sēra

ap-pōno ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Lachm., Baiter, Halm; app-, Merk., Kayser, K. and H., Weissenb.), pōsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a. ( perf. apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; App. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; cf. pono), to place, put, or lay at, near or by the side of a thing; to apply to, add, unite, etc. (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: addo, adicio, adjungo).

Lit.

In gen.:

adpone hic mensulam,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:

appositas instruxere epulis mensas,

Ov. M. 8, 570; so id. ib. 8, 831:

sitellam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 11: Sy. Onus urget. Mi. At tu adpone, put it down then, id. Poen. 4, 2, 35:

illam alteram apud me, quod bonist, adponito,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 60:

munera eorum illis apponentur,

Vulg. Bar 6, 26:

At istos rastros interea tamen adpone,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37; so id. And. 4, 3, 10 al.:

aër Omnibus est rebus circumdatus adpositusque,

Lucr. 6, 1036; 3, 373:

omnes columnae machinā appositā dejectae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 144:

notam ad malum versum,

id. Pis. 30; so id. Fam. 13, 6; cf. Suet. Claud. 16: manus ad os (eorum more, qui secreto aliquid narrant, Manut.), Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:

scalis appositis urbem defenderunt,

Liv. 37, 5:

adpositā aure ad glaciem,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: adpositum in mensā lumen, Tac. A. 2, 31:

paenulam ad vulnus,

Suet. Ner. 49 et saep.:

dominum Adpositum flavis in Simoenta vadis,

Prop. 2, 9, 12.—So freq. of the putting on of garments, crowns, etc.:

cur tamen appositā velatur janua lauro,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 39:

gemmas toris,

id. H. 9, 60 Loers; cf.

the same,

id. ib. 7, 100:

meretrix Appositā populum submovet ante serā,

id. Am. 3, 14, 10 (cf.:

ponere seram,

Juv. 6, 347):

candelam valvis,

i. e. to set fire to, Juv. 9, 98 al. —

Esp.

Freq. as t. t. of food, dishes, to serve up, set before one (cf. Gr. paratithêmi;

the simple verb pono is often so used, q. v.): adposita sit cena,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:

apposuit eis mensam,

Vulg. Act. 16, 34:

adpositum est ampliter,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 160:

apposuit patellam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22:

Cenabat apud eum: argentum ille ceterum purum apposuerat, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 22, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Att. 6, 1; 14, 21; Liv. 1, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:

convivis panem et obsonia apponere,

Suet. Calig. 37; id. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 34; id. Galb. 12; Vitr. 13:

Appositaque est eis ciborum magna praeparatio,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 6, 23 al.;

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17; 2, 8, 69 al.—

Aliquem alicui or alicui rei, to appoint or designate one to any service or duty, to place in any station, to join to as an aid:

custodem Tullio me apponite,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; so Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.: adpositus custodiae (dat.), id. ib. 1, 6;

2, 68: accusator apponitur civis Romanus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 74; so id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 41 fin.:

calumniatores,

id. ib. 2, 2, 10:

praevaricatorem,

id. Phil. 2, 11:

non illicitatorem venditor adponet,

id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54:

custodes,

Nep. Dion, 4, 5:

moderator et magister consulibus appositus,

Liv. 2, 18, 6; so,

rectorem,

Suet. Aug. 48:

scrutatores,

id. Claud. 35 al. —

To put to something by way of increase, to add to, superadd (rare; cf.

addo, adicio): nihil his novum adposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; id. Trin. 4, 3, 18:

aetas illi, quos tibi dempserit, adponet annos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 15:

exemplum,

Gell. 1, 13, 9:

si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet Deus super illum etc.,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 18; ib. Gen. 49, 32.—

Trop.

Of the mind, to apply (eccl. Lat.):

appone cor ad doctrinam,

Vulg. Prov. 22, 17:

apposui cor meum, ut etc.,

ib. Eccl. 8, 16.—

In eccl. Lat., after the Hebrew, of an act, to do further, also to do something:

non apponet, ut complacitior sit adhuc?

Vulg. Psa. 76, 8; so ib. Act. 12, 3:

apposuerunt adhuc peccare,

ib. Psa. 77, 17; 88, 23.—

With a dat. of end, to set down for something, count, reckon, or consider as, to hold as (very rare):

cum is nil promereat, postulare id gratiae adponi sibi,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 32 (addi in gratiam suam, Don.):

aliquid lucro,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 15.—Hence, appŏsĭ-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., put or applied to, etc.

Of relations of space, placed or situated at or near to, contiguous to, bordering upon; constr. with dat.:

regio mari adposita,

Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:

platanus itineri,

id. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

castellum Lupiae flumini adpositum,

Tac. A. 2, 7.— Trop.:

audacia fidentiae non contrarium, sed appositum ac propinquum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165.—

Metaph.

Fit, proper, suitable, appropriate, apposite, etc. (like aptus, q. v.; hence in MSS. freq. interchanged with it; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 3, 11, 9); constr. with ad (in this signif. very freq. in Varr. and Cic.;

elsewhere very rare, perh. not found except in Quint. and Gell.): ager ad vitem adpositus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 5:

loca adposita ad faenum, ad vinum, ad oleum,

id. ib. 1, 23, 1:

equus ad medendum adpositus,

id. ib. 2, 7, 5:

(gallinae) adpositissimae ad partum,

id. ib. 3, 9, 9;

2, 10, 4: menses ad agendum maxime appositi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41 fin.; id. Att. 3, 14:

multo appositior ad deferenda,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57:

argumentatio appositissima ad judicationem,

id. Inv. 1, 14. —

Inclined to; constr. with dat.:

judex juri magis an aequo sit adpositus,

Quint. 4, 3, 11 (cf.:

adclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6).—

Subst.: appŏsĭtum, i, n., in rhet. and gram., an epithet, adjective:

adposita, quae epitheta dicuntur, ut dulce mustum,

Quint. 8, 2, 10; 2, 14, 3; 9, 4, 24.—Hence, appŏsĭtē, adv., suitably, fitly, etc.:

ad persuasionem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 5; cf. Spald ad Quint. 2, 15, 3 praeclare et apposite et facete scribere, Gell. 2, 23, 11 ( comp. and sup not used).

as-surgo ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Merk., Halm, Weissenb.; ass-, Roth), surrexi, surrectum, 3, v. n., to rise up, rise, stand up (cf. ad, II. B.; class.; freq. in Verg., once in Ov., never in Hor.; syn.: surgo, consurgo, insurgo, orior).

Lit.

Of persons:

quae dum laudatio recitatur, vos quaeso, qui eam detulistis, adsurgite,

Cic. Clu. 69, 196:

fratrem adsurrexisse ex morbo,

Liv. 3, 24: Valentem e gravi corporis morbo adsurgentem, Tac. H. 2, 99:

intortis adsurgens arduus undis,

Val. Fl. 3, 476:

desine viso adsurgere pulvere,

Claud. Cons. Stil. 3, 3.—Hence, with dat. or absol., to rise up to one, to rise up, out of respect.

