Перевод: со словенского на английский

с английского на словенский

С английского на:
Словенский
Со словенского на:
Английский

reconstruction

Толкование Перевод

1 ȅzero

ȅzero; ȅzerъ Grammatical information: n. o; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `lake'
Page in Trubačev: VI 33-34

Old Church Slavic:

jezero `lake' [n o];

jezerъ (Zogr., Ass.) `lake' [Accm o]

Russian:

ózero `lake' [n o]

Czech:

jezero `lake' [n o]

Slovak:

jazero `lake' [n o];

jeźer (E. dial.) `lake' [m o]

Polish:

jezioro `lake' [n o]

Upper Sorbian:

jězer `lake' [n o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jȅzero `lake' [n o], jezèra [Nom p];

Čak. jȅzero (Vrgada) `lake' [n o], jezerå̃ [Nom p];

Čak. jȅzero?? (Novi) `lake' [n o], jȅzera [Nom p];

jȅzēr `lake' [m o]

Slovene:

ję̑zerọ `lake' [n o];

ję̑zer `lake' [m o];

jezer `lake' [f i]

Bulgarian:

ézero `lake' [n o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: éźero

Lithuanian:

ẽžeras `lake' [m o] 3^b

Latvian:

ęzęrs `lake' [m o];

ęzars `lake' [m o]

Old Prussian:

assaran `lake' [n]

Indo-European reconstruction: h₁eǵʰ-(e)r-o-

IE meaning: lake

Certainty: -

Comments: In view of "Rozwadowski's change", the reconstruction of the anlaut offers a number of alternatives (*h₂e-, *h₃e-, *Ho-), but not if the etymon under discussion belongs to *ězъ `balk, weir', which in my opinion is the case. A cognate outside Balto-Slavic is Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' < *h₁(e)ǵʰ- (-> *ězъ for the semantic apects of the etymology). Note that the short initial vowel of *jȅzero requires the reconstruction of an aspirated velar anyhow (Winter's law). The connection with the Greek mythological river Α᾽ χέρων is dubious.

Other cognates:

Arm. ezr `edge, border, bank' [r]

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȅzero
2 ȅzerъ

ȅzero; ȅzerъ Grammatical information: n. o; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `lake'
Page in Trubačev: VI 33-34

Old Church Slavic:

jezero `lake' [n o];

jezerъ (Zogr., Ass.) `lake' [Accm o]

Russian:

ózero `lake' [n o]

Czech:

jezero `lake' [n o]

Slovak:

jazero `lake' [n o];

jeźer (E. dial.) `lake' [m o]

Polish:

jezioro `lake' [n o]

Upper Sorbian:

jězer `lake' [n o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jȅzero `lake' [n o], jezèra [Nom p];

Čak. jȅzero (Vrgada) `lake' [n o], jezerå̃ [Nom p];

Čak. jȅzero?? (Novi) `lake' [n o], jȅzera [Nom p];

jȅzēr `lake' [m o]

Slovene:

ję̑zerọ `lake' [n o];

ję̑zer `lake' [m o];

jezer `lake' [f i]

Bulgarian:

ézero `lake' [n o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: éźero

Lithuanian:

ẽžeras `lake' [m o] 3^b

Latvian:

ęzęrs `lake' [m o];

ęzars `lake' [m o]

Old Prussian:

assaran `lake' [n]

Indo-European reconstruction: h₁eǵʰ-(e)r-o-

IE meaning: lake

Certainty: -

Comments: In view of "Rozwadowski's change", the reconstruction of the anlaut offers a number of alternatives (*h₂e-, *h₃e-, *Ho-), but not if the etymon under discussion belongs to *ězъ `balk, weir', which in my opinion is the case. A cognate outside Balto-Slavic is Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' < *h₁(e)ǵʰ- (-> *ězъ for the semantic apects of the etymology). Note that the short initial vowel of *jȅzero requires the reconstruction of an aspirated velar anyhow (Winter's law). The connection with the Greek mythological river Α᾽ χέρων is dubious.

