit among, bring into, to bring into a feast, a society, among associates, etc.:

quam sancta sit societas civium, dis immortalibus interpositis, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 16:

aliquem convivio,

Suet. Claud. 39:

legatos familiaribus,

id. Ner. 22. —

Trop., to interpose, introduce, put in the way, put forward.

In gen., as a hinderance, interference, reason, or pretext:

Lentulus provinciam, quam sorte habebat, interposita religione, deposuit,

Cic. Pis. 21, 50:

neque ulla belli suspicione interposita,

Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

nulla interposita dubitatione,

id. ib. 7, 40; Hirt. B. G. 8, 48; 52:

interposita pactione,

Just. 7, 6, 5:

offensione aliqua interposita,

Cic. Phil. 2, 4:

nec colloquium interposita causa tolli volebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42; Hirt. B. Alex. 70:

causam interponens collegas exspectare,

Nep. Them. 7, 2:

postulata haec ab eo interposita esse, quominus, etc.,

Cic. Att. 7, 15, 3:

operam, studium, laborem pro sociis,

id. Div. in Caecin. 19.—

Esp.

Of a judgment, decree, edict, oath, etc.:

jurejurando interposito,

Liv. 34, 25, 7; Suet. Caes. 85:

jus eo die se non dicturum, neque decretum interpositurum,

Liv. 3, 46, 3:

ad decreta interponenda pecuniam occipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119; Suet. Tib. 33:

judicium suum,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

poenas compromissaque,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 66:

exceptionem actioni,

Dig. 44, 1, 2:

intercessionem suam (of a tribune of the people),

Val. Max. 6, 1, 10:

tutor interponit auctoritatem suam,

gives his authorization, Gai. Inst. 1, 190. —

Fidem interponere, to pledge one's word or credit:

fidem suam in eam rem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36, 2:

fidem reliquis interponere, jusjurandum poscere, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 6, 6:

fidem suam in re omni,

Hirt. B. Alex. 63:

omni interposita fide,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86:

ut in eam rem fidem suam, si quid opus esse putaret, interponeret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 114; cf.:

sponsio interponeretur,

Liv. 9, 9.—

Se interponere (in aliquid, or alicui rei; also with quominus or absol.), to interfere, intermeddle, engage in, set one ' s self in the way:

si te in istam pacificationem non interponis,

Cic. Fam. 10, 27, 2:

bello se,

Liv. 35, 48:

num ego me non interpono Romanis,

Just. 3, 10, 11:

num quem putas posse reperiri, qui se interponat, quominus, etc.?

Cic. Vatin. 15:

quid enim me interponerem audaciae tuae?

expose myself, id. Phil. 2, 4, 19:

ni tribuni plebis interposuissent se,

Liv. 27, 6: tu vero, quod voles, facies;

me nihil interpono,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 5.— Rarely, to interfere, interpose in behalf of any one:

semper se interposuit,

Nep. Att. 2, 4; 9, 5:

Qui me mediis interposuerim Caesaris scriptis, i.e. by writing a continuation,

Hirt. B. G. 8 praef.

mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. melas, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].— Comp.: pējor, pejus.— Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.:

malus et nequam homo,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1:

pessima puella,

Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10:

delituit mala,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9:

philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23:

malam opinionem habere de aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59:

consuetudo,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

conscientia,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

mens,

id. ib.:

mores,

Sall. C. 18:

fures,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 77:

Furiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 135:

virus,

Verg. G. 1, 129:

cicuta,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 56:

libido,

Liv. 1, 57:

falx,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

gramina,

id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17:

abi in malam rem,

go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17:

pugna,

unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56:

avis,

i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46:

ales,

id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4:

haud mala est mulier,

not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

facies,

Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43:

crus,

i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102:

pondus,

i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick:

in malis aeger est,

in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.:

tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,

id. 3, 5 med.:

eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,

id. ib. —In neutr. sing., as adv.:

ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp.: pejor, worse:

via,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,

mă-lum, i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.

In gen.:

orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25:

quam sit bellum, cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

hostes inopinato malo turbati,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

externum, i. e. bellum,

Nep. Hamilc. 21:

ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,

Cels. 3, 15:

hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,

Liv. 2, 34, 11.—

In partic.

Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury:

malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,

Liv. 2, 54, 10:

malo exercitum coërcere,

Sall. J. 100, 5:

sine malo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11:

vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,

ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,

is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5:

clementiam illi malo fuisse,

was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own [p. 1105] hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.):

olet homo quidam malo suo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165:

male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,

to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—

Wrong-doing:

causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,

Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—

As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment:

quid tu, malum, me sequere?

Plaut. Cas. 1, 3:

qui, malum, alii?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—

As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—

măle, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, alogistôs, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

di isti Segulio male faciant,

do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1:

o factum male de Alexione!

id. Att. 15, 1, 1:

male velle alicui,

to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13:

Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

male loqui,

id. Rosc. Am. 48:

male loqui alicui, for maledicere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25:

male accipere verbis aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,

to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

hoc male habet virum,

annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5:

male se habere,

to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6:

male est animo,

it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

male est animo,

I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

male fit animo,

I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1:

quae res tibi vertat male,

much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

male tibi esse malo quam molliter,

I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1:

proelium male pugnatum,

unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7:

ea quae male empta sunt,

at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1:

male vendere,

at a sacrifice, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34:

male tegere mutationem fortunae,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

male sustinere arma,

unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

male metuo, ne, etc.,

exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

rauci,

miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.—

When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,

insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

male sana,

with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8:

gratus,

i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27:

male fidas provincias,

unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17:

statio male fida carinis,

unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp.:

oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

pejusque leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and:

cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.

mālus, i, f., Gr. mêlea, an appletree:

malus bifera,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7:

et steriles platani malos gessere valentes,

Verg. G. 2, 70:

malus granata,

the pomegranate, Isid. 17, 7, 6:

felices arbores putantur esse quercus...malus, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.

mālus, i, m. [by some referred to root mac-; Gr. makros; Lat. magnus; but perh. the same word with 2. malus], an upright mast, pole, or beam.

In gen.:

malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit,

Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—

Esp.

A mast of a ship:

ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere nihil dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

malum erigi, vela fieri imperavit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

attolli malos,

Verg. A. 5, 829:

malo suspendit ab alto,

id. ib. 5, 489:

saucius,

injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—

A standard or pole, to which the awnings spread over the theatre were attached, Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—

The beam in the middle of a wine-press, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

The corner beams of a tower:

turrium mali,

Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.

mando, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [manusdo], to commit to one's charge, to enjoin, commission, order, command (syn.: praecipio, edico); constr. alicui aliquid, with ut, ne, the simple subj., or with inf. (class.).

Lit.

Alicui aliquid:

tibi de nostris rebus nihil sum mandaturus per litteras,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

praeterea typos tibi mando,

id. Att. 1, 10, 3:

si quid velis, huic mandes,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 7:

L. Clodio mandasse, quae illum mecum loqui velles,

Cic. Fam. 3, 4, 1:

alicui mandare laqueum,

to bid go and be hanged, Juv. 10, 57.—With ellipsis of dat.:

tamquam hoc senatus mandasset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84:

excusationem,

Suet. Oth. 6:

haec ego numquam mandavi,

Juv. 14, 225.—

With ut or ne:

Voluseno mandat, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

mandat ut exploratores in Suebos mittant,

id. ib. 6, 10, 3:

Caesar per litteras Trebonio magnopere mandaverat, ne, etc.,

id. B. C. 2, 13.—

With simple subj.:

huic mandat, Remos reliquosque Belgas adeat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 11.—

With object-clause:

mandavit Tigranen Armeniā exturbare,

Tac. A. 15, 2:

non aliter cineres mando jacere meos,

Mart. 1, 88, 10.—

Impers. pass.:

fecerunt ut eis mandatum fuerat,

Vulg. Gen. 45, 21.—

Transf.

In gen., to commit, consign, enjoin, confide, commend, intrust any thing to a person or thing:

ego tibi meas res mando,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 54:

bona nostra haec tibi permitto et tuae mando fidei,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 61:

ludibrio habeor... ab illo, quoi me mandavisti, meo viro,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 32:

(adulescens) qui tuae mandatus est fide et fiduciae,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 99:

aliquem alicui alendum,

Verg. A. 3, 49:

alicui magistratum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 59:

honores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81:

filiam viro,

to give in marriage, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 32:

aliquem aeternis tenebris vinculisque,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

se fugae,

to betake one's self to flight, Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

fugae et solitudini vitam suam,

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

semen terrae,

i. e. to sow, Col. 1, 7, 6:

hordea sulcis,

Verg. E. 5, 36:

corpus humo,

to bury, id. A. 9, 214:

aliquid memoriae,

Cic. Quint. 6, 24:

litteris,

to commit to writing, id. de Or. 2, 12, 52:

scriptis actiones nostras,

id. Off. 2, 1, 3:

historiae,

id. Div. 2, 32, 69:

monumentis,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

fruges conditas vetustati,

to keep for a long time, to suffer to grow old, id. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

Alcibiadem interficiendum insidiis mandare,

Just. 5, 2, 5.— Absol.:

Claudio mandante ac volente (opp. invito),

Vop. Aur. 16, 2.—

To charge a person to announce something, to send word to a person or place only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

mandare ad Pisonem, noli, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 25:

mandabat in urbem, nullum proelio finem exspectarent,

sent word, Tac. A. 14, 38:

ferre ad nuptam quae mittit adulter, quae mandat,

Juv. 3, 46:

senatui mandavit, bellum se ei illaturum,

Eutr. 5, 5:

consulantes, si quid ad uxores suas mandarent,

Flor. 3, 3, 6.—P. a. as subst.: mandā-tum, i, n., a charge, order, commission, injunction, command.