With dat.:

an quisquam in curiam venienti adsurrexit?

Cic. Pis. 12:

Utque viro Phoebi chorus adsurrexerit omnis,

Verg. E. 6, 66: Ruricolae Cereri teneroque adsurgite Baccho, * Ov. Am. 3, 2, 53:

honori numinis,

Stat. Th. 2, 60:

cum palam esset ipsum quoque iisdem et assurgere et decedere viā,

Suet. Tib. 31:

cum conaretur assurgere,

id. Caes. 78 al.:

non adsurrexisse sibi,

Vulg. Esth. 5, 9; so with coram (eccl. Lat.):

coram te adsurgere nequeo,

Vulg. Gen. 31, 35.—

Absol.:

neque assurgere neque salutare se dignantem,

Suet. Vesp. 13; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 48:

et senes adsurgentes stabant,

Vulg. Job, 29, 8. —In pass. impers.:

ut majoribus natu adsurgatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48:

cum adsurrectum ei non esset,

Liv. 9, 46:

ludos ineunti semper adsurgi etiam ab senatu in more est,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 13; Suet. Aug. 56: so in a zeugma: haec enim ipsa sunt honorabilia... salutari, appeti, decedi, adsurgi, deduci, etc. (decedi and adsurgi being impers. here, the other verbs pers.), Cic. Sen. 18, 63.—Hence, trop., to give the preference to, to yield to:

sunt et Aminaeae vites... Tmolius adsurgit quibus,

yields the palm, Verg. G. 2, 98.— Poet.:

jamque adsurgentis dextrā plagamque ferentis Aeneae subiit mucronem, i.e. dextram attollentis,

Verg. A. 10, 797.—

Of inanimate things:

colles adsurgunt,

rise, Liv. 22, 4; so Col. 2, 2, 1, and Tac. A. 13, 38:

Pyramis adsurgit trecentis sexaginta tribus pedibus,

Plin. 36, 12, 17, § 80:

Delos adsurgit Cynthio monte,

id. 4, 12, 22, § 66.—

Transf.

To mount up, to rise, to increase in size, swell, tower up ( poet.):

cum subito adsurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion,

Verg. A. 1. 535:

adsurgens nox aurea,

Val. Fl. 5, 566:

tumores oriuntur, deinde desinunt, deinde rursus adsurgunt,

Cels. 2, 8:

non coeptae adsurgunt turres,

Verg. A. 4, 86:

terra jacet aggeribus niveis informis septemque adsurgit in ulnas,

rises seven ells high, id. G. 3, 355: Adsurgit ceu forte minor sub matre virente Laurus, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 244.—

Of mental objects.

To rise:

nunc sera querellis Haud justis adsurgis,

i. e. break out in complaints, Verg. A. 10, 95:

adsurgunt irae,

id. ib. 12, 494:

in ultionem adsurgere,

Flor. 3, 1, 10.—

To rise in courage, to rise (cf. the opp. affligi):

gaudet in adversis animoque adsurgit Adrastus,

Stat. Th. 10, 227.—

Of style, etc., to rise, soar:

raro adsurgit Hesiodus,

Quint. 10, 1, 52:

neque comoedia cothurnis adsurgit,

id. 10, 2, 22; cf.:

sublimitate heroici carminis animus adsurgat,

id. 1, 8, 5.

Cantăbrĭa, ae, f., = Kantabria, a province in Hispania Tarraconensis, east of Asturia, in the region of the present Biscaya, Plin. 34, 14, 42, § 148; 34, 16, 47, § 158; Suet. Aug. 20; 81; id. Galb. 8; Flor. 4, 12, 48.—

Derivv.

Cantăber, bra, brum, adj., Cantabrian:

Oceanus,

Claud. Laud. Ser. 74.—Far more freq. subst.: Cantăber, ābri, and in plur.: Cantā̆bri, ōrum, m., the Cantabrians, Caes. B. C. 2, 36; Mel. 3, 1, 9, § 10; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110 sq.; an exceedingly wild and warlike people, whose subjugation was attempted in vain by Augustus (729 A. U. C.), but was accomplished, after a bloody battle, by Agrippa (734 A. U. C.);

hence, bellicosus,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 1:

indoctus juga ferre nostra,

id. ib. 2, 6, 2:

non ante domabilis,

id. ib. 4, 14, 41:

Agrippae virtute cecidit,

id. Ep. 1, 12, 26:

serā domitus catenā,

id. C. 3, 8, 22; cf. Flor. 4, 12, 46; Just. 44, 5, 8.—

Cantā̆brĭcus, a, um, adj., of Cantabria:

terrae,

Mel. 3, 2, 1:

litora,

id. 3, 2, 7:

populi,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 27:

bella,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 55:

bellum,

Suet. Aug. 20; 85:

expeditio,

id. 29; id. Tib. 9.—

Subst.: Cantā̆brĭca, ae, f., a plant, Cantabrian bind-weed: Convolvulus Cantabrica, Linn.; Plin. 25, 8, 47, § 85.

Cantăbrĭa, ae, f., = Kantabria, a province in Hispania Tarraconensis, east of Asturia, in the region of the present Biscaya, Plin. 34, 14, 42, § 148; 34, 16, 47, § 158; Suet. Aug. 20; 81; id. Galb. 8; Flor. 4, 12, 48.—

Derivv.

Cantăber, bra, brum, adj., Cantabrian:

Oceanus,

Claud. Laud. Ser. 74.—Far more freq. subst.: Cantăber, ābri, and in plur.: Cantā̆bri, ōrum, m., the Cantabrians, Caes. B. C. 2, 36; Mel. 3, 1, 9, § 10; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110 sq.; an exceedingly wild and warlike people, whose subjugation was attempted in vain by Augustus (729 A. U. C.), but was accomplished, after a bloody battle, by Agrippa (734 A. U. C.);

hence, bellicosus,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 1:

indoctus juga ferre nostra,

id. ib. 2, 6, 2:

non ante domabilis,

id. ib. 4, 14, 41:

Agrippae virtute cecidit,

id. Ep. 1, 12, 26:

serā domitus catenā,

id. C. 3, 8, 22; cf. Flor. 4, 12, 46; Just. 44, 5, 8.—

Cantā̆brĭcus, a, um, adj., of Cantabria:

terrae,

Mel. 3, 2, 1:

litora,

id. 3, 2, 7:

populi,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 27:

bella,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 55:

bellum,

Suet. Aug. 20; 85:

expeditio,

id. 29; id. Tib. 9.—

Subst.: Cantā̆brĭca, ae, f., a plant, Cantabrian bind-weed: Convolvulus Cantabrica, Linn.; Plin. 25, 8, 47, § 85.

