-
1 ȅzero
ȅzero; ȅzerъ Grammatical information: n. o; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `lake'Page in Trubačev: VI 33-34Old Church Slavic:Russian:ózero `lake' [n o]Czech:Slovak:jeźer (E. dial.) `lake' [m o]Polish:Upper Sorbian:jězer `lake' [n o]Serbo-Croatian:jȅzero `lake' [n o], jezèra [Nom p];Čak. jȅzero (Vrgada) `lake' [n o], jezerå̃ [Nom p];Čak. jȅzero?? (Novi) `lake' [n o], jȅzera [Nom p];jȅzēr `lake' [m o]Slovene:ję̑zerọ `lake' [n o];ję̑zer `lake' [m o];Bulgarian:ézero `lake' [n o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: éźeroLithuanian:ẽžeras `lake' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęzęrs `lake' [m o];ęzars `lake' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁eǵʰ-(e)r-o-IE meaning: lakeCertainty: -Comments: In view of "Rozwadowski's change", the reconstruction of the anlaut offers a number of alternatives (*h₂e-, *h₃e-, *Ho-), but not if the etymon under discussion belongs to *ězъ `balk, weir', which in my opinion is the case. A cognate outside Balto-Slavic is Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' < *h₁(e)ǵʰ- (-> *ězъ for the semantic apects of the etymology). Note that the short initial vowel of *jȅzero requires the reconstruction of an aspirated velar anyhow (Winter's law). The connection with the Greek mythological river Α᾽ χέρων is dubious.Other cognates: -
2 ȅzerъ
ȅzero; ȅzerъ Grammatical information: n. o; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `lake'Page in Trubačev: VI 33-34Old Church Slavic:Russian:ózero `lake' [n o]Czech:Slovak:jeźer (E. dial.) `lake' [m o]Polish:Upper Sorbian:jězer `lake' [n o]Serbo-Croatian:jȅzero `lake' [n o], jezèra [Nom p];Čak. jȅzero (Vrgada) `lake' [n o], jezerå̃ [Nom p];Čak. jȅzero?? (Novi) `lake' [n o], jȅzera [Nom p];jȅzēr `lake' [m o]Slovene:ję̑zerọ `lake' [n o];ję̑zer `lake' [m o];Bulgarian:ézero `lake' [n o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: éźeroLithuanian:ẽžeras `lake' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęzęrs `lake' [m o];ęzars `lake' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁eǵʰ-(e)r-o-IE meaning: lakeCertainty: -Comments: In view of "Rozwadowski's change", the reconstruction of the anlaut offers a number of alternatives (*h₂e-, *h₃e-, *Ho-), but not if the etymon under discussion belongs to *ězъ `balk, weir', which in my opinion is the case. A cognate outside Balto-Slavic is Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' < *h₁(e)ǵʰ- (-> *ězъ for the semantic apects of the etymology). Note that the short initial vowel of *jȅzero requires the reconstruction of an aspirated velar anyhow (Winter's law). The connection with the Greek mythological river Α᾽ χέρων is dubious.Other cognates: -
3 ȍlkъtь
ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67Old Church Slavic:Russian:lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]Czech:Slovak:Polish:ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]Upper Sorbian:ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]Slovene:lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]Bulgarian:lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-Lithuanian:alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}Latvian:ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}Old Prussian:alkunis (EV) `elbow'IE meaning: elbowComments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.Other cognates:Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow';Notes:\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne2. -
4 ȍlkъtъ
ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67Old Church Slavic:Russian:lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]Czech:Slovak:Polish:ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]Upper Sorbian:ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]Slovene:lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]Bulgarian:lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-Lithuanian:alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}Latvian:ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}Old Prussian:alkunis (EV) `elbow'IE meaning: elbowComments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.Other cognates:Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow';Notes:\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne2. -
5 sỳrъ