In gen.:

ut mandatum scias me procurasse,

have performed the commission, Cic. Att. 5, 7, 3:

hoc mandatum accepi a Patre,

Vulg. Joh. 10, 18.—More freq. in plur.:

omnibus ei de rebus, quas agi a me voles, mandata des, velim,

Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 2:

dare mandata alicui in aliquem,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5:

dare alicui mandata, ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 3, 6:

accipere ab aliquo,

id. ib. 8, 8, 23:

persequi,

to perform, execute, fulfil, id. Q. Fr. 2, 14, 2:

audire,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

alicujus exhaurire,

id. Att. 5, 1, 5:

exponere in senatu,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 49:

exsequi,

id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Sall. J. 35, 5:

facere,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 64; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 72:

perficere,

Liv. 1, 56:

efficere,

Sall. J. 58:

facere,

Curt. 7, 9, 17:

deferre,

to deliver, Cic. Att. 7, 14, 1:

perferre,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 18:

neglegere,

to neglect, not perform, Ov. H. 16, 303:

fallere,

id. M. 6, 696:

haec mandata,

Liv. 21, 54, 4: legatis occulta mandata data sint, ut, Just. 34, 1, 5.— Poet., with inf.:

producetque virum, dabit et mandata reverti,

and enjoin him to return, Ov. H. 13, 143.—

Esp. as legal term.

A commission constituting a mutual obligation; hence, in gen., a contract:

mandatum constitit, sive nostra gratia mandamus, sive alienā: id est, sive ut mea negotia geras, sive ut alterius mandem tibi, erit mandati obligatio, et invicem alter alteri tenebimur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 155 sqq.:

itaque mandati constitutum est judicium non minus turpe, quam furti,

i. e. for breach of contract, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 111:

actio mandati,

an action for the non-performance of a contract, Dig. 17, 1, 8, § 3.—

An imperial command, mandate, Plin. Ep. 10, 110, 1; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 111:

principum,

Front. Aquaed. 3.—Esp. of the secret orders of the emperors:

(Galba) mandata Neronis de nece sua deprenderat,

Suet. Galb. 9; id. Tib. 52:

occulta mandata,

Tac. A. 2, 43:

fingere scelesta mandata,

id. ib. 2, 71; 3, 16; id. H. 4, 49.—

In eccl. lang., the law or commandment of God:

mandatum hoc, quod ego praecipio tibi hodie, non supra te est,

Vulg. Deut. 30, 11:

nec custodisti mandata,

id. 1 Reg. 13, 13:

maximum et primum mandatum,

id. Matt. 22, 38.

mando, di, sum (in the dep. form mandor, acc. to Prisc. p. 799 P.), 3, v. a. [akin to madeo, properly to moisten; hence], to chew, masticate (syn. manduco).

Lit. (class.):

animalia alia sugunt, alia carpunt, alia vorant, alia mandunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

asini lentissime mandunt,

Plin. 17, 9, 6, § 54; Col. 6, 2, 14.— Poet.:

(equi) fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum,

i. e. champ, Verg. A. 7, 279:

tristia vulnera saevo dente,

i. e. to eat the flesh of slaughtered animals, Ov. M. 15, 92.—In part. perf.: mansum ex ore daturum, Lucil. ap. Non. 140, 14; Varr. ib. 12:

omnia minima mansa in os inserere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus,

Quint. 10, 1, 19.—

Transf., in gen., to eat, devour (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose): quom socios nostros mandisset impiu' Cyclops, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 817 P.; Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P. (Ann. v. 141 Vahl.):

apros,

Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:

Diomedes immanibus equis mandendos solitus objectare advenas,

to throw to them for food, Mel. 2, 2.— Poet.: mandere humum (like mordere humum), to bite the ground, said of those who fall in battle, Verg. A. 11, 669; so,

compressa aequora,

Val. Fl. 3, 106: corpora Graiorum maerebat mandier igni, to be consumed, Matius in Varr. L. L. 6, § 95 Müll.

mando, ōnis, m. [2. mando], a glutton, gormandizer: mandonum gulae, Lucil. ap. Non. 17, 16; cf. manduco.

ŏb-oedĭo (better than ŏb-ēdĭo, Cic. Rep. 3, 29, 41; Front. Ep. ad Verr. 7 Mai.; id. Fer. Als. 3; cf.: oboedire, obaudire, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll. and Bramb. s. v.— Ante-class. form of the fut., oboedibo: oboedibo tibi, Afran. ap. Non. 507, 30), īvi or ĭi, ītum, īre, 4, v. n. [ob-audio].

In gen. (very rare), to give ear, hearken, listen to one:

alicui,

Nep. Dat. 5, 4.—

Esp.

Prop., of living beings (class.).

To obey, yield obedience to. to be subject to, to serve (freq. and class.; cf.: pareo, obtempero, obsequor).—With dat.:

parere, et oboedire praecepto,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

legi,

Nep. Epam. 8, 1:

voluntati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 19:

obtemperare et oboedire magistratibus,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

qui nobis oboediunt,

id. Rep. 3, 29, 41:

impulsu libidinum voluptatibus oboedientium,

id. ib. 6, 26, 28:

pecora ventri oboedientia,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

multorum oboedire tempori,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242.— Impers. pass.:

utrimque enixe oboeditum dictatori est,

Liv. 4, 26.—

To be obedient in any thing (post-class.).—With acc. of neutr. pron.:

atque haec omnia perfacile oboediebam,

App. M. 10, p. 247, 11.— Absol., Suet. Calig. 29.—

Meton., of things, to yield, be manageable:

ramus oleae quam maxime sequax, atque oboediturus,

yielding, flexible, Plin. 17, 19, 30, § 137.— Hence, ŏboedĭens ( ŏbēd-), entis, P. a.

Prop., of living beings, obedient, compliant (freq. and class.).

With dat.:

nulli est naturae oboediens aut subjectus deus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 30, 77:

natio semper oboediens huic imperio,

id. Pis. 34, 84:

appetitum rationi oboedientem praebere,

id. Off. 1, 36, 132:

vivere oboedientem alicui,

Sall. J. 31, 26.— Comp.:

imperiis nemo oboedientior,

Liv. 25, 38, 7.— Sup.:

imperiis oboedientissimus miles,

Liv. 7, 13, 2.—

With ad:

ad nova consilia gentem oboedientem habere,

Liv. 28, 16.—Particular phrases.

Dicto oboedientem esse alicui for dicto audientem esse alicui, to be obedient to one's word or command:

magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 35; cf.:

nec plebs nobis dicto audiens atque oboediens sit,

Liv. 38, 7. —

Omnia secunda et oboedientia sunt, according to your wishes, Sall. J. 14, 19.—

Absol.:

cujus vis omnis in consensu oboedientium esset,

the obedient, Liv. 2, 59, 4.—

Transf., of things, yielding, manageable:

oboedientissima quocumque in opere fraxinus,

i. e. easily wrought, Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 228.—Hence, adv.: ŏboedĭ-enter, obediently, willingly, readily (a favorite word of Livy; elsewh. very rare): conferre tributum, Liv. 5, 12:

facere imperata,

id. 21, 34:

facere adversus aliquem,

id. 39, 53.— Comp.:

nihil oboedientius fecerunt, quam, etc.,

Liv. 38, 34.— Sup.: oboedientissime paruit, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 8.

ŏb-oedĭo (better than ŏb-ēdĭo, Cic. Rep. 3, 29, 41; Front. Ep. ad Verr. 7 Mai.; id. Fer. Als. 3; cf.: oboedire, obaudire, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll. and Bramb. s. v.— Ante-class. form of the fut., oboedibo: oboedibo tibi, Afran. ap. Non. 507, 30), īvi or ĭi, ītum, īre, 4, v. n. [ob-audio].

In gen. (very rare), to give ear, hearken, listen to one:

alicui,

Nep. Dat. 5, 4.—

Esp.

Prop., of living beings (class.).