Cantăbrĭa, ae, f., = Kantabria, a province in Hispania Tarraconensis, east of Asturia, in the region of the present Biscaya, Plin. 34, 14, 42, § 148; 34, 16, 47, § 158; Suet. Aug. 20; 81; id. Galb. 8; Flor. 4, 12, 48.—

Derivv.

Cantăber, bra, brum, adj., Cantabrian:

Oceanus,

Claud. Laud. Ser. 74.—Far more freq. subst.: Cantăber, ābri, and in plur.: Cantā̆bri, ōrum, m., the Cantabrians, Caes. B. C. 2, 36; Mel. 3, 1, 9, § 10; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110 sq.; an exceedingly wild and warlike people, whose subjugation was attempted in vain by Augustus (729 A. U. C.), but was accomplished, after a bloody battle, by Agrippa (734 A. U. C.);

hence, bellicosus,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 1:

indoctus juga ferre nostra,

id. ib. 2, 6, 2:

non ante domabilis,

id. ib. 4, 14, 41:

Agrippae virtute cecidit,

id. Ep. 1, 12, 26:

serā domitus catenā,

id. C. 3, 8, 22; cf. Flor. 4, 12, 46; Just. 44, 5, 8.—

Cantā̆brĭcus, a, um, adj., of Cantabria:

terrae,

Mel. 3, 2, 1:

litora,

id. 3, 2, 7:

populi,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 27:

bella,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 55:

bellum,

Suet. Aug. 20; 85:

expeditio,

id. 29; id. Tib. 9.—

Subst.: Cantā̆brĭca, ae, f., a plant, Cantabrian bind-weed: Convolvulus Cantabrica, Linn.; Plin. 25, 8, 47, § 85.

Cantăbrĭa, ae, f., = Kantabria, a province in Hispania Tarraconensis, east of Asturia, in the region of the present Biscaya, Plin. 34, 14, 42, § 148; 34, 16, 47, § 158; Suet. Aug. 20; 81; id. Galb. 8; Flor. 4, 12, 48.—

Derivv.

Cantăber, bra, brum, adj., Cantabrian:

Oceanus,

Claud. Laud. Ser. 74.—Far more freq. subst.: Cantăber, ābri, and in plur.: Cantā̆bri, ōrum, m., the Cantabrians, Caes. B. C. 2, 36; Mel. 3, 1, 9, § 10; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110 sq.; an exceedingly wild and warlike people, whose subjugation was attempted in vain by Augustus (729 A. U. C.), but was accomplished, after a bloody battle, by Agrippa (734 A. U. C.);

hence, bellicosus,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 1:

indoctus juga ferre nostra,

id. ib. 2, 6, 2:

non ante domabilis,

id. ib. 4, 14, 41:

Agrippae virtute cecidit,

id. Ep. 1, 12, 26:

serā domitus catenā,

id. C. 3, 8, 22; cf. Flor. 4, 12, 46; Just. 44, 5, 8.—

Cantā̆brĭcus, a, um, adj., of Cantabria:

terrae,

Mel. 3, 2, 1:

litora,

id. 3, 2, 7:

populi,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 27:

bella,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 55:

bellum,

Suet. Aug. 20; 85:

expeditio,

id. 29; id. Tib. 9.—

Subst.: Cantā̆brĭca, ae, f., a plant, Cantabrian bind-weed: Convolvulus Cantabrica, Linn.; Plin. 25, 8, 47, § 85.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

cōmo, mpsi (msi), mptum (mtum), 3, v. a. [co- (i. e. con) and emo; cf.: demo, promo].

To bring together, form, frame, construct (Lucretian):

dum perspicis omnem Naturam rerum quā constet compta figurā,

Lucr. 1, 950 Munro ad loc.:

nunc ea quo pacto inter sese mixta quibusque compta modis vigeant,

id. 3, 259:

quibus e rebus cum corpore compta vigeret (animi natura), Quove modo distracta rediret in ordia prima,

id. 4, 27.—

To care for, take care of.

Prop., in the class. per. usu. of the care of the hair, to comb, arrange, braid, dress; absol.:

amica dum comit dumque se exornat,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 19:

capillos,

Cic. Pis. 11, 25; Verg. A. 10, 832:

nitidum caput,

Tib. 1, 8, 16:

caput in gradus atque anulos,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

comas acu,

id. 2, 5, 12:

comas hasta recurva,

Ov. F. 2, 560:

capillos dente secto,

Mart. 12, 83.— Transf. to the person:

sacerdos Fronde super galeam et felici comptus olivā,

wreathed, Verg. A. 7, 751:

Tisiphone serpentibus undique compta,

id. Cul. 218:

pueri praecincti et compti,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 70:

longas compta puella comas,

Ov. Am. 1, 1, 20.—

In partic., to adorn, deck, ornament:

corpora si quis vulsa atque fucata muliebriter comat,

Quint. 8, prooem. §

19: colla genasque,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 110:

vultus,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 337:

vestes et cingula manu,

id. VI. Cons. Hon. 525.—

Transf. of things:

vittā comptos praetendere ramos,

Verg. A. 8, 128: colus compta, i. e. furnished or adorned with wool, Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 194.—

Trop., to deck, adorn:

Cleopatra simulatum compta dolorem,

Luc. 10, 83.—Esp. freq. of rhet. ornament:

non quia comi expolirique non debeat (oratio),

Quint. 8, 3, 42; cf.:

linguae orationisque comendae gratiā,

Gell. 1, 9, 10.—Hence, comptus ( - mtus), a, um, P. a., adorned, ornamented, decked:

juvenes ut femina compti,

Ov. H. 4, 75:

anima mundissima atque comptissima,

Aug. Quant. Anim. 33.—But usu. of discourse, embellished, elegant:

compta et mitis oratio,

Cic. Sen. 9, 28 (al. composita):

comptior sermo,

Tac. H. 1, 19:

(Vinicius) comptae facundiae,

id. A. 6, 15.— Transf. to the person:

Isocrates in diverso genere dicendi nitidus et comptus,

Quint. 10, 1, 79. — Adv.: comptē ( comt-), with ornament, elegantly, only trop.:

compte disserere,

Sen. Ep. 75, 6:

agere rem,

Gell. 7, 3, 52.—

* Comp.:

comptius dicere,

Gell. 7, 3, 53.— Sup., Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 66, acc. to Ritschl (al. comissime).

cŏmo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [coma].

Neutr., to be furnished with hair (as verb. finit. only post-class.), Paul. Nol. 28, 246.—But freq. cŏmans, antis, P. a.