Other cognates:

Arm. ezr `edge, border, bank' [r]

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȅzerъ
3 ȍlkъtь

ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'
Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67

Old Church Slavic:

lakъtь `elbow, ell' [m i], lakъte [Gens] \{2\}

Russian:

lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]

Czech:

loket `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Slovak:

lakot' `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Polish:

ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Upper Sorbian:

ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];

ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]

Serbo-Croatian:

lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]

Slovene:

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];

lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];

lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];

lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]

Bulgarian:

lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-

Lithuanian:

alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;

elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}

Latvian:

ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];

ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}

Old Prussian:

alkunis (EV) `elbow'

Indo-European reconstruction: HHolkuti- \{1\}

IE meaning: elbow

Comments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.

Other cognates:

Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow'
;

Lat. ulna `elbow' [f];

OIr. uilen `elbow' [f];

OHG elina `ell' [f];

Arm. oɫn `spine, shoulder'

Notes:

\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne².

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȍlkъtь
4 ȍlkъtъ

ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'
Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67

Old Church Slavic:

lakъtь `elbow, ell' [m i], lakъte [Gens] \{2\}

Russian:

lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]

Czech:

loket `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Slovak:

lakot' `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Polish:

ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Upper Sorbian:

ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];

ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]

Serbo-Croatian:

lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]

Slovene:

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];

lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];

lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];

lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]

Bulgarian:

lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-

Lithuanian:

alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;

elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}

Latvian:

ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];

ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}

Old Prussian:

alkunis (EV) `elbow'

Indo-European reconstruction: HHolkuti- \{1\}

IE meaning: elbow

Comments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.

Other cognates:

Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow'
;

Lat. ulna `elbow' [f];

OIr. uilen `elbow' [f];

OHG elina `ell' [f];

Arm. oɫn `spine, shoulder'

Notes:

\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne².

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȍlkъtъ
5 sỳrъ

I. sỳrъ I Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `cheese'
Old Church Slavic:

syrъ (Supr.) `cheese' [m o]

Russian:

syr `cheese' [m o]

Czech:

sýr `cheese' [m o]

Slovak:

syr `cheese' [m o]

Polish:

ser `cheese' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

sȉr `cheese' [m o], sȉra [Gens];

Čak. sĩr (Vrgada, Orbanići) `cheese' [m o], sȉra [Gens];

Čak. sír (Novi) `cheese' [m o], sȉra [Gens]

Slovene:

sìr `cheese' [m o], síra [Gens]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: súʔr(i)os

Lithuanian:

sū́ris `cheese' [m io] 1

Old Prussian:

suris `cheese'

Indo-European reconstruction: suH-ro-

Other cognates:

OIc. súrr `leaven'
II. syrъ II Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `damp, raw'
Old Church Slavic:

syrъ (Zogr., Mar.) `damp, fresh' [adj o]

Russian:

syrój `damp, raw' [adj o] \{1\}

Czech:

syrý `damp, raw' [adj o]

Serbo-Croatian:

sȉrov `raw, crude, damp' [adj o];

Čak. sȉrov (Vrgada) `raw, crude, damp' [adj o];

Čak. sȉrof (Orbanići) `raw, uncooked' [adj o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: súʔros

Lithuanian:

sū́ras `salt, salty' [adj o] 3

Latvian:

sũrs `salt, salty, bitter' [adj o]

Indo-European reconstruction: suH-ro-

Other cognates:

OIc. súrr `sour' [adj]

Notes:

\{1\} AP (a) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 133).