To obey, yield obedience to. to be subject to, to serve (freq. and class.; cf.: pareo, obtempero, obsequor).—With dat.:

parere, et oboedire praecepto,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

legi,

Nep. Epam. 8, 1:

voluntati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 19:

obtemperare et oboedire magistratibus,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

qui nobis oboediunt,

id. Rep. 3, 29, 41:

impulsu libidinum voluptatibus oboedientium,

id. ib. 6, 26, 28:

pecora ventri oboedientia,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

multorum oboedire tempori,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242.— Impers. pass.:

utrimque enixe oboeditum dictatori est,

Liv. 4, 26.—

To be obedient in any thing (post-class.).—With acc. of neutr. pron.:

atque haec omnia perfacile oboediebam,

App. M. 10, p. 247, 11.— Absol., Suet. Calig. 29.—

Meton., of things, to yield, be manageable:

ramus oleae quam maxime sequax, atque oboediturus,

yielding, flexible, Plin. 17, 19, 30, § 137.— Hence, ŏboedĭens ( ŏbēd-), entis, P. a.

Prop., of living beings, obedient, compliant (freq. and class.).

With dat.:

nulli est naturae oboediens aut subjectus deus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 30, 77:

natio semper oboediens huic imperio,

id. Pis. 34, 84:

appetitum rationi oboedientem praebere,

id. Off. 1, 36, 132:

vivere oboedientem alicui,

Sall. J. 31, 26.— Comp.:

imperiis nemo oboedientior,

Liv. 25, 38, 7.— Sup.:

imperiis oboedientissimus miles,

Liv. 7, 13, 2.—

With ad:

ad nova consilia gentem oboedientem habere,

Liv. 28, 16.—Particular phrases.

Dicto oboedientem esse alicui for dicto audientem esse alicui, to be obedient to one's word or command:

magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 35; cf.:

nec plebs nobis dicto audiens atque oboediens sit,

Liv. 38, 7. —

Omnia secunda et oboedientia sunt, according to your wishes, Sall. J. 14, 19.—

Absol.:

cujus vis omnis in consensu oboedientium esset,

the obedient, Liv. 2, 59, 4.—

Transf., of things, yielding, manageable:

oboedientissima quocumque in opere fraxinus,

i. e. easily wrought, Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 228.—Hence, adv.: ŏboedĭ-enter, obediently, willingly, readily (a favorite word of Livy; elsewh. very rare): conferre tributum, Liv. 5, 12:

facere imperata,

id. 21, 34:

facere adversus aliquem,

id. 39, 53.— Comp.:

nihil oboedientius fecerunt, quam, etc.,

Liv. 38, 34.— Sup.: oboedientissime paruit, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 8.

ob-stringo, strinxi, strictum, 3, v. a.

To bind to or about; to bind, tie, or fasten up (rare):

follem obstringit ob gulam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23:

quom ego Amphitruonem collo hinc obstricto traham,

id. Am. 3, 2, 72:

cervice obstrictā,

Juv. 10, 88:

tauros aratro,

to yoke, Val. Fl. 7, 602.—

To bind, bind up, close up by binding.

Lit. (rare):

laqueo collum,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 12. —

Transf.

To shut in, confine:

ventos,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 4:

viminibus,

Col. 4, 29.—

To hold together by:

purpurea vestis ingentibus obstricta gemmis,

in which precious stones were the fastenings, Flor. 4, 11, 3.—

Trop., to bind, tie, fetter, hamper; to oblige, lay under obligation (the class. signif. of the word;

syn.: obligo, devincio): donis aliquem obstringere,

Cic. Clu. 66, 190:

civitatem jurejurando,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

legibus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132:

foedere,

id. Pis. 13, 29:

aliquem aere alieno,

to bring into debt, id. Fam. 11, 10, 5:

jurejurando,

to bind by an oath, Tac. A. 1, 14:

animam suam,

Vulg. Num. 30, 9:

quam plurimas civitates suo sibi beneficio habere obstrictas volebat,

bound, under obligation, Caes. B. G. 1, 9:

Atticum officiis,

Cic. Fam. 3, 18, 2:

qui se tot sceleribus obstrinxerit,

has been guilty of so many crimes, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 8:

se parricidio,

to commit, perpetrate, id. Phil. 11, 12, 29:

se perjurio,

Liv. 26, 48:

aliquem conscientiā,

to bind by privity, by participation, Tac. H. 4, 55: obstringi conscientiā tanti sceleris, ne, etc., to be hindered by the sense of so great a crime, from, etc., Liv. 4, 17, 5:

aliquem societate scelerum,

Tac. A. 4, 57:

fidem suam alicui,

to pledge one's word, to promise positively, Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11; cf. Just. 2, 15, 14.—Mid.: qui alienum... sustulit, furti obstringitur, makes himself guilty, becomes guilty, Sabin. ap. Gell. 11, 18, 21:

eidem sceleri obstrictus est,

Lact. 3, 18, 6.—Hence, obstrictus, a, um, P. a.; according to III., bound, obliged.— Comp.:

obstrictior Debitor,

Paul. Nol. Nat. Felic. 9, 145.—Hence, obstrictē, adv.; comp.: obstrictius, more stringently, Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 24.

ob-stringo, strinxi, strictum, 3, v. a.

To bind to or about; to bind, tie, or fasten up (rare):

follem obstringit ob gulam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23:

quom ego Amphitruonem collo hinc obstricto traham,

id. Am. 3, 2, 72:

cervice obstrictā,

Juv. 10, 88:

tauros aratro,

to yoke, Val. Fl. 7, 602.—

To bind, bind up, close up by binding.

Lit. (rare):

laqueo collum,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 12. —

Transf.

To shut in, confine:

ventos,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 4:

viminibus,

Col. 4, 29.—

To hold together by:

purpurea vestis ingentibus obstricta gemmis,

in which precious stones were the fastenings, Flor. 4, 11, 3.—

Trop., to bind, tie, fetter, hamper; to oblige, lay under obligation (the class. signif. of the word;

syn.: obligo, devincio): donis aliquem obstringere,

Cic. Clu. 66, 190:

civitatem jurejurando,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

legibus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132:

foedere,

id. Pis. 13, 29:

aliquem aere alieno,

to bring into debt, id. Fam. 11, 10, 5:

jurejurando,

to bind by an oath, Tac. A. 1, 14:

animam suam,

Vulg. Num. 30, 9:

quam plurimas civitates suo sibi beneficio habere obstrictas volebat,

bound, under obligation, Caes. B. G. 1, 9:

Atticum officiis,

Cic. Fam. 3, 18, 2:

qui se tot sceleribus obstrinxerit,

has been guilty of so many crimes, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 8:

se parricidio,

to commit, perpetrate, id. Phil. 11, 12, 29:

se perjurio,

Liv. 26, 48:

aliquem conscientiā,

to bind by privity, by participation, Tac. H. 4, 55: obstringi conscientiā tanti sceleris, ne, etc., to be hindered by the sense of so great a crime, from, etc., Liv. 4, 17, 5:

aliquem societate scelerum,

Tac. A. 4, 57:

fidem suam alicui,

to pledge one's word, to promise positively, Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11; cf. Just. 2, 15, 14.—Mid.: qui alienum... sustulit, furti obstringitur, makes himself guilty, becomes guilty, Sabin. ap. Gell. 11, 18, 21:

eidem sceleri obstrictus est,

Lact. 3, 18, 6.—Hence, obstrictus, a, um, P. a.; according to III., bound, obliged.— Comp.:

obstrictior Debitor,

Paul. Nol. Nat. Felic. 9, 145.—Hence, obstrictē, adv.; comp.: obstrictius, more stringently, Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 24.

pĭlus, i, m., a hair (syn.: villus, seta).

Lit.:

capra pilos ministrat ad usum nauticum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11:

munitae sunt palpebrae vallo pilorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

caudae pilos equinae vellere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 45:

duris aspera crura pilis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 194:

contra pilum equum fricare, Pelag. Vet. 26: in capite homini plurimus pilus,

Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 130.—Prov.:

non minus molestum est calvis quam comatis pilos velli,

Sen. Tranq. An. 8, 2, 3:

propius quidem est a sole mons quam campus aut valles, sed sic, quomodo est pilus pilo crassior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 11, 4.—

Transf.

Collect., hair, the hair:

fruticante pilo neglecta et squalida crura,

Juv. 9, 15.—

As a designation of insignificance, a hair, a trifle; usually joined with a negative, not a hair, not a bit, not a whit (class.):

ego ne pilo quidem minus me amabo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 5:

interea e Cappadociā ne pilum quidem,

id. Att. 5, 20, 6:

ne ullum pilum viri boni habere dicatur,

has not a hair of a good man about him, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

non facit pili cohortem,

does not value it a straw, Cat. 10, 13; cf.:

nec pili facit uni,

cares not a pin about it, id. 17, 16.—In plur., a garment or fabric made of hair:

vestitus pilis cameli,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 6.

pīlus, i, m. [pilum], regularly joined with primus: primus pilus (in the gen. written also as one word, primipili), the division of the triarii in the Roman army:

P. Sextius Baculus, primi pili centurio,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5; id. B. C. 1, 13: T. Balventius, qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat, had been leader, captain of the triarii, id. B. G. 5, 35; Liv. 42, 34, 11: aliquem ad primum pilum transducere, to transfer, advance to the triarii, Caes. B. C. 3, 53, 5: primos pilos ademit, took the command of the triarii, of the primipili, Suet. Calig. 44:

vetus consuetudo tenuit, ut ex primo principe legionis promeretur centurio primi pili, qui non solum aquilae praeerat, verum etiam quatuor centurias in primā acie gubernabat,

Veg. Mil. 2, 8.—Without primus:

referes pili praemia,

Mart. 6, 58, 10; 1, 32, 3.—

Transf.: primipilus (in inscrr. also written PRIMOPIL, and abbrev. P. P.), the chief centurion of the triarii (the transf. arose from the circumstance that the chief centurion of this division was originally designated by the term primi pili, with the omission of the easily supplied centurio, as is shown by the following citation from Liv. 7, 41, 5;

soon, however, from primi pili, a new word, primipilus or primopilus, was formed): primus centurio erat, quem nunc primi pili appellant,

Liv. 7, 41, 5; 8, 8, 16:

primipilo P. Sext. Baculo vulneribus confecto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

aquilarum altera vix convelli a primipilo potuit,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; Inscr. (of the time of Trajan) Orell. 799: SEX. AVLIENO SEX. F. PRIMOPIL. II., Inscr. (of the time of Tiberius or Caligula) Orell. 3426 M. P.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 3, 3, p. 264.