Having long hair, hairy, covered with hair ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

colla equorum,

Verg. A. 12, 86; cf.:

equus florā et comante jubā,

Gell. 3, 9, 3:

equae,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 180:

tori,

Verg. A. 12, 6:

crines,

Sil. 16, 59:

saetae hircorum,

Verg. G. 3, 312; cf.:

pellis comata villis,

Val. Fl. 8, 122:

galea = cristata,

crested, plumed, Verg. A. 2, 391; cf.

cristae,

id. ib. 3, 468.—

Transf., of growths, etc., resembling hair:

stella,

having a radiant, hairy train, a comet, Ov. M. 15, 749:

astro comantes Tyndaridae,

ornamented with stars, Val. Fl. 5, 267:

sera comans narcissus,

that puts out leaves late, Verg. G. 4, 122:

dictamnus flore Purpureo,

id. A. 12, 413:

jugum silvae,

leafy, Val. Fl. 3, 403:

silvae,

id. 1, 429:

folia,

luxuriant, Plin. 13, 8, 16, § 59:

pinus,

Sil. 10, 550:

humus,

Stat. Th. 5, 502.—

Act., to clothe or deck with hair or something like hair (as verb. finit. only post-class.), Tert. Pall. 3.—Freq. (esp. in the post-Aug. per.) cŏmātus, a, um, P. a., having long hair:

tempora,

Mart. 10, 83, 13; Val. Fl. 7, 636; and subst.: cŏmā-tus, i, m., Suet. Calig. 35; Mart. 1, 73, 8; 12, 70, 9.—As adj. propr.: Gallia Comata, Transalpine Gaul (opp. togata), Cic. Phil. 8, 9, 27; Mel. 3, 2, 4; Plin. 4, 17, 31, § 105; Cat. 29, 3; Luc. 1, 443.— Transf.:

silva,

leafy, Cat. 4, 11.

cōmo, mpsi (msi), mptum (mtum), 3, v. a. [co- (i. e. con) and emo; cf.: demo, promo].

To bring together, form, frame, construct (Lucretian):

dum perspicis omnem Naturam rerum quā constet compta figurā,

Lucr. 1, 950 Munro ad loc.:

nunc ea quo pacto inter sese mixta quibusque compta modis vigeant,

id. 3, 259:

quibus e rebus cum corpore compta vigeret (animi natura), Quove modo distracta rediret in ordia prima,

id. 4, 27.—

To care for, take care of.

Prop., in the class. per. usu. of the care of the hair, to comb, arrange, braid, dress; absol.:

amica dum comit dumque se exornat,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 19:

capillos,

Cic. Pis. 11, 25; Verg. A. 10, 832:

nitidum caput,

Tib. 1, 8, 16:

caput in gradus atque anulos,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

comas acu,

id. 2, 5, 12:

comas hasta recurva,

Ov. F. 2, 560:

capillos dente secto,

Mart. 12, 83.— Transf. to the person:

sacerdos Fronde super galeam et felici comptus olivā,

wreathed, Verg. A. 7, 751:

Tisiphone serpentibus undique compta,

id. Cul. 218:

pueri praecincti et compti,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 70:

longas compta puella comas,

Ov. Am. 1, 1, 20.—

In partic., to adorn, deck, ornament:

corpora si quis vulsa atque fucata muliebriter comat,

Quint. 8, prooem. §

19: colla genasque,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 110:

vultus,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 337:

vestes et cingula manu,

id. VI. Cons. Hon. 525.—

Transf. of things:

vittā comptos praetendere ramos,

Verg. A. 8, 128: colus compta, i. e. furnished or adorned with wool, Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 194.—

Trop., to deck, adorn:

Cleopatra simulatum compta dolorem,

Luc. 10, 83.—Esp. freq. of rhet. ornament:

non quia comi expolirique non debeat (oratio),

Quint. 8, 3, 42; cf.:

linguae orationisque comendae gratiā,

Gell. 1, 9, 10.—Hence, comptus ( - mtus), a, um, P. a., adorned, ornamented, decked:

juvenes ut femina compti,

Ov. H. 4, 75:

anima mundissima atque comptissima,

Aug. Quant. Anim. 33.—But usu. of discourse, embellished, elegant:

compta et mitis oratio,

Cic. Sen. 9, 28 (al. composita):

comptior sermo,

Tac. H. 1, 19:

(Vinicius) comptae facundiae,

id. A. 6, 15.— Transf. to the person:

Isocrates in diverso genere dicendi nitidus et comptus,

Quint. 10, 1, 79. — Adv.: comptē ( comt-), with ornament, elegantly, only trop.:

compte disserere,

Sen. Ep. 75, 6:

agere rem,

Gell. 7, 3, 52.—

* Comp.:

comptius dicere,

Gell. 7, 3, 53.— Sup., Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 66, acc. to Ritschl (al. comissime).

cŏmo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [coma].

Neutr., to be furnished with hair (as verb. finit. only post-class.), Paul. Nol. 28, 246.—But freq. cŏmans, antis, P. a.

Having long hair, hairy, covered with hair ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

colla equorum,

Verg. A. 12, 86; cf.:

equus florā et comante jubā,

Gell. 3, 9, 3:

equae,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 180:

tori,

Verg. A. 12, 6:

crines,

Sil. 16, 59:

saetae hircorum,

Verg. G. 3, 312; cf.:

pellis comata villis,

Val. Fl. 8, 122:

galea = cristata,

crested, plumed, Verg. A. 2, 391; cf.

cristae,

id. ib. 3, 468.—

Transf., of growths, etc., resembling hair:

stella,

having a radiant, hairy train, a comet, Ov. M. 15, 749:

astro comantes Tyndaridae,

ornamented with stars, Val. Fl. 5, 267:

sera comans narcissus,

that puts out leaves late, Verg. G. 4, 122:

dictamnus flore Purpureo,

id. A. 12, 413:

jugum silvae,

leafy, Val. Fl. 3, 403:

silvae,

id. 1, 429:

folia,

luxuriant, Plin. 13, 8, 16, § 59:

pinus,

Sil. 10, 550:

humus,

Stat. Th. 5, 502.—

Act., to clothe or deck with hair or something like hair (as verb. finit. only post-class.), Tert. Pall. 3.—Freq. (esp. in the post-Aug. per.) cŏmātus, a, um, P. a., having long hair:

tempora,

Mart. 10, 83, 13; Val. Fl. 7, 636; and subst.: cŏmā-tus, i, m., Suet. Calig. 35; Mart. 1, 73, 8; 12, 70, 9.—As adj. propr.: Gallia Comata, Transalpine Gaul (opp. togata), Cic. Phil. 8, 9, 27; Mel. 3, 2, 4; Plin. 4, 17, 31, § 105; Cat. 29, 3; Luc. 1, 443.— Transf.:

silva,

leafy, Cat. 4, 11.

cornū, ūs (so Caes. B. C. 3, 68 Dint.; Luc. 7, 217; Plin. 28, 11, 46, § 163 et saep.; Curt. 4, 12, 11 al.; ū in the connection cornu bubuli and cornu cervini; also Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 5, 76; Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 20, 1 al.; cf. esp. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 355), n. (access. form cornum, i, n., Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 14; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 5 Fleck.; Lucr. 2, 388; Ov. M. 2, 874; Scrib. Comp. 141; Gell. 14, 6, 2 al.; gen. plur. cornorum, Scrib. Comp. 60. —An access. form cornus, ūs, has been assumed on account of the rel. masc. in the passage:

nares similes cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149, if the reading is correct.—The dat. sing. apparently never used;

for in the connection: laevo cornu Cotys rex praeerat... dextro cornu praepositus C. Licinius Crassus,

Liv. 42, 58, 6 and 7, the supposition of the abl. is more in acc. with the usage of Livy; cf.:

Antipatrum in laevo praeposuit,

id. 37, 41, 1 et saep.) [kindred with keras, and Germ. and Engl. horn; cf. also carina, cervus], a horn.