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > sỳrъ
6 vȏrnъ

I. vȏrnъ I Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `raven'
Old Church Slavic:

vranъ `raven' [m o]

Russian:

vóron `raven' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

vrȃn `raven' [m o];

Čak. vrȃn (Vrgada) `a kind of dark-coloured fish' [m o]

Slovene:

vrȃn `raven' [m o]

Bulgarian:

vran `black' [adj o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: u̯oru̯os

Lithuanian:

var̃nas `raven' [m o]

Old Prussian:

warnis (EV) `raven'

Indo-European reconstruction: uor-uo-

Page in Pokorny: 1166
II. vȏrnъ II Accent paradigm: c
Church Slavic:

vranъ (Hval., Rumj.) `black' [adj o];

vranyi (RuCS) `black' [adj o]

Russian:

voronój `black' [adj o]

Old Russian:

voronyi `black' [adj o]

Slovene:

vrȃn `black' [adj o], vrána [Nomsf]

Bulgarian:

vran `black' [adj o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: u̯oru̯os

Indo-European reconstruction: uor-uo-

Page in Pokorny: 1166

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > vȏrnъ
7 blě̑dъ

blě̑dъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `pale'
Page in Trubačev: II 111-112

Old Church Slavic:

blědъ `pale' [adj o]

Russian:

bledój (dial.) `pale' [adj o];

blëdyj (dial.) `pale' [adj o]

Ukrainian:

blidýj `pale' [adj o]

Czech:

bledý `pale' [adj o]

Slovak:

bledý `pale' [adj o]

Polish:

blady `pale' [adj o]

Slovincian:

bladḯ `pale' [adj o]

Upper Sorbian:

blědy `pale, bright' [adj o]

Lower Sorbian:

blědy `pale' [adj o]

Serbo-Croatian:

blȉjed `pale' [adj o], blijèda [Nomsf];

Čak. blȋd (Vrgada) `pale' [adj o], blīdȁ [Nomsf], blȋdo [Nomsn];

Čak. blⁱȇt (Orbanići) `pale' [adj o], blⁱedȁ [Nomsf]

Slovene:

blẹ̑d `pale' [adj o]

Bulgarian:

bled `pale' [adj o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bloiʔd-(u̯)ó-

Lithuanian:

blaĩvas `whitish, blue, sober' [adj o] 4

Indo-European reconstruction: bʰloid-(u̯)o-

Page in Pokorny: 160

Comments: In view of Winter's law, we would expect to find traces of a glottalic element in Balto-Slavic. The accentuation of Lith. blaivas - the Proto-Slavic form is mobile and therefore inconclusive - offers no evidence for an original acute, however. Pokorny's reconstruction *bhlǝido-s is impossible for Slavic and *bhleh₂ido-s is incompatible with the mobile accentuation of the adjective in Balto-Slavic.

Other cognates:

OE blāt `pale' [adj];

OHG bleizza `pallor' [f]

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > blě̑dъ
8 blě̑skъ

blě̑skъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `brightness'
Page in Trubačev: II 113-114

Church Slavic:

blěskъ (RuCS) `brightness, colour, lightning' [m o]

Russian:

blesk `brightness, splendour' [m o]

Old Russian:

blěskъ `brightness, colour, lightning' [m o]

Czech:

blesk `lightning, brightness' [m o]

Slovak:

blesk `lightning, brightness' [m o]

Polish:

blask `brightness, shine' [m o]

Slovincian:

blȧ̃sk `lightning, brightness' [m o];

blìe̯sk `lightning, brightness' [m o]

Upper Sorbian:

blěsk `lightning, brightness' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

blȉjesak `glow, glimmer' [m o]

Slovene:

blẹ̑sk `brightness, splendour, lightning' [m o]

Bulgarian:

bljásăk `brightness' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bloisko- \{1\}

Latvian:

blaiskums `spot' [m o];

blaizgums `spot' [m o]