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

but primus is rarely used for prior,

Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).

In gen.:

qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

primae litterae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

primus inter homines nobilissimos,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

primi ex omnibus philosophis,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

primus de mille fuisses,

Ov. H. 17, 105:

in primis,

among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

in primis stetit,

id. Epam. 10, 3:

in primis pugnantes,

Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

Quint. 3, 1, 8.—

In partic.

In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

in primā provinciā,

at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

digitus,

the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

primā statim nocte,

at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

sol,

i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

luna,

i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

primo quoque tempore,

at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

primo quoque die,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

me tibi primum quidque concedente,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

hoc a primo cogitavit,

id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

id a primo rectissime dicitur,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

equites in primo late ire jubet,

in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

Cic. Or. 64, 215. —

First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

sui municipii facile primus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

homo,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

primis urbis placuisse,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

juvenum primi,

Verg. A. 9, 785:

est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

quia sum apud te primus,

I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

primus humani generis,

Sil. 17, 255:

urbem Italiae primam,

Petr. 116:

praedium,

Cato, R. R. 1:

suavia prima habere,

to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

cura,

a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

primas partes, or primas agere,

to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

primas tenere,

to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

in primis lautus eques,

Nep. Att. 13, 1:

oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

homo in primis improbissimus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

68: vir magnus in primis,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

in primis... dein,

first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).

prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.

In gen.:

aedes primo ruere rebamur,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

primo non accredidit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

id. Them. 6, 5:

contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—

With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

Sall. C. 10, 3:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

primo... deinde,

Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

Cels. 5, 26, 34:

primo... inde,... hinc,

Liv. 30, 11, 6:

haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

Sall. C. 10, 6:

dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

Liv. 26, 39:

primo... mox,

id. 1, 50:

primo... mox deinde,

Just. 1, 3:

primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

Sall. J. 111, 2:

neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—

(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

primo... iterum,

Liv. 2, 51:

primo... rursus,

Suet. Aug. 17:

primo... secundo,

Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—

prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).

In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

primum... deinde... deinde,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

primum... subinde,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

primum... mox,

id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—

Without other adverbs.

In gen.:

quaerenda pecunia primum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

te Quicumque primum Produxit,

id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—

Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—

With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.

Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—

Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—

With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—

With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

hodie primum ire in ganeum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

quo die primum convocati su mus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—

prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—

prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

but primus is rarely used for prior,

Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).

In gen.:

qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

primae litterae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

primus inter homines nobilissimos,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

primi ex omnibus philosophis,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

primus de mille fuisses,

Ov. H. 17, 105:

in primis,

among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

in primis stetit,

id. Epam. 10, 3:

in primis pugnantes,

Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

Quint. 3, 1, 8.—

In partic.

In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

in primā provinciā,

at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

digitus,

the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

primā statim nocte,

at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

sol,

i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

luna,

i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

primo quoque tempore,

at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

primo quoque die,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

me tibi primum quidque concedente,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

hoc a primo cogitavit,

id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

id a primo rectissime dicitur,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

equites in primo late ire jubet,

in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

Cic. Or. 64, 215. —

First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

sui municipii facile primus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

homo,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

primis urbis placuisse,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

juvenum primi,

Verg. A. 9, 785:

est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

quia sum apud te primus,

I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

primus humani generis,

Sil. 17, 255:

urbem Italiae primam,

Petr. 116:

praedium,

Cato, R. R. 1:

suavia prima habere,

to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

cura,

a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

primas partes, or primas agere,

to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

primas tenere,

to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

in primis lautus eques,

Nep. Att. 13, 1:

oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

homo in primis improbissimus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

68: vir magnus in primis,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

in primis... dein,

first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).

prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.

In gen.:

aedes primo ruere rebamur,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

primo non accredidit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

id. Them. 6, 5:

contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—

With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

Sall. C. 10, 3:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

primo... deinde,

Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

Cels. 5, 26, 34:

primo... inde,... hinc,

Liv. 30, 11, 6:

haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

Sall. C. 10, 6:

dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

Liv. 26, 39:

primo... mox,

id. 1, 50:

primo... mox deinde,

Just. 1, 3:

primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

Sall. J. 111, 2:

neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—

(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

primo... iterum,

Liv. 2, 51:

primo... rursus,

Suet. Aug. 17:

primo... secundo,

Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—

prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).

In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

primum... deinde... deinde,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

primum... subinde,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

primum... mox,

id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—

Without other adverbs.

In gen.:

quaerenda pecunia primum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

te Quicumque primum Produxit,

id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—

Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—

With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.

Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—

Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—

With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—

With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

hodie primum ire in ganeum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

quo die primum convocati su mus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—

prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—

prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

but primus is rarely used for prior,

Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).

In gen.:

qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

primae litterae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

primus inter homines nobilissimos,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

primi ex omnibus philosophis,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

primus de mille fuisses,

Ov. H. 17, 105:

in primis,

among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

in primis stetit,

id. Epam. 10, 3:

in primis pugnantes,

Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

Quint. 3, 1, 8.—

In partic.

In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

in primā provinciā,

at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

digitus,

the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

primā statim nocte,

at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

sol,

i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

luna,

i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

primo quoque tempore,

at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

primo quoque die,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

me tibi primum quidque concedente,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

hoc a primo cogitavit,

id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

id a primo rectissime dicitur,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

equites in primo late ire jubet,

in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

Cic. Or. 64, 215. —

First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

sui municipii facile primus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

homo,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

primis urbis placuisse,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

juvenum primi,

Verg. A. 9, 785:

est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

quia sum apud te primus,

I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

primus humani generis,

Sil. 17, 255:

urbem Italiae primam,

Petr. 116:

praedium,

Cato, R. R. 1:

suavia prima habere,

to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

cura,

a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

primas partes, or primas agere,

to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

primas tenere,

to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

in primis lautus eques,

Nep. Att. 13, 1:

oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

homo in primis improbissimus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

68: vir magnus in primis,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

in primis... dein,

first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).

prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.

In gen.:

aedes primo ruere rebamur,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

primo non accredidit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

id. Them. 6, 5:

contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—

With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

Sall. C. 10, 3:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

primo... deinde,

Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

Cels. 5, 26, 34:

primo... inde,... hinc,

Liv. 30, 11, 6:

haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

Sall. C. 10, 6:

dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

Liv. 26, 39:

primo... mox,

id. 1, 50:

primo... mox deinde,

Just. 1, 3:

primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

Sall. J. 111, 2:

neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—

(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

primo... iterum,

Liv. 2, 51:

primo... rursus,

Suet. Aug. 17:

primo... secundo,

Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—

prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).

In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

primum... deinde... deinde,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

primum... subinde,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

primum... mox,

id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—

Without other adverbs.

In gen.:

quaerenda pecunia primum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

te Quicumque primum Produxit,

id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—

Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—

With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.

Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—

Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—

With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—

With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

hodie primum ire in ganeum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

quo die primum convocati su mus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—

prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—

prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.

Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.

Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:

nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,

Lucr. 2, 1137. —

Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):

compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,

id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:

id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,

Liv. 38, 50:

prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,

id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:

ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,

Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,

Cels. 4, 4, 5:

prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—

Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:

PRO SALVTEM SVAM,

Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.

Lit., of place:

sedens pro aede Castoris,

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:

praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

pro castris copias habere,

id. ib. 7, 66:

pro castris dimicare,

id. ib. 5, 16:

pro oppido,

id. ib. 7, 71:

pro opere consistere,

Sall. J. 92, 9:

castra pro moenibus locata,

Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:

pro muro,

id. 30, 10:

pro castris explicare aciem,

id. 6, 23:

pro vallo,

Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:

Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,

before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,

before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—

In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:

pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,

Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:

pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,

id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,

pro tribunali,

id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:

laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,

Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:

pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,

Liv. 7, 7:

fortes viros pro contione donantis,

Curt. 10, 5, 10:

pro contione litteras recitare,

id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:

pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,

Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:

pro comitio,

Suet. Aug. 43:

uti pro consilio imperatum erat,

in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:

supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,

Liv. 38, 36:

pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,

Gell. 11, 3, 2:

pro collegio pronuntiare,

Liv. 4, 26, 9:

suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,

id. 39, 5:

pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,

before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:

legionem pro ripā componere,

id. ib. 12, 29:

velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,

in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,

pro muris,

id. A. 2, 81:

ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,

standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—

Transf.