Lit., a hard and generally crooked growth upon the head of many mammiferous animals (very freq. in all periods and species of composition), Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121;

of a bullock,

Lucr. 5, 1033; 5, 1324; Cat. 64, 111; Ov. M. 9, 186; Hor. C. 3, 27, 72; id. S. 1, 5, 58 et saep.;

also of the constellation Taurus,

Ov. M. 2, 80;

of the ram,

id. ib. 5, 328; and the constellation Aries, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111;

of the he-goat,

Verg. E. 9, 25;

of kids,

id. G. 2, 526 al. —Of the antlers of a stag, Ov. M. 3, 194; 10, 111; Verg. A. 10, 725 al.: Cornu Copiae (less correctly, but freq. in late Lat., as one word, Cornūcōpĭae, and twice Cornūcōpĭa, ae, f., Amm. 22, 9, 1; 25, 2, 3), acc. to the fable, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed in heaven, Greek Keras Amaltheias (v. Amalthea), the emblem of fruitfulness and abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5; Gell. 14, 6, 2; cf. Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60; id. Ep. 1, 12, 29; Ov. M. 9, 88.—

Meton., of things similar to horn in substance or form, or made of horn.

That which is similar to horn in substance.

A hoof, Cato, R. R. 72; Verg. G. 3, 88; Sil. 13, 327.—

Of the bills of birds, Ov. M. 14, 502.—

The horny skin covering the eye, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148.—

A horny excrescence on the head, a wart, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.— Far more freq.,

That which is similar to a horn in form, a projecting extremity, the point or end of any object.

The tooth or tusk of an elephant, ivory, Varr. L. L. 7, § 39 Müll.; Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 7; 18, 1, 1, § 2:

cornu Indicum,

Mart. 1, 73, 4.—

The horns of the moon, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 122, 2; Verg. G. 1, 433; Ov. M. 1, 11; 2, 117 et saep.—

The branches of a river, Ov. M. 9, 774.—Hence, the river-gods were represented with horns, Verg. G. 4, 371; Mart. 10, 7 et saep.; cf.: corniger, tauriformis, etc., and v. Lidd. and Scott under keras, V.—

The arm of the shore forming a harbor, a tongue of land, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1; Ov. M. 5, 410; Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.—

The extremity or end of the sailyards, Verg. A. 3, 549; 5, 832; Ov. M. 11, 476; Hor. Epod. 16, 59; Sil. 14. 389.—

The cone of a helmet in which the crest was placed:

cornua cristae,

Verg. A. 12, 89:

alterum cornu galeae,

Liv. 27, 33, 2.—

The end of the stick around which books were rolled, usually ornamented with ivory, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 8; Mart. 11, 107. —

The side of a bow in the form of a horn, Ov. M. 1, 455; 5, 56; 2, 603.—

The horn-shaped side of the cithara (perh. the sounding-board), Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149 fin. —

The top or summit of a mountain:

cornua Parnasi,

Stat. Th. 5, 532; Curt. 3, 4, 4. —

The point, end, extremity, wing of a place, Liv. 25, 3, 17; Tac. A. 1, 75; Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 26 al.—

The wing of an army (very freq.), Caes. B. G. 1, 52 (three times); 2, 23; 2, 25; 7, 62 (twice); Liv. 9, 40, 3 sq(seven times).—

Transf.:

cornua disputationis tuae commovere,

i. e. to drive back, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26 (v. the passage in connection).—

The feeler or claw of an insect, Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95; 9, 31, 51, § 99 al. —

The stiff hair of the Germans:

quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam Caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro?

Juv. 13, 165.—

Of objects made of horn.

A bow, Verg. E. 10, 59; Ov. M. 5, 383; Sil. 2, 109 al.—

A bugle-horn, a horn, trumpet (cornua, quod ea, quae nunc sunt ex aere, tunc fiebant bubulo e cornu, Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.), Lucil. ap. Non. p. 265, 5; Lucr. 2, 620; Verg. A. 7, 615; Ov. M. 1, 98; 3, 533; Hor. C. 1, 18, 14; 2, 1, 17; Juv. 2, 90; 6, 315.—Connected with tubae, Cic. Sull. 5, 17; Tac. A. 1, 68; 2, 81, cf. Dict. of Antiq., s. v. cornu.—In a sarcastic double sense with a.: dum tendit citharam noster, dum cornua Parthus, Poët. ap. Suet. Ner. 39 (v. the passage in connection).—

The sides of the lyre, originally consisting of two horns, giving resonance to the strings, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; 2, 59, 149.—

A lantern, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 185; cf. Lucr 2, 388; and Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 49.—

An oil cruet, Hor S. 2, 2, 61.—

A funnel, Verg. G. 3, 509; Col. 6, 2, 7 al.—

Trop., as an emblem of power, courage, strength, might (the figure taken from bullocks. Also in Heb. a very freq. metaph.; cf. Gesen. Lex. s. v., p. 906, 6; poet.):

ne in re secundā nunc mi obvortat cornua,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 5:

venerunt capiti cornua sera meo,

Ov. Am. 3, 11,:

tunc pauper cornua sumit,

gains strength, courage, id. A. A. 1, 239; cf.

. tu (sc. amphora) addis cornua pauperi, etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 18.—Hence Bacchus, as a giver of courage, is represented with horns, Tib. 2, 1, 3; Hor. C. 2, 19, 30; v. Bacchus, I.; cf. of a river-god, I. B. 2. c. supra.

cornū, ūs (so Caes. B. C. 3, 68 Dint.; Luc. 7, 217; Plin. 28, 11, 46, § 163 et saep.; Curt. 4, 12, 11 al.; ū in the connection cornu bubuli and cornu cervini; also Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 5, 76; Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 20, 1 al.; cf. esp. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 355), n. (access. form cornum, i, n., Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 14; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 5 Fleck.; Lucr. 2, 388; Ov. M. 2, 874; Scrib. Comp. 141; Gell. 14, 6, 2 al.; gen. plur. cornorum, Scrib. Comp. 60. —An access. form cornus, ūs, has been assumed on account of the rel. masc. in the passage:

nares similes cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149, if the reading is correct.—The dat. sing. apparently never used;

for in the connection: laevo cornu Cotys rex praeerat... dextro cornu praepositus C. Licinius Crassus,

Liv. 42, 58, 6 and 7, the supposition of the abl. is more in acc. with the usage of Livy; cf.:

Antipatrum in laevo praeposuit,

id. 37, 41, 1 et saep.) [kindred with keras, and Germ. and Engl. horn; cf. also carina, cervus], a horn.