I. sỳrъ I Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `cheese'Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:sýr `cheese' [m o]Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:sȉr `cheese' [m o], sȉra [Gens];Čak. sĩr (Vrgada, Orbanići) `cheese' [m o], sȉra [Gens];Čak. sír (Novi) `cheese' [m o], sȉra [Gens]Slovene:sìr `cheese' [m o], síra [Gens]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: súʔr(i)osLithuanian:sū́ris `cheese' [m io] 1Old Prussian:suris `cheese'Indo-European reconstruction: suH-ro-Other cognates:OIc. súrr `leaven'II. syrъ II Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `damp, raw'Old Church Slavic:Russian:syrój `damp, raw' [adj o] \{1\}Czech:syrý `damp, raw' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:sȉrov `raw, crude, damp' [adj o];Čak. sȉrov (Vrgada) `raw, crude, damp' [adj o];Čak. sȉrof (Orbanići) `raw, uncooked' [adj o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: súʔrosLithuanian:sū́ras `salt, salty' [adj o] 3Latvian:sũrs `salt, salty, bitter' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: suH-ro-Other cognates:OIc. súrr `sour' [adj]Notes:\{1\} AP (a) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 133). -
6 vȏrnъ
I. vȏrnъ I Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `raven'Old Church Slavic:Russian:vóron `raven' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:vrȃn `raven' [m o];Čak. vrȃn (Vrgada) `a kind of dark-coloured fish' [m o]Slovene:vrȃn `raven' [m o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: u̯oru̯osLithuanian:var̃nas `raven' [m o]Old Prussian:warnis (EV) `raven'Indo-European reconstruction: uor-uo-Page in Pokorny: 1166II. vȏrnъ II Accent paradigm: cChurch Slavic:Russian:voronój `black' [adj o]Old Russian:Slovene:vrȃn `black' [adj o], vrána [Nomsf]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: u̯oru̯osIndo-European reconstruction: uor-uo-Page in Pokorny: 1166 -
7 blě̑dъ
blě̑dъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `pale'Page in Trubačev: II 111-112Old Church Slavic:blědъ `pale' [adj o]Russian:bledój (dial.) `pale' [adj o];blëdyj (dial.) `pale' [adj o]Ukrainian:blidýj `pale' [adj o]Czech:bledý `pale' [adj o]Slovak:bledý `pale' [adj o]Polish:Slovincian:bladḯ `pale' [adj o]Upper Sorbian:blědy `pale, bright' [adj o]Lower Sorbian:blědy `pale' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:blȉjed `pale' [adj o], blijèda [Nomsf];Čak. blȋd (Vrgada) `pale' [adj o], blīdȁ [Nomsf], blȋdo [Nomsn];Čak. bliȇt (Orbanići) `pale' [adj o], bliedȁ [Nomsf]Slovene:blẹ̑d `pale' [adj o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bloiʔd-(u̯)ó-Lithuanian:blaĩvas `whitish, blue, sober' [adj o] 4Indo-European reconstruction: bʰloid-(u̯)o-Page in Pokorny: 160Comments: In view of Winter's law, we would expect to find traces of a glottalic element in Balto-Slavic. The accentuation of Lith. blaivas - the Proto-Slavic form is mobile and therefore inconclusive - offers no evidence for an original acute, however. Pokorny's reconstruction *bhlǝido-s is impossible for Slavic and *bhleh₂ido-s is incompatible with the mobile accentuation of the adjective in Balto-Slavic.Other cognates: -
8 blě̑skъ
blě̑skъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `brightness'Page in Trubačev: II 113-114Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:blěskъ `brightness, colour, lightning' [m o]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:blȧ̃sk `lightning, brightness' [m o];blìe̯sk `lightning, brightness' [m o]Upper Sorbian:blěsk `lightning, brightness' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:blȉjesak `glow, glimmer' [m o]Slovene:blẹ̑sk `brightness, splendour, lightning' [m o]Bulgarian:bljásăk `brightness' [m o]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰloiǵ-sko-Page in Pokorny: 156Comments: The preglottalized velar may or may not have been lost before Winter's law. I prefer a Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction without ʔ for reasons mentioned s.v. *blьskъ. -
9 blьskъ
blьskъ Grammatical information: m. oPage in Trubačev: II 113-114Church Slavic:Old Czech:Lower Sorbian:Bulgarian:blắsăk `blow, stab' [m o]Lithuanian:blìzgas `shine, glimmer' [m o] 2Indo-European reconstruction: bʰliǵ-sko-Page in Pokorny: 156Comments: The preglottalized velar may or may not have been lost before Winter's law. In the latter case, the Slavic and Baltic forms with short *i would have to be of analogical origin. For this reason I prefer a Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction without ʔ. -
10 blьščati