To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):

veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:

hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

id. Clu. 32, 88:

difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,

Sen. Prov. 3, 2:

haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,

Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,

Cic. Sest. 2, 3:

omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,

id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,

id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:

pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

id. ib. 4, 1, 14:

spondere levi pro paupere,

id. A. P. 423:

urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,

Sall. J. 88, 4:

nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 12:

et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,

id. 39, 30, 3:

pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—

With the notion of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for.

In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:

ego pro te molam,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,

id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:

libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,

id. ib. 45, 154:

pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:

pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,

Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:

pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,

Liv. 22, 1, 2.—

Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:

cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:

cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,

instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),

id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:

litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,

id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—

So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:

tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:

pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:

dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:

pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,

Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,

Liv. 7, 19, 3:

vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,

Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:

pro crimine poenas,

Ov. Ib. 621.—

Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:

pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:

sese ducit pro adulescentulo,

id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:

hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,

as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:

Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,

whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:

P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,

id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:

cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,

as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:

negotia pro solatiis accipiens,

Tac. A. 4, 13:

consuli pro hostibus esse,

Liv. 43, 5, 4:

adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,

as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—

Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:

ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:

pro eo ac si concessum sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,

Dig. 28, 1, 22:

pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,

ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:

pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,

Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —

On account of, for the sake of:

dolor pro patriā,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,

id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):

dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:

aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,

Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:

pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,

Suet. Aug. 57:

cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,

Tac. A. 4, 17:

pro bono (= bene),

Sall. J. 22, 4.—

Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:

meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,

according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:

tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):

facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:

agere pro viribus,

Cic. Sen. 9, 27:

aliquem pro dignitate laudare,

id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:

proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,

Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:

quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,

Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:

nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,

id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:

pro tuā prudentiā,

Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:

cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:

quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:

pro se quisque,

each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:

pro tempore et pro re,

according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

pro facultatibus,

Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:

eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,

Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:

equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,

id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.

pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.

prō (less correctly prōh), interj., an exclamation of wonder or lamentation, O! Ah! Alas! (class.).

With nom.:

proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:

pro supreme Juppiter,

id. ib. 2, 1, 42:

pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!

id. ib. 3, 3, 12:

pro di immortales,

id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

pro curia inversique mores!

Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:

pro scelus,

Mart. 2, 46, 8.—

Parenthet.:

pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,

Ov. M. 13, 758:

et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,

id. H. 3, 98:

tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,

Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—

With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:

pro deum atque hominum,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:

pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—

With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.

prorsus (collat. form prōsus, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 2; Enn. ap. Non. 165, 11; Trag. Rel. p. 28 Rib.; but p. 107 Vahl. reads prorsus), adv. [for pro-versus].

Forwards (ante-class.):

non prorsus, verum transvorsus cedit, quasi cancer solet,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45.—

Straight on, right onwards, directly (ante- and post-class.), Cato ap. Fest. p. 234 Müll.:

tunc Arionem prorsus ex eo loco Corinthum petivisse,

Gell. 16, 19, 17.—

Trop.

Straightway, by all means, certainly, truly, precisely, utterly, absolutely (class.):

prorsus perii,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 27:

vide ne ille huc prorsus se inruat,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 11; 3, 2, 26:

prorsus tacere nequeo,

id. Hec. 4, 4, 51: ita [p. 1474] prorsus existimo, Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

nullo modo potest fleri prosus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 2:

nullo modo prorsus assentior,

Cic. N. D. 3, 8, 21; id. Att. 13, 45, 1:

verbum prorsus nullum intellego,

not a single word, id. de Or. 2, 14, 61:

venies exspectatus non solum nobis, sed prorsus omnibus,

id. Fam. 4, 10, 1:

affatim prorsus,

id. Att. 16, 1, 5:

prorsus vehementer et severe,

id. ib. 16, 15, 2:

hoc mihi prorsus valde placet,

id. Fam. 6, 20, 2; Plin. 14, 5, 7, § 58.—Ironically:

grati prorsus conjugibus revertemur,

Curt. 5, 5, 13.—

Exactly, just, precisely:

set ea prorsus opportuna Catilinae,

Sall. C. 16, 5; Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 dub.;

v. Müll. ad h. l.: prorsus quasi,

precisely as if, Just. 1, 7, 16.—

After an enumeration of particulars, in short, in fine, in a word: igitur colos exsanguis, foedi oculi: citus modo, modo tardus incessus;

prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat,

Sall. C. 15, 5; 25, 5; id. J. 23, 1; 30, 3 al.

prorsus (collat. form prōsus; v. II.), a, um, adj. [for pro-versus].

Straightforwards, right onwards, straight, direct (post-Aug.):

prorso tramite siste gradus (al. proso),

Avien. 3:

prorsi limites appellantur in agrorum mensuris, qui ad orientem directi sunt,

Fest. p. 234, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 235 Müll.—

Trop., of style, straightforwards, i. e. prosaic, in prose, opp. to verse (post-class.): prorsum est porro versum, id est ante versum. Hinc et prorsa oratio, quam non inflexit cantilena, Don. Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 14:

et prorsa et vorsa facundia veneratus sum,

in prose and verse, App. Flor. 4, p. 361, 36.—In this sense predominant (but not found in Cic.) in the form prosa oratio, prose, =soluta oratio, Quint. 1, 5, 18; 11, 2, 39:

prosa eloquentia,

Vell. 1, 17, 3; Sen. ap. Gell. 12, 2, 6; Col. 11, 1, 1; Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112.— Subst.: prōsa, ae, f., prose, Quint. 1, 8, 2; 8, 6, 17; 20; 9, 4, 52 et saep.

rĕ-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 ( fut. apoc. recipie, for recipiam, Cato ap. Fest. p. 138 and 236 Müll.; v. dico init.:

recepso, for recepero,

Cat. 44, 19), v. a. [capio].

To take back, get back, bring back; to retake, regain, recover.

Lit. (very freq. and class.):

dandis recipiendisque meritis,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26:

tu me sequere ad trapezitam... recipe actutum,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49 (just before, ni argentum refers); cf.:

centum talenta et credidisse eos constat, et non recepisse,

Quint. 5, 10, 111; and (opp. mutuum dare) Mart. 3, 40, 4:

si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8 fin.:

obsides,

Suet. Aug. 21:

reges,

Liv. 2, 15:

recepto amico,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 27; 4, 2, 47. — Freq. of places, etc., once captured and lost, to retake:

cum Tarento amisso... aliquot post annos Maximus id oppidum recepisset... nunquam ego (Tarentum) recepissem, nisi tu perdidisses,

Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 273; cf. id. Sen. 4, 11:

Lavinium,

Liv. 2, 39;

so of other things: recipere suas res amissas,

Liv. 3, 63:

praeda omnis recepta est,

id. 3, 3:

signa, quae ademerant Parthi,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Liv. 9, 11; Curt. 4, 12, 17: pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem Condidit assurgenti, et multā morte recepit, drew out again, = retraxit, Verg. A. 9, 348; so,

sagittam ab alterā parte,

Cels. 7, 5, 2: suos omnes incolumes receperunt (sc. ex oppido in castra), drew off, withdrew, = reduxerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 12 fin.; so,

milites defessos,

id. B. C. 1, 45 fin.:

exercitum,

Liv. 10, 42:

equitatum navibus ad se intra munitiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 58:

illum ego... medio ex hoste recepi,

bore away, rescued, Verg. A. 6, 111.—

With se, to draw back, withdraw from or to any place, to betake one ' s self anywhere; in milit. lang., to retire, retreat:

se ex eo loco,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 10; cf.:

se e fano,

id. Poen. 4, 1, 5:

se ex opere,

id. Men. 5, 3, 7:

se ex hisce locis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 21:

se e Siciliā,

id. Brut. 92, 318:

se ex fugā,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 102:

se inde,

id. B. G. 5, 15:

se hinc,

id. B. C. 1, 45 et saep.:

recipe te,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 8:

se,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45 (just before, reverti); Caes. B. C. 3, 45 (coupled with loco excedere); 3, 46; cf.:

sui recipiendi facultas,

id. B. G. 3, 4 fin.; 6, 37;

for which: se recipiendi spatium,

Liv. 10, 28:

recipe te ad erum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 20:

se ad dominum,

id. ib. 4, 3, 1:

se ad nos,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 2:

se ad suos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46; 7, 82; id. B. C. 3, 38; 3, 50; 3, 52 fin.:

se ad Caesarem (Allobroges, legati),

id. B. G. 1, 11; 4, 38:

se ad agmen,

id. ib. 7, 13; id. B. C. 3, 75 fin.:

se penitus ad extremos fines,

id. B. G. 6, 10:

se ad legionem,

id. ib. 7, 50 fin.:

se ad oppidum llerdam,

id. B. C. 1, 45:

se ad ordines suos,

id. ib. 2, 41:

se ad signa,

id. B. G. 5, 34 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 43 fin.:

se a pabulo ad stabulum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 33:

inde se in currus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin.:

se ex castris in oppidum,

id. B. C. 2, 35:

se in castra,

id. B. G. 2. 11 fin.; 2, 24; 3, 6; 3, 26 fin.;