Lit., a hard and generally crooked growth upon the head of many mammiferous animals (very freq. in all periods and species of composition), Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121;

of a bullock,

Lucr. 5, 1033; 5, 1324; Cat. 64, 111; Ov. M. 9, 186; Hor. C. 3, 27, 72; id. S. 1, 5, 58 et saep.;

also of the constellation Taurus,

Ov. M. 2, 80;

of the ram,

id. ib. 5, 328; and the constellation Aries, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111;

of the he-goat,

Verg. E. 9, 25;

of kids,

id. G. 2, 526 al. —Of the antlers of a stag, Ov. M. 3, 194; 10, 111; Verg. A. 10, 725 al.: Cornu Copiae (less correctly, but freq. in late Lat., as one word, Cornūcōpĭae, and twice Cornūcōpĭa, ae, f., Amm. 22, 9, 1; 25, 2, 3), acc. to the fable, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed in heaven, Greek Keras Amaltheias (v. Amalthea), the emblem of fruitfulness and abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5; Gell. 14, 6, 2; cf. Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60; id. Ep. 1, 12, 29; Ov. M. 9, 88.—

Meton., of things similar to horn in substance or form, or made of horn.

That which is similar to horn in substance.

A hoof, Cato, R. R. 72; Verg. G. 3, 88; Sil. 13, 327.—

Of the bills of birds, Ov. M. 14, 502.—

The horny skin covering the eye, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148.—

A horny excrescence on the head, a wart, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.— Far more freq.,

That which is similar to a horn in form, a projecting extremity, the point or end of any object.

The tooth or tusk of an elephant, ivory, Varr. L. L. 7, § 39 Müll.; Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 7; 18, 1, 1, § 2:

cornu Indicum,

Mart. 1, 73, 4.—

The horns of the moon, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 122, 2; Verg. G. 1, 433; Ov. M. 1, 11; 2, 117 et saep.—

The branches of a river, Ov. M. 9, 774.—Hence, the river-gods were represented with horns, Verg. G. 4, 371; Mart. 10, 7 et saep.; cf.: corniger, tauriformis, etc., and v. Lidd. and Scott under keras, V.—

The arm of the shore forming a harbor, a tongue of land, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1; Ov. M. 5, 410; Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.—

The extremity or end of the sailyards, Verg. A. 3, 549; 5, 832; Ov. M. 11, 476; Hor. Epod. 16, 59; Sil. 14. 389.—

The cone of a helmet in which the crest was placed:

cornua cristae,

Verg. A. 12, 89:

alterum cornu galeae,

Liv. 27, 33, 2.—

The end of the stick around which books were rolled, usually ornamented with ivory, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 8; Mart. 11, 107. —

The side of a bow in the form of a horn, Ov. M. 1, 455; 5, 56; 2, 603.—

The horn-shaped side of the cithara (perh. the sounding-board), Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149 fin. —

The top or summit of a mountain:

cornua Parnasi,

Stat. Th. 5, 532; Curt. 3, 4, 4. —

The point, end, extremity, wing of a place, Liv. 25, 3, 17; Tac. A. 1, 75; Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 26 al.—

The wing of an army (very freq.), Caes. B. G. 1, 52 (three times); 2, 23; 2, 25; 7, 62 (twice); Liv. 9, 40, 3 sq(seven times).—

Transf.:

cornua disputationis tuae commovere,

i. e. to drive back, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26 (v. the passage in connection).—

The feeler or claw of an insect, Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95; 9, 31, 51, § 99 al. —

The stiff hair of the Germans:

quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam Caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro?

Juv. 13, 165.—

Of objects made of horn.

A bow, Verg. E. 10, 59; Ov. M. 5, 383; Sil. 2, 109 al.—

A bugle-horn, a horn, trumpet (cornua, quod ea, quae nunc sunt ex aere, tunc fiebant bubulo e cornu, Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.), Lucil. ap. Non. p. 265, 5; Lucr. 2, 620; Verg. A. 7, 615; Ov. M. 1, 98; 3, 533; Hor. C. 1, 18, 14; 2, 1, 17; Juv. 2, 90; 6, 315.—Connected with tubae, Cic. Sull. 5, 17; Tac. A. 1, 68; 2, 81, cf. Dict. of Antiq., s. v. cornu.—In a sarcastic double sense with a.: dum tendit citharam noster, dum cornua Parthus, Poët. ap. Suet. Ner. 39 (v. the passage in connection).—

The sides of the lyre, originally consisting of two horns, giving resonance to the strings, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; 2, 59, 149.—

A lantern, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 185; cf. Lucr 2, 388; and Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 49.—

An oil cruet, Hor S. 2, 2, 61.—

A funnel, Verg. G. 3, 509; Col. 6, 2, 7 al.—

Trop., as an emblem of power, courage, strength, might (the figure taken from bullocks. Also in Heb. a very freq. metaph.; cf. Gesen. Lex. s. v., p. 906, 6; poet.):

ne in re secundā nunc mi obvortat cornua,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 5:

venerunt capiti cornua sera meo,

Ov. Am. 3, 11,:

tunc pauper cornua sumit,

gains strength, courage, id. A. A. 1, 239; cf.

. tu (sc. amphora) addis cornua pauperi, etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 18.—Hence Bacchus, as a giver of courage, is represented with horns, Tib. 2, 1, 3; Hor. C. 2, 19, 30; v. Bacchus, I.; cf. of a river-god, I. B. 2. c. supra.

cŏrōnis, ĭdis, f., = korônis, a curved line or flourish formed with a pen, which writers or transcribers were accustomed to make at the end of a book or chapter; hence, as in Gr. (cf. Lidd. and Scott, under korônis), for the end: serā coronide longus, * Mart. 10, 1, 1.

Cŏrōnis, ĭdis, f., = Korônis, daughter of the Thessalian Phlegyas, mother of Æsculapius by Apollo, Ov. M. 2, 542; Hyg. Fab. 161 and 202; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 618; acc. Gr. Coronida, Ov. M. 2, 599.—Hence,

Cŏrōnīdes, ae, m., = Korôneidês, the son of Coronis, i. e. Æsculapius, Ov. M. 15, 624.

cŏrōnis, ĭdis, f., = korônis, a curved line or flourish formed with a pen, which writers or transcribers were accustomed to make at the end of a book or chapter; hence, as in Gr. (cf. Lidd. and Scott, under korônis), for the end: serā coronide longus, * Mart. 10, 1, 1.