Indo-European reconstruction: bʰloiǵ-sko-

Page in Pokorny: 156

Comments: The preglottalized velar may or may not have been lost before Winter's law. I prefer a Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction without ʔ for reasons mentioned s.v. *blьskъ.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > blě̑skъ
9 blьskъ

blьskъ Grammatical information: m. o
Page in Trubačev: II 113-114

Church Slavic:

blьskъ `splendour' [m o]

Old Czech:

blesk `lightning, brightness' [m o], blsku [Gens]

Lower Sorbian:

bɫysk `lightning, brightness' [m o]

Bulgarian:

blắsăk `blow, stab' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: blisko- \{1\}

Lithuanian:

blìzgas `shine, glimmer' [m o] 2

Indo-European reconstruction: bʰliǵ-sko-

Page in Pokorny: 156

Comments: The preglottalized velar may or may not have been lost before Winter's law. In the latter case, the Slavic and Baltic forms with short *i would have to be of analogical origin. For this reason I prefer a Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction without ʔ.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > blьskъ
10 blьščati

blьščati Grammatical information: v.
Page in Trubačev: II 131-132

Old Church Slavic:

blьštati sę `sparkle, shine' [verb]

Ukrainian:

blyščáti `shine' [verb]

Czech:

blyštěti se `shine, sparkle, twinkle' [verb] \{1\}

Polish:

bɫyszczeć `shine, sparkle' [verb]

Slovincian:

blȧ̃ščĕc `shine, sparkle' [verb];

blìe̯ščĕc `shine, sparkle' [verb]

Upper Sorbian:

bɫysćeć `shine' [verb]

Lower Sorbian:

bɫysćaś (se) `shine' [verb]

Serbo-Croatian:

blijèštati (se) `shine, glisten' [verb];

Čak. blīšćȉti se (Vrgada) `shine, glisten' [verb]

Slovene:

blẹ́ščati `shine, sparkle, gawk' [verb] \{2\};

boɫščáti `gawk' [verb]

Bulgarian:

bléštja `open one's eyes wide, gawk' [verb];

bleští (dial.) `shine' [3sg]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bliskeʔtei

Lithuanian:

blyškė́ti `shine' [verb], blýški [3sg];

blizgė́ti `shine, sparkle' [verb];

bliskė́ti `shine, sparkle' [verb]

Indo-European reconstruction: bʰliǵ-sk-eH₁-tei

Page in Pokorny: 156

Comments: A number of the above-mentioned forms contain a secondary full grade. For a motivation of the Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction see * blьskъ.

Notes:

\{1\} Jungmann has blštěti, blyštěti, blištěti `shine'. \{2\} The accentuation blẹščáti (Pleteršnik I: s.v.) is a misprint (see o.c. II: I).

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > blьščati
11 edìnъ

edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'
Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13

Old Church Slavic:

jedinъ `one' [num o];

jedьnъ `one' [num o] \{1\}

Russian:

odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]

Czech:

jeden `one' [num o]

Polish:

jeden `one' [num o];

jedyny `only' [num o]

Old Polish:

jedziny `only' [num o]

Slovincian:

jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];

Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];

Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]

Slovene:

edín `only, lonesome' [num o];

jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];

édǝn `one' [num o];

jédǝn `one' [num o];

èn `one' [num o]

Bulgarian:

edín `one' [num. o]

Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-

IE meaning: one

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 284, 286

Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.

Notes:

\{1\} The form with ь is less common than jedinъ.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > edìnъ
12 edьnъ

edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'
Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13

Old Church Slavic:

jedinъ `one' [num o];

jedьnъ `one' [num o] \{1\}

Russian:

odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]

Czech:

jeden `one' [num o]

Polish:

jeden `one' [num o];

jedyny `only' [num o]

Old Polish:

jedziny `only' [num o]

Slovincian:

jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];

Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];

Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]

Slovene:

edín `only, lonesome' [num o];

jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];

édǝn `one' [num o];

jédǝn `one' [num o];

èn `one' [num o]

Bulgarian:

edín `one' [num. o]

Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-

IE meaning: one

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 284, 286

Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.