4, 15 et saep.: se in fines,

id. ib. 4, 16:

se in Galliam,

id. ib. 4, 19 fin.:

se in montem,

id. ib. 1, 25: se in antiquas munitiones, id. B. C. 3, 54 fin.:

se in silvas ad suos,

id. B. G. 2, 19:

se in castra ad urbem,

id. B. C. 2, 25; 2, 26; cf.:

se retro in castra,

Liv. 23, 36;

and with this cf.: sese retro in Bruttios,

id. 23, 37;

and so, se, with rursus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 25; id. Pers. 4, 5, 6; id. Rud. 4, 6, 19; Caes. B. G. 5, 34 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 41 et saep.:

se in novissimos,

Liv. 7, 40:

se intra munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; cf.:

se intra montes,

id. B. C. 1, 65:

se per declive,

id. ib. 3, 51:

se sub murum,

id. ib. 2, 14:

se trans Rhenum,

id. B. G. 6, 41:

se Larissam versus,

id. B. C. 3, 97:

se domum ex hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 52:

se domum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 31; id. Capt. 1, 2, 25; id. Aul. 2, 1, 55:

se Adrumetum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 23:

se Hispalim,

id. ib. 2, 20:

se Dyrrhachium ad Pompeium,

id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:

se illuc,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 10; id. Merc. 5, 2, 40; id. Ps. 3, 1, 23 al.; cf.:

se huc esum ad praesepim suam,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 13:

se eo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25 et saep. — In the same meaning, without se: neque sepulcrum, quo recipiat, habeat portum corporis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 415 Vahl.); cf.

of a military retreat: si quo erat longius prodeundum aut celerius recipiendum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48 fin.; so without se after the verbum finitum several times in Plaut.:

rursum in portum recipimus,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 60:

dum recipis,

id. Rud. 3, 6, 42:

actutum face recipias,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 30. —

Transf.

In business lang., to keep back, retain, reserve (cf. Gell. 17, 6, 6):

posticulum hoc recepit, quom aedis vendidit,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157; so in a sale, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226; Cic. Top. 26, 100; Dig. 19, 1, 53; 8, 4, 10: mulier magnam dotem dat et magnam pecuniam recipit, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 6, 8. — With object-clause, Cato, R. R. 149, 2. — With dat.:

aqua, itinere, actu domini usioni recipitur,

Cato, R. R. 149, 2.—

To restore (late Lat.):

urbem munitissimam,

to fortify anew, Amm. 16, 3, 2. —

Trop., to get back, bring back; to receive again, regain, recover:

ut antiquam frequentiam recipere vastam ac desertam bellis urbem paterentur,

Liv. 24, 3:

jus,

Quint. 5, 10, 118:

et totidem, quot dixit, verba recepit,

got back, Ov. M. 3, 384:

quam (vitam) postquam recepi,

received again, id. ib. 15, 535: anhelitum, to recover one ' s breath, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 21; id. Merc. 3, 4, 16; cf.

spiritum,

Quint. 11, 3, 55:

animam,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 26; Quint. 6, prooem. §

13: a tanto pavore recipere animos,

Liv. 21, 5, 16 Weissenb.:

a pavore animum,

id. 2, 50, 10:

e pavore recepto animo,

id. 44, 10, 1;

for which: animos ex pavore,

id. 21, 5 fin.:

recepto animo,

Curt. 6, 9, 2; 9, 5, 29:

animum vultumque,

Ov. F. 4, 615:

mente receptā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 104:

(vocem) ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipere,

to bring it back, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251. —

In zeugma (cf. I. A. supra): arma et animos,

Curt. 4, 12, 17.—

With se.

To betake one ' s self, withdraw, retire from or to any place:

ad ingenium vetus versutum te recipis tuum,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 7:

ad frugem bonam,

Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

ad reliquam cogitationem belli,

Caes. B. C. 3, 17 fin.:

se a voluptatibus in otium,

Plin. Pan. 82, 8:

se in principem,

to resume his princely air, id. ib. 76, 5.— More freq.,

To recover, to collect one ' s self:

difficulter se recipiunt,

regain strength, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 17:

quae cum intuerer stupens, ut me recepi, Quis hic, inquam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18:

nullum spatium respirandi recipiendique se dedit,

Liv. 10, 28:

se ex terrore ac fugā,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

se ex timore,

id. ib. 4, 34:

se ex fugā,

id. ib. 4, 27:

nondum totā me mente recepi,

Ov. M. 5, 275.

(Acc. to re, I. b.) To take to one ' s self, admit, accept, receive; constr. with the simple acc., with ad, or in and acc., in and abl., with simple abl., with a local acc.

Lit.

With simple acc.:

quos homines quondam Laurentis terra recepit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p 762 P. (Ann. v. 35 Vahl.): (ego) excludor, ille recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 79:

aliquem,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48:

hic nulla munitio est, quae perterritos recipiat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 39; cf.:

hos tutissimus portus recipiebat,

id. B. C. 3, 27; 1, 15; cf. id. ib. 3, 11 fin.;

3, 35: eum Jugurtha accuratissime recepit,

Sall. J. 16, 3:

neque quisquam aut expulsus invidiosius aut receptus est laetius,

Vell. 2, 45, 3; Quint. 7, 1, 14; 9, 2, 89:

nisi nos vicina Trivici Villa recepisset,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 80 [p. 1533] et saep.:

quisnam istic fluvius est, quem non recipiat mare?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 86; cf. Caes. B. G. 4, 10; and:

(Peneus) accipit amnem Orcon nec recipit,

i. e. does not take it to itself, does not mingle with it, Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31:

equus frenum recepit,

received, submitted to, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 36:

necesse erat, ab latere aperto tela recipi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35. —

With ad:

recipe me ad te,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 9; id. Am. 3, 2, 11; id. Rud. 2, 3, 20; id. Ps. 3, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 6; Suet. Caes. 63:

aliquem ad epulas,

Cic. Top. 5, 25; cf.:

ad lusum,

Suet. Ner. 11. —

With in and acc.:

recipe me in tectum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 16:

concubinam in aedes,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 3:

nos in custodiam tuam,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 34:

Tarquinium in civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31; Liv. 2, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 6:

aliquem in ordinem senatorium,

Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15:

aliquem in fidem,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2; id. Att. 15, 14, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 15; 4, 22:

aliquem in civitatem,

Cic. Balb. 12, 29:

aliquem in caelum,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 39:

aliquem in deditionem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 21 fin.; Liv. 8, 13; Suet. Calig. 14 al.:

aliquem in jus dicionemque,

Liv. 21, 61:

aliquem in amicitiam,

Sall. J. 14, 5; 5, 4 Kritz N. cr.:

aliquam in matrimonium,

Suet. Caes. 50; Just. 9, 5, 9 et saep. —

With in and abl. (rare and in purely local relations; v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 4):

aliquem in loco,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 3:

loricati in equis recipiuntur, Auct. B. Hisp. 4, 2: sidera in caelo recepta,

Ov. M. 2, 529 (but in Liv. 24, 32, 6, the correct read. is tuto Hexapylo, without in; v. Weissenb. ad h. l.). —

With simple abl. (mostly in purely local relations):

ut tuo recipias tecto servesque nos,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 18; so,

aliquem tecto,

Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.:

exercitum tectis ac sedibus suis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

aliquem suis urbibus,

id. Fl. 25, 61:

aliquem civitate,

id. Balb. 14, 32:

aliquem finibus suis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 6; 7, 20 fin.:

aliquem oppido ac portu,

id. B. C. 3, 12; 3, 102 fin.:

aliquem moenibus,

Sall. J. 28, 2:

Romulus caelo receptus,

Quint. 3, 7, 5:

receptus Terra Neptunus,

Hor. A. P. 63 et saep. —

With local acc.:

me Acheruntem recipere Orcus noluit,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 68:

aliquem domum suam,

Cic. Arch. 3, 5; cf.:

aliquem domum ad se hospitio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20.—

Absol.:

plerosque hi, qui receperant, celant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76.—

Transf.