blьščati Grammatical information: v.Page in Trubačev: II 131-132Old Church Slavic:blьštati sę `sparkle, shine' [verb]Ukrainian:blyščáti `shine' [verb]Czech:blyštěti se `shine, sparkle, twinkle' [verb] \{1\}Polish:bɫyszczeć `shine, sparkle' [verb]Slovincian:blȧ̃ščĕc `shine, sparkle' [verb];blìe̯ščĕc `shine, sparkle' [verb]Upper Sorbian:bɫysćeć `shine' [verb]Lower Sorbian:bɫysćaś (se) `shine' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:blijèštati (se) `shine, glisten' [verb];Čak. blīšćȉti se (Vrgada) `shine, glisten' [verb]Slovene:blẹ́ščati `shine, sparkle, gawk' [verb] \{2\};boɫščáti `gawk' [verb]Bulgarian:bléštja `open one's eyes wide, gawk' [verb];bleští (dial.) `shine' [3sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bliskeʔteiLithuanian:blyškė́ti `shine' [verb], blýški [3sg];blizgė́ti `shine, sparkle' [verb];bliskė́ti `shine, sparkle' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰliǵ-sk-eH₁-teiPage in Pokorny: 156Comments: A number of the above-mentioned forms contain a secondary full grade. For a motivation of the Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction see * blьskъ.Notes:\{1\} Jungmann has blštěti, blyštěti, blištěti `shine'. \{2\} The accentuation blẹščáti (Pleteršnik I: s.v.) is a misprint (see o.c. II: I). -
11 edìnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
12 edьnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
13 evьja
evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]Belorussian:ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}Ukrainian:jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]Polish:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaHLithuanian:jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}Latvian:jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂IE meaning: granaryCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 512Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21). -
14 evьn̨a
evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]Belorussian:ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}Ukrainian:jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]Polish:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaHLithuanian:jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}Latvian:jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂IE meaning: granaryCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 512Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21). -
15 glistъ
glístъ; glīstà Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `worm'Page in Trubačev: VI 128-129Russian:Belorussian:Ukrainian:Czech:hlíst `intestinal worm' [m o];hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]Slovak:hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā];Čak. glȋsta (Orbanići) `worm' [f ā];Čak. glȋs (Orbanići) `worm' [f i], glȋsti [f i]Slovene:glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]Bulgarian:Lithuanian:glaĩstas `layer of clay, plaster' [m o] 2/4Indo-European reconstruction: glH₁it-to-??Comments: Though masculine o-stems belonging to AP (b) in principle continue old neuters, I am uncertain of this holds for original oxytona, i.e. words that were already oxytone before Dybo's law. Here the reconstruction of an old oxytonon may account for the unexpected absence of a laryngeal in the root, which can now be attributed to the Early Slavic loss of laryngeals in pretonic position. In view of Hirt's law, which would have generated root stress, a reconstruction with a zero grade (*glh1it-tó) is preferable. The semantically different Lith. glaĩstas probably contains a old neuter. -
16 glīstà
glístъ; glīstà Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `worm'Page in Trubačev: VI 128-129Russian:Belorussian:Ukrainian:Czech:hlíst `intestinal worm' [m o];hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]Slovak:hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā];Čak. glȋsta (Orbanići) `worm' [f ā];Čak. glȋs (Orbanići) `worm' [f i], glȋsti [f i]Slovene:glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]Bulgarian:Lithuanian:glaĩstas `layer of clay, plaster' [m o] 2/4Indo-European reconstruction: glH₁it-to-??Comments: Though masculine o-stems belonging to AP (b) in principle continue old neuters, I am uncertain of this holds for original oxytona, i.e. words that were already oxytone before Dybo's law. Here the reconstruction of an old oxytonon may account for the unexpected absence of a laryngeal in the root, which can now be attributed to the Early Slavic loss of laryngeals in pretonic position. In view of Hirt's law, which would have generated root stress, a reconstruction with a zero grade (*glh1it-tó) is preferable. The semantically different Lith. glaĩstas probably contains a old neuter. -