Notes:

\{1\} The form with ь is less common than jedinъ.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > edьnъ
13 evьja

evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'
Page in Trubačev: -

Russian:

évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]

Belorussian:

ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}

Ukrainian:

jevja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]

Polish:

jawia `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{2\};

jewnia (arch.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

jownia (arch.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaH

Lithuanian:

jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}

Latvian:

jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]

Old Prussian:

jauge `drying shed, barn for braking flax' \{4\}

Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂

IE meaning: granary

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 512

Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).

Other cognates:

MoHG jauge (dial.) `barn'

Notes:

\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21).

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > evьja
14 evьn̨a

evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'
Page in Trubačev: -

Russian:

évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]

Belorussian:

ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}

Ukrainian:

jevja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]

Polish:

jawia `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{2\};

jewnia (arch.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];

jownia (arch.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaH

Lithuanian:

jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}

Latvian:

jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]

Old Prussian:

jauge `drying shed, barn for braking flax' \{4\}

Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂

IE meaning: granary

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 512

Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).

Other cognates:

MoHG jauge (dial.) `barn'

Notes:

\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21).

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > evьn̨a
15 glistъ

glístъ; glīstà Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `worm'
Page in Trubačev: VI 128-129

Russian:

glist `intestinal worm' [m o], glistá [Gens]

Belorussian:

hlist `intestinal worm' [m o], hlistá [Gens]

Ukrainian:

hlyst `intestinal worm' [m o], hlystá [Gens]

Czech:

hlíst `intestinal worm' [m o];

hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]

Slovak:

hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]

Polish:

glista `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]

Serbo-Croatian:

glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā];

Čak. glȋsta (Orbanići) `worm' [f ā];

Čak. glȋs (Orbanići) `worm' [f i], glȋsti [f i]

Slovene:

glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]

Bulgarian:

glist `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [m o]

Lithuanian:

glaĩstas `layer of clay, plaster' [m o] 2/4

Indo-European reconstruction: glH₁it-to-??

Comments: Though masculine o-stems belonging to AP (b) in principle continue old neuters, I am uncertain of this holds for original oxytona, i.e. words that were already oxytone before Dybo's law. Here the reconstruction of an old oxytonon may account for the unexpected absence of a laryngeal in the root, which can now be attributed to the Early Slavic loss of laryngeals in pretonic position. In view of Hirt's law, which would have generated root stress, a reconstruction with a zero grade (*glh¹it-tó) is preferable. The semantically different Lith. glaĩstas probably contains a old neuter.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > glistъ
16 glīstà

glístъ; glīstà Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `worm'
Page in Trubačev: VI 128-129

Russian:

glist `intestinal worm' [m o], glistá [Gens]

Belorussian:

hlist `intestinal worm' [m o], hlistá [Gens]

Ukrainian:

hlyst `intestinal worm' [m o], hlystá [Gens]

Czech:

hlíst `intestinal worm' [m o];

hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]

Slovak:

hlísta `intestinal worm' [f ā]

Polish:

glista `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]

Serbo-Croatian:

glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā];

Čak. glȋsta (Orbanići) `worm' [f ā];

Čak. glȋs (Orbanići) `worm' [f i], glȋsti [f i]

Slovene:

glísta `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [f ā]

Bulgarian:

glist `intestinal worm, earth-worm' [m o]

Lithuanian:

glaĩstas `layer of clay, plaster' [m o] 2/4

Indo-European reconstruction: glH₁it-to-??