In business lang., to take in, receive as the proceeds of any thing:

dena milia sestertia ex melle,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11:

pecuniam ex novis vectigalibus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

pecunia, quae recipi potest,

id. ib. 2, 18, 47. —

In gladiator's lang.: recipe ferrum, receive your death-blow, the cry of the people to a vanquished gladiator whom they were not inclined to spare, Cic. Sest. 37, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 17, 41 Kühn.; Sen. Tranq. 11, 1;

for which: totum telum corpore,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 33; and:

ense recepto,

Luc. 2, 194 Corte.—

Milit. t. t., to seize, capture, take possession of, occupy: mittit in Siciliam Curionem pro praetore cum legionibus duo;

eundem, cum Siciliam recepisset, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

Praeneste non vi, sed per deditionem receptum est,

Liv. 6, 29:

Aegyptum sine certamine,

Just. 11, 11, 1:

eo oppido recepto,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.:

civitatem,

id. ib. 6, 8; 7, 90; id. B. C. 1, 12; 1, 16; 1, 30;

3, 16: Aetoliam,

id. ib. 3, 55:

rempublicam armis,

Sall. C. 11, 4:

Alciden terra recepta vocat,

the subjugated earth, Prop. 5, 9, 38. —

In the later medical lang., of medicines, to receive, i. e. be compounded of various ingredients:

antidotos recipit haec: stoechados, marrubii, etc.,

Scrib. Comp. 106; so id. ib. 27; 28; 37; 52 al. (hence the mod. Lat. receptum, receipt, and recipe).—

Trop.

To take to or upon one ' s self, to assume; to receive, accept, admit, allow, endechomai:

non edepol istaec tua dicta nunc in aures recipio,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 34; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 91:

jusjurandum,

id. 5, 6, 1; 3; cf. id. 7, 1, 24: in semet ipsum religionem recipere, to draw upon one ' s self, Liv. 10, 40:

quae legibus cauta sunt, quae persuasione in mores recepta sunt,

admitted, Quint. 5, 10, 13; cf. id. 10, 7, 15:

antiquitas recepit fabulas... haec aetas autem respuit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10; cf. Quint. 6, 4, 19:

nec inconstantiam virtus recipit nec varietatem natura patitur,

Cic. Rep. 3, 11, 18; cf. Vell. 2, 130, 3: non recipit istam Conjunctionem honestas, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

assentatio nocere nemini potest, nisi ei, qui eam recipit atque eă delectatur,

id. Lael. 26, 97:

timor misericordiam non recipit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 26:

casus recipere (res),

to admit, be liable to, id. B. C. 1, 78; so,

aliquem casum (res),

id. ib. 3, 51:

re jam non ultra recipiente cunctationem,

Liv. 29, 24; Vell. 2, 52, 3:

sed hoc distinctionem recipit,

Just. Inst. 1, 12 pr.:

si recipiatur poëtica fabulositas,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 101:

in hoc genere prorsus recipio hanc brevem annotationem,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; cf. id. 8, 3, 31:

nos necessarios maxime atque in usum receptos (tropos) exequemur,

id. 8, 6, 2; cf. id. 8, 6, 32; 5, 11, 20; 11, 3, 104; so with a subj.-clause, id. 1, 3, 14; 6, 3, 103; Plin. 28, 2, 5, § 24 al.—

Of opinions, etc., to adopt, embrace (late Lat.):

alicujus sententiam,

Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2, 39, 1:

opinionem,

id. Dial. 1, 17, 5.—

In partic.

To take upon one ' s self, undertake, accept the performance of a task consigned or intrusted to one (whereas suscipio denotes, in gen., the voluntary undertaking of any action; cf.:

spondeo, stipulor, polliceor): recepi causam Siciliae... ego tamen hoc onere suscepto et receptā causā Siciliensi amplexus animo sum aliquanto amplius. Suscepi enim causam totius ordinis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

in hoc judicio mihi Siculorum causam receptam, populi Romani susceptam esse videor,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 26; and:

in quo est illa magna offensio vel neglegentiae susceptis rebus vel perfidiae receptis,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 101; cf. also Quint. 12, 1, 39:

verebamini, ne non id facerem, quod recepissem semel?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 9:

causam Sex. Roscii,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 1, 2:

mandatum,

id. ib. 38, 112:

officium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183:

curam ad se,

Suet. Tit. 6.—

To take an obligation upon one ' s self, to pledge one ' s self, pass one ' s word, be surety for a thing, to warrant, promise, engage a thing to any one, = anadechomai (a favorite word of Cic., esp. in his Epistles): Pe. Tute unus si recipere hoc ad te dicis... Pa. Dico et recipio Ad me, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 74; cf.:

ad me recipio: Faciet,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 12:

promitto in meque recipio, fore eum, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 3; cf.:

spondeo in meque recipio eos esse, etc.,

id. ib. 13, 17, 3.—With obj.-clause:

promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; so with hoc, id. Fam. 13, 50, 2 (with spondeo); 6, 12, 3; 13, 41, 2 (with confirmo); id. Att. 5, 13, 2; Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4; Liv. 7, 14 Drak.; 33, 13 fin.:

pro Cassio et te, si quid me velitis recipere, recipiam,

Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 4. — With de:

de aestate polliceris vel potius recipis,

Cic. Att. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 40, 35; cf.

also: sed fidem recepisse sibi et ipsum et Appium de me,

had given him a solemn assurance, Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2.— With dat. (after the analogy of promitto, polliceor, spondeo):

ea, quae tibi promitto ac recipio,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 5; cf.: omnia ei et petenti recepi et ultro pollicitus sum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 1; 7, 1:

mihi,

id. ib. 10, 13, 3; Caes. B. C. 3, 82 fin.:

quid sibi is de me recepisset, in memoriam redegit,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 9.—With dat. and obj.-clause:

mihi in Cumano diligentissime se, ut annui essemus, defensurum receperat,

Cic. Att. 5, 17, 5;

so,

id. Fam. 6, 12, 3 Manut. (with confirmare); 13, 72, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Suet. Caes. 23 fin. —

In jurid. lang.: recipere nomen, of the prætor, to receive or entertain a charge against one, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; 2, 2, 42, § 102; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2; Val. Max. 3, 7, 9;

for which: recipere reum,

Tac. A. 2, 74 fin.; 4, 21:

aliquem inter reos,

id. ib. 3, 70; 13, 10. —Hence,

rĕceptus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 1.), received, usual, current, customary (post-class. and very rare):

auctoritas receptior,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 5: scriptores receptissimi, Sol. praef.—

rĕceptum, i, n. subst. (acc. to II. B. 2. b.), an engagement, obligation, guaranty:

satis est factum Siculis, satis promisso nostro ac recepto,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 53, § 139; cf.:

promissum et receptum intervertit,

id. Phil. 2, 32, 79.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

rĕlĭquus (sometimes written rĕlĭcuus, rell-, -qus, v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 305; Freund ad Cic. Mil. p. 31-34. Rēlĭcŭus as a quadrisyl., Lucr. 1, 560 Munro ad loc.; 4, 976), a, um, adj. [relinquo, I.], that is left or remains, that is left behind, remaining, = relictus (freq. and a good prose word; not found in Cat., Tib., Verg., or Hor.).

With dat.:

hoc mihi unum ex plurimis miseriis reliquom fuerat malum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 55:

ut spes nulla reliqua in te siet tibi,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 9:

potes mulo isto, quem tibi reliquum dicis esse, Romam pervehi,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 4:

quod erant oppida mihi etiam complura reliqua,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65:

quae deprecatio est igitur ei reliqua, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

120: quibus lubido atque luxuria ex magnis rapinis nihil reliqui fecerat,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

reliqua alia optio,

Quint. 7, 7, 8.—

Without a dat., Cato ap. Prisc. p. 696 P.: ne a stirpe genus nostrum interiret et uti aliqua propago generis nostri reliqua esset (just before, restare), C. Gracch. ap. Schol. Cic. Sull. 9, p. 365 Orell.; cf.:

neu causa ulla restet reliqua, Quin, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 11:

ex quā (familiā) reliquus est M. Titurnius Rufus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 39; cf. id. Clu. 7, 22:

reliquos hos esse non ex bello... sed ex tuo scelere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 124; and:

moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; and with this cf. Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 15 (p. 216 Gerl.):

qui lucus in Graeciā totā tam sanctus fuit, in quo ullum simulacrum, ullum ornamentum reliquum sit?

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

si qua reliqua spes est, quae sociorum animos consolari possit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18. — Esp., subst.: rĕlĭquum ( - quom), i, n., that is left, a remainder, residue, rest:

numquam ab amatore suo postulat id, quod datum est, Sed reliquom dat operam, ne sit reliquum,

Plaut. Truc. prol. 15:

quod ad vos, spectatores, reliquum relinquitur, More majorum date plausum, id. Cist. grex 5: ut pernoscatis, ecquid spei sit relicuom,

Ter. And. prol. 25; cf. id. Eun. 5, 5 (6), 26:

addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fuit,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:

quid reliqui'st, quin habeat quae quidem in homine dicuntur bona,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 19:

quid enim est huic reliqui, quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 31, 89:

cum reliqui nihil sit omnino, quod pertinet ad nos,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

quid reliqui habemus praeter,

Sall. C. 20, 13:

nec, quod ab hoste crudelius pati possent, reliqui quicquam fuit,

Liv. 32, 13.— With gen. (syn. reliquiae): illud breve vitae reliquum nec avide adpetendum senibus sit, Cic. Sen. 20, 72:

Agrigentum, quod belli reliquum erat,

i. e. where alone the war was afterwards carried on, Liv. 26, 40; cf., in plur.:

reliqua belli perfecta,

id. 9, 16; and Tac. H. 4, 2:

ubi reliquum vitae degere tuto posset,

Liv. 39, 13:

reliquum dici,

id. 2, 25, 2; 3, 15, 8; 3, 52, 5:

corporis reliqua,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 21 fin. (but in Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 4, the correct read. is:

reliquom vitae spatium, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).— So in late Lat. persaep.: reliqua verborum,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 41:

urbis,

id. 1 Par. 11, 8.—

Partic. constructions.