17 kosà
I. kosà I Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `hair, braided hair'Page in Trubačev: XI 131-133Church Slavic:Russian:kosá `braid, plait' [f ā], kósu [Accs]Old Russian:Old Czech:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:kòsa `hair, wool' [f ā], kȍsu [Accs];Čak. kȍse (Vrgada) `hair, wool' [Nompf ā];Čak. kosȁ (Novi) `hair, wool' [f ā], kosȕ [Accs], kȍsu [Accs], kosȅ [Nom p], kȍse [Nom p];Kajk. kyesȍ (Bednja) `hair, wool' [f ā], kesȏu [Accs], kyȇsu [Accs]Bulgarian:kosá `hair' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kosaʔLithuanian:kasà `braid' [f ā]Old Prussian:kexti `Zopfhaar'Indo-European reconstruction: kos-eh₂Page in Pokorny: 585Other cognates:II. kosà II Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `scythe'Page in Trubačev: XI 133-135Church Slavic:Russian:kosá `scythe, spit (geog.)' [f ā], kosú [Accs], kósu [Accs]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:kòsa `scythe' [f ā], kȍsu [Accs];Čak. kȍse (Vrgada) `hair, wool' [Nompf ā];Čak. kosȁ (Novi) `scythe' [Nompf ā], kosȕ [Accs], kȍsu [Accs];Čak. kosȁ (kȍsa) (Orbanići) `scythe' [f ā], kȍso [Accs]Slovene:kósa `scythe, spit (geog.)' [f ā]Bulgarian:kosá `scythe' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: kos-eh₂ -
18 làjati
I. làjati I Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `bark'Page in Trubačev: XIV 20Old Church Slavic:Russian:lájat' `bark' [verb]Old Russian:Belorussian:lájać `curse' [verb]Ukrainian:lájati `curse, scold' [verb]Czech:láti `scold, bark' [verb]Old Czech:láti `scold' [verb]Slovak:lát' `scold' [verb]Polish:ɫajać `curse, scold, bark' [verb]Old Polish:ɫajać `curse, scream' [verb]Slovincian:Lower Sorbian:ɫajaś `bark, scold, curse' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:lȁjati `bark, swear' [verb], lȁjēm [1sg];Čak. lȁjati (Vrgada) `bark, swear' [verb], lȁješ [2sg];Čak. lȁjati ʌOrbanići) `bark' [verb], lȃʌe [3sg]Slovene:lȃjati `bark, scream, curse' [verb], lȃjam [1sg], lȃjem [1sg]Bulgarian:lája `bark, scold' [verb]Macedonian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: laH-teiLithuanian:lóti `bark' [verb]Latvian:lãt `bark, scold' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: leh₂-IE meaning: barkCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: ?Other cognates:Skt. rā́yati `bark' [verb] \{1\};Notes:\{1\} If not from IE. Hreh₁II. lajati II Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `ambush, lie in wait for'Page in Trubačev: XIV 21Old Church Slavic:Church Slavic:Indo-European reconstruction: leh₂-Page in Pokorny: 651Other cognates: -
19 měniti
I. měniti I Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `change, exchange'Page in Trubačev: XVIII 173-174Old Church Slavic:měnitъ (Supr.) `changes' [verb]Russian:menít' (dial.) `change, exchange' [verb]Czech:měniti `exchange, change' [verb]Slovak:Polish:mienić się `change colour' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:mijèniti `change' [verb]Slovene:mẹníti `change, exchange' [verb], mením [1sg]Bulgarian:menjá `change, exchange' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: moiniʔteiLithuanian:mainýti `exchange' [verb], maĩno [3sg]Latvian:maĩnît `exchange' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: moi-Other cognates:Skt. máyate `exchange, change' [verb]II. měniti II Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `think'Page in Trubačev: XVIII 174-175Old Church Slavic:měniti `suppose, think, reckon, mention' [verb], měnjǫ [1sg]Old Russian:měniti `think, suppose, mention, mean, symbolize' [verb]Czech:míniti `think, suppose, intend' [verb]Slovak:Polish:mienić `think, suppose' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:mẹ́niti `think, suppose' [verb], mẹ́nim [1sg]Indo-European reconstruction: moi-n-Other cognates: -
20 mogti