Comments: Though masculine o-stems belonging to AP (b) in principle continue old neuters, I am uncertain of this holds for original oxytona, i.e. words that were already oxytone before Dybo's law. Here the reconstruction of an old oxytonon may account for the unexpected absence of a laryngeal in the root, which can now be attributed to the Early Slavic loss of laryngeals in pretonic position. In view of Hirt's law, which would have generated root stress, a reconstruction with a zero grade (*glh¹it-tó) is preferable. The semantically different Lith. glaĩstas probably contains a old neuter.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > glīstà
17 kosà

I. kosà I Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `hair, braided hair'
Page in Trubačev: XI 131-133

Church Slavic:

kosa `hair' [f ā];

kosa (RuCS) `braided hair, braid' [f ā]

Russian:

kosá `braid, plait' [f ā], kósu [Accs]

Old Russian:

kosa `braided hair, braid' [f ā]

Old Czech:

kosa `hair' [f ā]

Old Polish:

kosa `braid, mane' [f ā]

Serbo-Croatian:

kòsa `hair, wool' [f ā], kȍsu [Accs];

Čak. kȍse (Vrgada) `hair, wool' [Nompf ā];

Čak. kosȁ (Novi) `hair, wool' [f ā], kosȕ [Accs], kȍsu [Accs], kosȅ [Nom p], kȍse [Nom p];

Kajk. kyesȍ (Bednja) `hair, wool' [f ā], kesȏu [Accs], kyȇsu [Accs]

Bulgarian:

kosá `hair' [f ā]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kosaʔ

Lithuanian:

kasà `braid' [f ā]

Old Prussian:

kexti `Zopfhaar'

Indo-European reconstruction: kos-eh₂

Page in Pokorny: 585

Other cognates:

OIc. haddr `hair (of a woman)'
II. kosà II Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `scythe'
Page in Trubačev: XI 133-135

Church Slavic:

kosa `scythe' [f ā]

Russian:

kosá `scythe, spit (geog.)' [f ā], kosú [Accs], kósu [Accs]

Czech:

kosa `scythe' [f ā]

Slovak:

kosa `scythe' [f ā]

Polish:

kosa `scythe' [f ā]

Upper Sorbian:

kosa `scythe' [f ā]

Serbo-Croatian:

kòsa `scythe' [f ā], kȍsu [Accs];

Čak. kȍse (Vrgada) `hair, wool' [Nompf ā];

Čak. kosȁ (Novi) `scythe' [Nompf ā], kosȕ [Accs], kȍsu [Accs];

Čak. kosȁ (kȍsa) (Orbanići) `scythe' [f ā], kȍso [Accs]

Slovene:

kósa `scythe, spit (geog.)' [f ā]

Bulgarian:

kosá `scythe' [f ā]

Indo-European reconstruction: kos-eh₂

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > kosà
18 làjati

I. làjati I Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `bark'
Page in Trubačev: XIV 20

Old Church Slavic:

lajati (Supr.) `bark' [verb], lajǫ [1sg]

Russian:

lájat' `bark' [verb]

Old Russian:

lajati `bark' [verb]

Belorussian:

lájać `curse' [verb]

Ukrainian:

lájati `curse, scold' [verb]

Czech:

láti `scold, bark' [verb]

Old Czech:

láti `scold' [verb]

Slovak:

lát' `scold' [verb]

Polish:

ɫajać `curse, scold, bark' [verb]

Old Polish:

ɫajać `curse, scream' [verb]

Slovincian:

ɫajac `bark, curse' [verb]

Lower Sorbian:

ɫajaś `bark, scold, curse' [verb]

Serbo-Croatian:

lȁjati `bark, swear' [verb], lȁjēm [1sg];

Čak. lȁjati (Vrgada) `bark, swear' [verb], lȁješ [2sg];

Čak. lȁjati ʌOrbanići) `bark' [verb], lȃʌe [3sg]

Slovene:

lȃjati `bark, scream, curse' [verb], lȃjam [1sg], lȃjem [1sg]

Bulgarian:

lája `bark, scold' [verb]

Macedonian:

lae `bark, swear' [verb]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: laH-tei

Lithuanian:

lóti `bark' [verb]

Latvian:

lãt `bark, scold' [verb]

Indo-European reconstruction: leh₂-

IE meaning: bark

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: ?