Reliquum est, ut, or with inf., it remains, that (syn.:

relinquitur, restat, superest): reliquum est, ut officiis certemus inter nos,

Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 1; id. Att. 7, 13, 4; id. Fl. 14, 32; Nep. Att. 21, 5; Quint. 5, 7, 19; cf.:

reliquum est, ubi nunc est res publica, ibi simus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 3 (where B. and K. supply ut, ex conj.); so,

reliquum est, tuam profectionem amore prosequar,

id. ib. 15, 21, 5.—With inf.:

nunc hortari modo reliquum est et ire,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3,22 (p. 232 Gerl.).—

Reliquum (aliquem, aliquid) or aliquid reliqui facere, a periphrase for relinquere, and in the twofold signification of that word.

To leave behind, leave remaining:

ut arent, quibus aratrum saltem aliquod satelles istius Apronius relicum fecit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

quos belli calamitas reliquos fecerat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 53, §

126: haec addita cura vix mihi vitam reliquam fecit,

id. Att. 3, 8, 2:

si quos fortuna fecisset reliquos,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 24 fin.; cf.:

quos reliquos fortuna ex nocturnā caede ac fugā fecerat,

Liv. 9, 24; Curt. 6, 9, 27:

duarum mihi civitatum reliquos feci agros,

i. e. have left to be considered, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104.— Subst.: rĕlĭquum, i, n., a remnant, remainder (cf. 1, b fin. supra):

quod reliquum vitae viriumque fames fecerat, id, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

quod fortuna in malis reliqui fecit, id, etc.,

id. Sull. 32, 89.—

Esp. negatively: te nullum munus officii cuiquam reliquum fecisse,

have left behind you, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 1:

quibus nihil non modo de fructu, sed ne de bonis quidem suis reliqui fecit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

hi milites nihil reliqui victis fecere,

Sall. C. 11, 7 Kritz; cf.: captā urbe nihil fit reliqui victis, id ib. 52, 4:

quibus libido atque luxuria ex magnis rapinis nihil reliqui fecerant,

id. ib. 28, 4; cf. Liv. 7, 35:

ne hoc quidem sibi reliqui facit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2.—

To leave undone, to omit, neglect (rare and perh. only in the historians;

also only negatively): nihil ad celeritatem sibi reliqui fecerunt,

omitted nothing, made every exertion, Caes. B. G. 2, 26 fin.:

prorsus ab utrisque nihil reliquum fieri,

Sall. J. 76, 4:

me nihil reliqui fecisse, quod, etc.,

Nep. Att. 21, 5:

nihil reliqui faciunt, quominus, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 21 fin. —

In partic.

Of time, that is left or remains, future, subsequent:

spe reliquae tranquillitatis,

Cic. Sest. 34, 73:

reliquae vitae dignitas,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

reliqua et sperata gloria,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43: in reliquum tempus vectigalibus prospexi, Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

reliquum in tempus,

id. Agr. 1, 4, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.; 3, 16 fin.; cf.

so, reliquum tempus (opp. praesenti bello),

Nep. Them, 2, 1.—In the neutr. absol.:

numquam ecastor ullo die risi adaeque, neque hoc, quod reliquom est (sc. vitae), plus risuram opinor,

in all my life, to the end of my days, Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 4.—Hence, in reliquum, adverb., for the future, in future, henceforward, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2; Sall. J. 42, 4; Liv. 23, 20; 25, 32; 36, 10 fin. al.—

In mercantile lang., of debts, remaining, outstanding, in arrear:

reliquom, quod ex eo quod debitum reliquom,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 175 Müll.:

nunc quod reliquom restat, volo persolvere,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 40:

quod dedi datum non vellem, quod reliquom est non dabo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 30:

rationes putare argentariam... quid venierit, quid exactum siet, quid reliquum siet,

Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

erat ei de ratiunculā Jampridem apud me reliquom pauxillulum Nummorum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:

ut pecuniam reliquam Buthrotii ad diem solverent,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, § 4 (Cod. Faerni: pecuniae reliquum).—As subst.: rĕlĭqua, ōrum, n. (less freq. rĕlĭquum, i, n.), the remainder of a debt, balance, arrears: reliqua mea Camillus scribit se accepisse, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 19; cf.:

maxime me angit ratio reliquorum meorum,

id. ib. 16, 3, 5:

cum tanta reliqua sint,

id. ib. 16, 15, 4;

15, 15, 3: dum reliqua colonorum minuit ad tempus, vires in posterum exhausit, quarum defectione rursus reliqua creverunt,

Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 6; 9, 37, 2: Sticho reliqua habente, holding a balance, i. e. being in arrears, Dig. 35, 1, 81; so,

reliqua trahere,

ib. 26, 7, 46:

computare,

ib. 40, 7, 34:

in adaerandis reliquorum debitis (= reliquiis debitorum),

Amm. 31, 14, 2; 16, 5, 15.— In sing.:

nisi forte fidejussores minus idonei sunt et in reliquum non exsolutae quantitatis accesserint,

Dig. 49, 14, 45 fin.; Symm. Ep. 10, 47.—Hence, by a lusus verbb., of a narration in arrears, the rest, remainder:

accipite reliquom, alieno uti nil moror,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 16; cf.

also the passage cited above,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 40.

Transf., of that which remains after a part just mentioned, the remaining, the other; and, in the sing., the remainder, the rest of a thing (diff. from ceteri, q. v.).

Plur.:

murus cum Romuli tum etiam reliquorum regum sapientiā definitus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 22:

decemviros... reliquos magistratus,

id. ib. 2, 31, 54; cf.:

Servilius consul reliquique magistratus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

sol dux et princeps et moderator luminum reliquorum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17; cf. id. ib. 6, 9, 9; 6, 20, 22; id. Planc. 1, 3:

ipsum regale genus civitatis haud scio an reliquis simplicibus longe anteponendum,

id. Rep. 2, 23, 43:

res capitales et reliquas omnes judicabant iidem,

id. ib. 3, 35, 48; cf. id. ib. 6, 17, 17; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16:

ad eam sententiam, cum reliquis causis, haec quoque ratio eos deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10:

oppida, vicos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt,

id. ib. 1, 5:

octo cohortes in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio collocat,

Sall. C. 59, 2.—As subst.:

princeps ille (Plato) aream sibi sumpsit, in quā, etc.... Reliqui disseruerunt, etc.,

the others, the rest, Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 21; 1, 4, 7:

in quā (causā) et ipse sentiat et reliqui omnes me, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 15, 1:

aurum perinde aspernantur (Scythae) ac reliqui mortales appetunt,

Just. 2, 2, 7:

deinceps Jovem atque Junonem, reliquos, quos, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 11; cf.

thus, without a copula, Brutorum, C. Cassii, Cn. Domitii, C. Trebonii, reliquorum,

and so forth, id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:

Africanus, cum patria illo modo loquens. reliquaque praeclare,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106, Quint. 9, 4, 124:

si placet, in hunc diem hactenus. Reliqua (satis enim multa restant) differamus in crastinum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 44, 71:

audi reliqua,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 46:

age, ambula, ibique reliqua alia fabulabimur,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 8:

reliqua vaticinationis brevi esse confecta,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68:

aderat janitor carceris et carnifex praetoris, reliqua,

and the like, and so forth, and so on, Quint. 9, 4, 124;

but post-class.: et reliqua,

Vop. Firm. 5 fin. —

Sing.:

corpore relicuo pugnam caedesque petessit,

Lucr. 3, 648 Lachm.:

equitum magno numero ex omni populi summa separato, reliquum populum distribuit in quinque classes, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

scribit Labieno... cum legione ad fines Nerviorum veniat, reliquam partem exercitūs non putat exspectandam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 46 fin.; 1, 18:

neque de frumento reliquoque commeatu satis esse provisum,

id. ib. 3, 3:

militibus quoque equis exceptis reliquam praedam concessimus,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5:

jampridem cupio Alexandream reliquamque Aegyptum visere,

id. ib. 2, 5, 1; cf. id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Rep. 2, 38, 64.— As subst.:

paene oblitus sum, reliquom dicere,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 118; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103:

reliquum temporis cum magnā trepidatione vigilavit,

Suet. Ner. 34:

haec quidem hactenus: quod reliquum est, cottidie tabellarios habebis,

as for the rest, as for what remains, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 3; so,

quod reliquum est,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 2; id. Planc. 10, 11; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 48; cf.:

de reliquo quid tibi ego dicam?

Cic. Att. 16, 13, c, 2; id. Fam. 6, 20, 3; id. de Or. 1, 22, 100.