Cŏrōnis, ĭdis, f., = Korônis, daughter of the Thessalian Phlegyas, mother of Æsculapius by Apollo, Ov. M. 2, 542; Hyg. Fab. 161 and 202; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 618; acc. Gr. Coronida, Ov. M. 2, 599.—Hence,

Cŏrōnīdes, ae, m., = Korôneidês, the son of Coronis, i. e. Æsculapius, Ov. M. 15, 624.

firmus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. dhar-, dharā-mi, hold, support; Gr. thra-, thrê-sasthai, to sit down, thrênus, thronos; cf.: frētus, frēnum], firm (in opp. to frail, destructible), steadfast, stable, strong, powerful (freq. and class.; esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: constans, stabilis, solidus).

Lit.:

nos fragili vastum ligno sulcavimus aequor: Quae tulit Aesoniden, firma carina fuit,

Ov. P. 1, 4, 35:

robora,

Verg. A. 2, 481:

arbor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 652:

vincula,

id. F. 1, 370:

janua,

i. e. shut fast, id. Am. 2, 12, 3; cf.

sera,

id. P. 1, 2, 24:

solum,

Curt. 5, 1:

firmioris testae murices,

Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: sunt et Amineae vites, firmissima vina. Verg. G. 2, 97:

firmo cibo pasta pecus,

strengthening, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 2:

firmius est triticum quam milium: id ipsum quam hordeum: ex tritico firmissima siligo,

Cels. 2, 18:

effice ut valeas, et ut ad nos firmus ac valens quam primum venias,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1 and 2; cf.:

mihi placebat, si firmior esses, etc.,

id. ib. 16, 5, 1:

nondum satis firmo corpore,

id. ib. 11, 27, 1:

hinc remiges firmissimi, illinc inopia affectissimi,

Vell. 2, 84, 2.—With dat.:

area firma templis sustinendis,

Liv. 2, 5, 4:

testa in structura oneri ferendo firma,

Vitr. 2, 8, 19:

adversis,

Tac. Agr. 35 fin.

Trop., firm in strength or durability, also in opinion, affection, etc., fast, constant, steadfast, immovable, powerful, strong, true, faithful:

quae enim domus tam stabilis, quae tam firma civitas est, quae non odiis et discidiis funditus possit everti?

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

res publica firma atque robusta,

id. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf.:

civitas imprimis firma,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 2:

Trinobantes prope firmissima earum regionum civitas,

id. ib. 5, 20, 1; cf.

also: Mutina firmissima et splendidissima colonia,

Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 24:

tres potentissimi ac firmissimi populi,

id. ib. 1, 3 fin.; and:

evocatorum firma manus,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 3: Antonius ab equitatu firmus esse dicebatur, strong in cavalry, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 2.— With ad and acc.: satis firmus ad castra facienda, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 1:

Chrysippi consolatio ad veritatem firmissima est,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 33, 79:

exercitus satis firmus ad tantum bellum,

Liv. 23, 25, 6; cf.:

cohortes minime firmae ad dimicandum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 60, 2; Sall. H. 4, 62, 16.— With contra: Jugurtha nihil satis firmum contra Metellum putat, Sall. J. 80, 1.—With adversus:

firmus adversus militarem largitionem,

Tac. H. 2, 82:

firmior adversus fortuita,

id. ib. 4, 51:

adversus convicia malosque rumores,

Suet. Tib. 28.— Absol.:

cum neque magnas copias neque firmas haberet,

Nep. Eum. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 8; Sall. J. 56, 2:

concordi populo nihil esse immutabilius, nihil firmius,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32:

praesidia firmissima,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 35:

fundamenta defensionis firmissima,

id. Cael. 2, 7:

firmior fortuna,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

constitutio Romuli,

id. ib. 2, 31 (ap. Non. 526, 10):

illud ratum, firmum, fixum fuisse vis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141:

officii praecepta firma, stabilia,

id. Off. 1, 2, 6; cf.:

opinio, firma et stabilis,

id. Brut. 30, 114:

firma et constans assensio,

id. Ac. 1, 11, 42:

ne in maximis quidem rebus quicquam adhuc inveni firmius,

id. Or. 71, 237:

spem firmissimam habere,

id. Fam. 6, 5, 4; cf.

, transf.: firmior candidatus,

i. e. who has stronger, greater hopes of being elected, id. Att. 1, 1, 2:

litterae,

i. e. containing news that may be relied upon, id. ib. 7, 25; cf. id. ib. 16, 5:

senatum sua sponte bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis,

id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; cf.:

vir in suscepta causa firmissimus,

id. Mil. 33, 91:

accusator firmus verusque,

id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29;

with this cf.: vir pro veritate firmissimus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 19:

sunt fortasse in sententia firmiores,

id. Balb. 27, 61:

firmus in hoc,

Tib. 3, 2, 5:

non firmus rectum defendis et haeres,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 26:

firmus proposito,

Vell. 2, 63 fin.; so,

firmissimus irā,

Ov. M. 7, 457: firmo id constantique animo facias licet, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

nunc opus pectore firmo,

Verg. A. 6, 261:

firmi amici sunt (opp.: amici collabascunt),

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 16:

firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici),

Cic. Lael. 17, 62:

ex infidelissimis sociis firmissimos reddere,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 14:

non brevis et suffragatoria, sed firma et perpetua amicitia,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 26:

firmissimae amicitiae,

Quint. 1, 2, 20:

fides firma nobis,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 6.—

Poet. with inf.:

fundus nec vendibilis nec pascere firmus,

able, capable, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 47. —Hence, adv., firmly, steadily, lastingly, powerfully; in two (equally common) forms: firme and firmĭter.

Form firme, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 24; id. Trin. 2, 2, 54:

insistere,

Suet. Calig. 26:

firme graviterque aliquid comprehendere,

Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; cf.:

satis firme aliquid concipere animo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6:

continere multa,

Quint. 11, 2, 2:

sustinere assensus suos,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 31:

graviter et firme respondere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 13, 3.—

Form firmiter: firmiter hoc tuo sit pectore fixum, Lucil. ap. Non. 512, 20:

nisi suffulcis firmiter,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77:

insistere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26, 1:

in suo gradu collocari,

Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.: stabilita matrimonia, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 512, 23 (Rep. 6, 2 ed. Mos.):

promisisse,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2 111:

meminisse,

Gell. 13, 8, 2.—

Comp.:

firmius durare,

Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 165:

firmius coire,

Ov. H. 19, 67.—

Sup.:

asseverare,

Cic. Att. 10, 14 fin.:

pulvinus quam firmissime statuatur,

Vitr. 5, 12.

hostis (also fos-), is, comm. [Sanscr. root ghas-, to eat, consume, destroy; Germ. Gast; cf. also hasta], a stranger, foreigner; afterwards transf., an enemy (cf.:

adversarius, inimicus, perduellis): equidem etiam illud animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis enim apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc peregrinum dicimus... quamquam id nomen durius effecit jam vetustas: a peregrino enim recessit et proprie in eo qui arma contra ferret remansit,

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: hostis apud antiquos peregrinus dicebatur, et qui nunc hostis perduellio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—

An enemy in arms or of one's country (opp. inimicus, a private enemy, or one who is inimically disposed).

Lit.:

qui (Pompeius) saepius cum hoste conflixit quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.:

omnes nos statuit ille quidem non inimicos sed hostes,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 3;

opp. inimicus,

Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.):

debent oratori sic esse adversariorum nota consilia, ut hostium imperatori,

Quint. 12, 1, 35:

legiones hostium,

Plaut. Am. prol. 136:

hostes nefarios prostravit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27:

(bellum) compellere intra hostium moenia,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

vita ex hostium telis servata,

id. ib. 1, 3:

adventus hostium,

id. ib. 2, 3:

ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligamus,

id. Lael. 9, 29:

hostem rapinis prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4:

quando hostis alienigena terrae Italiae bellum intulisset,

Liv. 29, 10, 5:

servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae Cantaber sera domitus catena,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 21:

terra marique victus hostis,

id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.:

inimicis quoque et hostibus ea indigna videri,

Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.:

inimicus, hostis esset, tanta contumelia accepta,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

sibi inimicus atque hostis,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 29:

horum omnium communis hostis praedoque,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

tam dis hominibusque hostis,

id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1:

Cn. Pompeius auctor et dux mei reditus, illius (Clodii) hostis,

id. Mil. 15, 39:

acer Bupalo hostis (Hipponax),

Hor. Epod. 6, 14:

fas est et ab hoste doceri,

Ov. M. 4, 428:

di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum!

Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35:

quam (aquam) hostis hosti commodat,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.:

hostis est uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83:

nupta meretrici hostis est,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23:

ut, quo die captam hostem vidisset, eodem matrimonio junctam acciperet,

Liv. 30, 14, 2:

cum certa videbitur hostis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18:

ille uxorem, tu hostem luges,

Curt. 4, 11, 4.—

Transf., of animals or things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

qualem ministrum fulminis alitem... in ovilia Demisit hostem vividus impetus,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359:

rhinoceros genitus hostis elephanto,

Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman:

unus cum gemino calculus hoste perit,

Ov. A. A. 3, 358:

fac, pereat vitreo miles ab hoste tuus,

id. ib. 2, 208:

rerum ipsa natura non parens sed noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit,

Quint. 12, 1, 2:

illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima hostis,

id. 2, 2, 10 —

Of an adversary in a suit, in a parody of the law of the Twelve Tables:

si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4.

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

lūmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from lucmen, from the root luc; v. luceo], light.

Lit.: quasi lumen de suo lumine accendat, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Fragm. v. 388 Vahl.):

solis,

Cic. Div. 2, 42, 91:

tabulas bene pictas conlocare in bono lumine,

id. Brut. 75, 261:

solare,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 37:

lumina solis,

the sunbeams, Lucr. 2, 162.—

Transf.

A light, a source of light, a lamp, torch:

lumine apposito,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

diurnum,

the morning-star, Lucr. 4, 455; Liv. 29, 25:

lumini oleum instillare,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 36:

luminibus accensis,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

multa lumina nocte tuli,

Tib. 1, 10 (9), 42.—

Brightness, splendor, gleam ( poet.):

ferri,

Stat. Th. 9, 802; Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 94.—

A bright color ( poet.): flaventia lumina calthae, Col. poët. 10, 97; 9, 4.—

Daylight, day ( poet.): si te secundo lumine hic offendero, Moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 302 Vahl.):

lumine quarto,

Verg. A. 6, 356; cf.: eos hostes, urbes agrosque eorum... lumine supero privetis, Vet. Form. ap. Macr. S. 3, 9, 11. —

The light of life, life ( poet.):

lumen linque,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 12:

lumine adempto,

Lucr. 3, 1033; Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 45.—

The light of the eye, the eye (mostly poet.):

luminibus amissis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

astantes lumine torvo Aetnaeos fratres,

Verg. A. 3, 677:

fossis lumen abire genis, Ov P. 2, 8, 66: acuentes lumina rutae,

id. R. Am. 801:

lumina defixa tenere in gremio,

id. H 21, 113:

lumina flectere,

id. M. 5, 232: parcite luminibus, close or turn away the eyes, Tib. 1, 2, 33:

lumina sera dextra componere,

to close one's eyes, Val. Fl. 3, 279.—Fig.:

Romani imperii lumen,

Vell. 2, 52, 3:

reipublicae lumen et caput,

id. 2, 99, 1.—

The pupil of the eye, Veg. Vet. 2, 16.—

An opening through which light can penetrate, a light, Val. Fl. 1, 168; Vitr. 4, 6.— An airhole, air-shaft, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57.— A window:

stabula non egeant septentrionis luminibus,

Pall. 1, 21:

obserare lumina,

App. M. 2, p 125: altius aedes non tollendi, ne luminibus vicini officiatur, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

immittere lumina,

to put in windows, Dig. 7, 1, 13.—

In plur., the light in a building:

ne quid altius exstruendo, aut arborem ponendo, lumina cujusquam obscuriora fiant,

Dig. 8, 2, 14:

cum M. Buculeius aedes L. Fufio venderet, in mancipio lumina, uti tum essent, ita recepit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179.—Hence, se luminibus ejus esse obstructurum, to obstruct the light by building, Cic. pro Dom. 44, 115.—

The opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel, Front. Aquaed. 27; 29; 36; 105.—

The light in pictures, in opp. to the shade:

invenit lumen atque umbras,

Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; Plin. Ep. 3, 13.—

Trop.

A light, i. e. a most distinguished person or thing, an ornament, glory, luminary:

clarissimis viris interfectis lumina civitatis exstincta sunt,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 24:

certis dicendi luminibus ornare orationem,

id. de Or. 2, 27, 119:

animi, ingenii consiliique tui,

id. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

probitatis et virtutis,

id. Lael. 8, 27: est corporis macula, naevus;

illi tamen hoc lumen videbatur,

i. e. a beautyspot, id. N. D. 1, 28, 79: luminibus alicujus obstruere or officere, to obscure one's glory or reputation, id. Brut. 17, 66.—

Light, clearness, perspicuity:

ordo est maxime, qui memoriae lumen affert,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353:

oratio adhibere lumen rebus debet,

id. ib. 3, 13, 50: nunc parvulos nobis dedit (natura) igniculos, quos celeriter... sic restinguimus, [p. 1085] ut nusquam naturae lumen adpareat, id. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

nec mentis quasi luminibus officit altitudo fortunae,

id. Rab. Post. 16, 43.—

Merit, excellence, beauty of style:

Origines (Catonis) quod lumen eloquentiae non habent?

Cic. Brut. 17, 66;

so in the pun: Catonis luminibus obstruere,

id. ib.; cf. I. B. 7. 8. supra.—

Ornaments of style:

at sunt qui haec excitatoria lumina a componendis orationibus excludenda arbitrentur,

Quint. 12, 10, 49; 8, 5, 29:

orationis,

id. 8, 5, 34:

lumina sententiarum,

id. 9, 2, 202.