Other cognates:

Skt. rā́yati `bark' [verb] \{1\};

Lat. lātrāre `bark' [verb]

Notes:

\{1\} If not from IE. Hreh₁
II. lajati II Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `ambush, lie in wait for'
Page in Trubačev: XIV 21

Old Church Slavic:

lajati `ambush, lie in wait for' [verb], lajǫ [1sg]

Church Slavic:

lajati (RuCS) `ambush, lie in wait for, engage in intrigues' [verb]

Indo-European reconstruction: leh₂-

Page in Pokorny: 651

Other cognates:

Gk. λήθω `be hidden' [verb];

Lat. latēre `be hidden' [verb]

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > làjati
19 měniti

I. měniti I Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `change, exchange'
Page in Trubačev: XVIII 173-174

Old Church Slavic:

měnitъ (Supr.) `changes' [verb]

Russian:

menít' (dial.) `change, exchange' [verb]

Czech:

měniti `exchange, change' [verb]

Slovak:

menit' sa `exchange, change' [verb]

Polish:

mienić się `change colour' [verb]

Serbo-Croatian:

mijèniti `change' [verb]

Slovene:

mẹníti `change, exchange' [verb], mením [1sg]

Bulgarian:

menjá `change, exchange' [verb]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: moiniʔtei

Lithuanian:

mainýti `exchange' [verb], maĩno [3sg]

Latvian:

maĩnît `exchange' [verb]

Indo-European reconstruction: moi-

Other cognates:

Skt. máyate `exchange, change' [verb]
II. měniti II Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `think'
Page in Trubačev: XVIII 174-175

Old Church Slavic:

měniti `suppose, think, reckon, mention' [verb], měnjǫ [1sg]

Old Russian:

měniti `think, suppose, mention, mean, symbolize' [verb]

Czech:

míniti `think, suppose, intend' [verb]

Slovak:

mienit' `intend, plan' [verb]

Polish:

mienić `think, suppose' [verb]

Serbo-Croatian:

mijeniti `think, say, remember' [verb]

Slovene:

mẹ́niti `think, suppose' [verb], mẹ́nim [1sg]

Indo-European reconstruction: moi-n-

Other cognates:

OHG meinen `mean' [verb]

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > měniti
20 mogti

mogti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `be able'
Page in Trubačev: XIX 107-111

Old Church Slavic:

mošti `be able' [verb], mogǫ [1sg], možetъ [3sg]

Russian:

moč' `be able' [verb], mogú [1sg], móžet [3sg]

Czech:

moci `be able' [verb], mohu [1sg], může [3sg]

Slovak:

môct' `be able' [verb], môžem [1sg]

Polish:

móc `be able' [verb], mogę [1sg], może [3sg]

Serbo-Croatian:

mòći `be able' [verb], mògu [1sg], mȍžē [3sg];

Čak. mȍći (Vrgada) `be able' [verb], mȏgu [1sg], mȍže [3sg];

Čak. mȍć (Orbanići) `can, be able (to), be allowed (to)' [verb], mȍren [1sg]

Slovene:

móči `be able, must' [verb], mǫ́rem [1sg], mórem [1sg]

Bulgarian:

móga `be able, be allowed' [verb]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mog-

Lithuanian:

magė́ti `please, interest' \{1\} [verb], mãga [3sg]