mogti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `be able'Page in Trubačev: XIX 107-111Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:móc `be able' [verb], mogę [1sg], może [3sg]Serbo-Croatian:mòći `be able' [verb], mògu [1sg], mȍžē [3sg];Čak. mȍći (Vrgada) `be able' [verb], mȏgu [1sg], mȍže [3sg];Čak. mȍć (Orbanići) `can, be able (to), be allowed (to)' [verb], mȍren [1sg]Slovene:móči `be able, must' [verb], mǫ́rem [1sg], mórem [1sg]Bulgarian:móga `be able, be allowed' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mog-Lithuanian:magė́ti `please, interest' \{1\} [verb], mãga [3sg]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: mogʰ-IE meaning: be able, capablePage in Pokorny: 695Comments: The generally accepted apophonic relationship between Slavic *mogti, Lith. magė́ti etc. on the one hand and mė́gti `love, like', Latv. mêgt `be able, be accustomed to' on the other cannot be maintained if one adheres to the view that the lengthened grade yielded a Balto-Slavic circumflex. The acute of the latter verbs may be due to Winter's law (*h₁meǵ- if cognate with Gk. περιημεκτέω `be aggrieved, chafe'). The o-vocalism of magė́ti and the Slavic and the Germanic forms points to an old perfect. For the semantic development `to be able' -> `to like', cf. Go. mag vs. MoHG mögen. As Pokorny remarks himself, his reconstruction *magʰ-, māgʰ- is entirely based on the presumed connection of the aforementioned forms with Gk. μηχανή `means, instrument', μη̃χος `instrument, apparatus', Dor. μᾱχᾱνα, μα̃ χος, which was rejected by Endzelīns (1931: 183), Fraenkel (1951, 168), Stang (1972, 37) a.o. for various reasons (cf. ESSJa X: 110) but nevertheless reappears in Lehmann 1986 (239).Other cognates:Skt. maghá- `power, wealth, gift';Notes:\{1\} The verb usually occurs in impersonal constructions. \{2\} The scholarly community is divided with respect to the question whether massi is a borrowing from Slavic (viz. Polish może) or a genuine Prussian form (see Mažiulis III: 114 for the relevant literature).
См. также в других словарях:
reconstruction — [ r(ə)kɔ̃stryksjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1728; de reconstruire, d apr. construction ♦ Action de reconstruire (qqch.). Reconstruction d un mur, d un édifice. Spécialt Reconstruction des villes détruites par la guerre. ♢ Fig. La reconstruction des espèces… … Encyclopédie Universelle
reconstruction — re‧con‧struc‧tion [ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʆn] noun 1. [uncountable] the work that is done after a war,Earthquake etc to repair the damage that was caused to buildings, industry etc: • the post war reconstruction of the country s damaged infrastructure 2.… … Financial and business terms
ReConStruction — convention logo Status Active Genre Science fiction/Fantasy … Wikipedia
Reconstruction — [riːkən strʌkʃn; englisch »Wiederaufbau«] die, , nach dem Sezessionskrieg in den USA die Periode der Wiedereingliederung der elf Südstaaten in die Union (1865 77). Sie wurde durch verschiedene soziale und politische Probleme erschwert: die… … Universal-Lexikon
reconstruction — re·con·struc·tion n 1: a rebuilding of a nonfunctional patented article that amounts to creation of a new article and constitutes infringement of the patent the complete replacement of the mechanism was a reconstruction and not a repair 2: the… … Law dictionary
Reconstruction — Re con*struc tion ( str?k sh?n), n. 1. The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed. [1913 Webster] 2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed ordinances of secession,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Reconstruction — (1865 77) the period of American history after the Civil War when the southern states, under government and military control, rejoined the US. Slavery was ended, black people were given the right to vote, and a few universities were established… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Reconstruction — (1865 77) the period of American history after the Civil War when the southern states, under government and military control, rejoined the US. Slavery was ended, black people were given the right to vote, and a few universities were established… … Dictionary of contemporary English
reconstruction — 1791, action or process of reconstructing,” from RE (Cf. re ) + CONSTRUCTION (Cf. construction). In U.S. political history sense (usually with a capital R ), from 1865. It had been used during the American Civil War in reference to… … Etymology dictionary
reconstruction — [rē΄kənstruk′shən] n. 1. a) the act of reconstructing b) something reconstructed 2. [R ] the process, after the Civil War, of reorganizing the Southern states which had seceded and reestablishing them in the Union 3. [R ] the period of this (1867 … English World dictionary
Reconstruction — NOTOC Reconstruction may refer to:Politics, history and sociology*Postwar reconstruction. **Reconstruction era of the United States, the period between 1865 to 1877 when the US government focused on resolving the consequences and aftermath of the … Wikipedia