Old Prussian:

massi `be able \{2\}

Indo-European reconstruction: mogʰ-

IE meaning: be able, capable

Page in Pokorny: 695

Comments: The generally accepted apophonic relationship between Slavic *mogti, Lith. magė́ti etc. on the one hand and mė́gti `love, like', Latv. mêgt `be able, be accustomed to' on the other cannot be maintained if one adheres to the view that the lengthened grade yielded a Balto-Slavic circumflex. The acute of the latter verbs may be due to Winter's law (*h₁meǵ- if cognate with Gk. περιημεκτέω `be aggrieved, chafe'). The o-vocalism of magė́ti and the Slavic and the Germanic forms points to an old perfect. For the semantic development `to be able' -> `to like', cf. Go. mag vs. MoHG mögen. As Pokorny remarks himself, his reconstruction *magʰ-, māgʰ- is entirely based on the presumed connection of the aforementioned forms with Gk. μηχανή `means, instrument', μη̃χος `instrument, apparatus', Dor. μᾱχᾱνα, μα̃ χος, which was rejected by Endzelīns (1931: 183), Fraenkel (1951, 168), Stang (1972, 37) a.o. for various reasons (cf. ESSJa X: 110) but nevertheless reappears in Lehmann 1986 (239).

Other cognates:

Skt. maghá- `power, wealth, gift'
;

Go. mag `have power, be able' [3sg];

OIc. mega `be able' [verb], má [3sg];

OHG magan, mugan `be able' [verb]

Notes:

\{1\} The verb usually occurs in impersonal constructions. \{2\} The scholarly community is divided with respect to the question whether massi is a borrowing from Slavic (viz. Polish może) or a genuine Prussian form (see Mažiulis III: 114 for the relevant literature).

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > mogti

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

reconstruction — [ r(ə)kɔ̃stryksjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1728; de reconstruire, d apr. construction ♦ Action de reconstruire (qqch.). Reconstruction d un mur, d un édifice. Spécialt Reconstruction des villes détruites par la guerre. ♢ Fig. La reconstruction des espèces… … Encyclopédie Universelle
reconstruction — re‧con‧struc‧tion [ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʆn] noun 1. [uncountable] the work that is done after a war,Earthquake etc to repair the damage that was caused to buildings, industry etc: • the post war reconstruction of the country s damaged infrastructure 2.… … Financial and business terms
ReConStruction — convention logo Status Active Genre Science fiction/Fantasy … Wikipedia
Reconstruction — [riːkən strʌkʃn; englisch »Wiederaufbau«] die, , nach dem Sezessionskrieg in den USA die Periode der Wiedereingliederung der elf Südstaaten in die Union (1865 77). Sie wurde durch verschiedene soziale und politische Probleme erschwert: die… … Universal-Lexikon
reconstruction — re·con·struc·tion n 1: a rebuilding of a nonfunctional patented article that amounts to creation of a new article and constitutes infringement of the patent the complete replacement of the mechanism was a reconstruction and not a repair 2: the… … Law dictionary
Reconstruction — Re con*struc tion ( str?k sh?n), n. 1. The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed. [1913 Webster] 2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed ordinances of secession,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Reconstruction — (1865 77) the period of American history after the Civil War when the southern states, under government and military control, rejoined the US. Slavery was ended, black people were given the right to vote, and a few universities were established… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Reconstruction — (1865 77) the period of American history after the Civil War when the southern states, under government and military control, rejoined the US. Slavery was ended, black people were given the right to vote, and a few universities were established… … Dictionary of contemporary English
reconstruction — 1791, action or process of reconstructing,вЂќ from RE (Cf. re ) + CONSTRUCTION (Cf. construction). In U.S. political history sense (usually with a capital R ), from 1865. It had been used during the American Civil War in reference to… … Etymology dictionary
reconstruction — [rē΄kənstruk′shən] n. 1. a) the act of reconstructing b) something reconstructed 2. [R ] the process, after the Civil War, of reorganizing the Southern states which had seceded and reestablishing them in the Union 3. [R ] the period of this (1867 … English World dictionary
Reconstruction — NOTOC Reconstruction may refer to:Politics, history and sociology*Postwar reconstruction. **Reconstruction era of the United States, the period between 1865 to 1877 when the US government focused on resolving the consequences and aftermath of the … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со словенского на английский

reconstruction

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со словенского на английский

reconstruction

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: